N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid : An N-acyl-L-aspartic acid in which the acyl group is specified as acetyl. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 65065 |
| CHEMBL ID | 1162494 |
| CHEBI ID | 21547 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 37946 |
| MeSH ID | M0040206 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| einecs 213-643-9 |
| brn 1726198 |
| nsc 128610 |
| n-acetylaspartate |
| aspartic acid, n-acetyl-, l- |
| MLS002153800 |
| l-aspartic acid, n-acetyl- |
| nsc-128610 |
| DIVK1C_006986 |
| SPECTRUM_001592 |
| SPECTRUM5_001394 |
| BPBIO1_000408 |
| (s)-2-(acetylamino)succinic acid |
| CHEBI:21547 , |
| acetylaspartic acid |
| l-n-acetylaspartic acid |
| n-acetylaspartic acid |
| (2s)-2-acetamidobutanedioic acid |
| (s)-2-(acetylamino)butanedioic acid |
| acetyl-l-aspartic acid |
| cas-997-55-7 |
| NCGC00016559-01 |
| PRESTWICK3_000415 |
| BSPBIO_000370 |
| BSPBIO_003441 |
| AB00513835 |
| n-acetyl-l-aspartic acid |
| C01042 |
| 997-55-7 |
| KBIOSS_002072 |
| KBIO3_002661 |
| KBIO2_002072 |
| KBIO1_001930 |
| KBIO2_004640 |
| KBIOGR_001128 |
| KBIO2_007208 |
| SPECTRUM4_000604 |
| SPECPLUS_000890 |
| SPECTRUM2_000792 |
| SPECTRUM3_001661 |
| SPBIO_000924 |
| NCGC00016559-03 |
| NCGC00016559-02 |
| MLS001335915 |
| smr000857360 |
| MLS001335916 |
| 6E36ED9D-45CE-4C88-BF72-5DB051A21773 |
| (s)-2-acetamidosuccinic acid |
| BMSE000423 |
| CHEMBL1162494 , |
| (s)-2-acetamidosuccinate |
| A846077 |
| HMS2096C12 |
| bdbm50344958 |
| AKOS006240260 |
| AKOS015922843 |
| HMS2231F19 |
| CCG-40170 |
| ccris 9429 |
| unii-445y04yiwr |
| 4-04-00-03015 (beilstein handbook reference) |
| 445y04yiwr , |
| ac-asp-oh |
| acetyl aspartic acid |
| n-acetyl-s-aspartic acid |
| acetyl aspartic acid [who-dd] |
| acetyl aspartic acid [inci] |
| n-acetyl-l-aspartic acid [mi] |
| c6h9no5 |
| ac-asp |
| AM81586 |
| SCHEMBL37946 |
| n-acetyl-l-asp |
| J-300056 |
| mfcd00020500 |
| n-acetyl-l-aspartic acid, >=99.0% (t) |
| D70679 |
| (s)-2-(acetylamino)butanedioate |
| acetylaspartate |
| acetyl-l-aspartate |
| l-n-acetylaspartate |
| n-acetyl-s-aspartate |
| HY-113524 |
| CS-0062451 |
| DS-15978 |
| Q63398464 |
| DTXSID40897219 |
| EN300-147553 |
| Z98657516 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "L-2-Chloropropionic acid is selectively toxic to the cerebellum in rats; the granule cell necrosis observed within 48 h can be prevented by prior administration of MK-801." | ( Neuroprotective effects of MK-801 on L-2-chloropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity. Bachelard, HS; Lock, EA; Williams, RE, 2001) | 0.31 |
| "Carbon monoxide (CO) exposure is a common cause of toxic brain damage, whereby effects range from transient neurological dysfunction to coma and death." | ( Carbon monoxide brain toxicity: clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and neuropsychological effects in 9 people. Prockop, LD, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " No mortalities or evidence of adverse effects were observed in SD rats following acute oral administration of 2000mg/kg NAA." | ( Acute and repeated dose oral toxicity of N-acetyl-l-aspartic acid in Sprague-Dawley rats. Amanda Shen, Z; Barnett, JF; Delaney, B; Gannon, S; Maxwell, C; Munley, SA; Powley, CR, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " No biologically significant differences or adverse effects were observed in functional observation battery (FOB) and motor activity evaluations, hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, organ weights, or gross pathology evaluations that were attributable to dietary exposure to NAA." | ( Subchronic oral toxicity assessment of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid in rats. Barnett, J; Delaney, B; Karaman, S; Sykes, GP, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Further, no test substance related mortalities or adverse clinical, neurohistopathologic or histopathologic findings were observed." | ( Two-generation reproductive and developmental toxicity assessment of dietary N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid in rats. Barnett, J; Delaney, B; Hong, B; Karaman, S; Sykes, GP, 2011) | 0.37 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Whilst the mechanism by which GSH exerts any clinical effect is unknown it has been proposed that it involves the bolstering of antioxidant defences by increasing the bioavailability of GSH, which in turn reverses clinical symptoms of depression." | ( In vivo glutathione levels in young persons with bipolar disorder: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Duffy, S; Hermens, DF; Hickie, IB; Lagopoulos, J; Naismith, SL; Scott, E; Tobias-Webb, J; White, D, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Therefore, this study highlights a potential role for nuclear ASPA expression in GSC malignancy and suggests that the use of NAA or NAAG is not an appropriate therapeutic approach to increase acetate bioavailability in glioma." | ( N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) promote growth and inhibit differentiation of glioma stem-like cells. Jaworski, DM; Lawler, SE; Long, PM; Moffett, JR; Namboodiri, AMA; Viapiano, MS, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " This preclinical study sought to test the efficacy of the food additive Triacetin (glyceryl triacetate, GTA) as a novel therapy to increase acetate bioavailability in glioma cells." | ( Triacetin-based acetate supplementation as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant therapy in glioma. Davies, MT; Driscoll, HE; Jaworski, DM; Lawler, SE; Long, PM; Penar, PL; Pendlebury, WW; Spees, JL; Teasdale, BA; Tsen, AR; Viapiano, MS, 2014) | 0.4 |
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " Similar evidence for PDH activation was demonstrated at 2 and 24 h after dosing in both tissues." | ( Biochemical and neurotoxicological effects of L-2-chloropropionic acid on rodent brain. Bachelard, HS; Jones, P; Lock, EA; Williams, RE, 1999) | 0.3 |
| "Although no difference was found between groups with RBD and IPD without dream enactment behavior in demographic characteristics, duration of disease, mean levodopa dosage and duration of levodopa use, all UPDRS scores (total, motor and cognitive) were worse in RBD group (p<0." | ( Brainstem 1H-MR spectroscopy in patients with Parkinson's disease with REM sleep behavior disorder and IPD patients without dream enactment behavior. Dincer, A; Hanoglu, L; Meral, H; Ozer, F, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " PI showed a significant dose-response relationship with cumulative exposure index (CEI) (r=0." | ( Effect of occupational manganese exposure on the central nervous system of welders: 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRI findings. Cheong, HK; Choi, DS; Kang, DM; Kim, EA; Park, I; Ryoo, JW; Sakong, J, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Because findings from the animal literature have indicated that specific dosage regimens of MDMA can produce long-lasting alterations in serotonergic function, existing studies of MDMA effects in humans have examined brain serotonin (5-HT) transporters (5-HTT) and receptors or have examined brain structures or functions potentially affected by MDMA." | ( Neuroimaging research in human MDMA users: a review. Cowan, RL, 2007) | 0.34 |
| "7 year; 4 females) received 12 weeks of open-label paroxetine treatment, flexibly dosed up to 60 mg/day." | ( A pilot study of the effects of chronic paroxetine administration on hippocampal N-acetylaspartate in generalized anxiety disorder. Amiel, JM; Coplan, JD; Mao, X; Mathew, SJ; Price, RB; Shungu, DC; Smith, EL, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " However, a systematic spectroscopic study on short-term exposure to corticosteroids, in a dosage sufficient to impair memory performance, is lacking." | ( Effects of short-term stress-like cortisol on cerebral metabolism: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 3.0 T. Bruhn, H; Scheel, M; Ströhle, A, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "The three rat lines were dosed equivalently and approached similar BALs." | ( Rat strain differences in brain structure and neurochemistry in response to binge alcohol. Bell, RL; Hsu, O; Luong, R; Mayer, D; Orduna, J; Pfefferbaum, A; Rohlfing, T; Sullivan, EV; Vinco, S; Zahr, NM, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Inhibition of the neuropeptidase glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) has previously been shown to ameliorate cognitive impairment in EAE, but dosing has not yet been optimized and only a prevention treatment paradigm has been explored." | ( Dose-dependent inhibition of GCPII to prevent and treat cognitive impairment in the EAE model of multiple sclerosis. Alt, J; Hollinger, KR; Kaplin, AI; Riehm, AM; Slusher, BS, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "Volunteers were supplemented daily with 36 mg/kg body weight (BW) of GAA for the first 4 wk of the intervention; afterward GAA dosage was titrated ≤60 mg/kg BW of GAA daily." | ( Dietary guanidinoacetic acid increases brain creatine levels in healthy men. Drid, P; Jovanov, P; Ostojic, J; Ostojic, SM; Vranes, M, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Although there was no difference in kainate dosing or seizure count between them, the metabolic pattern of injury was different." | ( Metabolic injury in a variable rat model of post-status epilepticus. de Lanerolle, N; Kelly, KM; Pan, JW; Pearce, PS; Rapuano, A; Wu, Y, 2016) | 0.43 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| nutraceutical | A product in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide essential nutrients, such as a vitamin, an essential mineral, a protein, an herb, or similar nutritional substance. |
| antioxidant | A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. |
| human metabolite | Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens). |
| mouse metabolite | Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus). |
| rat metabolite | Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in rat (Rattus norvegicus). |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| N-acetyl-L-amino acid | An L-amino acid having an N-acetyl substituent. |
| N-acyl-L-aspartic acid | L-Aspartic acid substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 0.0032 | 45.4673 | 12,589.2998 | AID2517 |
| 67.9K protein | Vaccinia virus | Potency | 0.3162 | 0.0001 | 8.4406 | 100.0000 | AID720579 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.5929 | 0.0041 | 9.9848 | 25.9290 | AID504444 |
| transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.1838 | 0.7943 | 21.2757 | 50.1187 | AID624246 |
| peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.1187 | 0.4256 | 12.0591 | 28.1838 | AID504891 |
| geminin | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.5810 | 0.0046 | 11.3741 | 33.4983 | AID624297 |
| DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 112.2020 | 0.0316 | 22.3146 | 100.0000 | AID588579 |
| Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.8184 | 3.9811 | 46.7448 | 112.2020 | AID720708 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solute carrier family 22 member 20 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Ki | 27,542.3008 | 1.1000 | 6.6789 | 9.1201 | AID360149 |
| Solute carrier family 22 member 6 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Ki | 837.2547 | 0.4074 | 5.0217 | 9.4000 | AID360150; AID598874; AID598880 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Process | via Protein(s) | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| protein binding | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| cAMP binding | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| protein-macromolecule adaptor activity | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| small GTPase binding | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| [Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release] | ||
| Process | via Protein(s) | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| cytosol | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| plasma membrane | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| membrane | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 synapse | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| plasma membrane | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| [Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release] | ||
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID588501 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
| AID588501 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
| AID588501 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
| AID588497 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
| AID588497 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
| AID588497 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
| AID651635 | Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression | |||
| AID1745845 | Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression | |||
| AID588499 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
| AID588499 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
| AID588499 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
| AID504812 | Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign | 2010 | Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7 | A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. |
| AID504810 | Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign | 2010 | Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7 | A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. |
| AID1159607 | Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction | 2016 | Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6 | A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway. |
| AID360150 | Inhibition of mouse Oat1-mediated [3H]PAH uptake in Xenopus oocytes after 1 hr | 2007 | The Journal of biological chemistry, Aug-17, Volume: 282, Issue:33 | Structural variation governs substrate specificity for organic anion transporter (OAT) homologs. Potential remote sensing by OAT family members. |
| AID360151 | Ratio of pKi for mouse Oat1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes to pKi for mouse Oat6 expressed in Xenopus oocytes | 2007 | The Journal of biological chemistry, Aug-17, Volume: 282, Issue:33 | Structural variation governs substrate specificity for organic anion transporter (OAT) homologs. Potential remote sensing by OAT family members. |
| AID977602 | Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM | 2013 | Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6 | Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors. |
| AID598874 | Inhibition of mouse Oat1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as inhibition 6-carboxyfluorescein uptake after 1 hr by fluorometric analysis | 2011 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11 | Elucidation of common pharmacophores from analysis of targeted metabolites transported by the multispecific drug transporter-Organic anion transporter1 (Oat1). |
| AID598880 | Inhibition of mouse Oat1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes | 2011 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11 | Elucidation of common pharmacophores from analysis of targeted metabolites transported by the multispecific drug transporter-Organic anion transporter1 (Oat1). |
| AID360149 | Inhibition of mouse Oat6-mediated [3H]ES uptake in Xenopus oocytes after 1 hr | 2007 | The Journal of biological chemistry, Aug-17, Volume: 282, Issue:33 | Structural variation governs substrate specificity for organic anion transporter (OAT) homologs. Potential remote sensing by OAT family members. |
| AID977599 | Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM | 2013 | Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6 | Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors. |
| AID1159550 | Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening | 2015 | Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11 | 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 39 (1.11) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 675 (19.21) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 1493 (42.49) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 1218 (34.66) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 89 (2.53) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (35.90) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 227 (6.15%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 188 (5.10%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 287 (7.78%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 8 (0.22%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 2,979 (80.75%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| alpha-hydroxyglutarate 2-hydroxyglutarate : A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid.. 2-hydroxyglutaric acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one hydrogen alpha- to a carboxylic acid group is substituted by a hydroxy group. | 4.7 | 6 | 0 | 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid | metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid: An oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen.. 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted at C-2 by an amine group and at C-3 by a hydroxy group. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid tryptophan.. 3-hydroxyanthranilate : A hydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. | 17.04 | 184 | 17 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule |
| aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid | antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5. | 3.44 | 1 | 1 | hydroxytryptophan | human metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. | 4.66 | 6 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent |
| acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde | carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent |
| adipic acid adipic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,4-dicarboxy derivative of butane. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid | food acidity regulator; human xenobiotic metabolite |
| beta-alanine [no description available] | 2.59 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid | agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter |
| benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids | algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine. | 3.85 | 2 | 1 | amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative | fundamental metabolite |
| butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| ureidosuccinic acid ureidosuccinic acid: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. N-carbamoylaspartic acid : An N-carbamoylamino acid that is aspartic acid with one of its amino hydrogens replaced by a carbamoyl group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aspartic acid derivative; C4-dicarboxylic acid; N-carbamoyl-amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects. | 2 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent |
| aminooxyacetic acid Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; hydroxylamines; monocarboxylic acid | anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; nootropic agent |
| carnitine [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | amino-acid betaine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| choline [no description available] | 24.08 | 1,726 | 116 | cholines | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. | 4.52 | 5 | 1 | tricarboxylic acid | antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic chlorine | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
| octanoic acid octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | antibacterial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride | Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent |
| 3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics. | 4.26 | 5 | 0 | (omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid | human metabolite |
| hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl. | 4.14 | 3 | 1 | N-acylglycine | human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin |
| n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid | |
| malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| creatine [no description available] | 24.1 | 1,809 | 127 | glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical |
| lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 17.97 | 341 | 20 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
| dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents. | 3.78 | 2 | 1 | sulfoxide; volatile organic compound | alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger |
| glutaric acid glutaric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glutaric acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is a linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid | Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite |
| glycine [no description available] | 7.07 | 30 | 1 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical |
| glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | alditol; triol | algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent |
| glycocyamine glycocyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanidinoacetate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of guanidinoacetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. guanidinoacetic acid : The N-amidino derivative of glycine. | 4.33 | 4 | 1 | guanidinoacetic acids; zwitterion | bacterial metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; rat metabolite |
| hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. | 2 | 1 | 0 | carbon oxoanion | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| histamine [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aralkylamino compound; imidazoles | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 11.42 | 89 | 3 | elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity | antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite |
| dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring. | 3.01 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative | human metabolite |
| kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group. | 3.6 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline | human metabolite |
| pipecolic acid pipecolic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pipecolic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position C-2.. pipecolate : A piperidinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of pipecolic acid. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | piperidinemonocarboxylic acid | |
| thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid | fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
| malonic acid malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups. | 2 | 1 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid | human metabolite |
| racemethionine Racemethionine: A preparation of METHIONINE that includes a mixture of D-methionine and L-methionine isomers. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; sulfur-containing amino acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound | amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | inositol phosphate | |
| inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration. | 20.34 | 595 | 45 | cyclitol; hexol | |
| melatonin [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; tryptamines | anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger |
| oxaloacetic acid Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | C4-dicarboxylic acid; oxo dicarboxylic acid | geroprotector; metabolite |
| 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; phenols | human metabolite |
| phenylpyruvic acid phenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenylpyruvate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy group of either keto- or enol-phenylpyruvic acid.. keto-phenylpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropanoic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in the phenylalanine pathway. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid | chromogenic compound; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite |
| phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family. | 4.6 | 25 | 0 | phosphocholines | allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phosphorylethanolamine phosphorylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. O-phosphoethanolamine : The ethanolamine mono-ester of phosphoric acid, and a metabolite of phospholipid metabolism. This phosphomonoester shows strong structural similarity to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and is decreased in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brain. | 3.28 | 6 | 0 | phosphoethanolamine; primary amino compound | algal metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid | antifungal drug |
| pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis. | 4.08 | 4 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid | cofactor; fundamental metabolite |
| quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | pyridinedicarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist |
| sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis | 4.41 | 1 | 1 | N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines | Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent |
| taurine [no description available] | 8.35 | 55 | 1 | amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion | antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | primary alcohol; vitamin B1 | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups. | 3.15 | 1 | 0 | methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound | cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent |
| trimethylamine [no description available] | 3.39 | 7 | 0 | methylamines; tertiary amine | Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite |
| urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors. | 2 | 1 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | NMDA receptor antagonist |
| alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| ibotenic acid Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | neurotoxin |
| 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine | neurotoxin |
| 2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'. | 2 | 1 | 0 | bipyridine | chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor |
| n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5. | 6.86 | 11 | 2 | amphetamines; benzodioxoles | neurotoxin |
| 3-nitropropionic acid 3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | C-nitro compound | antimycobacterial drug; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; mycotoxin; neurotoxin |
| homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phenytoin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
| 5-dimethylamiloride 5-dimethylamiloride: has anti-HIV-1 activity | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5. | 2 | 1 | 0 | indole-3-acetic acids | drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337) | 3.1 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| alpha-methylserotonin alpha-methylserotonin: potent agonist at M & D receptors of serotonin; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | tryptamines | serotonergic agonist |
| alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug. | 3.44 | 1 | 1 | organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic |
| pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide. | 2 | 1 | 0 | guanidines; one-carbon compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor |
| p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | N-acylglycine | Daphnia magna metabolite |
| aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates | anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent |
| azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| bumetanide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide | diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor |
| caffeine [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| candesartan candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazolecarboxylic acid; biphenylyltetrazole | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; ureas | analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic |
| carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| cetyl alcohol cetyl alcohol: has been used for eczema, skin irritations; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hexadecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of sixteen carbon atoms.. hexadecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is hexadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. | 2 | 1 | 0 | hexadecanol; long-chain primary fatty alcohol | algal metabolite; flavouring agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent |
| chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue |
| chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate | acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic |
| citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. | 5.84 | 4 | 2 | 2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound | |
| clonazepam Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation. | 4.37 | 2 | 2 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator |
| clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | clonidine; imidazoline | |
| dantrolene Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione | muscle relaxant; neuroprotective agent; ryanodine receptor antagonist |
| amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | primary amine | |
| diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic |
| diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent |
| pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | pentacarboxylic acid | copper chelator |
| valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem. | 5.06 | 5 | 2 | branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid | anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent |
| donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group. | 5.59 | 3 | 2 | aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent |
| eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester [no description available] | 4.34 | 1 | 1 | ||
| etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound | ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore |
| fenfluramine Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension. | 3.11 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; secondary amino compound | appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. | 3.44 | 1 | 1 | anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines | adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound | antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist |
| fluorescite fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; cyclic ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; phenols; xanthene dye | fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium |
| fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group. | 4.95 | 4 | 2 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound | |
| flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome. | 4.66 | 3 | 2 | gamma-amino acid | anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dialdehyde | cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative |
| gyki 52466 GYKI 52466: an AMPA (non-NMDA) receptor antagonist; structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. | 4.8 | 7 | 1 | aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic |
| idebenone [no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor |
| iofetamine Iofetamine: An amphetamine analog that is rapidly taken up by the lungs and from there redistributed primarily to the brain and liver. It is used in brain radionuclide scanning with I-123. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4. | 7.05 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid | G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: a glutamate uptake inhibitor | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lamotrigine [no description available] | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | 1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine | anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic |
| lomustine [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| memantine [no description available] | 7.15 | 6 | 6 | adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine | antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4. | 4.16 | 3 | 1 | benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound | |
| methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group. | 10.07 | 9 | 1 | beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines | |
| midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively. | 3.87 | 2 | 1 | imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative |
| modafinil Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfoxide | |
| oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease). | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound | drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin |
| pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | GABAA receptor agonist |
| piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent. | 6.98 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients. | 2 | 1 | 0 | pyridobenzodiazepine | anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist |
| potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt | fertilizer |
| probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; sulfonamide | uricosuric drug |
| procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; hydrazines | antineoplastic agent |
| propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion | fluorochrome; intercalator |
| propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols | anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative |
| riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS. | 7.09 | 7 | 4 | benzothiazoles | |
| risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2. | 6.7 | 6 | 1 | 1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| ropinirole [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | indolones; tertiary amine | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; dopamine agonist |
| sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups. | 2.55 | 2 | 0 | ether; organofluorine compound | central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics. | 2 | 1 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| temozolomide [no description available] | 4.58 | 5 | 1 | imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
| tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker |
| tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amino acid | |
| triacetin Triacetin: A triglyceride that is used as an antifungal agent.. triacetin : A triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol. It has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections. | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | triglyceride | adjuvant; antifungal drug; food additive carrier; food emulsifier; food humectant; fuel additive; plant metabolite; solvent |
| trientine Trientine: An ethylenediamine derivative used as stabilizer for EPOXY RESINS, as ampholyte for ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING and as chelating agent for copper in HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION.. TETA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a fouteen-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.. 2,2,2-tetramine : A polyazaalkane that is decane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogens. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | polyazaalkane; tetramine | copper chelator |
| corticosterone [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
| penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine | antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen |
| prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid. | 3.85 | 3 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| oxandrolone Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; oxa-steroid | anabolic agent; androgen |
| pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | pilocarpine | antiglaucoma drug |
| pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. | 8.68 | 29 | 2 | alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite |
| serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. | 3.86 | 3 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid. | 27.37 | 3,531 | 227 | aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. | 18.93 | 328 | 26 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | glycosyl glycoside | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | D-galactose; galactopyranose | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 5.36 | 2 | 2 | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite |
| levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease | 4.3 | 4 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug |
| tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine | EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group. | 3.79 | 2 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| calcium acetate calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces. | 5.19 | 3 | 0 | calcium salt | chelator |
| methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 6.27 | 11 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. | 2 | 1 | 0 | chloromethanes; one-carbon compound | carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| dimethyl sulfone [no description available] | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | sulfone | |
| caffeine citrate caffeine citrate: RN given for [1:1] mixture; used for prophylaxis and treatment of apnea in preterm babies | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mannitol [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | mannitol | allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent |
| asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. | 4.53 | 4 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine. | 7.79 | 13 | 1 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group. | 4.09 | 3 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. | 4.36 | 3 | 0 | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan | antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine. | 3.83 | 2 | 1 | aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 5.46 | 5 | 1 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| tetramethylammonium tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | tertiary alcohol | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | benzenes; piperidines | anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug |
| 3-mercaptopropionic acid 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.. 3-mercaptopropanoic acid : A mercaptopropanoic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 7 | 1 | 0 | mercaptopropanoic acid | algal metabolite |
| peracetic acid Peracetic Acid: A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.. peracetic acid : A peroxy acid that is acetic acid in which the OH group is substituted by a hydroperoxy group. It is a versatile oxidising agent that is used as a disinfectant. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | a peroxy acid | disinfectant; oxidising agent |
| dichloroacetic acid [no description available] | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | astringent; marine metabolite |
| methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone. | 4.13 | 2 | 0 | 6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic |
| penicillanic acid Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | penicillanic acids | |
| xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4. | 2 | 1 | 0 | mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene | |
| xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | xanthene | |
| soman Soman: An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | phosphonic ester | |
| pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | algal metabolite |
| cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol | solvent |
| thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring. | 3.46 | 1 | 1 | mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| heptanoic acid heptanoic acid : A C7, straight-chain fatty acid that contributes to the odour of some rancid oils. Used in the preparation of esters for the fragrance industry, and as an additive in cigarettes. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | plant metabolite |
| obidoxime chloride Obidoxime Chloride: Cholinesterase reactivator occurring in two interchangeable isomeric forms, syn and anti. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-methylbutanoic acid 2-methylbutanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 2-methylbutyric acid : A methylbutyric acid comprising a butyric acid core carrying a 2-methyl substituent. Produced from amino acid leucine during nutrient starvation in bacteria. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | methylbutyric acid | bacterial metabolite; human metabolite |
| meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | hexosamine; secondary amino compound | |
| 2-ethylhexanoic acid 2-ethylhexanoic acid: structure in first source; wood preservative; 2-ethylhexanoic acid is active ingredient in Sinesto B | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | branched-chain fatty acid | |
| hexanoic acid hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| sodium cyanide Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; sodium salt | EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor |
| thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt; vitamin B1 | |
| thiazoles [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid: tyrosing metabolite; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid : A 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid; phenols | bacterial metabolite; human metabolite |
| paraoxon [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite |
| galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils. | 5.61 | 3 | 2 | benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| cuprizone [no description available] | 2.82 | 3 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position. | 3.43 | 1 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; citrulline | Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| salicylurate salicylurate: RN given refers to parent cpd. salicyluric acid : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as 2-hydroxybenzoyl.. salicylurate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of salicyluric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | N-acylglycine; secondary carboxamide | human xenobiotic metabolite; uremic toxin |
| kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose. | 4.01 | 14 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid | antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist |
| isovaleric acid isovaleric acid: structure. isovaleric acid : A C5, branched-chain saturated fatty acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | branched-chain saturated fatty acid; methylbutyric acid; short-chain fatty acid | mammalian metabolite; plant metabolite |
| suberic acid suberic acid: used in plastics industry; inhibits activity of some enzymes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. suberic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,6-dicarboxy derivative of hexane. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid | human metabolite |
| methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes; phenols | |
| methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent. | 7.71 | 18 | 1 | amphetamines; secondary amine | central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic |
| dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | carbodiimide | ATP synthase inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; peptide coupling reagent |
| malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | dialdehyde | biomarker |
| aceturic acid aceturic acid: structure. N-acetylglycine : An N-acylglycine where the acyl group is specified as acetyl. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-acetyl-amino acid; N-acylglycine | human metabolite |
| aminopenicillanic acid aminopenicillanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 6-aminopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid compound having a (6R)-amino substituent. The active nucleus common to all penicillins, it may be substituted at the 6-amino position to form the semisynthetic penicillins, resulting in a variety of antibacterial and pharmacologic characteristics. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; penicillanic acids | allergen |
| lithium carbonate Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems. | 5.8 | 4 | 2 | carbonate salt; lithium salt | antimanic drug |
| lignoceric acid lignoceric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetracosanoic acid : A C24 straight-chain saturated fatty acid. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | straight-chain saturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid | Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| glycerylphosphorylcholine Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed) | 4.18 | 16 | 0 | glycerophosphocholine | |
| congo red Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | bis(azo) compound | |
| 2-chloropropionic acid 2-chloropropionic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified chlorine locant; structure | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 2-anthramine 2-anthramine: structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | anthracenamine | |
| acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. | 5.06 | 3 | 1 | acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary |
| ethyl pyruvate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | oxo carboxylic acid | |
| lithium citrate lithium citrate: RN given refers to the trilithium salt. lithium citrate (anhydrous) : A lithium salt that is the anhydrous form of the trilithium salt of citric acid. The tetrahydrate form is used as a source of lithium for the treatment of anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and depression. | 3.36 | 2 | 0 | lithium salt | |
| cytidine diphosphate choline Cytidine Diphosphate Choline: Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides. | 4.36 | 1 | 1 | nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s; phosphocholines | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| ethyldimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide: Carbodiimide cross-linking reagent. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methionine sulfoximine methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine . | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | methionine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide | |
| amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. | 4.13 | 3 | 1 | aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
| thioflavin t thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt | fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye |
| fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | fucopyranose; L-fucose | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase | 3.41 | 1 | 1 | dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity | antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| carbenicillin disodium [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide | EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer |
| n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration. | 5.04 | 13 | 0 | amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound | neurotransmitter agent |
| manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4. | 4.77 | 9 | 0 | elemental manganese; manganese group element atom | Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient |
| argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent |
| cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom | |
| chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24. | 3.81 | 2 | 1 | chromium group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors. | 5.1 | 10 | 1 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic. | 4.8 | 2 | 1 | monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | |
| cupric chloride cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | copper molecular entity; inorganic chloride | EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor |
| camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source | 3.47 | 1 | 1 | delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite |
| deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | dihydrogen | |
| chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity | bleaching agent |
| deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes. | 2 | 1 | 0 | deuterated compound; water | NMR solvent |
| thallium chloride thallium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | inorganic chloride; thallium molecular entity | |
| ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ammonium salt; inorganic chloride | ferroptosis inhibitor |
| cysteic acid Cysteic Acid: Beta-Sulfoalanine. An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate. It occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.. cysteic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine. | 2 | 1 | 0 | alanine derivative; amino sulfonic acid; carboxyalkanesulfonic acid; cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | animal metabolite |
| levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole | antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator |
| tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator |
| 1-deoxynojirimycin 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol; piperidine alkaloid | anti-HIV agent; anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite |
| phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 9 | 26 | 1 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
| glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. | 20.22 | 558 | 33 | glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical |
| alovudine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | |
| nigericin Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | polycyclic ether | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore |
| zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase. | 3.8 | 2 | 1 | azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| ticarcillin Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename | 5.81 | 2 | 2 | 1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide | anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| nimustine Nimustine: Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms.. nimustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl] group. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| quisqualic acid Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines | antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| pergolide Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction. | 3.42 | 1 | 1 | diamine; methyl sulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist |
| miglustat miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary amino compound | anti-HIV agent; EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). | 3.53 | 1 | 1 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring) | anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug |
| simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic) | EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug |
| pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic) | anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic |
| atomoxetine hydrochloride Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant |
| raloxifene hydrochloride Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| gusperimus gusperimus: synthesized by chemical modification of spergualin; in combination with cyclosporin A prevents diabetes in predisposed NOD mice; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (-)-isomer trihydrochloride | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| fluorodopa f 18 fluorodopa F 18: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | 3.01 | 1 | 0 | (18)F radiopharmaceutical; 6-fluoro-L-dopa | |
| lamivudine [no description available] | 3.41 | 1 | 1 | monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol | allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug |
| duloxetine hydrochloride Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration. | 5.39 | 2 | 2 | duloxetine hydrochloride | antidepressant |
| irinotecan [no description available] | 3.47 | 1 | 1 | carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| venlafaxine hydrochloride Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| n-acetylserine acetyl-L-serine : An acetyl-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is L-serine.. N-acetyl-L-serine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is L-serine. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | acetyl-L-serine; N-acetyl-L-amino acid | human metabolite |
| estradiol 3,17-disulfate estradiol 3,17-disulfate: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | steroid sulfate | |
| triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | 1,2,3-triazole | |
| fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162) | 3.98 | 13 | 0 | 2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose | |
| sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins | antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| tianeptine tianeptine: structure given in first source. tianeptine : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tianeptine. It is an atypical antidepressant used in Europe to treat patients who respond poorly to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).. 7-[(3-chloro-6-methyl-5,5-dioxido-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepin-11-yl)amino]heptanoic acid : A member of the class of dibenzothiazepines that is 3-chloro-6-methyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide substituted by a (6-carboxyhexyl)amino group at position 11.. (S)-tianeptine : The S-enantiomer of tianeptine. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | dibenzothiazepine; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | |
| triheptanoin [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-acetylglutamic acid N-acetylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid : An N-acyl-L-amino acid that is L-glutamic acid in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group. | 9.98 | 12 | 0 | N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acyl-L-glutamic acid | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| acamprosate Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | acetamides; organosulfonic acid | environmental contaminant; neurotransmitter agent; xenobiotic |
| betamipron [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| ranimustine ranimustine: RN given refers to (alpha)-(D)-isomer; structure | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| 5-(n-methyl-n-isobutyl)amiloride 5-(N-methyl-N-isobutyl)amiloride: inhibitor of the Na+-H+ antiporter | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-acetylhistidine N-acetylhistidine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetylhistidine : A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens of the alpha-amino group is substituted by an acetyl group.. N-acetyl-L-histidine : A histidine derivative that is L-histidine having an acetyl substituent on the alpha-nitrogen. | 4.53 | 4 | 0 | L-histidine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acetylhistidine | animal metabolite |
| rivastigmine [no description available] | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound | cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
| n-hydroxysuccinimide N-hydroxysuccinimide: structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | iditol | fungal metabolite |
| homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration. | 4.1 | 3 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid | fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 3-hydroxybutyric acid (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid : The R-enantiomer of 3-hydroxybutyric acid. Involved in the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, it can be used as an energy source by the brain during hypoglycaemia, and for the synthesis of biodegradable plastics. It is a sex pheremone in the European spider Linyphia triangularis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 3-hydroxybutyric acid; ketone body | fungal metabolite; human metabolite; pheromone |
| mci 9038 [no description available] | 4.3 | 1 | 1 | peptide | |
| n(alpha)-acetyllysine N(alpha)-acetyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. acetyl-L-lysine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-lysine.. N(2)-acetyl-L-lysine : An acetyl-L-lysine where the acetyl group is located at the N(2)-posiiton. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | acetyl-L-lysine; amino acid zwitterion | human metabolite |
| arabitol arabitol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. arabinitol : A pentitol that is the sugar alcohol produced by the reduction of arabinose or lyxose. It is found in serum or urine of human infected with Candida albicans.. D-arabinitol : The D-enantiomer of arabinitol. | 2 | 1 | 0 | arabinitol | |
| (S)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (S)-3-hydroxybutyric acid : The S-enantiomer of 3-hydroxybutyric acid; a normal human metabolite, that has been found elevated in geriatric patients remitting from depression. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 3-hydroxybutyric acid | |
| N-Acetyl-DL-aspartic acid [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aspartic acid derivative | |
| n-acetylasparagine N-acetylasparagine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | asparagine derivative | |
| 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid : A valine derivative that is valine in which the amino group has been replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite |
| cerebronic acid cerebronic acid : A very long-chain hydroxy fatty acid composed of lignoceric acid having a 2-hydroxy substituent. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy fatty acid; straight-chain fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid | |
| cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | cobalt group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; secondary amino compound | metabolite |
| carbidopa, levodopa drug combination [no description available] | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | ||
| fluo-3 Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | xanthene dye | fluorochrome |
| beta-n-methylamino-l-alanine beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine: glutamate agonist. L-BMAA : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methylamino group. A non-proteinogenic amino acid produced by cyanobacteria, it is a neurotoxin that has been postulated as a possible cause of neurodegenerative disorders of aging such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS-PDC) syndrome of Guam. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | diamino acid; L-alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound | bacterial metabolite; neurotoxin |
| 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate | |
| inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate: for cpd without numerical locants of phosphate groups, index INOSITOL PHOSPHATES. 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate : A myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate having the four phosphates placed in the 1-, 3-, 4- and 5-positions. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | inositol phosphate | |
| hypotaurine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | aminosulfinic acid; zwitterion | human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| fingolimod hydrochloride Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.. fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod). | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist |
| deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | ||
| 3beta-(n-(n',n'-dimethylaminoethane)carbamoyl)cholesterol 3-(N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)carbamoyl)cholesterol: used to prepare sonicated liposomes | 3.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pramipexole Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzothiazoles; diamine | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; radical scavenger |
| gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-n,n',n'',n'''-tetraacetate gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetate: RN refers to Na salt | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| inositol 2,4,5-trisphosphate [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminoethyl)carbodiimide 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminoethyl)carbodiimide: carboxyl modifying agent | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n,n-dimethylarginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor |
| glycerophosphoethanolamine glycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine: a membrane lipid degradation product | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | phosphoethanolamine; sn-glycerol 3-phosphates | |
| phosphonium choline phosphonium choline: the phosphonium analog of choline where a phosphonium group replaced the natural ammonium group; structure given in first source; RN given refers to the chloride | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9h-purin-9-yl)-1,3-dioxolane-2-methanol 4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-1,3-dioxolane-2-methanol: RN given for (2R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methotrexate [no description available] | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines | abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent |
| phytol [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tipifarnib [no description available] | 3.48 | 1 | 1 | imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound; quinolone | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor |
| carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | carbodiimide | |
| biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | biotins; vitamin B7 | coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| gabaculine gabaculine: potent inhibitor of aminobutyrate aminotransferase from Streptomyces toyocaensis.; also inhibits a variety of PLP-dependent aminotransferases; structure; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (S)-gabaculine : The (S)-enantiomer of gabaculine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 5-aminocyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid | bacterial metabolite; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor |
| atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| homocysteic acid homocysteic acid: promotes growth in hypophysectomized rats; RN given refers to parent cpd. homocysteic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid.. L-homocysteic acid : A homocysteic acid with L-configuration. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | homocysteic acid | NMDA receptor agonist |
| 3-hydroxyglutaric acid 3-hydroxyglutaric acid : A 3 hydroxy carboxylic acid that is glutaric acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is a diagnostic marker for glutaric aciduria type I. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid | human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite |
| aceglutamide N-acetyl-L-glutamine : An N(2)-acetylglutamine that has L-configuration. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N(2)-acetylglutamine; N(2)-acyl-L-glutamine | human metabolite |
| isospaglumic acid isospaglumic acid: mediator in the sensitivity of animals to hyperbaric oxygenation; Naaxia is the tradename; apparently can have both a neuroprotective and a neurotoxic effect. Ac-Asp-Glu : A dipeptide composed of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid joined by a peptide linkage. | 14.4 | 145 | 10 | dipeptide | human metabolite |
| beta-citrylglutamic acid beta-citrylglutamic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. beta-citrylglutamic acid : An N-acyl-L-glutamic acid in which the acyl group is specified as beta-citryl. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | human metabolite; iron chelator |
| cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12. | 2.97 | 1 | 0 | 12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion. | 3.65 | 3 | 0 | inorganic chloride; lithium salt | antimanic drug; geroprotector |
| glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | ||
| carnosine polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth | 5.11 | 5 | 2 | amino acid zwitterion; dipeptide | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Daphnia magna metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour. | 3.5 | 1 | 1 | heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone | oxytocic; vasodilator agent |
| inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin. | 2 | 1 | 0 | myo-inositol trisphosphate | mouse metabolite |
| ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| alpha-hydroxyglutarate, (l)-isomer [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxyglutaric acid | |
| netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| genipin [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | iridoid monoterpenoid | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; hepatotoxic agent; uncoupling protein inhibitor |
| ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative | Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent |
| tibolone tibolone: used in prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. tibolone : Estran-3-one with a double bond between positions 5 and 10, and bearing both an ethynyl group and a hydroxy group at position 17 (R-configuration). A synthetic steroid hormone drug which acts as an agonist at all five type I steroid hormone receptors, it is used in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and for treatment of endometriosis. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | bone density conservation agent; hormone agonist |
| acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent. | 3.89 | 11 | 0 | acyl-CoA | acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite |
| fumaric acid fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | butenedioic acid | food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
| resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | resveratrol | antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. | 6.39 | 7 | 1 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17. | 4.34 | 1 | 1 | icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES). | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms). | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | flavin; vitamin B2 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| sodium benzoate Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion. | 2.92 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | stilbene | |
| phenyl-n-tert-butylnitrone phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone: a spin-trapping agent | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4. | 3.48 | 1 | 1 | olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols | antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite |
| buprenorphine Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain. | 3.47 | 1 | 1 | morphinane alkaloid | delta-opioid receptor antagonist; kappa-opioid receptor antagonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| ferric ferrocyanide ferric ferrocyanide: antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tamoxifen [no description available] | 3.81 | 2 | 1 | stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| nadp [no description available] | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | ||
| thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic |
| estrone sulfate estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| maraviroc [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | tropane alkaloid | |
| lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER. | 7.67 | 8 | 5 | alkali metal atom | |
| raclopride Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist. | 2 | 1 | 0 | salicylamides | |
| ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool. | 2 | 1 | 0 | quinoxaline derivative | |
| 3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol 3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol: (-)-CP-55,940 and (+)-CP-56,667 are enantiomers; RN refers to CP-55,940 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene; ring assembly | |
| myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes. | 6.86 | 7 | 1 | ||
| sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | sphing-4-enine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| bilirubin [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | biladienes; dicarboxylic acid | antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic |
| linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 3.27 | 1 | 0 | octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite |
| ubiquinone 9 ubiquinone 9: a form of coenzyme Q found in many foods; RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ubiquinones | antioxidant; human metabolite |
| harmine Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | harmala alkaloid | anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| harman harman: a beta-carboline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. harman : An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | harmala alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid | anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide 17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid : A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 17 via a glycosidic linkage. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 3-hydroxy steroid; steroid glucosiduronic acid | |
| granisetron Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting. | 3.44 | 1 | 1 | aromatic amide; indazoles | |
| sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent. | 2 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol | antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor |
| morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| nateglinide Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | phenylalanine derivative | |
| fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime | antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb. | 3.13 | 5 | 0 | carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom | neurotoxin |
| thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot). | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | boron group element atom | |
| dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough. | 2.92 | 1 | 0 | 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene | antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic |
| cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cysteinium | fundamental metabolite |
| phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions. | 5.53 | 22 | 0 | monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen | macronutrient |
| 6-(1h-imidazol-1-yl)-7-nitro-2,3(1h,4h)-quinoxalinedione 6-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-7-nitro-2,3(1H,4H)-quinoxalinedione: inhibits AMPA receptor binding; structure given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| triolein Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | triglyceride | Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mastoparan [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | mastoparans; peptidyl amide | antimicrobial agent |
| dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid. | 3.39 | 7 | 0 | maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant | anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| antimycin a Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | amidobenzoic acid | |
| everolimus [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor |
| gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706) | 4.36 | 20 | 0 | gadolinium coordination entity | MRI contrast agent |
| sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid | calcium ionophore; metabolite |
| phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group. | 16.72 | 336 | 22 | phosphagen; phosphoamino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| davunetide davunetide: AL-108 is a nasal systemic formulation; AL-208 is an intravenous formulation; associated with glial proteins regulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide, are shown now to provide protective intervention in a model of fetal alcohol syndrome | 4.39 | 1 | 1 | oligopeptide | |
| chf 5074 1-(3',4'-dichloro-2-fluoro(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid: a beta-amyloid(1-42) lowering agent; structure in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phenobarbital sodium 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid: an N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) antagonist | 3.83 | 3 | 0 | ||
| homocarnosine homocarnosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. homocarnosine : A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group has been replaced by a 4-aminobutanoyl group. | 5.11 | 5 | 2 | dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; homocarnosine; L-histidine derivative; N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid anion; N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid | human metabolite |
| ro 16-0154 iomazenil: potential benzodiazepine receptor imaging tracer for SPECT; structure given in first source; RN given refers to 123I-labeled cpd; RN for unlabeled cpd not avail 10/90 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ly 341495 LY 341495: structure in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose | |
| losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m exametazime Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime: A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES. | 5.21 | 4 | 1 | ||
| scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 24-hydroxycholesterol 24-hydroxycholesterol : An oxysterol that is cholesterol which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 24. | 3.12 | 1 | 0 | 24-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; oxysterol | |
| nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion | cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cosyntropin Cosyntropin: A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.. cosyntropin : A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety. | 3.09 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
| ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals. | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | ||
| bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide | |
| sodium lactate Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | lactate salt; organic sodium salt | food acidity regulator; food preservative |
| sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt | antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison |
| penicillin g sodium [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic cation; sulfonium compound | coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| quetiapine fumarate Quetiapine Fumarate: A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER. | 4.7 | 3 | 2 | fumarate salt | |
| inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate(6-) : The hexaanion of 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | inositol phosphate oxoanion | human metabolite |
| piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines. | 5.59 | 3 | 2 | ||
| heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| o-(2-fluoroethyl)tyrosine O-(2-fluoroethyl)tyrosine: structure in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | ascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| laquinimod [no description available] | 4.4 | 1 | 1 | aromatic amide | |
| citrinin Citrinin: Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aluminosilicate mineral; mixture | antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient |
| cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| apyrase Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined | 2.79 | 3 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid: A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the diagnostic imaging of the renal cortex. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient |
| clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. | 3.27 | 6 | 0 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound | adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic |
| dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration. | 4.58 | 5 | 1 | dacarbazine | |
| didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS. | 3.8 | 2 | 1 | purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4. | 4.1 | 3 | 1 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| inosine pranobex Inosine Pranobex: An alkylamino-alcohol complex of inosine used in the treatment of a variety of viral infections. Unlike other antiviral agents, it acts by modifying or stimulating cell-mediated immune processes rather than acting on the virus directly. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| phosphocreatinine phosphocreatinine: cyclic deriv of phosphocreatine; RN given refers to parent cpd | 4.68 | 6 | 1 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| carbidopa Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself.. carbidopa : The hydrate of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa. | 4.36 | 2 | 2 | ||
| phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 7.74 | 12 | 2 |
| Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 12.74 | 12 | 2 |
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 6.08 | 6 | 1 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 6.08 | 6 | 1 |
| Anemia, Fanconi [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004) | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 17.28 | 282 | 13 |
| Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available] | 0 | 11.68 | 49 | 5 |
| Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. | 0 | 17.28 | 282 | 13 |
| Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures. | 0 | 11.68 | 49 | 5 |
| Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available] | 0 | 14.82 | 145 | 11 |
| Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. | 0 | 11.89 | 115 | 6 |
| Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57) | 0 | 14.82 | 145 | 11 |
| Cognitive Decline [description not available] | 0 | 7.31 | 35 | 0 |
| Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function. | 0 | 7.31 | 35 | 0 |
| Adolescent Obesity [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by frontal and temporal lobe atrophy associated with neuronal loss, gliosis, and dementia. Patients exhibit progressive changes in social, behavioral, and/or language function. Multiple subtypes or forms are recognized based on presence or absence of TAU PROTEIN inclusions. FTLD includes three clinical syndromes: FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA, semantic dementia, and PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE NONFLUENT APHASIA. | 0 | 4.18 | 3 | 1 |
| Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthritis, Juvenile Arthritis in children, with onset before 16 years of age. The terms juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refer to classification systems for chronic arthritis in children. Only one subtype of juvenile arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Psychoses [description not available] | 0 | 8.32 | 33 | 0 |
| Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994) | 0 | 8.32 | 33 | 0 |
| Cerebral Microangiopathies [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases Pathological processes or diseases where cerebral MICROVESSELS show abnormalities. They are often associated with aging, hypertension and risk factors for lacunar infarcts (see LACUNAR INFARCTION); LEUKOARAIOSIS; and CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Devic Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.08 | 4 | 0 |
| Neuromyelitis Optica A syndrome characterized by acute OPTIC NEURITIS; MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE; demyelinating and/or necrotizing lesions in the OPTIC NERVES and SPINAL CORD; and presence of specific autoantibodies to AQUAPORIN 4. | 0 | 3.08 | 4 | 0 |
| Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available] | 0 | 15.55 | 104 | 14 |
| Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY. | 0 | 11.87 | 58 | 7 |
| Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence. | 0 | 15.55 | 104 | 14 |
| Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5) | 0 | 11.87 | 58 | 7 |
| Drug Refractory Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 3 | 0 |
| Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood [description not available] | 0 | 12.32 | 100 | 9 |
| Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321). | 0 | 12.32 | 100 | 9 |
| Dementia Praecox [description not available] | 0 | 18.95 | 209 | 37 |
| Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior. | 0 | 18.95 | 209 | 37 |
| Alcohol Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 11.27 | 38 | 4 |
| Cannabis Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 5.31 | 7 | 0 |
| Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4) | 0 | 11.27 | 38 | 4 |
| Marijuana Abuse Use of marijuana associated with abnormal psychological, social, and or occupational functioning. | 0 | 5.31 | 7 | 0 |
| ACY2 Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 13.39 | 97 | 1 |
| Canavan Disease A rare neurodegenerative condition of infancy or childhood characterized by white matter vacuolization and demeylination that gives rise to a spongy appearance. Aspartoacylase deficiency leads to an accumulation of N-acetylaspartate in astrocytes. Inheritance may be autosomal recessive or the illness may occur sporadically. This illness occurs more frequently in individuals of Ashkenazic Jewish descent. The neonatal form features the onset of hypotonia and lethargy at birth, rapidly progressing to coma and death. The infantile form features developmental delay, DYSKINESIAS, hypotonia, spasticity, blindness, and megalencephaly. The juvenile form is characterized by ATAXIA; OPTIC ATROPHY; and DEMENTIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p944; Am J Med Genet 1988 Feb;29(2):463-71) | 0 | 13.39 | 97 | 1 |
| Brain Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 11.31 | 85 | 2 |
| Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM. | 0 | 11.31 | 85 | 2 |
| Nervous System Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 7.85 | 19 | 1 |
| Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. | 0 | 7.85 | 19 | 1 |
| Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available] | 0 | 6.36 | 14 | 0 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 11.61 | 140 | 0 |
| Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available] | 0 | 11.07 | 50 | 6 |
| Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75) | 0 | 11.07 | 50 | 6 |
| Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures. | 0 | 6.36 | 14 | 0 |
| Glial Cell Tumors [description not available] | 0 | 13.77 | 128 | 4 |
| Aqueductal Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.34 | 7 | 0 |
| Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available] | 0 | 9.78 | 35 | 4 |
| Brain Ventricular Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.15 | 5 | 0 |
| Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21) | 0 | 13.77 | 128 | 4 |
| Absence Seizure [description not available] | 0 | 5.95 | 24 | 1 |
| Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder. | 0 | 5.95 | 24 | 1 |
| Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 15.35 | 171 | 21 |
| Recrudescence [description not available] | 0 | 6.93 | 20 | 4 |
| Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders. | 0 | 7.77 | 33 | 2 |
| Chronic Pancreatitis [description not available] | 0 | 4.82 | 2 | 1 |
| Colicky Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Pancreatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse. | 0 | 4.82 | 2 | 1 |
| Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked [description not available] | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Amblyopia, Developmental [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Congenital Nystagmus [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Amblyopia A nonspecific term referring to impaired vision. Major subcategories include stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia and toxic amblyopia. Stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex. A discrepancy between visual information received by the visual cortex from each eye results in abnormal cortical development. STRABISMUS and REFRACTIVE ERRORS may cause this condition. Toxic amblyopia is a disorder of the OPTIC NERVE which is associated with ALCOHOLISM, tobacco SMOKING, and other toxins and as an adverse effect of the use of some medications. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Insulin Sensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 2.61 | 2 | 0 |
| Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS. | 0 | 2.61 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Disease Exacerbation [description not available] | 0 | 16 | 153 | 11 |
| ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 12.52 | 59 | 6 |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94) | 0 | 12.52 | 59 | 6 |
| Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes. | 0 | 18.43 | 92 | 4 |
| HIV Coinfection [description not available] | 0 | 9.12 | 37 | 3 |
| HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). | 0 | 9.12 | 37 | 3 |
| Pain, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 3.9 | 2 | 1 |
| Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain. | 0 | 3.9 | 2 | 1 |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V) | 0 | 5.6 | 9 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available] | 0 | 5.08 | 15 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY. | 0 | 5.08 | 15 | 0 |
| Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions. | 0 | 3.65 | 9 | 0 |
| Acetonemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries, Radiation [description not available] | 0 | 7.29 | 23 | 1 |
| Epileptiform Neuralgia [description not available] | 0 | 2.55 | 2 | 0 |
| Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. | 0 | 6.83 | 17 | 0 |
| Trigeminal Neuralgia A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187) | 0 | 2.55 | 2 | 0 |
| Burnout, Professional An excessive stress reaction to one's occupational or professional environment. It may be characterized by feelings of emotional and physical exhaustion, coupled with a sense of frustration and failure. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Job Stress [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Adjustment Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Adjustment Disorders Maladaptive reactions to identifiable psychosocial stressors occurring within a short time after onset of the stressor. They are manifested by either impairment in social or occupational functioning or by symptoms (depression, anxiety, etc.) that are in excess of a normal and expected reaction to the stressor. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Brain Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 11.05 | 89 | 5 |
| Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 4.33 | 4 | 1 |
| Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits. | 0 | 11.05 | 89 | 5 |
| Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 10.91 | 35 | 2 |
| Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions. | 0 | 10.91 | 35 | 2 |
| Constriction, Pathological [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Basilar Artery Insufficiency [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions. | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 6 | 0 |
| Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION. | 0 | 3.28 | 6 | 0 |
| Common Migraine [description not available] | 0 | 4.15 | 3 | 1 |
| Migraine without Aura Recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches, not preceded or accompanied by an aura, in attacks lasting 4-72 hours. It is characterized by PAIN of moderate to severe intensity; aggravated by physical activity; and associated with NAUSEA and / or PHOTOPHOBIA and PHONOPHOBIA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) | 0 | 4.15 | 3 | 1 |
| Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available] | 0 | 4.88 | 11 | 0 |
| Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. | 0 | 4.88 | 11 | 0 |
| Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available] | 0 | 8.23 | 17 | 1 |
| Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5) | 0 | 8.23 | 17 | 1 |
| Hyponatremia Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 4.12 | 3 | 1 |
| Allodynia [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Nerve Pain [description not available] | 0 | 3.19 | 5 | 0 |
| Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used. | 0 | 2.81 | 3 | 0 |
| Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve. | 0 | 3.19 | 5 | 0 |
| Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity. | 0 | 2.81 | 3 | 0 |
| Itching [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug-Induced Cochlear Toxicity [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Ototoxicity Damage to the EAR or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Depression, Endogenous [description not available] | 0 | 9.04 | 21 | 1 |
| Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent. | 0 | 9.04 | 21 | 1 |
| Psychoses, Drug [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Anasarca [description not available] | 0 | 3.3 | 6 | 0 |
| Metastase [description not available] | 0 | 4.35 | 7 | 0 |
| Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. | 0 | 3.3 | 6 | 0 |
| Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site. | 0 | 4.35 | 7 | 0 |
| Acute Ischemic Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Ischemic Stroke Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 7.77 | 18 | 4 |
| Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive A form of multiple sclerosis characterized by a progressive deterioration in neurologic function which is in contrast to the more typical relapsing remitting form. If the clinical course is free of distinct remissions, it is referred to as primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When the progressive decline is punctuated by acute exacerbations, it is referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis. The term secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is used when relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis evolves into the chronic progressive form. (From Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl:S73-S79; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914) | 0 | 7.77 | 18 | 4 |
| Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available] | 0 | 5.1 | 10 | 1 |
| Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3) | 0 | 5.1 | 10 | 1 |
| Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 11.09 | 55 | 6 |
| Lassitude [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 10 | 0 |
| Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. | 0 | 3.8 | 10 | 0 |
| Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914) | 0 | 11.09 | 55 | 6 |
| 47,XX,+21 [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 7 | 0 |
| Down Syndrome A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213) | 0 | 3.4 | 7 | 0 |
| Amyloid Deposits [description not available] | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 16.21 | 96 | 28 |
| Apoplexy [description not available] | 0 | 10.51 | 37 | 8 |
| Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 16.21 | 96 | 28 |
| Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810) | 0 | 10.51 | 37 | 8 |
| MELAS [description not available] | 0 | 4.57 | 9 | 0 |
| MELAS Syndrome A mitochondrial disorder characterized by focal or generalized seizures, episodes of transient or persistent neurologic dysfunction resembling strokes, and ragged-red fibers on muscle biopsy. Affected individuals tend to be normal at birth through early childhood, then experience growth failure, episodic vomiting, and recurrent cerebral insults resulting in visual loss and hemiparesis. The cortical lesions tend to occur in the parietal and occipital lobes and are not associated with vascular occlusion. VASCULAR HEADACHE is frequently associated and the disorder tends to be familial. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch56, p117) | 0 | 4.57 | 9 | 0 |
| Blood Pressure, High [description not available] | 0 | 3.54 | 8 | 0 |
| Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. | 0 | 3.54 | 8 | 0 |
| Astrocytosis [description not available] | 0 | 5.94 | 24 | 1 |
| Cancer of Ovary [description not available] | 0 | 3.16 | 5 | 0 |
| Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS. | 0 | 3.16 | 5 | 0 |
| Brain Stem Neoplasms, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 4.47 | 8 | 0 |
| Brain Stem Neoplasms Benign and malignant intra-axial tumors of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; or MEDULLA OBLONGATA of the BRAIN STEM. Primary and metastatic neoplasms may occur in this location. Clinical features include ATAXIA, cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES), NAUSEA, hemiparesis (see HEMIPLEGIA), and quadriparesis. Primary brain stem neoplasms are more frequent in children. Histologic subtypes include GLIOMA; HEMANGIOBLASTOMA; GANGLIOGLIOMA; and EPENDYMOMA. | 0 | 4.47 | 8 | 0 |
| Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat. | 0 | 2.78 | 3 | 0 |
| Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY). | 0 | 3.32 | 6 | 0 |
| MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available] | 0 | 17.07 | 154 | 16 |
| Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903) | 0 | 22.07 | 154 | 16 |
| Cataract, Membranous [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates). | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Encephalitis, JC Polyomavirus [description not available] | 0 | 3.63 | 9 | 0 |
| Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal An opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system associated with conditions that impair cell-mediated immunity (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; and COLLAGEN DISEASES). The causative organism is JC Polyomavirus (JC VIRUS) which primarily affects oligodendrocytes, resulting in multiple areas of demyelination. Clinical manifestations include DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; visual disturbances; and other focal neurologic deficits, generally progressing to a vegetative state within 6 months. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7) | 0 | 3.63 | 9 | 0 |
| Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma [description not available] | 0 | 7.18 | 19 | 2 |
| Oligodendroglioma A relatively slow-growing glioma that is derived from oligodendrocytes and tends to occur in the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, or lateral ventricle. They may present at any age, but are most frequent in the third to fifth decades, with an earlier incidence peak in the first decade. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, relatively avascular, and tend to form cysts and microcalcifications. Neoplastic cells tend to have small round nuclei surrounded by unstained nuclei. The tumors may vary from well-differentiated to highly anaplastic forms. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2052; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p655) | 0 | 7.18 | 19 | 2 |
| Post-Natal Depression [description not available] | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Depression, Postpartum Depression in POSTPARTUM WOMEN, usually within four weeks after giving birth (PARTURITION). The degree of depression ranges from mild transient depression to neurotic or psychotic depressive disorders. (From DSM-IV, p386) | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Cervical Spondylosis [description not available] | 0 | 5.57 | 8 | 2 |
| Spondylosis A degenerative spinal disease that can involve any part of the VERTEBRA, the INTERVERTEBRAL DISK, and the surrounding soft tissue. | 0 | 5.57 | 8 | 2 |
| Capillary Telangiectasia, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 2.54 | 2 | 0 |
| Bilateral Headache [description not available] | 0 | 5.47 | 5 | 1 |
| Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS. | 0 | 5.47 | 5 | 1 |
| CADASILM A subvariety of CADASIL characterized by the high frequency of MIGRAINE. The acronym stands for Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts, Leukoencephalopathy, and Migraine. | 0 | 3.4 | 2 | 0 |
| CADASIL A familial, cerebral arteriopathy mapped to chromosome 19q12, and characterized by the presence of granular deposits in small CEREBRAL ARTERIES producing ischemic STROKE; PSEUDOBULBAR PALSY; and multiple subcortical infarcts (CEREBRAL INFARCTION). CADASIL is an acronym for Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy. CADASIL differs from BINSWANGER DISEASE by the presence of MIGRAINE WITH AURA and usually by the lack of history of arterial HYPERTENSION. (From Bradley et al, Neurology in Clinical Practice, 2000, p1146) | 0 | 3.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment. | 0 | 16.19 | 161 | 39 |
| Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways. | 0 | 10.44 | 66 | 1 |
| Disbacteriosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Cocaine Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 3.14 | 5 | 0 |
| Cocaine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine. | 0 | 3.14 | 5 | 0 |
| Hemiplegia, Crossed [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 6 | 0 |
| Hemiplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body. | 0 | 3.28 | 6 | 0 |
| Child Mental Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 4.24 | 3 | 1 |
| Neurodevelopmental Disorders These are a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period. The disorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. (From DSM-5). | 0 | 4.24 | 3 | 1 |
| Celiac Sprue [description not available] | 0 | 2.78 | 3 | 0 |
| Adiadochokinesis [description not available] | 0 | 3.42 | 7 | 0 |
| Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION. | 0 | 2.78 | 3 | 0 |
| Cerebellar Ataxia Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90) | 0 | 3.42 | 7 | 0 |
| Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available] | 0 | 4.73 | 11 | 0 |
| Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions. | 0 | 4.73 | 11 | 0 |
| Action Tremor [description not available] | 0 | 3.42 | 7 | 0 |
| Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE. | 0 | 3.42 | 7 | 0 |
| Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.57 | 2 | 0 |
| Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle. | 0 | 2.57 | 2 | 0 |
| Cyclothymia [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 3 | 0 |
| Addiction, Opioid [description not available] | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS. | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Craniofacial Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Facial Pain Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES. | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| ARSA Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 5.03 | 3 | 1 |
| Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic An autosomal recessive metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of CEREBROSIDE-SULFATASE leading to intralysosomal accumulation of cerebroside sulfate (SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS) in the nervous system and other organs. Pathological features include diffuse demyelination, and metachromatically-staining granules in many cell types such as the GLIAL CELLS. There are several allelic and nonallelic forms with a variety of neurological symptoms. | 0 | 5.03 | 3 | 1 |
| Aura [description not available] | 0 | 9.69 | 46 | 2 |
| Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313) | 0 | 9.69 | 46 | 2 |
| Diseases in Twins Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age. | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
| Child Development Deviations [description not available] | 0 | 6.73 | 21 | 1 |
| Developmental Disabilities Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed) | 0 | 6.73 | 21 | 1 |
| Cortical Lewy Body Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 6 | 0 |
| Prodromal Characteristics [description not available] | 0 | 4.13 | 5 | 0 |
| Lewy Body Disease A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124) | 0 | 3.33 | 6 | 0 |
| Anhedonia Inability to experience pleasure due to impairment or dysfunction of normal psychological and neurobiological mechanisms. It is a symptom of many PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (e.g., DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; and SCHIZOPHRENIA). | 0 | 2.86 | 3 | 0 |
| Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 7.53 | 21 | 1 |
| Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions. | 0 | 7.53 | 21 | 1 |
| Cerebral Ischemia [description not available] | 0 | 11.21 | 90 | 3 |
| Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 4.53 | 9 | 0 |
| Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION. | 0 | 11.21 | 90 | 3 |
| Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA. | 0 | 4.53 | 9 | 0 |
| Anankastic Personality [description not available] | 0 | 7.77 | 34 | 2 |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension. | 0 | 7.77 | 34 | 2 |
| Abdominal Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 7.42 | 27 | 1 |
| Epilepsies, Partial Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317) | 0 | 7.42 | 27 | 1 |
| Gambling, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 3.56 | 1 | 1 |
| Gambling An activity distinguished primarily by an element of risk in trying to obtain a desired goal, e.g., playing a game of chance for money. | 0 | 3.56 | 1 | 1 |
| Abdominal Migraine [description not available] | 0 | 4.6 | 9 | 0 |
| Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) | 0 | 4.6 | 9 | 0 |
| Acute Onset Vascular Dementia [description not available] | 0 | 9.13 | 18 | 4 |
| Dementia, Vascular An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44) | 0 | 9.13 | 18 | 4 |
| Hallucination of Body Sensation [description not available] | 0 | 4.85 | 7 | 1 |
| Hallucinations Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS. | 0 | 4.85 | 7 | 1 |
| Amnesia-Memory Loss [description not available] | 0 | 5.13 | 10 | 1 |
| Cerebral Palsy, Athetoid [description not available] | 0 | 3.43 | 7 | 0 |
| Anoxia, Fetal [description not available] | 0 | 2.96 | 4 | 0 |
| Amnesia Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7) | 0 | 5.13 | 10 | 1 |
| Cerebral Palsy A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7) | 0 | 3.43 | 7 | 0 |
| Fetal Hypoxia Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD. | 0 | 2.96 | 4 | 0 |
| Autosomal Dominant Cerebellar Ataxia, Type II [description not available] | 0 | 7.17 | 14 | 1 |
| Acquired Metabolic Diseases, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 7.9 | 25 | 2 |
| Spinocerebellar Ataxias A group of predominately late-onset, cerebellar ataxias which have been divided into multiple subtypes based on clinical features and genetic mapping. Progressive ataxia is a central feature of these conditions, and in certain subtypes POLYNEUROPATHY; DYSARTHRIA; visual loss; and other disorders may develop. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch65, pp 12-17; J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1998 Jun;57(6):531-43) | 0 | 7.17 | 14 | 1 |
| Brain Damage, Chronic A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions. | 0 | 5.86 | 14 | 0 |
| Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 9.46 | 38 | 1 |
| Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system. | 0 | 9.46 | 38 | 1 |
| Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.94 | 4 | 0 |
| Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. | 0 | 2.94 | 4 | 0 |
| Amphetamine Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 7.91 | 15 | 2 |
| Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS. | 0 | 5.29 | 12 | 1 |
| Amphetamine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines. | 0 | 7.91 | 15 | 2 |
| Dementias, Transmissible [description not available] | 0 | 3.16 | 5 | 0 |
| Asthma, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 3.85 | 2 | 1 |
| Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL). | 0 | 3.85 | 2 | 1 |
| Suicidal Ideation A risk factor for suicide attempts and completions, it is the most common of all suicidal behavior, but only a minority of ideators engage in overt self-harm. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 8.75 | 29 | 1 |
| Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month. | 0 | 8.75 | 29 | 1 |
| Deafness, Transitory [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.81 | 3 | 0 |
| Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris. | 0 | 2.81 | 3 | 0 |
| Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye. | 0 | 3.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available] | 0 | 3.12 | 1 | 0 |
| Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed) | 0 | 3.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma. | 0 | 3.12 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired-Immune Deficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex [description not available] | 0 | 8.99 | 40 | 4 |
| AIDS Dementia Complex A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40) | 0 | 8.99 | 40 | 4 |
| Diathesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.95 | 13 | 0 |
| Angioblastic Meningioma [description not available] | 0 | 4.4 | 21 | 0 |
| Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord. | 0 | 3.95 | 13 | 0 |
| Meningioma A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7) | 0 | 4.4 | 21 | 0 |
| Brain Swelling [description not available] | 0 | 7.75 | 34 | 0 |
| Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6) | 0 | 7.75 | 34 | 0 |
| Failure to Thrive A condition of substandard growth or diminished capacity to maintain normal function. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Microcephaly A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.) | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking. | 0 | 5.06 | 9 | 0 |
| Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9) | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| CACH Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 5.72 | 11 | 0 |
| Infections, Respiratory [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Tonsillitis Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| AIDS, Simian [description not available] | 0 | 4.13 | 15 | 0 |
| Cerebral Pseudosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.95 | 4 | 0 |
| Hepatolenticular Degeneration A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years. | 0 | 2.95 | 4 | 0 |
| Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS. | 0 | 2.98 | 4 | 0 |
| Preterm Birth [description not available] | 0 | 4.13 | 5 | 0 |
| Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 10.15 | 49 | 1 |
| Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION). | 0 | 4.13 | 5 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 3.83 | 11 | 0 |
| Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.97 | 4 | 0 |
| Polyneuropathy, Acquired [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. | 0 | 3.83 | 11 | 0 |
| Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325) | 0 | 2.97 | 4 | 0 |
| Polyneuropathies Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Central European Encephalitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Pituitary [description not available] | 0 | 2.5 | 2 | 0 |
| Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA. | 0 | 2.5 | 2 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 3.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Cancer of Prostate [description not available] | 0 | 3.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available] | 0 | 3.12 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 3.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE. | 0 | 3.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS. | 0 | 3.12 | 1 | 0 |
| Alexia [description not available] | 0 | 3.13 | 5 | 0 |
| Altitude Hypoxia Low ambient oxygen tension associated with ALTITUDE. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Altitude Sickness Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Inborn Urea Cycle Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Urea Cycle Disorders, Inborn Rare congenital metabolism disorders of the urea cycle. The disorders are due to mutations that result in complete (neonatal onset) or partial (childhood or adult onset) inactivity of an enzyme, involved in the urea cycle. Neonatal onset results in clinical features that include irritability, vomiting, lethargy, seizures, NEONATAL HYPOTONIA; RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS; HYPERAMMONEMIA; coma, and death. Survivors of the neonatal onset and childhood/adult onset disorders share common risks for ENCEPHALOPATHIES, METABOLIC, INBORN; and RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS due to HYPERAMMONEMIA. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Myelopathy [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 6 | 0 |
| Spinal Cord Diseases Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord. | 0 | 3.33 | 6 | 0 |
| Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Prediabetes [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Prediabetic State The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukoaraiosis Non-specific white matter changes in the BRAIN, often seen after age 65. Changes include loss of AXONS; MYELIN pallor, GLIOSIS, loss of ependymal cells, and enlarged perivascular spaces. Leukoaraiosis is a risk factor for DEMENTIA and CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS. | 0 | 2.97 | 4 | 0 |
| Anti-Yo-Associated Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 5.4 | 23 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 7 | 0 |
| Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others. | 0 | 5.4 | 23 | 0 |
| Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status. | 0 | 3.4 | 7 | 0 |
| Pervasive Child Development Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 4.84 | 7 | 0 |
| Child Development Disorders, Pervasive Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements. | 0 | 4.84 | 7 | 0 |
| Direct Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Bilirubin Encephalopathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Kernicterus A term used pathologically to describe BILIRUBIN staining of the BASAL GANGLIA; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM and clinically to describe a syndrome associated with HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Clinical features include athetosis, MUSCLE SPASTICITY or hypotonia, impaired vertical gaze, and DEAFNESS. Nonconjugated bilirubin enters the brain and acts as a neurotoxin, often in association with conditions that impair the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (e.g., SEPSIS). This condition occurs primarily in neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN), but may rarely occur in adults. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p613) | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| BCKD Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 3.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Agitation, Psychomotor [description not available] | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Maple Syrup Urine Disease An autosomal recessive inherited disorder with multiple forms of phenotypic expression, caused by a defect in the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BRANCHED-CHAIN). These metabolites accumulate in body fluids and render a maple syrup odor. The disease is divided into classic, intermediate, intermittent, and thiamine responsive subtypes. The classic form presents in the first week of life with ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, emesis, neonatal seizures, and hypertonia. The intermediate and intermittent forms present in childhood or later with acute episodes of ataxia and vomiting. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p936) | 0 | 3.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Psychomotor Agitation A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions. | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Dyslipidemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma Sebaceum Facial ANGIOFIBROMA in tuberous sclerosis | 0 | 3.29 | 6 | 0 |
| Tuberous Sclerosis Autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome classically characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION; EPILEPSY; and skin lesions (e.g., adenoma sebaceum and hypomelanotic macules). There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in the neurologic manifestations. It is also associated with cortical tuber and HAMARTOMAS formation throughout the body, especially the heart, kidneys, and eyes. Mutations in two loci TSC1 and TSC2 that encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively, are associated with the disease. | 0 | 3.29 | 6 | 0 |
| Amentia [description not available] | 0 | 10.01 | 37 | 2 |
| Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness. | 0 | 10.01 | 37 | 2 |
| HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2. | 0 | 2.76 | 3 | 0 |
| Anxiety Neuroses [description not available] | 0 | 7.07 | 16 | 2 |
| Anxiety Disorders Persistent and disabling ANXIETY. | 0 | 7.07 | 16 | 2 |
| Symptom Cluster [description not available] | 0 | 5.64 | 18 | 1 |
| Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex. | 0 | 10.64 | 18 | 1 |
| Adult Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.82 | 12 | 0 |
| ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 4.34 | 4 | 1 |
| Presbycusis Gradual bilateral hearing loss associated with aging that is due to progressive degeneration of cochlear structures and central auditory pathways. Hearing loss usually begins with the high frequencies then progresses to sounds of middle and low frequencies. | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available] | 0 | 7.84 | 6 | 4 |
| Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS. | 0 | 7.84 | 6 | 4 |
| ADDH [description not available] | 0 | 9.33 | 28 | 3 |
| Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V) | 0 | 9.33 | 28 | 3 |
| Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 7 | 0 |
| Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA. | 0 | 3.41 | 7 | 0 |
| Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available] | 0 | 9.17 | 41 | 3 |
| Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction). | 0 | 9.17 | 41 | 3 |
| Acid beta-Glucosidase Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Gaucher Disease An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement. | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Adipocere [description not available] | 0 | 3.83 | 11 | 0 |
| Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 8.06 | 7 | 3 |
| Fibromyalgia A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95) | 0 | 8.06 | 7 | 3 |
| Blast Injuries Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.8 | 3 | 0 |
| Germinoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism [description not available] | 0 | 3.42 | 7 | 0 |
| Parkinson Disease, Secondary Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42) | 0 | 3.42 | 7 | 0 |
| Encephalitis, Viral Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS. | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Brain Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 5.26 | 12 | 1 |
| Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Group A Strep Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition. | 0 | 5.26 | 12 | 1 |
| Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.53 | 9 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord. | 0 | 4.53 | 9 | 0 |
| Neurocytoma A benign brain tumor composed of neural elements which most often arise from the SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM and the walls of the lateral ventricles. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy evaluations may reveal expression of neuron specific enolase and synaptophysin and cells containing microtubuli, neurosecretory granules, and presynaptic vesicles. (From Acta Med Port 1994 Feb;7(2):113-9) | 0 | 2.96 | 4 | 0 |
| Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease [description not available] | 0 | 10.43 | 40 | 3 |
| Dejerine-Roussy Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Huntington Disease A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4) | 0 | 10.43 | 40 | 3 |
| Cerebral Concussion [description not available] | 0 | 7.89 | 15 | 2 |
| Brain Concussion A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed head injuries. The duration of UNCONSCIOUSNESS generally lasts a few seconds, but may persist for several hours. Concussions may be classified as mild, intermediate, and severe. Prolonged periods of unconsciousness (often defined as greater than 6 hours in duration) may be referred to as post-traumatic coma (COMA, POST-HEAD INJURY). (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p418) | 0 | 7.89 | 15 | 2 |
| Diseases, Metabolic [description not available] | 0 | 3.02 | 4 | 0 |
| Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed) | 0 | 3.02 | 4 | 0 |
| Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.94 | 14 | 0 |
| Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow. | 0 | 4.94 | 14 | 0 |
| Binge Alcohol Consumption [description not available] | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Athletic Injuries Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports. | 0 | 5.28 | 4 | 1 |
| Craniocerebral Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 5.99 | 5 | 2 |
| Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo [description not available] | 0 | 3.48 | 1 | 1 |
| Amnesia, Pre-Ictal [description not available] | 0 | 3.48 | 1 | 1 |
| Craniocerebral Trauma Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage. | 0 | 5.99 | 5 | 2 |
| Vertigo An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1) | 0 | 3.48 | 1 | 1 |
| Genetic Predisposition [description not available] | 0 | 4.76 | 11 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases, Hereditary [description not available] | 0 | 3.32 | 6 | 0 |
| Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available] | 0 | 7.14 | 12 | 3 |
| Developmental Psychomotor Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes. | 0 | 7.14 | 12 | 3 |
| Hepatic Failure [description not available] | 0 | 3.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Hepatic Failure [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed) | 0 | 3.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Failure, Acute A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C. | 0 | 3.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Fra(X) Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Fragile X Syndrome A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226) | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Chemical Dependence [description not available] | 0 | 5.5 | 15 | 0 |
| Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse. | 0 | 5.5 | 15 | 0 |
| Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 5.29 | 12 | 1 |
| Alcoholic Intoxication An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemangiopericytoma A tumor composed of spindle cells with a rich vascular network, which apparently arises from pericytes, cells of smooth muscle origin that lie around small vessels. Benign and malignant hemangiopericytomas exist, and the rarity of these lesions has led to considerable confusion in distinguishing between benign and malignant variants. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1364) | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available] | 0 | 3.29 | 6 | 0 |
| Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.). | 0 | 3.29 | 6 | 0 |
| Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Cryptogenic Infantile Spasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.84 | 4 | 0 |
| Spasms, Infantile An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of psychomotor development at seizure onset. The majority present between 3-12 months of age, with spasms consisting of combinations of brief flexor or extensor movements of the head, trunk, and limbs. The condition is divided into two forms: cryptogenic (idiopathic) and symptomatic (secondary to a known disease process such as intrauterine infections; nervous system abnormalities; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC, INBORN; prematurity; perinatal asphyxia; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; etc.). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp744-8) | 0 | 3.84 | 4 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nerve Injury [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Complication, Intraoperative [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nerve Injuries Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Insomnia [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Apnea, Obstructive Sleep [description not available] | 0 | 3.54 | 8 | 0 |
| Sleep Apnea, Obstructive A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395) | 0 | 3.54 | 8 | 0 |
| Bedwetting [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Nocturnal Enuresis Involuntary discharge of URINE during sleep at night after expected age of completed development of urinary control. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Acidosis, Diabetic [description not available] | 0 | 4.07 | 5 | 0 |
| Diabetic Ketoacidosis A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA. | 0 | 4.07 | 5 | 0 |
| Claustrophobia [description not available] | 0 | 4.08 | 3 | 1 |
| Phobic Disorders Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable. | 0 | 4.08 | 3 | 1 |
| Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Ductus Arteriosus, Patent A congenital heart defect characterized by the persistent opening of fetal DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS that connects the PULMONARY ARTERY to the descending aorta (AORTA, DESCENDING) allowing unoxygenated blood to bypass the lung and flow to the PLACENTA. Normally, the ductus is closed shortly after birth. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide. | 0 | 3.53 | 8 | 0 |
| Hemisensory Neglect [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Encephalitis, Limbic [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Perceptual Disorders Cognitive disorders characterized by an impaired ability to perceive the nature of objects or concepts through use of the sense organs. These include spatial neglect syndromes, where an individual does not attend to visual, auditory, or sensory stimuli presented from one side of the body. | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Beriberi, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Ache [description not available] | 0 | 7.08 | 10 | 2 |
| Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 0 | 7.08 | 10 | 2 |
| Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Alpers Diffuse Degeneration of Cerebral Gray Matter with Hepatic Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.93 | 13 | 0 |
| Asphyxia Neonatorum Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 9.25 | 17 | 2 |
| Autism [description not available] | 0 | 6.5 | 24 | 2 |
| Autistic Disorder A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V) | 0 | 6.5 | 24 | 2 |
| Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available] | 0 | 7.51 | 48 | 1 |
| Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082) | 0 | 7.51 | 48 | 1 |
| Restless Leg Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Restless Legs Syndrome A disorder characterized by aching or burning sensations in the lower and rarely the upper extremities that occur prior to sleep or may awaken the patient from sleep. | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Behavior Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 5.6 | 9 | 0 |
| Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function. | 0 | 5.6 | 9 | 0 |
| Acoustic Neuroma [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available] | 0 | 4.07 | 5 | 0 |
| Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX. | 0 | 4.07 | 5 | 0 |
| Atrophy, Muscular, Peroneal [description not available] | 0 | 4.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343) | 0 | 4.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Vitamin B 12 [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Vitamin B 12 Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848) | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Canine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Heatstroke [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Heat Stroke A condition caused by the failure of body to dissipate heat in an excessively hot environment or during PHYSICAL EXERTION in a hot environment. Contrast to HEAT EXHAUSTION, the body temperature in heat stroke patient is dangerously high with red, hot skin accompanied by DELUSIONS; CONVULSIONS; or COMA. It can be a life-threatening emergency and is most common in infants and the elderly. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Affective Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 8.14 | 8 | 3 |
| Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Mood Disorders Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature. | 0 | 8.14 | 8 | 3 |
| Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm Dyssomnias associated with disruption of the normal 24 hour sleep wake cycle secondary to travel (e.g., JET LAG SYNDROME), shift work, or other causes. | 0 | 3.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course. | 0 | 11.9 | 47 | 5 |
| Fukuhara Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS). | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal. | 0 | 6.02 | 12 | 0 |
| Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level. | 0 | 6.02 | 12 | 0 |
| Germinoma A malignant neoplasm of the germinal tissue of the GONADS; MEDIASTINUM; or pineal region. Germinomas are uniform in appearance, consisting of large, round cells with vesicular nuclei and clear or finely granular eosinophilic-staining cytoplasm. (Stedman, 265th ed; from DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1642-3) | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.02 | 5 | 0 |
| Neurofibromatosis 1 An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS). | 0 | 4.02 | 5 | 0 |
| Anoxemia [description not available] | 0 | 5.18 | 11 | 1 |
| Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms. | 0 | 5.18 | 11 | 1 |
| Central Nervous System Cysts Congenital or acquired cysts of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges which may remain stable in size or undergo progressive enlargement. | 0 | 2.96 | 4 | 0 |
| Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome. | 0 | 2.76 | 3 | 0 |
| Autosomal Dominant Striatonigral Degeneration [description not available] | 0 | 3.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Machado-Joseph Disease A dominantly-inherited ATAXIA first described in people of Azorean and Portuguese descent, and subsequently identified in Brazil, Japan, China, and Australia. This disorder is classified as one of the SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIAS (Type 3) and has been associated with a mutation of the MJD1 gene on chromosome 14. Clinical features include progressive ataxia, DYSARTHRIA, postural instability, nystagmus, eyelid retraction, and facial FASCICULATIONS. DYSTONIA is prominent in younger patients (referred to as Type I Machado-Joseph Disease). Type II features ataxia and ocular signs; Type III features MUSCULAR ATROPHY and a sensorimotor neuropathy; and Type IV features extrapyramidal signs combined with a sensorimotor neuropathy. (From Clin Neurosci 1995;3(1):17-22; Ann Neurol 1998 Mar;43(3):288-96) | 0 | 3.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Disorder, Borderline Personality [description not available] | 0 | 4.68 | 6 | 0 |
| Borderline Personality Disorder A personality disorder marked by a pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. (DSM-IV) | 0 | 4.68 | 6 | 0 |
| Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available] | 0 | 3.31 | 6 | 0 |
| Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH. | 0 | 3.31 | 6 | 0 |
| Infant, Small for Gestational Age An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Organophosphorus Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Weight Reduction [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Organophosphate Poisoning Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Agrammatic Broca Aphasia [description not available] | 0 | 3.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available] | 0 | 3.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis Disorder characterized by symptoms of CATATONIA; HYPOVENTILATION; DYSKINESIAS; ENCEPHALITIS; and SEIZURES followed by a reduced CONSCIOUSNESS. It is often followed by a viral-like prodrome. Many cases are self-limiting and respond well to IMMUNOMODULATORY THERAPIES against the NMDA RECEPTORS antibodies. | 0 | 3.91 | 2 | 0 |
| Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA. | 0 | 3.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Refractory Depression [description not available] | 0 | 4.21 | 3 | 1 |
| Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant Failure to respond to two or more trials of antidepressant monotherapy or failure to respond to four or more trials of different antidepressant therapies. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 9th ed.) | 0 | 4.21 | 3 | 1 |
| Alloxan Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 4.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Absence Status [description not available] | 0 | 3.72 | 10 | 0 |
| Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30) | 0 | 3.72 | 10 | 0 |
| Multiple System Atrophy Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 5.83 | 8 | 3 |
| Multiple System Atrophy A syndrome complex composed of three conditions which represent clinical variants of the same disease process: STRIATONIGRAL DEGENERATION; SHY-DRAGER SYNDROME; and the sporadic form of OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHIES. Clinical features include autonomic, cerebellar, and basal ganglia dysfunction. Pathologic examination reveals atrophy of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, and medulla, with prominent loss of autonomic neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1076; Baillieres Clin Neurol 1997 Apr;6(1):187-204; Med Clin North Am 1999 Mar;83(2):381-92) | 0 | 5.83 | 8 | 3 |
| Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available] | 0 | 5.24 | 8 | 0 |
| Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules. | 0 | 5.24 | 8 | 0 |
| Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast. | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH. | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 2.53 | 2 | 0 |
| Stillbirth The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Aberrant Tissue [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Arachnoid Cysts Intracranial or spinal cavities containing a cerebrospinal-like fluid, the wall of which is composed of arachnoidal cells. They are most often developmental or related to trauma. Intracranial arachnoid cysts usually occur adjacent to arachnoidal cistern and may present with HYDROCEPHALUS; HEADACHE; SEIZURES; and focal neurologic signs. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch44, pp105-115) | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Complications, Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 4.52 | 5 | 1 |
| Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 6 | 0 |
| Cardiovirus Infections Infections caused by viruses of the genus CARDIOVIRUS, family PICORNAVIRIDAE. | 0 | 4.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Anterior Cervical Pain [description not available] | 0 | 3.5 | 1 | 1 |
| Ambulation Disorders, Neurologic [description not available] | 0 | 4.36 | 4 | 1 |
| Dysesthesia [description not available] | 0 | 3.85 | 2 | 1 |
| Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.5 | 1 | 1 |
| Spinal Stenosis Narrowing of the spinal canal. | 0 | 3.5 | 1 | 1 |
| Neck Pain Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck. | 0 | 3.5 | 1 | 1 |
| Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure Sudden liver failure in the presence of underlying compensated chronic LIVER DISEASE (e.g., LIVER CIRRHOSIS; HEPATITIS; and liver injury and failure) due to a precipitating acute hepatic insult. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available] | 0 | 2.98 | 4 | 0 |
| Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown. | 0 | 2.98 | 4 | 0 |
| Addison Disease and Cerebral Sclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.03 | 14 | 0 |
| Adrenoleukodystrophy An X-linked recessive disorder characterized by the accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty acids in the LYSOSOMES of ADRENAL CORTEX and the white matter of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This disease occurs almost exclusively in the males. Clinical features include the childhood onset of ATAXIA; NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HYPERPIGMENTATION; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; SEIZURES; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and DEMENTIA. The slowly progressive adult form is called adrenomyeloneuropathy. The defective gene ABCD1 is located at Xq28, and encodes the adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS). | 0 | 4.03 | 14 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Lung [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Metabolic Acidosis [description not available] | 0 | 5.04 | 3 | 1 |
| Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION. | 0 | 3.41 | 7 | 0 |
| Cancer of Stomach [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Emesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up. | 0 | 5.04 | 3 | 1 |
| Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses. | 0 | 3.84 | 2 | 1 |
| Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormal Proliferation Cortical Malformations [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Social Anxiety Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Phobia, Social Anxiety disorder characterized by the persistent and irrational fear, anxiety, or avoidance of social or performance situations. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Aprosodia [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Adult GM1 Gangliosidosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Ambulation Difficulty [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Gangliosidosis, GM1 An autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the absence or deficiency of BETA-GALACTOSIDASE. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of G(M1) GANGLIOSIDE and oligosaccharides, primarily in neurons of the central nervous system. The infantile form is characterized by MUSCLE HYPOTONIA, poor psychomotor development, HIRSUTISM, hepatosplenomegaly, and facial abnormalities. The juvenile form features HYPERACUSIS; SEIZURES; and psychomotor retardation. The adult form features progressive DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; and MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp96-7) | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism. | 0 | 4.58 | 3 | 0 |
| Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185) | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Friedreich Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Friedreich Ataxia An autosomal recessive disease, usually of childhood onset, characterized pathologically by degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, posterior columns, and to a lesser extent the corticospinal tracts. Clinical manifestations include GAIT ATAXIA, pes cavus, speech impairment, lateral curvature of spine, rhythmic head tremor, kyphoscoliosis, congestive heart failure (secondary to a cardiomyopathy), and lower extremity weakness. Most forms of this condition are associated with a mutation in a gene on chromosome 9, at band q13, which codes for the mitochondrial protein frataxin. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1081; N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75) The severity of Friedreich ataxia associated with expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the frataxin gene correlates with the number of trinucleotide repeats. (From Durr et al, N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75) | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.5 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE. | 0 | 2.5 | 2 | 0 |
| Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes. | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available] | 0 | 3.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer. | 0 | 3.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Lupus [description not available] | 0 | 3.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Angiomatosis Oculoorbital-Thalamic Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 6 | 0 |
| Sturge-Weber Syndrome A non-inherited congenital condition with vascular and neurological abnormalities. It is characterized by facial vascular nevi (PORT-WINE STAIN), and capillary angiomatosis of intracranial membranes (MENINGES; CHOROID). Neurological features include EPILEPSY; cognitive deficits; GLAUCOMA; and visual defects. | 0 | 3.28 | 6 | 0 |
| Neurovisceral Storage Disease with Vertical Supranuclear Ophthalmoplegia [description not available] | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder that is characterized by accumulation of CHOLESTEROL and SPHINGOMYELINS in cells of the VISCERA and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Type C (or C1) and type D are allelic disorders caused by mutation of the NPC1 gene, which encodes a protein that mediates intracellular cholesterol transport from LYSOSOMES. Clinical signs include hepatosplenomegaly and chronic neurological symptoms. Type D is a variant in people with a Nova Scotia ancestry. | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Benign Essential Tremor [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 6 | 0 |
| Essential Tremor A relatively common disorder characterized by a fairly specific pattern of tremors which are most prominent in the upper extremities and neck, inducing titubations of the head. The tremor is usually mild, but when severe may be disabling. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance may occur in some families (i.e., familial tremor). (Mov Disord 1988;13(1):5-10) | 0 | 3.28 | 6 | 0 |
| Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51) | 0 | 3.13 | 5 | 0 |
| Glycine Encephalopathy [description not available] | 0 | 3.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available] | 0 | 3.13 | 5 | 0 |
| Chorea Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 4.67 | 6 | 1 |
| Chorea Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. | 0 | 4.67 | 6 | 1 |
| Cerebromeningitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Inflammatory Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms Metastatic breast cancer characterized by EDEMA and ERYTHEMA of the affected breast due to LYMPHATIC METASTASIS and eventual obstruction of LYMPHATIC VESSELS by the cancer cells. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available] | 0 | 5.93 | 9 | 1 |
| Bruxism, Nocturnal [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Mixed Pineocytoma-Pineoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Pinealoma Neoplasms which originate from pineal parenchymal cells that tend to enlarge the gland and be locally invasive. The two major forms are pineocytoma and the more malignant pineoblastoma. Pineocytomas have moderate cellularity and tend to form rosette patterns. Pineoblastomas are highly cellular tumors containing small, poorly differentiated cells. These tumors occasionally seed the neuroaxis or cause obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS or Parinaud's syndrome. GERMINOMA; CARCINOMA, EMBRYONAL; GLIOMA; and other neoplasms may arise in the pineal region with germinoma being the most common pineal region tumor. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2064; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p670) | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Pressure, Low [description not available] | 0 | 2.95 | 4 | 0 |
| Hypocapnia Clinical manifestation consisting of a deficiency of carbon dioxide in arterial blood. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients. | 0 | 2.95 | 4 | 0 |
| Behavior Disorder, Rapid Eye Movement Sleep [description not available] | 0 | 3.86 | 4 | 0 |
| REM Sleep Behavior Disorder A disorder characterized by episodes of vigorous and often violent motor activity during REM sleep (SLEEP, REM). The affected individual may inflict self injury or harm others, and is difficult to awaken from this condition. Episodes are usually followed by a vivid recollection of a dream that is consistent with the aggressive behavior. This condition primarily affects adult males. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p393) | 0 | 3.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Cerebro-Hepato-Renal Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Zellweger Syndrome An autosomal recessive disorder due to defects in PEROXISOME biogenesis which involves more than 13 genes encoding peroxin proteins of the peroxisomal membrane and matrix. Zellweger syndrome is typically seen in the neonatal period with features such as dysmorphic skull; MUSCLE HYPOTONIA; SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; visual compromise; SEIZURES; progressive degeneration of the KIDNEYS and the LIVER. Zellweger-like syndrome refers to phenotypes resembling the neonatal Zellweger syndrome but seen in children or adults with apparently intact peroxisome biogenesis. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperhomocysteinemia Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated ( | 0 | 3.53 | 1 | 1 |
| Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Dizzyness [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Dizziness An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Corpus Luteum Cyst [description not available] | 0 | 2.96 | 4 | 0 |
| Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Ovarian Cysts General term for CYSTS and cystic diseases of the OVARY. | 0 | 2.96 | 4 | 0 |
| Cervical Fusion Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Encephalomyelitis, Subacute Necrotizing [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Leigh Disease A group of metabolic disorders primarily of infancy characterized by the subacute onset of psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, ataxia, weakness, vision loss, eye movement abnormalities, seizures, dysphagia, and lactic acidosis. Pathological features include spongy degeneration of the neuropile of the basal ganglia, thalamus, brain stem, and spinal cord. Patterns of inheritance include X-linked recessive, autosomal recessive, and mitochondrial. Leigh disease has been associated with mutations in genes for the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX; CYTOCHROME-C OXIDASE; ATP synthase subunit 6; and subunits of mitochondrial complex I. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p850). | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Stammering [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Stuttering A disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that is inappropriate for the individual's age. This disturbance is characterized by frequent repetitions or prolongations of sounds or syllables. Various other types of speech dysfluencies may also be involved including interjections, broken words, audible or silent blocking, circumlocutions, words produced with an excess of physical tension, and monosyllabic whole word repetitions. Stuttering may occur as a developmental condition in childhood or as an acquired disorder which may be associated with BRAIN INFARCTIONS and other BRAIN DISEASES. (From DSM-IV, 1994) | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Anorexia Nervosa An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994) | 0 | 4.32 | 7 | 0 |
| Asperger Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.58 | 9 | 0 |
| Asperger Syndrome A disorder beginning in childhood whose essential features are persistent impairment in reciprocal social communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. These symptoms may limit or impair everyday functioning. (From DSM-5) | 0 | 4.58 | 9 | 0 |
| Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available] | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug. | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Abnormality, Heart [description not available] | 0 | 3.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life. | 0 | 3.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Phantom Limb Perception of painful and nonpainful phantom sensations that occur following the complete or partial loss of a limb. The majority of individuals with an amputated extremity will experience the impression that the limb is still present, and in many cases, painful. (From Neurol Clin 1998 Nov;16(4):919-36; Brain 1998 Sep;121(Pt 9):1603-30) | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Becker Muscular Dystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415) | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Degenerative Disease, Nervous System, Hereditary [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Choline Deficiency A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984) | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| CBS Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Homocystinuria Autosomal recessive inborn error of methionine metabolism usually caused by a deficiency of CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE and associated with elevations of homocysteine in plasma and urine. Clinical features include a tall slender habitus, SCOLIOSIS, arachnodactyly, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, genu varus, thin blond hair, malar flush, lens dislocations, an increased incidence of MENTAL RETARDATION, and a tendency to develop fibrosis of arteries, frequently complicated by CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p979) | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve. | 0 | 6.63 | 19 | 1 |
| Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Panic Attacks [description not available] | 0 | 4.34 | 4 | 1 |
| Panic Disorder A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. | 0 | 4.34 | 4 | 1 |
| Anterior Horn Cell Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.43 | 8 | 0 |
| Atrophy, Muscular, Spinobulbar [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Motor Neuron Disease Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089) | 0 | 4.43 | 8 | 0 |
| Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy, X-Linked An X-linked recessive form of spinal muscular atrophy. It is due to a mutation of the gene encoding the ANDROGEN RECEPTOR. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Anoxia, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 5.91 | 17 | 0 |
| Benign Supratentorial Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 11 | 0 |
| Craniopharyngioma, Adamantinous [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Craniopharyngioma A benign pituitary-region neoplasm that originates from Rathke's pouch. The two major histologic and clinical subtypes are adamantinous (or classical) craniopharyngioma and papillary craniopharyngioma. The adamantinous form presents in children and adolescents as an expanding cystic lesion in the pituitary region. The cystic cavity is filled with a black viscous substance and histologically the tumor is composed of adamantinomatous epithelium and areas of calcification and necrosis. Papillary craniopharyngiomas occur in adults, and histologically feature a squamous epithelium with papillations. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch14, p50) | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Adult-Onset Dystonias [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Dystonic Disorders Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally divided into generalized dystonias (e.g., dystonia musculorum deformans) and focal dystonias (e.g., writer's cramp). They are also classified by patterns of inheritance and by age of onset. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Lactic Acidosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Pyrexia [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Brachial Paresis [description not available] | 0 | 5.24 | 4 | 1 |
| Acidosis, Lactic Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE. | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| AIDS Seroconversion [description not available] | 0 | 5.58 | 17 | 1 |
| Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced Congenital changes in the morphology of organs produced by exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Autism-Dementia-Ataxia-Loss of Purposeful Hand Use Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Rett Syndrome An inherited neurological developmental disorder that is associated with X-LINKED INHERITANCE and may be lethal in utero to hemizygous males. The affected female is normal until the age of 6-25 months when progressive loss of voluntary control of hand movements and communication skills; ATAXIA; SEIZURES; autistic behavior; intermittent HYPERVENTILATION; and HYPERAMMONEMIA appear. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p199) | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available] | 0 | 3.63 | 9 | 0 |
| Benign Infratentorial Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.95 | 4 | 0 |
| Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1) | 0 | 3.63 | 9 | 0 |
| Brain Emboli [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Embolism, Fat Blocking of a blood vessel by fat deposits in the circulation. It is often seen after fractures of large bones or after administration of CORTICOSTEROIDS. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available] | 0 | 4.52 | 5 | 1 |
| Autosomal Dominant Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary A group of inherited diseases that share similar phenotypes but are genetically diverse. Different genetic loci for autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and x-linked forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia have been identified. Clinically, patients present with slowly progressive distal limb weakness and lower extremity spasticity. Peripheral sensory neurons may be affected in the later stages of the disease. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Jan;64(1):61-6; Curr Opin Neurol 1997 Aug;10(4):313-8) | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Ganglioglioma Rare indolent tumors comprised of neoplastic glial and neuronal cells which occur primarily in children and young adults. Benign lesions tend to be associated with long survival unless the tumor degenerates into a histologically malignant form. They tend to occur in the optic nerve and white matter of the brain and spinal cord. | 0 | 4.1 | 3 | 1 |
| Nicotine Addiction [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Tobacco Use Disorder Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders, Inborn [description not available] | 0 | 3.93 | 13 | 0 |
| Convulsions, Grand Mal [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 6 | 0 |
| Benign Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329) | 0 | 3.28 | 6 | 0 |
| Epilepsies, Myoclonic A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic. | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Hyperammonemia Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Agnosia Loss of the ability to comprehend the meaning or recognize the importance of various forms of stimulation that cannot be attributed to impairment of a primary sensory modality. Tactile agnosia is characterized by an inability to perceive the shape and nature of an object by touch alone, despite unimpaired sensation to light touch, position, and other primary sensory modalities. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Adolescent Myoclonic Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 6 | 0 |
| Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available] | 0 | 5.92 | 13 | 2 |
| Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available] | 0 | 6.35 | 21 | 2 |
| Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6) | 0 | 6.35 | 21 | 2 |
| Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction. | 0 | 5.92 | 13 | 2 |
| G(M2) Gangliosidoses [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Gangliosidoses, GM2 A group of recessively inherited diseases characterized by the intralysosomal accumulation of G(M2) GANGLIOSIDE in the neuronal cells. Subtypes include mutations of enzymes in the BETA-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASES system or G(M2) ACTIVATOR PROTEIN leading to disruption of normal degradation of GANGLIOSIDES, a subclass of ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| As If Personality [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Gelineau Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 4.67 | 6 | 1 |
| Narcolepsy A condition characterized by recurrent episodes of daytime somnolence and lapses in consciousness (microsomnias) that may be associated with automatic behaviors and AMNESIA. CATAPLEXY; SLEEP PARALYSIS, and hypnagogic HALLUCINATIONS frequently accompany narcolepsy. The pathophysiology of this disorder includes sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which normally follows stage III or IV sleep. (From Neurology 1998 Feb;50(2 Suppl 1):S2-S7) | 0 | 4.67 | 6 | 1 |
| Cataleptic Attacks [description not available] | 0 | 2.95 | 4 | 0 |
| Minimally Conscious State [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Astroblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.13 | 5 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial Neoplasms composed of neuroepithelial cells, which have the capacity to differentiate into NEURONS, oligodendrocytes, and ASTROCYTES. The majority of craniospinal tumors are of neuroepithelial origin. (From Dev Biol 1998 Aug 1;200(1):1-5) | 0 | 3.13 | 5 | 0 |
| Alcohol Abuse, Nervous System [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Marchiafava-Bignami Disease A neurodegenerative condition that is characterized by demyelination or necrosis of the CORPUS CALLOSUM. Symptoms include DEPRESSION; PARANOIA; DEMENTIA; SEIZURES; and ATAXIA which can progress to COMA and death in a few months. Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome is seen often in alcoholics but has been found in non-alcoholics as well. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Absence Seizure Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Epilepsy, Absence A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736) | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Drowning Death that occurs as a result of anoxia or heart arrest, associated with immersion in liquid. | 0 | 2.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Erythrophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, Familial [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic A group of related disorders characterized by LYMPHOCYTOSIS; HISTIOCYTOSIS; and hemophagocytosis. The two major forms are familial and reactive. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Inadequate Sleep [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Amnionitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Chorioamnionitis INFLAMMATION of the placental membranes (CHORION; AMNION) and connected tissues such as fetal BLOOD VESSELS and UMBILICAL CORD. It is often associated with intrauterine ascending infections during PREGNANCY. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Brain Abscess A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6) | 0 | 3.51 | 8 | 0 |
| Cerebral Nocardiosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Anaplastic Ependymoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Ependymoma Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9) | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias. | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 7 | 0 |
| Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. | 0 | 3.4 | 7 | 0 |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome, Posterior [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Axonal Injury, Diffuse [description not available] | 0 | 6.12 | 11 | 1 |
| Wallerian Degeneration Degeneration of distal aspects of a nerve axon following injury to the cell body or proximal portion of the axon. The process is characterized by fragmentation of the axon and its MYELIN SHEATH. | 0 | 3.54 | 8 | 0 |
| Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Familial [description not available] | 0 | 5.43 | 5 | 1 |
| Amino Acid Transport Disorders, Inborn Disorders characterized by defective transport of amino acids across cell membranes. These include deficits in transport across brush-border epithelial cell membranes of the small intestine (MICROVILLI) and KIDNEY TUBULES; transport across the basolateral membrane; and transport across the membranes of intracellular organelles. (From Nippon Rinsho 1992 Jul;50(7):1587-92) | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Cytomegalovirus Infections Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukomalacia, Periventricular Degeneration of white matter adjacent to the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES following cerebral hypoxia or BRAIN ISCHEMIA in neonates. The condition primarily affects white matter in the perfusion zone between superficial and deep branches of the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY. Clinical manifestations include VISION DISORDERS; CEREBRAL PALSY; PARAPLEGIA; SEIZURES; and cognitive disorders. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1021; Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch4, pp30-1) | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Cholesterinosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.11 | 3 | 1 |
| Xanthomatosis, Cerebrotendinous An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder due to mutation of the gene CYP27A1 encoding a CHOLESTANETRIOL 26-MONOOXYGENASE. It is characterized by large deposits of CHOLESTEROL and CHOLESTANOL in various tissues resulting in xanthomatous swelling of tendons, early CATARACT, and progressive neurological symptoms. | 0 | 4.11 | 3 | 1 |
| alpha-Galactosidase A Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Fabry Disease An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Convulsive Generalized Seizure Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 5.83 | 8 | 1 |
| Audiogenic Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Epilepsy, Reflex A subtype of epilepsy characterized by seizures that are consistently provoked by a certain specific stimulus. Auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli as well as the acts of writing, reading, eating, and decision making are examples of events or activities that may induce seizure activity in affected individuals. (From Neurol Clin 1994 Feb;12(1):57-8) | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Spinal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Basal Ganglia Diseases Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. | 0 | 4.54 | 9 | 0 |
| Ophthalmoplegia, Progressive Supranuclear [description not available] | 0 | 4.65 | 6 | 1 |
| Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7) | 0 | 4.65 | 6 | 1 |
| Multiple Neurofibromas [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Scoliosis An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Neurofibromatoses A group of disorders characterized by an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with high rates of spontaneous mutation and multiple neurofibromas or neurilemmomas. NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1 (generalized neurofibromatosis) accounts for approximately 95% of cases, although multiple additional subtypes (e.g., NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2, neurofibromatosis 3, etc.) have been described. (From Neurochirurgie 1998 Nov;44(4):267-72) | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Epithelial Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Atherogenesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Arrest, Sudden [description not available] | 0 | 2.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Death, Sudden, Cardiac Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005) | 0 | 2.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Briquet Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Somatoform Disorders Disorders having the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but that are not fully explained by another medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. The MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYMPTOMS must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. In contrast to FACTITIOUS DISORDERS and MALINGERING, the physical symptoms are not under voluntary control. (APA, DSM-V) | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Hakim Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 5.23 | 6 | 2 |
| Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure A form of compensated hydrocephalus characterized clinically by a slowly progressive gait disorder (see GAIT DISORDERS, NEUROLOGIC), progressive intellectual decline, and URINARY INCONTINENCE. Spinal fluid pressure tends to be in the high normal range. This condition may result from processes which interfere with the absorption of CSF including SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, chronic MENINGITIS, and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp631-3) | 0 | 5.23 | 6 | 2 |
| Ataxia of Gait [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Brown Tendon Sheath Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Colloid [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Demyelinating Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Gargoylism, Hunter Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Mucopolysaccharidosis II Systemic lysosomal storage disease marked by progressive physical deterioration and caused by a deficiency of L-sulfoiduronate sulfatase. This disease differs from MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS I by slower progression, lack of corneal clouding, and X-linked rather than autosomal recessive inheritance. The mild form produces near-normal intelligence and life span. The severe form usually causes death by age 15. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Tooth Diseases Diseases involving the TEETH. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Morphine Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Tachyarrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Complex Partial Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 4.18 | 6 | 0 |
| Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Epilepsy, Complex Partial A disorder characterized by recurrent partial seizures marked by impairment of cognition. During the seizure the individual may experience a wide variety of psychic phenomenon including formed hallucinations, illusions, deja vu, intense emotional feelings, confusion, and spatial disorientation. Focal motor activity, sensory alterations and AUTOMATISM may also occur. Complex partial seizures often originate from foci in one or both temporal lobes. The etiology may be idiopathic (cryptogenic partial complex epilepsy) or occur as a secondary manifestation of a focal cortical lesion (symptomatic partial complex epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317-8) | 0 | 4.18 | 6 | 0 |
| Body Dysmorphic Disorders Preoccupations with appearance or self-image causing significant distress or impairment in important areas of functioning. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Mental [description not available] | 0 | 3.61 | 9 | 0 |
| Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28) | 0 | 3.61 | 9 | 0 |
| CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 7 | 0 |
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome A rare transmissible encephalopathy most prevalent between the ages of 50 and 70 years. Affected individuals may present with sleep disturbances, personality changes, ATAXIA; APHASIA, visual loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, MYOCLONUS, progressive dementia, and death within one year of disease onset. A familial form exhibiting autosomal dominant inheritance and a new variant CJD (potentially associated with ENCEPHALOPATHY, BOVINE SPONGIFORM) have been described. Pathological features include prominent cerebellar and cerebral cortical spongiform degeneration and the presence of PRIONS. (From N Engl J Med, 1998 Dec 31;339(27)) | 0 | 3.41 | 7 | 0 |
| Delirium of Mixed Origin [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Delirium A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2) | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Appetite Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Feeding and Eating Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired Communication Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Communication Disorders Disorders of verbal and nonverbal communication caused by receptive or expressive LANGUAGE DISORDERS, cognitive dysfunction (e.g., MENTAL RETARDATION), psychiatric conditions, and HEARING DISORDERS. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.61 | 9 | 0 |
| Suffocation [description not available] | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Asphyxia A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life. | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Alcohol Problem [description not available] | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
| Alcohol-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of alcohol. | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
| Cranial Nerve II Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Central Pontine Myelinolysis [description not available] | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Childhood Schizophrenia [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Gulf War Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Persian Gulf Syndrome Unexplained symptoms reported by veterans of the Persian Gulf War with Iraq in 1991. The symptoms reported include fatigue, skin rash, muscle and joint pain, headaches, loss of memory, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms, and extreme sensitivity to commonly occurring chemicals. (Nature 1994 May 5;369(6475):8) | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Facial Hemiatrophy A syndrome characterized by slowly progressive unilateral atrophy of facial subcutaneous fat, muscle tissue, skin, cartilage, and bone. The condition typically progresses over a period of 2-10 years and then stabilizes. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Elevated ICP (Intracranial Pressure) [description not available] | 0 | 2.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Intracranial Hypertension Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders. | 0 | 2.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA). | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Grippe [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Absence of Brain, Congenital [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired Encephalocele [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Acrania [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Cleft Spine [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Neural Tube Defects Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41) | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Encephalomyelitis A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Congenital Icthyosis Mental Retardation Spasticity Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome An autosomal recessive neurocutaneous disorder characterized by severe ichthyosis MENTAL RETARDATION; SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA; and congenital ICHTHYOSIS. It is caused by mutation of gene encoding microsomal fatty ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE leading to defect in fatty alcohol metabolism. | 0 | 3.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Manganese Poisoning Manganese poisoning is associated with chronic inhalation of manganese particles by individuals who work with manganese ore. Clinical features include CONFUSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and an extrapyramidal syndrome (PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) that includes rigidity; DYSTONIA; retropulsion; and TREMOR. (Adams, Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1213) | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Diseases, Occupational [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Neoplasm Seeding The local implantation of tumor cells by contamination of instruments and surgical equipment during and after surgical resection, resulting in local growth of the cells and tumor formation. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Costen's Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Headache, Tension [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Tension-Type Headache A common primary headache disorder, characterized by a dull, non-pulsatile, diffuse, band-like (or vice-like) PAIN of mild to moderate intensity in the HEAD; SCALP; or NECK. The subtypes are classified by frequency and severity of symptoms. There is no clear cause even though it has been associated with MUSCLE CONTRACTION and stress. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Heroin Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 4.13 | 3 | 1 |
| Heroin Dependence Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN. | 0 | 4.13 | 3 | 1 |
| 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| DiGeorge Syndrome Congenital syndrome characterized by a wide spectrum of characteristics including the absence of the THYMUS and PARATHYROID GLANDS resulting in T-cell immunodeficiency, HYPOCALCEMIA, defects in the outflow tract of the heart, and craniofacial anomalies. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Sex Chromosome [description not available] | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Cerebellar Diseases Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA. | 0 | 3.39 | 7 | 0 |
| Abscess, Tubercular, Intracranial [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Embryopathies [description not available] | 0 | 4.76 | 7 | 0 |
| Acute Autoimmune Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Poisoning, Lead [description not available] | 0 | 2.94 | 4 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds. | 0 | 2.94 | 4 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Guillain-Barre Syndrome An acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. Demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. Common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314) | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Endotoxin Shock [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Nerve Root Avulsion [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Radiculopathy Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Classic Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 4.33 | 4 | 1 |
| Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA). | 0 | 2.95 | 4 | 0 |
| Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of GALACTOSYLCERAMIDASE leading to intralysosomal accumulation of galactolipids such as GALACTOSYLCERAMIDES and PSYCHOSINE. It is characterized by demyelination associated with large multinucleated globoid cells, predominantly involving the white matter of the central nervous system. The loss of MYELIN disrupts normal conduction of nerve impulses. | 0 | 4.33 | 4 | 1 |
| Cumulative Trauma Disorders Harmful and painful condition caused by overuse or overexertion of some part of the musculoskeletal system, often resulting from work-related physical activities. It is characterized by inflammation, pain, or dysfunction of the involved joints, bones, ligaments, and nerves. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Anemias, Iron-Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Anemia, Iron-Deficiency Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperthyroid [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Dystonia An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77) | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Aging, Premature Changes in the organism associated with senescence, occurring at an accelerated rate. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Arteriovenous Malformations, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 3.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. The locations and size of the shunts determine the symptoms including HEADACHES; SEIZURES; STROKE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; mass effect; and vascular steal effect. | 0 | 3.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Asymptomatic Conditions [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Autosomal Chromosome Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Cyst [description not available] | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy [description not available] | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Muscular Atrophy, Spinal A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089) | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199) | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Brain Atrophy, Circumscribed Lobar [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Pick Disease of the Brain A rare form of DEMENTIA that is sometimes familial. Clinical features include APHASIA; APRAXIA; CONFUSION; ANOMIA; memory loss; and personality deterioration. This pattern is consistent with the pathologic findings of circumscribed atrophy of the poles of the FRONTAL LOBE and TEMPORAL LOBE. Neuronal loss is maximal in the HIPPOCAMPUS, entorhinal cortex, and AMYGDALA. Some ballooned cortical neurons contain argentophylic (Pick) bodies. (From Brain Pathol 1998 Apr;8(2):339-54; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1057-9) | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Low Back Ache [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| AIDS, Feline [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute-Phase Reaction An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Aphasia, Primary Progressive A progressive form of dementia characterized by the global loss of language abilities and initial preservation of other cognitive functions. Fluent and nonfluent subtypes have been described. Eventually a pattern of global cognitive dysfunction, similar to ALZHEIMER DISEASE, emerges. Pathologically, there are no Alzheimer or PICK DISEASE like changes, however, spongiform changes of cortical layers II and III are present in the TEMPORAL LOBE and FRONTAL LOBE. (From Brain 1998 Jan;121(Pt 1):115-26) | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| BCECTS [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Dysembryoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Teratoma A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642) | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Chondrodysplasia Punctata, Rhizomelic An autosomal recessive form of CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA characterized by defective plasmalogen biosynthesis and impaired peroxisomes. Patients have shortened proximal limbs and severely disturbed endochondral bone formation. The metabolic defects associated with the impaired peroxisomes are present only in the rhizomelic form of chondrodysplasia punctata. (From Scriver et al, Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease, 6th ed, p1497) | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Arterial Diseases, Carotid [description not available] | 0 | 4.36 | 2 | 2 |
| Carotid Artery Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology. | 0 | 4.36 | 2 | 2 |
| Encephalitis, Inclusion Body, Measles [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 7 | 0 |
| Alexander Disease Rare leukoencephalopathy with infantile-onset accumulation of Rosenthal fibers in the subpial, periventricular, and subependymal zones of the brain. Rosenthal fibers are GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN aggregates found in ASTROCYTES. Juvenile- and adult-onset types show progressive atrophy of the lower brainstem instead. De novo mutations in the GFAP gene are associated with the disease with propensity for paternal inheritance. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Back Ache [description not available] | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Back Pain Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions. | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Antisocial Behavior Behavior that sharply deviates from social norms and violates rights of others | 0 | 3.84 | 1 | 0 |
| Complication, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 7 | 0 |
| Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. | 0 | 3.4 | 7 | 0 |
| Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Clasp-Knife Spasticity [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Muscle Spasticity A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a free interval) followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54) | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Reflex, Abnormal An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available] | 0 | 4.01 | 5 | 0 |
| Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero. | 0 | 4.01 | 5 | 0 |
| Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Variable Immunodeficiency Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment. | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Arterial Diseases, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Arterial Diseases Pathological conditions of intracranial ARTERIES supplying the CEREBRUM. These diseases often are due to abnormalities or pathological processes in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; and POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight. | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Combat Disorders Neurotic reactions to unusual, severe, or overwhelming military stress. | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders Disorders whose essential features are the failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the individual or to others. Individuals experience an increased sense of tension prior to the act and pleasure, gratification or release of tension at the time of committing the act. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Algodystrophic Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy A syndrome characterized by severe burning pain in an extremity accompanied by sudomotor, vasomotor, and trophic changes in bone without an associated specific nerve injury. This condition is most often precipitated by trauma to soft tissue or nerve complexes. The skin over the affected region is usually erythematous and demonstrates hypersensitivity to tactile stimuli and erythema. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1360; Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33) | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Colorectal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Cherry Red Spot Myoclonus Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Hallervorden-Spatz Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration A rare autosomal recessive degenerative disorder which usually presents in late childhood or adolescence. Clinical manifestations include progressive MUSCLE SPASTICITY; hyperreflexia; MUSCLE RIGIDITY; DYSTONIA; DYSARTHRIA; and intellectual deterioration which progresses to severe dementia over several years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p972; Davis & Robertson, Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp972-929) | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Rida [description not available] | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Compulsive Personality [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Onset Aura Migraine [description not available] | 0 | 4.32 | 4 | 1 |
| Migraine with Aura A subtype of migraine disorder, characterized by recurrent attacks of reversible neurological symptoms (aura) that precede or accompany the headache. Aura may include a combination of sensory disturbances, such as blurred VISION; HALLUCINATIONS; VERTIGO; NUMBNESS; and difficulty in concentrating and speaking. Aura is usually followed by features of the COMMON MIGRAINE, such as PHOTOPHOBIA; PHONOPHOBIA; and NAUSEA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) | 0 | 4.32 | 4 | 1 |
| Cerebral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive A group of malignant tumors of the nervous system that feature primitive cells with elements of neuronal and/or glial differentiation. Use of this term is limited by some authors to central nervous system tumors and others include neoplasms of similar origin which arise extracranially (i.e., NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS, PRIMITIVE, PERIPHERAL). This term is also occasionally used as a synonym for MEDULLOBLASTOMA. In general, these tumors arise in the first decade of life and tend to be highly malignant. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2059) | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Acute Rheumatic Fever [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Childhood Tic Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Incipient Schizophrenia [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Schizotypal Personality Disorder A personality disorder in which there are oddities of thought (magical thinking, paranoid ideation, suspiciousness), perception (illusions, depersonalization), speech (digressive, vague, overelaborate), and behavior (inappropriate affect in social interactions, frequently social isolation) that are not severe enough to characterize schizophrenia. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Alkalosis A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Calcification, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Adult Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis [description not available] | 0 | 5.57 | 9 | 0 |
| Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses A group of severe neurodegenerative diseases characterized by intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent wax-like lipid materials (CEROID; LIPOFUSCIN) in neurons. There are several subtypes based on mutations of the various genes, time of disease onset, and severity of the neurological defects such as progressive DEMENTIA; SEIZURES; and visual failure. | 0 | 5.57 | 9 | 0 |
| Rheumatism [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Rheumatic Diseases Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement. | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Deficiency, Pyridoxine [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Hamartoma A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm, composed of an overgrowth of mature cells and tissues that normally occur in the affected area. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Froehlich's Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Developmental Coordination Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Optic Atrophy Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition. | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Lead Induced Nervous System Diseases, Adult [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Dead [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Asystole [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Brain Injury, Chronic Conditions characterized by persistent brain damage or dysfunction as sequelae of cranial trauma. This disorder may result from DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; BRAIN EDEMA; and other conditions. Clinical features may include DEMENTIA; focal neurologic deficits; PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; AKINETIC MUTISM; or COMA. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Viremia The presence of viruses in the blood. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Icterus Gravis Neonatorum [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Jaundice, Neonatal Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperlipemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Sensation Disorders Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM). | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Cerebro-Oculo-Renal Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| BH4 Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Phenylketonurias A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952). | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage Bleeding within the subcortical regions of cerebral hemispheres (BASAL GANGLIA). It is often associated with HYPERTENSION or ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS. Clinical manifestations may include HEADACHE; DYSKINESIAS; and HEMIPARESIS. | 0 | 3.8 | 2 | 1 |
| Ataxias, Hereditary [description not available] | 0 | 4.09 | 3 | 1 |
| Carotid Artery Dissection, Internal [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Adult Neuroaxonal Dystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Congenital, Nervous System [description not available] | 0 | 4.09 | 3 | 1 |
| Chronic Progressive Epilepsia Partialis Continua [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Epilepsia Partialis Continua A variant of EPILEPSY characterized by continuous focal jerking of a body part over a period of hours, days, or even years without spreading to other body regions. Contractions may be aggravated by movement and are reduced, but not abolished during sleep. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY demonstrates epileptiform (spike and wave) discharges over the hemisphere opposite to the affected limb in most instances. The repetitive movements may originate from the CEREBRAL CORTEX or from subcortical structures (e.g., BRAIN STEM; BASAL GANGLIA). This condition is associated with Russian Spring and Summer encephalitis (see ENCEPHALITIS, TICK BORNE); Rasmussen syndrome (see ENCEPHALITIS); MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; and CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS. (From Brain, 1996 April;119(pt2):393-407; Epilepsia 1993;34;Suppl 1:S29-S36; and Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p319) | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Neoplasm [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Glioblastoma with Sarcomatous Component [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Gliosarcoma Rare mixed tumors of the brain and rarely the spinal cord which contain malignant neuroectodermal (glial) and mesenchymal components, including spindle-shaped fibrosarcoma cells. These tumors are highly aggressive and present primarily in adults as rapidly expanding mass lesions. They may arise in tissue that has been previously irradiated. (From Br J Neurosurg 1995 Apr;9(2):171-8) | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Dysarthosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Conjugate Nystagmus [description not available] | 0 | 2.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Closed Head Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Consciousness, Loss of [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| HbS Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Blunt Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 3.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Bone Fractures [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage, Retinal [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Frontal Childhood Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 4.3 | 7 | 0 |
| Lead Encephalopathy, Childhood [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Cerebral Malaria [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Gangrene Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Beuren Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Frigidity [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Impotence [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994) | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Hemorrhage, Traumatic Bleeding within the brain as a result of penetrating and nonpenetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Traumatically induced hemorrhages may occur in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRUM; BRAIN STEM (see BRAIN STEM HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC); and CEREBELLUM. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Monosomy The condition in which one chromosome of a pair is missing. In a normally diploid cell it is represented symbolically as 2N-1. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Bonnevie-Ullrich Syndrome This syndrome that was originally observed by Ullrich, and designated as identical to TURNER SYNDROME, related the webbing of the neck, loose skin and other anomalies of the syndrome to accumulation of fluid in the embryo starting at the head and dispersing to the extremities (as observed by Bonnevie in mice). Commonly observed at birth in Turner Syndrome and NOONAN SYNDROME; EDEMA of the extremities usually recedes by one year and is an early sign of Turner syndrome, especially in female neonates. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Turner Syndrome A syndrome of defective gonadal development in phenotypic females associated with the karyotype 45,X (or 45,XO). Patients generally are of short stature with undifferentiated GONADS (streak gonads), SEXUAL INFANTILISM, HYPOGONADISM, webbing of the neck, cubitus valgus, elevated GONADOTROPINS, decreased ESTRADIOL level in blood, and CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS. NOONAN SYNDROME (also called Pseudo-Turner Syndrome and Male Turner Syndrome) resembles this disorder; however, it occurs in males and females with a normal karyotype and is inherited as an autosomal dominant. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Tourette Syndrome A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79) | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Constitutional Liver Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Dilatation, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Failure [description not available] | 0 | 4.31 | 4 | 1 |
| Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 4.31 | 4 | 1 |
| Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Limited Scleroderma [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Scleroderma, Diffuse A rapid onset form of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA with progressive widespread SKIN thickening over the arms, the legs and the trunk, resulting in stiffness and disability. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Scleroderma, Limited The least progressive form of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA with skin thickening restricted to the face, neck and areas distal to the elbows and/or knees, sparing the trunk. The CREST SYNDROME is a form of limited scleroderma. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Amyloid Neuropathy Type 1 [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial Inherited disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. The different clinical types based on symptoms correspond to the presence of a variety of mutations in several different proteins including transthyretin (PREALBUMIN); APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; and GELSOLIN. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Angiospasm, Intracranial [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Vasospasm, Intracranial Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN). | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Atypical Cluster Headache [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Myotonic Dystrophy Neuromuscular disorder characterized by PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATROPHY; MYOTONIA, and various multisystem atrophies. Mild INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY may also occur. Abnormal TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT EXPANSION in the 3' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS of DMPK PROTEIN gene is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 1. DNA REPEAT EXPANSION of zinc finger protein-9 gene intron is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 2. | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Epilepsy Progressive Myoclonic 2 [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Daytime Sleepiness [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Familial Precocious Puberty [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Night Terrors A disorder characterized by incomplete arousals from sleep associated with behavior suggesting extreme fright. This condition primarily affects children and young adults and the individual generally has no recall of the event. Episodes tend to occur during stage III or IV. SOMNAMBULISM is frequently associated with this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p391) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Disorders of Excessive Somnolence Disorders characterized by hypersomnolence during normal waking hours that may impair cognitive functioning. Subtypes include primary hypersomnia disorders (e.g., IDIOPATHIC HYPERSOMNOLENCE; NARCOLEPSY; and KLEINE-LEVIN SYNDROME) and secondary hypersomnia disorders where excessive somnolence can be attributed to a known cause (e.g., drug affect, MENTAL DISORDERS, and SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME). (From J Neurol Sci 1998 Jan 8;153(2):192-202; Thorpy, Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 2nd ed, p320) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Puberty, Precocious Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Altered Level of Consciousness [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Cranial Nerve Diseases Disorders of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. With the exception of the optic and olfactory nerves, this includes disorders of the brain stem nuclei from which the cranial nerves originate or terminate. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cranial Nerve V Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Neurilemoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Cranial Nerve III Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Nerve Sheath [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Multiple Primary Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Cranial Nerve Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Neurilemmoma A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5) | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Nerve Sheath Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from nerve sheaths formed by SCHWANN CELLS in the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM or by OLIGODENDROCYTES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, NEUROFIBROMA, and NEURILEMMOMA are relatively common tumors in this category. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Gangliocytoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Birth Injuries Mechanical or anoxic trauma incurred by the infant during labor or delivery. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Mental Retardation, X-Linked A class of genetic disorders resulting in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY that is associated either with mutations of GENES located on the X CHROMOSOME or aberrations in the structure of the X chromosome (SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS). | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscular Dystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 4.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Muscular Dystrophies A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS. | 0 | 4.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Hemorrhage [description not available] | 0 | 2.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Intracranial Hemorrhages Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces. | 0 | 2.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome A potentially fatal syndrome associated primarily with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) which are in turn associated with dopaminergic receptor blockade (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) in the BASAL GANGLIA and HYPOTHALAMUS, and sympathetic dysregulation. Clinical features include diffuse MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; high FEVER; diaphoresis; labile blood pressure; cognitive dysfunction; and autonomic disturbances. Serum CPK level elevation and a leukocytosis may also be present. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199; Psychiatr Serv 1998 Sep;49(9):1163-72) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Ataxia Telangiectasia Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Ataxia Telangiectasia An autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by choreoathetosis beginning in childhood, progressive CEREBELLAR ATAXIA; TELANGIECTASIS of CONJUNCTIVA and SKIN; DYSARTHRIA; B- and T-cell immunodeficiency, and RADIOSENSITIVITY to IONIZING RADIATION. Affected individuals are prone to recurrent sinobronchopulmonary infections, lymphoreticular neoplasms, and other malignancies. Serum ALPHA-FETOPROTEINS are usually elevated. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p688) The gene for this disorder (ATM) encodes a cell cycle checkpoint protein kinase and has been mapped to chromosome 11 (11q22-q23). | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body. | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Scotoma A localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. This occurs with a variety of EYE DISEASES (e.g., RETINAL DISEASES and GLAUCOMA); OPTIC NERVE DISEASES, and other conditions. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypesthesia Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperactivity, Motor [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Clerambault Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 4.01 | 5 | 0 |
| Delusional Disorder Disorder with presentation of a facade of coldness with characteristic pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Alpha-Fucosidase Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Fucosidosis An autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of ALPHA-L-FUCOSIDASE activity resulting in an accumulation of fucose containing SPHINGOLIPIDS; GLYCOPROTEINS, and mucopolysaccharides (GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS) in lysosomes. The infantile form (type I) features psychomotor deterioration, MUSCLE SPASTICITY, coarse facial features, growth retardation, skeletal abnormalities, visceromegaly, SEIZURES, recurrent infections, and MACROGLOSSIA, with death occurring in the first decade of life. Juvenile fucosidosis (type II) is the more common variant and features a slowly progressive decline in neurologic function and angiokeratoma corporis diffusum. Type II survival may be through the fourth decade of life. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p87; Am J Med Genet 1991 Jan;38(1):111-31) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Brucella Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Brucellosis Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Albers-Schoenberg Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteopetrosis Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone leading to pathological fractures; OSTEITIS; SPLENOMEGALY with infarct; ANEMIA; and extramedullary hemopoiesis (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY). | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Anterior Optic Neuritis [description not available] | 0 | 3.43 | 1 | 1 |
| Optic Neuritis Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis). | 0 | 3.43 | 1 | 1 |
| Central Hypothyroidism [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Alcohol Amnestic Disorder A mental disorder associated with chronic ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) and nutritional deficiencies characterized by short term memory loss, confabulations, and disturbances of attention. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1139) | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Dysthymia [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Dysthymic Disorder Chronically depressed mood that occurs for most of the day more days than not for at least 2 years. The required minimum duration in children to make this diagnosis is 1 year. During periods of depressed mood, at least 2 of the following additional symptoms are present: poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy or fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration or difficulty making decisions, and feelings of hopelessness. (DSM-IV) | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Anomia A language dysfunction characterized by the inability to name people and objects that are correctly perceived. The individual is able to describe the object in question, but cannot provide the name. This condition is associated with lesions of the dominant hemisphere involving the language areas, in particular the TEMPORAL LOBE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p484) | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Hand-Schu00FCller-Christian Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| ARG1 Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Basal Ganglia Cerebrovascular Disease A pathological condition caused by impaired blood flow in the basal regions of cerebral hemispheres (BASAL GANGLIA), such as INFARCTION; HEMORRHAGE; or ISCHEMIA in vessels of this brain region including the lateral lenticulostriate arteries. Primary clinical manifestations include involuntary movements (DYSKINESIAS) and muscle weakness (HEMIPARESIS). | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperargininemia A rare autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle. It is caused by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme ARGINASE. Arginine is elevated in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and periodic HYPERAMMONEMIA may occur. Disease onset is usually in infancy or early childhood. Clinical manifestations include seizures, microcephaly, progressive mental impairment, hypotonia, ataxia, spastic diplegia, and quadriparesis. (From Hum Genet 1993 Mar;91(1):1-5; Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p51) | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Air Embolism [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Pain, Intractable Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Sore Throat [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX). | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Basedow Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Graves Disease A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy). | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| AIDS-Associated Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, T-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, AIDS-Related B-cell lymphoid tumors that occur in association with AIDS. Patients often present with an advanced stage of disease and highly malignant subtypes including BURKITT LYMPHOMA; IMMUNOBLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA; PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA; and DIFFUSE, LARGE B-CELL, LYMPHOMA. The tumors are often disseminated in unusual extranodal sites and chromosomal abnormalities are frequently present. It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Muscular Dystrophy, Animal MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY that occurs in VERTEBRATE animals. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| C gattii Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Toxoplasmosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cryptococcosis Fungal infection caused by genus CRYPTOCOCCUS. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral Infections of the BRAIN caused by the protozoan TOXOPLASMA gondii that primarily arise in individuals with IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES (see also AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS). The infection may involve the brain diffusely or form discrete abscesses. Clinical manifestations include SEIZURES, altered mentation, headache, focal neurologic deficits, and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp41-3) | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Decreased Muscle Tone [description not available] | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Alpha Virus Infections [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Cerebral Arteriosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Intracranial Arteriosclerosis Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Neuroectodermal Tumors Malignant neoplasms arising in the neuroectoderm, the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo that gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems, including some glial cells. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypernatremia Excessive amount of sodium in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| ARC [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| AIDS-Related Complex A prodromal phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory criteria separating AIDS-related complex (ARC) from AIDS include elevated or hyperactive B-cell humoral immune responses, compared to depressed or normal antibody reactivity in AIDS; follicular or mixed hyperplasia in ARC lymph nodes, leading to lymphocyte degeneration and depletion more typical of AIDS; evolving succession of histopathological lesions such as localization of Kaposi's sarcoma, signaling the transition to the full-blown AIDS. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia with Myopathy [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Amyotonia Congenita [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Neuromuscular Diseases A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Neuroses [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Neurotic Disorders Disorders in which the symptoms are distressing to the individual and recognized by him or her as being unacceptable. Social relationships may be greatly affected but usually remain within acceptable limits. The disturbance is relatively enduring or recurrent without treatment. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Adrenoleukodystrophy, Autosomal Neonatal Form [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Peroxisomal Disorders A heterogeneous group of inherited metabolic disorders marked by absent or dysfunctional PEROXISOMES. Peroxisomal enzymatic abnormalities may be single or multiple. Biosynthetic peroxisomal pathways are compromised, including the ability to synthesize ether lipids and to oxidize long-chain fatty acid precursors. Diseases in this category include ZELLWEGER SYNDROME; INFANTILE REFSUM DISEASE; rhizomelic chondrodysplasia (CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA, RHIZOMELIC); hyperpipecolic acidemia; neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy; and ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY (X-linked). Neurologic dysfunction is a prominent feature of most peroxisomal disorders. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.) | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Cochlear Hearing Loss [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Deafness, Sudden Complete sensorineural hearing loss which develops suddenly over a period of hours or a few days. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperventilation A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Apnea, Sleep [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Sleep Apnea Syndromes Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Complications, Labor [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Eclampsia Onset of HYPERREFLEXIA; SEIZURES; or COMA in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient (PRE-ECLAMPSIA). | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Minimal Disease, Residual [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Epidermal Cyst Intradermal or subcutaneous saclike structure, the wall of which is stratified epithelium containing keratohyalin granules. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cervical Dystonia A common form of DYSTONIA due to involuntary sustained or spasmodic, repetitive muscle contractions in the neck region. According to the position of the twisted neck and head, cervical dystonia can be categorized as torticollis, laterocollis, retrocollis, and a combination of these abnormal postures. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Torticollis A symptom, not a disease, of a twisted neck. In most instances, the head is tipped toward one side and the chin rotated toward the other. The involuntary muscle contractions in the neck region of patients with torticollis can be due to congenital defects, trauma, inflammation, tumors, and neurological or other factors. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Deaf Mutism [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Encephalomyopathies, Mitochondrial [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Deafness A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Skin [description not available] | 0 | 3.31 | 2 | 0 |
| Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN. | 0 | 3.31 | 2 | 0 |
| Hematoma, Subdural Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE between the DURA MATER and the arachnoidal layer of the MENINGES. This condition primarily occurs over the surface of a CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, but may develop in the spinal canal (HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL, SPINAL). Subdural hematoma can be classified as the acute or the chronic form, with immediate or delayed symptom onset, respectively. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cranial Epidural Hematoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Choreoathetosis Self-Mutilation Hyperuricemia Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome An inherited disorder transmitted as a sex-linked trait and caused by a deficiency of an enzyme of purine metabolism; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE. Affected individuals are normal in the first year of life and then develop psychomotor retardation, extrapyramidal movement disorders, progressive spasticity, and seizures. Self-destructive behaviors such as biting of fingers and lips are seen frequently. Intellectual impairment may also occur but is typically not severe. Elevation of uric acid in the serum leads to the development of renal calculi and gouty arthritis. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp127) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Auditory Processing Disorder, Central [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Niemann-Pick Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Niemann-Pick Diseases A group of autosomal recessive disorders in which harmful quantities of lipids accumulate in the viscera and the central nervous system. They can be caused by deficiencies of enzyme activities (SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE) or defects in intracellular transport, resulting in the accumulation of SPHINGOMYELINS and CHOLESTEROL. There are various subtypes based on their clinical and genetic differences. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Catatonic Rigidity [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Rigidity Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Dejerine-Thomas Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 1 | 1 |
| Convulsions, Febrile [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Seizures, Febrile Seizures that occur during a febrile episode. It is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children aged 3 months to five years. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been identified in some families. The majority are simple febrile seizures (generally defined as generalized onset, single seizures with a duration of less than 30 minutes). Complex febrile seizures are characterized by focal onset, duration greater than 30 minutes, and/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period. The likelihood of developing epilepsy (i.e., a nonfebrile seizure disorder) following simple febrile seizures is low. Complex febrile seizures are associated with a moderately increased incidence of epilepsy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p784) | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Blepharospasm Excessive winking; tonic or clonic spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Lentivirus [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Antiphospholipid Syndrome The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ANTIBODIES, ANTICARDIOLIPIN). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR). | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Akinetic Autism [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Infarct [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Ataxia with Lactic Acidosis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency Disease An inherited metabolic disorder caused by deficient enzyme activity in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX, resulting in deficiency of acetyl CoA and reduced synthesis of acetylcholine. Two clinical forms are recognized: neonatal and juvenile. The neonatal form is a relatively common cause of lactic acidosis in the first weeks of life and may also feature an erythematous rash. The juvenile form presents with lactic acidosis, alopecia, intermittent ATAXIA; SEIZURES; and an erythematous rash. (From J Inherit Metab Dis 1996;19(4):452-62) Autosomal recessive and X-linked forms are caused by mutations in the genes for the three different enzyme components of this multisubunit pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. One of the mutations at Xp22.2-p22.1 in the gene for the E1 alpha component of the complex leads to LEIGH DISEASE. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cushing's Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Cushing Syndrome A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Hebephrenic Schizophrenia [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Amaurosis Fugax Transient complete or partial monocular blindness due to retinal ischemia. This may be caused by emboli from the CAROTID ARTERY (usually in association with CAROTID STENOSIS) and other locations that enter the central RETINAL ARTERY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p245) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cystadenoma, Serous A cystic tumor of the ovary, containing thin, clear, yellow serous fluid and varying amounts of solid tissue, with a malignant potential several times greater than that of mucinous cystadenoma (CYSTADENOMA, MUCINOUS). It can be unilocular, parvilocular, or multilocular. It is often bilateral and papillary. The cysts may vary greatly in size. (Dorland, 27th ed; from Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Intracranial Aneurysm Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms ( | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinal Artery Occlusion Sudden ISCHEMIA in the RETINA due to blocked blood flow through the CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY or its branches leading to sudden complete or partial loss of vision, respectively, in the eye. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Atypical Lipoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Lipoma A benign tumor composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It can be surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue (encapsulated), or diffuse without the capsule. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Axon Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Lead Poisoning, Nervous System Injury to the nervous system secondary to exposure to lead compounds. Two distinct clinical patterns occur in children (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, CHILDHOOD) and adults (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, ADULT). In children, lead poisoning typically produces an encephalopathy. In adults, exposure to toxic levels of lead is associated with a peripheral neuropathy. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbohydrate-Deficient Glycoprotein Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation A genetically heterogeneous group of heritable disorders resulting from defects in protein N-glycosylation. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Choroid Plexus Papilloma [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Choroid Plexus Neoplasms, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Choroid Plexus Neoplasms Benign or malignant tumors which arise from the choroid plexus of the ventricles of the brain. Papillomas (see PAPILLOMA, CHOROID PLEXUS) and carcinomas are the most common histologic subtypes, and tend to seed throughout the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces. Clinical features include headaches, ataxia and alterations of consciousness, primarily resulting from associated HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2072; J Neurosurg 1998 Mar;88(3):521-8) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA. | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS. | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired Agraphia [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Apraxia [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired Gerstmann Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Apraxias A group of cognitive disorders characterized by the inability to perform previously learned skills that cannot be attributed to deficits of motor or sensory function. The two major subtypes of this condition are ideomotor (see APRAXIA, IDEOMOTOR) and ideational apraxia, which refers to loss of the ability to mentally formulate the processes involved with performing an action. For example, dressing apraxia may result from an inability to mentally formulate the act of placing clothes on the body. Apraxias are generally associated with lesions of the dominant PARIETAL LOBE and supramarginal gyrus. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp56-7) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Dementia Multi-Infarct [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Concussive Convulsion [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Flaccid Quadriplegia [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Bewilderment [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Day Blindness [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Baltic Myoclonic Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Unverricht-Lundborg Syndrome An autosomal recessive condition characterized by recurrent myoclonic and generalized seizures, ATAXIA, slowly progressive intellectual deterioration, DYSARTHRIA, and intention tremor. Myoclonic seizures are severe and continuous, and tend to be triggered by movement, stress, and sensory stimuli. The age of onset is between 8 and 13 years, and the condition is relatively frequent in the Baltic region, especially Finland. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp109-110) | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Adamantiades-Behcet Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Aseptic Meningitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Behcet Syndrome Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Meningitis, Aseptic A syndrome characterized by headache, neck stiffness, low grade fever, and CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis in the absence of an acute bacterial pathogen. Viral meningitis is the most frequent cause although MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS; RICKETTSIA INFECTIONS; diagnostic or therapeutic procedures; NEOPLASTIC PROCESSES; septic perimeningeal foci; and other conditions may result in this syndrome. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p745) | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cot Death [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Lipidoses Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |