haloperidol

Research Excerpts

Overview

Haloperidol is a commonly used antipsychotic drug and may increase neuronal oxidative stress associated with the side effects, including tardive dyskinesia and neurite withdraw. It is known to antagonize dopamine D2 receptors, which are abundantly expressed in the striatum. Haloperidl is a rapid and effective treatment for acute, severe, benign headache in ED patients aged 18 to 55 years.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Haloperidol is a commonly used antipsychotic drug and may increase neuronal oxidative stress associated with the side effects, including tardive dyskinesia and neurite withdraw. "	( Resveratrol prevents haloperidol-induced mitochondria dysfunction through the induction of autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells. Boz, Z; Chen, X; Hu, M; Huang, XF; Tang, R; Wang, R; Yu, Y; Zheng, K; Zheng, M; Zheng, P, 2021)	2.38
"Haloperidol (HPL) is a typical antipsychotic drug used to treat acute psychotic conditions, delirium, and schizophrenia. "	( Enhancement of Haloperidol Binding Affinity to Dopamine Receptor via Forming a Charge-Transfer Complex with Picric Acid and 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane for Improvement of the Antipsychotic Efficacy. Alamri, A; Alamri, AS; Alhabeeb, AA; Alhomrani, M; Alkhatabi, HA; Alsanie, WF; Alyami, H; Alzahrani, AS; Alzahrani, O; Felimban, RI; Gaber, A; Habeeballah, H; Raafat, BM; Refat, MS; Shakya, S, 2022)	2.52
"Haloperidol is a widely used antipsychotic agent that exerts antipsychotic effects through a strong antagonism of dopamine D2 receptors. "	( Haloperidol Prevents Oxytosis/Ferroptosis by Targeting Lysosomal Ferrous Ions in a Manner Independent of Dopamine D2 and Sigma-1 Receptors. Furuta, K; Hirata, Y; Hirayama, T; Nagasawa, H; Oh-Hashi, K; Oka, K; Takemori, H; Watanabe, H; Yamamoto, S, 2022)	3.61
"Haloperidol is a neuroleptic medication that is used to treat a wide range of neuropsychiatric conditions. "	( Inhibition of drug induced Parkinsonism by chronic supplementation of quercetin in haloperidol-treated wistars. Arshad, M; Farhan, M; Rafi, H; Rafiq, H; Rehman, S; Shakeel, S, 2022)	2.39
"Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic medication used in the treatment of schizophrenia that is known to antagonize dopamine D2 receptors, which are abundantly expressed in the striatum."	( Chronic treatment with D2-antagonist haloperidol leads to inhibitory/excitatory imbalance in striatal D1-neurons. Anjo, SI; Baltazar, G; Bessa-Neto, D; Coelho, JF; Cotter, D; Dunn, MJ; Manadas, B; Mendes, VM; Monteiro, P; Rodrigues, D; Santa, C, 2023)	1.9
"haloperidol is a rapid and effective treatment for acute, severe, benign headache in ED patients aged 18 to 55 years."	( Treatment of Headache in the Emergency Department: Haloperidol in the Acute Setting (THE-HA Study): A Randomized Clinical Trial. Aldy, K; Arnall, E; McCoy, JJ; Petersen, J, 2020)	1.53
"Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic drug commonly used to treat a broad range of psychiatric disorders related to dysregulations in the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA). "	( Haloperidol Interactions with the dop-3 Receptor in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aschner, M; Fachinetto, R; Ferrer, B; Krum, BN; Martins, AC; Milne, GL; Queirós, L; Soares, FAA, 2021)	3.51
"Haloperidol is an antipsychotic agent recently described as an antinociceptive drug able to mediate the antagonism of sigma-1 receptors while morphine is an opioid used in the treatment of neuropathic pain. "	( Haloperidol potentiates antinociceptive effects of morphine and disrupt opioid tolerance. Blanco-Hernández, Y; Espinosa-Juárez, JV; López-Muñoz, FJ; Mena-Valdés, LC, 2021)	3.51
"Haloperidol (HALO) is a weak base with very low aqueous solubility that is used as an antipsychotic drug. "	( β-Cyclodextrin-based ternary complexes of haloperidol and organic acids: the effect of organic acids on the drug solubility enhancement. Chantasart, D; Rakkaew, P; Suksiriworapong, J, 2018)	2.19
"Haloperidol (HAL) is a compound that shows a high affinity with these receptors, acting as an antagonist."	( Haloperidol Decreases Hyperalgesia and Allodynia Induced by Chronic Constriction Injury. Espinosa-Juárez, JV; Jaramillo-Morales, OA; López-Muñoz, FJ, 2017)	2.62
"Haloperidol decanoate is a typical antipsychotic drug used as maintenance therapy for schizophrenia and mood disorders formulated as an ester for intramuscular injection. "	( An acute oral intoxication with haloperidol decanoate. Dekkers, BGJ; Eck, RJ; Ter Maaten, JC; Touw, DJ, 2017)	2.18
"Haloperidol is an antipsychotic agent that primarily acts as an antagonist of D2 dopamine receptors. "	( Haloperidol Affects Plasticity of Differentiated NG-108 Cells Through σ1R/IP Babula, P; Csaderova, L; Hudecova, S; Krizanova, O; Kubickova, J; Lencesova, L; Novakova, M; Rozborilova, E; Stracina, T, 2018)	3.37
"Haloperidol is an antipsychotic agent and acts as dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) antagonist, as a prototypical ligand of sigma1 receptors (Sig1R) and it increases expression of type 1 IP"	( Disruption of dopamine D1/D2 receptor complex is involved in the function of haloperidol in cardiac H9c2 cells. Babula, P; Chovancova, B; Krizanova, O; Kubickova, J; Lencesova, L; Lopusna, K; Novakova, M; Novakova, Z; Rezuchova, I; Szadvari, I, 2017)	2.13
"Haloperidol is a first-generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychoses, especially schizophrenia. "	( Haloperidol-Induced Preclinical Tardive Dyskinesia Model in Rats. Cavalcanti, DMLP; Cavalcanti, JRLP; da Silva, ANA; da Silva, MSM; de Araújo, DP; de Sales, LGP; Guzen, FP; Pinheiro, FI, 2019)	3.4
"Haloperidol (Hal) is an antipsychotic related to movement disorders. "	( Influence of magnesium supplementation and L-type calcium channel blocker on haloperidol-induced movement disturbances. Burger, ME; da Silva Barcelos, RC; Kronbauer, M; Metz, VG; Milanesi, LH; Roversi, K; Rubert Rossato, D, 2019)	2.19
"Haloperidol is a classic antipsychotic drug known for its propensity to cause extrapyramidal side effects. "	( Brain and liver oxidative stress after sertraline and haloperidol treatment in mice. Abdel-Salam, OM; Khadrawy, YA; Sleem, AA; Youness, ER, 2013)	2.08
"Haloperidol is a benchmark, accessible antipsychotic drug against which the effects of newer treatments are gauged."	( Haloperidol dose for the acute phase of schizophrenia. Adams, CE; Donnelly, L; Rathbone, J, 2013)	3.28
"Haloperidol is a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist that induces catalepsy when systemically administered to rodents. "	( Dopaminergic mechanisms underlying catalepsy, fear and anxiety: do they interact? Brandão, ML; Colombo, AC; de Oliveira, AR; Reimer, AE, 2013)	1.83
"Haloperidol (Hal) is a ligand that can target sigma 2 receptors over-expressed in non-small cell lung cancer. "	( Feasibility of haloperidol-anchored albumin nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin as dry powder inhaler for pulmonary delivery. Hassanzadeh, F; Mardani, A; Rostami, M; Varshosaz, J, 2015)	2.21
"Haloperidol is an efficacious antipsychotic drug that has serious, unpredictable motor side effects that limit its utility and cause noncompliance in many patients. "	( Genetics of adverse reactions to haloperidol in a mouse diallel: a drug-placebo experiment and Bayesian causal analysis. Adkins, DE; Barrick, CJ; Crowley, JJ; de Villena, FP; Kim, Y; Lenarcic, AB; Miller, DR; Quackenbush, CR; Shaw, GS; Sullivan, PF; Valdar, W, 2014)	2.13
"Haloperidol is a potent antipsychotic drug but has a high propensity to cause adverse effects. "	( Haloperidol versus placebo for schizophrenia. Adams, CE; Bergman, H; Irving, CB; Lawrie, S, 2013)	3.28
"Haloperidol (HAL) is a butyrophenone antipsychotic agent which is highly lipophilic."	( Evaluation of intravenous lipid emulsion on haloperidol-induced hypotension in rabbits. Hosseinzadeh, H; Mohammadpour, AH; Moshiri, M; Vahabzadeh, M, 2016)	1.42
"Haloperidol is a benchmark drug for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia, but the genetics of its efficacy is yet to be elucidated."	( Genome-wide association study supports the role of the immunological system and of the neurodevelopmental processes in response to haloperidol treatment. Drago, A; Friedl, M; Giegling, I; Hartmann, AM; Konte, B; Rujescu, D; Schäfer, M; Serretti, A, 2014)	2.05
"Haloperidol (HLP) is a potent antipsychotic drug that is commonly used for the treatments of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders but has a tendency to cause adverse effects. "	( Evaluation of the in vitro cytogenotoxicity profile of antipsychotic drug haloperidol using human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Gajski, G; Garaj-Vrhovac, V; Gerić, M, 2014)	2.08
"Haloperidol is an effective antipsychotic drug for treatment of schizophrenia, but prolonged use can lead to debilitating side effects. "	( Neurochemical Metabolomics Reveals Disruption to Sphingolipid Metabolism Following Chronic Haloperidol Administration. Batman, AM; Beardsley, PM; Crowley, JJ; McClay, JL; van den Oord, EJ; Vann, RE; Vunck, SA, 2015)	2.08
"Haloperidol is a neuroleptic drug used for a medication of various psychoses and deliria. "	( Long-Term Haloperidol Treatment Prolongs QT Interval and Increases Expression of Sigma 1 and IP3 Receptors in Guinea Pig Hearts. Axmanova, M; Konecny, P; Krizanova, O; Masarik, M; Novakova, M; Olejnickova, V; Polanska, H; Slaninova, I; Stracina, T, 2015)	2.26
"Haloperidol is a representative typical antipsychotic drug and has potent dopamine receptor antagonistic functions; however, atypical antipsychotics have been developed and characterized an important advance in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders."	( Investigation into effects of antipsychotics on ectonucleotidase and adenosine deaminase in zebrafish brain. Bogo, MR; Bonan, CD; Oliveira, Rda L; Seibt, KJ; Senger, MR, 2015)	1.14
"Haloperidol is an effective antipsychotic agent, but it causes Parkinsonian-like extrapyramidal symptoms in the majority of treated subjects. "	( A Pharmacogenetic Discovery: Cystamine Protects Against Haloperidol-Induced Toxicity and Ischemic Brain Injury. Clark, JD; Dill, DL; Giffard, R; Nishimura, T; Nishimura, Y; Peltz, G; Sahbaie, P; Wu, M; Xiong, X; Xu, D; Xu, LJ; Zhang, H; Zheng, M, 2016)	2.12
"Haloperidol is a commonly prescribed antipsychotic drug currently administered as oral and injectable preparations. "	( Intranasal haloperidol-loaded miniemulsions for brain targeting: Evaluation of locomotor suppression and in-vivo biodistribution. Amin, MM; El-Setouhy, DA; Elzanfaly, ES; Ibrahim, AB; Khowessah, OM, 2016)	2.27
"Haloperidol is an antipsychotic drug that inhibits the dopamine D2 receptor among others. "	( Haloperidol aggravates transverse aortic constriction-induced heart failure via mitochondrial dysfunction. Bhuiyan, MS; Fukunaga, K; Hasegawa, H; Kanai, H; Shinoda, Y; Tagashira, H, 2016)	3.32
"Haloperidol is an antipsychotic. "	( Haloperidol Versus Ondansetron for Treatment of Established Nausea and Vomiting Following General Anesthesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Aouad, MT; Barakat, HB; Korjian, S; Siddik-Sayyid, SM; Yazbeck-Karam, VG, 2017)	3.34
"Haloperidol is a classical antipsychotic drug, which produces extra-pyrimidal Parkinson's symptoms (EPS)."	( Antagonism of haloperidol-induced swim impairment in L-dopa and caffeine treated mice: a pre-clinical model to study Parkinson's disease. Barodia, SK; Luthra, PM; Raghubir, R, 2009)	1.43
"Haloperidol (HAL) is a widely used neuroleptic drug for the treatment of acute and chronic psychosis. "	( Effect of alpha lipoic acid on the tardive dyskinesia and oxidative stress induced by haloperidol in rats. Himabindhu, G; Thaakur, S, 2009)	2.02
"Haloperidol is a commonly used, typical, antipsychotic drug (APD) that acts strongly against positive symptoms, but has fewer therapeutic effects on, or may even aggravate, negative symptoms and cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia. "	( Haloperidol promotes proliferation but inhibits differentiation in rat oligodendrocyte progenitor cell cultures. Kong, J; Li, N; Li, X; Mei, F; Niu, J; Wang, H; Xiao, L, 2010)	3.25
"Haloperidol is a potent dopamine receptor antagonist and used to treat psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia. "	( Neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion induces increase in nitric oxide [NO] levels which is attenuated by subchronic haloperidol treatment. Aguilar-Alonso, P; Baltazar-Gaytán, E; Bringas, ME; Flores, G; León-Chávez, BA; Negrete-Díaz, JV; Newton, S; Vazquez-Roque, RA, 2010)	2.01
"Haloperidol is an antipsychotic drug associated with the development of movement disorders. "	( Haloperidol-loaded polysorbate-coated polymeric nanocapsules increase its efficacy in the antipsychotic treatment in rats. Barcelos, RC; Beck, RC; Benvegnú, DM; Boufleur, N; Bürger, ME; Ourique, AF; Pase, CS; Reckziegel, P, 2011)	3.25
"Haloperidol is a butyrophenone derivative commonly used in many hospital units as an antipsychotic agent."	( Evidence of Haldol (haloperidol) long-term intoxication. Gerace, E; Pellegrino, S; Salomone, A; Vincenti, M, 2012)	1.42
"Haloperidol (HP) is a widely prescribed antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of mental disorders. "	( Alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone prevents oxidative stress in a haloperidol-induced animal model of tardive dyskinesia: investigating the behavioural and biochemical changes. Daya, RP; Mishra, RK; Skoblenick, K; Sookram, CD; Tan, ML, 2011)	2.05
"Haloperidol is a butyrophenone neuroleptic agent characterized as a high-affinity dopamine antagonist, originally used for the treatment of schizophrenia. "	( Role of haloperidol in palliative medicine: an update. Prommer, E, 2012)	2.26
"Haloperidol is a preferred agent for the treatment of delirium in this population because of its rapid onset of action and lack of hemodynamic effects."	( Haloperidol dosing strategies in the treatment of delirium in the critically ill. Ensom, MH; Loh, GW; Mabasa, VH; Wang, EH, 2012)	2.54
"Haloperidol is a recognised D2 receptor antagonist, and these findings suggest that music, by contrast, enhances DA activity and turnover in the brain."	( Changes caused by haloperidol are blocked by music in Wistar rat. del Río, MC; García-Mayórgaz, ÁD; Montilla, P; Quero, I; Tasset, I; Túnez, I, 2012)	1.43
"Haloperidol (HAL) is an antipsychotic drug that has high affinities to the dopamine D(2), but low affinities to D(1) receptors in the brain. "	( Chronic haloperidol-induced spatial memory deficits accompany the upregulation of D(1) and D(2) receptors in the caudate putamen of C57BL/6 mouse. Rose, GM; Xu, H; Yang, HJ, 2012)	2.26
"Haloperidol is a benchmark, accessible antipsychotic against which the effects of newer treatments are gauged."	( Haloperidol dose for the acute phase of schizophrenia. Adams, CE; Hamill, KM; Marti, J; Roque, M; Waraich, PS, 2002)	3.2
"Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic drug with inhibitory effects on dopamine and calcium homeostasis. "	( Modulation of the negative inotropic effect of haloperidol by drugs with positive inotropic effects in isolated rabbit heart. Bolukbaşi-Hatip, F; Hatip-Al-Khatib, I, 2002)	2.01
"Haloperidol (HAL) is a typical neuroleptic that acts primarily as a D2 dopamine receptor antagonist. "	( Haloperidol- and clozapine-induced oxidative stress in the rat brain. Bromberg, E; Caldana, F; Dal-Pizzol, F; Laranja, DC; Lima, MN; Moreira, JC; Polydoro, M; Quevedo, J; Roesler, R; Schröder, N, 2004)	3.21
"Haloperidol is a widely used antipsychotic drug, which exerts its effects via antagonizing the dopaminergic D2 receptors. "	( Chronic treatment of haloperidol causes vasoconstriction on basilar arteries of rats, dose dependently. Aydin, MD; Aydin, N; Bakuridze, K; Gepdiremen, A; Halici, Z; S Ahin, O; Unal, B, 2004)	2.09
"Haloperidol (HAL) is a typical neuroleptic that acts primarily as a D2 dopamine receptor antagonist."	( Haloperidol and clozapine, but not olanzapine, induces oxidative stress in rat brain. Dal-Pizzol, F; Lima, MS; Martins, MR; Moreira, JC; Quevedo, J; Reinke, A, 2004)	2.49
"Haloperidol is a receptor D2 antagonist frequently used in the treatment of schizophrenic patients. "	( Haloperidol treatments increased macrophage activity in male and female rats: influence of corticosterone and prolactin serum levels. Dorce, VA; Lourenço, GA; Palermo-Neto, J, 2005)	3.21
"Haloperidol is a representative of typical antipsychotics that are still in clinical use and which can lead to abnormal motor activity following repeated administration. "	( Enhanced 5-HT2C receptor signaling is associated with haloperidol-induced "early onset" vacuous chewing in rats: implications for antipsychotic drug therapy. Bieganski, GJ; Guillen, V; Mignon, L; Wolf, WA, 2005)	2.02
"Haloperidol is a high potency typical neuroleptic used in the treatment of schizophrenia but produces muscles related side effects commonly known as EPS."	( Effects of tryptophan and valine administration on behavioral pharmacology of haloperidol. Ahmed, SW; Ali, O; Haleem, DJ; Kamil, N; Obaid, R; Saify, ZS, 2005)	1.28
"Haloperidol is a prototype of typical APDs, and the other three drugs are atypical APDs, which are effective in reducing negative symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia, cause less side effects, and are more tolerable compared to haloperidol."	( Haloperidol and atypical antipsychotics share a same action of decreasing P75(NTR) mRNA levels in PC12 cells. Bai, O; Li, XM; Xu, H, 2006)	2.5
"Haloperidol is a classical neuroleptic drug that is still in clinical use and can lead to abnormal motor activity following repeated administration. "	( Haloperidol induces calcium ion influx via L-type calcium channels in hippocampal HN33 cells and renders the neurons more susceptible to oxidative stress. Choi, JH; Kim, EK; Kim, HS; Kim, YS; Ryu, SH; Suh, PG; Yumkham, S, 2006)	3.22
"Haloperidol is a potent antipsychotic drug but has a high propensity to cause adverse effects. "	( Haloperidol versus placebo for schizophrenia. Adams, CE; Joy, CB; Lawrie, SM, 2006)	3.22
"Haloperidol (HAL) is a typical antipsychotic drug and known to cause extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) that may be associated with the blockade of dopamine D2-receptors in nigrostriatal pathway by the drug. "	( Quetiapine reverses altered locomotor activity and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in rat caudate putamen following long-term haloperidol treatment. He, J; Jiang, W; Li, X; Li, XM; Xu, H; Yan, B; Zhang, Y, 2007)	1.99
"Haloperidol is a widely used neuroleptic drug for the treatment of acute and chronic psychosis. "	( Effect of spirulina maxima on the haloperidol induced tardive dyskinesia and oxidative stress in rats. Jyothi, B; Thaakur, SR, 2007)	2.06
"Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic with potent dopamine D(2) receptor antagonism."	( Haloperidol and clozapine differentially regulate signals upstream of glycogen synthase kinase 3 in the rat frontal cortex. Ahn, YM; Jeon, WJ; Juhnn, YS; Kang, UG; Kim, SH; Kim, Y; Kim, YS; Roh, MS; Seo, MS, 2007)	2.5
"Haloperidol is a classical neuroleptic drug that is still in use and can lead to abnormal motor activity such as tardive dyskinesia (TD) following repeated administration. "	( Protective effect of L-type calcium channel blockers against haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia: a behavioural, biochemical and neurochemical study. Bishnoi, M; Chopra, K; Kulkarni, SK, 2008)	2.03
"Haloperidol (HAL) is a typical neuroleptic that acts primarily as a D(2) dopamine receptor antagonist."	( Antipsychotic-induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Dal-Pizzol, F; Gomes, KM; Martins, MR; Petronilho, FC; Quevedo, J; Streck, EL, 2008)	1.07
"Haloperidol was observed to be an effective analgesic, alone and in combination with opiates, in a patient with severe radiation fibrosis and necrosis. "	( Haloperidol analgesia. Cohen-Cole, SA; Daw, JL, 1981)	3.15
"Haloperidol seemed to be an effective and useful agent for motor manifestations of the disease."	( [Effectiveness of haloperidol in the treatment of chorea minor]. Ejiri, K; Fuchigami, T; Fujita, Y; Harada, K; Hiyoshi, K; Miyakawa, M; Moriuchi, R; Ohkubo, O, 1995)	1.35
"Haloperidol is a widely prescribed antipsychotic that acts as a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist. "	( The effects of haloperidol on dopamine receptor gene expression. Fox, CA; Mansour, A; Watson, SJ, 1994)	2.08
"Haloperidol (HAL) is a potent butyrophenone antipsychotic agent which is reversibly metabolized to reduced haloperidol (RHAL). "	( Effect of quinidine on the interconversion kinetics between haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in humans: implications for the involvement of cytochrome P450IID6. Fossler, MJ; Hawes, EM; Hubbard, JW; Korchinski, ED; McKay, G; Midha, KK; Young, D, 1993)	1.97
"Haloperidol seemed to be an effective and tolerable agent in controlling the motor manifestations of the disease."	( Sydenham's chorea: a new look at an old disease. al-Eissa, A, )	0.85
"Haloperidol thus appears to be a partial agonist for the strychnine-insensitive glycine site associated with the NMDA receptor-channel complex."	( Haloperidol interacts with the strychnine-insensitive glycine site at the NMDA receptor in cultured mouse hippocampal neurones. Fletcher, EJ; MacDonald, JF, 1993)	2.45
"Haloperidol decanoate is a long-acting depot antipsychotic agent used for the treatment of schizophrenic patients. "	( A practical loading dose method for converting schizophrenic patients from oral to depot haloperidol therapy. Chang, WH; Jann, MW; Lin, HN; Piao-Chien, C; Wei, FC, 1996)	1.96
"Haloperidol (HAL) is a widely used and clinically effective neuroleptic. "	( [Erythrocyte ketone reductase activity, total plasma haloperidol and acute psychoses]. Cottencin, O; Dutoit, D; Erb, F; Goudemand, M; Leroux, JM; Pommery, J; Thomas, P; Vaiga, G, )	1.82
"Haloperidol (HPD) is a dopamine receptor blocker and a major causative agent of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. "	( Regulation of NK activity by the administration of bromocriptine in haloperidol-treated mice. Habu, S; Hozumi, K; Nishimura, T; Nozaki, H, 1996)	1.97
"Haloperidol is a substrate of CYP3A4 and an inhibitor, as well as a stimulator, of CYP2D6."	( Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol: an update. Ishizaki, T; Kudo, S, 1999)	1.35
"Haloperidol is a typical neuroleptic giving extrapyramidal side effects (EPS), whereas the atypical compound clozapine does not."	( Differential patterns of induction of NGFI-B, Nor1 and c-fos mRNAs in striatal subregions by haloperidol and clozapine. Brené, S; Olson, L; Ringholm, A; Werme, M, 2000)	1.25
"1. Haloperidol is a drug used in the management of several psychotic disorders and its use has been linked to Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome. "	( Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate (E-218) a preservative for drugs and food is an activator of the ryanodine receptor Ca(2+) release channel. Babini, E; Cavagna, D; Prestipino, G; Treves, S; Zorzato, F, 2000)	0.93
"Haloperidol is a potent antipsychotic drug but with a high propensity to cause adverse effects. "	( Haloperidol versus placebo for schizophrenia. Adams, CE; Joy, CB; Lawrie, SM, 2001)	3.2
"Haloperidol (H) is a neuroleptic drug that has one known biologically active metabolite, reduced haloperidol (RH). "	( Liquid chromatographic determination of reduced haloperidol and haloperidol concentrations in packed red blood cells from humans. Dysken, MW; Herzan, LA; Vatassery, GT, )	1.83
"Haloperidol was shown to be a powerful therapeutic agent when administered for 4 weeks and free of side effects; at doses ranging from 0.25 to 4.0 mg/day (M = 0.844), there was a clinically and statistically significant reduction of a variety of symptoms."	( The effects of haloperidol on discrimination learning and behavioral symptoms in autistic children. Adams, P; Anderson, LT; Campbell, M; Perry, R; Shell, J; Small, AM, 1989)	1.35
"Haloperidol decanoate is a depot preparation of haloperidol, a commonly used butyrophenone derivative with antipsychotic activity. "	( Haloperidol decanoate. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in psychosis. Beresford, R; Ward, A, 1987)	3.16
"Haloperidol is a safe and efficacious drug for use with disruptive patients in the emergency setting."	( Haloperidol for sedation of disruptive emergency patients. Clinton, JE; Ruiz, E; Stelmachers, Z; Sterner, S, 1987)	2.44

Effects

Haloperidol has a relatively weak effect on aggression when given alone and can also cause side effects such as early dyskinesia and epileptic seizures. It has a broad action in basal ganglia, causing changes in SNR and in the mediodorsal nucleus.

Haloperidol has long been used for the treatment of delirium. Has a relatively weak effect on aggression when given alone. Can also cause side effects such as early dyskinesia and epileptic seizures.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Haloperidol has a relatively weak effect on aggression when given alone and can also cause side effects such as early dyskinesia and epileptic seizures."	( The Use of Rapid Tranquilization in Aggressive Behavior. Hirsch, S; Steinert, T, 2019)	1.24
"Haloperidol, in contrast, has a broad and potent action in basal ganglia, causing changes in SNR and in the mediodorsal nucleus, while also altering GAD mRNA in RtN, potentially reflective of its dyskinetic and antipsychotic actions."	( Traditional and new antipsychotic drugs differentially alter neurotransmission markers in basal ganglia-thalamocortical neural pathways. Gao, XM; Hashimoto, T; Sakai, K; Tamminga, CA, 2001)	1.03
"Haloperidol has long been used for the treatment of delirium."	( Dexmedetomidine versus haloperidol for sedation of non-intubated patients with hyperactive delirium during the night in a high dependency unit: study protocol for an open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial (DEX-HD trial). Harada, H; Ikeda, K; Kamei, J; Kato, T; Kitajima, N; Kuriyama, A; Maeda, J; Matsuyama, A; Minami, T; Mizota, T; Ohtsuru, S; Sakai, Y; Sato, Y; Takatani, Y; Ueno, K; Watanabe, H; Yamaji, K; Yamashita, Y, 2023)	1.94
"Haloperidol has a relatively weak effect on aggression when given alone and can also cause side effects such as early dyskinesia and epileptic seizures."	( The Use of Rapid Tranquilization in Aggressive Behavior. Hirsch, S; Steinert, T, 2019)	1.24
"Haloperidol (HL) has successfully been used for nausea and abdominal pain in emergency departments (EDs). "	( Haloperidol Use in the Emergency Department for Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Nausea, Vomiting, and Abdominal Pain. Jehangir, A; Malik, Z; Parkman, HP; Repanshek, ZD; Reznick-Lipina, K; Shahsavari, D; Weiner, M, 2021)	3.51
"Haloperidol (HP) has been shown to have analgesic & antiemetic properties."	( Haloperidol undermining gastroparesis symptoms (HUGS) in the emergency department. Croft, B; Darracq, MA; Ramirez, R; Stalcup, P, 2017)	2.62
"Haloperidol has been utilized in the palliative care setting for similar symptoms."	( Randomized Controlled Double-blind Trial Comparing Haloperidol Combined With Conventional Therapy to Conventional Therapy Alone in Patients With Symptomatic Gastroparesis. Cardenas-Turanzas, M; Chambers, KA; Chathampally, Y; Paniagua, L; Patel, S; Roldan, CJ, 2017)	1.43
"Haloperidol has been extensively used in various psychiatric conditions. "	( Haloperidol induces pharmacoepigenetic response by modulating miRNA expression, global DNA methylation and expression profiles of methylation maintenance genes and genes involved in neurotransmission in neuronal cells. Banerjee, M; Swathy, B, 2017)	3.34
"Haloperidol and ketorolac have been recommended as therapies that may decrease opioid use for treatment of pain in emergency department patients. "	( Does administration of haloperidol or ketorolac decrease opioid administration for abdominal pain patients? A retrospective study. Bebarta, VS; Heard, K; Hoppe, JA; Monte, AA, 2020)	2.31
"Haloperidol has immunomodulatory effects when used to treat patients with schizophrenia and also is used to sedate critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. "	( Haloperidol suppresses murine dendritic cell maturation and priming of the T helper 1-type immune response. Fujino, Y; Goto, Y; Kashiwa, Y; Matsumoto, A; Ohta, N; Yamamoto, S, 2015)	3.3
"Haloperidol has been shown to be effective for migraine treatment."	( A Randomized Controlled Trial of Intravenous Haloperidol vs. Intravenous Metoclopramide for Acute Migraine Therapy in the Emergency Department. Bruner, DI; Frumkin, K; Gaffigan, ME; Pritchard, A; Wason, C, 2015)	1.4
"Haloperidol has the opposite effect - its long-term administration decreases the number of DCX-positive cells."	( Effects of neuroleptics administration on adult neurogenesis in the rat hypothalamus. Pałasz, A; Rojczyk, E; Wiaderkiewicz, R, 2015)	1.14
"Haloperidol has been included in the World Health Organisation's list of essential medicines."	( The consolidation of neuroleptic therapy: Janssen, the discovery of haloperidol and its introduction into clinical practice. Alamo, C; López-Muñoz, F, 2009)	1.31
"Haloperidol has long been used to manage agitation in dementia, but it is associated with increased side effects. "	( Multifocal myoclonus induced by haloperidol. Benito-León, J; Bermejo-Pareja, F; Domínguez, C, 2009)	2.08
"Haloperidol has some efficacy in the treatment of N/V in this patient group. "	( The efficacy of haloperidol in the management of nausea and vomiting in patients with cancer. Douglas, C; Gilshenan, K; Hardy, JR; O'Shea, A; Welch, L; White, C, 2010)	2.15
"haloperidol has been shown to cause the life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmia torsades de pointes."	( Influence of i.v. haloperidol on ventricular repolarization and monophasic action potential duration in anesthetized dogs. Amin, NB; Borzak, S; Mishima, T; Rasty, S; Sabbah, HN; Tisdale, JE, 2004)	1.38
"Haloperidol has also been reported to interact with calcium homeostasis through dopamine-2 and sigma-1 receptors, and other, yet unknown mechanisms."	( Haloperidol attenuates beta-amyloid-induced calcium imbalance in human fibroblasts. Janka, Z; Kálmán, J; Kemény, L; Kenderessy, AS; Kis, E; Palotás, A; Palotás, M; Penke, B; Vincze, G, )	2.3
"Haloperidol (HP) has been hypothesized to potentiate increases in oxidative stress or free radical-mediated levels of toxic metabolites in rat striatum while simultaneous upregulating dopamine (DA)-D2 receptors leading to presumed DA supersensitivity."	( Electron spin resonance spectroscopy reveals alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone spin-traps free radicals in rat striatum and prevents haloperidol-induced vacuous chewing movements in the rat model of human tardive dyskinesia. Fairfax, DF; Gupta, SK; Henry, P; Khan, RF; Mishra, RK; N-Marandi, S; Rogoza, RM, 2004)	1.25
"Haloperidol has been used extensively for the treatment of many psychiatric illnesses as well as for control of agitated patients. "	( Potentiation of haloperidol neurotoxicity in acute hyperthyroidism: report of a case. Chu, H; Hsu, YD; Lin, JC, 2004)	2.11
"Haloperidol has been shown to enhance attentional selectivity in conditioning procedures. "	( Haloperidol can increase responding to both discrete and contextual cues in trace conditioned rats. Cassaday, HJ; Nelson, AJ; Norman, C, 2005)	3.21
"Haloperidol has been found to be very efficient in controlling agitation with or without pain, nausea and/or vomiting of central origin, intestinal obstruction, and delirium."	( Stability of tramadol and haloperidol for continuous subcutaneous infusion at home. Azuara, ML; Barcia, E; Martín, A; Negro, S; Sánchez, Y, 2005)	1.35
"Haloperidol has been shown to induce the expression of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB)."	( Role of nigral NFkappaB p50 and p65 subunit expression in haloperidol-induced neurotoxicity and stereotyped behavior in rats. Aguilar, E; Bonastre, M; Marin, C; Saldaña, M, 2006)	1.3
"Haloperidol (HP) has been reported to undergo cytochrome P450 (P450)-mediated metabolism to potentially neurotoxic pyridinium metabolites; however, the chemical pathways and specific enzymes involved in these reactions remain to be identified. "	( Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol to pyridinium metabolites. Avent, KM; DeVoss, JJ; Gillam, EM, 2006)	2.05
"Haloperidol (HAL) has been hypothesized to increase oxidative stress, while clozapine (CLO) would produce less oxidative damage."	( Effects of chronic haloperidol and/or clozapine on oxidative stress parameters in rat brain. Agostinho, FR; Dal-Pizzol, F; Jornada, LK; Quevedo, J; Roesler, R; Schröder, N, 2007)	1.39
"Haloperidol has been shown to induce rapid and transient expression of c-fos messenger RNA and Fos protein in striatal neurons via dopamine D2 receptors. "	( Haloperidol-induced Fos expression in striatum is dependent upon transcription factor cyclic AMP response element binding protein. Heckers, S; Konradi, C, 1995)	3.18
"Haloperidol has recently been found to be metabolized to its pyridinium ion (HP+). "	( Comparison of cytotoxicity of a quaternary pyridinium metabolite of haloperidol (HP+) with neurotoxin N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) towards cultured dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells. Fang, J; Yu, PH; Zuo, D, 1995)	1.97
"Haloperidol has become the drug of choice for sedation of the acutely agitated, delirious adult patient in the critical care setting because of its well-documented efficacy and lack of major side effects. "	( The use of haloperidol in the agitated, critically ill pediatric patient with burns. Brown, RL; Greenhalgh, DG; Henke, A; Warden, GD, )	1.96
"Haloperidol (HAL) has been widely used in the elderly. "	( Symptom change and extrapyramidal side effects during acute haloperidol treatment in chronic geriatric schizophrenics. Pardo, M; Pollack, S; Weisbard, JJ, 1997)	1.98
"Haloperidol has been found to be metabolized to a pyridinium ion (HP+; 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]-pyridinium). "	( Effects of a quaternary pyridinium metabolite of haloperidol (HP+) on the viability and catecholamine levels of cultured PC12 cells. Fang, J; Yu, PH, 1997)	1.99
"Haloperidol treatment has been shown to produce oxidative stress in patients with acute psychosis. "	( Haloperidol-induced extrapyramidal reaction: lack of protective effect by vitamin E. Eranti, VS; Gangadhar, BN; Janakiramaiah, N, 1998)	3.19
"Haloperidol has been reported to induce polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias associated with QT prolongation. "	( Effect of magnesium sulfate on the haloperidol-induced QT prolongation assessed in the canine in vivo model under the monitoring of monophasic action potential. Hashimoto, K; Satoh, Y; Sugiyama, A; Tamura, K, 2000)	2.03
"Haloperidol and clozapine have been widely used to alleviate schizophrenic symptoms, but their physiological effects in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are not known. "	( Haloperidol and clozapine increase neural activity in the rat prefrontal cortex. Baeg, EH; Chung, Y; Chung, YK; Jang, J; Jung, MW; Kim, HT; Kim, SU; Kim, YB; Mook-Jung, I, 2001)	3.2
"Haloperidol, in contrast, has a broad and potent action in basal ganglia, causing changes in SNR and in the mediodorsal nucleus, while also altering GAD mRNA in RtN, potentially reflective of its dyskinetic and antipsychotic actions."	( Traditional and new antipsychotic drugs differentially alter neurotransmission markers in basal ganglia-thalamocortical neural pathways. Gao, XM; Hashimoto, T; Sakai, K; Tamminga, CA, 2001)	1.03
"Haloperidol has been used for decades to control agitation in dementia, but its effectiveness remains unclear."	( Haloperidol for agitation in dementia. Colford, J; Lonergan, E; Luxenberg, J, 2002)	2.48
"Haloperidol has the shortest onset of action, being effective within 30 minutes of intravenous administration."	( Comparison of droperidol, haloperidol and prochlorperazine as postoperative anti-emetics. Bennett, G; Loeser, EA; Machin, R; Stanley, TH, 1979)	1.28
"Oral haloperidol has no influence on the dopamine skin reaction, but increases the blanching in areas of antihistamine treatment."	( Dopamine effects on the microcirculation and veins of the skin after local application and their changes by antagonistic drugs. Dreesen, R; Stüttgen, G, 1979)	0.71
"Haloperidol has proved to be remarkably safe in this high dose regimen."	( Higher than usual dosage of haloperidol: a pilot study in 'back ward' schizophrenics. Declercq, H; Tanghe, A, 1976)	1.27
"Haloperidol has strong dopamine-blocking effects, and the hypothalamic inhibitory mechanism for PRL release is believed to be dopamine-mediated."	( Selective neuroendocrine effects of low-dose haloperidol in normal adult men. Gouin, PR; O'Connor, D; Poland, RE; Rubin, RT; Tower, BB, 1976)	1.24
"Haloperidol disposition has been associated with reversible metabolism: it is reversibly reduced to its metabolite, reduced haloperidol, which has less pharmacologic activity than the parent compound. "	( Reversible metabolism of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in Chinese schizophrenic patients. Chang, WH; Jann, MW; Lam, YW, 1990)	2.03
"Haloperidol has been used extensively for the treatment of psychotic disorders, and it has been suggested that the monitoring of plasma haloperidol concentration is clinically useful. "	( Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol. Davis, CM; Froemming, JS; Jann, MW; Lam, YW, 1989)	2.04
"Haloperidol decanoate has no intrinsic activity: its pharmacodynamic actions are those of haloperidol--primarily that of central antidopamine activity."	( Haloperidol decanoate. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in psychosis. Beresford, R; Ward, A, 1987)	2.44

Actions

Haloperidol did not increase DCFDs (adjusted RR 0.98 [95% CI 0.73-1.31], p = 0.87) It did not cause significant EPS after administration and blocked the increase in rearing time, rearings and crossings.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Haloperidol did not increase DCFDs (adjusted RR 0.98 [95% CI 0.73-1.31], p = 0.87)."	( Efficacy of haloperidol to decrease the burden of delirium in adult critically ill patients: the EuRIDICE randomized clinical trial. Boer, DP; Brouwers, AJBW; Devlin, JW; Gommers, DAMPJ; Hunfeld, NGM; Lens, JA; Osse, RJ; Ponssen, HH; Rietdijk, WJR; Schoonderbeek, JF; Simons, KS; Slooter, AJC; Smit, L; Trogrlic, Z; van den Boogaard, M; van der Jagt, M, 2023)	2.01
"Haloperidol did not increase the sedation level (RR: 1.88, 95% CI: 0.76-4.63) and mortality (RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.83-1.18)."	( Haloperidol for preventing delirium in ICU patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Buonanno, P; Iacovazzo, C; Kotfis, K; Marra, A; Servillo, G; Vargas, M, 2021)	2.79
"Haloperidol-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitrite generation as well as deficits in antioxidant enzymes activities were attenuated by chronic administration of vinpocetine."	( Vinpocetine prevents haloperidol-induced cognitive and working memory deficits through attenuation of oxidative and nitrosative stress in mice. Adeyemi, OO; Isaac, AI; Ishola, IO, 2020)	1.6
"Haloperidol induced increase in global DNA methylation which was found to be associated with corresponding increase in expression of various epigenetic modifiers that include DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and MBD2. "	( Haloperidol induces pharmacoepigenetic response by modulating miRNA expression, global DNA methylation and expression profiles of methylation maintenance genes and genes involved in neurotransmission in neuronal cells. Banerjee, M; Swathy, B, 2017)	3.34
"Haloperidol did not cause significant EPS after administration."	( Secondary nonmotor negative symptoms in healthy volunteers after single doses of haloperidol and risperidone: a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial. Arnaiz, JA; Bernardo, M; Fernández de Bobadilla, R; Gassó, P; Lafuente, A; Mas, S, 2013)	1.34
"Haloperidol blocked the increase in rearing time, rearings and crossings."	( Differential effect of clozapine and haloperidol on rats treated with methylphenidate in the open field test. Campos-Rodriguez, UE; Cano-Cruz, MA; Saldívar-González, JA, 2009)	1.35
"Haloperidol-induced increase of striatal enkephalin mRNA is totally abolished in NGFI-B KO mice whereas the increase of neurotensin mRNA expression is reduced by 50%."	( The transcription factor NGFI-B (Nur77) and retinoids play a critical role in acute neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal effect and striatal neuropeptide gene expression. Beaudry, G; Ethier, I; Lévesque, D; Milbrandt, J; Rouillard, C; St-Hilaire, M, 2004)	1.04
"Only haloperidol was able to increase the number of Fos immunoreactive neurons (FIr) in the dorsal striatum (vehicle: 0.07 +/- 0.07/0.1 mm(2), haloperidol: 28.3 +/- 8.9/0.1 mm(2), p < 0.01)."	( Cannabidiol increases Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens but not in the dorsal striatum. Del Bel, EA; Guimarães, FS; Guimarães, VM; Zuardi, AW, 2004)	0.78
"haloperidol, produce significant increases in dopamine and acetylcholine release in the medial prefrontal cortex in rats, effects believed to be related to the ability to improve cognitive function."	( Aripiprazole, a novel antipsychotic drug, preferentially increases dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in rat brain. Dai, J; Ichikawa, J; Li, Z; Meltzer, HY, 2004)	1.04
"Haloperidol promotes acute dystonia (3 RCTs n=93, RR 4.7 CI 1.7 to 44, NNH 5 CI 3 to 9), akathisia (4 RCTs n=333, RR 2.6 CI 1.4 to 4.8, NNH 7 CI 3 to 25) and parkinsonism (4 RCTs n=163, RR 11.7 CI 2.9 to 47, NNH 3 CI 2 to 5)."	( Haloperidol versus placebo for schizophrenia. Adams, CE; Joy, CB; Lawrie, SM, 2006)	2.5
"Haloperidol failed to increase PPI in subjects exhibiting low levels of PPI, but attenuated PPI in those subjects with high sensorimotor gating levels."	( Haloperidol differentially modulates prepulse inhibition and p50 suppression in healthy humans stratified for low and high gating levels. Csomor, PA; Feldon, J; Geyer, MA; Stadler, RR; Vollenweider, FX; Yee, BK, 2008)	2.51
"Haloperidol can inhibit DOI-induced HTR in mice, but fluoxetine can not."	( [Roles of fluoxetine and haloperidol in mouse models of DOI-induced head twitch response]. Dai, XM; Lu, Y; Ma, HW; Yao, Y, 2007)	1.36
"of haloperidol; this increase persists for 8 hr or longer."	( Increase of neurotensin content elicited by neuroleptics in nucleus accumbens. Costa, E; Govoni, S; Hong, JS; Yang, HY, 1980)	0.78
"Haloperidol prevented the increase of blood flow in the external layer but did not affect the cortical hemodynamic shift or the depressing influence of talinolol on the channel transport of sodium."	( [Effect of a blockade of the beta 1-adrenoreceptors on the hemodynamics, oxygen tension and sodium reabsorption in the rat kidney]. Kriukova, RA; Kuz'min, OB, 1984)	0.99
"The haloperidol-induced increase in the efflux of DOPAC and HVA was markedly attenuated in the 6-OHDA-pretreated rats."	( 6-Hydroxydopamine and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine selectively reduce dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolites in cerebroventricular perfusates of rats. Moore, KE; Nielsen, JA, 1983)	0.75
"Haloperidol failed to increase prolactin in newborn female rats; at 4 days, a significant increase was evidenced, and from then onwards the response rose markedly with age."	( A developmental study of adenohypophyseal dopaminergic receptors and of haloperidol-induced prolactin release in rats. Becú de Villalobos, D; Cardinali, DP; Libertun, C; Vacas, MI, 1984)	1.22
"Haloperidol was found to inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in sonicated platelets by 50% (IC50) at a concentration of 10(-4) M. "	( Haloperidol inhibition of monoamine oxidase in vivo and in vitro. Giller, E; Hall, H; Reubens, L; Wojciechoswki, J, 1984)	3.15
"The haloperidol induced increase in apomorphine induced stereotypy and [3H]spiroperidol binding could be antagonized by EB treatment during the withdrawal phase of the haloperidol treatment."	( Hypophysectomy induced hypersensitivity to dopamine: antagonism by estrogen. Diamond, BI; Fields, JZ; Gordon, JH; Perry, KO, 1981)	0.74
"The haloperidol-induced increase in the concentration of dopamine in pituitary stalk plasma appeared to be PRL mediated, since this effect of haloperidol was significantly attenuated in rats which had been pretreated with antiserum to PRL."	( Release of dopamine from tuberoinfundibular neurons into pituitary stalk blood after prolactin or haloperidol administration. Gudelsky, GA; Porter, JC, 1980)	0.96
"The haloperidol-induced increase in AP1 binding activity and intracellular Ca2+ was not reproduced by two other dopamine D2 receptor antagonists, sulpiride and (+)-butaclamol."	( Induction of c-fos, jun B and egr-1 expression by haloperidol in PC12 cells: involvement of calcium. Aunis, D; Esteve, L; Haby, C; Humblot, N; Rodeau, JL; Zwiller, J, 1995)	1.03
"The haloperidol-induced increase in evoked dopamine release from the nucleus accumbens was less than that from the striatum."	( Differential effects of dopamine antagonists on evoked dopamine release from slices of striatum and nucleus accumbens in rats. Takaki, T; Tanaka, M; Yamada, S; Yokoo, H, 1995)	0.77
"haloperidol) by their lower liability for producing motor side-effects."	( Different effects of subchronic clozapine and haloperidol on dye-coupling between neurons in the rat striatal complex. Grace, AA; O'Donnell, P, 1995)	1.27
"The haloperidol-induced increase of Fos-like immunoreactive (Fos-li) neurons in the basal ganglia was compared in the C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) inbred mouse strains. "	( Genetics, haloperidol, and the Fos response in the basal ganglia: a comparison of the C57BL/6J and DBA/2J inbred mouse strains. Hitzemann, B; Hitzemann, R; Patel, N, 1998)	1.26
"This haloperidol-induced increase in striatal DOPAC was similar after one injection and after 21 days of haloperidol administration."	( Chronic verapamil modifies striatal and frontal cortex dopamine levels. Guarneros, A; Sitges, M, 1998)	0.76
"The haloperidol-induced increase in DOPAC and HVA was less intense in primiparous rats than that in nulliparous ovariectomized rats."	( Reproductive experience reduces striatal dopaminergic responses in freely moving female rats. Cruz-Casallas, PE; Felicio, LF; Florio, JC; Hucke, EE, 1998)	0.78
"Haloperidol did not produce a consistent effect on dopamine release in the principal sulcus, although it increased dopamine release in the caudate."	( Clozapine preferentially increases dopamine release in the rhesus monkey prefrontal cortex compared with the caudate nucleus. Bradberry, CW; Goldman-Rakic, PS; Inglis, FM; Jedema, HP; Moghaddam, B; Pivirotto, PJ; Roth, RH; Youngren, KD, 1999)	1.02
"Haloperidol was found to increase the response time of the rats and had a modest effect on the motor components of the task."	( Intra-striatal haloperidol and scopolamine injections: effects on choice reaction time performance in rats. Blokland, A; Honig, W, 1999)	1.38
"Haloperidol did not increase NT/NN mRNA expression in the nucleus accumbens until postnatal day 15 and did not increase NT concentrations in this brain region until postnatal day 21."	( The effects of acute antipsychotic drug administration on the neurotensin system of the developing rat brain. Kinkead, B; Nemeroff, CB; Owens, MJ, 2000)	1.03
"Haloperidol promotes acute dystonia (three trials, n=135, RR 4.7 CI 1.7 to 44, NNH 5 CI 3 to 9 - not assuming those who left early from placebo suffered dystonis), akathisia (three trials, n=129, RR 6.5 CI 1.5 to 28, NNH 6 CI 4 to 14) and parkinsonism (four trials, n=165, RR 8.9 CI 2.6 to 31, NNH 3 CI 2 to 5)."	( Haloperidol versus placebo for schizophrenia. Adams, CE; Joy, CB; Lawrie, SM, 2001)	2.47
"Haloperidol alone did not lower body temperature, but it potentiated the body temperature lowering effect of NT77L."	( Neurotensin analog selective for hypothermia over antinociception and exhibiting atypical neuroleptic-like properties. Boules, M; Fauq, A; Jackson, J; McCormick, D; McMahon, B; Richelson, E; Stewart, J; Warrington, L, 2001)	1.03
"Haloperidol induced an increase in the serotonin transporter in the striatum and the core of the nucleus accumbens."	( Chronic clozapine, but not haloperidol, treatment affects rat brain vesicular monoamine transporter 2. Rehavi, M; Roz, N; Weizman, A, 2002)	1.33
"Haloperidol caused an increase in dopa and no change in 5-HTP formation."	( Agonist--antagonist interaction on dopamine receptors in brain, as reflected in the rates of tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylation. Carlsson, A; Kehr, W; Lindqvist, M, 1977)	0.98
"Haloperidol appeared to enhance and atropine to inhibit the degree of tolerance."	( Enhanced naloxone potency and the development of narcotic tolerance. Takemori, AE; Tulunay, FC; Yano, I, 1979)	0.98
"Haloperidol at the lower dose produced no significant changes but, at the higher dose, yielded relatively large (42%-143%) increases of NT concentrations in accumbens, caudate, and substantia nigra."	( Effects of the isomers of N-n-propylnorapomorphine and haloperidol on regional concentrations of neurotensin in rat brain. Baldessarini, RJ; Bissette, G; Campbell, A; Kilts, CD; Levant, B; Nemeroff, CB, 1991)	1.25
"Haloperidol prevented the increase in the methamphetamine-induced release of ACh, whereas the increased release of ACh produced by YM-14673 was partially antagonized by haloperidol."	( Effects of a new thyrotropin releasing hormone analogue, YM-14673, on the in vivo release of acetylcholine as measured by intracerebral dialysis in rats. Okada, M, 1991)	1
"Haloperidol did not produce any significant change."	( Amphetamine and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine affect the exercise-induced imbalance between the availability of tryptophan and synthesis of serotonin in the brain of the rat. Chaouloff, F; Elghozi, JL; Guezennec, Y; Laude, D; Merino, D; Serrurrier, B, 1987)	0.99
"The haloperidol-induced increase in dopamine synthesis (measured as the accumulation of DOPA after inhibition of aromatic amino acid decarboxylate) was antagonized by clonidine in the striatum as well as in the dopamine rich limbic regions."	( Activation of alpha 2-adrenoreceptors enhances haloperidol-induced suppression of operant behavior. Engel, JA; Goldstein, M; Johannessen, K; Liljequist, S, 1986)	1.01
"Haloperidol appeared to produce lower levels of psychopathology than flupenthixol but similar levels of side effects."	( Flupenthixol in chronic schizophrenic inpatients: a controlled comparison with haloperidol. Beninger, RJ; Delva, NJ; Ehmann, TS, 1987)	1.22
"Haloperidol caused an increase in both antagonist (3H-spiperone) labeled receptors and agonist (3H-N,n-propylnorapomorphine) labeled ones, whereas tiapride acted on the agonist binding sites and sulpiride acted on the antagonist binding sites."	( Effect of long-term dosing with tiapride on brain dopamine receptors and metabolism in rats. Comparative study with sulpiride and haloperidol. Kohjimoto, Y; Kuwaki, T; Nomura, Y; Ono, T; Satoh, H; Shibayama, F; Shirakawa, K, 1987)	1.2
"Haloperidol induced an increase in unitary discharges parallel to the elevation of the catecholamine level."	( Simultaneous monitoring of electrochemical and unitary neuronal activities by a single carbon fiber microelectrode. Ikeda, M; Matsushita, A; Miyazaki, H, 1985)	0.99

Treatment

Haloperidol treatment increased binding (+35%) to D2 dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens, where RWJ 37796 treatment had a considerably smaller effect (+12) Haloperidl treatment was withdrawn for up to 6 weeks and patients were evaluated for symptom recurrence.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Haloperidol-treated rats were divided into groups of DSS rats and non-DSS rats based on their voluntary locomotion data."	( Upregulation of heat-shock protein HSP-70 and glutamate transporter-1/glutamine synthetase in the striatum and hippocampus in haloperidol-induced dopamine-supersensitivity-state rats. Hashimoto, K; Hirose, Y; Iyo, M; Kanahara, N; Kimura, H; Kimura, M; Niitsu, T; Oda, Y; Shirayama, Y; Yoshino, K, 2021)	1.55
"Haloperidol treatment reduced the locomotor activity and increased the number of VCM in rats."	( Reversal of haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and neuroinflammation by isoflavones. Boeck, CR; da Silva Schmitz, I; de Lima, VB; Dorneles, GP; Mezzomo, NF; Peroza, LR; Romao, PRT; Schaffer, LF, 2022)	1.82
"haloperidol. Changes in treatment performance seem more frequent when SUCRA is employed as outcome measures in the spie charts."	( Estimating and visualising the trade-off between benefits and harms on multiple clinical outcomes in network meta-analysis. Chiocchia, V; Cipriani, A; Furukawa, TA; Leucht, S; Salanti, G; Schneider-Thoma, J; Siafis, S, 2023)	1.63
"haloperidol in the treatment of severe benign headache in the ED."	( Treatment of Headache in the Emergency Department: Haloperidol in the Acute Setting (THE-HA Study): A Randomized Clinical Trial. Aldy, K; Arnall, E; McCoy, JJ; Petersen, J, 2020)	1.53
"Haloperidol 1 mg/kg pretreatment prevented ketamine-dependent increases in fast sniffing and instead HFO coupling to slower basal respiration."	( Nasal respiration is necessary for ketamine-dependent high frequency network oscillations and behavioral hyperactivity in rats. Hunt, MJ; Jurkiewicz, G; Średniawa, W; Whittington, MA; Wójcik, DK; Wróbel, J; Żygierewicz, J, 2020)	1.28
"Haloperidol-treated rats were divided into groups of DSP rats and non-DSP rats based on locomotion data."	( Alterations in glutamatergic signaling in the brain of dopamine supersensitivity psychosis and non-supersensitivity psychosis model rats. Fujita, Y; Hashimoto, K; Iyo, M; Kanahara, N; Nakata, Y; Niitsu, T; Oda, Y; Oishi, K; Shirayama, Y; Takase, M, 2017)	1.18
"Haloperidol treatment significantly upregulated the levels of serotonin 5-HT"	( Deficient striatal adaptation in aminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission is associated with tardive dyskinesia in non-human primates exposed to antipsychotic drugs. Blanchet, PJ; Calon, F; Gasparini, F; Gomez-Mancilla, B; Hernandez, G; Lévesque, C; Lévesque, D; Mahmoudi, S, 2017)	1.18
"Haloperidol treatment significantly suppressed all of these behaviors in wildtype mice but not in DD mice."	( Light/dark phase-dependent spontaneous activity is maintained in dopamine-deficient mice. Fujita, M; Hagino, Y; Ikeda, K; Kasai, S; Kobayashi, K; Takamatsu, Y; Takeda, T; Tanaka, M, 2017)	1.18
"Five haloperidol-treated animals developed mild TD movements similar to those found in humans."	( Haloperidol-induced striatal Nur77 expression in a non-human primate model of tardive dyskinesia. Blanchet, PJ; Lévesque, D; Mahmoudi, S, 2013)	2.29
"Haloperidol treatment along with high, but not low, estradiol replacement was effective in reducing amphetamine-induced locomotor activity in sensitized rats."	( Estrogen potentiates the behavioral and nucleus accumbens dopamine response to continuous haloperidol treatment in female rats. Brake, WG; Madularu, D; Shams, WM, 2014)	1.34
"Five haloperidol-treated animals developed mild TD movements, and no TD was observed in the clozapine group."	( Upregulation of dopamine D3, not D2, receptors correlates with tardive dyskinesia in a primate model. Blanchet, PJ; Lévesque, D; Mahmoudi, S, 2014)	0.86
"Haloperidol treatment stimulated the expression of ABCA1 (+51%) and other genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport, that is, CYP7A1 (+98%) in livers of LDL receptor knockout mice."	( Haloperidol inhibits the development of atherosclerotic lesions in LDL receptor knockout mice. Hoekstra, M; Nahon, JE; Reuwer, AQ; van der Sluis, RJ; Van Eck, M, 2015)	2.58
"Haloperidol treatment lowered the susceptibility of hyperlipidaemic LDL receptor knockout mice to develop atherosclerotic lesions. "	( Haloperidol inhibits the development of atherosclerotic lesions in LDL receptor knockout mice. Hoekstra, M; Nahon, JE; Reuwer, AQ; van der Sluis, RJ; Van Eck, M, 2015)	3.3
"Haloperidol decanoate-treated animals, acting as controls for possible antipsychotic effects, did not have significantly altered neuronal EAAT2b mRNA levels."	( Glutamate transporter splice variant expression in an enriched pyramidal cell population in schizophrenia. Bauer, D; Haroutunian, V; Hasselfeld, K; McCullumsmith, RE; Meador-Woodruff, JH; O'Donovan, SM; Roussos, P; Simmons, M, 2015)	1.14
"Haloperidol treatment caused the significant decrease in the relative heart rate and the prolongation of QT interval of the isolated hearts from the haloperidol-treated animals, compared to the hearts isolated from control animals."	( Long-Term Haloperidol Treatment Prolongs QT Interval and Increases Expression of Sigma 1 and IP3 Receptors in Guinea Pig Hearts. Axmanova, M; Konecny, P; Krizanova, O; Masarik, M; Novakova, M; Olejnickova, V; Polanska, H; Slaninova, I; Stracina, T, 2015)	1.54
"Haloperidol treatment (9 µM) was able to decrease ATP hydrolysis (35%), whereas there were no changes in hydrolysis of ADP and AMP in brain membranes after antipsychotic exposure."	( Investigation into effects of antipsychotics on ectonucleotidase and adenosine deaminase in zebrafish brain. Bogo, MR; Bonan, CD; Oliveira, Rda L; Seibt, KJ; Senger, MR, 2015)	1.14
"Haloperidol-treated rats did not have altered expression of these subunits, suggesting the changes we observed in schizophrenia are likely not due to chronic antipsychotic treatment."	( Protein Expression of Proteasome Subunits in Elderly Patients with Schizophrenia. Haroutunian, V; Meador-Woodruff, JH; Rubio, MD; Scott, MR, 2016)	1.16
"Haloperidol treatment for 21 days impaired muscle co-ordination, motor activity and grip strength with an increased in orofacial dyskinetic movements."	( Beneficial effects of lycopene against haloperidol induced orofacial dyskinesia in rats: Possible neurotransmitters and neuroinflammation modulation. Datta, S; Deshmukh, R; Jamwal, S; Kumar, P, 2016)	1.42
"Haloperidol treatment increased the baseline dopamine levels in both non-sensitised and sensitised rats."	( Dopamine dynamics during emotional cognitive processing: Implications of the specific actions of clozapine compared with haloperidol. Inada, K; Ishigooka, J; Kawano, M; Kawano, T; Muraoka, H; Oshibuchi, H; Tsutsumi, T; Yamada, M, 2016)	1.36
"haloperidol-treated SIR animals."	( The α2C-adrenoceptor antagonist, ORM-10921, has antipsychotic-like effects in social isolation reared rats and bolsters the response to haloperidol. Cockeran, M; Dreyer, W; Harvey, BH; Sallinen, J; Shahid, M; Uys, M, 2016)	1.36
"Both haloperidol treatment and 6-OHDA injection reduced significantly PSA-NCAM, synaptophysin and GAD67 expression in the mPFC."	( Dopamine acting through D2 receptors modulates the expression of PSA-NCAM, a molecule related to neuronal structural plasticity, in the medial prefrontal cortex of adult rats. Blasco-Ibáñez, JM; Castillo-Gómez, E; Crespo, C; Gómez-Climent, MA; Guirado, R; Martínez-Guijarro, FJ; Nácher, J; Varea, E, 2008)	0.8
"Haloperidol treatment significantly induced the catalepsy as observed from increased descent time measured in the bar test."	( Neuroprotective effect of naphtha[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Alam, MM; Anwer, T; Azam, F; Barodia, SK, 2009)	1.07
"Haloperidol treatment (0.2 microM) doubled QKI-7 mRNA levels in U343 cells after 6 hours (p-value < 0.02). "	( Haloperidol changes mRNA expression of a QKI splice variant in human astrocytoma cells. Carlström, EL; Jazin, E; Jiang, L; Saetre, P, 2009)	3.24
"Haloperidol and clozapine treatment disrupted pup approach, pup retrieval, pup licking and nest building."	( The receptor mechanisms underlying the disruptive effects of haloperidol and clozapine on rat maternal behavior: a double dissociation between dopamine D(2) and 5-HT(2A/2C) receptors. Li, M; Zhao, C, 2009)	1.32
"Haloperidol treatment of rats increased levels of SNAP-25 (mean 24%, P=0.003), syntaxin (mean 18%, P=0.010), and VAMP (mean 16%, P=0.001), whereas clozapine increased only the VAMP level (mean 13%, P=0.004)."	( A novel mechanism and treatment target for presynaptic abnormalities in specific striatal regions in schizophrenia. Barakauskas, VE; Barr, AM; Beasley, CL; Davceva, N; Dwork, AJ; Falkai, P; Honer, WG; Ilievski, B; Jakovski, Z; Li, HY; Mancevski, B; Mann, JJ; Rosokilja, G; Thornton, AE; Wong, H; Ypsilanti, AR, 2010)	1.08
"Haloperidol treatment significantly reduced female proceptive behaviors in a dose-dependent manner."	( Conditioned ejaculatory preference in male rats paired with haloperidol-treated females. Girard-Bériault, F; Greggain-Mohr, JA; Ismail, N; Laroche, C; Ménard, S; Pfaus, JG, 2010)	1.32
"With haloperidol treatment both strains of rats showed a significantly greater maximum increase on MAP-induced dopamine release compared with respective control rats."	( Effects of dopamine antagonists on methamphetamine-induced dopamine release in high and low alcohol preference rats. Hishida, S; Kasuda, S; Kinoshita, H; Matsui, K; Minami, T; Nishiguchi, M; Nishio, H; Ouchi, H; Takahashi, M; Yamamura, T, 2010)	0.82
"Haloperidol treatment affects the expression of IP3 receptors of type 1 and 2 in cardiac atria, but not in cardiac ventricles."	( Haloperidol increases expression of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in rat cardiac atria, but not in ventricles. Fialova, K; Krizanova, O; Novakova, M; Sedlakova, B; Sirova, M, 2010)	2.52
"Haloperidol treatment reduced the voluntary activity and energy expenditure of DR mice and induced insulin resistance in these mice."	( Pharmacological modulation of dopamine receptor D2-mediated transmission alters the metabolic phenotype of diet induced obese and diet resistant C57Bl6 mice. de Leeuw van Weenen, JE; Parlevliet, ET; Pijl, H; Romijn, JA; Schröder-van der Elst, JP; van den Berg, SA; Willems van Dijk, K, 2011)	1.09
"Haloperidol open treatment was efficacious, and relapse was greater on placebo than with haloperidol continuation. "	( A 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot discontinuation trial following response to haloperidol treatment of psychosis and agitation in Alzheimer's disease. Cunqueiro, K; Devanand, DP; Marder, K; Pelton, GH; Sackeim, HA, 2011)	2.03
"In haloperidol treated rats, MP significantly reversed the reduction in mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values and increased the red blood cell (RBC) count and packed cell volume (PCV)."	( Effects of the hydroethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC (Fabaceae) on haematological profile in normal and haloperidol treated rats. Akindele, AJ; Busayo, FI, )	0.85
"Haloperidol and vehicle treated male mice heterozygous (HET) or homozygous (HOM) for the mutation, or wild type (WT), were evaluated for open field locomotion, catalepsy duration, pole test performance and rota-rod latency to fall."	( Alteration in RGS2 expression level is associated with changes in haloperidol induced extrapyramidal features in a mutant mouse model. Broner, EC; Greenbaum, L; Kohn, Y; Lerer, B; Lifschytz, T; Slonimsky, A; Zozulinsky, P, 2012)	1.34
"Haloperidol treatment during pre- and post-natal period affects maternal behavior and this may have long-term effects on the offspring. "	( The effect of haloperidol on maternal behavior in WAG/Rij rats and its consequences in the offspring. Dobryakova, YV; Dubynin, VA; Luijtelaar, GV, 2011)	2.17
"Both haloperidol and nicotine treatment decreased the transporter and α6β2* nAChRs (the asterisk indicates the possible presence of other nicotinic subunits in the receptor complex) when given alone, with no further decline with combined drug treatment."	( Nicotine reduces antipsychotic-induced orofacial dyskinesia in rats. Bordia, T; McIntosh, JM; Quik, M, 2012)	0.83
"Haloperidol treatment of primary astrocytes resulted in coordinated increases in QKI7 and GFAP expression."	( RNA-binding protein QKI regulates Glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in human astrocytes. Emilsson, L; Feuk, L; Halvardson, J; Jazin, E; Lindholm Carlström, E; Radomska, KJ; Reinius, B, 2013)	1.11
"Haloperidol pretreatment blocked the PPI tolerance produced by repeated apomorphine injections."	( Sensorimotor gating effects produced by repeated dopamine agonists in a paradigm favoring environmental conditioning. Feifel, D; Johnstone-Miller, E; Morgan, CJ; Priebe, K, 2002)	1.04
"Haloperidol treatment was not associated with significant weight gain."	( Weight and blood pressure change during clozapine treatment. Ball, P; Baymiller, SP; Buchanan, RW; McMahon, RP, )	0.85
"Haloperidol treatment markedly reduced locomotor activity but its cardiovascular effects were limited to a more rapid return of heart rate towards baseline levels."	( Acute effects of antipsychotic drugs on cardiovascular responses to stress. van den Buuse, M, 2003)	1.04
"Haloperidol-treated schizophrenia subjects exhibited an additional and consistent pattern of reduced attention (fixation) to salient features for neutral and happy."	( Emotion perception in schizophrenia: an eye movement study comparing the effectiveness of risperidone vs. haloperidol. Gordon, E; Green, MJ; Harris, AW; Loughland, CM; Williams, LM, 2003)	1.25
"Haloperidol treatment (1.5 mg/kg/day i.p., 21 days) also significantly increased the density of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor binding in the thalamus (73%), but had no effect on alpha(1)-adrenoceptor levels in any other region examined."	( Differential region-specific regulation of central alpha 1-adrenoceptor binding following chronic haloperidol and clozapine administration in the rat. Cahir, M; King, DJ; Mawhinney, T, 2004)	1.26
"In haloperidol-treated rats on the LSD, both plasma gamma-MSH and NIL gamma-MSH content were greater than in vehicle-treated rats (P<0.05) and did not increase further on the HSD; MAP was also no different."	( Suppression of gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone secretion is accompanied by salt-sensitive hypertension in the rat. Almog, S; Humphreys, MH; Mayan, H; Ni, XP, 2003)	0.83
"Haloperidol treatment slightly attenuated basal NF-kappaB activity."	( Different effects of five dopamine receptor subtypes on nuclear factor-kappaB activity in NG108-15 cells and mouse brain. Fukunaga, K; Takeuchi, Y, 2004)	1.04
"haloperidol treatment (Simpson-Angus Scale total score mean change: -0.61 olanzapine vs 0.70 haloperidol; P < 0.001; Barnes Akathisia Scale global score mean change: -0.27 olanzapine vs 0.01 haloperidol; P < 0.05)."	( Intramuscular olanzapine and intramuscular haloperidol in acute schizophrenia: antipsychotic efficacy and extrapyramidal safety during the first 24 hours of treatment. Alaka, K; Battaglia, J; Birkett, M; Bitter, I; Breier, A; Chouinard, G; Ferchland-Howe, I; Jones, B; Lindborg, SR; Meehan, K; Morris, PL; Pickard, A; Roth, J; Taylor, CC; Wright, P, 2003)	1.3
"Haloperidol treatment in mice induced a strong cataleptic state within 1 h of injection, reaching a maximal plateau after 2 h and lasting for 4 h."	( Quercetin, a bioflavonoid, reverses haloperidol-induced catalepsy. Kulkarni, SK; Naidu, PS, 2004)	1.32
"haloperidol-treated schizophrenic patients discharged from the hospital."	( Relapse in patients with schizophrenia: a comparison between risperidone and haloperidol. de Sena, EP; Miranda-Scippa, A; Oliveira, IR; Quarantini, Lde C; Santos-Jesus, R, 2003)	1.27
"Haloperidol-treated patients exhibited significantly greater increases in Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale at end of IM treatment and at endpoint (P<0.0001)."	( Ziprasidone and haloperidol in the treatment of acute exacerbation of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: comparison of intramuscular and oral formulations in a 6-week, randomized, blinded-assessment study. Benattia, I; Brook, S; Romano, SJ; Siu, CO; Walden, J, 2005)	1.4
"Haloperidol-treated patients exhibited significant decreases in gray matter volume, whereas olanzapine-treated patients did not."	( Antipsychotic drug effects on brain morphology in first-episode psychosis. Charles, C; Green, AI; Gu, H; Gur, RE; Hamer, RM; Kahn, RS; Keefe, RS; Lieberman, JA; McEvoy, J; Perkins, D; Sharma, T; Tohen, M; Tollefson, GD; Zipursky, R, 2005)	1.05
"Haloperidol pretreatment significantly modified haloperidol challenge effect on regional dopamine metabolite contents."	( Poor evidence for depolarization block but uncoupling of nigral from striatal dopamine metabolism after chronic haloperidol treatment in the rat. Chrapusta, SJ; Egan, MF, 2006)	1.27
"Haloperidol treatment had no significant effect on CB(1) receptor or [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding levels in globus pallidus."	( Subchronic haloperidol increases CB(1) receptor binding and G protein coupling in discrete regions of the basal ganglia. Andersson, M; Fuxe, K; Strömberg, I; Terasmaa, A, 2005)	1.44
"Haloperidol-treated patients also showed improvements from baseline in episodic memory, vigilance, and visuomotor speed but not in executive functioning or verbal fluency."	( Treatment of cognitive impairment in early psychosis: a comparison of risperidone and haloperidol in a large long-term trial. Davidson, M; Eerdekens, M; Harvey, PD; Rabinowitz, J, 2005)	1.27
"Haloperidol-treated patients improved only on domains of learning/memory."	( One-year double-blind study of the neurocognitive efficacy of olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol in schizophrenia. Breier, A; Gold, JM; Keefe, RS; Purdon, SE; Rock, SL; Young, CA, 2006)	1.28
"haloperidol in treatment of acute migraine headache in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study design."	( Haloperidol in the acute treatment of migraine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Honkaniemi, J; Liimatainen, S; Rainesalo, S; Sulavuori, S, 2006)	2.5
"Haloperidol posttreatment induced decreases in the accumulation of [125I] o- and m-BON."	( In vivo evaluation of radioiodinated 1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)-piperazine derivatives as new ligands for sigma receptor imaging using single photon emission computed tomography. Hirata, M; Mori, T; Ohmomo, Y; Soga, S; Umeda, T, 2006)	1.06
"Haloperidol and clozapine treatment significantly decreased the nigral expression of bax (p<0.05, p<0.01, respectively)."	( Differential nigral expression of Bcl-2 protein family in chronically haloperidol and clozapine-treated rats: role in neurotoxicity and stereotyped behavior. Aguilar, E; Bonastre, M; Marin, C; Saldaña, M, 2007)	1.29
"In haloperidol treated animals, the tumor uptake of [123I]14d was not significantly different to controls, while significant reduction of [123I]25 uptake was observed, supporting that [123I]14d uptake relates to melanin interaction, whereas part of the mechanism of [123I]25 uptake is related to its sigma 1-receptor affinity."	( Synthesis and evaluation of novel radioiodinated benzamides for malignant melanoma. Ballantyne, P; Berghofer, P; Chapman, J; Dikic, B; Greguric, I; Jackson, T; Katsifis, A; Liu, X; Loc'h, C; Mattner, F; Pham, TQ, 2007)	0.85
"Haloperidol treatment produced VCM in 40% of the treated rats and the concomitant treatment with V."	( Valeriana officinalis does not alter the orofacial dyskinesia induced by haloperidol in rats: role of dopamine transporter. Avila, DS; Burger, ME; Calixto, JB; Fachinetto, R; Ferreira, J; Pereira, RP; Rocha, JB; Villarinho, JG; Wagner, C, 2007)	1.29
"Haloperidol treatment also reduces aggregates formation, an effect that is maintained over time."	( Haloperidol protects striatal neurons from dysfunction induced by mutated huntingtin in vivo. Betuing, S; Brouillet, E; Caboche, J; Charvin, D; Déglon, N; Deyts, C; Luthi-Carter, R; Pagès, C; Perrin, V; Régulier, E; Roze, E, 2008)	2.51
"Haloperidol pretreatment did not reduce any of the behavioral effects of Delta-9-THC."	( Effects of haloperidol on the behavioral, subjective, cognitive, motor, and neuroendocrine effects of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans. Bhakta, S; Blaise, R; Braley, G; Cooper, T; D'Souza, DC; Oliver, S; Perry, E; Pittman, B; Ranganathan, M; Vendetti, M; Zimolo, Z, 2008)	1.46
"Haloperidol treatment resulted in a decreased number of motor patterns which were not directed by exteroceptive stimuli (non-exteroceptively directed motor patterns)."	( Caudate nucleus and programming behaviour in cats: role of dopamine in switching motor patterns. Cools, AR; Jaspers, R; Schwarz, M; Sontag, KH, 1984)	0.99
"Haloperidol treatment did not affect the binding affinity of these receptors."	( Dopaminergic stimulation of pituitary but not hypothalamic estrogen receptors in ovariectomized rats. Carrillo, AJ; Chamness, GC; Steger, RW, 1983)	0.99
"Haloperidol treatment resulted in no changes in the GABA content, a significant decrease in the glutamate content of the striatum and a significant increase in the aspartate content in the frontal cortex."	( Effects of subchronic treatment of methamphetamine haloperidol on the rat brain levels of GABA, glutamate and aspartate. Kaiya, H; Kondo, T; Namba, M; Okada, Y; Sanpei, F; Takeuchi, K; Yoshida, H, 1983)	1.24
"Haloperidol treatment significantly increased striatal gamma-aminobutyric acid content and glutamic acid decarboxylase activity by 17% and 16% respectively."	( Behavioural and biochemical alterations following haloperidol treatment and withdrawal: the animal model of tardive dyskinesia reexamined. Lapierre, YD; Rastogi, RB; Rastogi, SK; Singhal, RL, 1983)	1.24
"When haloperidol-treated guinea-pigs received cycloheximide (24 and 12 h before death), there was a substantial decrease in the response indicating that the biosynthesis and release of endorphins are increased by haloperidol."	( Haloperidol treatment increases the biosynthesis and release of endorphins in guinea-pig ileum. Milanés, MV; Puig, MM; Vargas, ML, 1984)	2.17
"With haloperidol treatment, symptoms decreased in all cases (21 to 88%) and clinical improvement was associated with an increased level of CSF HVA, often returning to the normal range."	( Dopaminergic dsyfunction in Tourette syndrome. Butler, IJ; Coyle, JT; Seifert, WE; Singer, HS; Tune, LE, 1982)	0.72
"Haloperidol treatment also increases the metabolites in both dark and light while apomorphine decreases both metabolites in dark and light and partially antagonizes the increase induced by haloperidol."	( Activation of dopamine-containing amacrine cells of retina: light-induced increase of acidic dopamine metabolites. Cohen, J; Hadjiconstantinou, M; Neff, NH, 1983)	0.99
"Haloperidol pretreatment dose-dependently potentiated the analgesic action of morphine and interfered with tissue morphine levels."	( Behavioral and pharmacokinetic interaction between morphine and haloperidol in the rat. Adamus, A; Melzacka, M; Vetulani, J, )	1.09
"Haloperidol treatment also increased salivation induced by L-noradrenaline as determined by dose-response relationships."	( Salivary secretion induced by L-DOPA in haloperidol-treated rats. Dvorkin, MA; Medina, JH; Pazo, JH; Tumilasci, OR, 1984)	1.26
"Haloperidol pretreatment prevents stereotyped behaviour induced by 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid, but does not change the effect on the electroshock test."	( Anticonvulsant action of 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid in the substantia nigra. De Sarro, G; Meldrum, BS; Reavill, C, 1984)	0.99
"Haloperidol or lithium treatment increased the relative amount of preproenkephalin A synthesized by 67-98% or 25-29%, respectively."	( Regulation of methionine-enkephalin precursor messenger RNA in rat striatum by haloperidol and lithium. Hong, JS; Sabol, SL; Yoshikawa, K, 1983)	1.21
"Haloperidol treatment resulted in a 52% increase in 3H-dopamine binding in the septum, whereas phenobarbital treatment caused no significant change."	( Increased mesolimbic dopamine binding following chronic haloperidol treatment. Kamer, RS; Kaplan, LJ; Solomon, PR; Turi, AR, 1981)	1.23
"In haloperidol-treated rats, higher doses of GBL are needed in order to increase the rate of dopa accumulation."	( Long-term application of haloperidol: effects on dopamine and acetylcholine receptors. Kummer, P; Stock, G, 1981)	1.08
"Haloperidol treatment promoted tumor growth even after ovariectomy and returned tumor PGE2 values to control levels."	( Hormone dependence of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumor growth: correlation with prostaglandin E2 content. Abou-Issa, H; Foecking, MK; Kibbey, WE; Matthews, RH; Minton, JP, 1982)	0.99
"Haloperidol pretreatment in one pair of twins abolished the excitation response but did not reduce increases in cortisol and growth hormone."	( Behavioral, biochemical and neuroendocrine responses to amphetamine in normal twins and 'well-state' bipolar patients. Brown, GM; Dibble, ED; Ebert, M; Gershon, ES; Gold, P; Guroff, JJ; Jimerson, DC; Jimerson, SS; Kessler, LR; Nurnberger, JI; Simmons, S; Storch, FI, 1982)	0.99
"Haloperidol treatment was able to partially block the effects of the ICV administered beta-[Tyr9]melanotropin-(9-18) on both the extinction and open-field activity."	( The interaction between beta-[Tyr9]melanotropin-(9-18), haloperidol and amphetamine in different behavior tests of rats. Coy, DH; Schally, AV; Telegdy, G; Vécsei, L, 1982)	1.23
"Haloperidol pretreatment on either day prevented these increases after L-DOPA."	( Brain catecholamine concentration during the first week of development in rats. Korányi, L; Phelps, CP; Tamásy, V, 1982)	0.99
"haloperidol-treated rats (1, 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg i.p.) display exaggeraged bracing reactions to passive displacement as well as to stimuli which do not actively challenge stable equilibrium."	( Morphine versus haloperidol catalepsy in the rat: a behavioral analysis of postural support mechanisms. De Ryck, M; Schallert, T; Teitelbaum, P, 1980)	1.33
"Only haloperidol pretreatment was observed to significantly alter the rats' ability to discriminate apomorphine."	( Lack of effect of choline and narcotic antagonists upon apomorphine discrimination. Schechter, MD, 1980)	0.72
"Like haloperidol-pretreated rats they were able to maintain uncomfortable postures on the vertical grid or horizontal bar; although signs of rigidity were noticed, the rats would fail to remain self-supporting when placed across metal bookends ("bridge" test)."	( Pharmacologic analysis of the postictal immobility syndrome in the rat. Kofman, O; Mintz, M; Myslobodsky, MS, 1981)	0.72
"Haloperidol treatment had no effect on the poor performance following hippocampal damage, but it impaired that of sham-controls on both measures."	( Impairments of search behaviour in rats after haloperidol treatment, hippocampal or neocortical damage suggest a mesocorticolimbic role in cognition. Oades, RD, 1981)	1.24
"Haloperidol treatment (2 hours) accelerated striatal DA turnover similarly in all age groups, by about 100%."	( Aging and haloperidol-induced dopamine turnover in the nigro-striatal pathway of C57BL/6J mice. Finch, CE; Osterburg, HH; Severson, JA, 1981)	1.39
"Haloperidol treatment led to a stimulatory effect in striatum, medial and lateral preoptic nuclei, and interpeduncular nucleus."	( beta-Endorphin and met-enkephalins: their distribution, modulation by estrogens and haloperidol, and role in neuroendocrine control. Barden, N; Cusan, L; Dupont, A; Labrie, F; Mérand, Y; Vaudry, H, 1980)	1.21
"Haloperidol treatment significantly increased dyskinetic movements and striatal dopamine D2 receptor density compared with controls."	( Suppression of oro-facial movements by rolipram, a cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, in rats chronically treated with haloperidol. Fukui, S; Hashimoto, K; Inada, T; Iyo, M; Sasaki, H, 1995)	1.22
"Haloperidol treatment also increased binding (+35%) to D2 dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens, where RWJ 37796 treatment had a considerably smaller effect (+12)."	( The effect of chronic treatment with a novel aryl-piperazine antipsychotic on monoamine receptors in rat brain. Offord, SJ; Ordway, GA; Shapiro, LA, 1995)	1.01
"Haloperidol treatment was withdrawn for up to 6 weeks and patients were evaluated for symptom recurrence."	( Increases in CSF levels of interleukin-2 in schizophrenia: effects of recurrence of psychosis and medication status. Gurklis, J; Kelley, ME; McAllister, CG; Miller, AL; Peters, JL; Rehn, TJ; van Kammen, DP; Yao, J, 1995)	1.01
"The haloperidol-treated group showed a significant increase in the predrug bolus counts from week 5, suggesting a conditioned response to the cage environment."	( Effect of prolonged treatment with haloperidol on "emotional" defecation and movement in rats in a well-habituated environment. Loneragan, C; Sachdev, P; Westbrook, F, 1994)	1.05
"Both haloperidol and clozapine treatment reduced the weight gain of the rats."	( Differential Fos-protein induction in rat forebrain regions after acute and long-term haloperidol and clozapine treatment. Koch, T; Korf, J; Sebens, JB; Ter Horst, GJ, 1995)	0.97
"This haloperidol treatment also induced a significantly increase in the frequency of involuntary chewing movements and tongue protrusions, which are considered as a model of tardive dyskinesia."	( Rolipram, a selective c-AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor suppresses oro-facial dyskinetic movements in rats. Fukui, S; Hashimoto, K; Inada, T; Iyo, M; Kitao, Y; Maeda, Y; Sasaki, H, 1995)	0.75
"Haloperidol-treated animals exhibited late onset increases in small amplitude oral movements and an increase in the percentage of oral movements in the 1-2 Hz range, accompanied by a decrease in oral movements in the higher frequency range (> 6 Hz) as determined by fast fourier analysis."	( Chronic haloperidol, but not clozapine, produces altered oral movements and increased extracellular glutamate in rats. Chapman, MA; See, RE, 1994)	1.44
"Haloperidol-treated rats showed an increase of DA, DOPAC, and HVA overflow in the PFC and the NAC-C."	( Dopamine increase in the prefrontal cortex correlates with reversal of haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats. Baptista, T; Fernandez, R; Hernandez, L; Murzi, E; Tucci, S, 1994)	1.24
"The haloperidol pretreatment attenuated the extracellular increase in glutamate produced by METH and blocked subsequent neurotoxicity to DA neurons."	( Methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity: roles for glutamate and dopamine efflux. Stephans, SE; Yamamoto, BK, 1994)	0.77
"Haloperidol treatment did not affect basal phosphoinositide turnover in the three brain regions."	( Effect of chronic haloperidol treatment on dopamine-induced inositol phosphate formation in rat brain slices. Chuang, DM; Kirch, DG; Li, R; Wyatt, RJ, 1994)	1.34
"Haloperidol treatment produced a 77% increase in apomorphine-induced sterotypy."	( Dopamine D1 receptor stimulation but not dopamine D2 receptor stimulation attenuates haloperidol-induced behavioral supersensitivity and receptor up-regulation. Chase, TN; Marin, C, 1993)	1.23
"The haloperidol-treated rats in the high-dose condition had significantly more bolus counts in the 2 hours after the injection than were observed in the groups treated with domperidone (a peripheral dopamine D2 receptor antagonist) or placebo."	( Neuroleptic-induced defecation in rats as a model for neuroleptic dysphoria. Loneragan, C; Sachdev, P; Westbrook, F, 1993)	0.77
"The haloperidol-treated group consisted of two women and 15 men, three inpatients and 14 outpatients, and seven patients with a comorbid chronic tic disorder."	( Haloperidol addition in fluvoxamine-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with and without tics. Goodman, WK; Heninger, GR; Leckman, JF; Lee, NC; McDougle, CJ; Price, LH, 1994)	2.21
"Haloperidol treatment was found to increase the number of binding sites of D2 dopamine receptors in striatum, olfactory tubercle, hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, while Bmax of D2 receptors in hippocampus was decreased by haloperidol treatment."	( Effects of long-term treatment of haloperidol on D2 dopamine receptors in various areas of rat brain. Ichinowatari, N; Mamiya, G; Ohtakeno, S; Watanabe, H; Watanabe, M, 1993)	1.29
"haloperidol in the treatment of agitated psychiatric patients in need of rapid tranquilization."	( A double-blind randomized clinical trial of rapid tranquilization with I.M. clonazepam and I.M. haloperidol in agitated psychotic patients with manic symptoms. Annable, L; Chouinard, G; Holobow, N; Szkrumelak, N; Turnier, L, 1993)	1.23
"Haloperidol-treated rats showed more response strategies based on visual or auditory cues, and less spatial response strategies than control rats."	( Haloperidol affects stimulus-dependent strategies and not reward-dependent strategies. Coenders, CJ; Kerbusch, SM; Vossen, JM, 1993)	2.45
"Haloperidol treatment significantly reduced plasma Mg but not plasma Ca or P levels."	( Effects of haloperidol on human plasma magnesium. Durst, R; Gardner, EL; Jabotinsky-Rubin, K; Lerner, J; Levitin, LA; Moscovich, DG; Silver, H; Van Praag, H, )	1.24
"Haloperidol treatment disrupted the sustained attention task performance by decreasing the number of behavior-initiated stimulus presentations, decreasing the number of reinforcers earned, increasing the proportion of errors of omission and increasing reaction time to the target stimulus."	( Effects of chronic haloperidol on reaction time and errors in a sustained attention task: partial reversal by anticholinergics and by amphetamine. Brockel, BJ; Fowler, SC, 1995)	1.34
"Haloperidol treatment (1 mg/kg/day for 21 days) increased apomorphine-induced stereotypies but did not modify striatal c-fos levels."	( Striatal c-fos levels do not correlate with haloperidol-induced behavioral supersensitivity. Bonastre, M; Marin, C; Tolosa, E, 1996)	1.28
"4. Haloperidol treatment decreased NGF levels in mouse hypothalamus and this effect did not differ at the two time points tested."	( Haloperidol treatment decreases nerve growth factor levels in the hypothalamus of adult mice. Alleva, E; Aloe, L; Cirulli, F; Della Seta, D, 1996)	2.25
"Haloperidol pretreatment, but not amphetamine or MK-801, increased calmodulin in striatal but not limbic forebrain membranes."	( Haloperidol and MK-801 block increases in striatal calmodulin resulting from repeated amphetamine treatment. Gnegy, ME; Hewlett, GH; Pimputkar, G, 1996)	2.46
"In haloperidol-treated rats hypersensitivity of the dopaminergic system developed at the end of 2 weeks' administration, as evidenced by depression of dopamine metabolism."	( Different effects of chronic administration of haloperidol and pimozide on dopamine metabolism in the rat brain. Antkiewicz-Michaluk, L; Karolewicz, B; Michaluk, J; Vetulani, J, 1996)	1.06
"Haloperidol animals pretreated with L-NAME i.p."	( Nitric oxide synthesis inhibition attenuates haloperidol-induced supersensitivity. Bozarth, MA; Pudiak, CM, 1997)	1.28
"Haloperidol treatment for 21 days resulted in an increase in angiotensin II AT1 receptor levels in the nucleus accumbens, accompanied by an increase in dopamine D2 receptors, but no change in dopamine D1 receptors."	( Upregulation of angiotensin II AT1 receptors in the mouse nucleus accumbens by chronic haloperidol treatment. Chai, SY; Jenkins, TA; Mendelsohn, FA, 1997)	1.24
"All haloperidol-treated rats developed oral dyskinesias at a significantly higher rate than rats treated with water (p = 0.0007) or those treated with clozapine (p = 0.0017)."	( The dose-response characteristics of rat oral dyskinesias with chronic haloperidol or clozapine administration. Cooper, TB; Gao, XM; Hashimoto, T; Tamminga, CA, 1997)	1.01
"Haloperidol-associated treatment-limiting adverse events were experienced by 41% of the patients."	( Relative efficacy of haloperidol and pimozide in children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder. Jackson, C; Nesbitt, L; Sallee, FR; Sethuraman, G; Sine, L, 1997)	1.34
"Haloperidol-treated rats had higher bolus counts than vehicle-treated rats, and this increase was significantly reversed by the lipophilic but not the hydrophilic beta-antagonists."	( The effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists on a rat model of neuroleptic-induced akathisia. Sachdev, PS; Saharov, T, 1997)	1.02
"A haloperidol-treated patient with chronic schizophrenia had a near-arrhythmic circadian rest-activity cycle, whereas rhythms of 6-sulphatoxy-melatonin and core body temperature were of normal amplitude and phase-advanced. "	( A schizophrenic patient with an arrhythmic circadian rest-activity cycle. Cajochen, C; Nussbaum, P; Wirz-Justice, A, 1997)	1.02
"In haloperidol-treated rats, tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cell counts were normal in ventral tegmental area but were decreased in substantia nigra by 34% at two weeks withdrawal and by 52% at four weeks withdrawal; cell counts were almost fully recovered by 12 weeks withdrawal."	( Haloperidol induces persistent down-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in substantia nigra but not ventral tegmental area in the rat. Garside, S; Levinson, AJ; Mazurek, MF; Rosebush, PI, 1998)	2.26
"Haloperidol treatment increased the [3H]spiperone-binding by 28%, the levels of D2L and D2S receptor mRNA by 41% and 38%, respectively, and the level of prolactin mRNA by 26%."	( Differential effects on D2 dopamine receptor and prolactin gene expression by haloperidol and aripiprazole in the rat pituitary. Hide, I; Hirose, T; Inoue, A; Kikuchi, T; Koga, N; Nakata, Y; Seto, M; Sugita, S, 1998)	1.25
"Haloperidol-treated rats displayed a significant emergence of NMDA stimulated oral activity (nondirected oral movements, oral tremor, audible teeth grinding, and directed oral movements)."	( Emergence of oral and locomotor activity in chronic haloperidol-treated rats following cortical N-methyl-D-aspartate stimulation. Grimm, JW; Kruzich, PJ; See, RE, 1998)	1.27
"Haloperidol pretreatment was unable to alter this pattern of behavior (i.e., rats still ran quickly when presented with the scent that predicted food availability)."	( Haloperidol does not affect motivational processes in an operant runway model of food-seeking behavior. Ettenberg, A; McFarland, K, 1998)	2.46
"Haloperidol-treated animals show potentiated LI, and it has been suggested that this is due to retarded switching to respond according to the stimulus-reinforcer contingency."	( Haloperidol-induced potentiation of latent inhibition: interaction with parameters of conditioning. Feldon, J; Ruob, C; Weiner, I, 1998)	2.46
"Haloperidol treatment has been shown to produce oxidative stress in patients with acute psychosis. "	( Haloperidol-induced extrapyramidal reaction: lack of protective effect by vitamin E. Eranti, VS; Gangadhar, BN; Janakiramaiah, N, 1998)	3.19
"Haloperidol-treated first-episode patients experienced statistically significantly more extrapyramidal symptoms than haloperidol-treated multiple-episode patients."	( Olanzapine versus haloperidol treatment in first-episode psychosis. Beasley, C; Grundy, S; Lieberman, JA; Sanger, TM; Tohen, M; Tollefson, GD, 1999)	1.36
"Haloperidol treatment did not alter glutamate concentrations."	( Cerebrospinal fluid glutamate inversely correlates with positive symptom severity in unmedicated male schizophrenic/schizoaffective patients. Bardgett, M; Csernansky, JG; Faull, KF; Faustman, WO; Pfefferbaum, A, 1999)	1.02
"Haloperidol-treated patients showed dose-dependently (Pearson r = 0.64; P < 0.05) a significantly higher (P < 0.05) mean occupancy rate of 84% (range 67-94)."	( In vivo 123I IBZM SPECT imaging of striatal dopamine-2 receptor occupancy in schizophrenic patients treated with olanzapine in comparison to clozapine and haloperidol. Asenbaum, S; Barnas, C; Brücke, T; Fischer, P; Kasper, S; Küfferle, B; Pezawas, L; Tauscher, J; Tauscher-Wisniewski, S, 1999)	1.22
"Haloperidol treatment for 34 weeks increased the optical density of preproenkephalin messenger RNA in individual striatal neurons and enkephalin peptide in the neuropil, regardless of the level of oral dyskinesia produced."	( The relationship between oral dyskinesias produced by long-term haloperidol treatment, the density of striatal preproenkephalin messenger RNA and enkephalin peptide, and the number of striatal neurons expressing preproenkephalin messenger RNA in rats. Andreassen, OA; Finsen, B; Jørgensen, HA; Ostergaard, K; Sørensen, JC; West, MJ, 1999)	1.26
"Haloperidol pretreatment dramatically potentiated the dopamine-releasing effect of amphetamine administration."	( Comparison of effects of haloperidol administration on amphetamine-stimulated dopamine release in the rat medial prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum. Pehek, EA, 1999)	1.33
"Haloperidol treatment generated a 248% increase in SMP O2- production rate when measured in the presence of NADH plus rotenone."	( Nitric oxide, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide production in brain mitochondria after haloperidol treatment. Arnaiz, SL; Boveris, A; Coronel, MF, 1999)	1.25
"Haloperidol treatment seemed to alleviate inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. "	( Old drug, new tricks: haloperidol inhibits secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Al-Saffar, Z; Bacon, PA; Golding, SP; Hutchinson, D; McLaughlin, PJ; Moots, RJ; Young, SP, 1999)	2.06
"Haloperidol pretreatment reduced impairments in executive cognitive functions produced by ketamine as measured by proverb interpretations and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test."	( Interactive effects of subanesthetic ketamine and haloperidol in healthy humans. Abi-Dargham, A; Abi-Saab, D; Bennett, A; Bowers, MB; Cassello, K; Charney, DS; D'Souza, DC; Heninger, GR; Karper, LP; Krystal, JH; Vegso, S, 1999)	1.28
"In haloperidol-pretreated rats, quinpirole induced intense head-down sniffing, rearing, grooming and object-directed oral activity."	( Differential behavioural effect of quinpirole in neuroleptic-pretreated rats - role of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor. Obuchowicz, E, 1999)	0.82
"The haloperidol treatment produced an area specific increase in Galpha(i)3 mRNA in the frontal cortex and a decrease of Galpha(i)3 in the striatum."	( Haloperidol treatment selectively affects expression of Galpha(i)3 subunit mRNA in specific regions of the rat brain. Kowalska, M; Kreiner, G; Nalepa, I; Sanak, M; Vetulani, J, )	2.05
"Haloperidol treatment is likewise shown to increase (897)Ser-NR1 phosphorylation in rats in vivo."	( Intracellular modulation of NMDA receptor function by antipsychotic drugs. Barczak, A; Carlson, RR; Coyle, JT; Heckers, S; Huganir, RL; Kang, S; Konradi, C; Leveque, JC; Li, XM; Macías, W; Rajadhyaksha, A, 2000)	1.03
"Haloperidol treatment produced a significant reduction in mu-receptor binding in the globus pallidus (P<0.05). "	( Decreased mu-opioid receptor binding in the globus pallidus of rats treated with chronic haloperidol. Baca, SM; Bower, CM; Egan, MF; Hamid, EH; Hyde, TM; Zaka, M, 2000)	1.97
"Haloperidol-pretreated animals showed markedly impaired active avoidance, deficits which were improved by 2.5 and 5 mg/kg but not by 10 mg/kg clozapine pretreatment."	( Low-dose clozapine pretreatment partially prevents haloperidol-induced deficits in conditioned active avoidance. Feldon, J; Murphy, CA, 2000)	1.28
"Haloperidol is the treatment of choice, but sometimes psychotic episodes were so intense that anticonvulsants had to be withdrawn, as this occurred in one of the reported cases."	( [Forced normalization]. Domzał, TM, )	0.85
"Haloperidol pretreatment inhibited the smoking-induced increase in absolute beta frequency."	( Effects of haloperidol pretreatment on the smoking-induced EEG/mood activation response profile. Ilivitsky, V; Knott, VJ; Mahoney, C; Walker, D, 2001)	1.42
"The haloperidol-treated group had significantly lower CSF-uncorrected and CSF-corrected left frontal NAA than the normal controls, with the clozapine group having intermediate concentrations."	( Effects of chronic haloperidol and clozapine treatments on frontal and caudate neurochemistry in schizophrenia. Blanchard, J; Brooks, WM; Bustillo, JR; Hart, BL; Jung, RE; Keith, SJ; Lauriello, J; Petropoulos, H; Rowland, LM, 2001)	1.12
"Haloperidol-treated patients showed a worsening on Simpson-Angus scale while there was no significant change in this measure in risperidone-treated patients."	( A double-blind randomised comparison of risperidone and haloperidol in the treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms in Chinese dementia patients. Chan, WC; Chiu, HF; Choy, CN; Lam, LC; Leung, VP; Li, SW, 2001)	1.28
"Haloperidol-treated animals displayed a supersensitive response to dexamphetamine."	( The demonstration of a change in adrenergic receptor sensitivity in the central nervous system of mice after withdrawal from long-term treatment with haloperidol. Dunstan, R; Jackson, DM, 1976)	1.18
"In haloperidol-treated animals the levels of homovanillic acid were significantly elevated in animals receiving tyrosine."	( Brain tyrosine level controls striatal dopamine synthesis in haloperidol-treated rats. Scally, MC; Ulus, I; Wurtman, RJ, 1977)	1.01
"Haloperidol-treated animals administered saline or acid-vehicle were, in five of six experiments, more active than animals withdrawn from vehicle-treatment."	( Long-term haloperidol-treatment of mice: a change in beta-adrenergic receptor responsiveness. Dunstan, R; Jackson, DM, 1979)	1.38
"Haloperidol pretreatment reduced this response in three patients and eliminated the euphoriant and activating response in the remaining seven patients."	( Haloperidol and lithium blocking of the mood response to intravenous methylphenidate. Belmaker, RH; Ebstein, RP; Wald, D, 1978)	2.42
"2. Haloperidol treated mice (premedicated with reserpine plus alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine) displayed an increased locomotor response to apomorphine and to apomorphine plus clonidine, but neither haloperidol- or vehicle-treated animals revealed any stimulant response to clonidine."	( The effect of apomorphine and clonidine on locomotor activity in mice after long term treatment with haloperidol. Dunstan, R; Jackson, DM, )	0.86
"Haloperidol treatment for stuttering was examined in a double-blind cross-over study of 26 adult volunteers with long-standing stuttering. "	( Haloperiodl in the treatment of stuttering. Campbell, L; Kelly, P; Murray, TJ; Stefanik, K, 1977)	1.7
"The haloperidol treatment enhanced the apomorphine-induced reduction of the striatal HVA content at the withdrawal stage in the 24-day-old and 34-day-old rat."	( Developmental change in striatal concentration of homovanillic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in response to apomorphine and haloperidol treatment. Komori, T; Nomura, Y; Okuda, S; Segawa, T, 1979)	0.94
"In haloperidol-pretreated rats the pattern of elimination of apomorphine from the striatum changed, revealing the presence of two compartments; this was not observed in the limbic forebrain, from which the elimination was linear, both in the presence and absence of haloperidol."	( Haloperidol-induced changes in the regional cerebral pharmacokinetics of apomorphine. Daniel, W; Melzacka, M; Vetulani, J; Wiszniowska, G, )	2.09
"Haloperidol-treated animals administered methylhyoscine (1 mg/kg i.p.) and various doses of physostigmine (5 to 1215 microgram/kg) displayed significantly less depression of locomotor activity than vehicle-treated animals."	( The demonstration of a change in responsiveness of mice to physostigmine and atropine after withdrawal from long-term haloperidol pretreatment. Dunstan, R; Jackson, DM, 1977)	1.19
"Haloperidol pre-treatment blocked the effects of apomorphine on PRL, TSH, and GH secretion."	( Differential effects of dopamine agonists and haloperidol on release of prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, growth hormone and luteinizing hormone in rats. Meites, J; Moore, KE; Mueller, GP; Simpkins, J, 1976)	1.24
"Haloperidol-treated rats developed statistically significant behavioral hypersensitivity relative to vehicle-treated controls (p < 0.01)."	( Synaptic plasticity in the rat striatum following chronic haloperidol treatment. Carvey, PM; Kao, LC; Kerns, JM; Klawans, HL; Sierens, DK, 1992)	1.25
"In haloperidol-treated rats, unlike naive animals, activation of neostriatal D2 dopamine receptors induced a potent presynaptic inhibition of glutamate-mediated excitatory synaptic potentials."	( Chronic neuroleptic treatment: D2 dopamine receptor supersensitivity and striatal glutamatergic transmission. Bernardi, G; Calabresi, P; De Murtas, M; Mercuri, NB, 1992)	0.8
"In haloperidol-treated epileptic rats, LCMRglc decreased to levels comparable to those measured in untreated control rats."	( Mapping of cerebral energy metabolism in rats with genetic generalized nonconvulsive epilepsy. Boyet, S; Marescaux, C; Nehlig, A; Vergnes, M, 1992)	0.8
"Haloperidol treatment increased the level of labeling in the entopeduncular nucleus and clozapine treatment increased labeling in the globus pallidus suggesting that these drugs exert different regulatory effects on pallidal neurons."	( Clozapine and haloperidol have differential effects on glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA in the pallidal nuclei of the rat. Chesselet, MF; Mercugliano, M; Salama, AI; Saller, CF; U'Prichard, DC, 1992)	1.37
"Haloperidol (HAL) treatment failed to block the stimulant-induced increase in kindling acquisition indicating that changes in dopamine (DA) are not necessary for the AMPH/kindling synergism to develop."	( Amphetamine sensitization and amygdala kindling: pharmacological evaluation of catecholaminergic and cholinergic mechanisms. Kirkby, RD; Kokkinidis, L, 1991)	1
"Haloperidol treatment (1 mg/kg) produced significant increases in the concentrations of NT in the nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus but not in the other brain regions studied."	( Effects of CI-943, a potential antipsychotic drug, and haloperidol on regional brain neurotensin concentrations. Bissette, G; Davis, MD; Heffner, TG; Levant, B; Nemeroff, CB, 1991)	1.25
"Haloperidol treatment did not modify the number of medium-sized enkephalinergic neurons expressing the D2 receptor mRNA."	( Striatal neurons express increased level of dopamine D2 receptor mRNA in response to haloperidol treatment: a quantitative in situ hybridization study. Bernard, V; Bloch, B; Le Moine, C, 1991)	1.23
"Haloperidol-treated patients reported significantly more drowsiness and increased sleep during treatment (p = 0.026 and 0.012, respectively)."	( A double blind comparative multicentre study of remoxipride and haloperidol in schizophrenia. Andersen, J; Birket-Smith, M; Fensbo, C; Fogh, M; Hansen, NR; Kristensen, M; Kørner, A; Møller-Nielsen, EM; Ostergaard, P; Thiesen, S, 1990)	1.24
"Haloperidol treated patients reported more tiredness and drowsiness than remoxipride treated patients."	( A double-blind multicentre study comparing remoxipride, two and three times daily, with haloperidol in schizophrenia. Beckmann, H; Bunse, J; Dittmann, V; Klieser, E; König, P; Laux, G; Schöny, HW; Schröder, HG; Schubert, H; Unterweger, B, 1990)	1.22
"Haloperidol-treated patients reported greater increases in sleep and salivation than remoxipride-treated patients."	( A double-blind comparative study of remoxipride and haloperidol in schizophrenic and schizophreniform disorders. Cosyns, P; de Bleeker, E; Deleu, G; Lotstra, F; Masson, A; Mendlewicz, J; Mertens, C; Parent, M; Peuskens, J; Suy, E, 1990)	1.25
"Haloperidol-treated patients reported also significantly more concentration difficulties."	( Remoxipride and haloperidol in schizophrenia: a double-blind multicentre study. Ahlfors, UG; Appelberg, B; Hagert, U; Harma, P; Katila, H; Mahlanen, A; Mehtonen, OP; Naukkarinen, H; Outakoski, J; Rimön, R, 1990)	1.35
"Haloperidol treatment for 3 or 7 days decreased K(+)-stimulated DA release by maximally 35%, but a 14-day treatment was not effective."	( Decrease in the evoked release of endogenous dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid from rat striatal slices after withdrawal from repeated haloperidol. Sumi, T; Umeda, Y, 1990)	1.2
"This haloperidol treatment was subthreshold for inducing either dopamine autoreceptor supersensitivity or postsynaptic supersensitivity as evidenced by equivalent metabolic reductions in chronically treated neuroleptic versus vehicle groups, and an absence of stereotypical responding in either condition."	( Behavioral evidence for dopamine receptor subsensitivity following chronic haloperidol. Lynch, MR, )	0.82
"Haloperidol treatment (14 or 21 days) provoked an increase in mRNA content for D2 receptor and preproenkephalin A in the striatum."	( Dopamine receptor gene expression by enkephalin neurons in rat forebrain. Bloch, B; Fouque, B; Guitteny, AF; Le Moine, C; Normand, E; Teoule, R, 1990)	1
"Haloperidol pretreatment did not antagonize the MK-801-induced stimulation of locomotion."	( The NMDA antagonist MK-801 causes marked locomotor stimulation in monoamine-depleted mice. Carlsson, A; Carlsson, M, 1989)	1
"Haloperidol treatment (2 mg/kg/day, i.p., 3 weeks), which has been reported to increase enkephalin levels in the striatum, induced a 23% decrease in striatal (posterior level A= +8.4-8.6 mm) NEP labeling (but no change of mu- and delta-sites)."	( Effects of repeated treatment with haloperidol on rat striatal neutral endopeptidase, and on mu- and delta-opioid binding sites: comparison with chronic morphine and chronic kelatorphan. Delay-Goyet, P; Roques, BP; Zajac, JM, 1989)	1.28
"Haloperidol treatment did not affect the concentration of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the two brain areas."	( Long-term haloperidol treatment decreases somatostatin binding in rat brain. Arilla, E; Colas, B; Lopez-Ruiz, MP; Perez-Oso, E, 1989)	1.4
"Haloperidol treatment for seven days produced a 25 to 125% increase in [3H]-spiroperidol binding to striatal DA receptors in a dose-dependent fashion."	( Striatal dopamine receptor supersensitivity after long-term haloperidol treatment of hypophysectomized rats. Camillo, MA; DeLucia, R; Scavone, C, 1989)	1.24
"Haloperidol pretreatment failed to significantly modify the mydriasis produced by phenylephrine or atropine."	( Mechanism of haloperidol-induced miosis. Chauhan, BS; Jain, IP; Lal, BB; Rastogi, CK; Srivastava, YP; Tripathi, CD, 1989)	1.37
"Haloperidol pretreatment attenuated cocaine-induced increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure but not heart rate."	( Effects of intravenous cocaine are partially attenuated by haloperidol. Jaffe, JH; Kumor, KM; Sherer, MA, 1989)	1.24
"In haloperidol-pretreated rats, ascorbate significantly lowered sniffing and forepaw shuffling throughout the amphetamine response."	( Ascorbate antagonizes the behavioral effects of amphetamine by a central mechanism. Basse-Tomusk, A; Block, M; Carpenter, M; Gardiner, TW; Rebec, GV; White, LK, 1988)	0.79
"Haloperidol treatment masked withdrawal-exacerbated tardive dyskinesia more than molindone did; this difference (measured by percent change in AIMS scores) was significant (p = .04) when the dose was 200% but not 100% of the prestudy neuroleptic dose."	( Molindone and haloperidol in tardive dyskinesia. Benarroche, CL; Glazer, WM; Hafez, HM, 1985)	1.35
"Haloperidol pretreatment accelerated this decay, confirming the increase in brain dopamine turnover induced by neuroleptics."	( Study of dopamine turnover by monitoring the decline of dopamine metabolites in rat CSF after alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine. Laude, D; Mignot, E, 1985)	0.99
"Haloperidol treatment, on the other hand, had no significant effect on dopamine and a biphasic effect on adrenaline content."	( Adrenal catecholamine concentration after chronic treatment with bromocriptine and haloperidol. Baksi, SN; Hughes, MJ; Strahlendorf, HK, 1986)	1.22
"Haloperidol treatment significantly increased the specific activity of the secretory vesicle-associated acetyltransferase without affecting the specific activity of the enzymes present in the endoplasmic reticulum or cytosol."	( Coordinate regulation of peptide acetyltransferase activity and proopiomelanocortin gene expression in the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary. Chappell, MC; Millington, WR; Mueller, GP; O'Donohue, TL; Roberts, JL, 1986)	0.99
"In haloperidol-pretreated animals subjected to VE (n = 7), plasma ANF was 81 +/- 8 pg ml-1 during VE, significantly higher than in the control animals."	( Atrial natriuretic factor, urinary catechol compounds and electrolyte excretion in rats during normal hydration and isotonic volume expansion. Influence of dopamine receptor blockade. Ande'n, NE; Grabowska-Ande'n, M; Hansell, P; Ulfendahl, HR, 1988)	0.79
"Haloperidol pretreatment resulted in an increase in the density of striatal D-2 dopamine receptors, but did not alter the density of cerebral cortical 3H-imipramine binding sites or beta-adrenergic receptors."	( Chronic antidepressant treatment and mouse brain 3H-imipramine binding. Anderson, B; Severson, JA, 1986)	0.99
"Haloperidol treatment did not block heroin reward."	( The dopamine hypothesis of opiate reward challenged. Ramsey, N; Van Ree, JM, 1987)	0.99
"Haloperidol pretreatment blocked place preferences induced by AMP but not by MPD."	( The effects of haloperidol on amphetamine- and methylphenidate-induced conditioned place preferences and locomotor activity. Fibiger, HC; Martin-Iverson, MT; Mithani, S; Phillips, AG, 1986)	1.35
"Haloperidol treatment decreased chorea but did not affect gait patterns."	( The gait abnormality of Huntington's disease. Koller, WC; Trimble, J, 1985)	0.99
"Haloperidol pretreatment marginally increased the effect of CBZ against PTZ induced seizures, but not against electrically induced seizures (MES and MET tests)."	( Influence of dopaminergic receptor supersensitivity on anticonvulsant action of carbamazepine. David, J; Joseph, T; Kadlimatti, SH; Nadig, RS; Somaja, L, )	0.85
"Haloperidol treatment dramatically increased the number of dark melanotropes and the amount of POMC mRNA in each cell and eliminated the cellular heterogeneity in both staining properties and the distribution of POMC mRNA."	( Dopaminergic regulation of the biosynthetic activity of individual melanotropes in the rat pituitary intermediate lobe: a morphometric analysis by light and electron microscopy and in situ hybridization. Chronwall, BM; Hook, GR; Millington, WR, 1988)	1
"With haloperidol pretreatment the uptake was lower, probably mainly showing the remaining unspecific binding."	( Dopamine receptors in pituitary adenomas: PET visualization with 11C-N-methylspiperone. Antoni, G; Bergström, K; Bergström, M; Hartvig, P; Långström, B; Lundberg, PO; Lundqvist, H; Muhr, C, )	0.59
"The haloperidol decanoate-treated rats showed lower levels of DOPAC and/or HVA than the rats of the other two groups."	( [Effect of haloperidol decanoate on the dopaminergic system in the rat brain]. Fujiwara, Y; Harada, T; Kashihara, K; Ogawa, T; Otsuki, S; Sato, M, 1986)	1.14
"Haloperidol-treated rats show brisk righting, bracing, and clinging reflexes, effects suggesting that motor subsystems subserving static postural support are dominant over those involved in more phasic locomotor and orienting movements."	( Forelimb placing and hopping reflexes in haloperidol- and morphine-treated cataleptic rats. Wolgin, DL, 1985)	1.26
"Haloperidol treatment increased enkephalins, the precursor, and PE-mRNA content in the striatum, suggesting that this drug might increase enkephalin steady state by increasing transcription, translation, or both processes."	( Use of mRNA hybridization and radioimmunoassay to study mechanisms of drug-induced accumulation of enkephalins in rat brain structures. Costa, E; Mocchetti, I; Schwartz, JP, 1985)	0.99
"In haloperidol-treated rats, bracing, i.e., resistance to displacement along a horizontal surface, was found to involve four components: gripping by the digits, extension by the limbs, stiffening of the body axis and arching the vertebral column towards the displacing force. "	( Fractionation of the cataleptic bracing response in rats. Chen, YC; Pellis, SM; Teitelbaum, P, 1985)	0.89
"The treatment of haloperidol-treated rats with quercetin was successful in reversing the haloperidol alterations."	( Inhibition of drug induced Parkinsonism by chronic supplementation of quercetin in haloperidol-treated wistars. Arshad, M; Farhan, M; Rafi, H; Rafiq, H; Rehman, S; Shakeel, S, 2022)	1.27
"Treatment with haloperidol should be carefully considered, especially in older patients and patients at risk of CVD or pneumonia, since the risk of death appears to be lower with non-haloperidol agents."	( Mortality Risk Associated with Haloperidol Use Compared with Other Antipsychotics: An 11-Year Population-Based Propensity-Score-Matched Cohort Study. Besag, FMC; Blais, JE; Chan, EW; Chang, WC; Chen, EYH; Lao, KSJ; Lee, EHM; Wong, AYS; Wong, ICK, 2020)	1.18
"Mice treated with haloperidol develop many of the features of TD, including jaw tremors, tongue protrusions, and vacuous chewing movements (VCMs)."	( Antipsychotic Behavioral Phenotypes in the Mouse Collaborative Cross Recombinant Inbred Inter-Crosses (RIX). Crowley, JJ; DeCristo, DM; Giusti-Rodríguez, P; Manuel de Villena, FP; Miller, DR; Nonneman, RJ; Quackenbush, CR; Ryan, A; Shaw, GD; Sullivan, PF; Xenakis, JG; Zhabotynsky, V; Zou, F, 2020)	0.88
"Pretreatment with haloperidol inhalation inhibited the MK-801-induced or memantine-induced increase in locomotor activity."	( Effects of haloperidol inhalation on MK-801- and memantine-induced locomotion in mice. Ishihara, T; Kitamura, N; Matsumoto, Y; Murakami, S; Okamoto, M; Suemitsu, S; Takahashi, Y; Ueno, H; Wani, K, 2020)	1.27
"Treatment haloperidol administered later in the ICU course was less protective of death."	( Association Between Incident Delirium Treatment With Haloperidol and Mortality in Critically Ill Adults. Briesacher, BA; Devlin, JW; Duprey, MS; Griffith, JL; Pickkers, P; Saczynski, JS; van den Boogaard, M; van der Hoeven, JG, 2021)	1.25
"Treatment with haloperidol according to a dose-titration protocol MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:: Thirteen children (median age [range] 8.3 yr [0.4-13.8 yr]) received haloperidol, predominantly IV (median dose [range] 0.027 mg/kg/d [0.005-0.085 mg/kg/d]). "	( Monitoring Haloperidol Plasma Concentration and Associated Adverse Events in Critically Ill Children With Delirium: First Results of a Clinical Protocol Aimed to Monitor Efficacy and Safety. de Wildt, SN; Ista, E; Jessurun, N; Slooff, VD; Tibboel, D; van Beusekom, BS; van den Dungen, DK, 2018)	1.22
"Treatment with haloperidol alone reduced the locomotor activity in the open-field test that was prevented by co-treatment with gabapentin."	( Gabapentin reduces haloperidol-induced vacuous chewing movements in mice. Ceretta, APC; de Freitas, CM; de Moraes Reis, E; Dotto, MM; Fachinetto, R; Machado-de-Ávila, RA; Reinheimer, JB; Schaffer, LF; Scussel, R, 2018)	1.15
"Mice treated with haloperidol showed an increase in microglial activation and inflammatory mediators in the striatum."	( Cannabidiol prevents haloperidol-induced vacuos chewing movements and inflammatory changes in mice via PPARγ receptors. Cunha, TM; Del Bel, EA; Guimarães, FS; Prado, DS; Raisman-Vozari, R; Sepulveda-Diaz, JE; Sonego, AB; Tirapelli, CR; Vale, GT, 2018)	1.12
"Pretreatment with haloperidol also reduced the facilitatory effect of apomorphine more effectively in RLA than RHA rats."	( Dopamine is involved in the different patterns of copulatory behaviour of Roman high and low avoidance rats: studies with apomorphine and haloperidol. Argiolas, A; Corda, MG; Giorgi, O; Melis, MR; Piludu, MA; Sanna, F, 2014)	0.93
"Pretreatment of haloperidol significantly reduced the radiotracer accumulation of [(99m)Tc]23 or [(99m)Tc]24 in the brain."	( Novel cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl (99m)tc complexes containing 1-piperonylpiperazine moiety: potential imaging probes for sigma-1 receptors. Brust, P; Cui, M; Deuther-Conrad, W; Jia, B; Jia, H; Li, D; Liu, B; Lu, J; Steinbach, J; Wang, X; Xie, Y, 2014)	0.74
"Treatment with haloperidol has been shown, in studies using death certificates and prescription files, to be associated with an excess of sudden cardiac deaths, and regulatory warnings highlight this risk in patients with dementia. "	( Haloperidol and sudden cardiac death in dementia: autopsy findings in psychiatric inpatients. Correll, CU; Grudnikoff, E; Ifteni, P; Kane, JM; Koppel, J; Kremen, N; Manu, P, 2015)	2.21
"Rats treated with haloperidol decanoate (HAL; 21mg/kg every 3weeks, IM) for 12weeks were concurrently treated with LA (10 or 20mg/kg, PO)."	( Lipoic acid and haloperidol-induced vacuous chewing movements: Implications for prophylactic antioxidant use in tardive dyskinesia. Andreazza, AC; Fletcher, PJ; Lister, J; Navaid, B; Nesarajah, Y; Nobrega, JN; Remington, G; Teo, C; Wilson, AA; Wilson, VS, 2017)	1.12
"Rats treated with haloperidol orally at a dose of for a period of 5 weeks developed VCMs, which increased progressively as the treatment continued for 5 weeks."	( Report: Protective effects of rice bran oil in haloperidol-induced tardive dyskinesia and serotonergic responses in rats. Haleem, DJ; Haleem, MA; Samad, N, 2016)	1.01
"Treatment with haloperidol or LY379268 normalized novelty-induced locomotor hyperactivity in GLAST KO."	( Loss of glial glutamate and aspartate transporter (excitatory amino acid transporter 1) causes locomotor hyperactivity and exaggerated responses to psychotomimetics: rescue by haloperidol and metabotropic glutamate 2/3 agonist. Heilig, M; Holmes, A; Karlsson, RM; Tanaka, K, 2008)	0.88
"treated with haloperidol (1.0 mg/kg) or ziprasidone (4.0 mg/kg) for 15 days."	( Haloperidol (but not ziprasidone) withdrawal potentiates sensitization to the hyperlocomotor effect of cocaine in mice. Alvarez, Jdo N; Carvalho, Rde C; Frussa-Filho, R; Fukushiro, DF; Ribeiro, LT; Ricardo, VP, 2008)	2.14
"The treatment with haloperidol more often results in movement disorders, sleepiness, inhibition, sexual dysfunction and cholinolytic effects."	( [Peculiarities of neuroleptic syndrome in women treated with typical and atypical neuroleptics]. Chitaia, NN; Danilov, DS; Tiuvina, NA, 2009)	0.67
"Treatment with haloperidol reduced the inhibitory effect of SRIF on adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity."	( Effects of the antipsychotic drug haloperidol on the somastostatinergic system in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Arilla-Ferreiro, E; Busto, R; Cano, S; Dávalos, A; de la Peña, G; Hernández-Pinto, AM; Lasunción, MA; Puebla-Jiménez, L; Sánchez-Wandelmer, J, 2009)	0.97
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) alone also decreased locomotion, increased cataleptic activity and immobility time in the tail suspension test."	( Central nervous system effects of the essential oil of the leaves of Alpinia zerumbet in mice. de Araújo, FY; de Moraes, MO; de Oliveira, GV; de Sousa, FC; Leal, LK; Macêdo, DS; Moura, BA; Silva, MI; Vasconcelos, SM; Viana, GS, 2009)	0.68
"Pretreatment with haloperidol, spiperone, pimozide, aripiprazole and risperidone markedly inhibited high potassium-evoked dopamine release."	( Haloperidol, spiperone, pimozide and aripiprazole reduce intracellular dopamine content in PC12 cells and rat mesencephalic cultures: Implication of inhibition of vesicular transport. Akaike, A; Izumi, Y; Kume, T; Matsuo, T; Sawada, H; Takada-Takatori, Y; Wakita, S, 2010)	2.13
"Treatment with haloperidol did not affect bone density."	( The atypical anti-psychotic clozapine decreases bone mass in rats in vivo. Callon, K; Cheng, A; Cornish, J; Costa, JL; Gamble, G; Grey, A; Lin, JM; Shepherd, PR; Smith, G; Vickers, MH; Watson, M, 2011)	0.71
"Rats treated with haloperidol at doses of 0.5-5.0 mg/kg exhibited impaired motor coordination and a decrease in exploratory activity in an open field."	( Reversal of haloperidol-induced motor deficits by mianserin and mesulergine in rats. Haleem, DJ; Shireen, E, 2011)	1.07
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (0.2-1.0 mg/kg i.p.) prevented the development of morphine tolerance and dependence in a dose-dependent manner."	( Haloperidol disrupts opioid-antinociceptive tolerance and physical dependence. Chen, Y; Tang, L; Wang, ZJ; Yang, C, 2011)	2.14
"Treatment with haloperidol resulted in more side effects."	( Aripiprazole and haloperidol in the treatment of delirium. Boettger, S; Breitbart, W; Friedlander, M; Passik, S, 2011)	1.05
"Rats treated with haloperidol or haloperidol plus NGB 2904 or nafadotride developed catalepsy sensitization with repeated conditioning."	( Reduced expression of haloperidol conditioned catalepsy in rats by the dopamine D3 receptor antagonists nafadotride and NGB 2904. Banasikowski, TJ; Beninger, RJ, 2012)	1.02
"Treatment with haloperidol should be avoided in extremely slow and extremely rapid metabolizers of CYP2D6 substrates. "	( The impact of the CYP2D6 polymorphism on haloperidol pharmacokinetics and on the outcome of haloperidol treatment. Brockmöller, J; Kirchheiner, J; Müller-Oerlinghausen, B; Roots, I; Sachse, C; Schmider, J; Walter, S, 2002)	0.93
"Treatment with haloperidol resulted in an acute elevation of cortical APP both in therapeutic and toxic doses, however, it had no significant chronic impact on APP."	( Effect of haloperidol and risperidone on amyloid precursor protein levels in vivo. Hugyecz, M; Janka, Z; Kálmán, J; Molnár, J; Pákáski, M; Palotás, A; Palotás, M; Penke, B, 2003)	1.06
"Pretreatment with haloperidol blocked the [(18)F]FE-SA5845 binding to give PET-images with low and uniform uptake in the brain."	( Evaluation of [18F]fluorinated sigma receptor ligands in the conscious monkey brain. Elsinga, PH; Harada, N; Ishiwata, K; Kakiuchi, T; Kawamura, K; Kimura, Y; Kobayashi, T; Tsukada, H; Vaalburg, W, 2004)	0.65
"Treatment with haloperidol also led the reduction of phosphorylation levels of Akt, and activated caspase-3."	( Neurotoxic potential of haloperidol in comparison with risperidone: implication of Akt-mediated signal changes by haloperidol. Hashimoto, E; Ozawa, H; Saito, T; Tateno, M; Ukai, W, 2004)	0.97
"Pretreatment with haloperidol or risperidone abolished the effects of acute d-amphetamine on NT-LI and NPY-LI."	( Effects of acute and subchronic d-amphetamine on ventral striatal concentrations of neurotensin and neuropeptide Y in rats treated with antipsychotic drugs. Gruber, SH; Mathé, AA; Nomikos, GG, 2006)	0.66
"Rats treated with haloperidol at a dose of 1 mg/kg exhibited impaired motor coordination and a decrease in exploratory activity."	( Reversal of haloperidol-induced extrapyramidal symptoms by buspirone: a time-related study. Haleem, DJ; Haleem, MA; Samad, N, 2007)	1.04
"treated with haloperidol (1.0 mg/kg) and/or ziprasidone (4.0 mg/kg) for 15 days."	( Haloperidol (but not ziprasidone) withdrawal enhances cocaine-induced locomotor activation and conditioned place preference in mice. Alvarez, Jdo N; Chinen, CC; de Castro, JP; Frussa-Filho, R; Fukushiro, DF; Tatsu, JA, 2007)	2.14
"Pre-treatment with haloperidol plus 8.0 mg/kg of CPA and 25 and 50 mg/kg of LH reverted the treatment effect."	( Involvement of the histaminergic system on appetitive learning and its interaction with haloperidol in goldfish. Mattioli, R; Medalha, CC, 2007)	0.88
"Treatment with haloperidol could significantly increase the PI than the treatment with risperidone (p<0.01) throughout the treatment course."	( Effects of haloperidol and risperidone on cerebrohemodynamics in drug-naive schizophrenic patients. Chou, YH; Lee, SM; Li, MH; Wan, FJ; Yen, MH, 2008)	1.08
"Rats treated with haloperidol at a dose of 1 mg/kg twice a day for 2 weeks displayed VCMs with twitching of facial musculature that increased in a time dependent manner as the treatment continued to 5 weeks."	( Reversal of haloperidol-induced tardive vacuous chewing movements and supersensitive somatodendritic serotonergic response by buspirone in rats. Haleem, DJ; Haleem, MA; Samad, N, 2007)	1.04
"Treatment with haloperidol increases oxyradicals which are implicated in TD."	( Effect of spirulina maxima on the haloperidol induced tardive dyskinesia and oxidative stress in rats. Jyothi, B; Thaakur, SR, 2007)	0.96
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (4 mg/kg, i.p.) resulted in a synergistic hypothermic effect."	( Serotonergic neurotransmission mediates hypothermia induced by the N-phenylpiperazine antipsychotic prototypes LASSBio-579 and LASSBio-581. Barreiro, EJ; Betti, AH; Conrado, DJ; Fraga, CA; Kliemann, M; Neves, G; Rates, SM; Tasso, L, 2008)	0.67
"Treatment with haloperidol and clozapine attenuated the detrimental performance effects of these challenges, with clozapine exhibiting more robust attenuation."	( Detection of the moderately beneficial cognitive effects of low-dose treatment with haloperidol or clozapine in an animal model of the attentional impairments of schizophrenia. Martinez, V; Sarter, M, 2008)	0.91
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (0.0032 or 0.01 mg/kg, i.m.) antagonized the effects of low doses of cocaine on the number of infusions in the self-administration component, whereas only the 0.01-mg/kg dose antagonized the effects of high doses of cocaine on the number of infusions."	( Differential antagonism of cocaine self-administration and cocaine-induced disruptions of learning by haloperidol in rhesus monkeys. Moerschbaecher, JM; Roussell, AM; Winsauer, PJ, 2008)	0.88
"The treatment with haloperidol worsened the adverse effects of chronic social stress having effects similar to stress on reward and motivation-related behaviours."	( Pharmacological validation of a chronic social stress model of depression in rats: effects of reboxetine, haloperidol and diazepam. Abumaria, N; Flügge, G; Fuchs, E; Havemann-Reinecke, U; Hiemke, C; Rüther, E; Rygula, R; Zernig, G, 2008)	0.88
"Rats treated with haloperidol also showed an increase in 5-HIAA levels, possibly due to enhanced serotonin turnover."	( Dopamine and serotonin metabolites in rat cerebroventricular fluid following withdrawal of haloperidol or electroshock treatment. Barkai, AI; Kowalik, S; Reches, A, 1984)	0.81
"Pretreatment with haloperidol or metoclopramide reduced the intensity of stereotyped behaviour induced by fencamfamine, while phenoxybenzamine increased this behaviour."	( On the mechanism of central stimulation action of fencamfamine. Aizenstein, ML; Bernardi, MM; DeLucia, R; Scavone, C, 1984)	0.59
"Pretreatment with haloperidol attenuated the hypothermia in a dose-dependent manner."	( Effects of dopaminergic and serotonergic drugs on ethanol-induced hypothermia. Horita, A; Lai, H; Yamawaki, S, 1984)	0.59
"Treatment with haloperidol is useful for 80% to 85% of patients but associated with troublesome side effects in one-half of those treated."	( Tics in childhood. Golden, GS, 1983)	0.61
"RA treatment of haloperidol-treated rats significantly (p less than 0.001) blocked the stimulatory effect of haloperidol on mammary carcinoma development."	( Retinoid feeding, hormone inhibition, and/or immune stimulation and the progression of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced rat mammary carcinoma: suppression by retinoids of peptide hormone-induced tumor cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Aylsworth, CF; DeHoog, JV; Scieszka, KM; Welsch, CW, 1984)	0.6
"Pretreatment with haloperidol, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg ip 1 h beforehand in post-lesion week 9, converted the biphasic response into an enhanced, uniphasic one."	( Apomorphine-induced biphasic circling behaviour in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. A pharmacological kindling phenomenon. Coward, DM, 1983)	0.59
"Treatment with haloperidol, but not sulpiride or clozapine, caused inhibition of stereotyped behaviour induced by apomorphine (0.125-0.25 mg/kg SC)."	( Differential alterations in striatal dopamine receptor sensitivity induced by repeated administration of clinically equivalent doses of haloperidol, sulpiride or clozapine in rats. Hall, MD; Jenner, P; Kilpatrick, G; Marsden, CD; Rupniak, NM, 1984)	0.81
"Pre-treatment with haloperidol enhanced both behavioral responses to central DA injection, while pre-treatment with thioridazine did not enhance either behavior."	( Chronic administration of three neuroleptics: effects of behavioral supersensitivity mediated by two different brain regions in the rat. Davis, KL; Guerin, JJ; Halperin, R, 1983)	0.58
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg SC) also significantly antagonized the circling behavior induced by GABA and muscimol."	( Circling behavior induced by intranigral injections of GABA and muscimol in rats. Kaakkola, S; Kääriäinen, I, 1980)	0.58
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg) during the conditioning phase blocked the establishment of place preference even though the animals consumed the food in the drugged state."	( Attenuation by haloperidol of place preference conditioning using food reinforcement. Fibiger, HC; Phillips, AG; Spyraki, C, 1982)	0.94
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (0.15 or 1.0 mg/kg) antagonized the place preference produced by amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg)."	( Dopaminergic substrates of amphetamine-induced place preference conditioning. Fibiger, HC; Phillips, AG; Spyraki, C, 1982)	0.59
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (1 mg/kg) partially blocked the PCP-induced hyperactivity but pretreatment with methysergide (3 mg/kg) did not."	( Effects of phencyclidine on aggressive behavior in mice. Miczek, KA; Tyler, CB, 1982)	0.59
"Pretreatment with haloperidol did not change the toxicity of reserpine."	( Effects of preceding sensibilization by reserpine and haloperidol on toxicity of dopaminergic agonists. Schmidt, J; Westermann, KH, 1980)	0.83
"Treatment with haloperidol produced a marked improvement in the symptoms, some of which are seldom reported."	( Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: case report. Shenken, LI, 1980)	0.6
"Treatment with haloperidol is effective but associated with a high incidence of side effects."	( Tics and tremors. Golden, GS; Hood, OJ, 1982)	0.6
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg s.c.) significantly but not completely antagonized the circling response to baclofen."	( Circling behaviour induced by intranigral injection of baclofen in rats. Kaakkola, S, 1980)	0.58
"Pretreatment with haloperidol reduced the salivary secretion to L-dopa in normal animals (unoperated glands), while the response to dopamine was unaffected."	( Studies on the mechanisms of L-dopa-induced salivary secretion. Medina, JH; Pazo, JH; Tumilasci, OR, 1981)	0.59
"Treatment with haloperidol had no effect on NT concentrations in any brain region in 10-day-old rat pups."	( Ontogeny of the effect of antipsychotic drug treatment on neurotensin concentrations in the rat brain. Kinkead, B; Nemeroff, CB; Owens, MJ, 1995)	0.63
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (2 mg/kg) significantly decreases the radioactivity measured in the brain 30-120 min after injection of [3H]4-PPBP."	( In vivo labeling of sigma receptors in mouse brain with [3H]4-phenyl-1-(4-phenylbutyl)piperidine. Hashimoto, K; London, ED; Scheffel, U, 1995)	0.61
"Treatment with haloperidol and (+) butaclamol, which have a high affinity for dopamine D2 receptors, also tended to reduce the myocardial uptake of radioactivity, while (-)-butaclamol, which has no affinity for dopamine D2 receptors, caused no change in uptake."	( Myocardial accumulation of a dopamine D2 receptor-binding radioligand, 2'-iodospiperone. Iida, Y; Iwasaki, Y; Konishi, J; Magata, Y; Saji, H; Tanahashi, K; Yokoyama, A; Yonekura, Y, 1993)	0.63
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (13 to 130 nmol/kg sc), but not equimolar doses of UH 232, prevented the disruption of PPI produced by the highest dose (0.6 mumol/kg sc) of each agonist."	( Effects of D3/D2 dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists on prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle in the rat. Caine, SB; Geyer, MA; Swerdlow, NR, 1995)	0.61
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (HALO) 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg IP before PCA blocked the facilitatory phase of the response."	( Opposite effects of PCA and chlorimipramine on ICSS and on its facilitation by amphetamine. Olds, ME, 1994)	0.61
"Pretreatment with haloperidol suppressed both the antiparkinsonian effects and the hyperactivity induced by apomorphine."	( Effects of terguride, a partial D2 agonist, on MPTP-lesioned parkinsonian cynomolgus monkeys. Akai, T; Kuno, S; Mizuta, E; Yamaguchi, M, 1993)	0.61
"Treatment with haloperidol also increased the size of the striatal catechol peak but was responsible for a reduction of the neuropeptidergic signal."	( Functional in vivo interaction between growth hormone and dopamine systems are correlated to changes in striatal somatostatin levels as detected by voltammetry. Crespi, F, 1993)	0.63
"Treatment with haloperidol caused initial increases in urinary homovanillic acid (HVA) output that returned toward baseline by the 5th week."	( Studies of catecholamine metabolism in schizophrenia/psychosis--II. Berman, N; Bowden, CL; Contreras, SA; Javors, MA; Maas, JW; Miller, AL; Seleshi, E; Weintraub, SE, 1993)	0.63
"Treatment with haloperidol or chlorpromazine was associated with an extremely low prevalence of extrapyramidal side effects."	( A double-blind trial of haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and lorazepam in the treatment of delirium in hospitalized AIDS patients. Breitbart, W; Corbera, K; Derevenco, M; Grau, C; Jacobson, P; Lund, S; Marotta, R; Platt, MM; Raymond, S; Weisman, H, 1996)	0.94
"Pretreatment with haloperidol significantly antagonized quinpirole-induced elevation in striatal ACh (p<0.01) and cerebellar cGMP(p<0.05), and haloperidol had no significant effect on oxotremorine-induced agonist responses."	( Comparative dopaminergic and muscarinic antagonist activity of clozapine and haloperidol. Ellerbrock, BR; Sethy, VH; Wu, H, 1996)	0.85
"Pretreatment with haloperidol prevented both inhibitory and potentiative effects of substance P-(1-7) whereas thiothixine did not, suggesting inhibitory as well as potentiative modulation of NMDA by sigma receptor activity."	( Evidence that the NH2-terminus of substance P modulates N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced activity by an action involving sigma receptors. Hornfeldt, CS; Kitto, KF; Larson, AA, 1996)	0.62
"Pretreatment with haloperidol or SCH 23390 without cocaine enhanced the locomotor-activating effects of the subsequent cocaine challenge injection."	( Cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization: effects of haloperidol and SCH 23390 treatments. Ellison, T; Mattingly, BA; Rase, K; Rowlett, JK, 1996)	0.87
"Treatment with haloperidol, a dopamine receptor D-2 antagonist, for one month resulted in an increase in the mean percentage of asymmetric synapses containing a discontinuous, or perforated, postsynaptic density (PSD) [Meshul et al. "	( Activation of corticostriatal pathway leads to similar morphological changes observed following haloperidol treatment. Allen, C; Buckman, JF; Feller, DJ; Meshul, CK; Riggan, JP, 1996)	0.87
"Pretreatment with haloperidol, a non-selective antagonist of the D2 family of receptors, significantly (P < 0.01) blocked 7-OH-DPAT- and quinpirole-induced increases in ACh."	( D2 and D1 dopaminergic activity of 7-OH-DPAT. Ellerbrock, BR; Fici, GJ; Sethy, VH; Wu, H, 1996)	0.62
"Treatment with haloperidol and lithium was unsuccessful but the addition of carbamazepine produced a dramatic response. "	( A patient with mania and photoconvulsive epilepsy. Corbett, AJ; Reid, WG; Roxanas, MG, 1996)	0.65
"When treated with haloperidol, RIIbeta mutant mice fail to induce either c-fos or neurotensin mRNA and the acute cataleptic response is blocked."	( Loss of haloperidol induced gene expression and catalepsy in protein kinase A-deficient mice. Adams, MR; Brandon, EP; Chartoff, EH; Dorsa, DM; Idzerda, RL; McKnight, GS, 1997)	1.05
"Treatment with haloperidol caused a marked reduction of radioactivity uptake in all the brain regions examined."	( Fluorine-18 radiolabelling, biodistribution studies and preliminary PET evaluation of a new memantine derivative for imaging the NMDA receptor. Ametamey, SM; Leenders, KL; Parsons, CG; Quack, G; Samnick, S; Schubiger, PA; Vontobel, P, )	0.47
"Rats treated with haloperidol did not have a larger mean striatum area than the control group on either D1- or D2-like ligand autoradiograms."	( Effects of chronic treatment with typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on the rat striatum. Alvir, JM; Bilder, R; Chakos, M; Creese, I; Kinon, BJ; Lee, H; Lieberman, JA; Redmond, M; Tarazi, FI; Wu, H, 1999)	0.63
"The treatment with haloperidol also did not affect sigma 1-receptor mRNA detected by the RNase protection assay."	( [Functional characterization of a sigma receptor and its gene expression by haloperidol]. Inoue, A; Nakata, Y; Sugita, S, 1999)	0.85
"Pretreatment of haloperidol increased the striatal arc mRNA levels."	( Effect of atypical antipsychotics on phencyclidine-induced expression of arc in rat brain. Hashimoto, K; Hirano, M; Hondo, H; Kuroki, T; Motomura, K; Nakahara, T; Tsutsumi, T; Uchimura, H; Ueki, H, 2000)	0.64
"Treatment with haloperidol did not affect the levels of sigma(1) receptor mRNA in any brain region in either species."	( Repeated haloperidol treatment decreases sigma(1) receptor binding but does not affect its mRNA levels in the guinea pig or rat brain. Hide, I; Ichimoto, H; Inoue, A; Nakata, Y; Shoji, H; Sugita, S, 2000)	1.06
"Treatment with haloperidol did not produce significant changes in GAP-43 mRNA expression."	( Differential effects of amphetamine and phencyclidine on the expression of growth-associated protein GAP-43. Kanazir, S; Rakic, L; Ruzdijic, S; Veskov, R; Vukosavic, S, 2001)	0.65
"Pretreatment with haloperidol, but not with clozapine, significantly reduced the effects of dopamine and theophylline."	( Effects of chemical stimulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system upon locomotor activity. Honig, WM; Pijnenburg, AJ; Van der Heyden, JA; Van Rossum, JM, 1976)	0.58
"Pretreatment with haloperidol or reserpine prevented the increase of striatal cAMP following cerebral hemisection."	( Cyclic AMP content and regulation of tyrosine-3-mono-oxygenase in rat striatum. Costa, E; Guidotti, A; Zivkovic, B, 1976)	0.58
"Treatment with haloperidol in all patients and with dipropylacetic acid in three patients did not appear to modify the CSF, HVA, and 5HIAA concentrations, the plasma DBH activity, or the DA uptake."	( Biochemical aspects of Huntington's chorea. Algeri, S; Branciforti, A; Calderini, G; Caraceni, T; Consolazione, A; Dall'olio, A; Girotti, F; Morselli, PL; Riva, E; Spreafico, R, 1977)	0.6
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (2 mg intramuscularly) or sulpiride (100 mg intramuscularly) 30 minutes prior to apomorphine treatment, prevented the therapeutic effect of this compound."	( Apomorphine hydrochloride-induced improvement in Huntington's chorea: stimulation of dopamine receptor. Cianchetti, C; Corsini, GU; Gessa, G; Mangoni, A; Masala, C; Onali, P, 1978)	0.58
"Treatment with haloperidol produces a good or excellent response in three quarters of the patients."	( Tourette syndrome. The pediatric perspective. Golden, GS, 1977)	0.6
"Treatment with haloperidol suggested as a most effective method of symptomatic treatment."	( Gilles de la Tourett's disease, a single case study: a discussion on aetiology and treatment. Izadi, C; Naraghi, MM, 1978)	0.6
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (1 mg/kg) abolishes the increase in water intake but does not prevent the increase in food intake."	( An effect of haloperidol on the increased food and water intake induced in rabbits by 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Anderson, J; Sharman, DF; Stephens, DB, 1979)	0.95
"Pretreatment with haloperidol significantly depressed the accumulation of apomorphine in the caudate nucleus and hippocampus, but not in the cerebellum."	( Accumulation of apomorphine in caudate nucleus and hippocampus of the rabbit. Melzacka, M; Rurak, A; Smiałowski, A; Vetulani, J, 1979)	0.58
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (400 microgram, i.c.v.) attenuated the thermoregulatory effects of i.c.v."	( Comparison of the thermoregulatory responses to intracerebroventricularly injected dopamine, noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the goat. De Roij, TO; Frens, J; Vianen-Meijerink, M; Woutersen-Van-Nijnanten, F, 1978)	0.58
"Pretreatment with haloperidol also reversed the depression caused by apomorphine."	( Antagonism by haloperidol of locomotor depression induced by small doses of apomorphine. Strömbom, U, 1977)	0.94
"Rats treated with haloperidol or bearing subcutaneous implants of prolactin-secreting tumors had elevated CSF prolactin levels compared to those observed in control rats. "	( Prolactin in human and rat serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Login, IS; MacLeod, RM, 1977)	0.59
"Pretreatment with haloperidole nullified the effect of apomorphine."	( [Nigrostriatally induced motor reactions in the rat. I. Rotational behavior and posture asymetry after intracerebral injection of apomorphine and dopamine]. Staib, AH; Westermann, KH, 1976)	0.58
"Pretreatment with haloperidol, 5 mg/kg i.p."	( Effect of (+) amphetamine on monoamine synthesis and metabolism after axotomy in rat forebrain. Kehr, W; Speckenbach, W, 1976)	0.58
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (0.16 mg/kg) or pimozide (0.08 mg/kg) but not with phentolamine (10mg/kg) effectively blocked amphetamine-dopa jumping."	( Narcotic withdrawal like mouse jumping produced by amphetamine and L-DOPA. Colpaert, FC; Laduron, P; Lal, H, 1975)	0.58
"Treatment with haloperidol (4 mg/kg/day) or morphine (60 mg/kg/day) given daily for six days before surgery promoted recovery and reduced the incidence of death."	( Effects of haloperidol, methyltyrosine and morphine on recovery from lesions of lateral hypothalamus. Anderson, CD; Gianutsos, G; Hynes, MD; Lal, H, )	0.86
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg, SC) failed to alter hourly or daily self-injection rates."	( Influence of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons on intravenous ethanol self-administration in the rat. Lyness, WH; Smith, FL, 1992)	0.61
"Pretreatment with haloperidol also markedly reduced the antitussive effects of (+/-)-pentazocine and dextromethorphan."	( Involvement of haloperidol-sensitive sigma-sites in antitussive effects. Hitosugi, H; Iwamoto, Y; Kamei, J; Kasuya, Y; Kawashima, N; Misawa, M, 1992)	0.96
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the elevations in corticosterone and ACTH elicited by cocaine, as well as the elevation in ACTH produced by GBR12909."	( Monoamine mediation of cocaine-induced hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal activation. Borowsky, B; Kuhn, CM, 1991)	0.6
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (i.p.) abolished the effect of Ruthenium Red after injection into the caudoventromedial nigra but only partially reduced it after administration into the central nigra."	( Circling behavior induced by intranigral administration of ruthenium red and 4-aminopyridine in the rat. Flores-Hernández, J; Tapia, R, 1990)	0.6
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg s.c.) attenuated the effect induced by median raphe 8-OH-DPAT (0.5 microgram) complementing previous results with dorsal raphe 8-OH-DPAT."	( Dopamine receptor blockade in nucleus accumbens or caudate nucleus differentially affects feeding induced by 8-OH-DPAT injected into dorsal or median raphe. Fletcher, PJ, 1991)	0.6
"Pretreatment with haloperidol or clozapine caused a significant reduction of the 60 mM potassium-evoked release, compared with a saline treated control group (control 21.0 fmol; haloperidol 2.8 fmol; clozapine 8.8 fmol) and an increase of tissue levels after haloperidol treatment by 43%."	( Calcitonin gene-related peptide in the amygdaloid complex of the rat: immunohistochemical and quantitative distribution, and drug effects on calcium dependent, potassium-evoked in vitro release. Haring, C; Humpel, C; Javorsky, F; Krobath, J; Saria, A; Skofitsch, G, 1991)	0.6
"Treatment with haloperidol (0.015-0.06 mg/kg IM) did not induce chewing."	( Drug-induced purposeless chewing: animal model of dyskinesia or nausea? Iversen, SD; Rupniak, NM; Tye, SJ, 1990)	0.62
"Pretreatment with haloperidol, 0.1 or 0.2 mg kg-1 SC at -40 min, or remoxipride 8 mg kg-1 IP at -30 min, did not antagonize the PCP-induced disruption of discriminative performance, nor was the PCP-induced increase in number of intertrial crosses antagonized."	( Phencyclidine-induced disruption of an aversely motivated two-choice successive discrimination in the rat. Ahlenius, S; Ericson, E, 1990)	0.6
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (0.1 mg kg-1, 30 min) significantly attenuated the effects of equi-effective doses of buspirone, gepirone and ipsapirone, indicating that these drugs interact with dopaminergic systems to increase feeding."	( The involvement of 5-hydroxytryptaminergic and dopaminergic mechanisms in the eating induced by buspirone, gepirone and ipsapirone. Davies, M; Fletcher, PJ, 1990)	0.6
"Treatment with haloperidol led to improvement in the characteristic tics of Tourette's disorder as well as to improvement in these three complex-associated behaviors."	( Tourette's disorder and associated complex behaviors: a case report. McDougle, CJ; Rohrbaugh, RM; Southwick, SM, )	0.47
"Treatment with haloperidol normalized the low ratio."	( Preliminary evidence of reduced combined output of dopamine and its metabolites in chronic schizophrenia. Bigelow, LB; Karoum, F; Karson, CN; Lawson, WB; Wyatt, RJ, 1987)	0.61
"Pretreatment with haloperidol or the partial lesioning of nigrostriatal neurons enhanced the effect of tyrosine on dopamine release, and haloperidol also prolonged this effect."	( Dopamine release in rat striatum: physiological coupling to tyrosine supply. Acworth, IN; During, MJ; Wurtman, RJ, 1989)	0.6
"Pretreatment with haloperidol, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha-MT) and amino-oxyacetic acid (AOAA) but not atropine, inhibited the ability of both YM-14673 and TRH to increase SMA."	( Effects of a new TRH analogue, YM-14673, on spontaneous motor activity in rats. Kobayashi, M; Shimizu, M; Yamamoto, M, )	0.45
"Treatment with haloperidol resulted in significantly more severe movement disorder in pinealectomized rats than in unoperated control rats."	( Increased incidence and severity of neuroleptic-induced movement disorder in pinealectomized rats. Fisher, H; Sandyk, R, 1989)	0.62
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (2.5 micrograms into VLS) had no effect on PS/Ach-induced mouth movements."	( Cholinergic stimulation of the ventrolateral striatum elicits mouth movements in rats: pharmacological and regional specificity. Bakshi, VP; Delfs, JM; Kelley, AE; Lang, CG, 1989)	0.6
"Pretreatment with haloperidol reduced subject ratings of pleasant sensations but had no effect on drug "rush." Haloperidol (8 mg) has a small and limited effect on the subjective response to cocaine when given 20 min before cocaine."	( Effects of intravenous cocaine are partially attenuated by haloperidol. Jaffe, JH; Kumor, KM; Sherer, MA, 1989)	0.84
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) had no effect on increase in spontaneous release of ACh brought about by cerulein administration (100 micrograms/kg, i.p.)."	( Effect of cerulein on in vivo release of acetylcholine from the rat striatum. Kito, S; Shimoyama, M, 1989)	0.6
"Pretreatment with haloperidol counteracted the effects of apomorphine and B-HT 920."	( Increased investigative activity after presynaptic dopaminergic stimulation measured by a fixed-interval recording procedure. Höglund, AU; Meyerson, BJ, 1985)	0.59
"Pretreatment with haloperidol antagonized the anoretic effect induced by fencamfamine."	( Reduction of food intake by fencamfamine in rats. Aizenstein, ML; DeLucia, R; Planeta, Cda S; Scavone, C, 1987)	0.6
"Pretreatment with haloperidol, an antagonist of both D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptors, metoclopramide and molindone, the selective D-2 dopamine receptor antagonists, effectively antagonised bromocriptine-induced climbing behaviour."	( Antagonism of bromocriptine-induced cage climbing behaviour in mice by the selective D-2 dopamine receptor antagonists, metoclopramide and molindone. Balsara, JJ; Bapat, TR; Chandorkar, AG; Gada, VP; Nandal, NV, )	0.45
"Treatment with haloperidol increased plasma prolactin moderately whilst nalbuphine raised it markedly 1 and 2.5 h post injection."	( Psychomotor, respiratory and neuroendocrinological effects of nalbuphine and haloperidol, alone and in combination, in healthy subjects. Saarialho-Kere, U, 1988)	0.84
"Pretreatment with haloperidol (0.020 mg/kg) in a dose which preferentially acts at presynaptic sites reversed the effects of low doses of apomorphine, bromocriptine or pergolide on sleep and W."	( Biphasic effects of dopamine D-2 receptor agonists on sleep and wakefulness in the rat. D'Angelo, L; Fernández, M; Hawkins, M; Jantos, H; Monti, JM, 1988)	0.6
"Pretreatment with haloperidol and sulpiride blocked the effects induced by ciladopa."	( Evaluation of ciladopa hydrochloride as a potential anti-Parkinson drug. Fields, JZ; Gordon, JH; Koller, WC; Perlow, MJ, 1986)	0.59
"Treatment with haloperidol, bromocriptine and morphine altered the relationship, favoring immunoreactive more than bioactive hormone, and reversing the pretreatment Nb2BA/RIA ratio."	( Comparison between rat prolactin radioimmunoassay and bioassay values under different experimental and physiological conditions. Casanueva, FF; Friesen, HG; Owens, RE, 1985)	0.61
"Pretreatment with haloperidol failed to alter the stimulus properties of dl-cathinone."	( Comparative discriminative stimulus properties of dl-cathinone, d-amphetamine, and cocaine in rats. Huang, D; Wilson, MC, 1986)	0.59
"Treatment with haloperidol 5 mg IM caused significant improvement while placebo treatment did not."	( Treatment of phenylcyclohexylpyrrolidine (PHP) psychosis with haloperidol. Giannini, AJ; Loiselle, RH; Malone, DW; Price, WA, 1985)	0.85

Toxicity

The neurologic side effect profile of low-dose risperidone is comparable with that of haloperidol in patients receiving APDs for the first time. Olanzapine and clozapine are afflicted with the highest risk of inducing weight gain. There is a clear increased risk of extrapyramidal adverse effects for haloperids compared with placebo.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The total incidence of serious adverse events in the short-term double-blind programme was approximately 2% for both remoxipride and haloperidol."	( Safety evaluation in both short- and long-term treatment of schizophrenia with remoxipride. Englund, A; Lawrie, V; Lewander, T; Morrison, D; Schlachet, A; Westerbergh, SE, 1990)	0.48
" The results support the hypothesis of a positive correlation between the CSF HVA and the hypokinetic-rigid side effect and a negative correlation between the pretherapeutic dopamine turnover and the risk of neuroleptic Parkinsonism."	( Hypokinetic-rigid extrapyramidal side effects of neuroleptics: the relationship of the silent period in EMG and HVA and 5-HIAA in CSF. Baslo, A; Eroğlu, L; Hizal, A; Yazici, J; Yazici, O, 1986)	0.27
" The results counter sporadic clinical reports suggesting a toxic interaction between lithium and neuroleptic drugs."	( Safety of the combination of lithium and neuroleptic drugs. Goldney, RD; Spence, ND, 1986)	0.27
"Malathion-induced marked potentiation of BPMC toxicity (about fivefold) was analyzed by measuring LD50 as an index of acute toxicity."	( Contribution of monoaminergic nervous system in potentiation of 2-sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate (BPMC) toxicity by malathion in male mice. Shirasu, Y; Takahashi, H; Tanaka, J; Tsuda, S, 1987)	0.27
"Neurochemical effects of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) in three neurotransmitter-receptor systems were studied in relation to the mechanism of action and adverse effects of ECT."	( Electroconvulsive shock and neurotransmitter receptors: implications for mechanism of action and adverse effects of electroconvulsive therapy. Lerer, B, 1984)	0.27
" The authors reviewed a further case of adverse drug response following the concomitant use of lithium and haloperidol."	( The question of lithium/neuroleptic toxicity. Jeffries, J; Remington, G; Wilkins, J, 1984)	0.48
"Amine-curing agent for epoxy resin, bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane, has been suspected of inducing toxic symptoms in man which resemble collagen disease such as scleroderma or polymyositis."	( [Subacute toxicity of an amine-curing agent for epoxy resin]. Matsumoto, M; Nakayama, E; Nishizawa, H; Ohsawa, M; Ohshima, S; Okuda, H; Sasaki, N; Shibata, T, 1984)	0.27
" Other adverse effects were assessed using the UKU Side Effects Scale."	( Extrapyramidal side effects and tolerability of risperidone: a review. Owens, DG, 1994)	0.29
" Other adverse events interfering with the patients' social roles also interfere with the patients' willingness to comply with treatment."	( Compliance with antipsychotic drug treatment: influence of side effects. Fleischhacker, WW; Günther, V; Kurz, M; Meise, U, 1994)	0.29
" This suggests that glutamate also mediates the toxic effects of METH."	( Methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity: roles for glutamate and dopamine efflux. Stephans, SE; Yamamoto, BK, 1994)	0.29
" Although HPP+ was less potent than MPP+ on the dopaminergic system, the two compounds displayed comparable toxic effects on the serotonergic system."	( MPP(+)-like neurotoxicity of a pyridinium metabolite derived from haloperidol: in vivo microdialysis and in vitro mitochondrial studies. Castagnoli, N; D'Engelbronner, J; Igarashi, K; Rollema, H; Skolnik, M; Usuki, E, 1994)	0.53
"The toxic effects of modified endodontic sealers, Fillcanal, N-Rickert, FS, and Sealer 26, were assessed."	( Cytotoxicity of some modified root canal sealers and their leachable components. Araki, K; Barbosa, SV; Spångberg, LS, 1993)	0.29
" It seemed sensible to investigate whether or not HP+ might be toxic towards dopaminergic neurons and perhaps associated with some of the residual moto-function side effects of haloperidol."	( Comparison of cytotoxicity of a quaternary pyridinium metabolite of haloperidol (HP+) with neurotoxin N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) towards cultured dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells. Fang, J; Yu, PH; Zuo, D, 1995)	0.72
" However, there were no adverse effects on the copulation index in any of the treated groups."	( Collaborative work to determine an optimal administration period and optimal parameters for detection of effects on male fertility in rats--male reproductive toxicity study of haloperidol. Imanishi, M; Takagi, S; Takeuchi, M; Yoneyama, M, 1995)	0.48
" Gross toxic side effects (seizures, catatonia, confusion) and Neuroleptic Induced Deficit Syndrome in conjunction with blood levels over 30 ng/ml were identified in 13 of our 43 patients."	( Haloperidol dose and blood level variability: toxicity and interindividual and intraindividual variability in the nonresponder patient in the clinical practice setting. Clark, L; Dabiri, L; Darby, JK; Mosbacher, D; Pasta, DJ, 1995)	1.73
" Serious adverse events did not occur."	( Pramipexole as adjunct to haloperidol in schizophrenia. Safety and efficacy. Barnas, C; Heiden, A; Kasper, S; Laakmann, G; Pfolz, H; Volz, HP; Zeit, H, 1997)	0.6
" The proportion of patients failing to reach at least 20% improvement on the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) or brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS), the proportion of patients discontinuing treatment because of adverse effects and the number of patients who needed antiparkinsonian medication were abstracted for use as outcome measures."	( Risperidone versus haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis comparing their efficacy and safety. Bacaltchuk, J; de Castro-e-Silva, E; de Oliveira, IR; de Sena, EP; Miranda-Scippa, AM; Pereira, EL; Ribeiro, MG, 1996)	0.62
" The adverse effects of risperidone may be due to the lack of development of acute tolerance to its powerful serotonergic (5-HT2A) antagonism, which could be responsible for the disruption of brainstem physiology in regions controlling saccadic eye movements."	( Adverse effects of risperidone on eye movement activity: a comparison of risperidone and haloperidol in antipsychotic-naive schizophrenic patients. Bauer, KS; Haas, GL; Keshavan, MS; Kroboth, PD; Schooler, NR; Sweeney, JA, 1997)	0.52
" Significant adverse events included somnolence, weight gain, and asymptomatic treatment-emergent transaminase elevation."	( Safety of olanzapine. Beasley, CM; Tollefson, GD; Tran, PV, 1997)	0.3
"Most traditional neuroleptics have a narrow therapeutic-to-toxic index, and thus, the novel antipsychotics are the result of a search to substantially widen the distance between the dose that treats psychosis and the one that produces adverse effects."	( The relationship of pharmacology to side effects. Casey, DE, 1997)	0.3
"Very little is known about the pharmacokinetics of neuroleptic drugs in breast-feeding mothers and their infants or about possible adverse effects in the infants."	( Neuroleptic drugs in breast-milk: a study of pharmacokinetics and of possible adverse effects in breast-fed infants. Craggs, M; Kumar, R; Smith, B; Yoshida, K, 1998)	0.3
" Concentrations of haloperidol in the adult range were found in plasma from 2 of 5 infants assayed by EIA but there was no evidence of any acute or delayed adverse effects."	( Neuroleptic drugs in breast-milk: a study of pharmacokinetics and of possible adverse effects in breast-fed infants. Craggs, M; Kumar, R; Smith, B; Yoshida, K, 1998)	0.63
"This research explored the effects of haloperidol (HP) metabolites on biogenic amine uptake and release, and compared them to those of MPTP and its toxic metabolite, MPP+."	( Effects of haloperidol metabolites on neurotransmitter uptake and release: possible role in neurotoxicity and tardive dyskinesia. Barlow, RL; Bempong, J; Bloomquist, JR; Kirby, ML; Wright, AM, 1998)	0.96
"In order to study the putative monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory side effect of neuroleptics and simultaneous changes in platelet serotonin content both MAO-B activity and serotonin (5-HT) content in platelets of 30 healthy volunteers and 50 schizophrenic patients treated with neuroleptics were investigated."	( MAO inhibitory side effects of neuroleptics and platelet serotonin content in schizophrenic patients. Borcsiczky, D; Magyar, K; Máté, M; Mészáros, Z; Tarcali, J; Tekes, K, 1998)	0.3
" AH26 had a severe cytotoxic effect whilst Topseal and AH-Plus showed a markedly lower toxic influence on the cells during the experimental period."	( Cytotoxicity of three resin-based root canal sealers: an in vitro evaluation. Beltes, P; Geromichalos, GD; Kortsaris, AH; Koulaouzidou, EA; Papazisis, KT, 1998)	0.3
"To compare the side effect profile of risperidone with that of oral haloperidol in patients with no previous exposure to antipsychotic drugs (APDs)."	( Neurologic side effects in neuroleptic-naive patients treated with haloperidol or risperidone. Mazurek, MF; Rosebush, PI, 1999)	0.77
"Early studies suggested that the APD risperidone may have a side effect profile comparable with that of placebo."	( Neurologic side effects in neuroleptic-naive patients treated with haloperidol or risperidone. Mazurek, MF; Rosebush, PI, 1999)	0.54
"The neurologic side effect profile of low-dose risperidone is comparable with that of haloperidol in patients receiving APDs for the first time."	( Neurologic side effects in neuroleptic-naive patients treated with haloperidol or risperidone. Mazurek, MF; Rosebush, PI, 1999)	0.76
" Safety was monitored by open adverse event reporting, the Simpson-Angus Scale, the Barnes Akathisia Scale and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement scale."	( Safety profile of amisulpride in short- and long-term use. Coulouvrat, C; Dondey-Nouvel, L; Rein, W, 2000)	0.31
" Adverse events were mainly psychiatric in nature, and occurred with similar frequency in each group (amisulpride 254/370, 69%; haloperidol 82/118, 70%)."	( Long-term safety and efficacy of amisulpride in subchronic or chronic schizophrenia. Amisulpride Study Group. Colonna, L; Dondey-Nouvel, L; Rein, W; Saleem, P, 2000)	0.51
"The relationship between Taq1 A polymorphism of dopamine D(2) receptor (DRD(2)) gene and extrapyramidal adverse effects of bromperidol and nemonapride, which are both antipsychotic drugs with selective and potent DRD(2) antagonistic property, was investigated in Japanese schizophrenic inpatients."	( No relationship between Taq1 a polymorphism of dopamine D(2) receptor gene and extrapyramidal adverse effects of selective dopamine D(2) antagonists, bromperidol, and nemonapride in schizophrenia: a preliminary study. Kaneko, S; Kondo, T; Mihara, K; Nagashima, U; Ono, S; Otani, K; Suzuki, A, 2000)	0.31
" This was likely because of the fact that glutamate, now toxic at much lower concentrations, was able to reach and activate dendritic receptors under these conditions."	( NMDA and glutamate evoke excitotoxicity at distinct cellular locations in rat cortical neurons in vitro. Aizenman, E; Blitzblau, RC; Du, S; Leszkiewicz, DN; Rosenberg, PA; Sinor, JD; Venneti, S, 2000)	0.31
" The results obtained in this study showed the high cytotoxcity of the new AH Plus root canal sealer, which was shown to be equally or more toxic to the standard AH26 and Diaket materials."	( Cytotoxic effect of four root filling materials. Anić, I; Karlović, Z; Marsan, T; Miletić, I; Osmak, M; Pezelj-Ribarić, S, 2000)	0.31
" The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the -141C Ins/Del polymorphism and extrapyramidal adverse effects of bromperidol and nemonapride, antipsychotic drugs with a selective and potent DRD2 antagonistic property, in schizophrenic inpatients."	( No relationship between--141C Ins/Del polymorphism in the promoter region of dopamine D2 receptor and extrapyramidal adverse effects of selective dopamine D2 antagonists in schizophrenic patients: a preliminary study. Kaneko, S; Kondo, T; Mihara, K; Ono, S; Otani, K; Suzuki, A; Yasui, N, 2001)	0.31
" We conducted a survey of Spanish psychiatrists in mental health centers and outpatient treatment units to assess the severity scores that they would assign to a list of the most common adverse events (AEs) that usually occur with antipsychotic treatment."	( Global index of safety (GIS): a new instrument to assess drug safety. Badía, X; Gómez, JC; Kind, P; Sacristán, JA, 2001)	0.31
" These preliminary results suggest that crossover from haloperidol to risperidone is generally safe and effective and may produce favorable moods in agitated dementia patients."	( Shifting from haloperidol to risperidone for behavioral disturbances in dementia: safety, response predictors, and mood effects. Chang, WH; Chang, YC; Chiu, CC; Huang, MC; Lane, HY; Su, MH, 2002)	0.92
" Adverse events were recorded during the trial period."	( Efficacy and safety of zotepine for the treatment of Taiwanese schizophrenic patients: a double-blind comparison with haloperidol. Hwang, TJ; Lin, HN; Lin, SK, 2001)	0.52
" Calcium hydroxide-based sealer was the least toxic sealer amongst the chemicals tested in both cultures."	( Cytotoxicity of resin-, zinc oxide-eugenol-, and calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealers on human periodontal ligament cells and permanent V79 cells. Chang, YC; Chou, MY; Huang, FM; Tai, KW, 2002)	0.31
"The effects of haloperidol, risperidone, and thioridazine on the pharmacokinetics and side-effect profile of quetiapine were investigated in 36 patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder in a single-center, two-period, multiple-dose, open-label, randomized trial."	( The safety and pharmacokinetics of quetiapine when coadministered with haloperidol, risperidone, or thioridazine. Alva, G; Arvanitis, LA; Bera, R; Potkin, SG; Thyrum, PT; Yeh, C, 2002)	0.9
"The novel antipsychotic medications offer a more favorable extrapyramidal side effect profile than conventional agents."	( Sexual side effects of novel antipsychotic medications. Marder, SR; Pierre, JM; Saunders, CS; Wirshing, DA; Wirshing, WC, 2002)	0.31
"Sexual side effects are common clinically pertinent adverse effects associated with both novel and conventional antipsychotic medications."	( Sexual side effects of novel antipsychotic medications. Marder, SR; Pierre, JM; Saunders, CS; Wirshing, DA; Wirshing, WC, 2002)	0.31
"Aripiprazole, effective against positive and negative symptoms, is a safe and well-tolerated potential treatment for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder."	( Efficacy and safety of aripiprazole and haloperidol versus placebo in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Ali, MW; Carson, WH; Ingenito, GG; Kane, JM; McQuade, RD; Saha, AR; Zimbroff, DL, 2002)	0.58
" Safety was assessed through the collection of spontaneous adverse events and a specific extrapyramidal symptoms questionnaire (EPS)."	( Safety of olanzapine versus conventional antipsychotics in the treatment of patients with acute schizophrenia. A naturalistic study. Alvarez, E; Bobes, J; Cañas, F; Carrasco, JL; Gascón, J; Gibert, J; Gómez, JC; Gutiérrez, M; Sacristán, JA, 2003)	0.32
" Oral dose did not significantly correlate with any of these efficacy or side-effect measures."	( Usefulness of plasma haloperidol levels for monitoring clinical efficacy and side effects in Alzheimer patients with psychosis and behavioral dyscontrol. Bell, K; Cooper, TB; Devanand, DP; Liu, X; Marder, K; Marston, K; Pelton, GH, )	0.45
" Both sealers had a low toxic influence on the cells during the experimental period."	( A comparison of the in vitro cytotoxicity of two root canal sealers. Kalayci, A; Oztan, MD; Yilmaz, S; Zaimoğlu, L, 2003)	0.32
" Safety assessments included adverse event (AE) reports, EPS scales, ECGs, weight, and prolactin, glucose and cholesterol levels."	( Aripiprazole in the treatment of schizophrenia: safety and tolerability in short-term, placebo-controlled trials. Ali, M; Iwamoto, T; Kaplita, S; Marcus, R; Marder, SR; McQuade, RD; Safferman, AZ; Saha, A; Stock, E, 2003)	0.32
" AH Plus was also shown to be toxic in concentrations of 16."	( Examination of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of AH26 and AH Plus sealers. Anić, I; Garaj-Vrhovac, V; Jukić, S; Miletić, I; Osmak, M; Zeljezić, D, 2003)	0.32
" Adverse events and scores on EPS rating scales were assessed."	( A comparison of the efficacy and safety of olanzapine versus haloperidol during transition from intramuscular to oral therapy. Birkett, M; Breier, A; Lindborg, SR; Meehan, K; Morris, P; Taylor, CC; Wright, P, 2003)	0.56
" Although the nature of adverse events differed between the two agents, retention in the study was greater with olanzapine."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of atypical and conventional antipsychotic drugs in first-episode psychosis: a randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus haloperidol. Green, AI; Gur, RE; Hamer, RM; Kahn, R; Lieberman, JA; McEvoy, J; Perkins, D; Sharma, T; Tohen, M; Tollefson, G; Wei, H; Zipursky, R, 2003)	0.51
" Time to discontinuation due to adverse events or lack of efficacy was significantly greater with aripiprazole than with haloperidol (p=0."	( Efficacy and safety of aripiprazole vs. haloperidol for long-term maintenance treatment following acute relapse of schizophrenia. Ali, M; Archibald, D; Carson, WH; Ingenito, G; Kasper, S; Lerman, MN; Marcus, R; McQuade, RD; Pigott, T; Saha, A, 2003)	0.79
" The aim of this study is to explore the adverse effects of conventional and atypical antipsychotic drugs and their associated factors."	( Adverse effects of risperidone and haloperidol treatment in schizophrenia. Chong, MY; Lung, FW; Yen, YC, 2004)	0.6
" The safety and tolerability were assessed with the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale, the UKU Side-Effect Rating Scale and clinical laboratory assessments."	( Adverse effects of risperidone and haloperidol treatment in schizophrenia. Chong, MY; Lung, FW; Yen, YC, 2004)	0.6
" The most frequent adverse effects for both groups were tremor and rigidity."	( Adverse effects of risperidone and haloperidol treatment in schizophrenia. Chong, MY; Lung, FW; Yen, YC, 2004)	0.6
" While typical antipsychotics are often switched to atypical agents when adverse effects become limiting, there is little preclinical information to support this strategy, both in terms of efficacy and side effects."	( Combined treatment of quetiapine with haloperidol in animal models of antipsychotic effect and extrapyramidal side effects: comparison with risperidone and chlorpromazine. Matsuoka, N; Mutoh, S; Shirakawa, K; Tada, M, 2004)	0.59
" Adverse events related to movement disorders were reported in 3%."	( Long-acting injectable risperidone: safety and efficacy in stable patients switched from conventional depot antipsychotics. Eerdekens, E; Eerdekens, M; Jacko, M; Turner, M, 2004)	0.32
"In contrast with the Parkinson's-like effects associated with the mitochondrial neurotoxin N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and the neuroleptic agent haloperidol, there exist no reports on adverse central nervous system (CNS) effects with the structurally related N-substituted-4-arylpiperidin-4-ol derivative and antidiarrheal agent loperamide."	( Identification of an N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-like metabolite of the antidiarrheal agent loperamide in human liver microsomes: underlying reason(s) for the lack of neurotoxicity despite the bioactivation event. Kalgutkar, AS; Nguyen, HT, 2004)	0.52
" Data included safety assessments with an extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) questionnaire and the report of spontaneous adverse events, plus clinical assessments with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness (CGI-S)."	( Safety and effectiveness of olanzapine in monotherapy: a multivariate analysis of a naturalistic study. Alvarez, E; Bobes, J; Cañas, F; Carrasco, JL; Ciudad, A; Gascón, J; Gibert, J; Gómez, JC; Gutiérrez, M, 2005)	0.33
"5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects."	( Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling. Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL, 2004)	0.32
" Adverse effects from the use of haloperidol such as prolonged QTc, dystonic reactions, and torsades de pointes were recorded."	( Pharmacologic treatment of acute pediatric methamphetamine toxicity. Ruha, AM; Yarema, MC, 2006)	0.62
" No serious adverse effects were observed from the use of these agents."	( Pharmacologic treatment of acute pediatric methamphetamine toxicity. Ruha, AM; Yarema, MC, 2006)	0.33
"The aim of this study was to determine the risk of adverse events for risperidone and haloperidol in delirium patients."	( Comparison of the risk of adverse events between risperidone and haloperidol in delirium patients. Hoshino, S; Miyaji, S; Miyaoka, H; Sakai, Y; Yamamoto, H; Yamamoto, K, 2007)	0.8
" Extrapyramidal symptom-related adverse events were lower for aripiprazole (1."	( Efficacy and safety of oral aripiprazole compared with haloperidol in patients transitioning from acute treatment with intramuscular formulations. Allen, MH; Crandall, DT; Currier, GW; Daniel, DG; Manos, G; McQuade, R; Oren, D; Pikalov, AA; Zimbroff, DL, 2007)	0.59
"Acutely agitated patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder treated with aripiprazole IM or haloperidol IM demonstrated similar effective and safe transition to their respective oral formulations."	( Efficacy and safety of oral aripiprazole compared with haloperidol in patients transitioning from acute treatment with intramuscular formulations. Allen, MH; Crandall, DT; Currier, GW; Daniel, DG; Manos, G; McQuade, R; Oren, D; Pikalov, AA; Zimbroff, DL, 2007)	0.8
"In the filter diffusion test, freshly mixed Epiphany and AH Plus were rated severely toxic and RoekoSeal and EndoREZ nontoxic."	( Toxicity evaluation of root canal sealers in vitro. Bruzell, E; Lodiene, G; Morisbak, E; Ørstavik, D, 2008)	0.35
"The multi-methacrylate resin-based (Epiphany) root canal sealer was significantly more toxic to L-929 cells than the silicone-based Roeko Seal and the single methacrylate-based EndoREZ root canal sealers."	( Toxicity evaluation of root canal sealers in vitro. Bruzell, E; Lodiene, G; Morisbak, E; Ørstavik, D, 2008)	0.35
" The aim of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs on fatty liver."	( Gene expression on liver toxicity induced by administration of haloperidol in rats with severe fatty liver. Hanagama, M; Inoue, H; Kamiya, M; Nata, M; Shinone, K, 2008)	0.59
" The most common adverse events were insomnia (18."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of iloperidone: results from 3 clinical trials for the treatment of schizophrenia. Di Marino, M; Kane, JM; Laska, E; Lauriello, J; Wolfgang, CD, 2008)	0.35
" In addition, adverse events were also evaluated."	( [A naturalistic, observational study of outpatients with schizophrenia: efficacy and safety results after 6 months. The International Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes study, IC-SOHO]. Agoston, T; István, S; Tamás, T; Zoltán, J, 2007)	0.34
" During the assessment periods Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was administered to monitor the progress in psychopathology and Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser (UKU) side effects rating scale was applied to rate the treatment emergent adverse effects."	( An open, randomized, comparative study of efficacy and safety of risperidone and haloperidol in schizophrenia. Adhikari, SR; Gurung, CK; Koirala, NR; Nepal, MK; Sharma, VD; Tamrakar, SM, )	0.36
" MetaSEAL was more toxic than AH Plus Jet during the first week."	( In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of a self-adhesive, methacrylate resin-based root canal sealer. Brackett, MG; Cotti, E; Dettori, C; Huffman, BP; Lockwood, PE; Mai, S; Pashley, DH; Pinna, L; Tay, FR, 2008)	0.35
" Sample size was reduced from 311 to 156 patients, thereby decreasing the number of patients exposed to placebo from 54 to 30 and the number exposed to the active control with a known side effect from 126 to 60."	( Bayesian adaptive non-inferiority with safety assessment: retrospective case study to highlight potential benefits and limitations of the approach. Baker, R; Breier, A; Dunayevich, E; Lindborg, S; Seaman, J; Spann, M, 2009)	0.35
" Safety and tolerability evaluations included incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events and extrapyramidal symptom assessments (SAS, BARS, and AIMS), and metabolic profile changes including weight and BMI."	( The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of aripiprazole for the treatment of schizoaffective disorder: results from a pooled analysis of a sub-population of subjects from two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pivotal trials. Assunção-Talbott, S; Eudicone, JM; Glick, ID; Mankoski, R; Marcus, RN; Tran, QV, 2009)	0.35
" It may potentially have a lower incidence of adverse events than other antipsychotic agents."	( The efficacy and safety of blonanserin compared with haloperidol in acute-phase schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study. Garcia, E; Nakamura, H; Peris, F; Robert, M; Sato, N; Terazawa, Y, 2009)	0.6
" Patients were assessed weekly for clinical efficacy, adverse events, extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and drug compliance, and were assessed biweekly for other safety variables."	( The efficacy and safety of blonanserin compared with haloperidol in acute-phase schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study. Garcia, E; Nakamura, H; Peris, F; Robert, M; Sato, N; Terazawa, Y, 2009)	0.6
"The ranking of the most to the least toxic material was: Acroseal > Epiphany = AH Plus >> COP."	( The induction of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity by root canal sealers in mammalian cells. Camargo, CH; Camargo, SE; Hiller, KA; Schmalz, G; Schweikl, H; Valera, MC, 2009)	0.35
"The RealSeal sealer was significantly more toxic to MG63 cells than the AH Plus within 3 days, whereas RealSeal core material was similar with gutta-percha."	( Cytotoxicity of RealSeal on human osteoblast-like MG63 cells. Dong, G; Liang, J; Xu, P; Ye, L; Zheng, L, 2010)	0.36
" Treatment with antipsychotics in this limited pilot trial did not improve the number of days alive without delirium or coma, nor did it increase adverse outcomes."	( Feasibility, efficacy, and safety of antipsychotics for intensive care unit delirium: the MIND randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Bernard, GR; Canonico, AE; Carson, SS; Dittus, RS; Ely, EW; Girard, TD; Meltzer, HY; Pandharipande, PP; Pun, BT; Schmidt, GA; Shintani, AK; Thompson, JL; Wright, PE, 2010)	0.36
" Treatment-related adverse events (AEs) occurred in 44% and 52%, 57%, and 41% of the asenapine at 5 and 10 mg BID, haloperidol, and placebo groups, respectively."	( Efficacy and safety of asenapine in a placebo- and haloperidol-controlled trial in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. Alphs, L; Cohen, M; Kane, JM; Panagides, J; Zhao, J, 2010)	0.82
"AH Plus root canal sealer was significantly more toxic to L-929 cells than MTA and iRoot SP."	( Ex vivo cytotoxicity of a new calcium silicate-based canal filling material. Li, Z; Peng, B; Zhang, W, 2010)	0.36
" Patients reported similar levels of adverse events and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), except for extrapyramidal syndrome-related TEAEs, which were more common in the risperidone-treated group."	( A double-blind, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of sertindole and risperidone in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Buckley, PF; Daniel, DG; Kane, JM; Potkin, SG, 2011)	0.37
" We both investigated the antipsychotic effect (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) and motor side effect (Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale) at baseline and days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28."	( Glutamatergic gene variants impact the clinical profile of efficacy and side effects of haloperidol. Dolžan, V; Drago, A; Giegling, I; Hartmann, AM; Möller, HJ; Plesničar, BK; Rujescu, D; Sander, T; Schäfer, M; Serretti, A; Stassen, HH; Toliat, MR, 2011)	0.59
" The present study investigates the molecular etiology of haloperidol neurotoxicity and the role of curcumin, a well-known anti-oxidant, in ameliorating these adverse effects."	( Protective effect of curcumin and its combination with piperine (bioavailability enhancer) against haloperidol-associated neurotoxicity: cellular and neurochemical evidence. Bishnoi, M; Chopra, K; Kulkarni, SK; Rongzhu, L, 2011)	0.83
" Diluted eluates of Activ GP and Epiphany were generally less toxic than the undiluted ones."	( Cytotoxicity of 5 endodontic sealers on L929 cell line and human dental pulp cells. Bayırlı, G; Bayrak, OF; Ersev, H; Karapınar-Kazandağ, M; Sahin, F; Tanalp, J; Yalvaç, ME, 2011)	0.37
" Based on adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports of QT prolongation and torsades de pointes, regulatory agencies recommended the use of continuous telemetry or advising against the intravenous administration in general."	( Comparative safety of antipsychotics in the WHO pharmacovigilance database: the haloperidol case. Guglielmo, BJ; Meier, CR; Meyer-Massetti, C; Rätz Bravo, AE; Vaerini, S, 2011)	0.6
"While regulatory agencies advise against the use of intravenous haloperidol, review of VigiBase does not reveal that the intravenous route is any more likely to be associated with cardiac adverse events."	( Comparative safety of antipsychotics in the WHO pharmacovigilance database: the haloperidol case. Guglielmo, BJ; Meier, CR; Meyer-Massetti, C; Rätz Bravo, AE; Vaerini, S, 2011)	0.83
"The objective of the study was to examine the efficacy and the degree of adverse effects connected with atypical neuroleptic drugs and haloperidol by using a previously described Bayesian statistical method that includes both direct and indirect comparisons simultaneously."	( A review and Bayesian meta-analysis of clinical efficacy and adverse effects of 4 atypical neuroleptic drugs compared with haloperidol and placebo. Aursnes, I; Gaasemyr, J; Klemp, M; Natvig, B; Skomedal, T; Tvete, IF, 2011)	0.78
" When the risk of adverse effects is analyzed, olanzapine and clozapine are afflicted with the highest risk of inducing weight gain and haloperidol with extrapyramidal symptoms."	( A review and Bayesian meta-analysis of clinical efficacy and adverse effects of 4 atypical neuroleptic drugs compared with haloperidol and placebo. Aursnes, I; Gaasemyr, J; Klemp, M; Natvig, B; Skomedal, T; Tvete, IF, 2011)	0.78
" Safety measures included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), weight and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs)."	( Efficacy and safety of olanzapine in the treatment of Japanese patients with bipolar I disorder in a current manic or mixed episode: a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and haloperidol-controlled study. Higuchi, T; Kanba, S; Katagiri, H; Takahashi, M; Takita, Y; Tohen, M, 2012)	0.57
"Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs) are common adverse effects of antipsychotics."	( The association study of polymorphisms in DAT, DRD2, and COMT genes and acute extrapyramidal adverse effects in male schizophrenic patients treated with haloperidol. Bozina, N; Mihaljević-Peles, A; Muck-Seler, D; Nikolac-Perkovic, M; Sagud, M; Vuksan-Cusa, B; Zivković, M, 2013)	0.59
"Root canal sealing materials may have toxic potential in vitro depending on the cell line, cytotoxicity assay, material chemistry, and degree of polymer curing."	( Detection of leachables and cytotoxicity after exposure to methacrylate- and epoxy-based root canal sealers in vitro. Bruzell, EM; Kopperud, HM; Lodienė, G; Ørstavik, D, 2013)	0.39
" The safety was evaluated by the Udvalg Kliniske Undersogelser side effect rating scale."	( Efficacy and safety of haloperidol versus atypical antipsychotic medications in the treatment of delirium. Choi, SH; Choi, WJ; Kim, JJ; Park, JY; Park, KM; Seok, JH; Yoon, HJ, 2013)	0.7
" Fifteen subjects experienced a few adverse events, but there were no significant differences in adverse event profiles among the four groups."	( Efficacy and safety of haloperidol versus atypical antipsychotic medications in the treatment of delirium. Choi, SH; Choi, WJ; Kim, JJ; Park, JY; Park, KM; Seok, JH; Yoon, HJ, 2013)	0.7
"Haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine were equally efficacious and safe in the treatment of delirium."	( Efficacy and safety of haloperidol versus atypical antipsychotic medications in the treatment of delirium. Choi, SH; Choi, WJ; Kim, JJ; Park, JY; Park, KM; Seok, JH; Yoon, HJ, 2013)	2.14
" Long-term use leads to various adverse side effects, especially to severe impairment of extrapyramidal nerve tracts and in particular, altered QT interval and increased incidence of arrhytmias."	( Haloperidol cytotoxicity and its relation to oxidative stress. Adam, V; Babula, P; Gumulec, J; Kizek, R; Masarik, M; Novakova, M; Polanska, H; Raudenska, M; Stracina, T; Sztalmachova, M, 2013)	1.83
" The cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that ZnO QDs at higher concentrations decreased cell viability but were generally safe at 30 ppm or below."	( Synthesis of water-dispersible zinc oxide quantum dots with antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity for cell labeling. Hsu, SH; Huang, S; Lee, DS; Lem, KW; Lin, YY; Nguyen, DH, 2013)	0.39
" The goal of this study was to compare QTc prolongation, adverse events, and effectiveness of droperidol and haloperidol among a cohort of agitated patients in the prehospital setting."	( Comparison of droperidol and haloperidol for use by paramedics: assessment of safety and effectiveness. Caruso, EH; Colwell, CB; Gaither, JB; Haukoos, JS; Johnston, JB; Macht, M; Marquez, KD; McVaney, KE; Mull, AC; Shupp, AM, )	0.63
" We reviewed emergency department (ED) electrocardiograms when available (haloperidol, n = 78, 25%; droperidol, n = 178, 76%) for QTc length (in milliseconds), medical records for clinically relevant adverse events (defined a priori as systolic blood pressure (SBP) <90 mmHg, seizure, administration of anti-dysrhythmic medications, cardioversion or defibrillation, bag-valve-mask ventilation, intubation, cardiopulmonary arrest, and prehospital or in-hospital death)."	( Comparison of droperidol and haloperidol for use by paramedics: assessment of safety and effectiveness. Caruso, EH; Colwell, CB; Gaither, JB; Haukoos, JS; Johnston, JB; Macht, M; Marquez, KD; McVaney, KE; Mull, AC; Shupp, AM, )	0.65
" There were no statistically significant differences in adverse events in the droperidol group as compared to the haloperidol group."	( Comparison of droperidol and haloperidol for use by paramedics: assessment of safety and effectiveness. Caruso, EH; Colwell, CB; Gaither, JB; Haukoos, JS; Johnston, JB; Macht, M; Marquez, KD; McVaney, KE; Mull, AC; Shupp, AM, )	0.63
"In this cohort of agitated patients treated with haloperidol or droperidol in the prehospital setting, there was no significant difference found in QTc prolongation, adverse events, or need for repeat sedation between haloperidol and droperidol."	( Comparison of droperidol and haloperidol for use by paramedics: assessment of safety and effectiveness. Caruso, EH; Colwell, CB; Gaither, JB; Haukoos, JS; Johnston, JB; Macht, M; Marquez, KD; McVaney, KE; Mull, AC; Shupp, AM, )	0.68
" Both groups reported insomnia as the most common treatment-emergent adverse event, and no serious adverse event was reported."	( A double-blind, randomized comparison study of efficacy and safety of intramuscular olanzapine and intramuscular haloperidol in patients with schizophrenia and acute agitated behavior. Chan, HY; Chen, CK; Chen, JJ; Chen, YS; Chou, SY; Ree, SC; Su, LW, 2014)	0.61
"Haloperidol (HLP) is a potent antipsychotic drug that is commonly used for the treatments of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders but has a tendency to cause adverse effects."	( Evaluation of the in vitro cytogenotoxicity profile of antipsychotic drug haloperidol using human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Gajski, G; Garaj-Vrhovac, V; Gerić, M, 2014)	2.08
"At all experimental conditions, the extracts of freshly mixed GuttaFlow 2 were nontoxic, whereas the extracts of freshly mixed and set AH Plus and RealSeal sealers were toxic to HGF cells (P < ."	( In vitro cytotoxicity of guttaflow 2 on human gingival fibroblasts. Huang, Y; Liu, J; Mandal, P; Sah, SK; Zhao, J, 2014)	0.4
"Both GuttaFlow 2 and MTA evoked a less toxic response to HGF cells than AH Plus and RealSeal sealer."	( In vitro cytotoxicity of guttaflow 2 on human gingival fibroblasts. Huang, Y; Liu, J; Mandal, P; Sah, SK; Zhao, J, 2014)	0.4
" Secondary outcome measures include delirium severity and duration assessed with the Delirium Rating Scale Revised 98; number of delirium-free days; adverse events; hospital length-of-stay; all-cause mortality; new institutionalisation; (Instrumental) Activities of Daily Living assessed with the Katz Index of ADL, and Lawton IADL scale; cognitive function assessed with the Six-item Cognitive Impairment Test, and the Dutch short form Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly."	( Efficacy and safety of haloperidol prophylaxis for delirium prevention in older medical and surgical at-risk patients acutely admitted to hospital through the emergency department: study protocol of a multicenter, randomised, double-blind, placebo-control Anten, S; Bet, PM; Boelaarts, L; de Graaf, K; de Vries, OJ; Diepeveen, SH; Kamper, AM; Kramer, MH; Kuipéri, E; Lagaay, AM; Nanayakkara, PW; Pons, D; Schrijver, EJ; Siegel, A; van de Ven, PM; van Marum, RJ; van Strien, AM; Verburg, A, 2014)	0.71
"The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and side-effect profile of the typical antipsychotic haloperidol with that of the atypical antipsychotics risperidone, olanzapine, and aripiprazole in the management of delirium."	( Haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine and aripiprazole in the management of delirium: A comparison of efficacy, safety, and side effects. Boettger, S; Breitbart, W; Jenewein, J, 2015)	2.07
"The Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS), the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scale, and a side-effect rating were recorded at baseline (T1), after 2-3 days (T2), and after 4-7 days (T3)."	( Haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine and aripiprazole in the management of delirium: A comparison of efficacy, safety, and side effects. Boettger, S; Breitbart, W; Jenewein, J, 2015)	1.86
"Haloperidol, risperidone, aripiprazole, and olanzapine were equally effective in the management of delirium; however, they differed in terms of their side-effect profile."	( Haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine and aripiprazole in the management of delirium: A comparison of efficacy, safety, and side effects. Boettger, S; Breitbart, W; Jenewein, J, 2015)	3.3
"The reports submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from 1997 to 2011 were reviewed to assess serious adverse events induced by the administration of antipsychotics to children."	( Antipsychotics-associated serious adverse events in children: an analysis of the FAERS database. Brown, JB; Kadoyama, K; Kimura, G; Miki, I; Nakamura, T; Nisiguchi, K; Okuno, Y; Sakaeda, T, 2015)	0.42
" Signals in the data that signified a drug-associated adverse event were detected via quantitative data mining algorithms."	( Antipsychotics-associated serious adverse events in children: an analysis of the FAERS database. Brown, JB; Kadoyama, K; Kimura, G; Miki, I; Nakamura, T; Nisiguchi, K; Okuno, Y; Sakaeda, T, 2015)	0.42
" Significant signals of the QT prolongation adverse event were detected only for ziprasidone and risperidone."	( Antipsychotics-associated serious adverse events in children: an analysis of the FAERS database. Brown, JB; Kadoyama, K; Kimura, G; Miki, I; Nakamura, T; Nisiguchi, K; Okuno, Y; Sakaeda, T, 2015)	0.42
"It was suggested that there is a level of diversity in the strength of the association between various first- and second-generation antipsychotics with associated serious adverse events, which possibly lead to fatal outcomes."	( Antipsychotics-associated serious adverse events in children: an analysis of the FAERS database. Brown, JB; Kadoyama, K; Kimura, G; Miki, I; Nakamura, T; Nisiguchi, K; Okuno, Y; Sakaeda, T, 2015)	0.42
"While antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and akathisia remain important concerns in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, the relationship between movement disorder rating scales and spontaneously reported EPS-related adverse events (EPS-AEs) remains unexplored."	( Relating Spontaneously Reported Extrapyramidal Adverse Events to Movement Disorder Rating Scales. Fleischhacker, WW; Karayal, ON; Kemmler, G; Kolluri, S; Vanderburg, D; Widschwendter, CG, 2015)	0.42
" Haloperidol administration was not associated with treatment-limiting side-effects, but few studies used a systematic approach to identify adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of haloperidol for in-hospital delirium prevention and treatment: A systematic review of current evidence. de Graaf, K; de Vries, OJ; Maier, AB; Nanayakkara, PW; Schrijver, EJ, 2016)	1.66
" Moreover, its use is less toxic and safer."	( Comparison of Pharmacological Potency and Safety of Glutamate Blocker IEM-1913 and Memantine. Gmiro, VE; Serdyuk, SE; Veselkina, OS, 2015)	0.42
" Generally, the antipsychotics significantly enhanced NRG1/ErbB signaling with increased expression of NRG1 and phosphorylation of ErbB4 and ErbB2 in the brain and myocardium, except that clozapine partly blocked the cardiac NRG1/ErbB2 activation, which could be associated with its more severe cardiac adverse actions."	( Effects of prolonged antipsychotic administration on neuregulin-1/ErbB signaling in rat prefrontal cortex and myocardium: implications for the therapeutic action and cardiac adverse effect. Cai, H; Dang, R; Guo, Y; Jiang, P; Liang, D; Lv, C; Yang, R, 2016)	0.43
" The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adverse effects of BADGE on Rhinella arenarum by means of standardized bioassays at embryo-larval development."	( Developmental toxicity of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (epoxide resin badge) during the early life cycle of a native amphibian species. Aronzon, CM; Hutler Wolkowicz, I; Pérez Coll, C; Svartz, GV, 2016)	0.43
"Haloperidol was more effective than levosulpiride injection for psychotic symptoms, aggression, and severity of agitation in acute psychosis, but extrapyramidal adverse effects were less frequent with levosulpiride as compared with those receiving haloperidol."	( Efficacy and Safety of Levosulpiride Versus Haloperidol Injection in Patients With Acute Psychosis: A Randomized Double-Blind Study. Bains, HS; Kumar, A; Lavania, S; Praharaj, SK; Sinha, V, )	1.84
"Many adverse drug reactions are caused by the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent activation of drugs into reactive metabolites."	( Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships. Jones, LH; Nadanaciva, S; Rana, P; Will, Y, 2016)	0.43
"Driven by the need of pharmacovigilance centres and companies to routinely collect and review all available data about adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and adverse events of interest, we introduce and validate a computational framework exploiting dominant as well as emerging publicly available data sources for drug safety surveillance."	( Exploiting heterogeneous publicly available data sources for drug safety surveillance: computational framework and case studies. Jaulent, MC; Koutkias, VG; Lillo-Le Louët, A, 2017)	0.46
" We acquired data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), PubMed and Twitter."	( Exploiting heterogeneous publicly available data sources for drug safety surveillance: computational framework and case studies. Jaulent, MC; Koutkias, VG; Lillo-Le Louët, A, 2017)	0.46
" Pachymic acid could be a viable therapeutic agent to overcome the potential adverse effects associated with root canal sealers."	( A Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of the Addition of Pachymic Acid on the Cytotoxicity of 4 Different Root Canal Sealers-An In Vitro Study. Arun, S; Mahalaxmi, S; Rajkumar, K; Sampath, V, 2017)	0.46
"Purpose To evaluate glass-fiber-based guidewires that are safe for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided endovascular interventions by using a phantom and an in vivo swine model."	( Glass-Fiber-based MR-safe Guidewire for MR Imaging-guided Endovascular Interventions: In Vitro and Preclinical in Vivo Feasibility Study. Buecker, A; Massmann, A; Schneider, GK, 2017)	0.46
"These results suggest that epigenetic changes at the striatal Drd2 promoter drive age-related increases in antipsychotic side effect susceptibility, and HDAC inhibitors may be an effective adjunct treatment strategy to reduce side effects in aged populations."	( Histone deacetylase inhibitors reverse age-related increases in side effects of haloperidol in mice. Csernansky, JG; Dong, H; Fang, D; Fisher, DW; Montalvo-Ortiz, JL; Rodríguez, G, 2017)	0.68
" On hospital admission, serum level of lithium was far above toxic level."	( Hypertensive bipolar: chronic lithium toxicity in patients taking ACE inhibitor. Abdul Aziz, MF; Masiran, R, 2017)	0.46
"As delirium in critically ill children is increasingly recognized, more children are treated with the antipsychotic drug haloperidol, while current dosing guidelines are lacking solid evidence and appear to be associated with a high risk of adverse events."	( Monitoring Haloperidol Plasma Concentration and Associated Adverse Events in Critically Ill Children With Delirium: First Results of a Clinical Protocol Aimed to Monitor Efficacy and Safety. de Wildt, SN; Ista, E; Jessurun, N; Slooff, VD; Tibboel, D; van Beusekom, BS; van den Dungen, DK, 2018)	1.08
" Daily, adverse events were systematically assessed, haloperidol plasma concentrations were measured, and delirium symptoms followed."	( Monitoring Haloperidol Plasma Concentration and Associated Adverse Events in Critically Ill Children With Delirium: First Results of a Clinical Protocol Aimed to Monitor Efficacy and Safety. de Wildt, SN; Ista, E; Jessurun, N; Slooff, VD; Tibboel, D; van Beusekom, BS; van den Dungen, DK, 2018)	1.12
" In all patients, pediatric delirium resolved, but five of 13 patients developed possible adverse event."	( Monitoring Haloperidol Plasma Concentration and Associated Adverse Events in Critically Ill Children With Delirium: First Results of a Clinical Protocol Aimed to Monitor Efficacy and Safety. de Wildt, SN; Ista, E; Jessurun, N; Slooff, VD; Tibboel, D; van Beusekom, BS; van den Dungen, DK, 2018)	0.87
"Prospective systematic monitoring of adverse event in critically ill children receiving haloperidol revealed a significant proportion of possible adverse events."	( Monitoring Haloperidol Plasma Concentration and Associated Adverse Events in Critically Ill Children With Delirium: First Results of a Clinical Protocol Aimed to Monitor Efficacy and Safety. de Wildt, SN; Ista, E; Jessurun, N; Slooff, VD; Tibboel, D; van Beusekom, BS; van den Dungen, DK, 2018)	1.09
"Based on findings from 34 blinded, randomized controlled trials, common acute adverse effects of second-generation antipsychotics and haloperidol were headache, dizziness, insomnia, and somnolence."	( Evidence-Based Review Of Pharmacotherapy For Acute Agitation. Part 2: Safety. Zun, LS, 2018)	0.68
" The current report presents adverse events in an infant exposed to a combination of risperidone and haloperidol through breast milk."	( Adverse Events in a Breastfed Infant Exposed to Risperidone and Haloperidol. Uguz, F, 2019)	0.97
" There was a significant difference between aripiprazole and placebo in the incidence rate of adverse events (AEs) for somnolence (RR = 6."	( Safety of aripiprazole for tics in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cui, H; Mao, J; Yang, C; Yi, Q; Zhang, L, 2019)	0.51
" In terms of safety profiles, haloperidol was not associated with increased risk for QTc prolongation, extrapyramidal symptoms, or adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of haloperidol for delirium prevention in adult patients: An updated meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chen, R; Chen, Z; Deng, Y; Guo, H; Hou, Y; Liu, G; Su, Y; Wei, X; Wen, S; Ye, Z; Zheng, D; Zuo, L, 2020)	1.16
" A disproportionality analysis was performed to detect a signal for reporting "infective-pneumonia" and "pneumonia-aspiration" and antipsychotics using reports submitted between 2004 and 2019 to the FDA adverse events spontaneous reporting system (FAERS) database."	( Exploring a Safety Signal of Antipsychotic-Associated Pneumonia: A Pharmacovigilance-Pharmacodynamic Study. Cepaityte, D; Egberts, T; Kouvelas, D; Leucht, S; Papazisis, G; Siafis, S, 2021)	0.62
" Secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients who required rescue medications for agitation within 4 hours of initial IV olanzapine or IV haloperidol administration, incidence of adverse events and ICU length of stay."	( A Retrospective Comparison of the Effectiveness and Safety of Intravenous Olanzapine Versus Intravenous Haloperidol for Agitation in Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients. Abdallah, GT; Eche, IJ; Eche, IM; Hsu, D; Knoph, KN; Patel, P; Wang, M; Wong, A; Yankama, TT, 2022)	1.14
" This material has been utilized to fabricate fire safe epoxy thermosets (EP)."	( From herbicide to flame retardant: The lamellar-like phosphorus-bridged amitrole toward high fire safety epoxy resin with light smoke and low toxicity. Ai, YF; Bai, WB; Jian, RK; Lin, YC; Liu, XD; Xie, RR, 2022)	0.72
" The release of toxic gases (CO and HCN) and volatile organic compounds in the EP was also effectively inhibited at the same time."	( Covalent grafting diazotized black phosphorus with ferrocene oligomer towards smoke suppression and toxicity reduction. Qiu, S; Song, L; Wang, J; Yang, W; Zhou, Y; Zou, B, 2022)	0.72
"Retrospective studies using spontaneous reporting system databases have provided a great understanding of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the real world, complementing the data obtained from randomized controlled trials."	( Characteristics of adverse reactions among antipsychotic drugs using the Korean Adverse Event Reporting System database from 2010 to 2019. Byeon, SJ; Chung, SJ; Oh, S, 2022)	0.72
"Data were collected from the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System database between 2010 and 2019."	( Characteristics of adverse reactions among antipsychotic drugs using the Korean Adverse Event Reporting System database from 2010 to 2019. Byeon, SJ; Chung, SJ; Oh, S, 2022)	0.72
"In total, 5067 adverse events associated with antipsychotic drugs were reported."	( Characteristics of adverse reactions among antipsychotic drugs using the Korean Adverse Event Reporting System database from 2010 to 2019. Byeon, SJ; Chung, SJ; Oh, S, 2022)	0.72
" The frequent detection of bisphenols in maternal and fetal samples has raised concerns about their toxic effects on human embryonic development, especially on the development of the central nervous system."	( Development of human retinal organoid models for bisphenol toxicity assessment. Fang, Y; Gao, H; Ge, L; Gong, J; Kang, J; Li, M; Xu, H; Yang, C; Yang, J, 2022)	0.72
"To compare the risk for in-hospital adverse events associated with oral haloperidol, olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in older patients after major surgery."	( Comparative Safety Analysis of Oral Antipsychotics for In-Hospital Adverse Clinical Events in Older Adults After Major Surgery : A Nationwide Cohort Study. Bateman, BT; Ely, EW; Inouye, SK; Jones, RN; Kim, DH; Lee, SB; Levin, R; Marcantonio, ER; Metzger, E; Pandharipande, PP; Park, CM; Pisani, MA, 2023)	1.14
"These results suggest that atypical antipsychotics and haloperidol have similar rates of in-hospital adverse clinical events in older patients with postoperative delirium who receive an oral low-to-moderate dose antipsychotic drug."	( Comparative Safety Analysis of Oral Antipsychotics for In-Hospital Adverse Clinical Events in Older Adults After Major Surgery : A Nationwide Cohort Study. Bateman, BT; Ely, EW; Inouye, SK; Jones, RN; Kim, DH; Lee, SB; Levin, R; Marcantonio, ER; Metzger, E; Pandharipande, PP; Park, CM; Pisani, MA, 2023)	1.16

Pharmacokinetics

The extent and clinical significance of the pharmacokinetic interaction between fluoxetine and haloperidol was studied in 13 schizophrenic patients with prominent negative symptoms. A pharmacodynamic model was set up to quantitatively describe the time-dependent adaptation of HVA accumulation in the whole rat brain.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Then, the principal pharmacokinetic data of haloperidol are exposed with a special emphasis on the lack of information about the correlations between plasma levels and clinical effects."	( [Value of pharmacokinetic data during the treatment of psychoses with haloperidol]. Cottereau, MJ; Cuche, H; Deniker, P; Lôo, H; Zarifian, E, 1979)	0.75
" These data were used to determine the pharmacokinetic factor(s) that correlate best with HL and RHL concentrations in hair."	( Steady-state pharmacokinetics of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in schizophrenic patients: analysis of factors determining their concentrations in hair. Hasegawa, K; Hirayama, H; Matsuno, H; Nakashima, M; Sato, H; Uematsu, T, 1992)	0.56
" The mean elimination half-life of 54."	( Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in Chinese schizophrenic patients after intravenous and oral administration of haloperidol. Chang, WH; Chen, H; Jann, MW; Lam, YW, 1992)	0.61
" A pharmacodynamic model was set up to quantitatively describe the time-dependent adaptation of HVA accumulation in the whole rat brain during constant haloperidol administration."	( A pharmacodynamic model to predict the time dependent adaptation of dopaminergic activity during constant concentrations of haloperidol. Cheng, YF; Paalzow, LK, 1990)	0.68
" This means that it has a long half-life measurable in months rather than weeks."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics of fluphenazine after fluphenazine decanoate administration. Cooper, TB; Levinson, DF; Lo, ES; Simpson, GM; Stephanos, MJ; Yadalam, KG, 1990)	0.28
" Results suggested an absorption half-life of 4 weeks, although, in three cases steady state was only achieved after 11 monthly injections."	( Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol and fluphenazine decanoates in chronic schizophrenia. McCreadie, RG; Whitehead, A; Wiles, DH, 1990)	0.6
" The authors examined the possibilities of a pharmacokinetic effect of alprazolam on neuroleptic plasma levels and of a clinical effect of alprazolam."	( Neuroleptic augmentation with alprazolam: clinical effects and pharmacokinetic correlates. Angrist, B; Cooper, T; Douyon, R; Peselow, E; Rotrosen, J, 1989)	0.28
" However, there is large interindividual, but not intraindividual, variability in plasma haloperidol concentrations and most pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol. Davis, CM; Froemming, JS; Jann, MW; Lam, YW, 1989)	0.82
" The distributions of these pharmacokinetic parameters about their respective means were each leptokurtotic and skewed toward higher values."	( Intersubject variation in the pharmacokinetics of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol. Chakraborty, BS; Ganes, DA; Hawes, EM; Hubbard, JW; Keegan, DL; Korchinski, ED; McKay, G; Midha, KK, 1989)	0.53
" The plasma RHAL:HAL ratios on days 6 and 7 were higher than and positively correlated with those at Tmax after a single dose of HAL and were negatively correlated with the HAL:RHAL ratios at Tmax after a single dose of RHAL."	( Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in schizophrenic patients. Chang, WH; Chen, CT; Chen, TY; Hu, WH; Jann, MW; Lam, YW; Lin, SK; Yeh, EK, 1989)	0.54
" The enanthate produces peak plasma concentrations on days 2 to 3 and declines with an apparent elimination half-life (i."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of the depot antipsychotics. Ereshefsky, L; Jann, MW; Saklad, SR, )	0.13
" Moreover pharmacokinetic data increasingly have been clinically applied."	( Chemotherapy with neuroleptics. Clinical and pharmacokinetic aspects with a particular view to depot preparations. Knudsen, P, 1985)	0.27
"Precise pharmacokinetic data of long-acting neuroleptics: apparent half life (T 1/2), time of peak plasma concentration (Tmax), bioavailability, has been a major contribution to determine optimal dosage of the drug."	( [Clinical pharmacokinetics of haloperidol decanoate. Comparison with other prolonged-action neuroleptics]. Levron, JC; Ropert, R, )	0.42
" Both agents possess similar pharmacodynamic properties which are consistent with central antidopaminergic activity."	( Bromperidol. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in psychoses. Benfield, P; Clark, BG; Jue, SG; Ward, A, 1988)	0.27
" Serum levels of haloperidol were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and serum concentration data obtained were submitted to pharmacokinetic analysis."	( Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol in psychotic patients. Bondesson, U; Cheng, YF; Ekblom, B; Eriksson, K; Eriksson, SO; Lindberg, A; Lindström, L; Paalzow, LK, 1987)	0.94
" Haloperidol decanoate has no intrinsic activity: its pharmacodynamic actions are those of haloperidol--primarily that of central antidopamine activity."	( Haloperidol decanoate. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in psychosis. Beresford, R; Ward, A, 1987)	2.63
" Within each interval between doses, haloperidol plasma levels were maximal within the first week after each dose, decaying with an average half-life of three weeks."	( Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and clinical development of haloperidol decanoate. Gelders, YG, 1986)	0.79
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of both the distribution and elimination phases were similar in each forebrain region for both haloperidol and amphetamine."	( Unilateral cerebral drug administration: pharmacokinetics of haloperidol and amphetamine. Hyde, JF; Jerussi, TP, 1987)	0.72
" A possible increase in anticholinergic symptoms and a pharmacokinetic interaction are reported in literature."	( Combination therapy with haloperidol and orphenadrine in schizophrenia. A clinical and pharmacokinetic study. Altamura, AC; Buccio, M; Cazzullo, CL; Colombo, G; Terzi, A, )	0.43
" We conclude that hypophysectomy may enhance the ability of haloperidol to induce striatal dopamine receptor supersensitivity in the rat, and that this may be due to differences in the pharmacokinetic handling of haloperidol between sham-operated and hypophysectomized animals."	( Hypophysectomy may non-selectively alter pharmacokinetic parameters to enhance the ability of haloperidol to increase striatal dopamine receptor density in the rat. Jenner, P; Marsden, CD; Simpson, MD, 1986)	0.73
" The program enables the analysis of pharmacokinetic drug level profiles with a high degree of precision."	( STRITERFIT, a least-squares pharmacokinetic curve-fitting package using a programmable calculator. Schwerzel, E; Thornhill, DP, 1985)	0.27
"The pharmacokinetic behaviour of haloperidol (0."	( Pharmacokinetics and effects of haloperidol in the isolated mouse. Baumann, GH; Zetler, G, 1985)	0.83
"The future of depot neuroleptic therapy is discussed in terms of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic research opportunities."	( Future of depot neuroleptic therapy: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic approaches. Davis, CM; Ereshefsky, L; Jann, MW; Richards, A; Saklad, SR; Seidel, DR, 1984)	0.27
" Four to 5 Cmin were monitored just before the morning valproic acid dose for 3 to 4 days preceding the kinetic study."	( The effects of neuroleptics (haloperidol and chlorpromazine) on the pharmacokinetics of valproic acid in schizophrenic patients. Chiba, K; Iizuka, R; Ishizaki, T; Kobayashi, K; Saito, M, 1984)	0.56
" The results indicate that the analgesic effect of morphine in the tail-flick test is correlated better with the spinal than cerebral morphine levels and that potentiation of morphine analgesia by haloperidol is due, at least in part, to pharmacokinetic interaction."	( Behavioral and pharmacokinetic interaction between morphine and haloperidol in the rat. Adamus, A; Melzacka, M; Vetulani, J, )	0.56
" After a bolus administration, plasma and brain concentrations were significantly higher at later time points, the plasma elimination half-life was significantly longer and the estimated plasma clearance was lower in 32- to 34- than in 3- to 4-month-old animals."	( Age effects on haloperidol pharmacokinetics in male, Fischer-344 rats. Kapetanovic, IM; Rapoport, SI; Sweeney, DJ, 1982)	0.62
" The biological half-life of 15."	( Haloperidol pharmacokinetics: a preliminary study in rhesus monkeys using a new radioimmunoassay procedure. Barrow, A; Forrest, TJ; Jackson, LS; Palmer, RF; Stafford, JE, 1981)	1.71
"The investigation was designed to study plasma drug concentration and prolactin response determined by two different doses of haloperidol, a standard one and four-fold higher the other, and to explore the relationships between clinical effects and pharmacokinetic and physiological variables in psychotic patients."	( [Standard and high doses of haloperidol. Clinical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects]. Birkner, R; Delgado, S; Duran, E; Haverbeck, C; Katz, I; Kohen, P; Schilkrut, R, )	0.63
" Most traditional antipsychotic drugs have similar pharmacokinetic profiles that differ from the newer agents in several key respects."	( Brief comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the traditional and newer antipsychotic drugs. DeVane, CL, 1995)	0.29
"A pharmacodynamic interactional study with omeprazole was undertaken in rats."	( Pharmacodynamic interactions of omeprazole with CNS active drugs in rats. Chakrabarti, A; Chandrashekhar, SM; Garg, SK, 1995)	0.29
" Mean pharmacokinetic parameters of haloperidol in the presence of alosetron and placebo treatments were not significantly (P > ."	( Effect of alosetron (a new 5-HT3 receptor antagonist) on the pharmacokinetics of haloperidol in schizophrenic patients. Gupta, SK; Kunka, RL; Lloyd, T; Metz, A; Perel, JM; Rudolph, G, 1995)	0.79
"The purpose of the study was to investigate clinical and pharmacokinetic parameters concerning perphenazine decanoate (PD) and haloperidol decanoate (HD) with an interval of 3 weeks during a study period of 51 weeks."	( A long-term cross-over pharmacokinetic study comparing perphenazine decanoate and haloperidol decanoate in schizophrenic patients. Dencker, SJ; Giös, I; Mårtensson, E; Nordén, T; Nyberg, G; Persson, R; Roman, G; Stockman, O; Svärd, KO, 1994)	0.72
" To deal with pharmacokinetic aspects two main topics are discussed in this paper: (A) the interindividual differences in bioavailability and metabolism and (B) the plasma level-clinical response relationship."	( A multidimensional (pharmacokinetic and clinical-biological) approach to neuroleptic response in schizophrenia. With particular reference to drug resistance. Altamura, AC, 1993)	0.29
"A double-blind, placebo-controlled study using 12 healthy men was designed to evaluate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions when nefazodone and haloperidol are coadministered."	( Investigation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions after coadministration of nefazodone and haloperidol. Barbhaiya, RH; Breul, HP; Greene, DS; Midha, KK; Shukla, UA, 1996)	0.7
"The pharmacokinetic interaction between buspirone and haloperidol was evaluated in schizophrenic patients in two different groups."	( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between buspirone and haloperidol in patients with schizophrenia. Chang, TP; Chang, WH; Chen, JS; Chien, CP; Huang, HF; Jann, MW; Juang, DJ; Lam, YW; Lin, SK; Wei, FC, 1996)	0.79
" These pharmacokinetic changes were not due to the changes in the rate of MAP metabolism."	( Effects of haloperidol and cocaine pretreatments on brain distribution and kinetics of [11C]methamphetamine in methamphetamine sensitized dog: application of PET to drug pharmacokinetic study. Fujiwara, T; Funaki, Y; Hishinuma, T; Ido, T; Ishiwata, S; Itoh, M; Iwata, R; Mizugaki, M; Nakamura, H; Numachi, Y; Sato, M; Tomioka, Y; Yanai, K; Yoshida, S, 1997)	0.69
"The extent and clinical significance of the pharmacokinetic interaction between fluoxetine and haloperidol was studied in 13 schizophrenic patients with prominent negative symptoms."	( Interaction between fluoxetine and haloperidol: pharmacokinetic and clinical implications. Avenoso, A; Campo, G; Caputi, AP; Facciolă, G; Ferlito, M; Perucca, E; Spinà, E; Zuccaro, P, 1997)	0.79
"The objective of this study was to examine neuroleptic effectiveness among Asians and Caucasians, and to investigate inter-ethnic pharmacodynamic differences."	( An investigation of ethnic and gender differences in the pharmacodynamics of haloperidol. Bean, G; Beiser, M; Zhang-Wong, J; Zipursky, RB, 1998)	0.53
"Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between the gastrokinetic drug cisapride and the antipsychotic drugs bromperidol and haloperidol were studied in 29 schizophrenic inpatients."	( No pharmacokinetic but pharmacodynamic interactions between cisapride and bromperidol or haloperidol. Furukori, H; Inoue, Y; Ishida, M; Kaneko, S; Kondo, T; Mihara, K; Nagashima, U; Otani, K; Suzuki, A; Yasui, N, 1999)	0.73
" The aim of this study was to investigate possible pharmacokinetic interactions of neuroleptic haloperidol with the beta-blocker carteolol and the anticholinergic biperiden."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions among haloperidol, carteolol hydrochloride and biperiden hydrochloride. Aoki, S; Hisazumi, H; Isawa, S; Kudo, S; Kumagai, Y; Miura, S; Murasaki, M; Uchiumi, M; Yoshioka, M, 1999)	0.77
" Pharmacokinetic interactions occur between haloperidol and various drugs given concomitantly, for example, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, nefazodone, venlafaxine, buspirone, alprazolam, rifampicin (rifampin), quinidine and carteolol."	( Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol: an update. Ishizaki, T; Kudo, S, 1999)	0.89
"Retrospective population pharmacokinetic study."	( Population pharmacokinetics of haloperidol using routine clinical pharmacokinetic data in Japanese patients. Anai, M; Goto, Y; Higuchi, S; Hokazono, T; Ichimaru, R; Maki, T; Matsunaga, K; Ohdo, S; Yukawa, E; Yukawa, M, 2002)	0.6
"Routine clinical pharmacokinetic data gathered from patients receiving haloperidol were analysed to estimate population pharmacokinetic parameters with the nonlinear mixed effects model (NONMEM) computer program."	( Population pharmacokinetics of haloperidol using routine clinical pharmacokinetic data in Japanese patients. Anai, M; Goto, Y; Higuchi, S; Hokazono, T; Ichimaru, R; Maki, T; Matsunaga, K; Ohdo, S; Yukawa, E; Yukawa, M, 2002)	0.83
"The final pharmacokinetic model was CL = 42."	( Population pharmacokinetics of haloperidol using routine clinical pharmacokinetic data in Japanese patients. Anai, M; Goto, Y; Higuchi, S; Hokazono, T; Ichimaru, R; Maki, T; Matsunaga, K; Ohdo, S; Yukawa, E; Yukawa, M, 2002)	0.6
" Despite a statistically significant greater mean elimination half-life (19."	( Pharmacokinetics and QT interval pharmacodynamics of oral haloperidol in poor and extensive metabolizers of CYP2D6. Arefayene, M; Desai, M; Desta, Z; Flockhart, DA; Gorski, JC; Li, L; Liu, Y; Tanus-Santos, JE, 2003)	0.56
" A comparison is also presented between several methods based on animal pharmacokinetic data, using the same set of proprietary compounds, and it lends further support for the use of this method, as opposed to methods that require the gathering of pharmacokinetic data in laboratory animals."	( Prediction of human volume of distribution values for neutral and basic drugs. 2. Extended data set and leave-class-out statistics. Gao, F; Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Shalaeva, MY, 2004)	0.32
" By allometric scaling of in vivo animal data, clearance of PNU-96391 in humans was over-predicted by 4-fold, half-life was under-predicted by 3-fold, and volume of distribution was accurately predicted."	( Comparison of prediction methods for in vivo clearance of (S,S)-3-[3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-propylpiperidine hydrochloride, a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, in humans. Black, ML; Duncan, JN; Toth, LN; Yamazaki, S, 2004)	0.32
", reference drug), and also to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of haloperidol in Korean volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of haloperidol tablet by liquid chromatographic mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. Kwon, JT; Kwon, KI; Yun, MH, 2005)	0.83
" Recent studies with a 103-compound dataset suggested that scaling from monkey pharmacokinetic data tended to be the most accurate method for predicting human clearance."	( Extrapolation of preclinical pharmacokinetics and molecular feature analysis of "discovery-like" molecules to predict human pharmacokinetics. Evans, CA; Jolivette, LJ; Nagilla, R; Ward, KW, 2006)	0.33
" The pharmacokinetics of haloperidol and its pharmacodynamic effects measured for QTc prolongation and neurologic side effects were evaluated after a single dose of 5 mg haloperidol following a pretreatment of placebo or itraconazole at 200 mg/d for 10 days in a randomized crossover manner."	( Combined effects of itraconazole and CYP2D6*10 genetic polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of haloperidol in healthy subjects. Cha, IJ; Jung, HJ; Kim, KA; Park, JY; Shim, JC; Shin, JG; Shon, JH; Yoon, YR, 2006)	0.85
"We have presented pharmacokinetic parameters of bromperidol (BP) in 14 healthy Korean subjects."	( Pharmacokinetic parameters of bromperidol in Korean subjects. Kim, HG; Kim, JW; Kim, YG; Lee, SY, 2006)	0.33
"3 mg/kg haloperidol, however, exhibited similar pharmacodynamic effects in both genotypes."	( Pharmacodynamic consequences of P-glycoprotein-dependent pharmacokinetics of risperidone and haloperidol in mice. Henken, S; Hiemke, C; Kirschbaum, KM; Schmitt, U, 2008)	1
" The results showed that [(3)H]PB28 and the corresponding unlabelled PB28 had superimposed pharmacodynamic properties."	( Tritium radiolabelling of PB28, a potent sigma-2 receptor ligand: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characterization. Abate, C; Berardi, F; Colabufo, NA; Contino, M; Ferorelli, S; Inglese, C; Perrone, R, 2008)	0.35
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."	( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)	0.35
" Noncompartmental analysis was used to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Comparison of intranasal administration of haloperidol with intravenous and intramuscular administration: a pilot pharmacokinetic study. Archer, SM; Ashford, JW; Miller, JL; Rudy, AC; Wermeling, DP, 2008)	0.61
"A simple and rapid RP-HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of the dopamine antagonists haloperidol, its diazepane analog, and the dopamine agonist bromocriptine in rat plasma, to perform pharmacokinetic drug-interaction studies."	( Simultaneous RP-HPLC-DAD quantification of bromocriptine, haloperidol and its diazepane structural analog in rat plasma with droperidol as internal standard for application to drug-interaction pharmacokinetics. Ablordeppey, SY; Billups, J; Jackson, TL; Jones, C; Spencer, SD, 2010)	0.81
" Pharmacokinetic parameters in brain and plasma were determined for SYA013."	( Evaluation of the behavioral and pharmacokinetic profile of SYA013, a homopiperazine analog of haloperidol in rats. Ablordeppey, SY; Boateng, B; Bricker, B; Jackson, T; Zhu, XY, 2012)	0.6
" blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature) can be reduced, possibly due to a pharmacodynamic interaction at the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT)."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): interindividual differences due to polymorphisms and drug-drug interactions. Hondebrink, L; Meulenbelt, J; Rietjens, SJ; Westerink, RH, 2012)	0.38
" Here we tested the pharmacodynamic consequences of these properties in a P-gp deficient mouse model by studying the effects of aripiprazole and of ziprasidone on motor coordination."	( Pharmacodynamic effects of aripiprazole and ziprasidone with respect to p-glycoprotein substrate properties. Frisch, J; Hiemke, C; Holthoewer, D; Kirschbaum, KM; Schmitt, U, 2013)	0.39
"Evidence was given that P-gp substrate properties have pharmacodynamic consequences for aripiprazole but not for ziprasidone and thus affect dopamine receptor related motor behaviour."	( Pharmacodynamic effects of aripiprazole and ziprasidone with respect to p-glycoprotein substrate properties. Frisch, J; Hiemke, C; Holthoewer, D; Kirschbaum, KM; Schmitt, U, 2013)	0.39
"Volume of distribution is one of the most important pharmacokinetic properties of a drug candidate."	( Volume of Distribution in Drug Design. Beaumont, K; Di, L; Maurer, TS; Smith, DA, 2015)	0.42
" With the aid of the efficient and reliable simultaneous LC-ESI-MS/MS assay this pharmacokinetic study provided insights into their therapeutic targets of these three iridoid glycosides as well as valuable experimental basis for an expansion of their clinical indications."	( A pre-clinical pharmacokinetic study in rats of three naturally occurring iridoid glycosides, Picroside-I, II and III, using a validated simultaneous HPLC-MS/MS assay. Liu, L; Liu, M; Ma, B; Qi, H; Wang, Y; Wu, Z; Xue, B; Yao, D; Ying, H; Zhang, Q; Zhu, J, 2015)	0.42
"This review gives an overview of how the pharmacokinetics in terminally ill patients may differ from the average population and discusses the effect of terminal illness on each of the four pharmacokinetic processes absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination."	( Pharmacokinetic considerations and recommendations in palliative care, with focus on morphine, midazolam and haloperidol. Baar, FP; de Winter, BC; Franken, LG; Koch, BC; Mathôt, RA; Tibboel, D; van Esch, HJ; van Gelder, T; van Zuylen, L, 2016)	0.65
" We therefore designed a population pharmacokinetic study to gain more insight into the pharmacokinetics of haloperidol in terminally ill patients and to find clinically relevant covariates that may be used in developing an individualised dosing regimen."	( Population pharmacokinetics of haloperidol in terminally ill adult patients. Baar, FPM; de Winter, BCM; Franken, LG; Koch, BCP; Masman, AD; Mathot, RAA; Tibboel, D; van Gelder, T, 2017)	0.95
"2), a population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted with 87 samples from 28 terminally ill patients who received haloperidol either orally or subcutaneously."	( Population pharmacokinetics of haloperidol in terminally ill adult patients. Baar, FPM; de Winter, BCM; Franken, LG; Koch, BCP; Masman, AD; Mathot, RAA; Tibboel, D; van Gelder, T, 2017)	0.95
" This resulted in an average terminal half-life of haloperidol of around 30 h."	( Population pharmacokinetics of haloperidol in terminally ill adult patients. Baar, FPM; de Winter, BCM; Franken, LG; Koch, BCP; Masman, AD; Mathot, RAA; Tibboel, D; van Gelder, T, 2017)	0.99
" Studies reporting the pharmacokinetic parameters of CYP1A2-metabolized antipsychotic drugs in individuals who were genotyped for CYP1A2 genetic polymorphisms were retrieved."	( Impact of CYP1A2 genetic polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics of antipsychotic drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hanprasertpong, N; Koonrungsesomboon, N; Na Takuathung, M; Teekachunhatean, S, 2019)	0.51
" With this review, we aim to provide an overview of the pharmacodynamic interactions between ketamine and mood stabilizers, benzodiazepines, monoamine oxidase-inhibitors, antipsychotics, and psychostimulants."	( Pharmacodynamic Interactions Between Ketamine and Psychiatric Medications Used in the Treatment of Depression: A Systematic Review. Bakker, IM; Kamphuis, J; Schoevers, RA; Smith-Apeldoorn, SY; Touw, DJ; Veraart, JKE; Visser, BAE, 2021)	0.62
" More studies are needed to provide insight into pharmacodynamic interactions with ketamine."	( Pharmacodynamic Interactions Between Ketamine and Psychiatric Medications Used in the Treatment of Depression: A Systematic Review. Bakker, IM; Kamphuis, J; Schoevers, RA; Smith-Apeldoorn, SY; Touw, DJ; Veraart, JKE; Visser, BAE, 2021)	0.62

Compound-Compound Interactions

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect on antioxidant potential of some commonly used drugs. Volunteers who were given haloperidol combined with sleep deprivation exhibited an elevation of the duration and density of the STW. The aim of the research is to estimate the influence of lithium on the parameters of oxidative stress and viability of SH-SY5Y cell lines.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
") alone or in combination with haloperidol (0."	( Effects produced by acute and chronic treatment with granisetron alone or in combination with haloperidol on midbrain dopamine neurons. Ashby, CR; Minabe, Y; Wang, RY, 1992)	0.79
"Effects of cocaine, alone and in combination with the dopaminergic antagonists, SCH 23390 and haloperidol were studied in squirrel monkeys trained to respond under fixed-interval schedules of electric-shock presentation."	( Behavioral effects of cocaine alone and in combination with selective dopamine antagonists in the squirrel monkey. Katz, JL; Witkin, JM, 1991)	0.5
"To assess the roles of substance P in neurologic or psychiatric illnesses, effects of acute or chronic (40- or 80-day dietary) treatment with trihexyphenidyl and carbamazepine alone or in combination with haloperidol on substance P content were investigated in the rat brain."	( Effects of chronic treatment with trihexyphenidyl and carbamazepine alone or in combination with haloperidol on substance P content in rat brain: a possible implication of substance P in affective disorders. Mataga, N; Mitsushio, H; Takashima, M; Toru, M, 1988)	0.68
" Serum triiodothyronine (T3) and T4 by radioimmunoassay showed that PTU alone and in combination with Li lowered serum T4, while a high level of T4 by its supplement was suppressed by co-administration of Li."	( Effect of lithium carbonate administration singly or in combination with some psychotropic drugs on the radioiodide uptake by mouse thyroid. Akamatsu, S; Kamata, N; Kawada, J; Kurata, M; Kuwae, T; Minakuchi, K; Nishida, M; Takasugi, M; Teraoka, K, 1989)	0.28
"Lithium (250 mg/kg IP) administered in combination with haloperidol (2-5 mg/kg IP) or thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (10 or 20 mg/kg, IP) evoked jumping in mice."	( Lithium in combination with haloperidol or thyrotropin-releasing hormone induces jumping in mice. Furukawa, T; Ushijima, I; Yamada, K, 1982)	0.8
" This suggests that scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis is useful for detecting carbon particles in the cytoplasm at an ultrastructural level in semi-thin epoxy sections subsequent to ion etching and that this method may be applicable to other cell markers, such as gold particles to track cells in the field of cell development and cell differentiation."	( A new method for detecting and localizing cell markers endocytosed by fibroblasts in epoxy resin semi-thin sections using scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis after ion-etching. Aoyagi, S; Fujiwara, T; Isshiki, N; Kon, K; Shimizu, D; Tsunokuni, H, 2000)	0.31
" The volunteers who were given haloperidol combined with sleep deprivation exhibited an elevation of the duration and density of the STW, without significant alterations of the other REM sleep phasic phenomena such as rapid eye movement."	( Sawtooth waves during REM sleep after administration of haloperidol combined with total sleep deprivation in healthy young subjects. Peres, CA; Pinto, LR; Remesar-Lopez, AJ; Russo, RH; Tufik, S, 2002)	0.85
"1 mg/kg) in combination with fluvoxamine also caused a selective increase in extracellular DA levels in the cortex."	( Sulpiride in combination with fluvoxamine increases in vivo dopamine release selectively in rat prefrontal cortex. Ago, Y; Baba, A; Matsuda, T; Nakamura, S, 2005)	0.33
" As ciproxifan and thioperamide are inhibitors of cytochrome P450 enzymes, responsible for metabolizing risperidone and haloperidol, the possibility that the augmentation of antipsychotics by imidazoles resulted from drug-drug interactions was tested."	( Lack of cataleptogenic potentiation with non-imidazole H3 receptor antagonists reveals potential drug-drug interactions between imidazole-based H3 receptor antagonists and antipsychotic drugs. Ballard, ME; Cowart, M; Decker, MW; Esbenshade, TA; Faghih, R; Fox, GB; Hancock, AA; Pan, L; Roberts, S; Rueter, LE; Zhang, M, 2005)	0.54
"To compare oral risperidone and intramuscular (IM) haloperidol, both in combination with IM lorazepam, in the management of acute agitation and psychosis in the medical emergency department."	( Risperidone versus haloperidol, in combination with lorazepam, in the treatment of acute agitation and psychosis: a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Currier, GW; McMullan, JT; Veser, BD; Veser, FH; Zealberg, J, 2006)	0.91
" In this study, we sought to further examine this mechanism using a novel drug-drug conditioning procedure."	( An investigation of the behavioral mechanisms of antipsychotic action using a drug-drug conditioning paradigm. He, W; Li, M; Mead, A, 2009)	0.35
"To compare the short- and long-term sealing ability of root canal fillings consisting of AH-26 and laterally compacted gutta-percha in combination with a self-etching dentin bonding system and the Epiphany-Resilon system."	( Long-term evaluation of the sealing ability of two root canal sealers in combination with self-etching bonding agents. Economides, N; Gogos, C; Helvatjoglu-Antoniades, M; Kokorikos, I; Kolokouris, I, 2009)	0.35
"The Epiphany-Resilon system and the group obturated with AH-26 sealer and gutta-percha, in combination with the self-etching bonding system after removal of the smear layer with EDTA, demonstrated similar sealing ability."	( Long-term evaluation of the sealing ability of two root canal sealers in combination with self-etching bonding agents. Economides, N; Gogos, C; Helvatjoglu-Antoniades, M; Kokorikos, I; Kolokouris, I, 2009)	0.35
"The aim of this work was to investigate the effect on antioxidant potential of some commonly used drugs (morphine, tramadol, bromocriptine, haloperidol and azithromycin) on immobilization stress (IS) combined with cold restraint stress (CRS) in the rat."	( Antioxidant effects of some drugs on immobilization stress combined with cold restraint stress. Janicijevic-Hudomal, S; Kaurinovic, B; Popovic, M; Rasic, J; Trivic, S; Vojnović, M, 2009)	0.55
" This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of zotepine compared to haloperidol in combination with a mood stabilizer (lithium or valproate) for treatment of acute mania."	( A single-blind, comparative study of zotepine versus haloperidol in combination with a mood stabilizer for patients with moderate-to-severe mania. Chan, HY; Chang, CJ; Chen, CH; Chen, JJ; Chiu, NY; Jou, SH; Juang, YY, 2010)	0.83
"In combination with a mood stabilizer, zotepine appears to be as effective as haloperidol in treating moderate-to-severe mania in the acute phase, but has the advantages of lowering hyperuricemia and fewer extrapyramidal side-effects."	( A single-blind, comparative study of zotepine versus haloperidol in combination with a mood stabilizer for patients with moderate-to-severe mania. Chan, HY; Chang, CJ; Chen, CH; Chen, JJ; Chiu, NY; Jou, SH; Juang, YY, 2010)	0.84
" VU0364770 showed efficacy alone or when administered in combination with L-DOPA or an adenosine 2A (A2A) receptor antagonist currently in clinical development (preladenant)."	( The metabotropic glutamate receptor 4-positive allosteric modulator VU0364770 produces efficacy alone and in combination with L-DOPA or an adenosine 2A antagonist in preclinical rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Amalric, M; Blobaum, AL; Bode, J; Bridges, TM; Bubser, M; Conn, PJ; Daniels, JS; Dickerson, JW; Engers, DW; Hopkins, CR; Italiano, K; Jadhav, S; Jones, CK; Lindsley, CW; Morrison, RD; Niswender, CM; Thompson, AD; Turle-Lorenzo, N, 2012)	0.38
" This practice of polypharmacy increases the possibility for drug-drug interactions."	( Drug-drug conditioning between citalopram and haloperidol or olanzapine in a conditioned avoidance response model: implications for polypharmacy in schizophrenia. Li, M; Sparkman, NL, 2012)	0.64
"To determine the most common drug-drug interaction (DDI) pairs contributing to QTc prolongation in cardiac intensive care units (ICUs)."	( Drug-drug interactions contributing to QT prolongation in cardiac intensive care units. Armahizer, MJ; Kane-Gill, SL; Seybert, AL; Smithburger, PL, 2013)	0.39
"We examined whether MK-801 in combination with CA receptor ligands, which inhibit CAergic neuronal activities, could induce anesthesia including LORR."	( Selective blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate channels in combination with dopamine receptor antagonism induces loss of the righting reflex in mice, but not immobility. Irifune, M; Kanematsu, T; Kikuchi, N; Morioka, N; Morita, K; Nakata, Y; Sakai, N; Shimizu, Y; Yoshida, K, 2015)	0.42
" In contrast, MK-801 in combination with a small dose of the dopamine (DA) receptor antagonist haloperidol (0."	( Selective blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate channels in combination with dopamine receptor antagonism induces loss of the righting reflex in mice, but not immobility. Irifune, M; Kanematsu, T; Kikuchi, N; Morioka, N; Morita, K; Nakata, Y; Sakai, N; Shimizu, Y; Yoshida, K, 2015)	0.64
" This study sought to identify which dose of haloperidol 1mg or 2mg could be combined with dexamethasone without adverse effects in high-risk patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery."	( Haloperidol dose combined with dexamethasone for PONV prophylaxis in high-risk patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, dose-response and placebo-controlled study. Baek, J; Joo, J; Moon, YE; Park, YG, 2015)	2.12
" The aim of this research is to estimate the influence of lithium (alone and in combination with haloperidol) on the parameters of oxidative stress and viability of SH-SY5Y cell lines in neutral and pro-oxidative conditions."	( Impact of lithium alone or in combination with haloperidol on oxidative stress parameters and cell viability in SH-SY5Y cell culture. Gawlik-Kotelnicka, O; Lazarek, J; Mielicki, W; Rabe-Jabłońska, J; Strzelecki, D, 2016)	0.91
"1) To provide a comparison of the frequency with which FGAs are administered with adjunctive benzodiazepines or anticholinergic medications."	( First-generation Antipsychotics Are Often Prescribed in the Emergency Department but Are Often Not Administered with Adjunctive Medications. Campillo, A; Castillo, E; Hopper, A; Ryan, V; Vilke, GM; Wilson, MP, 2015)	0.42
"The aim of study was to investigate the effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) combined with d-serine on the modulation of glycine sites in the brain of rats using social recognition test."	( Modulation of glycine sites enhances social memory in rats using PQQ combined with d-serine. Liu, D; Mao, S; Peng, Y; Qin, X; Zhang, R; Zhou, X, 2016)	0.43
"The aim of this study was to observe potential drug-drug interactions in the medication of Mexican schizophrenic patients."	( Potential drug-drug interaction in Mexican patients with schizophrenia. de la O de la O, ME; Genis, A; González-Castro, TB; Juárez-Rojop, IE; Lilia López-Narváez, M; Nicolini, H; Ocaña-Zurita, MC; Tovilla-Zárate, CA, 2016)	0.43
"html ) was used in this study to analyse potential drug-drug interactions."	( Potential drug-drug interaction in Mexican patients with schizophrenia. de la O de la O, ME; Genis, A; González-Castro, TB; Juárez-Rojop, IE; Lilia López-Narváez, M; Nicolini, H; Ocaña-Zurita, MC; Tovilla-Zárate, CA, 2016)	0.43
"In total, 86 of 126 patients were at risk of potential drug-drug interactions."	( Potential drug-drug interaction in Mexican patients with schizophrenia. de la O de la O, ME; Genis, A; González-Castro, TB; Juárez-Rojop, IE; Lilia López-Narváez, M; Nicolini, H; Ocaña-Zurita, MC; Tovilla-Zárate, CA, 2016)	0.43
" The potential drug-drug interactions observed in the Mexican population are consistent with the concomitant use of antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, and antidepressants prescribed in schizophrenia that could cause central nervous system (CNS) depression and anticholinergic effect."	( Potential drug-drug interaction in Mexican patients with schizophrenia. de la O de la O, ME; Genis, A; González-Castro, TB; Juárez-Rojop, IE; Lilia López-Narváez, M; Nicolini, H; Ocaña-Zurita, MC; Tovilla-Zárate, CA, 2016)	0.43
" For these people, a number of treatment strategies have emerged, including the prescription of a second anti-psychotic drug in combination with clozapine."	( Clozapine combined with different antipsychotic drugs for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Barber, S; Cipriani, A; Corsi, M; Olotu, U, 2017)	0.46
" The present study used a conditioned avoidance response (CAR) test (a behavioral test of antipsychotic effect) and examined the specific drug-drug interactions between nicotine and haloperidol or clozapine."	( A drug-drug conditioning paradigm reveals multiple antipsychotic-nicotine interactions. Feng, M; Li, M; Sparkman, NL; Sui, N, 2017)	0.65
"Clinical studies that focused on treating schizophrenia showed that Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS), a substitute of Calculus Bovis, when used in combination with haloperidol could significantly lower the dosage of haloperidol compared with treatment with haloperidol alone, whereas efficacy was maintained."	( Investigation of the synergistic effects of haloperidol combined with Calculus Bovis Sativus in treating MK-801-induced schizophrenia in rats. He, GF; He, GZ; Lei, K; Li, J; Li, XP; Liu, D; Liu, YN; Ren, XH; Zhang, CL, 2018)	0.94
"To evaluate the clinical curative effect of warm gutta-percha filling technique combined with different sealers in root canal filling."	( [Curative effect of warm gutta-percha filling technique combined with different sealers in root canal filling]. Luo, YJ; Shu, Y, 2018)	0.48
"The root canal sealing effects of warm gutta-percha filling technique combined with iRoot SP or AH plus or Vitapex are good."	( [Curative effect of warm gutta-percha filling technique combined with different sealers in root canal filling]. Luo, YJ; Shu, Y, 2018)	0.48
"This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of FiberSite and glass fiber postsystems on the fracture resistance of endodontically restored teeth, when combined with various root canal sealers."	( Comparison of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored with FiberSite Postsystem and Glass Fiber, Combined with Different Root Canal Sealers. Eren, B; Gulsahi, K; Kandemir, B; Ozasir, T, 2021)	0.62
"Pharmacokinetic (PK) drug-drug interactions (DDIs) of oral haloperidol, a first-generation antipsychotic, are systematically reviewed."	( Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with oral haloperidol in adults: dose correction factors from a combined weighted analysis. de Leon, J; Hiemke, C; McGrane, I; Spina, E, 2022)	1.23
" MATERIAL AND METHODS For this in vitro study, we tested 92 extracted human teeth, which were divided into 3 groups after a preparation technique and obturation with Endomethasone N sealer, glass ionomer cement, and EndoRez sealer in combination with Thermafil obturator."	( Evaluation of Apical Leakage After Root Canal Obturation with Glass Ionomer, Resin, and Zinc Oxide Eugenol Sealers Combined with Thermafil. Ajeti, N; Kuçi, A; Meqa, K; Stavileci, M; Vula, V, 2022)	0.72
"To determine the clinical efficacy of ultrasonic irrigation combined with epoxy resin-based sealer in single visit root canal treatment of chronic pulpitis."	( Effect of Ultrasonic Irrigation Combined with Epoxy Resin Paste in Single Visit Root Canal Treatment in Chronic Pulpitis. Wang, J; Wang, N; Zhang, CF; Zhu, XY, 2023)	0.91
"Ultrasonic irrigation combined with epoxy resin-based paste yields better results for chronic pulpitis treatment, reducing postoperative pain, mitigating inflammation levels, and enhancing quality of life."	( Effect of Ultrasonic Irrigation Combined with Epoxy Resin Paste in Single Visit Root Canal Treatment in Chronic Pulpitis. Wang, J; Wang, N; Zhang, CF; Zhu, XY, 2023)	0.91

Bioavailability

Large doses of haloperidol can safely be given intravenously and intramuscularly. The bioavailability of this agent administered orally ranges from 60 to 65%. Elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) and bioavailability (F) were calculated for both groups.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Data in adult patients illustrate on the one hand possible causes of variability in plasma levels of haloperidol and, on the other hand, the fact that poor bioavailability is not the cause of lack of response in 'resistant' schizophrenic patients."	( Clinical significance of monitoring plasma levels of psychotropic drugs. Morselli, PL; Zarifian, E, 1979)	0.48
" A relatively small change in absorption rate occurred when the splanchnic blood flow rate was decreased about 35%."	( Drug absorption VII: influence of mesenteric blood flow on intestinal drug absorption in dogs. Crouthamel, WG; Diamond, L; Dittert, LW; Doluisio, JT, 1975)	0.25
" After oral dosing, bioavailability of haloperidol was 35 +/- 8%, suggesting extensive first pass metabolism."	( Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in Chinese schizophrenic patients after intravenous and oral administration of haloperidol. Chang, WH; Chen, H; Jann, MW; Lam, YW, 1992)	0.88
" bioavailability and a relatively long duration of action."	( Pharmacology of risperidone (R 64 766), a new antipsychotic with serotonin-S2 and dopamine-D2 antagonistic properties. Awouters, F; Janssen, PA; Meert, TF; Megens, AA; Niemegeers, CJ; Schellekens, KH, 1988)	0.27
" Large doses of haloperidol can safely be given intravenously and intramuscularly for rapid neuroleptisation; the bioavailability of this agent administered orally ranges from 60 to 65%."	( Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol. Davis, CM; Froemming, JS; Jann, MW; Lam, YW, 1989)	0.95
"The bioavailability of a new tablet formulation (5 mg) of haloperidol was estimated relative to two lots of a reference product."	( Comparative bioavailability of a new commercial tablet formulation and two lots of a reference formulation of haloperidol. Chakraborty, BS; Hawes, EM; Hubbard, JW; McKay, G; Midha, KK; Schwede, R, 1989)	0.73
" The absorption rate constant is slower than the elimination rate constant and therefore, the depot antipsychotics exhibit 'flip-flop' kinetics where the time to steady-state is a function of the absorption rate, and the concentration at steady-state is a function of the elimination rate."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of the depot antipsychotics. Ereshefsky, L; Jann, MW; Saklad, SR, )	0.13
" This variation for fluphenazine may be explained by the fact that its pKa value is closer to that of piracetam, thus preventing better bioavailability of the neuroleptic, or its better affinity for DA-1 dopaminergic receptors."	( Piracetam interactions with neuroleptics in psychopharmacological tests. Bourin, M; Larousse, C; Poisson, L, 1986)	0.27
" Optimal dose has been determined from the bioavailability of the oral formulation and the interval between two injections, it averages 15, 20 times the oral daily dose for haloperidol decanoate."	( [Clinical pharmacokinetics of haloperidol decanoate. Comparison with other prolonged-action neuroleptics]. Levron, JC; Ropert, R, )	0.61
" Lorazepam is an excellent first choice because of its intermediate half-life, absence of active metabolites, and high bioavailability that can be achieved with a number of routes of administration."	( Emerging treatment options in the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Rosenbloom, A, 1988)	0.27
" Consequently, for a drug mainly eliminated by hepatic metabolism like haloperidol, the total blood clearance and the extent of oral bioavailability can be affected by changes in hepatic blood flow, hepatic enzyme activities and drug binding."	( Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol in psychotic patients. Bondesson, U; Cheng, YF; Ekblom, B; Eriksson, K; Eriksson, SO; Lindberg, A; Lindström, L; Paalzow, LK, 1987)	0.83
" Elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) and bioavailability (F) were calculated for both groups from haloperidol serum concentrations determined by gas-liquid chromatography."	( Elimination half-life and bioavailability of haloperidol in schizophrenic patients. Hollister, LE; Magliozzi, JR, 1985)	0.75
" These preclinical data support its use as an antipsychotic agent and show that it is well absorbed following oral administration with an apparent elimination half-life of approximately 24 h, supporting a once-daily dose regimen."	( Bromperidol, a new butyrophenone neuroleptic: a review. Dubinsky, B; Janssen, PA; McGuire, JL; McKenzie, BE; Niemegeers, CJ; Weintraub, HS, 1982)	0.26
" In chronic unresponsive schizophrenic patients, poor drug bioavailability is not the major factor for the lack of response, and the possibility that these patients constitute a nosological subgroup is suggested."	( Haloperidol plasma level monitoring in neuropsychiatric patients. Bianchetti, G; Dugas, M; Morselli, PL, 1982)	1.71
" were in accordance with the bioavailability of haloperidol."	( Influence of route of administration on haloperidol plasma levels in psychotic patients. Bianchetti, G; Deniker, P; Morselli, PL; Poirier-Littre, MF; Zarifian, E, 1980)	0.78
" The newer antipsychotic agents clozapine and risperidone are also well absorbed and undergo extensive presystemic elimination."	( Brief comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the traditional and newer antipsychotic drugs. DeVane, CL, 1995)	0.29
" Plasma concentrations of the hormone were determined until 240 min post administration by ELISA, and the absolute bioavailability was estimated to be in the vicinity of 20%."	( Epithelial transport and bioavailability of intranasally administered human growth hormone formulated with the absorption enhancers didecanoyl-L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine and alpha-cyclodextrin in rabbits. Agerholm, C; Bastholm, L; Elling, F; Johansen, PB; Nielsen, MH, 1994)	0.29
" These results indicate a marked behavioral difference in the effects of haloperidol in drug-naive and chronically treated rats which is not related to an altered bioavailability of the drug and which is dissociated from both basal and haloperidol induced effects on dopamine and acetylcholine release in both brain regions."	( Acute versus chronic haloperidol: relationship between tolerance to catalepsy and striatal and accumbens dopamine, GABA and acetylcholine release. Beck, O; O'Connor, WT; Osborne, PG; Ungerstedt, U, 1994)	0.84
" To deal with pharmacokinetic aspects two main topics are discussed in this paper: (A) the interindividual differences in bioavailability and metabolism and (B) the plasma level-clinical response relationship."	( A multidimensional (pharmacokinetic and clinical-biological) approach to neuroleptic response in schizophrenia. With particular reference to drug resistance. Altamura, AC, 1993)	0.29
" Compound 36 is an antagonist of hD4 receptors with good oral bioavailability of 38%, a half life of 2 h, and brain levels 10-fold higher than plasma levels."	( 4-Heterocyclylpiperidines as selective high-affinity ligands at the human dopamine D4 receptor. Baker, R; Ball, R; Broughton, HB; Collins, I; Davey, WB; Emms, F; Freedman, SB; Leeson, PD; Marwood, R; Patel, S; Ragan, CI; Rowley, M, 1997)	0.3
"The quantitative structure-bioavailability relationship of 232 structurally diverse drugs was studied to evaluate the feasibility of constructing a predictive model for the human oral bioavailability of prospective new medicinal agents."	( QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability. Topliss, JG; Yoshida, F, 2000)	0.31
" Limited oral bioavailability of AC-90179 likely reflects rapid metabolism rather than poor absorption."	( Pharmacological characterization of AC-90179 [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(4-methyl-benzyl)-N-(1-methyl-piperidin-4-yl)-acetamide hydrochloride]: a selective serotonin 2A receptor inverse agonist. Andersson, CM; Bradley, SR; Brann, MR; Davis, RE; Hacksell, U; Harvey, SC; Kold, H; Makhay, M; Son, T; Spalding, TA; Tolf, BR; Vanover, KE; Veinbergs, I; Weiner, DM, 2004)	0.32
" The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of haloperidol tablets were examined on 24 healthy volunteers who received a single oral dose of each preparation in the fasting state in a randomized balanced 2 way crossover design."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of haloperidol tablet by liquid chromatographic mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. Kwon, JT; Kwon, KI; Yun, MH, 2005)	0.86
" However, limited peptide stability and oral bioavailability have prevented these compounds from being developed as relevant pharmaceuticals."	( Design, synthesis, and evaluation of the antipsychotic potential of orally bioavailable neurotensin (8-13) analogues containing non-natural arginine and lysine residues. Dix, TA; Hadden, MK; Kokko, KP; Mazella, J; Orwig, KS, 2005)	0.33
"The drug-transporting P-glycoprotein transports drugs against a concentration gradient across the blood-brain barrier back into the plasma and thereby reduces the bioavailability in the brain."	( Association between multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene polymorphisms and therapeutic response to bromperidol in schizophrenic patients: a preliminary study. Kaneda, A; Kaneko, S; Nakagami, T; Saito, M; Tateishi, T; Yasui-Furukori, N, 2006)	0.33
" New dopamine D4 receptor agonists, exemplified by (E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)propan-1-one O-methyloxime (59a) and (E)-1-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)propan-1-one O-methyloxime (64a), exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic profiles and showed oral bioavailability in rat and dog."	( 1-aryl-3-(4-pyridine-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)propan-1-one oximes as potent dopamine D4 receptor agonists for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Bhatia, P; Brioni, JD; Chang, R; Donnelly-Roberts, DL; El Kouhen, O; Hakeem, AA; Henry, R; Hollingsworth, PR; Hsieh, GC; Kolasa, T; Marsh, KC; Martino, B; Matulenko, MA; Miller, LN; Moreland, RB; Mortell, K; Nakane, M; Namovic, MT; Patel, MV; Stewart, AO; Terranova, MA; Uchic, ME; Wetter, JM, 2006)	0.33
"The goal of this study was to identify a structurally distinct D(4)-selective agonist with superior oral bioavailability to our first-generation clinical candidate 1a (ABT-724) for the potential treatment of erectile dysfunction."	( Discovery of 3-methyl-N-(1-oxy-3',4',5',6'-tetrahydro-2'H-[2,4'-bipyridine]-1'-ylmethyl)benzamide (ABT-670), an orally bioavailable dopamine D4 agonist for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Brioni, JD; Chang, R; Cowart, MD; Darbyshire, JF; Donnelly-Roberts, DL; El-Kouhen, OF; Gintant, G; Hakeem, AA; Hollingsworth, PR; Hsieh, GC; Kolasa, T; Marsh, KC; Martin, R; Martino, BR; Matulenko, MA; Miller, LN; Moreland, RB; Mortell, K; Nakane, M; Namovic, MT; Nelson, SL; Patel, MV; Rohde, JJ; Stewart, AO; Sullivan, JP; Terranova, MA; Uchic, ME; Wetter, JM, 2006)	0.33
" Human oral bioavailability is an important pharmacokinetic property, which is directly related to the amount of drug available in the systemic circulation to exert pharmacological and therapeutic effects."	( Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability. Andricopulo, AD; Moda, TL; Montanari, CA, 2007)	0.34
" In addition, this series of compounds has demonstrated good bioavailability and in vivo efficacy in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease, despite having reduced potency for the rat A2A receptor versus the human A2A receptor."	( Identification of novel, water-soluble, 2-amino-N-pyrimidin-4-yl acetamides as A2A receptor antagonists with in vivo efficacy. Castro-Palomino, JC; Chen, Y; Crespo, MI; Díaz, JL; Gross, RS; Gual, S; Joswig, T; Lanier, MC; Lechner, SM; Lin, E; Malany, S; Markison, S; Moorjani, M; O'Brien, Z; Prat, M; Rueter, JK; Santos, M; Saunders, J; Slee, DH; Wen, J; Williams, JP; Zhang, X, 2008)	0.35
" Mean (percent coefficient of variation) haloperidol bioavailability after intranasal administration was 63."	( Comparison of intranasal administration of haloperidol with intravenous and intramuscular administration: a pilot pharmacokinetic study. Archer, SM; Ashford, JW; Miller, JL; Rudy, AC; Wermeling, DP, 2008)	0.87
"Oral bioavailability (F) is a product of fraction absorbed (Fa), fraction escaping gut-wall elimination (Fg), and fraction escaping hepatic elimination (Fh)."	( Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination. Chang, G; El-Kattan, A; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Rotter, C; Steyn, SJ; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV, 2010)	0.36
" Therefore, dissolution rate rather than solubility may be the best predictor of bioavailability for such compounds."	( Solution-mediated phase transformation of salts during dissolution: investigation using haloperidol as a model drug. Bogner, R; Greco, K; Mcnamara, DP, 2011)	0.59
" Preliminary tests for oral bioavailability also revealed promising results for this new class of potential antipsychotic compounds."	( Molecular combination of the dopamine and serotonin scaffolds yield in novel antipsychotic drug candidates - characterization by in vivo experiments. Enzensperger, C; Fleck, C; Lehmann, J; Mueller, FK; Robaa, D; Schulze, M; Siol, O, 2012)	0.38
"We describe the discovery of potent and orally bioavailable tetrahydropyridopyrimidine inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 10A by systematic optimization of a novel HTS lead."	( Discovery of tetrahydropyridopyrimidine phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitors for the treatment of schizophrenia. Breslin, MJ; Coleman, PJ; Cox, CD; Fandozzi, C; Fuerst, J; Hill, N; Huszar, S; Kandebo, M; Kim, SH; Ma, B; McGaughey, G; Raheem, IT; Renger, JJ; Schreier, JD; Sharma, S; Smith, S; Uslaner, J; Yan, Y, 2012)	0.38
" This multifunctional drug candidate is orally bioavailable and exhibits good antipsychotic efficacy in vivo."	( Discovery of a tetracyclic quinoxaline derivative as a potent and orally active multifunctional drug candidate for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Beard, JD; Davis, RE; Hendrick, JP; Lee, T; Li, P; Mates, S; Peng, Y; Robichaud, AJ; Snyder, GL; Tomesch, J; Vanover, KE; Wennogle, LP; Yao, W; Zhang, Q; Zhu, H, 2014)	0.4
" Upon cytotoxicity test with a human cell line, the succinoglycan dimers displayed little effect up to 1000 μM, suggesting their potential usage to improve solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble therapeutic agents."	( Solubilization of haloperidol by acyclic succinoglycan oligosaccharides. Cho, E; Choi, JM; Choi, Y; Jung, S; Kim, H; Lee, IS, 2012)	0.71
", ip) indicate that the liver is the primary site of biotransformation of the compound, suggesting that both 22a and its metabolite(s) are active, compensating probably low bioavailability of the parent molecule."	( Design, physico-chemical properties and biological evaluation of some new N-[(phenoxy)alkyl]- and N-{2-[2-(phenoxy)ethoxy]ethyl}aminoalkanols as anticonvulsant agents. Bednarski, M; Gunia-Krzyżak, A; Marona, H; Nitek, W; Pękala, E; Powroźnik, B; Słoczyńska, K; Walczak, M; Waszkielewicz, AM; Żesławska, E, 2016)	0.43
"Cell membrane permeability is an important determinant for oral absorption and bioavailability of a drug molecule."	( Highly predictive and interpretable models for PAMPA permeability. Jadhav, A; Kerns, E; Nguyen, K; Shah, P; Sun, H; Xu, X; Yan, Z; Yu, KR, 2017)	0.46
" Losartan carboxylic acid (LCA), the potent AT1 blocker metabolite of losartan, suffers from poor bioavailability and brain access."	( Conjugation to Ascorbic Acid Enhances Brain Availability of Losartan Carboxylic Acid and Protects Against Parkinsonism in Rats. Prusty, S; Sahu, PK; Singh, VK; Subudhi, BB, 2018)	0.48
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" Additionally, an ∼85% correlation was obtained between PAMPA pH 5 permeability and in vivo oral bioavailability in mice and rats."	( Using in vitro ADME data for lead compound selection: An emphasis on PAMPA pH 5 permeability and oral bioavailability. Itkin, M; Kabir, M; Mathé, EA; Nguyễn, ÐT; Padilha, EC; Shah, P; Shinn, P; Siramshetty, V; Wang, AQ; Williams, J; Xu, X; Yu, KR; Zhao, T, 2022)	0.72

Dosage Studied

Daily dosing requirements were less in the elderly for intermittent intravenous lorazepam, haloperidol, and morphine but not for midazolam. 25 years of experience have indicated that haloperodol can be used safely and effectively to manage a variety of psychiatric illnesses. dosage and method of administration are adjusted to individual patients' needs.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Therefore, monitoring treatment by dosage adjustment alone is of little value."	( Plasma level monitoring of antipsychotic drugs. Cooper, TB, )	0.13
" Their plasma levels are not correlated with their dosage in a man to another, but, for some of them, there is lineary relation for one person."	( [Relations between the levels of neuroleptics and the doses, the therapeutic effects and the side effects]. Andersson, JC; Davy, JP; Halbecq, JJ; Morel, P; Moulin, M; Poilpre, E, 1978)	0.26
"The dose-response relationship for d-amphetamine (0."	( Actions and interactions of amphetamine on self-stimulation in rats. Aulakh, CS; Pradhan, SN, 1979)	0.26
"01) 6 hours after dosing by metoclopramide 40 mg, and haloperidol 5 mg and 10 mg, when compared to placebo."	( Metoclopramide and haloperidol in tardive dyskinesia. Bateman, DN; Dutta, DK; McClelland, HA; Rawlins, MD, 1979)	0.84
" A dosing strategy for the combbination of clomipramine and haloperidol is described."	( [The treatment of chronic pain symptoms with psychotropic drugs (author's transl)]. Kocher, R, 1976)	0.5
" SHPGE2, PGE2, and C did not cause catalepsy and did not show statistically significant dose-response antagonism of rotational behavior at less than toxic doses."	( Neuropharmacological and behavioral evaluation of prostaglandin E2 and 11-thiol-11-desoxy prostaglandin E2 in the mouse and rat. Bloss, JL; Singer, GH, 1978)	0.26
" A clearcut dosage schedule for in- and out-patients using imipramine (Tofranil) or chlorimipramine (Anafranil) and haloperidol (Haldol) is established."	( [The treatment of chronic pain with psychotropic drugs]. Kocher, R, 1978)	0.47
"The effect of various antipsychotic drugs on the blockade of dopaminergic receptors in striatum and limbic forebrain was examined by establishing dose-response curves for the increase in HVA and for the antagonism of d-amphetamine-induced rotation in rats with unilateral lesions of the substantia nigra."	( On the significance of the increase in homovanillic acid (HVA) caused by antipsychotic drugs in corpus striatum and limbic forebrain. Dingell, JV; Hill, H; Robinson, SE; Setler, P; Stawarz, RJ; Sulser, F, 1975)	0.25
" Side effects were common on a dosage of 3 mg haloperidol daily."	( Haloperiodl in the treatment of stuttering. Campbell, L; Kelly, P; Murray, TJ; Stefanik, K, 1977)	0.52
" This phenomenon may also contribute to explain the complex dose-response curves of apomorphine."	( Agonist--antagonist interaction on dopamine receptors in brain, as reflected in the rates of tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylation. Carlsson, A; Kehr, W; Lindqvist, M, 1977)	0.26
"In a double blind chlorpromazine-controlled trial, high dosage haloperidol (100 mg daily) given for three months, appreciably improved the mental state of male chronic 'drug resistant' schizophrenic inpatients in the rehabilitation/long-stay unit of one psychiatric hospital."	( High dosage haloperidol in chronic schizophrenia. MacDonald, IM; McCreadie, RG, 1977)	0.88
", as needed over a four-hour period (total dosage ranging from 4 to 32 mg."	( Relative efficacy of parenteral haloperidol and thiothixene for the emergency treatment of acutely excited and agitated patients. Stotsky, BA, 1977)	0.54
" The optimal dosage of bromperidol seemed to lie between 4 and 6 mg/day."	( Results of a clinical trial with bromperidol C-C 2489/21. Weiser, G, )	0.13
" Patients were treated up to 30 days and the dosage of bromperidol was increased depending on effects and side-effects up to 5 mg per day."	( Effects and side-effects of bromperidol in comparison with other antipsychotic drugs. Woggon, B, )	0.13
"The high dosage of bromperidol as used in this investigation was a safe and effective agent in the treatment of alcohol-induced delirium tremens."	( Interim report: high dosage bromperidol therapy of delirium tremens. Schmatolla, E, )	0.13
"Nine refractory chronic psychotics were switched to a lower dosage of, mostly, a long-acting diphenylbutylpiperidine after having been treated with high initial and maintenance doses of Haldol."	( A six-month follow-up of refractory chronic psychotics treated with Haldol-AID. Wouters, J, )	0.13
" The employed dosage caused no strong sedation."	( Double-blind comparison of bromperidol and perphenazine. Angst, J; Woggon, B, 1978)	0.26
" With exception of the pancreas, a dosage of dependent increase of the 3H-leucine incorporation was observed in the treated animals."	( [Influence of haloperidol on the 3H-leucine incorporation in incretory organs of the mouse (author's transl)]. Hackenberg, P; Lange, E, 1978)	0.62
" The initial doses varied widely, ranging from 1 to 30 mg, with a maximum total daily dosage of 100 mg."	( Overview: efficacy and safety of the rapid neuroleptization method with injectable haloperidol. Donlon, PT; Hopkin, J; Tupin, JP, 1979)	0.48
" In the 1-day dosage group the amount of anticholinergics were significantly reduced (2."	( [Extrapyamidal side-effects with 1-day dosage of haloperidol (author's transl)]. Matzner, G; Rüther, E; Uriarte, V, 1978)	0.51
" Dose-response functions were determined for d- and l-amphetamine, alpha-methyltyrosine, and haloperidol."	( Free-operant and auto-titration brain self-stimulation procedures in the rat: a comparison of drug effects. Holtzman, SG; Schaefer, GJ, 1979)	0.48
" In studying the dose-response relationship there appears to be a relationship between drug dose and polysome disaggregation in both groups of animals, although the effects were always greater in crowded mice."	( Effect of crowding on amphetamine-induced disaggregation of brain polyribosomes. Blackshear, MA; Proctor, CD; Wade, LH, 1979)	0.26
"A randomized cross-over trial was conducted in 30 restless mentally subnormal patients by increasing the dosage of haloperidol from 10 to 60 mg and of thioridazine from 100 to 600 mg daily."	( A controlled double-blind study of haloperidol versus thioridazine in the treatment of restless mentally subnormal patients. Serum levels and clinical effects. Räisänen, P; Rimón, R; Väisänen, K; Viukari, M, )	0.62
"A dose-response analysis was performed on D-amphetamine- and methylphenidate-induced changes in neuronal activity in the neostriatum of immobilized, phenidate-induced changes in neuronal activity in the neostriatum of immobilized, locally anesthetized rats."	( Dose-dependent biphasic alterations in the spontaneous activity of neurons in the rat neostriatum produced by d-amphetamine and methylphenidate. Rebec, GV; Segal, DS, 1978)	0.26
" Similarly, a shift to the left of the haloperidol dose-response curve for the increase in striatal dopamine metabolite levels was observed in rats treated subacutely with the ester as compared to control rats."	( Subsensitivity of striatal and mesolimbic dopamine target cells after repeated treatment with apomorphine dipivaloyl ester. Scatton, B; Worms, P, 1978)	0.53
"5 mg/kg, 24 h prior to the experiment) the dose-response curve was not significantly affected by haloperidol, a dopamine vascular receptor antagonist (10(-6)-3X10(-6) M)."	( Studies on the positive inotropic effect of dopamine in the guinea-pig heart. Ledda, F; Maccioni, T; Mantelli, L; Mugelli, A; Torrini, M, 1977)	0.47
" With increase of antidepressants dosage received by a subordinate rat its competing ability becomes enhanced too; this may cause a change in domination."	( [Effect of pharmacologic substances on the dominance-submission relationship in a pair of rats]. Kampov-Polevoi, AB, 1978)	0.26
" When a similar dosage regimen was employed with pregnant rats beginning on day 16 of gestation, levodopa plus carbidopa delayed the average delivery time 12 hr."	( Investigation of a dopaminergic mechanism for regulating oxytocin release. Lewis, PR; Miller, JW; Seybold, VS, 1978)	0.26
", circling behavior) in a spherical "rotometer" and dose-response relationships were generated using d-amphetamine, apomorphine, L-Dopa, haloperidol, and scopolamine."	( Drug-induced rotation in rats without lesions: behavioral and neurochemical indices of a normal asymmetry in nigro-striatal function. Glick, SD; Jerussi, TP, 1976)	0.46
" Dose-response analyses of the effects of d-amphetamine, an indirectly acting dopamine agonist, and apomorphine, a directly acting dopamine agonist, revealed a shift in the dose-response curves following chronic morphine treatment, indicating that the animals were supersensitive to these agents."	( Alterations in the effects of dopamine agonists and antagonists on general activity in rats following chronic morphine treatment. Overstreet, DH; Smee, ML, 1976)	0.26
" Desalivate rats showed a marked attenuation of feeding (and prandial drinking) at low doses, but when wet mash was given instead of pellets and water a normal dose-response relationship was obtained."	( Feeding and drinking interactions after acute butyrophenone administration. Engle, DJ; Rowland, N, 1977)	0.26
"The dose-response effects of apomorphine and ET-495 (piribedil), 2 specific dopamine (DA) receptor stimulators, and haloperidol, a DA receptor blocker, were tested on the secretion of prolactin (PRL), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in male rats."	( Differential effects of dopamine agonists and haloperidol on release of prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, growth hormone and luteinizing hormone in rats. Meites, J; Moore, KE; Mueller, GP; Simpkins, J, 1976)	0.72
" A dosage schedule for in- and outpatients has been established, using imipramine (Tofranil) or chlorimipramine (Anafranil), and haloperidol (Haldol)."	( The use of psychotropic drugs in the treatment of chronic, severe pains. Kocher, R, 1976)	0.46
" Fusaric acid produced a shift to the right and down in the dose-response curves to all tested agonists, and antagonized acetylcholine and serotonin most effectively among these agonists."	( Relaxation of isolated rabbit arteries by fusaric (5-butylpicolinic) acid. Asano, M; Hidaka, H, 1976)	0.26
" Both At and Sc in a wide range of dosage protect against the tonic phase of convulsions produced by electroshock."	( Central action of drugs acting on the cholinergic muscarinic receptor. III. Influence of atropine and scopolamine injected intraventricularly on behavior and levels of biogenic amines in the rat brain. Kleinrok, Z; Poddubiuk, Z; Zebrowska-Lupina, I, 1975)	0.25
" Dose-response curves and time-action curves were generated."	( Differential sensitivity of two dopaminergic structures in rat brain to haloperidol and to clozapine. Stanley, ME; Watson, E; Wilk, S, 1975)	0.49
"There are many reasons why once a day oral dosage may be advantageous in administration of psychotropic drugs to mental patients, such as convenience for the patient, avoided side effects, ease of remembering, all of which contribute to reliable dosage as well as cost savings."	( Clinical pharmacology and the prescription of psychotropic medication. Davis, JM, 1975)	0.25
"), the respondings were inhibited in proportion to the dosage except in DRL performance, in which only correct response rate decreased at 8 mg/kg."	( [Effects of penfluridol, a psychotropic agent, on operant behavior of rats]. Kuribara, H; Okuizumi, K; Shirota, M; Tadokoro, S, 1975)	0.25
" Intraventricular injection of phenylephrine produced a dose-dependent hypothermia, whereas no dose-response relationship was obtained by isoproterenol."	( [Role of brain biogenic amines in the central thermoregulatory mechanism of the rat (author's transl)]. Fukushima, N, 1975)	0.25
" Dose-response curves of apomorphine-stimulated motor activity and rearing behavior were shifted to the left when determined in mice during the period of withdrawal hyperactivity."	( Supersensitivity to dopaminergic agonists induced by haloperidol. Moore, KE; Thornburg, JE, 1975)	0.5
" Zuclopenthixol also has the advantage for both patients and nursing staff that dosage is once daily."	( Zuclopenthixol, melperone and haloperidol/levomepromazine in the elderly. Meta-analysis of two double-blind trials at 15 nursing homes in Norway. Elgen, K; Fuglum, E; Nygaard, HA, 1992)	0.57
" The patient was treated over a period of 48 days with a morphine dosage ranging from 10 to 60 mg/h, which kept her free of pain."	( [Continuous ambulatory intravenous morphine infusion for pain therapy in advanced ovarian cancer]. Günter, HH; Hilfrich, J; Kühnle, H; Schönborn, I; Sorge, J; Steffmann, B, 1992)	0.28
" Multiphasic dose-response relationships between the magnitudes, rates and apparent rate constants of release of DA and the concentration of the autoreceptor antagonist, haloperidol, were observed."	( Blockade of dopamine autoreceptors by haloperidol and the apparent dynamics of potassium-stimulated endogenous release of dopamine from and reuptake into striatal suspensions in the rat. McElvain, JS; Schenk, JO, 1992)	0.75
"The human scalp hair is a useful tissue that retains the past dosage history over a rather long period of time, acting like a "tape-recorder"."	( [Establishment of a method to analyze drugs in the hair and its application for determining patient compliance]. Uematsu, T, 1992)	0.28
" For corticosterone determinations, mice were dosed on GD 10, and blood was collected at 1, 4, 24, or 48 hr after dosing."	( The effect of teratogens on maternal corticosterone levels and cleft incidence in A/J mice. Hansen, DK; Holson, RR; Sheehan, DM; Sullivan-Jones, P, )	0.13
" In the previously reported case, factors capable of potentiating NMS included a high dosage of tetrabenazine exceeding the accepted therapeutic range, and co-medication with the dopamine-synthesis inhibitor alpha-methylparatyrosine, while in the present case abrupt introduction of the drug and discontinuation of concomitant neuroleptics may have contributed to this important adverse reaction."	( Neuroleptic malignant syndrome related to tetrabenazine introduction and haloperidol discontinuation in Huntington's disease. Giménez-Roldán, S; Mateo, D; Muñoz-Blanco, JL, 1992)	0.52
" HD dosage was highly correlated with both RBC H and plasma H, but RBC RH and plasma RH were not significantly related to dosage at any time point."	( Haloperidol decanoate pharmacokinetics in red blood cells and plasma. Dysken, MW; Holden, L; Johnson, SB; Kim, SW; Skare, S; Thomsyck, L; Vatassery, G, 1992)	1.73
" In the individually treated group the dosage was determined by a senior psychiatrist at the hospital who was not involved in collecting the data of the investigation; neither the nursing staff nor the physicians involved in thus study were informed of the dosages."	( [Disagreement in standardized haloperidol treatment in comparison with "adequate individual dosage" of acutely schizophrenic patients]. Klieser, E; Lehmann, E, 1992)	0.57
" Dosage was chosen and adjusted to the individual patient's condition and response."	( Zuclopenthixol and haloperidol in patients with acute psychotic states. A double-blind, multi-centre study. Eliander, H; Heikkilä, L; Pedersen, V; Turunen, M; Vartiainen, H, 1992)	0.61
" Dose-response curves were determined at the conclusion of the chronic phase."	( Sensitization to haloperidol-induced suppression of milk intake: effect of interdose interval. Moore, J; Wolgin, DL, 1992)	0.62
" The study indicates that haloperidol decanoate even in low dosage is effective maintenance therapy is preventing relapse."	( Duration of neuroleptic treatment and relapse rate: a 5-year follow-up study with haloperidol decanoate. Youssef, HA, 1991)	0.81
" In the presence of a constant dose of prazosin, the dose-response curve for induction of rotation by AMPH was shifted to the right."	( Differential modulation of (+)-amphetamine-induced rotation in unilateral substantia nigra-lesioned rats by alpha 1 as compared to alpha 2 agonists and antagonists. Colpaert, FC; Mavridis, M; Millan, MJ, 1991)	0.28
" The dose-response curve of haloperidol remained virtually unchanged, apparently because of the potent dopamine-D2 antagonism associated with these doses which may block the potentiating effect of apomorphine."	( Functional interaction between serotonin-S2 and dopamine-D2 neurotransmission as revealed by selective antagonism of hyper-reactivity to tryptamine and apomorphine. Awouters, F; Janssen, PA; Megens, AA; Niemegeers, CJ, 1990)	0.57
" Interpatient variation in plasma HAL levels at a given dosage was up to sixfold."	( Dose-dependent reduced haloperidol/haloperidol ratios in schizophrenic patients. Chang, WH; Chen, H; Chen, TY; Hwu, HG; Lane, HY; Lin, HN; Lin, SK; Lin, WL; Wei, HL, 1991)	0.59
"5 mg/kg/infusion), and shifted the dose-response curve for cocaine self-administration to the right."	( GR38032F, a serotonin 5-HT3 antagonist, fails to alter cocaine self-administration in rats. Peltier, R; Schenk, S, 1991)	0.28
" Both 23390 and raclopride, which were used at low dosage (0."	( Antagonism of EEGraphic and behavioural effects of methamphetamine by selective receptor blockers (SCH 23390 and raclopride) in the rabbit. Albergati, A; Bo, P; Dallocchio, C; Marchioni, E; Savoldi, F, 1991)	0.28
" The remaining 95 responding or nonresponding patients were then randomly assigned, double-blind, to a dosage of haloperidol two to 10 times higher (mean, 11."	( Optimal dose of neuroleptic in acute schizophrenia. A controlled study of the neuroleptic threshold and higher haloperidol dose. Hogarty, GE; McEvoy, JP; Steingard, S, 1991)	0.7
" Dose-response studies of the effect of baclofen on prolactin (PRL) secretion were performed in stressed male rats."	( Further evidence for the inhibitory action of baclofen on a prolactin-releasing factor. Libertun, C; Lux-Lantos, V; Rey, E; Somoza, G, 1991)	0.28
" The dose-response curves were found to be at least biphasic (small doses increased release and large doses inhibited release) and different in shape from dose-response curves for increases in the turnover of dopamine, suggesting that the two processes may not be related."	( Effects of acute and chronic systemic administration of some typical antipsychotic drugs on turnover of dopamine and potassium ion-induced release of dopamine in the striatum of the rat in vivo. Patterson, TA; Schenk, JO, 1991)	0.28
" A shift in the dose-response function of amphetamine that occurred during these weeks, however, precluded appropriate analysis of haloperidol's effects."	( Rebound cue state following a single dose of haloperidol. Barrett, RJ; Caul, WF; Jones, JR; Murphy, SM; Schmidt, TA, 1991)	0.75
" Dose-response curves for each drug were shifted to the left in the MPTP-treated mice, suggesting behavioral supersensitivity."	( Dopamine receptors and sensorimotor behavior in MPTP-treated mice. Bruno, JP; Hadjiconstantinou, M; Weihmuller, FB, 1990)	0.28
" Remoxipride, at both dosage ranges used, thus had comparable therapeutic efficacy to that of haloperidol."	( A double-blind multicentre comparison of remoxipride, at two dose levels, and haloperidol. Agussol, P; Alby, JM; Brion, S; Burnat, G; Castelnau, D; Deluermoz, S; Dufour, H; Ferreri, M; Goudemand, M; Patris, M, 1990)	0.73
" Because of the interaction between dopamine (DA) and neurotensin (NT) in the target areas of these systems, and in order to study if the different action of typical and atypical neuroleptic drugs could be related to a modification of the DA/NT balance, we investigated DA2 and NT receptor modifications--by means of quantitative receptor autoradiography--after chronic treatment with low dosage of haloperidol, chlorpromazine, thioridazine and clozapine."	( DA2/NT receptor balance in the mesostriatal and mesolimbocortical systems after chronic treatment with typical and atypical neuroleptic drugs. Amato, G; Calzà, L; Giardino, L; Piazza, PV; Zanni, M, 1990)	0.45
" In the first series of experiments, dose-response curves were constructed for the inhibition of A9 and A10 dopamine cell firing by intravenous administration of the potent dopamine agonist, R-(-)-N-n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA)."	( Irreversible receptor inactivation reveals differences in dopamine receptor reserve between A9 and A10 dopamine systems: an electrophysiological analysis. Cox, RF; Waszczak, BL, 1990)	0.28
" The distribution of both HP and RHP along the maternal hair paralleled the dosage of HP when hair growth was assumed to be 1 cm per month."	( The measurement of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in neonatal hair as an index of placental transfer of maternal haloperidol. Matsuno, H; Nakashima, M; Uematsu, T; Yamada, K, 1991)	0.61
") 20 min before cocaine resulted in a 4- to 8-fold parallel shift to the right in the cocaine dose-response function."	( Pharmacological characterization of the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine in rhesus monkeys. Anthony, EW; Kleven, MS; Woolverton, WL, 1990)	0.28
" These behaviors had a similar dose-response and time course and were blocked by the 5-HT2/5-HT1C antagonists mianserin, ritanserin, and methysergide."	( Evidence for involvement of 5-HT2 and 5-HT1C receptors in the behavioral effects of the 5-HT agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl aminopropane)-2 (DOI). Pranzatelli, MR, 1990)	0.28
" After increasing the dosage of prednisone, she recovered almost completely from this episode."	( [Cerebral disseminated lupus erythematosus; brain-racking for patient and physician]. de Glas-Vos, JW; Prins, JM, 1990)	0.28
" This property was reflected by a greater extent of inhibition of the binding of PCP-selective relative to sigma H-selective ligands at a given cation concentration, as well as by lower IC50's and by steeper slopes of the cation dose-response curves."	( Differential modulation by cations of sigma and phencyclidine binding sites in rat brain. Katki, AG; Rodbard, D; Schwarz, S; Zhou, GZ, 1990)	0.28
"The patients reported in our previous paper were followed further, by analyzing hair samples collected monthly for 4 or 5 months, while growing hair continues to reflect the individual dosage history of haloperidol."	( Human scalp hair as evidence of individual dosage history of haloperidol: longer-term follow-up study. Sato, R; Uematsu, T, 1990)	0.71
" Dose-response comparisons revealed that MK-801 was 3, 6, 19 and 119 times more potent at activating A10 neurons than PCP, (+)-SKF-10,047, ketamine and (+)-pentazocine, respectively."	( Non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists are potent activators of ventral tegmental A10 dopamine neurons. Ceci, A; French, ED, 1990)	0.28
"Twenty-five inpatients with acute exacerbations of schizophrenia (by Research Diagnostic Criteria) or schizoaffective disorder underwent a prospective haloperidol dosing procedure and were assigned fixed doses chosen to yield a distribution of haloperidol plasma levels above and below a hypothesized upper therapeutic limit of 18 ng/ml."	( Haloperidol plasma levels and acute clinical change in schizophrenia. Coryell, W; Kelly, M; Miller, DD; Perry, PJ, 1990)	1.92
" Twelve healthy male volunteers participated in four experimental occasions during each of which they were dosed with one of the following anti-psychotic drugs: chlorpromazine (50 mg), haloperidol (3 mg), sulpiride (400 mg) and placebo."	( A comparison of the central nervous system effects of haloperidol, chlorpromazine and sulpiride in normal volunteers. Cooper, SM; McClelland, GR; Pilgrim, AJ, 1990)	0.72
" Hair from other patients, in whom the dosage of HL had been changed within a few months prior to sampling, was sectioned into 1 cm-long portions successively from the roots and the concentrations of both compounds in each portion were measured."	( The measurement of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in hair as an index of dosage history. Matsuno, H; Nakashima, M; Uematsu, T, 1990)	0.61
" The extract was also able to produce a rightward displacement of the apomorphine dose-response curve for stereotyped behavior and decrease the maximum response possible."	( Effects of a Palicourea marcgravii leaf extract on some dopamine-related behaviors of rats. de Souza-Spinosa, H; Górniak, SL; Palermo-Neto, J, 1990)	0.28
" Thus, different dose-response curves were generated depending upon whether cathine or vehicle was administered the day before testing."	( Discriminative stimulus properties of (+)cathine, an alkaloid of the khat plant. Pehek, EA; Schechter, MD, 1990)	0.28
"We have evaluated the efficacy and safety of different dosing regimens of haloperidol decanoate (HLD)."	( Kinetics and clinical evaluation of haloperidol decanoate loading dose regimen. Davis, CM; Ereshefsky, L; Lyman, RC; Saklad, SR; Toney, G; Tran-Johnson, T, 1990)	0.78
" Prediction of steady-state concentrations on the basis of a mg/kg/day dosage (dose method), although equally precise, generated significantly less information concerning the variance between observed and predicted haloperidol plasma concentrations."	( Pharmacokinetic protocol for predicting plasma haloperidol concentrations. Arndt, SV; Coryell, WH; Kelly, MW; Miller, DD; Perry, PJ, 1990)	0.72
" We sought to determine whether daily versus weekly dosing of haloperidol for 3 weeks produced distinct effects on DA, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) concentrations in multiple brain areas."	( Sensitization versus tolerance to the dopamine turnover-elevating effects of haloperidol: the effect of regular/intermittent dosing. Barnes, DE; Bellows, EP; Csernansky, JG; Lombrozo, L, 1990)	0.75
" gamma E (beta-LPH-(61-77)), beta-endorphin-(1-17)), and DT gamma E (beta-LPH-(62-77), beta-endorphin-(2-17)) were without effect in the dosage used."	( The effect of gamma-type endorphins on alpha-MSH release in the rat. Andringa-Bakker, EA; de Rotte, AA; de Wied, D; van de Buuse, M; van Wimersma Greidanus, TB, 1985)	0.27
" The dose-response curves of SKF 38393 were shifted in parallel to the right by butaclamol (3 X 10(-6) and 6 X 10(-6) M) and haloperidol (3 X 10(-6) and 3 X 10(-5) M)."	( The relaxing effect of SKF 38393 on the catch contraction of Mytilus smooth muscle. Ishikawa, T; Murakami, H; Sano, M, 1986)	0.48
" These were haloperidol, clopenthixol, tefludazine, and setoperone, all tested in the dosage range of ."	( Serotonergic aspects of acute extrapyramidal syndromes in nonhuman primates. Casey, DE, 1989)	0.66
" Dose-response curves obtained with a holding potential of -140 mV were best fitted by 2:1 stoichiometry in all three drugs and were shifted in the direction of lower concentrations when a holding potential of -90 mV was used."	( Block of sodium channels by psychotropic drugs in single guinea-pig cardiac myocytes. Narahashi, T; Ogata, N, 1989)	0.28
" In slices from methamphetamine-treated rats, the dose-response curve for the dopamine hyperpolarization was shifted to the left of that seen in neurones from control rats by a factor of approximately 100."	( Enhancement of dopamine actions on rat nucleus accumbens neurones in vitro after methamphetamine pre-treatment. Higashi, H; Inanaga, K; Nishi, S; Uchimura, N, 1989)	0.28
" Subsequent dose-response studies with other serotonergic and dopaminergic antagonists suggested that dopaminergic receptors are involved in the adaptive response to the irritant."	( A role for dopamine as an endogenous protective factor in the rat stomach. MacNaughton, WK; Wallace, JL, 1989)	0.28
" However, by the 12th week of dosing with haloperidol all the monkeys showed a profound EPS characterized by limb extensions, head pushing, tongue protrusions and sometimes severe biting movements."	( Acute extrapyramidal syndrome in Cebus monkeys: development mediated by dopamine D2 but not D1 receptors. Chipkin, RE; Coffin, VL; Latranyi, MB, 1989)	0.54
"In the present experiments, the dose-response effects of the dopamine (DA) receptor antagonists haloperidol, pimozide, clozapine, sulpiride, and metoclopramide, were assessed on patterns of copulatory behavior in intact, sexually active male rats with a high level of sexual experience and performance."	( Differential effects of dopamine receptor antagonists on the sexual behavior of male rats. Pfaus, JG; Phillips, AG, 1989)	0.5
" The dosage equivalency of haloperidol decanoate (1."	( A randomized clinical trial of haloperidol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate in the outpatient treatment of schizophrenia. Annable, L; Campbell, W; Chouinard, G, 1989)	0.86
" As in experiment 1, CCK produced "biphasic" dose-response effects with strong attenuation that persisted throughout the entire 60-min test at both high (1 microgram) and low (1 ng) doses."	( CCK-8 injected into the nucleus accumbens attenuates the supersensitive locomotor response to apomorphine in 6-OHDA and chronic-neuroleptic treated rats. Ettenberg, A; Koob, GF; Weiss, F, 1989)	0.28
" Subsequent challenge with haloperidol indicated a significant decrease in responsiveness to haloperidol-induced release of DA, but not HVA, in chronically dosed rats."	( Repeated haloperidol administration changes basal release of striatal dopamine and subsequent response to haloperidol challenge. Hong, JS; Stachowiak, MK; Tilson, H; Zhang, W, 1989)	0.99
" The efficacy of the haloperidol dosage was tested on the amphetamine psychosis model."	( The effects of haloperidol on synaptic plasticity in rat's medial prefrontal cortex. Haselhorst, U; Istomin, VV; Klintzova, AJ; Schenk, H; Uranova, NA, 1989)	0.95
" A comparison of levels of dopamine binding activity present in serum samples taken immediately prior to dosing on various days during the course of the study suggested that steady-state was achieved within seven days with repeated administration."	( Radioreceptor assay of dopamine binding activity in human serum after tiospirone administration. Hyslop, DK; Shukla, UA; Taylor, DP; Westrick, ML, 1989)	0.28
" There was no significant difference in Li dosage among these three groups."	( Effect of lithium and neuroleptic combination on lithium transport, blood pressure, and weight in bipolar patients. Ghadirian, AM; Nair, NP; Schwartz, G, 1989)	0.28
" Acute and long-term haloperidol administration induced significant leftward displacement of the control dose-response curves for picrotoxin but not those for strychnine or 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA)."	( Behavioral aspects of GABAergic-dopaminergic interactions in the central nervous system. Palermo-Neto, J; Sandoval, MR, 1989)	0.6
" In these six cases it was demonstrated that the neuroleptics dosage was inappropriate, being either too high or too low as judged from the plasma concentrations."	( [Quantitative approach to treatment with incisive neuroleptics by therapeutic monitoring]. Balant-Gorgia, AE; Eisele, R; Garrone, G, 1985)	0.27
" It is suggested that additional studies, carefully designed, on dosage and plasma levels could help in achieving the lowest possible therapeutic dosage and thus in minimizing side effects."	( Blood levels of neuroleptics: state of the art. Simpson, GM; Yadalam, K, 1985)	0.27
" Such variations have been attributed to individual metabolism, pharmacologic differences, and age--all of which may need careful consideration in prescribing an appropriate dosage regimen for a given patient."	( Interpatient variations in antipsychotic therapy. Gershon, S; McIntyre, IM, 1985)	0.27
" The dose-response effect for the duration variable was different for the two lick conditions in that reflexive lick duration was lengthened as dose increased, whereas operant lick duration was lengthened only at the lower doses of these drugs."	( Effects of neuroleptics on rate and duration of operant versus reflexive licking in rats. Fowler, SC; Gramling, SE, 1985)	0.27
" A dosage reduction might be considered after 2 to 4 weeks' treatment in non-responders who have plasma chlorpromazine concentrations above 100 to 150 micrograms/L or plasma haloperidol concentrations above 20 to 30 micrograms/L."	( Plasma level monitoring of antipsychotic drugs. Clinical utility. Dahl, SG, )	0.32
" Therefore, it is critical to establish dosing strategies for long-term therapy that emphasize a minimal effective dose."	( Dosage strategies with long-acting injectable neuroleptics, including haloperidol decanoate. Kane, JM, 1986)	0.5
" The dosage calculation was made from the haloperidol doses previously received by the patients, adjusted in each particular case, with a mean of 73 mg per application (range, 50 to 200 mg)."	( [Chronic treatment of schizophrenia with injectable bromperidol decanoate]. Suárez Richards, M, 1985)	0.53
" This led to the hope that measuring neuroleptic concentrations would allow more effective oral dosing for individual psychotic patients."	( Neuroleptic blood levels and clinical response. Rockland, LH, 1986)	0.27
" Data were analyzed to determine the effect of anticholinergic prophylaxis, age, sex, and type and dosage of neuroleptic on the incidence of dystonic reactions."	( Anticholinergic agents for prophylaxis of neuroleptic-induced dystonic reactions: a prospective study. Heiser, JF; Morrison, RL; Simpson, GM; Sramek, JJ, 1986)	0.27
"Precise pharmacokinetic data of long-acting neuroleptics: apparent half life (T 1/2), time of peak plasma concentration (Tmax), bioavailability, has been a major contribution to determine optimal dosage of the drug."	( [Clinical pharmacokinetics of haloperidol decanoate. Comparison with other prolonged-action neuroleptics]. Levron, JC; Ropert, R, )	0.42
" In a sulpiride-treated patient, the dosage was reduced in four steps over a nine-week period and a curvilinear relationship was demonstrated between central D2-dopamine receptor occupancy and serum drug concentrations."	( Central D2-dopamine receptor occupancy in schizophrenic patients treated with antipsychotic drugs. Farde, L; Halldin, C; Sedvall, G; Wiesel, FA, 1988)	0.27
" Dose-response studies of catalepsy and ptosis were conducted in male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 30, 56, or 100 days."	( Decreasing sensitivity to neuroleptic agents in developing rats; evidence for a pharmacodynamic factor. Baldessarini, RJ; Campbell, A; Teicher, MH, 1988)	0.27
"This article reviews the role of a new depot antipsychotic dosage form, haloperidol decanoate (HD), in relationship to other comparable pharmacotherapies (oral and injectable)."	( Haloperidol decanoate: a depot antipsychotic. Evans, RL; Hemstrom, CA; Lobeck, FG, 1988)	1.95
" For remoxipride, the dose-response curve for antagonism of GBL-reversal was superimposable over that for antagonism of apomorphine-induced stereotypies, with an ED50 value about 12 times higher than that for antagonism of apomorphine-induced hyperactivity."	( Comparison of the effects of haloperidol, remoxipride and raclopride on "pre"- and postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the rat brain. Fowler, CJ; Magnusson, O; Mohringe, B; Ogren, SO; Wijkström, A, 1988)	0.57
" Dose-response quantitative generalization was obtained by using 1 and 2 micrograms/kg caerulein."	( Neuroleptic-like properties of cholecystokinin analogs: distinctive mechanisms underlying similar behavioral profiles depending on the route of administration. De Witte, P; Gewiss, M; Roques, B; Vanderhaeghen, JJ, )	0.13
"Therapeutic plasma monitoring of haloperidol, a major neuroleptic, measured by radioimmunoassay, has shown a rather good correlation between plasma level and dosage but with large interindividual variation in children as in adults; age seems not to have any effect on haloperidol metabolism."	( [Haloperidol. Plasma monitoring and hormonal effects of treatment]. Debray, Q; Dugas, M; Giraud, J; Goyot, C; Grenier, J; Guay, C, 1985)	1.46
" Time-course and dose-response studies further demonstrated that acetyltransferase activity covaried with POMC mRNA and peptide levels."	( Coordinate regulation of peptide acetyltransferase activity and proopiomelanocortin gene expression in the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary. Chappell, MC; Millington, WR; Mueller, GP; O'Donohue, TL; Roberts, JL, 1986)	0.27
" In previous investigations we found that in the same dosage Atriopeptin II increased sodium excretion 10-fold in euvolaemic animals."	( Renal effects of atriopeptin II and dopamine receptor blockade in acutely volume-expanded rats. Hansell, P; Michaelsson, K; Ulfendahl, HR, 1988)	0.27
"01 to 1 microM were added to the incubation media, GH secretion was consistently inhibited and a dose-response relationship was observed between the cyproheptadine concentrations and the amounts of GH released into the media."	( Cyproheptadine-mediated inhibition of growth hormone and prolactin release from pituitary adenoma cells of acromegaly and gigantism in culture. Fukushima, T; Ishibashi, M; Yamaji, T, 1985)	0.27
" After injection of 2 mg/kg haloperidol daily for 7 days, the dose-response curve to L-noradrenaline was displaced to the left, with lowering of the threshold and enhancement of the maximal response."	( Chronic haloperidol causes increase in salivary response and alpha 1-adrenoceptors in submandibular gland of the rat. De Robertis, E; De Stein, ML; Medina, JH; Pazo, JH; Tumilasci, OR, 1985)	1
" The repeated dosing decreased body weight and caused neuromuscular dysfunction."	( 3H-dopamine uptake and 3H-haloperidol binding in striatum after administration of methyl mercury to rats. Komulainen, H; Tuomisto, J, 1985)	0.57
"1-1 mg/kg SC) also produced jumping behavior, but the dose-response curve for apomorphine was shifted to the right."	( Effects of acute and long-term treatments with thyrotropin-releasing hormone on locomotor activity and jumping behavior in mice. Glavin, GB; Hara, T; Hirano, H; Mizuki, Y; Ushijima, I; Watanabe, K; Yamada, M, 1986)	0.27
" Also, dosage requirements increase in the presence of other drugs that are enzyme inducers."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine. Kerr, BM; Levy, RH, 1988)	0.27
" In the 18-month study, haloperidol was injected intraperitoneally as a solution (HaldolR) at a dosage of 5 mg/kg daily for 5, 10 and 20 consecutive days in 5-week-old mice."	( Mutagenic and leukemogenic activity of haloperidol: a negative study. de Meester, C; Lambotte-Vandepaer, M; Marsboom, R; Van Cauteren, H; Vandenberghe, J; Vanparys, P, 1987)	0.85
" These determinations demonstrate that the release of haloperidol with the decanoate form is sustained throughout the 4-week dosing interval."	( A clinical trial comparing intramuscular haloperidol decanoate and oral haloperidol in chronic schizophrenic patients: efficacy, safety, and dosage equivalence. Achim, A; Lizondo, E; Nayak, R; Schwartz, G; Suranyi-Cadotte, B; Thavundayil, JX; Vasavan Nair, NP, 1986)	0.79
" Dosage adjustment after 2 weeks of treatment was made in seven subjects based on poor clinical response or side effects."	( Neuroleptic radioreceptor activity and clinical outcome in schizophrenia. Alexander, H; Bowden, C; Contreras, S; Faber, R, 1987)	0.27
" After 24 h treatment with amine, the MAO activity of cultured skin fibroblasts was elevated in a dose-response manner."	( Increased activity of monoamine oxidase by epoxy resin hardeners. Yano, E, 1987)	0.27
"The relationship between chronic oral dosage with a long-acting formulation of propranolol and plasma propranolol levels 22 to 23 hours later is described in 12 adult male patients with organic brain disease."	( Plasma propranolol levels and their effect on plasma thioridazine and haloperidol concentrations. Greendyke, RM; Kanter, DR, 1987)	0.51
" To characterize the concentration-time profile of the two routes of administration, blood samples were obtained on two separate occasions at steady state during maintenance dosing for each route of administration."	( The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of oral and depot intramuscular haloperidol in schizophrenic patients. Doose, DR; Nair, NP; Nayak, RK, 1987)	0.5
"The effects of long-term dosing with tiapride for 21 days on barin dopamine receptors and dopamine turnover were compared with those of sulpiride and haloperidol."	( Effect of long-term dosing with tiapride on brain dopamine receptors and metabolism in rats. Comparative study with sulpiride and haloperidol. Kohjimoto, Y; Kuwaki, T; Nomura, Y; Ono, T; Satoh, H; Shibayama, F; Shirakawa, K, 1987)	0.68
" Cumulative dosing of methamphetamine and morphine increased response rates without marked changes in avoidance rates in the shuttle avoidance response."	( [Effects of psychotropic drugs by the cumulative-dosing procedure on lever-press and shuttle discrete avoidance responses in mice]. Furusawa, K; Kuribara, H; Tadokoro, S, 1987)	0.27
" All three drugs disrupted performance during both the initial dose-response determination as well as during the redetermination following the regimen."	( Effects of dopaminergic agents on eye tracking before and after repeated methamphetamine. Ando, K; Johanson, CE; Schuster, CR, 1986)	0.27
" Serum haloperidol levels in these patients decreased to about 60% of the levels seen just prior to the usual morning dosing during the drug holiday."	( Drug holidays and serum haloperidol levels in schizophrenic patients. Couch, L; Fody, EP; Harrison, RH; McMillan, DE; Newton, JE; Reese, WG, 1986)	1.03
"1-30 mg/kg) elicited yawning that began 15-20 min after injection and lasted for 60 min, and the dose-response curve showed a bell-shaped form."	( Desipramine induces yawning behaviour in rats. Czyrak, A; Klimek, V; Mogilnicka, E; Wedzony, K, 1986)	0.27
"A study of the liver N-demethylase activity in rats treated with different dosage schedule of morphine, or with a single dose of haloperidol was carried out."	( N-demethylase activity in the rat liver following morphine and haloperidol treatment. Daniel, W; Melzacka, M, )	0.58
" It was concluded that 4-week intramuscular administration of haloperidol decanoate provides appropriate control of schizophrenic symptoms, but that flupenthixol decanoate should be dosed at shorter intervals."	( Haloperidol decanoate and flupenthixol decanoate in schizophrenia. A long-term double-blind cross-over comparison. Eberhard, G; Hellbom, E, 1986)	1.95
"0 mg/kg) from saline, and then generalization tests were conducted using a cumulative dosing procedure."	( Discriminative stimulus properties of buspirone in the pigeon. Barrett, JE; Mansbach, RS, 1987)	0.27
" After cumulative dosage dose-response curves are given for single frequency bands and different brain areas."	( Classification of sulpiride, clozapine and haloperidol by toposelective recording from different brain structures in the immobilized rat (stereo-EEG). Decker, H; Dimpfel, W, 1985)	0.53
" In contrast, haloperidol failed to exert a similar effect at a dosage (1."	( Conditioned taste aversion to chlorpromazine, but not to haloperidol. Giardini, V, 1985)	0.88
" For these reasons, we have undertaken a systematic study of haloperidol dose-response curves with particular emphasis on the lowest possible concentrations of drug."	( Influences of endogenous dopamine on carotid body discharge and ventilation. Chow, CM; Read, DJ; Winder, C, 1986)	0.51
" After these dose-response curve determinations, chronic daily treatment with haloperidol (0."	( Effects of drugs on schedule-controlled behavior in rats during chronic haloperidol administration. McMillan, DE; Rastogi, SK, 1985)	0.73
" After a diagnosis of "dysmorphic syndrome," haloperidol was prescribed at a dosage of 1 mg twice daily."	( The dysmorphic syndrome. Koblenzer, CS, 1985)	0.53
" The effects on the overall response and the induction and elicitation phases were evaluated, using two alternative dosage schedules for each agent."	( Different effects of psychotropic drugs on delayed hypersensitivity responses in mice. Descotes, J; Evreux, JC; Tedone, R, 1985)	0.27
" Tolerance to MA, increased sensitivity to HAL and no consistent sensitivity change to APO were observed when dose-response functions were redetermined starting 1 month after the repeated MA administration."	( Sensitivity changes to dopaminergic agents in fine motor control of rhesus monkeys after repeated methamphetamine administration. Ando, K; Johanson, CE; Schuster, CR; Seiden, LS, 1985)	0.27
" Prolonged treatment with nomifensin markedly reduced the response of the type I inhibitor both to low and high doses of apomorphine and shifted the dose-response curves to the right."	( The responsiveness of the endogenous inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase to apomorphine in rat striatum after prolonged treatment with nomifensin. Szmigielska, H; Szmigielski, A; Zalewska, J, )	0.13
" The dose-response relationship for hyperactivity in grouped mice following the injection of morphine sulphate has been established."	( Monoamine mediation of the morphine-induced activation of mice. Carroll, BJ; Sharp, PT, 1972)	0.25
" This diabetes insipidus is reversible, non-progressive, unrelated to plasma level, and distinct in attack from lithium-induced hypothyroidism, which may occur at low dosage but is also usually of late onset and reversible or treatable with thyroxine while lithium is continued."	( Blood levels and management of lithium treatment. Crammer, JL; Crane, G; Rosser, RM, 1974)	0.25
" However, the dose-response curve for pilocarpine was steeper than that for apomorphine."	( Apomorphine-induced and pilocarpine-induced hypothermia in mice: drug interactions and changes in drug sensitivity after caudate nucleus lesions. Glick, SD; Marsanico, RG, 1974)	0.25
" The ED50s of the effective neuroleptics for this inhibition were similar to those reported for antagonism of amphetamine-induced stereotypic behavior in the rat and the slopes of the dose-response curves were parallel indicating a common site and mechanism of action, presumably blockade of postsynaptic dopaminergic receptors."	( Effect of neuroleptics and tricyclic antidepressants upon d-amphetamine discrimination. Schechter, MD, 1980)	0.26
"The counterbalanced design in a bioequivalent study of haloperidol indicated an absence of any clinical difference between a new 20-mg dosage form and two 10-mg tablets of haloperidol (Haldol)."	( The dopamine radioreceptor assay--a clinical application. Hanlon, TE; Kurland, AA; Nagaraju, A, 1980)	0.51
" Each dopamine antagonist displaced the dose-response curve for dopamine-induced suppression of prolactin release to the right in a parallel manner."	( Chlorpromazine, haloperidol, metoclopramide and domperidone release prolactin through dopamine antagonism at low concentrations but paradoxically inhibit prolactin release at high concentrations. Besser, GM; Delitala, G; Grossman, A; Stubbs, WA; Yeo, T, 1980)	0.61
" The dose-response curves showed potencies similar to those in several animal behavioral paradigms."	( Electrophysiologic interactions of antipsychotic drugs with central noradrenergic pathways. Freedman, R; Geller, HM; Hoffer, BJ; Marwaha, J, 1981)	0.26
"A case illustrating the worsening of a patient's schizophrenic symptoms following haloperidol dosage increases in presented."	( Psychotic exacerbation with haloperidol. Lee, D; Sramek, JJ; Tornatore, FL, 1981)	0.78
" The response to 3 x 10(-7) M dopamine was considered as the maximum response to obtain dose-response curves (Takayanagi et al 1981)."	( Photoaffinity labelling of dopamine receptors in molluscan smooth muscle. Iwayama, Y; Takayanagi, I, 1982)	0.26
" administration of lisuride at the dosage known to be ineffective on the postsynaptic dopamine receptor."	( [Suppressive effects of lisuride on the synthesis, release and metabolism of dopamine in rat brain]. Azuma, H; Iwai, K; Kikuta, M; Liu, HJ; Oshino, N; Sato, K, 1982)	0.26
" Drugs and dosage of peroral and intravenous neuroleptic treatment and possible complications are discussed."	( [Inpatient withdrawal treatment of heroin dependence with neuroleptics--an approach to addicts]. Hermann, P; Presslich, O; Schanda, H, 1983)	0.27
" In the 6th and 8th h after the 10-mg dosage but also after the 40-mg dose some activating properties were observed, as indicated by the decrease in slow waves and increase in slow beta activity and average frequency."	( Determination of pharmacodynamics of the new neuroleptic zetidoline by neuroendocrinologic, pharmaco-EEG, and psychometric studies--Part I. Dubini, A; Grünberger, J; Linzmayer, L; Saletu, B, 1983)	0.27
" The dosage was adjusted to the clinical response of the patients and the mean dose was 21."	( A double-blind controlled trial of pipotiazine, haloperidol and placebo in recently-hospitalized acute schizophrenic patients. Bechelli, LP; Hetem, G; Ruffino-Netto, A, 1983)	0.52
" The clinical significance of plasma monitoring of depot fluphenazine, including the development of dosage conversion guidelines, is presented."	( Future of depot neuroleptic therapy: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic approaches. Davis, CM; Ereshefsky, L; Jann, MW; Richards, A; Saklad, SR; Seidel, DR, 1984)	0.27
") elicited yawning in rats and the dose-response curves of all 3 compounds showed a bell-shaped form."	( Effects of apomorphine, TL-99 and 3-PPP on yawning in rats. Boissard, CG; Delini-Stula, A; Mogilnicka, E, 1984)	0.27
" The dosage schema can be adapted individually whenever necessary."	( [Long-term therapy of chronic schizophrenic patients with haloperidol decanoate]. Roncoroni, D, 1984)	0.51
" It appears that propericiazine shows an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve."	( Prophylactic effect of neuroleptics in symptom-free schizophrenics: a comparative dose-response study of haloperidol and propericiazine. Hoaki, Y; Koga, I; Nishikawa, T; Tanaka, M; Tsuda, A; Uchida, Y, 1984)	0.48
"The authors studied high-potency versus low-potency neuroleptic dosing practices for 110 Boston-area psychiatric inpatients and compared the findings with the dosing practices reported in surveys of nearly 16,000 Veterans Administration patients."	( Dissimilar dosing with high-potency and low-potency neuroleptics. Baldessarini, RJ; Cotton, P; Katz, B, 1984)	0.27
" Administration of nitrazepam with other drugs, except aminopyrine, or of estazolam together with haloperidol exhibited an anticonvulsive pattern different from the case of dosing with either drug alone."	( [Pharmacology of a 1H-1, 2, 4-triazolyl benzophenone derivative (450191-S), a new sleep-inducer (III). Behavioral study on interactions of 450191-S and other drugs in mice]. Horiuchi, M; Ibii, N; Yamamoto, K, 1984)	0.48
"0 mg/kg) were examined in a subchronic (28 day) dosing regimen."	( Acute and subchronic effects of neuroleptics on quantitative measures of discriminative motor control in rats. Ford, KE; Fowler, SC; Gramling, SE; Nail, GL, 1984)	0.27
" (+) Butaclamol but not (-) butaclamol shifted the dopamine dose-response curve to the right in a parallel fashion, indicating competitive antagonism."	( Pharmacological characterization of renal vascular dopamine receptors. Imbs, JL; Schmidt, M, )	0.13
" There were also differences in the dose-response curves."	( Neuroleptic-induced seizures. An in vitro technique for assessing relative risk. Luchins, DJ; Oliver, AP; Wyatt, RJ, 1982)	0.26
" It means that over this dosage range haloperidol potentiates GABA-induced effects."	( [Participation of GABA-ergic structures in producing the effects of haloperidol]. Molodavkin, GM; Ostrovskaia, RU, 1980)	0.77
" Apomorphine, at doses different than the training dose, produced a dose-response relationship, whereas, caffeine (7."	( Caffeine potentiation of apomorphine discrimination. Schechter, MD, 1980)	0.26
" A dose-response relationship (5-100 mg/kg) for the hypothermic effect of delta 9-THC was seen."	( The mechanism of action of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on body temperature in mice. Davies, JA; Graham, JD, 1980)	0.26
"3 mg/kg) produced a 3-fold shift to the right of the cyclazocine dose-response curve but did not completely block the cyclazocine-like stimulus effects of either SKF 10,047 or ethylketocyclazocine."	( Discriminative stimulus effects of prototype opiate receptor agonists in monkeys. Holtzman, SG; Teal, JJ, 1980)	0.26
"Using a double-blind experimental design, two dosage regimens of haloperidol were compared in acutely decompensated, newly admitted schizophrenic patients."	( Haloperidol in acute schizophrenic inpatients. A double-blind comparison of two dosage regimens. Greub, E; Modestin, J; Pia, M; Toffler, G, 1983)	1.95
"In a double-blind controlled study, 20 acutely psychotic inpatients were treated with different haloperidol dosage regimens."	( Plasma/RBC haloperidol ratios and improvement in acute psychotic symptoms. Depry, D; Janowsky, DS; Munson, E; Neborsky, RJ; Perel, JM, 1984)	0.88
" This dosage of haloperidol had no effect on tactile placing in normal cats."	( Amphetamine and apomorphine restore tactile placing after motor cortex injury in the cat. Feeney, DM; Hovda, DA, 1983)	0.61
" The interaction of these compounds was determined by repeated determination of the dose-response function for d-amphetamine in combination with different doses of haloperidol."	( The effect of d-amphetamine and haloperidol alone and in combination on milk drinking in rats. Foltin, RW; Schuster, CR; Woolverton, WL, 1983)	0.75
" Evidence for this is based on the fact that in our patients and others mentioned in the literature the dosage and blood levels of lithium were not high."	( Toxic irreversible encephalopathy induced by lithium carbonate and haloperidol. A report of 2 cases. Hurwitz, MD; Sandyk, R, 1983)	0.5
" Overall, 25 years of experience have indicated that haloperidol can be used safely and effectively to manage a variety of psychiatric illnesses, so long as dosage and method of administration are adjusted to individual patients' needs."	( Haloperidol: a quarter century of experience. Ayd, FJ; Settle, EC, 1983)	1.96
" The suggested importance of treatment schedule rather than cumulative drug dosage in the development of tolerance to haloperidol may have significance to long-term side effects of chronic neuroleptic treatment such as tardive dyskinesia and clinical issues such as drug holidays."	( Treatment schedule as a determinant of the development of tolerance to haloperidol. Carey, RJ; DeVeaugh-Geiss, J, 1984)	0.71
" Most children suffered side effects on relatively high doses of lithium, and those few who experienced side effects on low dosage had saliva lithium levels that were proportionately high."	( Saliva lithium levels in children: their use in monitoring serum lithium levels and lithium side effects. Anderson, L; Campbell, M; Grega, DM; Perry, R, 1984)	0.27
" An increase in dosage also had only a transient effect."	( Development of tolerance to the therapeutic effect of amantadine on akathisia. Barreira, P; Lipinski, JF; Zubenko, GS, 1984)	0.27
"In an open study, 18 patients suffering from an acute episode of schizophrenia and 18 patients with severe mania were given haloperidol at different dosage levels."	( Plasma haloperidol levels and therapeutic response in acute mania and schizophrenia. Balant, L; Balant-Gorgia, AE; Eisele, R; Garrone, G, 1984)	0.93
" An experimental study of the long-term administrations of haloperidol revealed the formation of adaptation to the drug which can be overcome by a zigzag-like sharp elevation of the dosage followed by rapid reduction to the baseline level."	( [Various methods of overcoming secondary resistance to treatment developing in relation to adaptation to psychotropic drugs during long-term treatment (clinico-experimental study)]. Allikmets, LKh; Avrutskiĭ, GIa; Beliakov, AV; Neduva, AA; Zharkovskiĭ, AM, 1984)	0.51
" Animals of high dosage group showed suppression of body weight increase and loss of muscular strength of limbs in the administration period."	( [Subacute toxicity of an amine-curing agent for epoxy resin]. Matsumoto, M; Nakayama, E; Nishizawa, H; Ohsawa, M; Ohshima, S; Okuda, H; Sasaki, N; Shibata, T, 1984)	0.27
"The drug difference between a low and a high dosage of haloperidol was investigated in 40 acutely ill schizophrenic patients."	( Effects of high and low dosage of haloperidol on the brain in relation to schizophrenic thought disorder. Lehmann, E; Scholz, OB; Winter, M, 1984)	0.79
" At each dose tested, metoclopramide produced a larger rightward shift of the apomorphine dose-response curve in the control rats than in withdrawn rats."	( Kinetic analysis of central nervous system supersensitivity induced in rats by long-term haloperidol administration. I. pA2 determination. Bernardi, MM; Palermo-Neto, J; Saban, R, 1984)	0.49
" Metoclopramide and haloperidol are both excellent antiemetics when given in sufficient dosage by an effective route."	( Comparison of the antiemetic effect of high-dose intravenous metoclopramide and high-dose intravenous haloperidol in a randomized double-blind crossover study. Cariffe, P; Gala, KV; Grunberg, SM; Jamin, D; Johnson, K; Krailo, M; Lampenfeld, M; Strych, D, 1984)	0.81
") was not inhibited at any dosage level in haloperidol-treated rats, and was enhanced by higher doses of nomifensine."	( Enhancement of stereotypy induced by nomifensine in rats during continuous chronic haloperidol treatment. Jenner, P; Marsden, CD; Rupniak, NM, 1984)	0.76
"Nineteen male patients, under 35 years of age, newly admitted with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, were treated with either chlorpromazine or haloperidol at a fixed dosage for 25 days."	( Total and free plasma neuroleptic levels in schizophrenic patients. Davidson, L; Glaister, J; Jeffries, JJ; Seeman, P; Tang, SW; Toth, R, 1984)	0.47
" At the end of the trial, the mean dosage of HD administered and BPRS (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) mean scores were significantly lower than the initial ones (70."	( Haloperidol decanoate in schizophreniform disorders. Clinical and neuroendocrine aspects. Attenni, M; Casacchia, M; Castellana, F; Ecari, U; Iafrate, A; Meco, G, )	1.57
" Lever pressing for intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) was attenuated in a dose-related fashion by TL-99 and 3-PPP, with relatively shallow dose-response relationships."	( Avoidance and ICSS behavioral models dissociate TL-99 and 3-PPP from dopamine receptor antagonists. Fenton, HM; Gerhardt, S; Hall, NR; Liebman, JM; Neale, R; Noreika, L, 1983)	0.27
"The neurochemical background of clinical experiences that the patients receiving high dosage haloperidol showed no extrapyramidal side effects was investigated by using rats."	( [High dosage haloperidol reduces cataleptic response with increased noradrenaline metabolism in the rat brain areas]. Takashima, M; Toru, M, 1983)	0.85
" The clinical implications for dosage strategies are discussed."	( Beyond the therapeutic window: a case presentation. Butterfield, L; Friedel, RO; Garicano, M; Narasimhachari, N; Schulz, SC, 1984)	0.27
" Preincubation of the sonicated platelets with haloperidol before the assay did not shift the dose-response curve."	( Haloperidol inhibition of monoamine oxidase in vivo and in vitro. Giller, E; Hall, H; Reubens, L; Wojciechoswki, J, 1984)	1.97
" Patients were selected based on poor response or the need for high dosage and were rated with the Clinical Global Impression Scale."	( Haloperidol and reduced haloperidol plasma levels in selected schizophrenic patients. Browning, JL; Burch, NR; Davis, CM; Ereshefsky, L; Harrington, CA; Jann, MW; Saklad, SR, 1984)	1.71
" A total of 30 female patients with a diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia were initially stabilised on the dosage of haloperidol which produced optimum therapeutic response when given once or twice daily."	( A clinical and pharmacodynamic evaluation of sulpiride. Bailey, J; Bishop, M; Coppen, A; Rao, VA, 1981)	0.47
" These included improvement during a drug-free trial: the absence of a prior history of a speech problem; the patient's marked psychotic state and anxiety: and the high dosage of haloperidol."	( Persistent dysarthria with apraxia associated with a combination of lithium carbonate and haloperidol. Bond, WS; Carvalho, M; Foulks, EF, 1982)	0.68
" Dose-response curves for d-MA (0."	( Altered sensitivity to d-methylamphetamine, apomorphine, and haloperidol in rhesus monkeys depleted of caudate dopamine by repeated administration of d-methylamphetamine. Finnegan, KT; Ricaurte, G; Schuster, CR; Seiden, LS, 1982)	0.51
" It is concluded that agonist induction of subsensitivity in the DA system is difficult to reproduce and may depend on highly specific dosage conditions and treatment schedules."	( The effect of chronic bromocriptine and L-dopa on spiperone binding and apomorphine-induced stereotypy. Bannet, J; Belmaker, RH; Globus, M; Lerer, B, 1982)	0.26
" Mean daily dosage was approximately 112 mg flupenthixol and 18 mg haloperidol."	( Flupenthixol versus haloperidol in acute psychosis. Parent, M; Toussaint, C, 1983)	0.83
" Following acquisition of the discrimination, dose-response functions were generated for both training-dose groups during 5 min test sessions."	( Drug discrimination in rats: evidence for amphetamine-like cue state following chronic haloperidol. Barrett, RJ; Steranka, LR, 1983)	0.49
" There appeared to be no difference between the viloxazine-treated group and the placebo-treated group, although the study raised some question as to the adequacies of the dosage utilized since there was an absence of any apparent side effects."	( Viloxazine and the depressed schizophrenic--methodological issues. Kurland, AA; Nagaraju, A, 1981)	0.26
"A randomized cross-over trial was conducted in 30 restless mentally subnormal patients by increasing the dosage of haloperidol from 10 to 60 mg and that of thioridazine from 100 to 600 mg daily."	( Haloperidol, thioridazine and placebo in mentally subnormal patients-serum levels and clinical effects. Räisänen, P; Rimón, R; Väisänen, K; Viukari, M, 1981)	1.92
" It appears that although haloperidol disposition can be described by linear kinetics in volunteers, this is not the case in patients in whom a 7--10-fold variability in plasma levels is observed for the same dosage together with the possibility of saturation kinetics and/or first pass effect."	( Haloperidol plasma level monitoring in neuropsychiatric patients. Bianchetti, G; Dugas, M; Morselli, PL, 1982)	2.01
" The failure of our combination antiemetic regimens to intensify the proven antiemetic efficacy of single agents emphasises the need for re-evaluation of currently used antiemetic agents and their dosage schedules."	( Single-agent versus combination antiemetic treatments in patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. Coates, A; Diekman, J; Fox, RM; Kearsley, JH; Sims, K; Tattersall, MH, 1982)	0.26
" Solutions prepared from commercial dosage forms of haloperidol (injection, oral liquid concentrate, and tablets) were assayed to verify the accuracy of the HPLC assay to quantify haloperidol."	( Stability of haloperidol in 5% dextrose injection. Das Gupta, V; Stewart, KR, 1982)	0.88
" Plasma prolactin levels, initially high, increased when the dosage was increased to 100 mg/day but did not increase further."	( High doses of haloperidol in schizophrenia. A clinical, biochemical, and pharmacokinetic study. Bianchetti, G; Cuche, H; Loo, H; Morselli, PL; Scatton, B; Zarifian, E, 1982)	0.62
" Ten of the studies are dose-response evaluations."	( Sleep spindles: pharmacological effects in humans. Hirshkowitz, M; Karacan, I; Thornby, JI, 1982)	0.26
" In neither patient, the increase in haloperidol dosage affected paranoid symptoms."	( [Use of haloperidol in high doses in schizophrenia. Clinical, biochemical and pharmacokinetic study]. Bianchetti, G; Cuche, H; Loo, H; Morselli, PL; Scatton, B; Zarifian, E, 1982)	0.97
" After stable discrimination performances were attained (greater than 85%) in each group, dose-response generalizations between the two groups of animals were examined."	( Comparative discriminative stimulus effects of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine and LSD. Glennon, RA; Rosecrans, JA; Young, R, 1982)	0.26
" A dose-response relationship was evident as 80-245 mg/kg produced from 3 to 70% fetal anomalies."	( Haloperidol teratogenicity in the fetal hamster. Geber, WF; Gill, TS; Guram, MS, 1982)	1.71
" These findings constitute biochemical evidence for selective elevation of brain DA during the first postnatal week of life after L-DOPA administration in a dosage that is also capable of enhancing the coordination required for swimming behavior."	( Brain catecholamine concentration during the first week of development in rats. Korányi, L; Phelps, CP; Tamásy, V, 1982)	0.26
" (2) There were significant correlations between daily dosage and salivary and serum concentrations, and the regression lines were shown in the equivalent exponential form."	( Haloperidol concentrations in saliva and serum: determination by the radioimmunoassay method. Miura, S; Yamazumi, S, 1981)	1.71
"30 h in one of five dosage levels (0."	( Differential time- and dose-dependent effects in the haloperidol blockade of luteinizing hormone release and ovulation. Johnson, JH; Krieg, RJ, 1981)	0.51
"Chronic schizophrenic patients were maintained for six months on a dosage of haloperidol adjusted to give optimum clinical effect."	( Clinical state, plasma levels of haloperidol and prolactin: a correlation study in chronic schizophrenia. Bishop, M; Coppen, A; Rao, VA, 1980)	0.77
" Using a chronic dosing regime, the effects of haloperidol (0."	( Time course of chronic haloperidol and clozapine upon operant rate and duration. Faustman, W; Fowler, S; Walker, C, 1981)	0.83
"A comparison of a chemical analytic technique (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) with that of the dopamine receptor blocking assay in a study involving seven schizophrenic patients being administered a fixed dosage of haloperidol (20 mg) demonstrated a high degree of correspondence in the quantification of the plasma levels of the neuroleptic."	( A comparison of dopamine receptor blocking assay with plasma drug levels of haloperidol in schizophrenic patients. Hanlon, TE; Kurland, AA; Nagaraju, A; Ng, KT; Wilkinson, EH, 1981)	0.68
"6 hr at all three dosage levels."	( A new radioimmunoassay for haloperidol: direct measurement of serum and striatal concentrations. Colburn, WA; Marcum, EA; Miller, RL; Spector, S; Wurzburger, RJ, 1981)	0.56
" Dose-response relationship of methylphenidate thermal effects exhibits a U-shape curve."	( A comparison of the hypothermic effects of methylphenidate and d-amphetamine. Ben-Uriah, Y; Carasso, RL; Yehuda, S, 1981)	0.26
"Haloperidol levels were measured by radioreceptor assay in 12 schizophrenic patients during gradual dosage reduction (at 10-day) intervals) from 60 to 0 mg/day."	( Haloperidol blood levels during dosage reduction in chronic schizophrenic patients. Belmaker, RH; Ebstein, RP; Goldman, Z; Hermoni, M; Lerer, B; Zohar, J, 1981)	3.15
" The same was true for haloperidol plasma levels after chronic dosing in man."	( Radioimmunoassay of bromperidol and haloperidol in human and canine plasma. Belpaire, FM; Bogaert, MG; De Moerloose, P; Van Den Eeckhout, E, 1980)	0.85
" Serum levels of haloperidol in schizophrenic patients receiving single oral dosing (6 mg/subject) have also been determined."	( Determination of haloperidol in human serum by radioimmunoassay. Hashimoto, M; Itoh, H; Iwaisaki, M; Kagemoto, A; Minaki, Y; Sekine, Y; Suzuki, H; Utsui, Y; Yagi, G, 1980)	0.94
" This methylamphetamine treatment also attenuated the ability of methylamphetamine and apomorphine to produce increases in locomotor activity without shifting the dose-response curve to the right or left."	( The effects of dopaminergic agents on the locomotor activity of rats after high doses of methylamphetamine. Lucot, JB; Schuster, CR; Seiden, LS; Wagner, GC, 1980)	0.26
") every 4 weeks with haloperidol decanoate using different dosage schedules which were calculated from the previously prescribed daily oral dose of haloperidol multiplied by a factor of 30, 20 or 10."	( Intramuscular haloperidol decanoate for neuroleptic maintenance therapy. Efficacy, dosage schedule and plasma levels. An open multicenter study. Berghmans, W; Deberdt, R; Driesens, F; Elens, P; Heykants, J; Reyntjens, A; van Wijngaarden, I; Woestenborghs, R, 1980)	0.94
" Dose-response analysis of receptor occupancy revealed risperidone demonstrated higher binding affinity for 5-HT2 than for D2, while the reverse was observed with haloperidol."	( In vivo dopamine-D2 and serotonin-5-HT2 receptor binding study of risperidone and haloperidol. Kido, H; Mori, H; Sakamoto, H; Shiba, K; Sumiyoshi, T; Suzuki, K; Urasaki, K; Yamaguchi, N; Yokogawa, K, 1994)	0.71
" Risperidone was found to have a curvilinear dose-response curve with an optimum effect of 4 mg day on the negative, anxious/depressive and cognitive factors and with an optimum effect of 8 mg day on the positive and excited factors."	( Changes in single symptoms and separate factors of the schizophrenic syndrome after treatment with risperidone or haloperidol. Lindström, E; von Knorring, L, 1994)	0.5
"0 mg/kg induced a significant leftward displacement of the control dose-response curve constructed for apomorphine (0."	( Effect of manipulation of the GABA system on dopamine-related behaviors. Palermo-Neto, J; Sandoval, MR, 1995)	0.29
"025 mg/kg quinpirole from distilled water, a dose-response curve and time course of the quinpirole discriminative stimulus were determined."	( D2-specific discriminative stimuli: parameters, blocking, and rebound. Barrett, RJ; Caul, WF; Huffman, EM; Jones, JR; Strand, EJ, 1995)	0.29
" This dosage impaired conditioning of the male animals but did not attain the same effects on females."	( Gender differences in the effects of haloperidol on avoidance conditioning in mice. Arenas, MC; Parra, A; Simón, VM, 1995)	0.56
" To the extent that the VCM syndrome models TD, the absence of long-term suppression of the VCM syndrome suggests that, at this dosage range, increasing depot neuroleptic doses may not be a useful long-term strategy for TD suppression."	( Neuroleptic-induced vacuous chewing movements in rodents: incidence and effects of long-term increases in haloperidol dose. Egan, MF; Hyde, TM; Kleinman, JE; Wyatt, RJ, 1995)	0.5
" The dose-response curves for haloperidol to changes in the evoked DA release were found to be biphasic (small doses increased the release and large doses inhibited), which were shifted to the left by longer periods of superfusion with haloperidol."	( [Inhibitory effect of haloperidol on evoked dopamine release from striatal slices of the rat]. Takaki, T; Tanaka, M; Yamada, S; Yokoo, H, 1995)	0.89
" In 53 patients who were treated with two or more haloperidol dosage regimens, steady-state haloperidol and reduced haloperidol drug concentrations obtained from the different regimens were positively correlated with the haloperidol dose (R = ."	( Intra- and interethnic variability in reduced haloperidol to haloperidol ratios. Chang, WH; Chen, H; Davis, CM; Jann, MW; Lam, YW; Lin, SK; Yu, HS, 1995)	0.8
" This study evaluated the effect of oral alosetron dosing on the pharmacokinetics of haloperidol, the latter being administered daily to 13 schizophrenic patients for 56 days."	( Effect of alosetron (a new 5-HT3 receptor antagonist) on the pharmacokinetics of haloperidol in schizophrenic patients. Gupta, SK; Kunka, RL; Lloyd, T; Metz, A; Perel, JM; Rudolph, G, 1995)	0.74
" Mice and rats were given A5 intraperitoneally at three different dosage levels."	( The influence of antineoplaston A5 on the central dopaminergic structures. Burzynski, SR; Chodkowska, A; Feldo, M; Juszkiewicz, M; Kleinrok, Z; Majewska, B, 1994)	0.29
" Dose-response functions for cocaine and haloperidol demonstrated both quantitative and qualitative specificity of the training stimuli."	( A three-choice haloperidol-saline-cocaine drug discrimination task in rats. Gauvin, DV; Goulden, KL; Holloway, FA, 1994)	0.91
"During a 4-week interval of haloperidol decanoate dosage (dose range = 30-50 mg), the patients' D2 receptor occupancy was determined with positron emission tomography on two occasions."	( D2 dopamine receptor occupancy during low-dose treatment with haloperidol decanoate. Bertilsson, L; Dahl, ML; Farde, L; Halldin, C; Nyberg, S, 1995)	0.83
"Hair samples were obtained 1-5 months after ingestion of the antimicrobial ofloxacin, which had been given for 1 or 3 days at the commencement of haloperidol administration, or when its dosage was reduced."	( Using ofloxacin as a time marker in hair analysis for monitoring the dosage history of haloperidol. Kosuge, K; Nakano, M; Nakashima, M; Nishimoto, M; Sato, H; Uematsu, T, 1994)	0.71
" In this case, it seems necessary to diminish the interval between injections than to give higher dosage in order to maintain plasma concentrations."	( Do enzyme inducers modify haloperidol decanoate rate of release? Agenet, C; Barges-Bertocchio, MH; Levron, JC; Pupeschi, G, 1994)	0.59
" The dose-response curve was bell-shaped which is typical for cognition enhancers."	( PRE-084, a sigma selective PCP derivative, attenuates MK-801-induced impairment of learning in mice. Maurice, T; Nabeshima, T; Parish, DW; Privat, A; Su, TP, 1994)	0.29
"There is a trend in clinical psychiatric practice to make the dosing schedules of psychotropic medications as simple as possible."	( Comparison of haloperidol plasma concentrations between twice-a-day and once-a-day dosing in Chinese schizophrenic patients. Chang, WH; Chen, CH; Lin, SK, 1993)	0.65
"Doctors' prescription and dosing behaviour was investigated using data from 9 clinical trials in 550 patients treated with psychotropics."	( Correct titration of non-drugs and some other methodological issues. Beneke, M; Fritze, J; Rasmus, W; Rød, IS, 1994)	0.29
" In addition, the clinician should consider the dosage schedule of each medication and balance this against the probability of extrapyramidal side effects and noncompliance."	( Dose response of prophylactic antipsychotics. Brauzer, B; Casey, DE; Davis, JM; Gierl, B; Hassan, M; Kane, JM; Marder, SR; Schooler, N, 1993)	0.29
" D2-DAr binding assays showed 1) that CLG-induced changes in Bmax parallel these behavioral changes and 2) that the biphasic CLG dose-response curve may involve CLG failure at high cumulative doses to lower Bmax."	( Prevention and reversal of dopamine receptor supersensitivity by cyclo(leucyl-glycyl) (CLG): biphasic dose-response curves. Drucker, GE; Engh, K; Fields, JZ; Gordon, JH; Ritzmann, RF; Wichlinski, LJ, 1994)	0.29
" In the first the effects of captopril on apomorphine-induced behaviour were compared with those of the classical neuroleptic haloperidol, and in the second dose-response curves for the effects of captopril and enalapril on apomorphine-induced behaviour were determined."	( The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors captopril and enalapril inhibit apomorphine-induced oral stereotypy in the rat. Banks, RJ; Dourish, CT; Mozley, L, 1994)	0.49
"Two patients with akathisia developing only after neuroleptic dosage reduction or withdrawal are described."	( Withdrawal akathisia: case reports and a proposed classification of chronic akathisia. Lang, AE, 1994)	0.29
" Eighteen-day-old rats were 35% and 63% more sensitive than adults to the effects of haloperidol on striatal and accumbens turnover and had steeper dose-response curves."	( Developmental differences in acute nigrostriatal and mesocorticolimbic system response to haloperidol. Baldessarini, RJ; Barber, NI; Campbell, A; Gallitano, AL; Gelbard, HA; Marsh, E; Teicher, MH, 1993)	0.73
" In vitro protein secretion rates exhibit a dose-response relationship with increases in protein release up to a concentration of 10(-8) to 10(-4) M for various derivatives of bromhexine and 10(-4) M for carbachol."	( Lacrimal secretion stimulants: sigma receptors and drug implications. Barfknecht, CF; Cheng, B; Ignace, CC; Iwai, Y; Newton, RE; Schoenwald, RD; Shirolkar, S; Vidvauns, S; Xia, E, 1993)	0.29
" In keeping with previous data obtained with other sigma receptor ligands, low doses of sertraline and of clorgyline potentiated selectively with a bell-shaped dose-response curve the effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) on pyramidal neurons in the CA3 region of the rat dorsal hippocampus."	( Modification of the N-methyl-D-aspartate response by antidepressant sigma receptor ligands. Bergeron, R; De Montigny, C; Debonnel, G, 1993)	0.29
" Using an optimizing dosage regime, the outcome variables studied were aggression frequency and the number and nature of emergent side effects."	( Aggression in the demented patient: a double-blind study of loxapine versus haloperidol. Ancill, RJ; Carlyle, W; Sheldon, L, 1993)	0.52
"The concentration of chlorpromazine (CPZ) in hair was measured to demonstrate its value as an index of individual dosage history and compliance."	( Chlorpromazine in human scalp hair as an index of dosage history: comparison with simultaneously measured haloperidol. Nakashima, M; Sato, H; Uematsu, T; Yamada, K, 1993)	0.5
" A dose-response analysis of D2 and 5-HT2 receptor occupancy by the drugs consolidated the higher 5-HT2 binding affinity of clozapine in comparison with haloperidol."	( Time course of dopamine-D2 and serotonin-5-HT2 receptor occupancy rates by haloperidol and clozapine in vivo. Ichimura, F; Kido, H; Mori, H; Sakamoto, H; Shiba, K; Sumiyoshi, T; Suzuki, K; Urasaki, K; Yamaguchi, N; Yokogawa, K, 1993)	0.71
" The dose-response curves were U-shaped."	( Influence of beta-casomorphins on apomorphine-induced hyperlocomotion. Grecksch, G; Matthies, H; Rüthrich, HL, 1993)	0.29
") did not shift the apomorphine dose-response curve (0."	( Comparison of the effects of the cholecystokinin-B receptor antagonist, PD 134308, and the cholecystokinin-A receptor antagonist, L-364,718, on dopamine neuronal activity in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. Christoffersen, CL; Meltzer, LT; Razmpour, A; Serpa, KA, 1993)	0.29
" Body clearance decreased nonsignificantly, and elimination half-life increased significantly after chronic dosing compared with kinetic parameters determined after a single dose."	( The assessment and clinical implications of haloperidol acute-dose, steady-state, and withdrawal pharmacokinetics. Bigelow, LB; DeVane, CL; Khot, V; Kirch, DG; Korpi, ER; Venable, D; Wyatt, RJ, 1993)	0.55
" Animals that were lesioned and treated with haloperidol chronically had longer durations of catalepsy at the first two dose-response determinations."	( Partial 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions and haloperidol-induced catalepsy. Fisher, H; Johnson, SK; Wagner, GC, 1993)	0.8
"Despite the trend towards lower neuroleptic dosing in the treatment of psychosis, there continue to be patients who are administered doses that are higher than recommended."	( Acutely psychotic patients receiving high-dose haloperidol therapy. Coulter, K; Pollock, B; Reed, K; Remington, G; Voineskos, G, 1993)	0.54
"Previous data suggest the possibility that haloperidol daily dosing requirements may be confounded by smoking and, at higher doses, capacity-limited metabolism."	( Haloperidol dosing requirements: the contribution of smoking and nonlinear pharmacokinetics. Arndt, SV; Holman, TL; Miller, DD; Perry, PJ; Smith, DA, 1993)	1.99
"Single administration of the regulating peptide tuftsin Thr- Lys-Pro-Arg (300 micrograms/kg) was shown to affect the state of the transmitter systems in the brain of rats treated with the sedative drug haloperidol in a total dosage of 15 mg/kg within 30 days."	( [Effect of the tetrapeptide tuftsin on activity of the monoaminergic system of the brain in experimental pathology]. Dovedov, EL; Monakov, MIu, )	0.32
" Haloperidol is often administered chronically in clinical situations; hence, it is important to investigate the effects of repeated, as well as acute, dosing with this drug."	( Effect of repeated haloperidol administration on phencyclidine discrimination in rats. Wiley, JL, 1995)	1.53
" Cognitive function testing was performed before dosing and over a 24-hour period after dosing on Days 1, 2, and 25."	( Absence of effect of sertraline on time-based sensitization of cognitive impairment with haloperidol. Oliver, SD; Rapeport, WG; Wesnes, K; Williams, SA, 1996)	0.52
"Haloperidol, a neuroleptic, was orally administered at 0, 3, 10, 30 and 60 mg/kg/day in a 4-week dosing study, and 0, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg/day in a 9-week dosing study, to Sprague-Dawley male rats which were then sacrificed for histopathological examination or mated with untreated females."	( Collaborative work to determine an optimal administration period and optimal parameters for detection of effects on male fertility in rats--male reproductive toxicity study of haloperidol. Imanishi, M; Takagi, S; Takeuchi, M; Yoneyama, M, 1995)	1.93
" In vivo, risperidone showed the highest potency for 5-HT2A-receptor occupancy; To obtain the same extent of D2-receptor occupancy, a 19-times higher dosage was required."	( In vitro receptor binding and in vivo receptor occupancy in rat and guinea pig brain: risperidone compared with antipsychotics hitherto used. Bonaventure, P; Janssen, PF; Leysen, JE; Schotte, A, 1995)	0.29
"(-)-Pentazocine is active in the tailflick assay in CD-1 mice, although it shows a biphasic dose-response curve with a peak effect of only 30%."	( (-)-Pentazocine analgesia in mice: interactions with a sigma receptor system. Chien, CC; Pasternak, GW, 1995)	0.29
" The dose-response curves at which each drug produced vacuous jaw movements are presented and discussed in terms of their predictive capabilities of early onset extrapyramidal side effects."	( The effects of raclopride on vacuous jaw movements in rats following acute administration. Harrington, A; Kaczmarek, HJ; Steinpreis, RE, 1996)	0.29
" The administration of 5 mg of haloperidol to subjects dosed with nefazodone to steady state led to a modest pharmacokinetic interaction, as indicated by a 36, 13, and 37% increase in mean area under the curve (AUC0-12), highest concentration, and 12-h concentration values for haloperidol, respectively; only the increase in AUC was statistically significant."	( Investigation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions after coadministration of nefazodone and haloperidol. Barbhaiya, RH; Breul, HP; Greene, DS; Midha, KK; Shukla, UA, 1996)	0.79
" Patients were maintained on monthly depot treatment for 40 weeks after the loading dose regimen and only one patient relapsed during treatment despite dosage increases."	( Haloperidol and reduced haloperidol plasma concentrations after a loading dose regimen with haloperidol decanoate. Chang, WH; Jann, MW; Lin, HN; Piao-Chien, C; Wei, FC, 1996)	1.74
" Following systemic (intraperitoneal) administration of apomorphine (a dopamine receptor D1/D2 mixed agonist), SKF 38393 (D1 > D3 > D2 agonist), LY 17155 or quinpirole (D3 > D2 and D1) agonist), haloperidol (a DA-D2 antagonist), and clonidine (noradrenaline receptor alpha 2 agonist), the ICSS response rates evoked from LH-MFB and VTA-SN were compared with vehicle or saline-treated animals on the basis of dose-response functions."	( Dose-response functions of apomorphine, SKF 38393, LY 171555, haloperidol and clonidine on the self-stimulation evoked from lateral hypothalamus and ventral tegmentum. Desiraju, T; Raju, TR; Singh, J, 1996)	0.72
" Our data indicate a need to establish dose-response curves for the conventional neuroleptics."	( Positron emission tomography studies on D2 dopamine receptor occupancy and plasma antipsychotic drug levels in man. Farde, L; Halldin, C; Nordström, AL; Nyberg, S, 1995)	0.29
" The results of this preliminary study suggest that, in the management of delirium, appropriate usage of haloperidol on the first day is important as it affects the dosage thereafter."	( Usage of haloperidol for delirium in cancer patients. Akechi, T; Fukue, M; Kagaya, A; Nishida, A; Okamura, H; Oomori, N; Uchitomi, Y; Yamawaki, S, 1996)	0.93
" The recommended initial dosage was 150 mg bromperidol (one 3 ml ampoule), and this did not in fact have to be increased during the trial."	( [Bromperidol decanoate in the residual phase of schizophrenia]. Canova, L; Cocconcelli, C; Faravelli, C; Marchetti, FP; Mariani, G; Rapisarda, V; Smeraldi, E, 1996)	0.29
" The methods are illustrated on a data set involving alternative dosage regimens for the treatment of schizophrenia using haloperidol and on a regression example."	( Pattern-mixture models for multivariate incomplete data with covariates. Little, RJ; Wang, Y, 1996)	0.5
" Three notions have been utilized conceptually to explain the distinction between atypical versus typical antipsychotic drugs: 1) dose-response separation between particular pharmacologic functions; 2) anatomic specificity of particular pharmacologic activities; 3) neurotransmitter receptor interactions and pharmacodynamics."	( Mechanisms of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs: a critical analysis. Kinon, BJ; Lieberman, JA, 1996)	0.29
" Criteria for evaluation were derived from the medical literature and product information, and included the following areas: diagnosis, stabilization on a short-acting form of the antipsychotic, appropriateness of dosage conversion to depot therapy, concomitant administration of short-acting antipsychotics (and duration of concomitant medications), and plasma concentration monitoring."	( Evaluation of inpatient depot antipsychotic prescribing. Crismon, ML; Dorson, PG; Pabis, DJ, 1996)	0.29
" These patients were receiving a stable dosage of a short-acting antipsychotic prior to conversion to depot therapy (i."	( Evaluation of inpatient depot antipsychotic prescribing. Crismon, ML; Dorson, PG; Pabis, DJ, 1996)	0.29
"Risperidone had a bell-shaped dose-response curve, with optimal therapeutic responses occurring at a daily dose of 8 mg."	( [Risperidone in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia: multicenter study comparative to haloperidol]. Ayuso, JL; Chinchilla, A; Eguiluz, I; Fernández, A; González Pinto, A; Guimon, J; Gutiérrez, M; Herraiz, ML; López Ibor, JJ, )	0.35
" We discuss a possible relation between serotonin syndrome and a highly dosed combination therapy with moclobemide."	( [Depressive stupor--malignant neuroleptic syndrome--serotonin syndrome. A case contribution to a difficult differential diagnosis]. König, F; Löble, M; Wolfersdorf, M, 1996)	0.29
" Patients were treated with risperidone in two different dosage groups (3 mg and 8 mg) and haloperidol (10-20 mg) and compared with eight healthy control subjects."	( Striatal dopamine-2 receptor occupancy in psychotic patients treated with risperidone. Asenbaum, S; Brücke, T; Gössler, R; Kasper, S; Küfferle, B; Podreka, I; Tauscher, J; Topitz-Schratzberger, A; Vesely, C, 1996)	0.51
" The dose-response curve at antigen challenge is steep."	( Anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in immunized guinea pigs provoked by inhalation and intravenous administration of hexahydrophthalic anhydride and methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride. Jonson, B; Welinder, H; Zhang, XD; Zhao, H, 1997)	0.3
" We have shown that sigma ligands, such as di(2-tolyl)guanidin (DTG), potentiate dose-dependently, with bell-shaped dose-response curves, the neuronal response of pyramidal neurones to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in the CA3 region of the rat dorsal hippocampus."	( Effect of short-term and long-term treatments with sigma ligands on the N-methyl-D-aspartate response in the CA3 region of the rat dorsal hippocampus. Bergeron, R; de Montigny, C; Debonnel, G, 1997)	0.3
" Based on the currently available literature, in any critically ill patient receiving droperidol or haloperidol therapy whose QTc interval lengthens by 25% or more over baseline, therapy should be discontinued or the dosage reduced."	( Conduction disturbances associated with administration of butyrophenone antipsychotics in the critically ill: a review of the literature. Lawrence, KR; Nasraway, SA, )	0.35
" Analyses indicated that an increasing dose-response curve was observed across the range of all olanzapine dose groups."	( Olanzapine versus haloperidol: acute phase results of the international double-blind olanzapine trial. Beasley, CM; Beuzen, JN; Blin, O; Crawford, AM; Dellva, MA; Hamilton, SH; Tollefson, GD; Tran, PV, 1997)	0.63
" The implications of the D2 occupancy findings for the optimal dosing of neuroleptics are discussed."	( The relationship between D2 receptor occupancy and plasma levels on low dose oral haloperidol: a PET study. Houle, S; Jones, C; Kapur, S; Reed, K; Remington, G; Roy, P; Zipursky, R, 1997)	0.52
" The patient developed postural hypotension and the risperidone dosage was held at 2 mg bid."	( Fatal cardiac event following initiation of risperidone therapy. Levenson, JW; Ravin, DS, )	0.13
" Though our findings confirm that fluoxetine impairs haloperidol clearance, this interaction is unlikely to have adverse clinical consequences, at least in patients chronically stabilized on a low dosage of haloperidol."	( Interaction between fluoxetine and haloperidol: pharmacokinetic and clinical implications. Avenoso, A; Campo, G; Caputi, AP; Facciolă, G; Ferlito, M; Perucca, E; Spinà, E; Zuccaro, P, 1997)	0.82
"Five fixed doses of the atypical antipsychotic "Seroquel" (quetiapine) were evaluated to delineate a dose-response relationship, as measured by changes from baseline in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI), and Modified Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) summary scores, and to compare efficacy and tolerability opposite placebo and haloperidol."	( Multiple fixed doses of "Seroquel" (quetiapine) in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: a comparison with haloperidol and placebo. The Seroquel Trial 13 Study Group. Arvanitis, LA; Miller, BG, 1997)	0.67
" Compound 6, 3-benzyl-8-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-c]pyridin-5-one, increased DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) synthesis 84% in the hippocampus and 10% in the striatum of rat brain when dosed orally at 10 mg/kg."	( Chromeno[3,4-c]pyridin-5-ones: selective human dopamine D4 receptor antagonists as potential antipsychotic agents. Capiris, T; Connor, DT; Heffner, TG; MacKenzie, RG; Miller, SR; Pugsley, TA; Unangst, PC; Wise, LD, 1997)	0.3
"Thirty-seven newly admitted schizophrenic patients were treated with an open and flexible dosage of chlorpromazine for 3 months after receiving a test dose."	( Prediction of drug responses in schizophrenia: a method using a test dose of chlorpromazine. Minami, H; Miyahara, A; Nakahara, T; Nakane, Y, 1997)	0.3
" In addition, the polymorphic distribution of RH/HL ratios, suggested by previous investigators, was further tested in each dosage group (for controlling the potential dosage effect on RH/HL ratios)."	( Dose-dependent reduced haloperidol/haloperidol ratios: influence of patient-related variables. Chang, WH; Chang, YC; Hu, OY; Hu, WH; Jann, MW; Lane, HY; Lin, HN, 1997)	0.61
" Once these movement disorders were induced, they consistently reappeared after further treatment with haloperidol, and once haloperidol dosing was discontinued, the episodes vanished."	( The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) as a model for neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia. Fukuoka, T; Kohda, A; Matsuo, M; Nakano, M; Okuno, Y, 1997)	0.51
" A significantly greater percentage of subjects receiving combined treatment improved on the specific measures 60 minutes after dosing (p<0."	( A double-blind study of lorazepam versus the combination of haloperidol and lorazepam in managing agitation. Bieniek, SA; Dominguez, RA; Ownby, RL; Penalver, A, )	0.37
" While suspected anaphylaxis needs to be vigorously treated, a history of neuroleptic use and particularly of a recent dosage increase should alert clinicians to the possibility of acute laryngeal dystonia."	( Neuroleptic-induced laryngeal dystonia can mimic anaphylaxis. Ilchef, R, 1997)	0.3
" Incipient congenic strains of D2R-deficient mice demonstrated an orderly gene dosage reduction in locomotion superimposed on both extremes of parental background locomotor activity."	( Locomotor activity in D2 dopamine receptor-deficient mice is determined by gene dosage, genetic background, and developmental adaptations. Bunzow, JR; Burkhart-Kasch, S; Fang, Y; Gerhardt, GA; Grandy, DK; Kelly, MA; Lessov, CN; Low, MJ; Phillips, TJ; Rubinstein, M; Zhang, G, 1998)	0.3
" In conclusion, the present studies demonstrate that in the case of sequential dosing olanzapine more effectively enhances DA and NE release in the Pfc than in the subcortical areas, which may have an impact on its atypical antipsychotic actions."	( Olanzapine increases in vivo dopamine and norepinephrine release in rat prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and striatum. Bymaster, FP; Li, XM; Perry, KW; Wong, DT, 1998)	0.3
" Twenty-one patients meeting DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia were enrolled; all patients had been stabilized for at least 2 weeks on their dosage of neuroleptic medicine before entering the study."	( Naltrexone augmentation of neuroleptics in schizophrenia. Charney, DS; Glazer, WM; Heninger, GR; Krystal, JH; Petrakis, IL; Price, LH; Sernyak, MJ; Woods, SW, 1998)	0.3
" The recovery of haloperidol in synthetic mixtures with parabens and pharmaceutical dosage forms is also reported."	( Zero-crossing derivative spectrophotometry for the determination of haloperidol in presence of parabens. Bouzouita, K; Kallel, M; Ouanês, S; Safta, F; Trabelsi, H, 1998)	0.88
" Blood concentration increased in proportion to the HP dosage in all patients, and its average was significantly higher than that of the control group."	( [Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol in patients on hemodialysis]. Sanga, M; Shigemura, J, 1998)	0.62
" The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy in relation to the neuroleptic dosage and to correlate the findings with the presence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)."	( Iodine-123-iodobenzamide SPECT assessment of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy in riperidone-treated schizophrenic patients. Dähne, I; Dresel, S; Hahn, K; Mager, T; Scherer, J; Tatsch, K, 1998)	0.3
" The degree of occupancy displayed an exponential dose-response relationship (r = -0."	( Iodine-123-iodobenzamide SPECT assessment of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy in riperidone-treated schizophrenic patients. Dähne, I; Dresel, S; Hahn, K; Mager, T; Scherer, J; Tatsch, K, 1998)	0.3
"The findings suggest an exponential dose-response relationship between the daily dosage of risperidone and the dopamine D2 receptor occupancy."	( Iodine-123-iodobenzamide SPECT assessment of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy in riperidone-treated schizophrenic patients. Dähne, I; Dresel, S; Hahn, K; Mager, T; Scherer, J; Tatsch, K, 1998)	0.3
" The results of the study indicate that the immunomodulatory effects of the neuroleptics depend mainly on dosage and experimental conditions."	( Influence of neuroleptics on cytotoxic activity of macrophages in rats. Belowski, D; Herman, ZS; Kowalski, J; Madej, A, 1998)	0.3
"This 4-week, double-blind, randomized study was undertaken to determine the dose-response relationship of amisulpride in 319 patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia."	( Amisulpride, and atypical antipsychotic, in the treatment of acute episodes of schizophrenia: a dose-ranging study vs. haloperidol. The Amisulpride Study Group. Fleurot, O; Puech, A; Rein, W, 1998)	0.51
" In contrast, increasing doses of amperozide resulted in decreasing vacuous jaw movements for this portion of the dose-response curve."	( The effects of the atypical antipsychotic amperozide on vacuous jaw movements in rats: a novel dose response profile. Moser, L; Panos, J; Parret, F; Rutell, E; Steinpreis, RE, 1998)	0.3
") dosing of 10 mg/kg/day acrylamide produced a selective impairment of hindlimb hopping."	( A force plate system for measuring low-magnitude reaction forces in small laboratory animals. Carr, GJ; Handley, DE; Ross, JF, 1998)	0.3
" A simulation of this dependence of clinical improvement on serum levels, mediated by the variable dose design, can be excluded because of the results of a retrospective analysis of dosing behavior."	( Therapeutic window of serum haloperidol concentration in acute schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Braun, V; Meyer, FP; Neuhof, S; Ulrich, S, 1998)	0.59
", 30 min) were administered to rats for 4 weeks in a between-groups dosing design."	( Haloperidol, raclopride, and eticlopride induce microcatalepsy during operant performance in rats, but clozapine and SCH 23390 do not. Fowler, SC; Liou, JR, 1998)	1.74
" Sixteen patients who did not respond to the traditional antipsychotics after 2 weeks of treatment with a certain dosage of haloperidol were administered with 50 mg of sertraline for a period of 2 weeks."	( Co-administration of sertraline and haloperidol. Han, CS; Kim, SH; Lee, MS; You, YW, 1998)	0.78
" Doses were increased weekly until the optimal therapeutic dosage was achieved."	( An investigation of ethnic and gender differences in the pharmacodynamics of haloperidol. Bean, G; Beiser, M; Zhang-Wong, J; Zipursky, RB, 1998)	0.53
" Sulpiride increased the maximum effect afforded by different concentrations of NMDA and shifted the dose-response curve of NMDA to the left (EC50 value from 12."	( Neuroleptics with differential affinities at dopamine D2 receptors and sigma receptors affect differently the N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced increase in intracellular calcium concentration: involvement of protein kinase. Hayashi, T; Kagaya, A; Nishida, A; Shimizu, M; Su, TP; Yamawaki, S, 1999)	0.3
"Symptoms of the autonomic nervous system were more effectively prevented by GHB as evident in the lower dosage requirement of clonidine."	( [Gamma-hydroxybutyrate for treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in intensive care patients. A comparison between with two symptom-oriented therapeutic concepts]. Lenzenhuber, E; Müller, C; Rommelspacher, H; Spies, C, 1999)	0.3
"The relative affinity of metoclopramide as indicated by K(B) values was calculated in control and in haloperidol-withdrawn rats treated or not with monosialoganglioside-1 (GM1) by using dose-response curves constructed for apomorphine-induced stereotyped behavior."	( Kinetic analysis of GM1 effects on haloperidol-induced dopaminergic supersensitivity. Frussa-Filho, R; Palermo-Neto, J; Vital, MA, 1999)	0.8
" The results indicate that at low doses haloperidol dose-dependently reduces intromission frequency, and the effect of a repeated dosage may persist several days after cessation of medication."	( Effects of repeated low dose administration and withdrawal of haloperidol on sexual behaviour of male rats. Haapalinna, A; Männistö, PT; Saano, V; Tupala, E; Viitamaa, T, 1999)	0.81
" Assessments of attention, memory and motor control were made prior to dosing on each day, at 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after dosing on days 1 and 4, and at 24 and 48 h following the last dose."	( A comparison of the effects of olanzapine, haloperidol and placebo on cognitive and psychomotor functions in healthy elderly volunteers. Beuzen, JN; Taylor, N; Wesnes, K; Wood, A, 1999)	0.57
" The catalepsy-reversal action of the diethylglycine-substituted peptidomimetic 5 was examined further and found to exhibit a U-shaped dose-response effect with an optimal dose of 1 microg/kg."	( Modulatory effects of PLG and its peptidomimetics on haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats. Buckley, AT; Costain, WJ; Evans, MC; Johnson, RL; Mishra, RK, 1999)	0.55
" Only with haloperidol (maximum 60%), risperidone (maximal 20%), and olanzapine (maximal 20%) a partial antagonism without clearcut dose-response was observed."	( Inability of antipsychotics to antagonize the cueing properties of cocaine in rats. De Haes, P; Meert, TF; van Campenhout, N, 1999)	0.69
" We describe the case of a 41-year-old white woman with no predisposing factors who developed torsade de pointes 55 minutes after a dose of intravenous haloperidol 80 mg (total dosage 915 mg over 7 d)."	( Haloperidol-induced torsade de pointes. O'Brien, JM; Rockwood, RP; Suh, KI, 1999)	1.94
" Haloperidol maximal effect (Emax) was less than the effect of the full agonist norepinephrine (NE), and dose-response curves for both NE in the presence of submaximal doses of haloperidol and haloperidol in the presence of Emax doses of NE showed that haloperidol behaves as a partial agonist of cerebral alpha1-adrenoceptors."	( Haloperidol-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis via direct activation of alpha1-adrenoceptors in frontal cerebral rat cortex. Borda, TG; Cremaschi, G; Sterin-Borda, L, 1999)	2.66
"Antipsychotic dosing for acute mania has not been well studied."	( Acute mania: haloperidol dose and augmentation with lithium or lorazepam. Allen, MH; Charles, O; Chou, JC; Czobor, P; Trujillo, M; Tuma, I; Volavka, J; Winsberg, B, 1999)	0.67
" Daily dosing requirements were less in the elderly for intermittent intravenous lorazepam, haloperidol, and morphine but not for midazolam (p=0."	( Frequency, severity, and treatment of agitation in young versus elderly patients in the ICU. Berthiaume, D; Fraser, GL; Prato, BS; Riker, RR; Wilkins, ML, 2000)	0.53
"With the background of a number of meta-analyses on the optimal neuroleptic dosages [1,2] the average daily dosage for the treatment of acute schizophrenic episodes recommended in the internal treatment guidelines of our psychiatric clinic was reduced from 24 mg to 15 mg haloperidol equivalent."	( ["More is less": a retrospective study of haloperidol dosages in acute schizophrenia]. Kissling, W; Kockott, G; Müller, R, 2000)	0.75
"The evaluation of the treatment data showed that the dosing guideline was adhered to and in 1991/92 on the average actually only 15 mg haloperidol were prescribed daily in acute schizophrenic episodes."	( ["More is less": a retrospective study of haloperidol dosages in acute schizophrenia]. Kissling, W; Kockott, G; Müller, R, 2000)	0.77
" We exemplify how this dosing confounder could lead to inappropriate conclusions."	( Are animal studies of antipsychotics appropriately dosed? Lessons from the bedside to the bench. Kapur, S; Remington, G; Wadenberg, ML, 2000)	0.31
"These results suggest that pretreatment plasma HVA could be useful for dosing antipsychotics."	( Pretreatment plasma HVA and haloperidol response in acute mania. Bebe, R; Chang, WH; Charles, O; Chou, JC; Cooper, TB; Czobor, P; Lane, HY; Stone, DL; Tuma, I, 2000)	0.6
" Dosage regimens were flexible (amisulpride 200-800 mg/day, haloperidol 5-20 mg/day)."	( Long-term safety and efficacy of amisulpride in subchronic or chronic schizophrenia. Amisulpride Study Group. Colonna, L; Dondey-Nouvel, L; Rein, W; Saleem, P, 2000)	0.55
" Increases in serum PRL levels are enhanced when daily dosages are administered via multiple-daily dosing of the test compound, which results in higher sustained blood levels of the test compounds."	( Detection of dopaminergic modulators in a tier I screening battery for identifying endocrine-active compounds (EACs). Cook, JC; Davis, LG; Frame, SR; O'Connor, JC, )	0.13
" On each study day, cognitive performance was assessed prior to dosing and at 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h after dosing with the following tests from the Cognitive Drug Research computerized assessment system: simple reaction time, digit vigilance task, choice reaction time, visual tracking, Critical Flicker Fusion, body sway, numeric working memory, immediate and delayed word recall, word recognition and self-ratings of mood and alertness."	( The acute effects of amisulpride (50 mg and 200 mg) and haloperidol (2 mg) on cognitive function in healthy elderly volunteers. Bergougnan, L; Canal, M; L'Heritier, C; Legangneux, E; McEwen, J; Miget, N; Pinquier, JL; Rosenzweig, P; Wesnes, KA, 2000)	0.55
" A dose-response relationship was not consistently confirmed with any of the drug treatments."	( The effects of olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol on plasma prolactin levels in patients with schizophrenia. Breier, A; David, SR; Kinon, BJ; Taylor, CC, 2000)	0.57
" No consistent dose-response relationship was observed, and the time course and sex-dependency of the response differed between the 3 agents."	( The effects of olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol on plasma prolactin levels in patients with schizophrenia. Breier, A; David, SR; Kinon, BJ; Taylor, CC, 2000)	0.57
"The steady-state trough concentrations of haloperidol were studied to clarify the role of the characteristics of Japanese patients in estimating haloperidol dosing regimens by using routine therapeutic drug-monitoring data."	( Epidemiologic investigation of the relative clearance of haloperidol by mixed-effect modeling using routine clinical pharmacokinetic data in Japanese patients. Anai, M; Funakoshi, A; Goto, Y; Higuchi, S; Hokazono, T; Ichimaru, R; Makit, T; Matsunaga, K; Ohdo, S; Yukawa, E; Yukawa, M, 2000)	0.82
" Correlations between drug dosage and plasma drug levels were significant for haloperidol and thioridazine, but not for lorazepam."	( Relationships between psychotropic drug dosage, plasma drug concentration, and prolactin levels in nursing home residents. Billig, N; Cohen-Mansfield, J; Lipson, S; Taylor, L; Werner, P; Woosley, R, 2000)	0.54
" We also provide evidence of deficient NT neurotransmission as well as a left-shifted antipsychotic drug dose-response curve in isolation-reared rats."	( Enhanced neurotensin neurotransmission is involved in the clinically relevant behavioral effects of antipsychotic drugs: evidence from animal models of sensorimotor gating. Binder, EB; Kilts, CD; Kinkead, B; Nemeroff, CB; Owens, MJ, 2001)	0.31
" Weanling male CD rats (21 days old) were dosed for 30 d by gavage with vehicle (0."	( Evaluation of the male pubertal assay's ability to detect thyroid inhibitors and dopaminergic agents. Carney, EW; Crissman, JW; Marty, MS, 2001)	0.31
" Prolonged administration of haloperidol to mice resulted in complex I loss in frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and midbrain, while chronic dosing with clozapine affected only hippocampus and frontal cortex."	( Protein thiol oxidation by haloperidol results in inhibition of mitochondrial complex I in brain regions: comparison with atypical antipsychotics. Balijepalli, S; Boyd, MR; Kenchappa, RS; Ravindranath, V, 2001)	0.9
" Following 30 sessions of training, dose-response functions were determined for HA (0."	( Schedule-dependent effects of haloperidol and amphetamine: multiple-schedule task shows within-subject effects. Brindle, NA; Caul, WF, 2001)	0.6
" A similar dose-response relationship was determined for nifedipine, an L-type calcium channel antagonist."	( Pharmacological involvement of the calcium channel blocker flunarizine in dopamine transmission at the striatum. Armando, I; Belforte, JE; Buño, W; Magariños-Azcone, C; Pazo, JH, 2001)	0.31
" Haloperidol blood levels may be clinically useful in identifying patients who are nonresponsive because of low drug levels and, hence, in enhancing optimal haloperidol dosing for acute mania with psychosis."	( Haloperidol blood levels in acute mania with psychosis. Chou, JC; Cooper, TB; Czobor, P; Dacpano, G; Richardson, N; Trujillo, M; Tuma, I; Volavka, J, 2001)	2.66
" The dissociation constant (K(B)) and relative intrinsic efficacy (E(r)) for each partial agonist were calculated using a partial agonist interaction null model in which the effects of fixed concentrations of each partial agonist on the dopamine dose-response curve were evaluated."	( Nonlinear analysis of partial dopamine agonist effects on cAMP in C6 glioma cells. Abell, C; Avalos, M; Kwan, SW; Mak, C; Randall, PK; Trzeciakowski, JP; Wilcox, RE, )	0.13
" In addition, the C57BL/6 strain exhibited a greater degree of sensitization to repeated dosing than did the other 2 strains."	( Haloperiodol-induced microcatalepsy differs in CD-1, BALB/c, and C57BL/6 mice. Fowler, SC; Vorontsova, E; Zarcone, TJ, 2001)	0.31
" Cramping abdominal pain associated with mechanical bowel obstruction often can be managed with morphine (titrating the dosage for pain) and octreotide."	( Management of common symptoms in terminally ill patients: Part II. Constipation, delirium and dyspnea. Alexander, CS; Ross, DD, 2001)	0.31
" The trial was divided into two periods: eight weeks during which the dosage was escalated and then fixed, and six weeks during which variable dosages were used."	( Effects of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol on hostility among patients with schizophrenia. Chakos, M; Citrome, L; Cooper, TB; Czobor, P; Lieberman, JA; Lindenmayer, JP; McEvoy, J; Sheitman, B; Volavka, J, 2001)	0.56
" This meta-analysis provided no information about the relationship between the degree of dementia, the kind of agitation manifested, or the dosage and duration of therapy with haloperidol and response to treatment of demented patients with agitation."	( Haloperidol for agitation in dementia. Colford, J; Lonergan, E; Luxenberg, J, 2001)	1.95
" Because of the wide focus of this meta-analysis, not enough information was provided to permit recommendations linking haloperidol treatment of agitated dementia to degree of dementia, manifestations of agitation, or dosage and duration of treatment of haloperidol."	( Haloperidol for agitation in dementia. Colford, J; Lonergan, E; Luxenberg, J, 2001)	1.96
"336( AGE> or = 65), where CL is total body clearance (L/h), Vd is apparent volume of distribution (L), TBW is total bodyweight (kg), DOSE is daily dosage (microg/kg/day), ANTIEP = 1 for concomitant administration of antiepileptic drugs (phenobarbital, phenytoin or carbamazepine) and 0 otherwise, AGE > or = 55 = 1 for patient aged 55 years or over and 0 otherwise, and AGE > or = 65 = 1 for patient aged 65 years or over and 0 otherwise."	( Population pharmacokinetics of haloperidol using routine clinical pharmacokinetic data in Japanese patients. Anai, M; Goto, Y; Higuchi, S; Hokazono, T; Ichimaru, R; Maki, T; Matsunaga, K; Ohdo, S; Yukawa, E; Yukawa, M, 2002)	0.6
"Application of the findings in this study to patient care may permit selection of an appropriate initial maintenance dosage to achieve target haloperidol serum concentrations, thus enabling the clinician to achieve the desired therapeutic effect."	( Population pharmacokinetics of haloperidol using routine clinical pharmacokinetic data in Japanese patients. Anai, M; Goto, Y; Higuchi, S; Hokazono, T; Ichimaru, R; Maki, T; Matsunaga, K; Ohdo, S; Yukawa, E; Yukawa, M, 2002)	0.8
" Key assessments included the pharmacokinetics of quetiapine at steady state (area under the curve within a dosing interval [AUCtSS], maximum [CmaxSS], and minimum [CminSS] observed plasma concentrations, and oral clearance [Cl/f]), as well as the UKU Side Effect Rating Scale scores and safety evaluations."	( The safety and pharmacokinetics of quetiapine when coadministered with haloperidol, risperidone, or thioridazine. Alva, G; Arvanitis, LA; Bera, R; Potkin, SG; Thyrum, PT; Yeh, C, 2002)	0.55
" These findings suggest that acute dystonia is affected by age factor, and that daily dosage or monitoring of drug concentration is unlikely to be a useful marker for the prediction of side-effects during bromperidol treatment."	( The characteristics of side-effects of bromperidol in schizophrenic patients. Ishida, M; Kaneko, S; Kondo, T; Mihara, K; Otani, K; Tanaka, O; Yasui-Furukori, N, 2002)	0.31
" A dose-response relationship for IM olanzapine in the reduction of agitation was assessed by measuring the reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Excited Component (PANSS-EC) scores 2 hours after the first injection."	( A double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-response comparison of intramuscular olanzapine and haloperidol in the treatment of acute agitation in schizophrenia. Birkett, M; Breier, A; Brook, S; David, S; Dossenbach, M; Ferchland, I; Kiesler, G; Meehan, K; Palmer, R; Sutton, V; Taylor, CC; Wright, P, 2002)	0.53
"Olanzapine exhibited a dose-response relationship for reduction in agitation (F(1,179)= 14."	( A double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-response comparison of intramuscular olanzapine and haloperidol in the treatment of acute agitation in schizophrenia. Birkett, M; Breier, A; Brook, S; David, S; Dossenbach, M; Ferchland, I; Kiesler, G; Meehan, K; Palmer, R; Sutton, V; Taylor, CC; Wright, P, 2002)	0.53
"0 mg per injection exhibits a dose-response relationship in the rapid treatment of acute agitation in patients with schizophrenia and demonstrates a favorable safety profile."	( A double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-response comparison of intramuscular olanzapine and haloperidol in the treatment of acute agitation in schizophrenia. Birkett, M; Breier, A; Brook, S; David, S; Dossenbach, M; Ferchland, I; Kiesler, G; Meehan, K; Palmer, R; Sutton, V; Taylor, CC; Wright, P, 2002)	0.53
" Variations in degree of dementia, dosage and length of haloperidol treatment, and in ways of assessing response to treatment suggested caution in the interpretation of reported effects of haloperidol in the management of agitated dementia."	( Haloperidol for agitation in dementia. Colford, J; Lonergan, E; Luxenberg, J, 2002)	2
" Using either a slower dose-titration or a high, single loading dose followed by a low maintenance dosing may have offered the possibility to obtain a good antipsychotic effect together with low incidence of EPS."	( Savoxepine versus haloperidol. Reasons for a failed controlled clinical trial in patients with an acute episode of schizophrenia. Bischoff, S; Gerebtzoff, A; Möller, HJ; Volz, HP, 2002)	0.65
" This double-blind, randomized controlled trial, comparing flexible dosing of olanzapine (5-20 mg/day, n = 234) to haloperidol (3-15 mg/day, n = 219), consisted of a 6-week acute phase, followed by a 6-week continuation phase."	( Olanzapine versus haloperidol in the treatment of acute mania: clinical outcomes, health-related quality of life and work status. Breier, A; Edgell, ET; Gandhi, G; Haro, JM; Namjoshi, MA; Shi, L; Tohen, M; Zhang, F, 2002)	0.86
" D2 receptor blockade, a dose-response study was employed to determine whether low doses of these atypical antipsychotics would also upregulate hippocampal BDNF mRNA in the absence of significant D2 receptor blockade."	( Differential regulation of hippocampal BDNF mRNA by typical and atypical antipsychotic administration. Ashe, P; Chlan-Fourney, J; Juorio, AV; Li, XM; Nylen, K, 2002)	0.31
"A dose-response relationship between dopamine D(2) occupancy and acute extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) has been well established."	( The relationship between dopamine D2 receptor occupancy and the vacuous chewing movement syndrome in rats. Kapur, S; Nobrega, JN; Remington, G; Turrone, P, 2003)	0.32
"049) and a linear dose-response relation (P=0."	( Cardiac arrest and ventricular arrhythmia in patients taking antipsychotic drugs: cohort study using administrative data. Bilker, WB; Glasser, DB; Hennessy, S; Kimmel, SE; Knauss, JS; Margolis, DJ; Morrison, MF; Reynolds, RF; Strom, BL, 2002)	0.31
"The present analysis investigated symptom-specific dose-response relationships of the atypical antipsychotic amisulpride (AMI) in schizophrenic patients."	( Dose-related effects of amisulpride on five dimensions of psychopathology in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. Benkert, O; Eich, FX; Müller, MJ; Puech, A; Rein, W; Wetzel, H, 2002)	0.31
" A comparison of citalopram and fluoxetine pharmacokinetics in the same animal and at the same dosage (1 mg/kg) showed that citalopram SERT occupancy and plasma half-lives were 9 times and 14 times shorter, respectively, than those of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine."	( [11C]-DASB, a tool for in vivo measurement of SSRI-induced occupancy of the serotonin transporter: PET characterization and evaluation in cats. Ginovart, N; Houle, S; Hussey, D; Meyer, JH; Wilson, AA, 2003)	0.32
" ChAT staining in the caudate-putamen and hippocampus was also decreased after 90 days of RISP exposure, raising the possibility of deleterious cognitive effects after exposure to this dosage for longer periods of time."	( Differential effects of haloperidol, risperidone, and clozapine exposure on cholinergic markers and spatial learning performance in rats. Evans, DR; Hill, WD; Mahadik, SP; Parikh, V; Terry, AV; Waller, JL, 2003)	0.63
" Controlled released transdermal dosage form (TDDS) of the drug was designed for maintenance therapy."	( Transdermal drug delivery system of haloperidol to overcome self-induced extrapyramidal syndrome. Dube, R; Samanta, MK; Suresh, B, 2003)	0.59
" Measuring rectal body temperatures, dose-response relationships were established for all compounds."	( Morphine and d-amphetamine nullify each others' hypothermic effects in mice. Baker, A; Meert, T, 2003)	0.32
" At a lower daily dosage of HAL (<10 mg/day), the subjects with two or one CYP2D6*10 allele(s) showed significantly higher plasma concentrations of RHAL (0."	( Effect of CYP2D6 genotypes on the metabolism of haloperidol in a Japanese psychiatric population. Hirokane, G; Kawashima, Y; Morita, S; Sato, S; Shimoda, K; Someya, T; Suzuki, Y; Takahashi, S; Yokono, A, 2003)	0.57
" We performed (1) a meta-analysis of randomized efficacy trials comparing SGAs and FGAs, (2) comparisons between SGAs, (3) a dose-response analysis of FGAs and SGAs, and (4) an analysis of the effect on efficacy of an overly high dose of an FGA comparator."	( A meta-analysis of the efficacy of second-generation antipsychotics. Chen, N; Davis, JM; Glick, ID, 2003)	0.32
" Thus, for example, NT69L after five daily injections at a fixed dosage was as effective at reversing cocaine-induced hyperactivity as after the first injection."	( Selective tolerance to the hypothermic and anticataleptic effects of a neurotensin analog that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Boules, M; Fauq, A; McCormick, D; McMahon, B; Richelson, E; Stewart, J; Wang, R; Warrington, L; Yerbury, S, 2003)	0.32
"Double-blind data on patients age > or =60 randomized to 5 mg/d OLZ (n=83) or 5 mg/d HAL (n=34) (Week 1) then flexibly dosed to 5-20 mg/d over six weeks, with a 48-week extension for responders, were analyzed post-hoc."	( Olanzapine vs haloperidol in geriatric schizophrenia: analysis of data from a double-blind controlled trial. Breier, A; Bymaster, FP; Dossenbach, M; Gilmore, JA; Golshan, S; Jeste, D; Kaiser, CJ; Kennedy, JS; Kinon, BJ; Maguire, GA; Sanger, T; Tollefson, G, 2003)	0.68
"Patients were randomly assigned to receive flexibly dosed olanzapine, 5 to 20 mg/d, with prophylactic benztropine, 1 to 4 mg/d (n = 159); or haloperidol, 5 to 20 mg/d (n = 150), for 12 months."	( Effectiveness and cost of olanzapine and haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial. Allan, E; Bingham, S; Campbell, EC; Caroff, S; Collins, J; Corwin, J; Davis, L; Douyon, R; Dunn, L; Evans, D; Frecska, E; Grabowski, J; Graeber, D; Herz, L; Kwon, K; Lawson, W; Leslie, D; Liu-Mares, W; Mena, F; Perlick, D; Rosenheck, R; Sheikh, J; Smelson, D; Smith-Gamble, V; Warren, S, 2003)	0.79
"The design consisted of 2 successive, 6-week, double-blind periods and compared flexible dosing of olanzapine (5-20 mg/d, n = 234) with haloperidol (3-15 mg/d, n = 219)."	( A 12-week, double-blind comparison of olanzapine vs haloperidol in the treatment of acute mania. Azorin, JM; Baker, RW; Breier, A; Emsley, RA; Evans, AR; Goldberg, JF; Gonzalez-Pinto Arrillaga, AM; Hardy-Bayle, MC; Lawson, WB; Namjoshi, MA; Risser, RC; Tohen, M; Vieta, E; Zhang, F, 2003)	0.77
" A pilot dose-response study investigated an intracranial approach of topically applying endothelin-1 (ET-1) to the M2 portion of the middle cerebral artery in a small sample of marmosets for up to 6 hours (n = 2 or 3 per group)."	( A new primate model of focal stroke: endothelin-1-induced middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in the common marmoset. David, C; Elliott, H; Farnfield, B; Golder, J; Hadingham, SJ; Hunter, AJ; Parsons, AA; Roberts, JC; Virley, D; Whelan, G, 2004)	0.32
" Haloperidol in pure form and in dosage form was assayed in this study."	( Thermodynamic consideration of the charge transfer interaction of the donor: acceptor type between chloranilic acid and haloperidol. Adikwu, MU; Akidi, FO; Attama, AA; Nnamani, PO, 2004)	1.44
"625 mg/day) were added to a fixed dosage of haloperidol (5 mg daily)."	( Conjugated estrogens as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of acute schizophrenia: a double-blind study. Bassitt, D; Diegoli, M; Elkis, H; Gattaz, WF; Louzã, MR; Marques, AP, 2004)	0.58
" Cox regression was used to calculate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), to examine potential confounding factors, and to examine dose-response relationships."	( Comparative cardiac safety of low-dose thioridazine and low-dose haloperidol. Bilker, WB; Glasser, DB; Hennessy, S; Kimmel, SE; Knauss, JS; Margolis, DJ; Morrison, MF; Reynolds, RF; Strom, BL, 2004)	0.56
" The mean dosage for midazolam was 18."	( Use of sedation to relieve refractory symptoms in dying patients. Blitz-Lindeque, J; Bridge, D; Cameron, D, 2004)	0.32
" A mean therapeutic dosage for Seroquel was 316."	( [Influence of long-term quetiapine (Seroquel) and haloperidol therapy on cognitive deficit in patients with paranoid schizophrenia]. Kabanov, SO; Mosolov, SN, 2004)	0.58
"00625 mg/kg) with scopolamine shifted the dose-response curve for CLZ-appropriate responding to the left."	( Discriminative stimulus properties of the atypical antipsychotic clozapine and the typical antipsychotic chlorpromazine in a three-choice drug discrimination procedure in rats. Porter, JH; Prus, AJ; Vann, RE; Varvel, SA, 2005)	0.33
" These results suggest that the rhythmicity of clock genes in SCN may be disturbed depending on the dosing time of Hal."	( Effect of haloperidol on mPer1 gene expression in mouse suprachiasmatic nuclei. Higuchi, S; Matsunaga, N; Ohdo, S; To, H; Viyoch, J; Yoshida, M, 2005)	0.73
" Antipsychotic-induced laryngeal dystonia has been reported predominantly in young males, but does not correlate to the dosage or the category of the drug."	( Antipsychotic drug-induced acute laryngeal dystonia: two case reports and a mini review. Christodoulou, C; Kalaitzi, C, 2005)	0.33
" Clinicians were instructed to target dosing at 500 mg/day of quetiapine or 200 mg of haloperidol decanoate every 4 weeks."	( Long-term maintenance therapy with quetiapine versus haloperidol decanoate in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Glick, ID; Marder, SR, 2005)	0.8
" Carbamazepine at a dosage of 800 mg daily was the most effective medication used."	( Auditory hallucinations after right temporal gyri resection. Brennan, DM; Stewart, B, 2005)	0.33
" Initially, we established a dose-response relationship for the acute and chronic haloperidol and DOI-induced HTR."	( Effects of donepezil, nicotine and haloperidol on the central serotonergic system in mice: implications for Tourette's syndrome. Hayslett, RL; Tizabi, Y, 2005)	0.83
" According to response, dosage was then adjusted to a maximum dosage of 20 mg daily of either drug."	( Treatment response to olanzapine and haloperidol and its association with dopamine D receptor occupancy in first-episode psychosis. Christensen, BK; Daskalakis, Z; Epstein, I; Furimsky, I; Kapur, S; Roy, P; Sanger, T; Zipursky, RB, 2005)	0.6
" When patients were rescanned following dosage adjustment, mean D2 receptor occupancies were greater than 70% in both groups."	( Treatment response to olanzapine and haloperidol and its association with dopamine D receptor occupancy in first-episode psychosis. Christensen, BK; Daskalakis, Z; Epstein, I; Furimsky, I; Kapur, S; Roy, P; Sanger, T; Zipursky, RB, 2005)	0.6
" Therefore, despite the potential for conversion to a hydrochloride salt form, certain nonhydrochloride salt forms may still be preferred for dosage form development due to kinetic advantages during dissolution, such as higher apparent dissolution rate of a nonhydrochloride salt before it could completely convert to the hydrochloride form."	( Effect of chloride ion on dissolution of different salt forms of haloperidol, a model basic drug. Doyle, P; Li, S; Metz, S; Royce, AE; Serajuddin, AT, 2005)	0.57
"Patients (n=302) with bipolar I disorder (manic episode) were randomised to 12 weeks' double-blind treatment with quetiapine (flexibly dosed up to 800 mg/day), placebo, or haloperidol (up to 8 mg/day)."	( Quetiapine or haloperidol as monotherapy for bipolar mania--a 12-week, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial. Brecher, M; Huizar, K; McIntyre, RS; Mullen, J; Paulsson, B, 2005)	0.88
" Patients were initiated with quetiapine to 400 mg/day over 7 days, and then flexibly dosed (300-750 mg/day) for 11 weeks."	( Efficacy and tolerability of quetiapine in patients with schizophrenia who switched from haloperidol, olanzapine or risperidone. Altman, C; de Nayer, A; Jones, AM; Larmo, I; Lindenbauer, B; Platz, T; Rittmannsberger, H; Windhager, E, 2005)	0.55
" Some key representatives showed potent pharmacological in vivo activities after oral dosing in both the antagonism of apomorphine-induced climbing and the potentiation of 5-HTP-induced behavior in mice."	( Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and biological properties of 1-heteroaryl-4-[omega-(1H-indol-3-yl)alkyl]piperazines, novel potential antipsychotics combining potent dopamine D2 receptor antagonism with potent serotonin reuptake inhibition. Coolen, HK; de Moes, JP; den Hartog, AP; Herremans, AH; Hesselink, MB; Keizer, HG; Kruse, CG; McCreary, AC; Niemann, LC; Plekkenpol, RH; Smid, P; Stork, B; Stroomer, CN; Tulp, MT; van Hes, R; van Stuivenberg, HH, 2005)	0.33
" (3) Five double-blind placebo-controlled trials lasting 4 to 6 weeks showed that aripiprazole was a little more effective than placebo at daily doses of 10 mg to 30 mg, without a clear dose-response relationship."	( Aripiprazole: new drug. Just another neuroleptic. , 2005)	0.33
" Previously, the authors demonstrated the significant dose-response relationship between abnormal liver function tests and DMF exposure and the interaction with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Taiwanese workers."	( Abnormal liver function associated with occupational exposure to dimethylformamide and glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms. Chang, MJ; Cheng, TJ; Kuo, HW; Luo, JC, )	0.13
" Results of the sensitivity analysis confirmed that the results were robust to a wide variation of different input variables (effectiveness, dosing distribution, patient status according to healthcare system)."	( Long-acting risperidone compared with oral olanzapine and haloperidol depot in schizophrenia: a Belgian cost-effectiveness analysis. Caleo, S; De Graeve, D; Lecompte, D; Mehnert, A; Miadi-Fargier, H; Mosqueda, GJ; Peuskens, J; Smet, A, 2005)	0.57
" In addition the home cage behaviour of mice administered with the dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) using an acute dosing regimen was also investigated."	( Further validation of LABORAS using various dopaminergic manipulations in mice including MPTP-induced nigro-striatal degeneration. Billinton, A; Brown, M; Chapman, H; Quinn, LP; Stean, TO; Upton, N; Vidgeon-Hart, M; Virley, DJ, 2006)	0.33
"The authors conducted a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of flexibly dosed quetiapine and haloperidol."	( Quetiapine treatment of psychosis associated with dementia: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Copenhaver, M; Katz, IR; Mintzer, JE; Schneider, L; Street, J; Tariot, PN; Williams-Hughes, C, 2006)	0.54
" Therefore, if flupentixol's efficacy on negative symptoms is based on its interaction with 5-HT(2A) and/or D(1) receptors, it should be highly dependent on serum concentration and thus on dosage and metabolism."	( Occupancy of dopamine D(1), D (2) and serotonin (2A) receptors in schizophrenic patients treated with flupentixol in comparison with risperidone and haloperidol. Bares, R; Bartels, M; Beneke, M; Glaser, T; Machulla, HJ; Noda, S; Reimold, M; Schaefer, JE; Solbach, C; Wormstall, H, 2007)	0.54
" When given in combination with cocaine, CJB 090 but not NGB 2904 attenuated the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine, shifting the cocaine dose-response curve to the right."	( Effects of two novel D3-selective compounds, NGB 2904 [N-(4-(4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-9H-fluorene-2-carboxamide] and CJB 090 [N-(4-(4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)benzamide], on the reinforcing and discrimin Claytor, R; Martelle, JL; Nader, MA; Newman, AH; Reboussin, BA; Ross, JT, 2007)	0.34
"There is no evidence that haloperidol in low dosage has different efficacy in comparison with the atypical antipsychotics olanzapine and risperidone in the management of delirium or has a greater frequency of adverse drug effects than these drugs."	( Antipsychotics for delirium. Britton, AM; Lonergan, E; Luxenberg, J; Wyller, T, 2007)	0.64
" However, its duration is not necessarily correlated with drug plasma levels, on which clinical dosing regimens are often based."	( F15063, a potential antipsychotic with dopamine D(2)/D(3) antagonist, 5-HT(1A) agonist and D(4) partial agonist properties: (IV) duration of brain D2-like receptor occupancy and antipsychotic-like activity versus plasma concentration in mice. Assié, MB; Auclair, A; Bardin, L; Consul-Denjean, N; Depoortère, R; Newman-Tancredi, A; Sautel, F, 2007)	0.34
"5 and 24 h after the last dosage of chronic treatment (30 days), with haloperidol plus fluvoxamine, each drug alone, and clozapine."	( Dopamine and serotonin metabolism in response to chronic administration of fluvoxamine and haloperidol combined treatment. Chertkow, Y; Silver, H; Weinreb, O; Youdim, MB, 2007)	0.79
" Haloperidol dose was fixed; aripiprazole was dosed at 15 mg/day for the first 4 weeks, then 30 mg/day for the following 4 weeks."	( Adjunctive treatment with a dopamine partial agonist, aripiprazole, for antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia: a placebo-controlled trial. Conley, RR; Jung, DU; Kelly, DL; Liu, KH; Seo, YS; Shim, JC; Shin, JG; Shon, JH, 2007)	1.25
" Subsequently, in order to determine whether tolerance to the activity suppressive effects of these drugs would occur in adolescents, PN40 rats were dosed and assessed for an additional nine days."	( Antipsychotic-induced suppression of locomotion in juvenile, adolescent and adult rats. Wiley, JL, 2008)	0.35
" We treated catatonic symptoms with drugs within the upper limit of dosage and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to determine the maximal response."	( Maximal response to electroconvulsive therapy for the treatment of catatonic symptoms. Arai, H; Hatta, K; Miyakawa, K; Nakamura, H; Ota, T; Usui, C, 2007)	0.34
" In treated patients, no correlation was found between NSS and daily dosage or duration of exposure of neuroleptic treatment, extrapyramidal symptoms and level of CGI-improvement."	( [Neuroleptic treatment and neurological soft signs in schizophrenic patients]. Chebel, S; Gaha, L; Mandhouj, O; Mechri, A; Slama, H, )	0.13
" The contradiction between our results and those of several previous studies may be due to the fixed plasma level dosing of imipramine refraining from concurrent psychotropic medication or limiting our patient sample to patients with mood-congruent psychotic features."	( Efficacy of imipramine in psychotic versus nonpsychotic depression. Birkenhager, TK; Bruijn, JA; Moleman, P; Mulder, PG; van den Broek, WW, 2008)	0.35
" Haloperidol (mean dosage 4,1 mg daily) was administered to 17 patients and trifluoperazine (mean dosage 7,1 mg daily) to 14 patients."	( [Prescription of traditional neuroleptics in the remission period for schizophrenic patients with excess of body mass caused by atypical antipsychotics]. Danilov, DS; Tiul'pin, IuG, 2007)	1.25
" Neuroleptic drugs can produce severe side effects and need careful dosage and monitoring."	( [Delusion in the critical patient]. Palencia-Herrejón, E; Romera, MA; Silva, JA, 2008)	0.35
"Age, body mass index (BMI), illness duration, drug type and dosage were considered as covariates when analysing association with genetic variants as they were associated with baseline or final BPRS and CGI scores and/or extrapyramidal side effects."	( Acute antipyschotic efficacy and side effects in schizophrenia: association with serotonin transporter promoter genotypes. Dolzan, V; Kastelic, M; Koprivsek, J; Mandelli, L; Plesnicar, BK; Serretti, A, 2008)	0.35
" Treatment was at the psychiatrist's discretion, including flexible dosing and use of concomitant therapies and medications, with assessments at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months."	( Long-term antipsychotic monotherapy for schizophrenia: disease burden and comparative outcomes for patients treated with olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, or haloperidol monotherapy in a pan-continental observational study. Anders, M; Dossenbach, M; Irimia, V; Kotler, M; Logozar-Perkovic, D; Lowry, AJ; Pecenak, J; Peciukaitiene, D; Smulevich, AB; Szulc, A; Treuer, T; West, TM, 2008)	0.54
" Here, we examined the effects of acute and repeated dosing with two antipsychotics, haloperidol and clozapine, and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol [Experiments 1 and 2, respectively] in adolescent rats of both sexes that differed in shipping status (i."	( To breed or not to breed? Empirical evaluation of drug effects in adolescent rats. Evans, RL; Wiley, JL, 2009)	0.58
"Community dwelling patients with schizophrenia were randomized to treatment with haloperidol (n=47) or ziprasidone dosed either once or twice daily (n=139)."	( Reduction of functional disability with atypical antipsychotic treatment: a randomized long term comparison of ziprasidone and haloperidol. Harvey, PD; Kremer, CM; Lombardo, I; Pappadopulos, E, 2009)	0.79
" The preferred switch strategy was immediate discontinuation, and the preferred dosing regimen was 120 mg/day."	( Efficacy and tolerability of switching to ziprasidone from olanzapine, risperidone or haloperidol: an international, multicenter study. Akkaya, C; Alptekin, K; Brook, S; Danaci, AE; El Tallawy, H; Hafez, J; Karayal, ON; Lowe, W; Tzebelikos, E; Ucok, A, 2009)	0.58
" Piglets subjected to hypoxia followed by asphyxic cardiac arrest were treated with saline or two dosing regimens of PPBP after resuscitation."	( Sigma receptor ligand 4-phenyl-1-(4-phenylbutyl)-piperidine modulates neuronal nitric oxide synthase/postsynaptic density-95 coupling mechanisms and protects against neonatal ischemic degeneration of striatal neurons. Carter, EL; Koehler, RC; Martin, LJ; Torbey, MT; Yang, ZJ, 2010)	0.36
"The definition of the best combination of "when" and "how much" of haloperidol dosing during acute psychotic illness still represents a challenge."	( Interaction of haloperidol plasma level and antipsychotic effect in early phases of acute psychosis treatment. Drago, A; Giegling, I; Möller, HJ; Rujescu, D; Schäfer, M; Serretti, A, 2010)	0.95
" The AMPH-suppressed SIP manifested again following 5-days of pretreatment with a sub-threshold dosage of AMPH (1."	( Role of dopaminergic DAD1 and DAD2 receptors in the sensitization of amphetamine-suppressed schedule-induced polydipsia in rats. Lin, PJ; Liu, YP; Tseng, CJ; Tung, CS; Wan, FJ, 2009)	0.35
" Limited information is available regarding the dosage requirements and efficacy of neuroleptics in the palliative care setting."	( Neuroleptic dose in the management of delirium in patients with advanced cancer. Bruera, E; Bush, SH; Gallo, LE; Hui, D; Palmer, JL; Yennurajalingam, S, 2010)	0.36
" In order to provide a dosing comparison to a therapeutically relevant endpoint, both drugs were tested against amphetamine-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition as well."	( Disruption of conditioned reward association by typical and atypical antipsychotics. Danna, CL; Elmer, GI, 2010)	0.36
" Further investigations are warranted to identify patient characteristics and antipsychotic dosage regimens that are not associated with a greater risk of mortality in elderly patients with dementia."	( Are all commonly prescribed antipsychotics associated with greater mortality in elderly male veterans with dementia? Dysken, MW; Lederle, FA; Rector, TS; Rossom, RC, 2010)	0.36
" Melatonin, a free radical scavenger, blocks tau hyperphosphorylation, and microtubule disorganization caused by haloperidol in a dose-response mode."	( Haloperidol causes cytoskeletal collapse in N1E-115 cells through tau hyperphosphorylation induced by oxidative stress: Implications for neurodevelopment. Benítez-King, G; Jiménez-Rubio, G; Ortíz-López, L; Ramírez-Rodríguez, G, 2010)	2.01
" However, excessive dosing of the antipsychotic medications, in particular haloperidol, may have played an important role in accounting for the differences between aripiprazole and haloperidol in this study."	( Aripiprazole versus haloperidol treatment in early-stage schizophrenia. Girgis, RR; Lieberman, JA; Merrill, DB; Pikalov, A; Vorel, SR; Whitehead, R; You, M, 2011)	0.92
" We found substantial differences in baseline characteristics of subjects, administered dosage and disease severity in India compared to the USA and Russia."	( Impact of geographical and cultural factors on clinical trials in acute mania: lessons from a ziprasidone and haloperidol placebo-controlled study. Lombardo, I; Mandel, FS; Pappadopulos, E; Vieta, E, 2011)	0.58
" We proposed a systematic classification scheme using FDA-approved drug labeling to assess the DILI potential of drugs, which yielded a benchmark dataset with 287 drugs representing a wide range of therapeutic categories and daily dosage amounts."	( FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury. Chen, M; Fang, H; Liu, Z; Shi, Q; Tong, W; Vijay, V, 2011)	0.37
" This review provides an overview of haloperidol pharmacokinetics and a comprehensive summary of the evidence for various haloperidol dosing regimens in the treatment of delirium in critically-ill patients."	( Haloperidol dosing strategies in the treatment of delirium in the critically ill. Ensom, MH; Loh, GW; Mabasa, VH; Wang, EH, 2012)	2.09
" Administration and dosage of Trihexiphenidil (THF) was recorded."	( First generation antipsychotics switch with Risperidone in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients. Popović, I; Popović, V; Ravanić, D; Stanojević, A; Stojanović, M; Vladejić, S, 2011)	0.37
" The FGA group demonstrated that extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) worsened under an increased dosage of anti-EPS drugs."	( Risperidone and olanzapine versus another first generation antipsychotic in patients with schizophrenia inadequately responsive to first generation antipsychotics. Chan, HY; Chen, CH; Chen, JJ; Gau, SS; Hwu, HG, 2012)	0.38
" Iloperidone 4-8, 10-16, and 20-24 mg/day (all dosed twice daily) were compared with placebo."	( Efficacy of iloperidone in the short-term treatment of schizophrenia: a post hoc analysis of pooled patient data from four phase III, placebo- and active-controlled trials. Citrome, L; Hochfeld, M; Meng, X; Stahl, SM, 2012)	0.38
" Propensity-stratified and propensity-weighted models as well as analyses controlling for site of care and medication dosage revealed similar patterns."	( Risk of mortality among individual antipsychotics in patients with dementia. Blow, FC; Chiang, C; Cunningham, F; Kales, HC; Kim, HM; Schneider, LS; Seyfried, LS; Valenstein, M; Zivin, K, 2012)	0.38
"Rodent models offer a tractable system to test this hypothesis, and we therefore examined the effect of chronic treatment (8 weeks) and subsequent withdrawal (8 weeks) with clinically relevant dosing of an antipsychotic (haloperidol, HAL) or lithium (Li) on brain volume using longitudinal in vivo structural MRI and confirmed the findings postmortem using unbiased stereology."	( Contrasting effects of haloperidol and lithium on rodent brain structure: a magnetic resonance imaging study with postmortem confirmation. Cooper, JD; Crum, WR; Kapur, S; Modo, M; Natesan, S; Vernon, AC; Williams, SC, 2012)	0.87
" There was a dose-response relation for all drugs except quetiapine."	( Differential risk of death in older residents in nursing homes prescribed specific antipsychotic drugs: population based cohort study. Avorn, J; Crystal, S; Gerhard, T; Huybrechts, KF; Levin, R; Lucas, JA; Olfson, M; Schneeweiss, S, 2012)	0.38
" A therapeutic dosage (0."	( The blood concentration and organ distribution of haloperidol at therapeutic and toxic doses in severe fatty liver disease. Ikemura, M; Inoue, H; Nakagawa, Y; Nata, M; Shinone, K, 2012)	0.63
" The aim of the present study was to analyze on a single case basis the relationship between a sudden increase in suicidality, anxiety symptoms, medication dosing and clinician- and patient-rated akathisia."	( The relationship of Akathisia with treatment emergent suicidality among patients with first-episode schizophrenia treated with haloperidol or risperidone. Bauer, M; Doucette, S; Lewitzka, U; Meyer, S; Möller, HJ; Musil, R; Riedel, M; Schennach, R; Seemüller, F, 2012)	0.58
" Further study is needed to determine whether these results concerning mechanism and dosage can be the basis for prevention of the development of CIS in at risk populations."	( Prevention of the phencyclidine-induced impairment in novel object recognition in female rats by co-administration of lurasidone or tandospirone, a 5-HT(1A) partial agonist. Adelekun, AE; Hannaway, KE; Horiguchi, M; Jayathilake, K; Meltzer, HY, 2012)	0.38
" The RLAI group needed a lower dosage of biperiden compared with the control group, even though they had similar risperidone-equivalent daily dosages."	( The influence of switching from haloperidol decanoate depot to risperidone long-acting injection on the clinical symptoms and cognitive function in schizophrenia. Gen, K; Suzuki, H, 2012)	0.66
" A lower dosage (0,1 mg/kg) of haloperidol did not affect the results of the research."	( [Effect of haloperidol on changes in development of spontaneous catalepsy during subchronic injections of dopamine agonists and antagonists]. Kozlovskiĭ, VL, )	0.81
"All trials were industry supported, with some variability in dosage of haloperidol."	( Lower rate of depressive switch following antimanic treatment with second-generation antipsychotics versus haloperidol. Capapey, J; Colom, F; Goikolea, JM; Grande, I; Sanchez-Moreno, J; Torres, I; Undurraga, J; Valentí, M; Vieta, E, 2013)	0.84
" Pharmacokinetics and binding potential to D(2) receptor in putamen and caudate nucleus over time were analyzed using NONMEM, and simulations for the profiles of D2RO over time on various regimens of haloperidol were conducted to find the optimal dosing regimens."	( Exploration of optimal dosing regimens of haloperidol, a D2 Antagonist, via modeling and simulation analysis in a D2 receptor occupancy study. Jang, IJ; Jin, SJ; Kim, S; Kim, SE; Kim, SJ; Lee, BC; Lim, HS; Noh, YH; Park, HS, 2013)	0.84
"This study showed that sparse D2RO measurements in steady state pharmacodynamic design after multiple dosing could reveal the possibility of treatment effect of D(2) antagonist, and could identify the potential optimal doses for later clinical studies by modeling and simulation."	( Exploration of optimal dosing regimens of haloperidol, a D2 Antagonist, via modeling and simulation analysis in a D2 receptor occupancy study. Jang, IJ; Jin, SJ; Kim, S; Kim, SE; Kim, SJ; Lee, BC; Lim, HS; Noh, YH; Park, HS, 2013)	0.65
"In order to assess whether caffeine and theophylline have the same potency and efficacy to reverse the impairment of motor function caused by acute or chronic interruption of striatal dopamine transmission, a comparison of their dose-response relationship was made in the acute model of haloperidol-induced catalepsy, and the chronic model of unilateral lesion of the dopamine nigrostriatal pathway with 6-hydroxydopamine."	( Caffeine has greater potency and efficacy than theophylline to reverse the motor impairment caused by chronic but not acute interruption of striatal dopaminergic transmission in rats. Acuña-Lizama, MM; Alvarez-Cervera, FJ; Bata-García, JL; Góngora-Alfaro, JL, 2013)	0.57
"9% of the total antipsychotic dosage on average."	( Ten year outcomes of outpatients with schizophrenia on conventional depot antipsychotics: a systematic chart review. Den, R; Mimura, M; Sakurai, H; Suzuki, T; Tsutsumi, C; Uchida, H; Uchida, T, 2013)	0.39
" To test this hypothesis in a rodent model, the A2A receptor antagonists SCH 412348 (3 mg/kg), vipadenant (10 mg/kg), caffeine (30 mg/kg), or istradefylline (3 mg/kg) were chronically (19-22 days) administered to Sprague Dawley rats, and dyskinetic behaviors were scored across this chronic dosing paradigm."	( A2A receptor antagonists do not induce dyskinesias in drug-naive or L-dopa sensitized rats. Bleickardt, C; Hodgson, R; Jones, N; Mullins, D; Parker, E, 2013)	0.39
"To determine the dosing patterns and total doses of fentanyl, lorazepam, and haloperidol according to nursing shift in a cohort of older patients in a medical intensive care unit."	( Patterns of opiate, benzodiazepine, and antipsychotic drug dosing in older patients in a medical intensive care unit. Akgün, KM; Araujo, KL; Bramley, K; Murphy, TE; Pisani, MA; Vest, MT, 2013)	0.62
" Although dosing with fentanyl did not differ according to shift, doses of both lorazepam and haloperidol were higher during the evening shifts (4 pm to midnight) than during the day or night shifts."	( Patterns of opiate, benzodiazepine, and antipsychotic drug dosing in older patients in a medical intensive care unit. Akgün, KM; Araujo, KL; Bramley, K; Murphy, TE; Pisani, MA; Vest, MT, 2013)	0.61
" Subsequently, the developed model was utilized to characterize an effective dosing strategy for using haloperidol as a comparator drug in future antipsychotic drug trials."	( Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of haloperidol in patients with schizophrenia using positive and negative syndrome rating scale. Danhof, M; de Greef, R; Groothuis, GM; Johnson, M; Kozielska, M; Liu, J; Mafirakureva, N; Pilla Reddy, V; Proost, JH; Rujescu, D; Vermeulen, A, 2013)	0.85
" In case of delirium, a checklist to eliminate precipitating/ inducing factors and a protocol for standardized dosing with haloperidol was applied."	( Effects of a screening and treatment protocol with haloperidol on post-cardiotomy delirium: a prospective cohort study. Balslev Jørgensen, M; Kirkegaard, T; Lind Jørgensen, V; Schrøder Pedersen, S, 2014)	0.86
" Microinjection of the preferential D(3) agonist 7-hydroxy-N,N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) into lobe 9 of the cerebellum significantly reduced spontaneous locomotor activity with a U-shaped dose-response curve."	( Role of cerebellar dopamine D(3) receptors in modulating exploratory locomotion and cataleptogenicity in rats. Andatsu, S; Kizu, T; Miyoshi, S; Ohno, Y; Sato, M; Shimizu, S; Sugiuchi, T; Tatara, A, 2014)	0.4
" Dosing schedules are derived from expert opinion and various clinical practice guidelines as evidence-based data from palliative care settings are limited."	( Treating an established episode of delirium in palliative care: expert opinion and review of the current evidence base with recommendations for future development. Breitbart, W; Bruera, E; Bush, SH; Currow, DC; Davis, DHJ; Gagnon, B; Gagnon, PR; Hartwick, M; Kanji, S; Lawlor, PG; Meagher, D; Pereira, JL; Rabheru, K; Regnier, L; Wright, D, 2014)	0.4
" In order to test the hypothesis that the differential blockade of the muscarinic receptor subtypes would influence their potency and efficacy to prevent EPS, here we tested four anticholinergics with varying order of affinities for the muscarinic receptor subtypes, and compared their dose-response curves to inhibit haloperidol-induced catalepsy in male rats."	( The potency and efficacy of anticholinergics to inhibit haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats correlates with their rank order of affinities for the muscarinic receptor subtypes. Alvarez-Cervera, FJ; Bata-García, JL; Erosa-Rivero, HB; Góngora-Alfaro, JL; Heredia-López, FJ, 2014)	0.82
" Renal dosing for topiramate, reduction in PIMs/anticholinergic burden, and substituting haloperidol for olanzapine resolved his violent behavior and CD."	( Capgras delusion with violent behavior in Alzheimer dementia: case analysis with literature review. Dawood, A; Kaufman, KR; Newman, NB, 2014)	0.62
"Animal work on the behavioral effects of antipsychotic treatment suggests that different dosing regimens could affect drug sensitivity differently, with an intermittent treatment regimen tending to cause a sensitization effect, while a continuous treatment causing a tolerance."	( Differential effects of intermittent versus continuous haloperidol treatment throughout adolescence on haloperidol sensitization and social behavior in adulthood. Gao, J; Li, M, 2014)	0.65
" To address this question we have investigated the cytological and functional effects of four APs: chlorpromazine (CLP), haloperidol (HAL), risperidone (RIS) and clozapine (CLZ), at concentrations typical of high therapeutic dosage on a human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) model of the BBB."	( Adverse effects of antipsychotics on micro-vascular endothelial cells of the human blood-brain barrier. Elmorsy, E; Elsheikha, HM; Elzalabany, LM; Smith, PA, 2014)	0.61
" For 80 patients treated with sodium valproate, the mean ± SD dosage was 1541."	( Efficacy and safety of valproic acid versus haloperidol in patients with acute agitation: results of a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Asadollahi, S; Azadbakht, A; Hatamabadi, H; Heidari, K; Mirmohseni, L; Vafaee, R; Yunesian, S, 2015)	0.68
" It is a major determinant of half-life and dosing frequency of a drug."	( Volume of Distribution in Drug Design. Beaumont, K; Di, L; Maurer, TS; Smith, DA, 2015)	0.42
"5 mg/kg) or MP-10 (3-30 mg/kg) did not produce cataleptic behavior when dosed alone, but co-administration of haloperidol with MP-10 (3 and 10 mg/kg) induced cataleptic behaviors."	( The PDE10A inhibitor MP-10 and haloperidol produce distinct gene expression profiles in the striatum and influence cataleptic behavior in rodents. Gentzel, RC; Hershey, J; Kandebo, M; Koser, AJ; Renger, JJ; Roberts, R; Smith, SM; Toolan, D; Uslaner, J, 2015)	0.91
" However, precise dose-response studies have not been completed, especially in patients at high risk for PONV who require combination therapy."	( Haloperidol dose combined with dexamethasone for PONV prophylaxis in high-risk patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, dose-response and placebo-controlled study. Baek, J; Joo, J; Moon, YE; Park, YG, 2015)	1.86
"To study the impact of different semi-solid dosage form components on the leaching of Bisphenol A (BPA) and Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) from the epoxy resin-based inner lacquer of aluminium tubes, the tubes were filled with different matrix preparations and stored at an elevated temperature."	( Matrix effect on leaching of Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) from epoxy resin based inner lacquer of aluminium tubes into semi-solid dosage forms. Haverkamp, JB; Lipke, U; Lipperheide, C; Zapf, T, 2016)	0.43
" To improve the quality of life of these patients, more knowledge and more pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics studies in terminally ill patients are needed to develop individualised dosing guidelines."	( Pharmacokinetic considerations and recommendations in palliative care, with focus on morphine, midazolam and haloperidol. Baar, FP; de Winter, BC; Franken, LG; Koch, BC; Mathôt, RA; Tibboel, D; van Esch, HJ; van Gelder, T; van Zuylen, L, 2016)	0.65
"2 mg/kg/rat dosage of haloperidol provided orally to rats for 2 weeks enhanced vacuous chewing movements that escalated when the process proceeded for 5 weeks."	( Co-treatment with imipramine averted haloperidol-instigated tardive dyskinesia: Association with serotonin in brain regions. Haleem, DJ; Samad, N; Yasmin, F, 2016)	1.02
" The haloperidol content in the finished dosage forms were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)."	( Visualization and Non-Destructive Quantification of Inkjet-Printed Pharmaceuticals on Different Substrates Using Raman Spectroscopy and Raman Chemical Imaging. Bar-Shalom, D; Edinger, M; Genina, N; Rantanen, J, 2017)	0.97
" We therefore designed a population pharmacokinetic study to gain more insight into the pharmacokinetics of haloperidol in terminally ill patients and to find clinically relevant covariates that may be used in developing an individualised dosing regimen."	( Population pharmacokinetics of haloperidol in terminally ill adult patients. Baar, FPM; de Winter, BCM; Franken, LG; Koch, BCP; Masman, AD; Mathot, RAA; Tibboel, D; van Gelder, T, 2017)	0.95
" Anesthetized adult female and male rats received either a controlled cortical impact (CCI) or sham injury and then were randomly assigned to a dosing regimen of HAL (0."	( Comparable impediment of cognitive function in female and male rats subsequent to daily administration of haloperidol after traumatic brain injury. Bondi, CO; de la Tremblaye, PB; Free, KE; Greene, AM; Kline, AE; Lajud, N, 2017)	0.67
"Clinical studies that focused on treating schizophrenia showed that Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS), a substitute of Calculus Bovis, when used in combination with haloperidol could significantly lower the dosage of haloperidol compared with treatment with haloperidol alone, whereas efficacy was maintained."	( Investigation of the synergistic effects of haloperidol combined with Calculus Bovis Sativus in treating MK-801-induced schizophrenia in rats. He, GF; He, GZ; Lei, K; Li, J; Li, XP; Liu, D; Liu, YN; Ren, XH; Zhang, CL, 2018)	0.94
"As delirium in critically ill children is increasingly recognized, more children are treated with the antipsychotic drug haloperidol, while current dosing guidelines are lacking solid evidence and appear to be associated with a high risk of adverse events."	( Monitoring Haloperidol Plasma Concentration and Associated Adverse Events in Critically Ill Children With Delirium: First Results of a Clinical Protocol Aimed to Monitor Efficacy and Safety. de Wildt, SN; Ista, E; Jessurun, N; Slooff, VD; Tibboel, D; van Beusekom, BS; van den Dungen, DK, 2018)	1.08
" These data demonstrate that hydrolysis greatly improves the sensitivity and consistency of results for patients on haloperidol therapy resulting in positivity data that strongly correlates with the dosage form administered."	( Impact of β-Glucuronidase Mediated Hydrolysis on Haldol® Urinalysis. Cummings, OT; Enders, JR; McIntire, G; Strickland, EC, 2018)	0.69
" The duration of each adequate antipsychotic treatment at an optimal dosage was 4 weeks or more."	( Predictors of remission during acute treatment of first-episode schizophrenia patients involuntarily hospitalized and treated with algorithm-based pharmacotherapy: Secondary analysis of an observational study. Sakamoto, S; Sato, K; Takaki, M; Yamada, N; Yoshimura, B, 2019)	0.51
" There were no differences in first-line antipsychotics, dosage of antipsychotics at time of response and adherence rates to algorithm-based pharmacotherapy between remitters and non-remitters."	( Predictors of remission during acute treatment of first-episode schizophrenia patients involuntarily hospitalized and treated with algorithm-based pharmacotherapy: Secondary analysis of an observational study. Sakamoto, S; Sato, K; Takaki, M; Yamada, N; Yoshimura, B, 2019)	0.51
" CYP1A2 genotyping may have no clinical implications for personalized dosing of CYP1A2-metabolized antipsychotic drugs."	( Impact of CYP1A2 genetic polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics of antipsychotic drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hanprasertpong, N; Koonrungsesomboon, N; Na Takuathung, M; Teekachunhatean, S, 2019)	0.51
"This study demonstrates a lower intubation rate in patients administered ketamine than prior literature in association with a lower weight-based dosing regimen."	( Outcomes of Prehospital Chemical Sedation With Ketamine Versus Haloperidol and Benzodiazepine or Physical Restraint Only. Castellana, A; Gross, K; O'Connor, L; O'Connor, MJ; Rebesco, M; Restuccia, M; Robinson, C, )	0.37
" One of the heads is an extruder head of thermoplastic Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) and the other is a dosing head, based on the Robocasting technique, designed to be assembled on the 3D printer."	( Novel Technique Based on Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) and Robocasting to Create Composite Medical Parts. D'Amato, R; Haro, FB; Juanes, JA; Marcos, MI; Ramírez, AS, 2019)	0.51
"The dose-response relationships of antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia are not well defined, but such information would be important for decision making by clinicians."	( Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Antipsychotic Drugs for Acute Schizophrenia. Crippa, A; Davis, JM; Leucht, S; Orsini, N; Patel, MX; Siafis, S, 2020)	0.56
" Dose-response curves were constructed with random-effects dose-response meta-analyses and a spline model."	( Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Antipsychotic Drugs for Acute Schizophrenia. Crippa, A; Davis, JM; Leucht, S; Orsini, N; Patel, MX; Siafis, S, 2020)	0.56
" For some drugs, higher than currently licensed doses might be tested in further trials, because their dose-response curves did not plateau."	( Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Antipsychotic Drugs for Acute Schizophrenia. Crippa, A; Davis, JM; Leucht, S; Orsini, N; Patel, MX; Siafis, S, 2020)	0.56
" To evaluate the protocol, brain sections from mice dosed intraperitoneally with donepezil, tacrine, clozapine, haloperidol, and aripiprazole were used."	( Development of an Integrated Tissue Pretreatment Protocol for Enhanced MALDI MS Imaging of Drug Distribution in the Brain. Chen, Y; Gordon, A; Li, B; Tang, W, 2020)	0.77
"We investigated whether 50-kHz USV playback ameliorates psychomotor deficits induced by haloperidol in a sub-chronic dosing regimen."	( Playback of 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations overcomes psychomotor deficits induced by sub-chronic haloperidol treatment in rats. Melo-Thomas, L; Müller, CP; Schwarting, RKW; Tonelli, LC; Wöhr, M, 2020)	1
" Dosing recommendations however are often based on strategies used in patients with normal body habitus."	( Drug dosing in the critically ill obese patient-a focus on sedation, analgesia, and delirium. Barletta, JF; Erstad, BL, 2020)	0.56
"Haloperidol at high dosage is associated with QTc prolongation and polymorphic ventricular arrhythmia but the effects of low-dose haloperidol remain unknown."	( Should we still monitor QTc duration in frail older patients on low-dose haloperidol? A prospective observational cohort study. Bordachar, P; Castro, E; Hazebroek, M; Körver, F; Merry, A; Ploux, S; Prinzen, F; Sipers, W; Smid, M; Strik, M; van Moorsel, F, 2020)	2.23
" Dosing strategies, discontinuation considerations, and side effects are discussed."	( The Psychopharmacology Algorithm Project at the Harvard South Shore Program: An update on management of behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia. Chen, A; Cloutier, A; Copeli, F; Metzger, E; Osser, DN, 2021)	0.62
" Risperidone has weight-based dosing and a liquid dosage form available, making it a good option for use in the NICU."	( Delirium in the NICU: Risk or Reality? Liviskie, C; McPherson, C, 2021)	0.62
" Olanzapine dosing was increased to 10 mg daily on hospital day 34 and 15 mg daily on hospital day 45."	( Extrapyramidal Symptoms Induced by Treatment for Delirium: A Case Report. Rose, MQ; Santos, CD, 2021)	0.62
" The effects of degree of lignin depolymerization, chemical composition of lignin oligomers and dosage of ECGE on thermal and mechanical properties of the cured products were investigated."	( Preparation and properties of novel bio-based epoxy resin thermosets from lignin oligomers and cardanol. Chu, F; Huo, S; Jin, C; Kong, Z; Liu, G, 2021)	0.62
" No significant differences were found in the rate of violent behavior and antipsychotic dosage at discharge."	( Olanzapine intramuscular shows better efficacy than zuclopenthixol acetate intramuscular in reducing the need for restraint, but not in comparison to haloperidol intramuscular. Bloemhof-Bris, E; Shelef, A; Sinai, O; Stryjer, R; Weizman, S, 2022)	0.92
" Mean endpoint LAI dosage was 65."	( An interventional pilot of customized adherence enhancement combined with long-acting injectable antipsychotic medication (CAE-L) for poorly adherent patients with chronic psychotic disorder in Tanzania. Blixen, CE; Burant, CJ; Cassidy, KA; Kaaya, S; Lema, I; Levin, JB; Madundo, K; Magwiza, C; Mbwambo, J; Njiro, G; Sajatovic, M, 2022)	0.72
" We aimed to fill this gap with a dose-response meta-analysis."	( Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Davis, JM; Hamza, T; Leucht, S; Salanti, G; Schneider-Thoma, J; Siafis, S; Wu, H, 2022)	0.72
" We estimated the dose-response curves by conducting random-effects dose-response meta-analyses."	( Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Davis, JM; Hamza, T; Leucht, S; Salanti, G; Schneider-Thoma, J; Siafis, S; Wu, H, 2022)	0.72
" For most drugs, dose-response curves showed an initial dose-related increase in weight which plateaued at higher doses, while for others there was no plateau and some even had bell-shaped curves, meaning less weight gain to be associated with higher doses."	( Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Davis, JM; Hamza, T; Leucht, S; Salanti, G; Schneider-Thoma, J; Siafis, S; Wu, H, 2022)	0.72
"Second-generation antipsychotics do not only differ in their propensity to produce weight gain, but also in the shapes of their dose-response curves."	( Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Davis, JM; Hamza, T; Leucht, S; Salanti, G; Schneider-Thoma, J; Siafis, S; Wu, H, 2022)	0.72
" Secondary outcomes include comparison of length of stay, utilization of restraints, and discharge outcomes between dosage groups."	( Optimal Injectable Haloperidol Dose Assessment in the Older Hospitalized Inpatient. Bhatti, H; Brenner, JM; Britton, S; Noviasky, J; Yuksel, JM, 2023)	1.24
"Expert consensus-based clinically equivalent dose estimates and dosing recommendations can provide valuable support for the use of drugs for psychosis in clinical practice and research."	( Second International Consensus Study of Antipsychotic Dosing (ICSAD-2). Baldessarini, RJ; Gardner, DM; McAdam, MK; Murphy, AL, 2023)	0.91
"This second International Consensus Study of Antipsychotic Dosing provides dosing equivalencies and recommendations for newer drugs for psychosis and previously reported drugs with low consensus."	( Second International Consensus Study of Antipsychotic Dosing (ICSAD-2). Baldessarini, RJ; Gardner, DM; McAdam, MK; Murphy, AL, 2023)	0.91
"We used a two-step Delphi survey process to establish and update consensus with a broad, international sample of clinical and research experts regarding 26 drug formulations to obtain dosing recommendations (start, target range, and maximum) and estimates of clinically equivalent doses for the treatment of schizophrenia."	( Second International Consensus Study of Antipsychotic Dosing (ICSAD-2). Baldessarini, RJ; Gardner, DM; McAdam, MK; Murphy, AL, 2023)	0.91
"As randomized, controlled, fixed, multiple-dose trials to optimize the dosing of drugs for psychosis remain rare, expert consensus remains a useful alternative for estimating clinical dosing equivalents."	( Second International Consensus Study of Antipsychotic Dosing (ICSAD-2). Baldessarini, RJ; Gardner, DM; McAdam, MK; Murphy, AL, 2023)	0.91
"Uniformity of dosage unit (UDU) test is widely used to assess the quality, safety, and effectiveness of dosage forms in unit doses."	( Measurement uncertainty for < 905 > Uniformity of Dosage Units tests using Monte Carlo and bootstrapping methods - Uncertainties arising from sampling and analytical steps. Lourenço, FR; Martins, MT, 2024)	1.44