Any substance that possesses little anaesthetic effect by itself, but which enhances or potentiates the anaesthetic action of other drugs when given at the same time.
ChEBI ID: 60807
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|---|---|
| droperidol | An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. | droperidol |
| fentanyl | A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. | fentanyl |
| secobarbital | A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups. | secobarbital |
| sufentanil | An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. | sufentanil |
| trimethaphan | A complex heterocyclic sulfonium compound with an imidazolium core, used to treat hypertension. | trimethaphan |
| Timeframe | Studies, Drugs with This Role(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 5,081 (28.25) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 3,568 (19.84) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 3,653 (20.31) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 3,829 (21.29) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1,855 (10.31) | 2.80 |
| Publication Type | Studies, Drugs with this Role (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 5,941 (28.08%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 981 (4.64%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 1,901 (8.98%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 183 (0.86%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 12,155 (57.44%) | 84.16% |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acetylcholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 24.5454 | 1 | 1 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.1713 | 4 | 4 |
| ATAD5 protein, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 29.0929 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 21.1546 | 1 | 2 |
| Chain A, Beta-lactamase | Escherichia coli K-12 | Potency | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| chromobox protein homolog 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 2D6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.2455 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.1623 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.0792 | 2 | 4 |
| cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.1254 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA polymerase beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.9710 | 3 | 3 |
| estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.6532 | 6 | 6 |
| euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.1220 | 1 | 1 |
| GABA theta subunit | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0792 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0792 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0792 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0792 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0792 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0792 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0792 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0792 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0792 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0792 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0792 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0792 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0792 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0792 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0792 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0792 | 1 | 2 |
| glp-1 receptor, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutamate receptor 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 33.4915 | 1 | 1 |
| Histamine H2 receptor | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 3 |
| hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.9811 | 2 | 2 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| lethal factor (plasmid) | Bacillus anthracis str. A2012 | Potency | 2.5119 | 1 | 1 |
| Luciferase | Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly) | Potency | 40.5334 | 1 | 1 |
| Microtubule-associated protein tau | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 4.4668 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 7.9433 | 1 | 1 |
| peripheral myelin protein 22 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 10.1815 | 1 | 1 |
| potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.5650 | 1 | 2 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.7420 | 2 | 3 |
| SMAD family member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.0070 | 1 | 1 |
| SMAD family member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.0070 | 1 | 1 |
| Spike glycoprotein | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| TDP1 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 24.9981 | 2 | 5 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 14.9601 | 1 | 1 |
| vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 84.8517 | 1 | 1 |
| Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 33.4915 | 1 | 1 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.2420 | 1 | 1 |
| 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 0.1380 | 1 | 1 |
| 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.2420 | 1 | 1 |
| 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 0.1380 | 1 | 1 |
| 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0026 | 1 | 1 |
| 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0007 | 1 | 1 |
| 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.3420 | 1 | 1 |
| 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.8540 | 1 | 1 |
| 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.4540 | 1 | 1 |
| 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.2380 | 1 | 1 |
| 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | IC50 | 0.4540 | 1 | 1 |
| 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | Ki | 0.2380 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0830 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0410 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.9650 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 1.1120 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.2200 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.1010 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.7630 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.2560 | 1 | 1 |
| Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 5.4620 | 1 | 1 |
| Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 5.4620 | 1 | 1 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme | Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) | IC50 | 0.9272 | 1 | 1 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme | Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) | Ki | 0.7596 | 1 | 1 |
| ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 5.5000 | 1 | 2 |
| Bile salt export pump | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| D(1A) dopamine receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.0920 | 1 | 1 |
| D(1A) dopamine receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.5460 | 1 | 1 |
| D(2) dopamine receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0024 | 1 | 1 |
| D(2) dopamine receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 10.5004 | 2 | 2 |
| D(3) dopamine receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0028 | 1 | 1 |
| D(3) dopamine receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 13.1005 | 2 | 2 |
| D(4) dopamine receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.5540 | 1 | 1 |
| Delta-type opioid receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.3092 | 2 | 2 |
| Delta-type opioid receptor | Mus musculus (house mouse) | IC50 | 0.6342 | 2 | 2 |
| Delta-type opioid receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.0106 | 4 | 6 |
| Delta-type opioid receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.8025 | 2 | 2 |
| Delta-type opioid receptor | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Ki | 0.5690 | 2 | 2 |
| Delta-type opioid receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 0.6117 | 2 | 3 |
| Histamine H1 receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 76.2150 | 2 | 2 |
| Histamine H1 receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.5250 | 1 | 1 |
| Kappa-type opioid receptor | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | IC50 | 5.8930 | 1 | 1 |
| Kappa-type opioid receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.5800 | 1 | 1 |
| Kappa-type opioid receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.0106 | 4 | 6 |
| Kappa-type opioid receptor | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | Ki | 0.1965 | 1 | 1 |
| Kappa-type opioid receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.1965 | 1 | 1 |
| Matrix metalloproteinase-9 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.6430 | 1 | 1 |
| Mu-type opioid receptor | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | IC50 | 0.0031 | 1 | 2 |
| Mu-type opioid receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0058 | 3 | 3 |
| Mu-type opioid receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.1471 | 6 | 9 |
| Mu-type opioid receptor | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | Ki | 0.0059 | 1 | 1 |
| Mu-type opioid receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0030 | 6 | 6 |
| Mu-type opioid receptor | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Ki | 0.0059 | 1 | 1 |
| Mu-type opioid receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 0.0653 | 5 | 9 |
| Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.8490 | 1 | 1 |
| Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.5370 | 1 | 1 |
| Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.2980 | 1 | 1 |
| Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 1.6510 | 1 | 1 |
| N-acetyltransferase Eis | Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv | IC50 | 12.2000 | 1 | 1 |
| Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 | Bos taurus (cattle) | IC50 | 0.9272 | 1 | 1 |
| Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 | Bos taurus (cattle) | Ki | 0.7596 | 1 | 1 |
| Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.3006 | 9 | 10 |
| Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.7596 | 1 | 1 |
| Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | IC50 | 3.5250 | 1 | 2 |
| Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.3540 | 1 | 1 |
| Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | Ki | 2.4743 | 1 | 1 |
| Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0004 | 1 | 1 |
| Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 1.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Solute carrier family 22 member 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 32.7650 | 1 | 2 |
| Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 7.6000 | 1 | 1 |
| Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 7.6000 | 1 | 1 |
| Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 7.6000 | 1 | 1 |
| Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 7.6000 | 1 | 1 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mu-type opioid receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.0191 | 4 | 7 |
| Mu-type opioid receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | EC50 | 0.0324 | 1 | 1 |
| Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 31.6000 | 3 | 3 |