abacavir profile

abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	441300
CHEMBL ID	1380
CHEBI ID	421707
SCHEMBL ID	38632
MeSH ID	M0277557

Synonym
(1s,4r)-4-(2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9h-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol
(-)-cis-4-(2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9h-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol
AC-1299
avacavir
ziagen
abacavir (inn)
D07057
[(1s,4r)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)purin-9-yl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl]methanol
1592u89
(+/-)-abacavir
(+/-)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9h-purin-9-yl]-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol
(1s,4r)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9h-purin-9-yl]-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol
ABC ,
ziagen (tm)(succinate salt)
abacavir
C07624
136470-78-5
{(1s-cis)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9h-purin-9-yl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl}methanol
DB01048
NCGC00164560-01
NCGC00164560-02
2-cyclopentene-1-methanol, 4-(2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9h-purin-9-yl)-, (1s,4r)-
abacavir [inn:ban]
2-cyclopentene-1-methanol, 4-(2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9h-purin-9-yl)-, (1s-cis)-
abacavir [inn]
CHEMBL1380
nsc-742406
chebi:421707 ,
A807079
[(1s,4r)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)purin-9-yl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl]methanol;abacavir
{(1s,4r)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9h-purin-9-yl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl}methanol
136777-48-5
nsc 742406
wr2tip26vs ,
unii-wr2tip26vs
dtxsid4046444 ,
bdbm50366816
HY-17423
CS-1354
avacavir [vandf]
abacavir [vandf]
abacavir [ema epar]
abacavir [who-dd]
abacavir [mi]
abacavir [mart.]
EPITOPE ID:137341
S5215
MLS006010117
smr004701251
SCHEMBL38632
J-700136
[(1s,4r)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)purin-9-yl]-1-cyclopent-2-enyl]methanol
MCGSCOLBFJQGHM-SCZZXKLOSA-N
(+/-)-cis-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9h-purin-9-yl]-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol
AKOS024464970
AB01566826_01
mfcd00903850
[(1s,4r)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9h-purin-9-yl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl]methanol
gtpl11152
2-cyclopentene-1-methanol, 4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9h-purin-9-yl]-, (1s,4r)-
((1s,4r)-4-(2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9h-purin-9-yl)cyclopent-2-en-1-yl)methanol
((1s,4r)-4-(2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9h-purin-9-yl)cyclopent-2-enyl)methanol
BCP07728
Q304330
DT-0030
CCG-267342
NCGC00164560-05
A905952
NCGC00164560-17
SRCA-00004
BA166801
EN300-258000

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Abacavir is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor recommended in paediatric HIV care. "	( Safety and efficacy of abacavir for treating infants, children, and adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jesson, J; Leroy, V; O'Rourke, J; Penazzato, M; Renaud, F; Revegue, MHDT; Saint-Lary, L; Townsend, CL, 2022)	2.47
"Abacavir is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is used as a component of the antiretroviral treatment regimen in the management of the human immunodeficiency virus for both adults and children. "	( Severe abacavir hypersensitivity reaction in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a case report. Ali, SM; Karoney, MJ; Kigen, G; Koech, MK, 2022)	2.62
"Abacavir is a potential option for prophylaxis and early treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but no data are available in neonates. "	( Single Dose Abacavir Pharmacokinetics and Safety in Neonates Exposed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Bekker, A; Cotton, MF; Cressey, TR; Decloedt, EH; Rabie, H; Slade, G, 2021)	2.44
"Abacavir (ABC) is an HIV nucleotide-analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor that can produce a severe hypersensitivity reaction (ABC-HSR) in about 5% of the patients. "	( HCP5 rs2395029 is a rapid and inexpensive alternative to HLA-B*57:01 genotyping to predict abacavir hypersensitivity reaction in Spain. Abad-Santos, F; Koller, D; Navares-Gómez, M; Saiz-Rodríguez, M; Villapalos-García, G; Zubiaur, P, 2021)	2.28
"Abacavir is an effective antiretroviral drug and one of the most commonly used nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in Serbia. "	( High Frequency of Human Leukocyte Antigen-B*57:01 Allele Carriers among HIV-Infected Patients in Serbia. Cirkovic, V; Dragovic, G; Jevtovic, D; Pesic-Pavlovic, I; Ranin, J; Salemovic, D; Siljic, M; Stanojevic, M; Todorovic, M, 2017)	1.9
"Abacavir is a widely used nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, for which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exposure has been previously assessed in twice-daily recipients. "	( Cerebrospinal fluid abacavir concentrations in HIV-positive patients following once-daily administration. Antinori, A; Bonora, S; Calcagno, A; D'Avolio, A; De Nicolò, A; Di Perri, G; Fedele, V; Gisslen, M; Pinnetti, C; Scarvaglieri, E; Tempestilli, M, 2018)	2.25
"Abacavir is an antiretroviral drug used to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and decrease the risk of developing acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). "	( The Role of Conformational Dynamics in Abacavir-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome. Borg, NA; Buckle, AM; Fodor, J; Kass, I; Riley, BT, 2019)	2.23
"Abacavir is a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection as part of a multidrug, highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen. "	( Abacavir pharmacogenetics--from initial reports to standard of care. Kroetz, DL; Martin, MA, 2013)	3.28
"Abacavir is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor indicated for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. "	( Safety analysis of Ziagen® (abacavir sulfate) in postmarketing surveillance in Japan. Kitaichi, T; Kitazono, Y; Kurita, T; Miura, T; Nagao, T, 2014)	2.14
"Abacavir (ABC) is a commonly used nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor with potent antiviral activity against HIV-1. "	( Development of multiplex pyrosequencing for HLA-B*57:01 screening using single nucleotide polymorphism haplotype. Chantarangsu, S; Chantratita, W; Kiertiburanakul, S; Lulitanond, V; Sankuntaw, N; Sungkanuparph, S, 2014)	1.85
"Abacavir is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used as part of combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected patients. "	( Comparison of methods for in-house screening of HLA-B*57:01 to prevent abacavir hypersensitivity in HIV-1 care. Bonczkowski, P; Callens, S; Coucke, P; De Spiegelaere, W; De Wit, S; Emonds, MP; Kabeya, K; Kiselinova, M; Malatinkova, E; Philippé, J; Ruelle, J; Sermijn, E; Trypsteen, W; Van Acker, P; Van Sandt, V; Vandekerckhove, L; Verhofstede, C; Vervisch, K; Vogelaers, D, 2015)	2.09
"Abacavir is a potent nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor approved for the treatment of HIV infection. "	( Current trends in screening across ethnicities for hypersensitivity to abacavir. Rodriguez-Nóvoa, S; Soriano, V, 2008)	2.02
"Abacavir is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that is used in combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients. "	( Successful implementation of a national HLA-B*5701 genetic testing service in Canada. Angel, JB; Gill, MJ; Higgins, N; Lalonde, RG; Rachlis, A; Roger, M; Smith, G; Thomas, R; Trottier, B, 2010)	1.8
"Abacavir (ABC) is a guanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with potent antiretroviral activity. "	( Absence of mitochondrial toxicity in hearts of transgenic mice treated with abacavir. Abuin, A; Fields, E; Green, E; Hosseini, SH; Kohler, JJ; Lewis, W; Ludaway, T; Russ, R, 2010)	2.03
"Abacavir (ABC) is an antiretroviral drug highly effective in the treatment of HIV, but its intake can cause severe hypersensitivity reaction (HSR). "	( A fluorescence-based sequence-specific primer PCR for the screening of HLA-B(*)57:01. Bramanti, P; Foti Cuzzola, V; Gambardella, S; Giardina, E; Novelli, G; Patrizi, MP; Pirazzoli, A; Stocchi, L; Zampatti, S, 2010)	1.8
"Abacavir is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor marketed since 1999 for the treatment of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV). "	( Reactive aldehyde metabolites from the anti-HIV drug abacavir: amino acid adducts as possible factors in abacavir toxicity. Antunes, AM; Charneira, C; Godinho, AL; Marques, MM; Monteiro, EC; Oliveira, MC; Pereira, SA, 2011)	2.06
"Abacavir is an effective nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. "	( Studies on abacavir-induced hypersensitivity reaction: a successful example of translation of pharmacogenetics to personalized medicine. Fuscoe, J; Guo, Y; Hong, H; Ning, B; Shi, L; Su, Z, 2013)	2.22
"Abacavir (ZIAGEN) is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor marketed for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. "	( The metabolic activation of abacavir by human liver cytosol and expressed human alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes. Reese, MJ; Thurmond, LM; Walsh, JS, 2002)	2.05
"Abacavir sulfate is a recent addition to the nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor class of antiretroviral agents used in the treatment of HIV infection. "	( The abacavir hypersensitivity reaction: a review. Clay, PG, 2002)	2.32
"Abacavir is a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of HIV 1-infection. "	( Enanthema as the first clinical manifestation of abacavir hypersensitivity reaction: a case report. Concia, E; Faggian, F; Lanzafame, M; Lattuada, E; Trevenzoli, M; Vento, S, 2003)	2.02
"Abacavir is an effective antiretroviral drug used to treat HIV-1 infection. "	( Association of genetic variations in HLA-B region with hypersensitivity to abacavir in some, but not all, populations. Bansal, AT; Davies, K; Haneline, SA; Hughes, AR; Lai, EH; Mosteller, M; Nangle, K; Roses, AD; Scott, T; Spreen, WR; Warren, LL, 2004)	2
"Abacavir (ABC) is a generally well-tolerated NRTI. "	( [Risk factors for Abacavir-induced hypersensibility syndrome in the "real world"]. Chirouze, C; Drobacheff, C; Estavoyer, JM; Faller, JP; Gil, H; Hénon, T; Hoen, B; Hustache-Mathieu, L; Lebrun, C; Rougeot, C, 2004)	2.1
"Abacavir sulfate is a synthetic carbocyclic nucleoside analogue indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in combination with other antiretroviral agents. "	( Bioequivalence of abacavir generic and innovator formulations under fasting and fed conditions. Borges, M; Dimarco, M; Garg, M; Marier, JF; Monif, T; Morelli, G; Plante, G; Singla, AK; Tippabhotla, SK; Vijan, T, 2006)	2.11
"Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is used as either a 600-mg once-daily or 300-mg twice-daily regimen exclusively in the treatment of HIV infection. "	( A review of the pharmacokinetics of abacavir. Pakes, GE; Weller, S; Yuen, GJ, 2008)	2.06
"Abacavir is a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor that inhibits clinical isolates of HIV in vitro with a potency similar to that of zidovudine. "	( Abacavir. Faulds, D; Foster, RH, 1998)	3.19
"Abacavir (1592U89) is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor that has been demonstrated to have selective activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro and favorable safety profiles in mice and monkeys. "	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of abacavir (1592U89) following oral administration of escalating single doses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected adults. Hetherington, S; Kumar, PN; LaFon, S; Lou, Y; McDowell, JA; Sweet, DE; Symonds, W, 1999)	2.03
"Abacavir is a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). "	( Coming therapies: abacavir. Staszewski, S, 1999)	2.08
"Abacavir is a novel nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. "	( Quantitative determination of abacavir (1592U89), a novel nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, in human plasma using isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Beijnen, JH; Hoetelmans, RM; Sparidans, RW; Veldkamp, AI, 1999)	2.03
"Abacavir (1592U89) is a nucleoside inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 reverse transcriptase (RT). "	( Resistance profile of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor abacavir (1592U89) after monotherapy and combination therapy. CNA2001 Investigative Group. Bloor, S; Griffin, P; Harrigan, PR; Kemp, S; Larder, B; Nájera, I; Stone, C; Tisdale, M, 2000)	1.97
"Abacavir (1592U89) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with potent activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) when used alone or in combination with other antiretroviral agents. "	( Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of abacavir alone and in combination with zidovudine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. Lou, Y; McDowell, JA; Stein, DS; Symonds, WS, 2000)	2
"Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside analogue. "	( Abacavir: a review of its clinical potential in patients with HIV infection. Hervey, PS; Perry, CM, 2000)	3.19
"Abacavir (ABC) is a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase. "	( A randomized, double-blind study of triple nucleoside therapy of abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine versus lamivudine and zidovudine in previously treated human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children. The CNAA3006 Study Team. Church, JA; Cutrell, A; Emmanuel, P; Hetherington, S; Mitchell, C; Nelson, RP; Richardson, CG; Sáez-Llorens, X; Sleasman, J; Spreen, W; Van Dyke, R; Wiznia, A, 2001)	1.99
"Abacavir is a relatively safe drug, however, approximately 3 percent of people taking abacavir, have suffered from severe allergic reactions."	( Abacavir's trials and tribulations. Gilden, D, 1998)	2.46
"Abacavir is a potent, novel 2'-deoxyguanosine analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) which effectively suppresses HIV-1 replication. "	( Pharmacokinetics of abacavir in HIV-1-infected patients with impaired renal function. Aymard, G; Deray, G; Izzedine, H; Launay-Vacher, V; Legrand, M, 2001)	2.08
"Abacavir (ABC) is a potent nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) used in multi-drug antiretroviral regimens and in combination with other NRTIs, protease and/or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in both treatment naive and treatment experienced patients."	( Resistance and cross-resistance to abacavir. Moyle, G, 2001)	2.03
"Abacavir is a potent new carbocyclic nucleoside analogue. "	( Pharmacodynamics of abacavir in an in vitro hollow-fiber model system. Bilello, JA; Bilello, PA; Bye, A; Drusano, GL; McDowell, J; Stein, DS; Symonds, WT, 2002)	2.08
"Abacavir sulfate is an inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. "	( Understanding drug hypersensitivity: what to look for when prescribing abacavir. Hetherington, S, 2001)	1.99

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Abacavir has an acceptable tolerability profile, although hypersensitivity reactions lead to discontinuation of therapy in approximately 3% of patients."	( Coming therapies: abacavir. Staszewski, S, 1999)	1.36
"Abacavir has been associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, but the mechanism is unknown."	( Changes in weight, body composition and metabolic parameters after switch to dolutegravir/lamivudine compared with continued treatment with dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine for virologically suppressed HIV infection (The AVERTAS trial): a randomised, open Benfield, T; Gerstoft, J; Hove, JD; Knudsen, A; Møller, S; Pedersen, KBH; Siebner, HR, 2023)	1.83
"Abacavir has replaced stavudine in antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens because it has largely been phased out as a result of toxicity concerns; this loss has reduced further the already-limited drug options for children. "	( Substituting Abacavir for Stavudine in Children Who Are Virally Suppressed Without Lipodystrophy: Randomized Clinical Trial in Johannesburg, South Africa. Abrams, E; Arpadi, S; Coovadia, A; Kuhn, L; Patel, F; Pinillos, F; Shiau, S; Strehlau, R; Tsai, WY, 2018)	2.29
"Abacavir use has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic events in HIV-infected patients, although this finding was not consistently found. "	( Metabolic events in HIV-infected patients using abacavir are associated with erythrocyte inosine triphosphatase activity. Andrinopoulou, ER; Bakker, JA; Bierau, J; Leers, MPG; Lowe, SH; Paulussen, ADC; Peltenburg, NC; Schippers, JA; van den Bosch, BJC; Verbon, A, 2019)	2.21
"Abacavir (ABC) has been associated with ischaemic cardiovascular events in HIV-infected patients, but the pathogenic mechanisms are unknown. "	( In vivo platelet activation and platelet hyperreactivity in abacavir-treated HIV-infected patients. Baldelli, F; Belfiori, B; Bonora, S; Conti, V; Falcinelli, E; Francisci, D; Giannini, S; Gresele, P; Guglielmini, G; Malincarne, L; Mezzasoma, A; Petito, E; Sebastiano, M, 2013)	2.07
"Abacavir has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, for reasons that remain to be elucidated."	( Association of abacavir and impaired endothelial function in treated and suppressed HIV-infected patients. Deeks, SG; Ganz, P; Hatano, H; Ho, JE; Hsue, PY; Hunt, PW; Martin, JN; Schnell, A; Wu, Y; Xie, Y, 2009)	1.43
"Abacavir has been associated with an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction, but the pathogenic mechanisms remain unknown. "	( Early changes in inflammatory and pro-thrombotic biomarkers in patients initiating antiretroviral therapy with abacavir or tenofovir. García, N; Gutiérrez, F; Jarrin, I; Masiá, M; Padilla, S; Tormo, C, 2011)	2.02
"Abacavir use has been associated with cardiovascular risk, but it is unknown whether this association may be partly explained by patients with kidney disease being preferentially treated with abacavir to avoid tenofovir. "	( Cardiovascular risks associated with abacavir and tenofovir exposure in HIV-infected persons. Choi, AI; Deeks, SG; Li, Y; Shlipak, MG; Vittinghoff, E; Weekley, CC, 2011)	2.08
"Abacavir has been reported to undergo bioactivation in vitro, yielding reactive species that bind covalently to human serum albumin, but the haptenation mechanism and its significance to the toxic events induced by this anti-HIV drug have yet to be elucidated."	( Reactive aldehyde metabolites from the anti-HIV drug abacavir: amino acid adducts as possible factors in abacavir toxicity. Antunes, AM; Charneira, C; Godinho, AL; Marques, MM; Monteiro, EC; Oliveira, MC; Pereira, SA, 2011)	1.34
"Abacavir has been associated with myocardial infarction in several studies. "	( Short communication: initiation of an abacavir-containing regimen in HIV-infected adults is associated with a smaller decrease in inflammation and endothelial activation markers compared to non-abacavir-containing regimens. Debanne, SM; Hileman, CO; McComsey, GA; Tisch, DJ; Wohl, DA, 2012)	2.09
"Abacavir has been shown to select for multiple resistant mutations in the human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) pol gene. "	( Mechanistic studies to understand the progressive development of resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase to abacavir. Anderson, KS; Basavapathruni, A; Ray, AS, 2002)	1.96
"Abacavir has been approved in the United States for the treatment of pediatric and adult HIV infection and current recommendations consist of combination therapy in children with HIV infection."	( The antiviral activity, mechanism of action, clinical significance and resistance of abacavir in the treatment of pediatric AIDS. Melroy, J; Nair, V, 2005)	1.27
"For abacavir, it has been suggested that preprescription genotyping for HLA-B*5701 in whites may reduce the incidence of hypersensitivity."	( Genetic factors in the predisposition to drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions. Pirmohamed, M, 2006)	0.81
"Abacavir has good oral bioavailability, as demonstrated in animals, and penetrates the CNS."	( Abacavir. Faulds, D; Foster, RH, 1998)	2.46
"Abacavir has an acceptable tolerability profile, although hypersensitivity reactions lead to discontinuation of therapy in approximately 3% of patients."	( Coming therapies: abacavir. Staszewski, S, 1999)	1.36
"Abacavir has even shown promise in viral load reductions when used alone."	( The fuss over 1592. Vazquez, E, )	0.85
"Abacavir has contributed to lower viral loads in treatment naive patients when combined with ZDV and 3TC."	( Dupont pharmaceuticals study 006 for Sustiva. Bartlett, JG, 1998)	1.02
"Abacavir resistance has also been observed in NRTI multidrug-resistant samples."	( Prediction of abacavir resistance from genotypic data: impact of zidovudine and lamivudine resistance in vitro and in vivo. Korn, K; Schmidt, B; Schwingel, E; Walter, H; Werwein, M, 2002)	1.4

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Abacavir promotes arterial thrombosis through interference with purinergic signaling, suggesting a possible biological mechanism for the clinical association of abacavir with cardiovascular diseases."	( Abacavir Induces Arterial Thrombosis in a Murine Model. Álvarez, Á; Andujar, I; Blanch-Ruiz, MA; Blas-García, A; Collado-Diaz, V; Esplugues, JV; Martinez-Cuesta, MA; Orden, S; Sanchez-Lopez, A, 2018)	3.37
"Abacavir can cause a multi-systemic hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) in 5-8% of the patients, which is related to HLA-B*57-01 allele. "	( Low frequency of hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir in HIV infected patients in a referral center in Bahia, Brazil. Barreto, RG; Brites, C, )	1.83
"If abacavir or didanosine increase cardiovascular risk, it is likely not through the direct endothelial activation pathways tested in these experiments."	( Abacavir, didanosine and tenofovir do not induce inflammatory, apoptotic or oxidative stress genes in coronary endothelial cells. Clauss, M; Desta, Z; Deuter-Reinhard, M; Green, L; Gupta, SK; Kim, C; Taylor, BM, 2011)	2.33

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Abacavir-based treatment without HLA-B*5701 testing resulted in a projected 30.93 years life expectancy, 16.23 discounted quality-adjusted life years, and $472,200 discounted lifetime cost per person. "	( The cost-effectiveness of HLA-B*5701 genetic screening to guide initial antiretroviral therapy for HIV. Freedberg, KA; Losina, E; Sax, PE; Schackman, BR; Scott, CA; Walensky, RP, 2008)	1.79
"Abacavir treated patients with HSR [confirmed (n=5) or suspected (n=12)] vs without HSR (n=42) displayed significantly higher numbers of abacavir-specific cells (82.3±23.0 or 10.5±4.5 vs -0.5±1.0 spot forming cells per million PBMC, p < .005 each)."	( Detection of abacavir hypersensitivity by ELISpot method. Esser, S; Heinemann, FM; Horn, PA; Jablonka, R; Jaeger, H; Lindemann, M; Reuter, S; Schadendorf, D; Schenk-Westkamp, P; von Krosigk, A, 2012)	1.47
"In abacavir-treated individuals (n=982), codon 245 substitutions were predictive of premature abacavir discontinuation (P=.02)."	( A simple screening approach to reduce B*5701-associated abacavir hypersensitivity on the basis of sequence variation in HIV reverse transcriptase. Brumme, CJ; Brumme, ZL; Chui, CK; Harrigan, PR; Montaner, JS; Phillips, EJ; Yip, B, 2007)	1.1
"Treatment with abacavir, alone or in combination with other anti-HIV agents (zidovudine, lamivudine, nevirapine, amprenavir and/or other protease inhibitors), decreased viral load and increased CD4+ cell count in patients with HIV infection."	( Abacavir. Faulds, D; Foster, RH, 1998)	2.08
"Treatment with abacavir, alone or in combination with ZDV, produced marked decreases in plasma HIV-1 RNA loads and increases in CD4+ cell counts in all groups. "	( Antiretroviral effect and safety of abacavir alone and in combination with zidovudine in HIV-infected adults. Abacavir Phase 2 Clinical Team. Gazzard, BG; Kelleher, D; LaFon, S; Lancaster, D; Romero, C; Saag, MS; Schooley, RT; Sonnerborg, A; Spreen, W; Torres, RA, 1998)	0.93

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Evaluation of safety and tolerance was based on clinical adverse events and laboratory analyses."	( A dose-ranging study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of abacavir alone or in combination with zidovudine and lamivudine in antiretroviral treatment-naive subjects. Cutrell, A; Harrer, T; Harrigan, RP; Katlama, C; Lanier, RE; Massip, P; Pearce, G; Staszewski, S; Steel, H; Tortell, SM; Yeni, P, 1998)	0.54
" Abacavir was generally well tolerated with few clinically significant adverse events."	( A dose-ranging study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of abacavir alone or in combination with zidovudine and lamivudine in antiretroviral treatment-naive subjects. Cutrell, A; Harrer, T; Harrigan, RP; Katlama, C; Lanier, RE; Massip, P; Pearce, G; Staszewski, S; Steel, H; Tortell, SM; Yeni, P, 1998)	1.45
" Safety was assessed by monitoring clinical adverse events and laboratory abnormalities during the 12-week period and for 4 weeks post-treatment."	( Antiretroviral effect and safety of abacavir alone and in combination with zidovudine in HIV-infected adults. Abacavir Phase 2 Clinical Team. Gazzard, BG; Kelleher, D; LaFon, S; Lancaster, D; Romero, C; Saag, MS; Schooley, RT; Sonnerborg, A; Spreen, W; Torres, RA, 1998)	0.58
" Eight subjects (10%) discontinued the study prematurely because of adverse events; nausea (n = 4) and hypersensitivity (n = 3) were the most common reasons for withdrawal."	( Antiretroviral effect and safety of abacavir alone and in combination with zidovudine in HIV-infected adults. Abacavir Phase 2 Clinical Team. Gazzard, BG; Kelleher, D; LaFon, S; Lancaster, D; Romero, C; Saag, MS; Schooley, RT; Sonnerborg, A; Spreen, W; Torres, RA, 1998)	0.58
" Abacavir was well tolerated by all subjects; mild to moderate asthenia, abdominal pain, headache, diarrhea, and dyspepsia were the most frequently reported adverse events, and these were not dose related."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of abacavir (1592U89) following oral administration of escalating single doses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected adults. Hetherington, S; Kumar, PN; LaFon, S; Lou, Y; McDowell, JA; Sweet, DE; Symonds, W, 1999)	1.5
" The single abacavir-related adverse event was rash, which occurred in 2 of 22 subjects."	( Safety and single-dose pharmacokinetics of abacavir (1592U89) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children. Flynn, P; Hetherington, S; Hughes, W; Kline, MW; Lou, Y; McDowell, JA; Shenep, J; Symonds, W; Yogev, R, 1999)	0.95
" Mild to moderate headache, nausea, lymphadenopathy, hematuria, musculoskeletal chest pain, neck stiffness, and fever were the most common adverse events reported by those who received abacavir."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of abacavir (1592U89), zidovudine, and lamivudine administered alone and in combination in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Chittick, GE; McDowell, JA; Wang, LH, 1999)	0.76
" Safety was assessed by monitoring clinical adverse events and laboratory abnormalities."	( Antiretroviral activity and safety of abacavir in combination with selected HIV-1 protease inhibitors in therapy-naive HIV-1-infected adults. Cooney, E; Cutrell, A; Haas, DW; Haubrich, R; Horton, J; Kelleher, D; Lederman, M; Lee, D; McMahon, D; Mellors, JW; Ross, L; Spreen, W; Stanford, J, 2001)	0.58
" Overall, the most common adverse events attributed to study drugs were diarrhoea, nausea, malaise/fatigue, headache and perioral paresthesia."	( Antiretroviral activity and safety of abacavir in combination with selected HIV-1 protease inhibitors in therapy-naive HIV-1-infected adults. Cooney, E; Cutrell, A; Haas, DW; Haubrich, R; Horton, J; Kelleher, D; Lederman, M; Lee, D; McMahon, D; Mellors, JW; Ross, L; Spreen, W; Stanford, J, 2001)	0.58
"Abacavir is safe and effective when used in combination with a protease inhibitor."	( Antiretroviral activity and safety of abacavir in combination with selected HIV-1 protease inhibitors in therapy-naive HIV-1-infected adults. Cooney, E; Cutrell, A; Haas, DW; Haubrich, R; Horton, J; Kelleher, D; Lederman, M; Lee, D; McMahon, D; Mellors, JW; Ross, L; Spreen, W; Stanford, J, 2001)	2.02
" Safety was evaluated by monitoring clinical adverse events and changes in laboratory values."	( A dose-ranging study to evaluate the antiretroviral activity and safety of amprenavir alone and in combination with abacavir in HIV-infected adults with limited antiretroviral experience. Antunes, F; Blake, D; Clumeck, N; Danner, SA; Haubrich, R; Millard, J; Mustafa, N; Myers, RE; Nacci, P; Schooley, RT; Sereni, D; Thompson, M; Tisdale, M; van Der Ende, ME, 2001)	0.52
" Amprenavir was reasonably well tolerated with few treatment-limiting adverse events."	( A dose-ranging study to evaluate the antiretroviral activity and safety of amprenavir alone and in combination with abacavir in HIV-infected adults with limited antiretroviral experience. Antunes, F; Blake, D; Clumeck, N; Danner, SA; Haubrich, R; Millard, J; Mustafa, N; Myers, RE; Nacci, P; Schooley, RT; Sereni, D; Thompson, M; Tisdale, M; van Der Ende, ME, 2001)	0.52
" Most patients experienced at least one drug-related adverse event that was not considered treatment-limiting by the investigator."	( Efficacy and safety of a quadruple combination Combivir + abacavir + efavirenz regimen in antiretroviral treatment-naive HIV-1-infected adults: La Francilienne. Chemlal, K; de Truchis, P; Devidas, A; Force, G; Mamet, JP; Mechali, D; Praindhui, D; Pulik, M; Rouveix, E; Welker, Y, 2002)	0.56
"Safety and efficacy results from this study demonstrated that the quadruple regimen Combivir/abacavir/efavirenz is generally safe and displays potent and durable antiretroviral activity in antiretroviral treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients, offering a promising therapeutic option in a PI-sparing strategy."	( Efficacy and safety of a quadruple combination Combivir + abacavir + efavirenz regimen in antiretroviral treatment-naive HIV-1-infected adults: La Francilienne. Chemlal, K; de Truchis, P; Devidas, A; Force, G; Mamet, JP; Mechali, D; Praindhui, D; Pulik, M; Rouveix, E; Welker, Y, 2002)	0.78
"Simplification is safe and effective, but it should be offered to patients with shorter treatment duration, and in good clinical and immunovirological conditions."	( Simplification of protease inhibitor-containing regimens with efavirenz, nevirapine or abacavir: safety and efficacy outcomes. Adorni, F; Bini, T; Bongiovanni, M; Capetti, A; Castelnuovo, B; Chiesa, E; Cicconi, P; d'Arminio Monforte, A; Faggion, I; Melzi, S; Mussini, C; Rizzardini, G; Rusconi, S; Sollima, S; Tordato, F, 2003)	0.54
"Research into the toxic effects of antiretroviral therapy has made tremendous progress, particularly over the 5 years since the earliest descriptions of the lipodystrophy syndrome."	( Pharmacogenetics: a practical role in predicting antiretroviral drug toxicity? Gaudieri, S; Mallal, S; Nolan, D, 2003)	0.32
"The A/S/D regimen had a low efficacy and a high frequency of adverse events and cannot be recommended."	( Low efficacy and high frequency of adverse events in a randomized trial of the triple nucleoside regimen abacavir, stavudine and didanosine. Gerstoft, J; Katzenstein, TL; Kirk, O; Lundgren, JD; Mathiesen, L; Nielsen, H; Obel, N; Pedersen, C, 2003)	0.53
"This data supports the strategy that in cases of symptomatic hyperlactatemia or lactic acidosis in which the toxicity is associated with stavudine, didanosine or both, it is safe and efficacious to reintroduce NRTI that are less potent inhibitors of mitochondria."	( Safety and efficacy of switching to alternative nucleoside analogues following symptomatic hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis. Barber, RE; Lonergan, JT; Mathews, WC, 2003)	0.32
"Identification of reliable markers to predict drug-related adverse events (DRAEs) is an important goal of the pharmaceutical industry and others within the healthcare community."	( Pharmacogenetics to predict drug-related adverse events. Danoff, TM; Hosford, DA; Lai, EH; Riley, JH; Roses, AD; Xu, CF, )	0.13
"25%) patients discontinued therapy because of adverse events and 36 (4."	( Effectiveness and safety of abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine in antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-infected patients: results from a large multicenter observational cohort. Bellón, JM; Berenguer, J; Camba, M; Flores, J; Gatell, JM; Hernández-Quero, J; Knobel, H; Miguélez, M; Pérez-Elías, MJ; Podzamczer, D; Resino, S; Rivas-González, P; Sala, M; Santos, I; Soriano, V, 2006)	0.63
" However, this treatment may lead to adverse events, some of them potentially serious."	( [Antiretroviral treatment associated life-threatening adverse events]. Morales-Conejo, M; Moreno-Cuerda, VJ; Rubio, R, 2006)	0.33
" All available safety data (including data beyond 48 weeks) were used in all analyses, which included calculation of treatment emergent laboratory values, adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, fatalities, drug discontinuations and any summaries by study week of safety data."	( Long-term safety and tolerability of the lamivudine/abacavir combination as components of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Brothers, CH; Castillo, SA; Hernandez, JE, 2006)	0.58
"This analysis indicates that the combination of lamivudine/abacavir is generally safe for the majority of patients when used as part of combination therapy."	( Long-term safety and tolerability of the lamivudine/abacavir combination as components of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Brothers, CH; Castillo, SA; Hernandez, JE, 2006)	0.83
" Study medication administration was stopped for 14 children, mostly because of nonadherence (4 cases) or virologic rebound (5 cases) and because of adverse events (unrelated death and grade 2 liver toxicity) in 2 cases."	( Once-daily highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected children: safety and efficacy of an efavirenz-containing regimen. Bekker, V; Jurriaans, S; Kuijpers, TW; Lange, JM; Pajkrt, D; Scherpbier, HJ, 2007)	0.34
" This represents the first fully powered, randomized, blinded, prospective study to determine the clinical utility of PGx screening to reduce drug-associated adverse events in any patient population."	( PREDICT-1 (CNA106030): the first powered, prospective trial of pharmacogenetic screening to reduce drug adverse events. Brothers, C; Hughes, A; Hughes, S; Spreen, W; Thorborn, D, )	0.13
" All other combinations exhibited more pronounced adverse effects on mitochondrial endpoints."	( Mitochondrial toxicity of tenofovir, emtricitabine and abacavir alone and in combination with additional nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Melkaoui, K; Setzer, B; Venhoff, N; Walker, UA, 2007)	0.59
" The primary endpoint was any serious adverse event (SAE) definitely/probably or uncertain whether related to blinded nevirapine/abacavir."	( Twenty-four-week safety and tolerability of nevirapine vs. abacavir in combination with zidovudine/lamivudine as first-line antiretroviral therapy: a randomized double-blind trial (NORA). , 2008)	0.79
"There was a trend towards a lower rate of serious adverse reactions in Ugandan adults with low CD4 starting ARV regimens with abacavir than with nevirapine."	( Twenty-four-week safety and tolerability of nevirapine vs. abacavir in combination with zidovudine/lamivudine as first-line antiretroviral therapy: a randomized double-blind trial (NORA). , 2008)	0.8
" The growth of adverse event PGX studies involving marketed medicines generally uses relatively large numbers of affected patients, but has been productive."	( The medical and economic roles of pipeline pharmacogenetics: Alzheimer's disease as a model of efficacy and HLA-B(*)5701 as a model of safety. Roses, AD, 2009)	0.35
" Drug toxicity/HLA associations have been best documented for immunologically mediated reactions, such as drug hypersensitivity reactions associated with the use of abacavir, and severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis induced by carbamazepine and allopurinol use, respectively."	( HLA and drug-induced toxicity. Mallal, SA; Phillips, EJ, 2009)	0.55
" Hyperbilirubinemia (13%), diarrhea (4%), nausea (2%), and rash (2%) were the most frequent drug-related Grade 2-4 adverse events."	( Safety and efficacy of a 36-week induction regimen of abacavir/lamivudine and ritonavir-boosted atazanavir in HIV-infected patients. Bellos, N; DeJesus, E; Murphy, D; Patel, LG; Ross, LL; Shaefer, MS; Squires, KE; Sutherland-Phillips, DH; Wannamaker, PG; Young, B; Zhao, HH, )	0.38
" An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals can make a significant contribution to the identification of potential toxic effects early in the drug development process and aid in avoiding such problems."	( Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity. Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ, 2010)	0.36
" Despite its clinical efficacy, abacavir administration has been associated with serious and sometimes fatal toxic events."	( Reactive aldehyde metabolites from the anti-HIV drug abacavir: amino acid adducts as possible factors in abacavir toxicity. Antunes, AM; Charneira, C; Godinho, AL; Marques, MM; Monteiro, EC; Oliveira, MC; Pereira, SA, 2011)	0.9
" Lipodystrophy accounted for 87 of 96 toxic events."	( Frequency of stavudine substitution due to toxicity in children receiving antiretroviral treatment in sub-Saharan Africa. Chersich, M; Fairlie, L; Kuhn, L; Meyers, T; Moultrie, H; Palmer, M, 2013)	0.39
"To evaluate the trends in abacavir (ABC) prescription among antiretroviral (ARV) medication-naive individuals following the presentation of the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (DAD) cohort study."	( Impact of the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs cohort study on abacavir prescription among treatment-naive, HIV-infected patients in Canada. Antoniou, T; Cooper, C; Gillis, J; Hogg, RS; Klein, MB; Loutfy, MR; Machouf, N; Montaner, JS; Raboud, JM; Rourke, SB; Tsoukas, C, )	0.66
" Although individual susceptibilities to adverse effects differ among patients, abacavir is associated with idiosyncratic hypersensitivity drug reactions and an increased risk of cardiac dysfunction."	( Bioactivation to an aldehyde metabolite--possible role in the onset of toxicity induced by the anti-HIV drug abacavir. Antunes, AM; Charneira, C; Grilo, NM; Marques, MM; Monteiro, EC; Pereira, SA, 2014)	0.84
" Adverse drug reaction (ADR) was defined as adverse event of which association with abacavir could not be "ruled out."	( Safety analysis of Ziagen® (abacavir sulfate) in postmarketing surveillance in Japan. Kitaichi, T; Kitazono, Y; Kurita, T; Miura, T; Nagao, T, 2014)	0.92
" Serious adverse events were reported in 65 subjects; however, none of the three fatal cases were clearly associated with Ziagen use."	( Safety analysis of Ziagen® (abacavir sulfate) in postmarketing surveillance in Japan. Kitaichi, T; Kitazono, Y; Kurita, T; Miura, T; Nagao, T, 2014)	0.7
" There are also concerns that abacavir use may lead to serious adverse events such as hypersensitivity reactions and has potential predisposition to developing cardiovascular diseases."	( Antiviral efficacy and safety of abacavir-containing combination antiretroviral therapy as first-line treatment of HIV-infected children and adolescents: a systematic review protocol. Adetokunboh, OO; Schoonees, A; Wiysonge, CS, 2014)	0.97
" Eleven patients (92%) reported ≥1 adverse event (AE), considered in 2 patients to be at least possibly related to darunavir (gastrointestinal-related events and dizziness)."	( Efficacy and safety of darunavir/ritonavir at 48 weeks in treatment-naïve, HIV-1-infected adolescents: results from a phase 2 open-label trial (DIONE). Blanche, S; Flynn, P; Giaquinto, C; Kakuda, TN; Komar, S; Lathouwers, E; Noguera-Julian, A; Opsomer, M; Van de Casteele, T; Welch, S, 2014)	0.4
"Prospective information was collected on 32,663 HIV-positive persons from 20 countries in Europe and Australia, who were free of CVD at entry into the Data-collection on Adverse Effects of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study."	( An updated prediction model of the global risk of cardiovascular disease in HIV-positive persons: The Data-collection on Adverse Effects of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study. Dabis, F; De Wit, S; Fontas, E; Friis-Møller, N; Kirk, O; Law, M; Lundgren, J; Monforte, AD; Phillips, A; Reiss, P; Ryom, L; Sabin, C; Smith, C; Weber, R, 2016)	0.43
" We also found no significant differences between the two groups for adverse events and death."	( Efficacy and safety of abacavir-containing combination antiretroviral therapy as first-line treatment of HIV infected children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Adetokunboh, OO; Balogun, TA; Schoonees, A; Wiysonge, CS, 2015)	0.73
" We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of adverse events among children and adolescents receiving regimens that contain abacavir, a widely used antiretroviral drug."	( Adverse events associated with abacavir use in HIV-infected children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dahourou, DL; Jesson, J; Leroy, V; Penazzato, M; Renaud, F, 2016)	0.93
" Incidence of adverse outcomes in patients taking abacavir (number of new events in a period divided by population at risk at the beginning of the study) and relative risks (RR) compared with non-abacavir regimens were pooled with random effects models."	( Adverse events associated with abacavir use in HIV-infected children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dahourou, DL; Jesson, J; Leroy, V; Penazzato, M; Renaud, F, 2016)	0.97
" Among children and adolescents taking abacavir, hypersensitivity reactions (eight studies) had a pooled incidence of 2·2% (95% CI 0·4-5·2); treatment switching or discontinuation (seven studies) pooled incidence was 10·9% (2·1-24·3); of grade 3-4 adverse events (six studies) pooled incidence was 9·9% (2·4-20·9); and adverse events other than hypersensitivity reaction (six studies) pooled incidence was 21·5% (2·8-48·4)."	( Adverse events associated with abacavir use in HIV-infected children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dahourou, DL; Jesson, J; Leroy, V; Penazzato, M; Renaud, F, 2016)	0.99
"Many adverse drug reactions are caused by the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent activation of drugs into reactive metabolites."	( Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships. Jones, LH; Nadanaciva, S; Rana, P; Will, Y, 2016)	0.43
" The aim of this study was to compare the rate of any discontinuation of antiretroviral (ARV) regimen because of virologic failure (VF), and/or adverse drug reaction (ADR) among patients receiving stable ARV regimens for at least 6 months."	( Long-term efficacy and toxicity of abacavir/lamivudine/nevirapine compared to the most prescribed ARV regimens before 2013 in a French Nationwide Cohort Study. Bani-Sadr, F; Cabie, A; Cotte, L; de Boissieu, P; Delobel, P; Dramé, M; Garraffo, R; Huleux, T; Poizot-Martin, I; Raffi, F; Rey, D, 2016)	0.71
"There is no known reason to suspect an adverse drug interaction between dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy and sofosbuvir, simeprevir, or ledipasvir."	( Clinical experience with dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine in HIV-HCV co-infected patients treated with a sofosbuvir-based regimen-safety and efficacy. Bhattarai, S; Fallon, JP; Galang, H; Habeeb, R; Johnson, TM; Shukla, PP; Sison, R; Slim, J, 2016)	0.71
" No patients ended therapy secondary to adverse events."	( Clinical experience with dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine in HIV-HCV co-infected patients treated with a sofosbuvir-based regimen-safety and efficacy. Bhattarai, S; Fallon, JP; Galang, H; Habeeb, R; Johnson, TM; Shukla, PP; Sison, R; Slim, J, 2016)	0.71
" The form is designed to obtain information on the demographics of the patients, WHO clinical stage of their HIV infection, HAART regimen for the patients, and suspected adverse events associated with the antiretroviral drugs used by the patients."	( A prospective study of adverse events to antiretroviral therapy in HIV- infected adults in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Awodele, O; Oshikoya, KA; Popoola, TD, 2016)	0.43
" About half (57%) of the participants reported clinical adverse events; 92% of which were reported within two weeks of HAART initiation."	( A prospective study of adverse events to antiretroviral therapy in HIV- infected adults in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Awodele, O; Oshikoya, KA; Popoola, TD, 2016)	0.43
"Antiretroviral drugs exposure often presents with adverse events, an observation similar to other studies."	( A prospective study of adverse events to antiretroviral therapy in HIV- infected adults in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Awodele, O; Oshikoya, KA; Popoola, TD, 2016)	0.43
" INSTIs have also been demonstrated as safe and tolerable."	( Dolutegravir Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events: Specific Drug Effect or Class Effect. Yombi, JC, )	0.13
" This study investigated the toxic and genotoxic potential of ABC when administered alone or in combination with AZT and/or 3TC using the somatic mutation and recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster."	( Toxicity and genotoxicity induced by abacavir antiretroviral medication alone or in combination with zidovudine and/or lamivudine in Drosophila melanogaster. Bailão, E; Cardoso, CG; Chen-Chen, L; Cunha, KS; de Jesus Silva Carvalho, C; de Moraes Filho, AV; Spanó, MA; Véras, JH, 2019)	0.79
" Ten neonates administered a single abacavir dose of 8 mg/kg before 15 days of life had substantially higher exposures than those reported in infants and children, with no reported adverse events."	( Single Dose Abacavir Pharmacokinetics and Safety in Neonates Exposed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Bekker, A; Cotton, MF; Cressey, TR; Decloedt, EH; Rabie, H; Slade, G, 2021)	1.28
" Recently, HLA transgenic mice have been used to reproduce HLA-mediated idiosyncratic drug toxicity (IDT), a rare and unpredictable adverse drug reaction that can result in death."	( HLA transgenic mice: application in reproducing idiosyncratic drug toxicity. Aoki, S; Ito, K; Kuwahara, S; Shirayanagi, T; Susukida, T; Yamada, Y, 2020)	0.56
" A total of 49 adverse events were observed in 31 out of 222 individuals (14."	( Safety and effectiveness of switching to Abacavir/Lamivudine plus rilpivirine for maintenance therapy in virologically suppressed HIV-1 individuals in Singapore (SEALS). Ang, JH; Ang, LW; Hoo, GS; Law, HL; Lee, CC; Leo, YS; Lim, ZC; Ng, OT; Teng, CB; Wong, CS, 2021)	0.89
"ABC/3TC + RPV is a safe and effective switch option for maintenance therapy in virologically suppressed HIV-1 individuals with in Singapore."	( Safety and effectiveness of switching to Abacavir/Lamivudine plus rilpivirine for maintenance therapy in virologically suppressed HIV-1 individuals in Singapore (SEALS). Ang, JH; Ang, LW; Hoo, GS; Law, HL; Lee, CC; Leo, YS; Lim, ZC; Ng, OT; Teng, CB; Wong, CS, 2021)	0.89
" No adverse events were related to study drugs."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of the Abacavir/Lamivudine/Lopinavir/Ritonavir Fixed-Dose Granule Formulation (4-in-1) in Neonates: PETITE Study. Andrieux-Meyer, I; Bekker, A; Capparelli, E; Cotton, MF; Cressey, R; Cressey, TR; du Toit, S; Groenewald, M; Kumar, M; Lallemant, M; Nielsen, J; Rabie, H; Salvadori, N; Than-In-At, K, 2022)	1
" We extracted data related to study identifier, study design, study period, setting, population characteristics, ART treatment, and safety (any hypersensitivity reaction, death, grade 3 or 4 adverse events, treatment discontinuation, any other morbidities, and serious adverse events), and efficacy outcomes (HIV viral load and CD4 counts reported at 6 and 12 months after ART initiation)."	( Safety and efficacy of abacavir for treating infants, children, and adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jesson, J; Leroy, V; O'Rourke, J; Penazzato, M; Renaud, F; Revegue, MHDT; Saint-Lary, L; Townsend, CL, 2022)	1.03

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" To evaluate the potential pharmacokinetic interactions between these agents, 15 HIV-1-infected adults with a median CD4(+) cell count of 347 cells/mm3 (range, 238 to 570 cells/mm3) were enrolled in a randomized, seven-period crossover study."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of abacavir (1592U89), zidovudine, and lamivudine administered alone and in combination in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Chittick, GE; McDowell, JA; Wang, LH, 1999)	0.57
"While in vitro results at clinically relevant concentrations do not predict abacavir (1592U89) interactions with drugs highly metabolized by cytochrome P450, the potential does exist for a pharmacokinetic interaction between abacavir and ethanol, as both are metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction of abacavir (1592U89) and ethanol in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. Chittick, GE; Edwards, KD; McDowell, JA; Stein, DS; Stevens, CP, 2000)	0.82
" Plasma abacavir concentrations from sparse sampling were analyzed by standard population pharmacokinetic methods, and the effects of dose, combination therapy, gender, weight, and age on parameter estimates were investigated."	( Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic modeling of abacavir (1592U89) from a dose-ranging, double-blind, randomized monotherapy trial with human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. Lou, Y; Radomski, KM; Stein, DS; Weller, S, 2000)	0.98
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for abacavir after administration of the first dose and at week 4 and for abacavir, zidovudine, and its glucuronide metabolite at week 12."	( Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of abacavir alone and in combination with zidovudine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. Lou, Y; McDowell, JA; Stein, DS; Symonds, WS, 2000)	0.81
"In a dose-ranging study of amprenavir (formerly 141W94), an inhibitor of the protease enzyme of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1, single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated from plasma samples collected on day 1 and during week 3, respectively."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor amprenavir after multiple oral dosing. Gillotin, C; Lou, Y; Sadler, BM; Stein, DS, 2001)	0.31
" To date, there is no pharmacokinetic study in patients with renal impairment."	( Pharmacokinetics of abacavir in HIV-1-infected patients with impaired renal function. Aymard, G; Deray, G; Izzedine, H; Launay-Vacher, V; Legrand, M, 2001)	0.63
" A nonparametric pharmacokinetic analysis was then performed."	( Pharmacokinetics of abacavir in HIV-1-infected patients with impaired renal function. Aymard, G; Deray, G; Izzedine, H; Launay-Vacher, V; Legrand, M, 2001)	0.63
" Furthermore, our pharmacokinetic data are similar to those obtained in patients with normal renal function."	( Pharmacokinetics of abacavir in HIV-1-infected patients with impaired renal function. Aymard, G; Deray, G; Izzedine, H; Launay-Vacher, V; Legrand, M, 2001)	0.63
" We employed our hollow-fiber pharmacodynamic modeling system to examine the antiretroviral effects of different abacavir exposures, as well as the impact of the schedule of drug administration on efficacy."	( Pharmacodynamics of abacavir in an in vitro hollow-fiber model system. Bilello, JA; Bilello, PA; Bye, A; Drusano, GL; McDowell, J; Stein, DS; Symonds, WT, 2002)	0.85
"A population pharmacokinetic model for abacavir was developed using data from 188 adult patients by the use of a nonlinear mixed effects modelling method performed with NONMEM."	( Weight related differences in the pharmacokinetics of abacavir in HIV-infected patients. Chappuy, H; Dimet, J; Dupin, N; Jullien, V; Pons, G; Rey, E; Salmon, D; Tréluyer, JM; Urien, S, 2005)	0.85
" Individual Bayesian estimates of apparent plasma clearance were used to calculate individual abacavir area under the concentration curve (AUC)."	( Abacavir pharmacokinetics in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children ranging in age from 1 month to 16 years: a population analysis. Blanche, S; Chappuy, H; Dimet, J; Jullien, V; Pons, G; Rey, E; Tréluyer, JM; Urien, S, 2005)	1.99
"AUC0-24 and Cmax of both 3TC and ABC q24h were not inferior to q12h dosing in children."	( Plasma pharmacokinetics of once- versus twice-daily lamivudine and abacavir: simplification of combination treatment in HIV-1-infected children (PENTA-13). Bergshoeff, A; Burger, D; Farrelly, L; Flynn, J; Gibb, D; Khoo, S; Le Prevost, M; Lyall, H; Novelli, V; Verweij, C; Walker, S, 2005)	0.56
"The aim of this study was to characterise the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic monitoring of low doses of mycophenolate mofetil (0."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of low dose mycophenolate mofetil in HIV-infected patients treated with abacavir, efavirenz and nelfinavir. Brunet, M; Gallart, T; García, F; Gatell, JM; Martorell, J; Millán, O; Miró, JM; Plana, M; Pumarola, T; Rojo, I; Vidal, E, 2005)	0.54
"Mycophenolate mofetil pharmacokinetic profiles in HIV patients under HAART are not significantly different from those found in transplant patients."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of low dose mycophenolate mofetil in HIV-infected patients treated with abacavir, efavirenz and nelfinavir. Brunet, M; Gallart, T; García, F; Gatell, JM; Martorell, J; Millán, O; Miró, JM; Plana, M; Pumarola, T; Rojo, I; Vidal, E, 2005)	0.54
"The distribution of abacavir into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was assessed by use of a population pharmacokinetic analysis."	( Population pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Capparelli, EV; Ellis, RJ; Holland, D; Letendre, SL; McCutchan, JA; Patel, P, 2005)	0.94
"The Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group P1026s study is an on-going, prospective, non-blinded pharmacokinetic study of pregnant women receiving one or more antiretroviral drugs for routine clinical care, including a cohort receiving abacavir 300 mg twice daily."	( Impact of pregnancy on abacavir pharmacokinetics. Best, BM; Burchett, SK; Capparelli, EV; Connor, JD; Holland, DT; Hu, C; Mirochnick, M; Read, JS; Smith, E; Spector, SA; Stek, A, 2006)	0.83
"HIV-infected subjects on abacavir (600 mg once daily) plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) (excluding tenofovir) underwent a 24 h pharmacokinetic assessment for plasma abacavir concentrations."	( Abacavir plasma pharmacokinetics in the absence and presence of atazanavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir and vice versa in HIV-infected patients. Back, D; Boffito, M; Bonora, S; D'Avolio, A; Else, L; Gazzard, B; Mandalia, S; Moyle, G; Nelson, M; Pozniak, A; Waters, LJ, 2007)	2.09
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."	( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)	0.35
" The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and half-life of abacavir did not differ significantly between the age groups or by gender or race, and there were only modest associations of age with apparent abacavir clearance and with volume of distribution."	( Abacavir pharmacokinetics during chronic therapy in HIV-1-infected adolescents and young adults. Capparelli, EV; Cross, SJ; Heckman, BE; Kraimer, JM; Lindsey, JC; Neal, EF; Nikanjam, M; Pakes, GE; Poston, PA; Robbins, BL; Rose, CH; Sleasman, JW; Sprenger, HL; Tustin, NB, 2009)	2.03
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental methods."	( Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. Boffito, M; Fletcher, C; Guerini, EM; Hay, PE; Higgs, C; Lou, Y; Min, SS; Moyle, G; Song, IH; Yuen, GJ, 2009)	0.63
" Statistical analyses were performed on pharmacokinetic parameters: the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 4 h (AUC(0-4)), the maximum concentration of the drug (C(max)), and the residual concentration of the drug at the end of the dosing interval (C(trough)) for plasma and the AUC(0-4) and C(trough) for intracellular data."	( Pilot pharmacokinetic study of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF): investigation of systemic and intracellular interactions between TDF and abacavir, lamivudine, or lopinavir-ritonavir. Ayen, R; Clotet, B; Grassi, J; Levi, M; Negredo, E; Pruvost, A; Puig, J; Théodoro, F, 2009)	0.54
" We conducted a pharmacokinetic study of once-daily and twice-daily abacavir and lamivudine in children aged 3-<36 months."	( Pharmacokinetic study of once-daily versus twice-daily abacavir and lamivudine in HIV type-1-infected children aged 3-<36 months. , 2010)	0.84
"Children with stable HIV type-1 (HIV-1) RNA levels after 12 weeks treatment with twice-daily abacavir (8 mg/kg) with or without lamivudine (4 mg/kg) underwent plasma pharmacokinetic sampling."	( Pharmacokinetic study of once-daily versus twice-daily abacavir and lamivudine in HIV type-1-infected children aged 3-<36 months. , 2010)	0.83
"A total of 18 children (4, 6 and 8 in the 3-<12, 12-<24 and 24-<36 month age ranges, respectively) provided pharmacokinetic data for abacavir (17 for lamivudine)."	( Pharmacokinetic study of once-daily versus twice-daily abacavir and lamivudine in HIV type-1-infected children aged 3-<36 months. , 2010)	0.81
" Drug exposures in infants and toddlers were predicted using pharmacokinetic parameter distributions obtained from children, and the other way around."	( Paediatric drug development: are population models predictive of pharmacokinetics across paediatric populations? Burger, D; Cella, M; Danhof, M; Della Pasqua, O; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Zhao, W, 2011)	0.37
"The pharmacokinetic models (a two-compartment PK model for infants and toddlers and a one compartment PK model for children) accurately described the exposure in the population from which they were built."	( Paediatric drug development: are population models predictive of pharmacokinetics across paediatric populations? Burger, D; Cella, M; Danhof, M; Della Pasqua, O; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Zhao, W, 2011)	0.37
"These findings suggest that the assumption of an identical (linear or nonlinear) correlation between pharmacokinetic parameters and demographic factors may not hold true across age groups."	( Paediatric drug development: are population models predictive of pharmacokinetics across paediatric populations? Burger, D; Cella, M; Danhof, M; Della Pasqua, O; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Zhao, W, 2011)	0.37
"A population pharmacokinetic model was developed to describe both once and twice daily pharmacokinetic profiles of abacavir in infants and toddlers."	( Population pharmacokinetics and maximum a posteriori probability Bayesian estimator of abacavir: application of individualized therapy in HIV-infected infants and toddlers. Burger, D; Cella, M; Della Pasqua, O; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Zhao, W, 2012)	0.81
"To develop a population pharmacokinetic model for abacavir in HIV-infected infants and toddlers, which will be used to describe both once and twice daily pharmacokinetic profiles, identify covariates that explain variability and propose optimal time points to optimize the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) targeted dosage and individualize therapy."	( Population pharmacokinetics and maximum a posteriori probability Bayesian estimator of abacavir: application of individualized therapy in HIV-infected infants and toddlers. Burger, D; Cella, M; Della Pasqua, O; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Zhao, W, 2012)	0.85
"The typical population pharmacokinetic parameters and relative standard errors (RSE) were apparent systemic clearance (CL) 13."	( Population pharmacokinetics and maximum a posteriori probability Bayesian estimator of abacavir: application of individualized therapy in HIV-infected infants and toddlers. Burger, D; Cella, M; Della Pasqua, O; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Zhao, W, 2012)	0.6
"The population pharmacokinetic model developed for abacavir in HIV-infected infants and toddlers accurately described both once and twice daily pharmacokinetic profiles."	( Population pharmacokinetics and maximum a posteriori probability Bayesian estimator of abacavir: application of individualized therapy in HIV-infected infants and toddlers. Burger, D; Cella, M; Della Pasqua, O; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Zhao, W, 2012)	0.85
" Dose-normalized area under curve (AUC)(0-12) and peak concentration (C(max)) for the tablet formulation were bioequivalent with those of the oral solution with respect to zidovudine and abacavir (e."	( Pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drug varies with formulation in the target population of children with HIV-1. Adkison, KK; Bakeera-Kitaka, S; Burger, DM; Gibb, DM; Kasirye, P; Kekitiinwa, A; Kendall, L; Mhute, T; Nahirya-Ntege, P; Snowden, W; Ssenyonga, M; Tumusiime, C; Walker, AS, 2012)	0.57
"In a clinical trial simulation setting, a paediatric study was simulated using a pharmacokinetic model previously developed for abacavir."	( Adaptive trials in paediatric development: dealing with heterogeneity and uncertainty in pharmacokinetic differences in children. Cella, M; Danhof, M; Della Pasqua, O, 2012)	0.58
"HIV-infected subjects on abacavir (600 mg once daily) underwent steady-state pharmacokinetic assessments without and with darunavir/ritonavir or raltegravir."	( Pharmacokinetics of abacavir and its anabolite carbovir triphosphate without and with darunavir/ritonavir or raltegravir in HIV-infected subjects. Abongomera, G; Back, D; Boffito, M; Dickinson, L; Gazzard, B; Gedela, K; Jackson, A; Khoo, S; Moyle, G; Taylor, J, 2012)	1.01
" A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed effects modelling VI."	( Population pharmacokinetics of abacavir in infants, toddlers and children. Burger, D; Danhof, M; Della Pasqua, O; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Piana, C; Zhao, W, 2013)	0.68
" There were no pharmacokinetic differences between the two formulations (tablet and solution)."	( Population pharmacokinetics of abacavir in infants, toddlers and children. Burger, D; Danhof, M; Della Pasqua, O; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Piana, C; Zhao, W, 2013)	0.68
" Intensive 24-h pharmacokinetic sampling was performed during the third trimester and at least 2 weeks after delivery."	( The pharmacokinetics of abacavir 600 mg once daily in HIV-1-positive pregnant women. Burger, D; Colbers, A; Hawkins, D; Konopnicki, D; Moltó, J; Schalkwijk, S; Taylor, G; Tenorio, CH; van der Ende, M; Weizsäcker, K; Wood, C, 2016)	0.74
" In stage 1, term neonates exposed to HIV on standard antiretroviral prophylaxis (nevirapine ± zidovudine) received single dose(s) of the 4-in-1 formulation, followed by intensive pharmacokinetic sampling and safety assessments."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of the Abacavir/Lamivudine/Lopinavir/Ritonavir Fixed-Dose Granule Formulation (4-in-1) in Neonates: PETITE Study. Andrieux-Meyer, I; Bekker, A; Capparelli, E; Cotton, MF; Cressey, R; Cressey, TR; du Toit, S; Groenewald, M; Kumar, M; Lallemant, M; Nielsen, J; Rabie, H; Salvadori, N; Than-In-At, K, 2022)	1
"Sixteen neonates, with a median (range) birth weight of 3130 g (2790-3590 g), completed 24 pharmacokinetic visits."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of the Abacavir/Lamivudine/Lopinavir/Ritonavir Fixed-Dose Granule Formulation (4-in-1) in Neonates: PETITE Study. Andrieux-Meyer, I; Bekker, A; Capparelli, E; Cotton, MF; Cressey, R; Cressey, TR; du Toit, S; Groenewald, M; Kumar, M; Lallemant, M; Nielsen, J; Rabie, H; Salvadori, N; Than-In-At, K, 2022)	1
" We used abacavir pharmacokinetic data from neonates and infants to determine an exact abacavir dosing strategy (mg/kg) for infants aged 0-3 months and to propose dosing by WHO weight band for neonates."	( Abacavir dosing in neonates from birth to 3 months of life: a population pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation study. Bekker, A; Browning, R; Cababasay, M; Capparelli, EV; Cotton, MF; Cressey, TR; Decloedt, E; Mathiba, R; Mirochnick, M; Moye, J; Nakwa, FL; Rabie, H; Samson, P; Violari, A; Wang, J; Wiesner, L; Wiznia, A, 2022)	2.58
"Abacavir pharmacokinetic and safety data were pooled from three completed studies (1997-2020): PACTG 321 (USA), the Tygerberg Cohort (South Africa), and IMPAACT P1106 (South Africa)."	( Abacavir dosing in neonates from birth to 3 months of life: a population pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation study. Bekker, A; Browning, R; Cababasay, M; Capparelli, EV; Cotton, MF; Cressey, TR; Decloedt, E; Mathiba, R; Mirochnick, M; Moye, J; Nakwa, FL; Rabie, H; Samson, P; Violari, A; Wang, J; Wiesner, L; Wiznia, A, 2022)	3.61
" At first pharmacokinetic assessment, median postnatal age for PACTG 321 was 1 day and median bodyweight was 3·1 kg; for the Tygerberg Cohort it was 10 days and 3·3 kg; and for IMPAACT P1106 it was 73 days and 3·8 kg."	( Abacavir dosing in neonates from birth to 3 months of life: a population pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation study. Bekker, A; Browning, R; Cababasay, M; Capparelli, EV; Cotton, MF; Cressey, TR; Decloedt, E; Mathiba, R; Mirochnick, M; Moye, J; Nakwa, FL; Rabie, H; Samson, P; Violari, A; Wang, J; Wiesner, L; Wiznia, A, 2022)	2.16

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"To compare antiretroviral efficacy, safety and tolerance of three dosing regimens of the novel nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, abacavir (1592U89) over 24 weeks and its efficacy in open-label combination with zidovudine and lamivudine."	( A dose-ranging study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of abacavir alone or in combination with zidovudine and lamivudine in antiretroviral treatment-naive subjects. Cutrell, A; Harrer, T; Harrigan, RP; Katlama, C; Lanier, RE; Massip, P; Pearce, G; Staszewski, S; Steel, H; Tortell, SM; Yeni, P, 1998)	0.74
"To evaluate, over 12 weeks, the antiretroviral activity and safety of abacavir, used alone and in combination with zidovudine (ZDV), as treatment for HIV-1-infected subjects who had limited or no antiretroviral treatment."	( Antiretroviral effect and safety of abacavir alone and in combination with zidovudine in HIV-infected adults. Abacavir Phase 2 Clinical Team. Gazzard, BG; Kelleher, D; LaFon, S; Lancaster, D; Romero, C; Saag, MS; Schooley, RT; Sonnerborg, A; Spreen, W; Torres, RA, 1998)	0.81
"Treatment with abacavir, alone or in combination with ZDV, produced marked decreases in plasma HIV-1 RNA loads and increases in CD4+ cell counts in all groups."	( Antiretroviral effect and safety of abacavir alone and in combination with zidovudine in HIV-infected adults. Abacavir Phase 2 Clinical Team. Gazzard, BG; Kelleher, D; LaFon, S; Lancaster, D; Romero, C; Saag, MS; Schooley, RT; Sonnerborg, A; Spreen, W; Torres, RA, 1998)	0.93
"In HIV-infected subjects who have received little or no prior antiretroviral therapy, treatment with abacavir alone or in combination with ZDV is well tolerated and resulted in sustained improvements in key immunologic and virologic efficacy parameters through 12 weeks."	( Antiretroviral effect and safety of abacavir alone and in combination with zidovudine in HIV-infected adults. Abacavir Phase 2 Clinical Team. Gazzard, BG; Kelleher, D; LaFon, S; Lancaster, D; Romero, C; Saag, MS; Schooley, RT; Sonnerborg, A; Spreen, W; Torres, RA, 1998)	0.79
"To evaluate the pharmacokinetic features, safety, and tolerance of abacavir, given alone and in combination with other nucleoside antiretroviral agents, in symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children."	( A phase I study of abacavir (1592U89) alone and in combination with other antiretroviral agents in infants and children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS Clinical Trials Group 330 Team. Blanchard, S; Brundage, RC; Culnane, M; Dankner, WM; Fletcher, CV; Hetherington, S; Kline, MW; Kovacs, A; McDowell, JA; McKinney, RE; Shenep, JL; Van Dyke, RB, 1999)	0.87
" Three children experienced neutropenia while receiving abacavir in combination with another antiretroviral agent."	( A phase I study of abacavir (1592U89) alone and in combination with other antiretroviral agents in infants and children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS Clinical Trials Group 330 Team. Blanchard, S; Brundage, RC; Culnane, M; Dankner, WM; Fletcher, CV; Hetherington, S; Kline, MW; Kovacs, A; McDowell, JA; McKinney, RE; Shenep, JL; Van Dyke, RB, 1999)	0.88
"Abacavir (1592U89) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with potent activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) when used alone or in combination with other antiretroviral agents."	( Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of abacavir alone and in combination with zidovudine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. Lou, Y; McDowell, JA; Stein, DS; Symonds, WS, 2000)	2
"To assess antiretroviral efficacy and safety of abacavir in combination with selected HIV-1 protease inhibitors."	( Antiretroviral activity and safety of abacavir in combination with selected HIV-1 protease inhibitors in therapy-naive HIV-1-infected adults. Cooney, E; Cutrell, A; Haas, DW; Haubrich, R; Horton, J; Kelleher, D; Lederman, M; Lee, D; McMahon, D; Mellors, JW; Ross, L; Spreen, W; Stanford, J, 2001)	0.84
"Eighty-two antiretroviral naive HIV-1-infected adults (CD4 cell count > or = 100 cells/mm3, plasma HIV-1 RNA > or = 5,000 copies/ml) were randomly assigned to receive abacavir (300 mg twice daily) in combination with standard doses of one of five protease inhibitors: indinavir, saquinavir soft-gel, ritonavir, nelfinavir or amprenavir."	( Antiretroviral activity and safety of abacavir in combination with selected HIV-1 protease inhibitors in therapy-naive HIV-1-infected adults. Cooney, E; Cutrell, A; Haas, DW; Haubrich, R; Horton, J; Kelleher, D; Lederman, M; Lee, D; McMahon, D; Mellors, JW; Ross, L; Spreen, W; Stanford, J, 2001)	0.78
"Abacavir is safe and effective when used in combination with a protease inhibitor."	( Antiretroviral activity and safety of abacavir in combination with selected HIV-1 protease inhibitors in therapy-naive HIV-1-infected adults. Cooney, E; Cutrell, A; Haas, DW; Haubrich, R; Horton, J; Kelleher, D; Lederman, M; Lee, D; McMahon, D; Mellors, JW; Ross, L; Spreen, W; Stanford, J, 2001)	2.02
"To evaluate the antiretroviral activity and safety of multiple escalating doses of amprenavir administered alone, and in combination with abacavir in HIV-1-infected adults."	( A dose-ranging study to evaluate the antiretroviral activity and safety of amprenavir alone and in combination with abacavir in HIV-infected adults with limited antiretroviral experience. Antunes, F; Blake, D; Clumeck, N; Danner, SA; Haubrich, R; Millard, J; Mustafa, N; Myers, RE; Nacci, P; Schooley, RT; Sereni, D; Thompson, M; Tisdale, M; van Der Ende, ME, 2001)	0.72
" One dose group received amprenavir 900 mg twice daily in combination with abacavir 300 mg twice daily for 4 weeks."	( A dose-ranging study to evaluate the antiretroviral activity and safety of amprenavir alone and in combination with abacavir in HIV-infected adults with limited antiretroviral experience. Antunes, F; Blake, D; Clumeck, N; Danner, SA; Haubrich, R; Millard, J; Mustafa, N; Myers, RE; Nacci, P; Schooley, RT; Sereni, D; Thompson, M; Tisdale, M; van Der Ende, ME, 2001)	0.75
" We tested MPA alone and in combination with abacavir (ABC), didanosine (DDI), lamivudine (3TC) and tenofovir (TFV) against wild-type human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-resistant HIV-1."	( Dose proportional inhibition of HIV-1 replication by mycophenolic acid and synergistic inhibition in combination with abacavir, didanosine, and tenofovir. Coull, JJ; Drusano, GL; Hossain, MM; Margolis, DM, 2002)	0.78
"From a study of 71 HIV-1-infected patients receiving abacavir in combination with 1 of 5 different HIV-1 protease inhibitors (indinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, or amprenavir), we found that the baseline HIV-1 RNA levels were highly predictive of the viral decay rates."	( Viral dynamics and their relations to baseline factors and longer term virologic responses in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients receiving abacavir in combination with HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Kelleher, D; Lederman, MM; McMahon, D; Mellors, J; Ruan, P; Wu, H, 2003)	0.77
"Mutations selected or deselected during passage of human immunodeficiency virus strain HXB2 or resistant variants with tenofovir (TFV), abacavir (ABC), and lamivudine (3TC) differed depending on the drug combination and virus genotype."	( Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutation selection during in vitro exposure to tenofovir alone or combined with abacavir or lamivudine. Ait-Khaled, M; Craig, C; Griffin, P; Stone, C; Tisdale, M, 2004)	0.73
" In this study, the novel RR inhibitors didox (DX; 3,4-dihydroxybenzohydroxamic acid), and trimidox (TX; 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamidoxime) were evaluated along with HU for anti-retroviral efficacy in LPBM5-induced retro-viral disease (MAIDS) both as monotherapeutic regimens and in combination with the guanine containing NRTI abacavir (ABC)."	( In vivo examination of hydroxyurea and the novel ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors trimidox and didox in combination with the reverse transcriptase inhibitor abacavir: suppression of retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency disease. Duvall, W; Elford, HL; Gallicchio, VS; Hagan, E; Inayat, MS; Mayhew, CN; Sumpter, LR; Yost, EE, 2004)	0.69
"Abacavir provided an effective and durable antiretroviral response that was noninferior to zidovudine, when combined with lamivudine and efavirenz."	( Abacavir versus zidovudine combined with lamivudine and efavirenz, for the treatment of antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected adults. Bonny, T; Brand, JD; Brothers, CH; Buendia, CB; Castillo, SA; DeJesus, E; Gerstoft, J; Hernandez, J; Herrera, G; Lanier, ER; Scott, TR; Teofilo, E, 2004)	3.21
"The combination of abacavir + lamivudine (ABC+3TC) versus didanosine + stavudine (ddI+d4T), each combined with other classes of antiretrovirals (ARVs) in ARV-naive patients, was compared for the combined endpoint of time to plasma HIV RNA >50 copies/mL (at or after the 8-month visit) or death (primary endpoint) in a nested substudy of an ongoing multicenter randomized trial."	( Efficacy and safety of abacavir plus lamivudine versus didanosine plus stavudine when combined with a protease inhibitor, a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, or both in HIV-1 positive antiretroviral-naive persons. Besch, L; Chen, L; Dehlinger, M; Henley, C; Kozal, M; MacArthur, RD; Novak, RM; Peng, G; Schmetter, B; van den Berg-Wolf, M; Yurik, T, )	0.77
" A randomized double-blind clinical trial compared the efficacy and safety of 600 mg of ABC administered once daily (n = 384) versus 300 mg of ABC administered twice daily (n = 386) in combination with 300 mg of lamivudine (3TC) and 600 mg of efavirenz (EFV) administered once daily in antiretroviral-naive patients over 48 weeks."	( Abacavir once or twice daily combined with once-daily lamivudine and efavirenz for the treatment of antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected adults: results of the Ziagen Once Daily in Antiretroviral Combination Study. Cahn, P; Castillo, SA; Craig, C; DeJesus, E; Gordon, DN; Moyle, GJ; Scott, TR; Zhao, H, 2005)	1.77
" Fosamprenavir-ritonavir has shown similar efficacy and safety to lopinavir-ritonavir when each is combined with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors."	( The KLEAN study of fosamprenavir-ritonavir versus lopinavir-ritonavir, each in combination with abacavir-lamivudine, for initial treatment of HIV infection over 48 weeks: a randomised non-inferiority trial. DeJesus, E; Eron, J; Estrada, V; Gathe, J; Katlama, C; Lackey, P; Patel, L; Shaefer, M; Staszewski, S; Sutherland-Phillips, D; Vavro, C; Wannamaker, P; Yau, L; Yeni, P; Yeo, J; Young, B, 2006)	0.55
"Fosamprenavir-ritonavir twice daily in treatment-naive patients provides similar antiviral efficacy, safety, tolerability, and emergence of resistance as lopinavir-ritonavir, each in combination with abacavir-lamivudine."	( The KLEAN study of fosamprenavir-ritonavir versus lopinavir-ritonavir, each in combination with abacavir-lamivudine, for initial treatment of HIV infection over 48 weeks: a randomised non-inferiority trial. DeJesus, E; Eron, J; Estrada, V; Gathe, J; Katlama, C; Lackey, P; Patel, L; Shaefer, M; Staszewski, S; Sutherland-Phillips, D; Vavro, C; Wannamaker, P; Yau, L; Yeni, P; Yeo, J; Young, B, 2006)	0.74
" Mutagenicity experiments with ABC alone, or in combination with AZT-3TC, were complicated by the extreme cytotoxicity of ABC."	( Mutagenicity of zidovudine, lamivudine, and abacavir following in vitro exposure of human lymphoblastoid cells or in utero exposure of CD-1 mice to single agents or drug combinations. Carter, MM; Cook, DL; Cordova, EM; McCash, CL; Olivero, OA; Poirier, MC; Torres, SM; Walker, DM; Walker, VE, )	0.39
"We evaluated the mitochondrial toxicity of tenofovir (TFV), emtricitabine (FTC) and abacavir as carbovir (CBV) alone, with each other, and in combination with additional NRTIs."	( Mitochondrial toxicity of tenofovir, emtricitabine and abacavir alone and in combination with additional nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Melkaoui, K; Setzer, B; Venhoff, N; Walker, UA, 2007)	0.81
" In some patients on the nucleoside-sparing arm, the nucleoside-resistance mutation L74V was selected for in combination with the uncommonly occurring EFV-resistance mutations K103N+L100I; L74V was not detected as a minority variant, using clonal sequence analysis, when the nucleoside-sparing regimen was initiated."	( Association of efavirenz hypersusceptibility with virologic response in ACTG 368, a randomized trial of abacavir (ABC) in combination with efavirenz (EFV) and indinavir (IDV) in HIV-infected subjects with prior nucleoside analog experience. Bettendorf, D; DeGruttola, V; Demeter, LM; Eron, JJ; Eshleman, S; Fischl, M; Hammer, S; Koval, CE; Lustgarten, S; Nguyen, BY; Spreen, W; Squires, K, )	0.35
" In addition, L74V, when combined with K103N+L100I, may confer a selective advantage to the virus that is independent of its effects on nucleoside resistance."	( Association of efavirenz hypersusceptibility with virologic response in ACTG 368, a randomized trial of abacavir (ABC) in combination with efavirenz (EFV) and indinavir (IDV) in HIV-infected subjects with prior nucleoside analog experience. Bettendorf, D; DeGruttola, V; Demeter, LM; Eron, JJ; Eshleman, S; Fischl, M; Hammer, S; Koval, CE; Lustgarten, S; Nguyen, BY; Spreen, W; Squires, K, )	0.35
"Limited data are available on the use of unboosted atazanavir in combination with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in treatment-experienced HIV-infected patients."	( Efficacy and safety of a switch to unboosted atazanavir in combination with nucleoside analogues in HIV-1-infected patients with virological suppression under antiretroviral therapy. Ammassari, A; Castagna, A; Delaugerre, C; Ghosn, J; Medrano, J; Molina, JM; Pavie, J; Porcher, R; Rusconi, S; Torti, C; Valin, N, 2011)	0.37
" NRTIs used in combination with atazanavir were tenofovir, abacavir and emtricitabine/lamivudine in 36."	( Efficacy and safety of a switch to unboosted atazanavir in combination with nucleoside analogues in HIV-1-infected patients with virological suppression under antiretroviral therapy. Ammassari, A; Castagna, A; Delaugerre, C; Ghosn, J; Medrano, J; Molina, JM; Pavie, J; Porcher, R; Rusconi, S; Torti, C; Valin, N, 2011)	0.61
"In patients with virological suppression and no prior history of virological failure, a switch to unboosted atazanavir in combination with NRTIs is associated with a low probability of virological failure and a good safety profile."	( Efficacy and safety of a switch to unboosted atazanavir in combination with nucleoside analogues in HIV-1-infected patients with virological suppression under antiretroviral therapy. Ammassari, A; Castagna, A; Delaugerre, C; Ghosn, J; Medrano, J; Molina, JM; Pavie, J; Porcher, R; Rusconi, S; Torti, C; Valin, N, 2011)	0.37
" This study investigated the toxic and genotoxic potential of ABC when administered alone or in combination with AZT and/or 3TC using the somatic mutation and recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster."	( Toxicity and genotoxicity induced by abacavir antiretroviral medication alone or in combination with zidovudine and/or lamivudine in Drosophila melanogaster. Bailão, E; Cardoso, CG; Chen-Chen, L; Cunha, KS; de Jesus Silva Carvalho, C; de Moraes Filho, AV; Spanó, MA; Véras, JH, 2019)	0.79
" We did not find an elevated risk of AMI when abacavir-lamivudine was combined with efavirenz or raltegravir."	( Acute myocardial infarction associated with abacavir and tenofovir based antiretroviral drug combinations in the United States. Baxi, SM; Choden, T; Desai, M; Dorjee, K; Hubbard, AE; Reingold, AL, 2021)	1.14

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" 1592U89 had excellent oral bioavailability (105% in the rat) and penetrated the CNS (rat brain and monkey cerebrospinal fluid) as well as AZT."	( 1592U89, a novel carbocyclic nucleoside analog with potent, selective anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity. Averett, DR; Boone, LR; Daluge, SM; Dornsife, RE; Faletto, MB; Good, SS; Krenitsky, TA; Miller, WH; Parry, NR; Reardon, JE; St Clair, MH; Tisdale, M, 1997)	0.3
" The bioavailability of the caplet formulation relative to that of the oral solution was also assessed with the 300-mg dose."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of abacavir (1592U89) following oral administration of escalating single doses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected adults. Hetherington, S; Kumar, PN; LaFon, S; Lou, Y; McDowell, JA; Sweet, DE; Symonds, W, 1999)	0.59
"Study A: to determine the absolute bioavailability of a single 300-mg abacavir hemisulfate tablet."	( Abacavir: absolute bioavailability, bioequivalence of three oral formulations, and effect of food. Chittick, GE; Edwards, KD; Gillotin, C; Lou, Y; McDowell, JA; Prince, WT; Stein, DS, 1999)	1.98
" In study A, the geometric least square (GLS) mean absolute bioavailability of oral abacavir was 83% (range 65-107%)."	( Abacavir: absolute bioavailability, bioequivalence of three oral formulations, and effect of food. Chittick, GE; Edwards, KD; Gillotin, C; Lou, Y; McDowell, JA; Prince, WT; Stein, DS, 1999)	1.97
"A single-center, open-label, three-way crossover study was conducted in 24 healthy subjects to assess (1) the bioequivalence of a combined abacavir 300 mg/lamivudine 150 mg/zidovudine 300 mg (A/L/Z) combination tablet relative to the separate brand-name components administered simultaneously and (2) the effect of food on the bioavailability of the drugs from the combination tablet."	( Abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine as a combined formulation tablet: bioequivalence compared with each component administered concurrently and the effect of food on absorption. Allsup, TL; Hutman, HW; Lou, Y; Mahony, WB; Otto, VR; Thompson, NF; Yuen, GJ, 2001)	1.96
" The membrane permeation characteristics of abacavir are consistent with its superior oral bioavailability and its impressive ability to penetrate the central nervous system."	( Membrane permeation characteristics of abacavir in human erythrocytes and human T-lymphoblastoid CD4+ CEM cells: comparison with (-)-carbovir. Daluge, SM; Domin, BA; Mahony, WB; Zimmerman, TP, 2004)	0.85
"The bioavailability and targeted distribution of abacavir (ABC) and zidovudine (AZT) to viral reservoirs may be influenced by efflux transporters."	( Abcg2/Bcrp1 mediates the polarized transport of antiretroviral nucleosides abacavir and zidovudine. Elmquist, WF; Giri, N; Pan, G, 2007)	0.82
" Human oral bioavailability is an important pharmacokinetic property, which is directly related to the amount of drug available in the systemic circulation to exert pharmacological and therapeutic effects."	( Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability. Andricopulo, AD; Moda, TL; Montanari, CA, 2007)	0.34
" The absolute bioavailability of abacavir is approximately 83%."	( A review of the pharmacokinetics of abacavir. Pakes, GE; Weller, S; Yuen, GJ, 2008)	0.9
" Encasement of MABC into poloxamer nanoparticles extended drug bioavailability for 2 weeks."	( Development and characterization of a long-acting nanoformulated abacavir prodrug. Alnouti, Y; Edagwa, B; Gautam, N; Gendelman, HE; Hilaire, J; McMillan, J; Palandri, D; Singh, D, 2016)	0.67
"A phase 1, open-label, randomized study was conducted in healthy adults to evaluate the relative bioavailability of a novel dispersible FDC tablet of abacavir 150 mg/dolutegravir 10 mg/lamivudine 75 mg administered under 4 different dosing conditions compared with dolutegravir plus abacavir/lamivudine nondispersible, film-coated tablets."	( Effects of Low- and High-Mineral Content Water on the Relative Bioavailability of a Coformulated Abacavir/Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Dispersible Tablet in Healthy Adults. Buchanan, AM; Casillas, L; Joshi, S; Shaik, JSB; Shreeves, T; Singh, RP; Skoura, N, 2018)	0.9
"Following administration of dispersible abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine, the relative bioavailability of dolutegravir was approximately 50% higher."	( Effects of Low- and High-Mineral Content Water on the Relative Bioavailability of a Coformulated Abacavir/Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Dispersible Tablet in Healthy Adults. Buchanan, AM; Casillas, L; Joshi, S; Shaik, JSB; Shreeves, T; Singh, RP; Skoura, N, 2018)	0.97
" Abacavir PK was described by a 2-compartment model, patients randomized to early ART showed increased bioavailability of 31%."	( Population pharmacokinetics of abacavir and lamivudine in severely malnourished human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in relation to treatment outcomes. Archary, M; Bobat, R; Hennig, S; LaRussa, P; Mcllleron, H; Sibaya, T; Wiesner, L, 2019)	1.71
"Increases in Abacavir's CL/F between day 1 to day 14, bioavailability and PK variability with early start of ART was found in this cohort of severely malnourished children; however, these changes did not influence virological outcomes."	( Population pharmacokinetics of abacavir and lamivudine in severely malnourished human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in relation to treatment outcomes. Archary, M; Bobat, R; Hennig, S; LaRussa, P; Mcllleron, H; Sibaya, T; Wiesner, L, 2019)	1.17

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Triplicate in vitro dose-response matrices were prepared with MT-2 cells infected with HIV type 1 (HIV-1) strain IIIB."	( Nucleoside analog 1592U89 and human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor 141W94 are synergistic in vitro. Bilello, JA; Bilello, PA; Bye, A; D'Argenio, DZ; Drusano, GL; McDowell, J; Sadler, B; Symonds, W, 1998)	0.3
"To compare antiretroviral efficacy, safety and tolerance of three dosing regimens of the novel nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, abacavir (1592U89) over 24 weeks and its efficacy in open-label combination with zidovudine and lamivudine."	( A dose-ranging study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of abacavir alone or in combination with zidovudine and lamivudine in antiretroviral treatment-naive subjects. Cutrell, A; Harrer, T; Harrigan, RP; Katlama, C; Lanier, RE; Massip, P; Pearce, G; Staszewski, S; Steel, H; Tortell, SM; Yeni, P, 1998)	0.74
" This software automatically integrates the effect over a steady-state dosing interval and produces an estimate of the mean effect over a steady-state interval for each simulated subject."	( Use of drug effect interaction modeling with Monte Carlo simulation to examine the impact of dosing interval on the projected antiviral activity of the combination of abacavir and amprenavir. Barone, C; Bilello, JA; Bye, A; D'Argenio, DZ; Drusano, GL; LaFon, S; Preston, SL; Prince, W; Rogers, M; Symonds, W, 2000)	0.5
" At steady state, abacavir pharmacokinetic parameters (area under the plasma concentration-time curve for a dosing interval [AUC(tau)] and peak concentration [C(max)]) were generally proportional to dose over the range of a 600- to 1,200-mg total daily dose."	( Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of abacavir alone and in combination with zidovudine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. Lou, Y; McDowell, JA; Stein, DS; Symonds, WS, 2000)	0.89
" Abacavir in combination with lamivudine and zidovudine provides a simple and convenient dosage regimen which is generally well tolerated, able to produce sustained suppression of viral replication and has the advantage of sparing other classes of antiretroviral drugs for subsequent use."	( Abacavir: a review of its clinical potential in patients with HIV infection. Hervey, PS; Perry, CM, 2000)	2.66
") or three-times-daily dosage schedule to 62 HIV-infected adults, 59 of whom had pharmacokinetic data."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor amprenavir after multiple oral dosing. Gillotin, C; Lou, Y; Sadler, BM; Stein, DS, 2001)	0.31
"Steady-state pharmacokinetics of ABC, 3TC, and ZDV were assessed after dosing with ABC-COM and the triple combination tablet."	( A comparison of the steady-state pharmacokinetics and safety of abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine taken as a triple combination tablet and as abacavir plus a lamivudine-zidovudine double combination tablet by HIV-1-infected adults. Crémieux, AC; Demarles, D; Gillotin, C; Katlama, C; Raffi, F; Yuen, GJ, 2001)	0.55
" The dosage is 300 mg taken orally twice daily; however, optimal use of 1592 remains unknown."	( Preliminary report on 1592. , 1997)	0.3
" All three drugs are currently available through expanded access programs, are dosed either once or twice daily, and can be taken with or without food."	( I want a new drug. An overview of three new anti-HIV drugs. Simmons, P, 1998)	0.3
" The dosage regimens and limitations are described for each drug."	( Four new antiretroviral medications will soon offer more options to HIV patients. Murphy, MJ, )	0.13
" Abacavir is also attracting attention due to its potency and dosing convenience."	( Dupont pharmaceuticals study 006 for Sustiva. Bartlett, JG, 1998)	1.21
" On recommendation from Federal guidelines, many treatment regimens approved for adults are being prescribed for children, but these have little information available about dosing and long-term effects."	( Antivirals and children. , 1998)	0.3
" As a potent alternative to HAART, NNRTI's offer easier dosing and appear to have similar results, albeit in the short-term."	( Antivirals update. , 1998)	0.3
" Ziagen appears to have significant antiviral activity, and its dosage is one pill twice a day."	( Glaxo Wellcome's two new drugs. , 1998)	0.3
" Results of clinical trials are summarized, and dosing options and side effects are detailed."	( Product information. Bartlett, JG, 1999)	0.3
" Information on each drug, such as the name of the drug, the dosage normally prescribed, and cost of treatment is listed."	( What they say about: nucleoside drugs. , )	0.13
" Information on dosing and side effects is given."	( Abacavir update. , 1998)	1.74
" Several studies of regimens that include protease inhibitors compare dosing twice daily to three times a day."	( Antivirals update. , 1998)	0.3
" Progress is also highlighted about dosing regimens, antiretroviral resistance, and reconstitution of the immune system."	( Moving forward: a treatment overview from the 12th World AIDS Conference. Agosto, M, 1998)	0.3
" After an overnight fast, the subjects received their abacavir dosage (600 or 300 mg)."	( Pharmacokinetics of abacavir in HIV-1-infected patients with impaired renal function. Aymard, G; Deray, G; Izzedine, H; Launay-Vacher, V; Legrand, M, 2001)	0.88
" Therefore, dosage adjustment is not necessary in patients with renal insufficiency."	( Pharmacokinetics of abacavir in HIV-1-infected patients with impaired renal function. Aymard, G; Deray, G; Izzedine, H; Launay-Vacher, V; Legrand, M, 2001)	0.63
" However, at circa day 18 of the experiment, there was a small increase in viral output of p24 in the once-daily dosing unit."	( Pharmacodynamics of abacavir in an in vitro hollow-fiber model system. Bilello, JA; Bilello, PA; Bye, A; Drusano, GL; McDowell, J; Stein, DS; Symonds, WT, 2002)	0.64
"37) were similar regardless of the dosing regimen."	( Indinavir, efavirenz, and abacavir pharmacokinetics in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. Cha, R; DiCenzo, R; Fischl, MA; Forrest, A; Hammer, SM; Morse, GD; Squires, KE; Wu, H, 2003)	0.62
" Compared with amprenavir 1,200 mg BID, both GW433908 1,395 mg BID and GW433908 1,860 mg BID delivered equivalent steady-state (ss) values for area under the plasma amprenavir concentration-time curve (AUC) at the end of a dosing interval (tau), lower maximum plasma amprenavir concentrations (30% lower), and higher plasma amprenavir concentrations at the end of a dosing interval (28% higher for GW433908 1,395 mg BID and 46% higher for GW433908 1,860 mg BID)."	( Six-week randomized controlled trial to compare the tolerabilities, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activities of GW433908 and amprenavir in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients. Arasteh, K; Eron, J; Millard, J; Naderer, OJ; Pollard, RB; Raffi, F; Stellbrink, HJ; Teofilo, E; Wire, MB; Wood, R; Yeo, J, 2004)	0.32
" GW433908 was generally well tolerated and provides a convenient dosing option without food or fluid restrictions."	( The NEAT study: a 48-week open-label study to compare the antiviral efficacy and safety of GW433908 versus nelfinavir in antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-1-infected patients. Boghossian, J; Gray, GE; Millard, JM; Nadler, JP; Quinones, AR; Rodriguez-French, A; Sepulveda, GE; Wannamaker, PG, 2004)	0.32
" Dosing schedule comprised (co-formulated) zidovudine, lamivudine, and abacavir bid."	( Simplified therapy with zidovudine, lamivudine, and abacavir for very nonadherent, treatment-failing patients. Carmona, A; Colomés, JL; Gimeno, JL; Gonzalez, A; Guelar, A; Knobel, H; Pedrol, E; Saballs, P; Soler, A; Vallecillo, G, )	0.62
"To compare dosing convenience and adherence with abacavir (ABC) 300 mg plus a fixed-dose lamivudine 150 mg/zidovudine 300 mg combination tablet (COM) twice daily versus indinavir (IDV) plus COM twice daily in treatment-naïve, HIV-1-infected adults; and to evaluate the association among difficulty taking antiretroviral regimens, adherence, and virologic efficacy."	( Predictors of adherence and virologic outcome in HIV-infected patients treated with abacavir- or indinavir-based triple combination HAART also containing lamivudine/zidovudine. Cahn, P; Carosi, G; Jordan, JC; Pharo, CE; Schechter, M; Smaill, F; Soto-Ramirez, L; Steel, HM; Thomas, NE; Vibhagool, A, 2004)	0.8
" The efficacy of the current recommended abacavir dosage for patients with high bodyweight should be evaluated in further studies."	( Weight related differences in the pharmacokinetics of abacavir in HIV-infected patients. Chappuy, H; Dimet, J; Dupin, N; Jullien, V; Pons, G; Rey, E; Salmon, D; Tréluyer, JM; Urien, S, 2005)	0.84
" This study confirms the relevance of the current weight-based abacavir dosage regimen in pediatric patients."	( Abacavir pharmacokinetics in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children ranging in age from 1 month to 16 years: a population analysis. Blanche, S; Chappuy, H; Dimet, J; Jullien, V; Pons, G; Rey, E; Tréluyer, JM; Urien, S, 2005)	2.01
" ABC administered once daily in combination with 3TC and EFV administered once daily was non-inferior to the ABC twice-daily dosing schedule when combined with 3TC and EFV over 48 weeks."	( Abacavir once or twice daily combined with once-daily lamivudine and efavirenz for the treatment of antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected adults: results of the Ziagen Once Daily in Antiretroviral Combination Study. Cahn, P; Castillo, SA; Craig, C; DeJesus, E; Gordon, DN; Moyle, GJ; Scott, TR; Zhao, H, 2005)	1.77
"Several proofs of principle have established that pharmacogenetic testing for mutations altering expression and functions of genes associated with drug disposition and response can decrease the "trial-and-error" dosing and reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions."	( Pharmacogenetic testing: proofs of principle and pharmacoeconomic implications. Dervieux, T; Meshkin, B; Neri, B, 2005)	0.33
" Intensive plasma PK sampling was performed at steady state, after which children switched to q24h dosing and PK sampling was repeated 4 weeks later."	( Plasma pharmacokinetics of once- versus twice-daily lamivudine and abacavir: simplification of combination treatment in HIV-1-infected children (PENTA-13). Bergshoeff, A; Burger, D; Farrelly, L; Flynn, J; Gibb, D; Khoo, S; Le Prevost, M; Lyall, H; Novelli, V; Verweij, C; Walker, S, 2005)	0.56
"AUC0-24 and Cmax of both 3TC and ABC q24h were not inferior to q12h dosing in children."	( Plasma pharmacokinetics of once- versus twice-daily lamivudine and abacavir: simplification of combination treatment in HIV-1-infected children (PENTA-13). Bergshoeff, A; Burger, D; Farrelly, L; Flynn, J; Gibb, D; Khoo, S; Le Prevost, M; Lyall, H; Novelli, V; Verweij, C; Walker, S, 2005)	0.56
"To review the safety and efficacy of a once-daily dosage regimen for abacavir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor."	( Once-daily abacavir in place of twice-daily administration. Goedken, AM; Herman, RA, )	0.76
"Antiretroviral combinations that reduce the number of pills and dosing frequency have the potential to simplify therapy."	( Early virologic nonresponse to tenofovir, abacavir, and lamivudine in HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive subjects. Berger, DS; Gallant, JE; Johnson, J; Liao, Q; Lim, ML; Rodriguez, AE; Ross, L; Shaefer, MS; Weinberg, WG; Young, B, 2005)	0.59
" It achieves comparable suppression of plasma HIV RNA with the pill's individual components dosed twice daily and with thymidine analogs combined with lamivudine."	( Fixed dose combination abacavir/lamivudine in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Anderson, AM; Bartlett, JA, 2005)	0.64
" Acceptability of once daily drugs was best when the whole regimen was dosed once daily."	( Adherence and acceptability of once daily Lamivudine and abacavir in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infected children. Burger, DM; Clapson, M; Farrelly, L; Flynn, J; Gibb, DM; Green, H; Head, S; LePrevost, M; Lyall, H; Novelli, V; Walker, AS, 2006)	0.58
" As adherence is crucial for treatment success, regimens with fewer pills, simpler dosing schedules and fewer adverse events have become the first choice for antiretroviral therapy."	( Abacavir/lamividune combination in the treatment of HIV-1 infection: a review. Moyle, G; Waters, L, 2006)	1.78
" A formulation of abacavir sulfate/lamivudine/zidovudine allows a dosing schedule of one pill twice daily."	( Abacavir sulfate/lamivudine/zidovudine fixed combination in the treatment of HIV infection. Keiser, P; Nassar, N, 2007)	2.12
" Depending on the intended indication and dosing regimen, PPL can delay or stop development of a compound in the drug discovery process."	( Evaluation of a published in silico model and construction of a novel Bayesian model for predicting phospholipidosis inducing potential. Gehlhaar, D; Greene, N; Johnson, TO; Pelletier, DJ; Tilloy-Ellul, A, )	0.13
" TDM is useful to determine the best dosage regimen adapted to each patient."	( Determination of abacavir, amprenavir, didanosine, efavirenz, nevirapine, and stavudine concentration in human plasma by MALDI-TOF/TOF. Alonzi, T; Ascenzi, P; Mancone, C; Narciso, P; Notari, S; Tripodi, M, 2008)	0.69
"Patients prefer fewer pills and once-daily (qd) dosing without food restrictions."	( Switching from twice-daily abacavir and lamivudine to the once-daily fixed-dose combination tablet of abacavir and lamivudine improves patient adherence and satisfaction with therapy. Gazzard, BG; Jackson, A; Maitland, D; Mandalia, S; Moyle, GJ; Osorio, J, 2008)	0.64
"017); dosing compliance 97."	( Switching from twice-daily abacavir and lamivudine to the once-daily fixed-dose combination tablet of abacavir and lamivudine improves patient adherence and satisfaction with therapy. Gazzard, BG; Jackson, A; Maitland, D; Mandalia, S; Moyle, GJ; Osorio, J, 2008)	0.64
" RBV dosing was 213."	( Abacavir does not influence the rate of virological response in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients treated with pegylated interferon and weight-adjusted ribavirin. Bonet, L; Cifuentes, C; Gatell, JM; Laguno, M; Laufer, N; Mallolas, J; Murillas, J; Perez, I; Veloso, S; Vidal, F, 2008)	1.79
" In 27 evaluable subjects, the regimens provided bioequivalent ABC daily areas under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC(0-24)) and comparable CBV-TP concentrations at the end of the dosing interval (C(tau))."	( Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. Boffito, M; Fletcher, C; Guerini, EM; Hay, PE; Higgs, C; Lou, Y; Min, SS; Moyle, G; Song, IH; Yuen, GJ, 2009)	0.63
" Statistical analyses were performed on pharmacokinetic parameters: the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 4 h (AUC(0-4)), the maximum concentration of the drug (C(max)), and the residual concentration of the drug at the end of the dosing interval (C(trough)) for plasma and the AUC(0-4) and C(trough) for intracellular data."	( Pilot pharmacokinetic study of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF): investigation of systemic and intracellular interactions between TDF and abacavir, lamivudine, or lopinavir-ritonavir. Ayen, R; Clotet, B; Grassi, J; Levi, M; Negredo, E; Pruvost, A; Puig, J; Théodoro, F, 2009)	0.54
" Therefore, dosing adolescents as adults should be reexamined."	( Abacavir and metabolite pharmacokinetics in HIV-1-infected children and adolescents. Cross, SJ; D'angelo, LJ; Lindsey, JC; Robbins, BL; Rodman, JH; Rose, CH; Yuen, GJ, 2009)	1.8
"The establishment of a rationale for determining dosing regimens in pediatric patients remains a challenge in drug development."	( A model-based approach to dose selection in early pediatric development. Burger, D; Cella, M; Danhof, M; Della Pasqua, O; Gorter de Vries, F, 2010)	0.36
"Once-daily dosing of abacavir and lamivudine has been approved for adults, but paediatric data are insufficient."	( Pharmacokinetic study of once-daily versus twice-daily abacavir and lamivudine in HIV type-1-infected children aged 3-<36 months. , 2010)	0.93
"No data on once-daily dosing of nucleoside analogues in African children currently exist."	( Pharmacokinetics and acceptability of once- versus twice-daily lamivudine and abacavir in HIV type-1-infected Ugandan children in the ARROW Trial. Adkison, K; Bakeera-Kitaka, S; Burger, D; Gibb, DM; Kekitiinwa, A; Kendall, L; Mugyenyi, P; Musiime, V; Musoke, P; Odongo, F; Snowden, WB; Thomason, M; Walker, AS, 2010)	0.59
" For both children and caregivers, once-daily dosing of lamivudine plus abacavir was highly acceptable and strongly preferred over twice-daily."	( Pharmacokinetics and acceptability of once- versus twice-daily lamivudine and abacavir in HIV type-1-infected Ugandan children in the ARROW Trial. Adkison, K; Bakeera-Kitaka, S; Burger, D; Gibb, DM; Kekitiinwa, A; Kendall, L; Mugyenyi, P; Musiime, V; Musoke, P; Odongo, F; Snowden, WB; Thomason, M; Walker, AS, 2010)	0.82
" Once-daily dosing of abacavir and lamivudine could provide an alternative dosing strategy for HIV-1-infected children, with high acceptability and strong preference suggesting the potential for improved adherence."	( Pharmacokinetics and acceptability of once- versus twice-daily lamivudine and abacavir in HIV type-1-infected Ugandan children in the ARROW Trial. Adkison, K; Bakeera-Kitaka, S; Burger, D; Gibb, DM; Kekitiinwa, A; Kendall, L; Mugyenyi, P; Musiime, V; Musoke, P; Odongo, F; Snowden, WB; Thomason, M; Walker, AS, 2010)	0.9
" We proposed a systematic classification scheme using FDA-approved drug labeling to assess the DILI potential of drugs, which yielded a benchmark dataset with 287 drugs representing a wide range of therapeutic categories and daily dosage amounts."	( FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury. Chen, M; Fang, H; Liu, Z; Shi, Q; Tong, W; Vijay, V, 2011)	0.37
" Standard dosage regimen is associated with large interindividual variability in abacavir concentrations."	( Population pharmacokinetics and maximum a posteriori probability Bayesian estimator of abacavir: application of individualized therapy in HIV-infected infants and toddlers. Burger, D; Cella, M; Della Pasqua, O; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Zhao, W, 2012)	0.83
"To develop a population pharmacokinetic model for abacavir in HIV-infected infants and toddlers, which will be used to describe both once and twice daily pharmacokinetic profiles, identify covariates that explain variability and propose optimal time points to optimize the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) targeted dosage and individualize therapy."	( Population pharmacokinetics and maximum a posteriori probability Bayesian estimator of abacavir: application of individualized therapy in HIV-infected infants and toddlers. Burger, D; Cella, M; Della Pasqua, O; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Zhao, W, 2012)	0.85
"To assess whether an adaptive design in early clinical trials based on the paradigm of variable dosing and controlled exposure can provide better dosing recommendations compared with the standard fixed dose approach."	( Adaptive trials in paediatric development: dealing with heterogeneity and uncertainty in pharmacokinetic differences in children. Cella, M; Danhof, M; Della Pasqua, O, 2012)	0.38
"Adaptive randomization can be used to optimize dosing regimens in early paediatric clinical trials."	( Adaptive trials in paediatric development: dealing with heterogeneity and uncertainty in pharmacokinetic differences in children. Cella, M; Danhof, M; Della Pasqua, O, 2012)	0.38
" In April 2011 due to an augmentation in creatinine plasma levels, a reduction in lamivudine dosage to 100 mg/day and the prescription of abacavir 300 mg/day became necessary."	( A case of adverse drug reaction induced by dispensing error. Caroleo, B; De Sarro, G; Di Mizio, G; Gallelli, L; Palleria, C; Staltari, O, 2012)	0.58
" Model-based predictions showed that equivalent systemic exposure was achieved after once and twice daily dosing regimens."	( Population pharmacokinetics of abacavir in infants, toddlers and children. Burger, D; Danhof, M; Della Pasqua, O; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Piana, C; Zhao, W, 2013)	0.68
" Through dose-response experiments, we established relative inhibitory potencies of NRTIs on in vitro telomerase activity as compared to the inhibitory potencies of the corresponding dideoxynucleotide triphosphates."	( In vitro and ex vivo inhibition of human telomerase by anti-HIV nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) but not by non-NRTIs. Côté, HC; Hukezalie, KR; Thumati, NR; Wong, JM, 2012)	0.38
"Standard LPV dosing achieved therapeutic levels in pregnancy and no appreciable concentrations in breast milk."	( Therapeutic levels of lopinavir in late pregnancy and abacavir passage into breast milk in the Mma Bana Study, Botswana. Capparelli, E; Essex, M; Leidner, J; Lockman, S; Makhema, J; Moffat, C; Moss, M; Moyo, S; Ogwu, A; Rossi, S; Shapiro, RL, 2013)	0.64
"Regimen simplification can be defined as a change in established effective therapy to reduce pill burden and dosing frequency, to enhance tolerability, or to decrease specific food and fluid requirements."	( Abacavir-based triple nucleoside regimens for maintenance therapy in patients with HIV. Bosco, O; Cruciani, M; Malena, M; Mengoli, C; Parisi, SG; Serpelloni, G, 2013)	1.83
"The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guidelines for HLA-B Genotype and Abacavir Dosing were originally published in April 2012."	( Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guidelines for HLA-B Genotype and Abacavir Dosing: 2014 update. Dong, BJ; Freimuth, RR; Haas, DW; Hicks, JK; Hoffman, JM; Klein, TE; Kroetz, DL; Martin, MA; Pirmohamed, M; Wilkinson, MR, 2014)	0.84
" Thus, it seems unnecessary to adapt the ABC dosing regimen during pregnancy."	( Population pharmacokinetics of abacavir in pregnant women. Fauchet, F; Hirt, D; Pannier, E; Préta, LH; Treluyer, JM; Urien, S; Valade, E, 2014)	0.69
" Absence of hypersensitivity reactions, superior resistance profile and once-daily dosing favours abacavir for African children, supporting WHO 2013 guidelines."	( Abacavir, zidovudine, or stavudine as paediatric tablets for African HIV-infected children (CHAPAS-3): an open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. Abongomera, G; Asiimwe, A; Burger, D; Chabala, C; Chintu, C; Cook, AD; Gibb, DM; Kekitiinwa, A; Kenny, J; Kityo, C; Klein, N; McIlleron, H; Mirembe, G; Mulenga, V; Musiime, V; Owen-Powell, E; Thomason, MJ; Walker, AS, 2016)	2.09
" And while the drug elvitegravir has been inserted into a four-drug combination pill providing a once-daily dosing alternative, dolutegravir has demonstrated superiority in terms of its efficacy and resistance."	( The preclinical discovery and development of dolutegravir for the treatment of HIV. Bailly, F; Cotelle, P, 2015)	0.42
" New drugs that offer new mechanisms of action, improvements in potency and activity even against multidrug-resistant viruses, dosing convenience, and tolerability have been approved."	( [Companion Diagnostics for Selecting Antiretroviral Drugs against HIV-1]. Fukutake, K, 2015)	0.42
" Once-daily dosing could improve adherence."	( Once vs twice-daily abacavir and lamivudine in African children. Cook, A; Gibb, DM; Kasirye, P; Mhute, T; Mugarura, L; Munjoma, M; Musiime, V; Nahirya-Ntege, P; Naidoo-James, B; Nankya, I; Ndashimye, E; Snowden, W; Spyer, MJ; Thomason, MJ; Thoofer, NK; Walker, AS, 2016)	0.76
"Simplified dosing regimens are important for patients who face challenges in adhering to HIV-1 therapy."	( Dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine versus current ART in virally suppressed patients (STRIIVING): a 48-week, randomized, non-inferiority, open-label, Phase IIIb study. Aboud, M; Brennan, C; Brinson, C; Granier, C; Hopking, J; Koteff, JA; Lake, JE; Logue, K; Santiago, L; Trottier, B; Wynne, B, 2017)	0.82
" The risk for cumulative exposure followed a bell-shaped dose-response curve peaking at 24-months of exposure."	( Risk of cardiovascular events from current, recent, and cumulative exposure to abacavir among persons living with HIV who were receiving antiretroviral therapy in the United States: a cohort study. Baxi, SM; Dorjee, K; Hubbard, A; Reingold, AL, 2017)	0.68
" Alternative formulations with acceptable palatability and convenient dosing are needed for children who require smaller doses and have difficulty swallowing tablets."	( Effects of Low- and High-Mineral Content Water on the Relative Bioavailability of a Coformulated Abacavir/Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Dispersible Tablet in Healthy Adults. Buchanan, AM; Casillas, L; Joshi, S; Shaik, JSB; Shreeves, T; Singh, RP; Skoura, N, 2018)	0.7
"A phase 1, open-label, randomized study was conducted in healthy adults to evaluate the relative bioavailability of a novel dispersible FDC tablet of abacavir 150 mg/dolutegravir 10 mg/lamivudine 75 mg administered under 4 different dosing conditions compared with dolutegravir plus abacavir/lamivudine nondispersible, film-coated tablets."	( Effects of Low- and High-Mineral Content Water on the Relative Bioavailability of a Coformulated Abacavir/Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Dispersible Tablet in Healthy Adults. Buchanan, AM; Casillas, L; Joshi, S; Shaik, JSB; Shreeves, T; Singh, RP; Skoura, N, 2018)	0.9
" Neither the mineral content of the water nor dosing times affected the pharmacokinetics of individual components."	( Effects of Low- and High-Mineral Content Water on the Relative Bioavailability of a Coformulated Abacavir/Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Dispersible Tablet in Healthy Adults. Buchanan, AM; Casillas, L; Joshi, S; Shaik, JSB; Shreeves, T; Singh, RP; Skoura, N, 2018)	0.7
" The study supports the use of weight-band dosage tables."	( Population pharmacokinetics of abacavir and lamivudine in severely malnourished human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in relation to treatment outcomes. Archary, M; Bobat, R; Hennig, S; LaRussa, P; Mcllleron, H; Sibaya, T; Wiesner, L, 2019)	0.8
" partial least square (PLS) and genetic algorithm (GA) were utilized for the simultaneous determination of the vital ternary antiretroviral therapy dolutegravir (DTG), lamivudine (LMV), and abacavir (ACV) in their combined dosage form."	( Analysis of the ternary antiretroviral therapy dolutegravir, lamivudine and abacavir using UV spectrophotometry and chemometric tools. Abdelzaher, AM; Elmaaty, AA; Hasan, MA; Serag, A; Tolba, EH, 2022)	1.14
"No evidence-based optimal dosing guidance is available for abacavir liquid formulation use from birth."	( Abacavir dosing in neonates from birth to 3 months of life: a population pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation study. Bekker, A; Browning, R; Cababasay, M; Capparelli, EV; Cotton, MF; Cressey, TR; Decloedt, E; Mathiba, R; Mirochnick, M; Moye, J; Nakwa, FL; Rabie, H; Samson, P; Violari, A; Wang, J; Wiesner, L; Wiznia, A, 2022)	2.41
" A fixed weight-band dosing strategy of 8 mg (for 2-3 kg), 10 mg (3-4 kg), and 12 mg (4-5 kg) abacavir twice daily achieved target exposures throughout the first 4 weeks of life without the need for dose adjustment due to age or bodyweight changes."	( Abacavir dosing in neonates from birth to 3 months of life: a population pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation study. Bekker, A; Browning, R; Cababasay, M; Capparelli, EV; Cotton, MF; Cressey, TR; Decloedt, E; Mathiba, R; Mirochnick, M; Moye, J; Nakwa, FL; Rabie, H; Samson, P; Violari, A; Wang, J; Wiesner, L; Wiznia, A, 2022)	2.38
"Integration of these dosing strategies into national and international guidelines for the abacavir liquid formulation will expand antiretroviral options from birth and simplify the clinical management of neonates with HIV."	( Abacavir dosing in neonates from birth to 3 months of life: a population pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation study. Bekker, A; Browning, R; Cababasay, M; Capparelli, EV; Cotton, MF; Cressey, TR; Decloedt, E; Mathiba, R; Mirochnick, M; Moye, J; Nakwa, FL; Rabie, H; Samson, P; Violari, A; Wang, J; Wiesner, L; Wiznia, A, 2022)	2.39
"The pharmacokinetics of abacavir (ABC) in African children living with HIV (CLHIV) weighing <14 kg and receiving pediatric fixed dose combinations (FDC) according to WHO weight bands dosing are limited."	( Abacavir Drug Exposures in African Children Under 14 kg Using Pediatric Solid Fixed Dose Combinations According to World Health Organization Weight Bands. Bukusi, EA; Chupradit, S; Cressey, TR; Kekitiinwa, AR; Maleche-Obimbo, E; Mbuthia, JK; Musiime, V; Mwanga-Amumpaire, J; Nyandiko, WM; Punyawudho, B; Swanson, A; Wamalwa, DC, 2023)	2.66
"Lowering the ABC dosage to 30 mg twice daily or 60 mg once daily for children weighing 3-5."	( Abacavir Drug Exposures in African Children Under 14 kg Using Pediatric Solid Fixed Dose Combinations According to World Health Organization Weight Bands. Bukusi, EA; Chupradit, S; Cressey, TR; Kekitiinwa, AR; Maleche-Obimbo, E; Mbuthia, JK; Musiime, V; Mwanga-Amumpaire, J; Nyandiko, WM; Punyawudho, B; Swanson, A; Wamalwa, DC, 2023)	2.35

Role	Description
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor	An entity which inhibits the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
antiviral drug	A substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of virus diseases.
drug allergen	Any drug which causes the onset of an allergic reaction.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
2,6-diaminopurines	Any aminopurine that has amino substituents at positions 2 and 6, and their substituted derivatives.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Abacavir ADME	6	24
Abacavir transmembrane transport	2	5
Abacavir metabolism	4	23
Abacavir Action Pathway	0	5
Drug ADME	63	87

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Luciferase	Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)	Potency	11.4239	0.0072	15.7588	89.3584	AID624030
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	23.9185	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1645841
cytochrome P450 2D6	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	30.1116	0.0010	8.3798	61.1304	AID1645840
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	0.0355	20.9770	89.1251	AID504332
peripheral myelin protein 22	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.9074	0.0056	12.3677	36.1254	AID624032
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	500.0000	0.0002	2.3185	10.0000	AID1122141; AID1122142; AID1122143
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	IC50 (µMol)	18.6250	0.0040	2.9266	9.9600	AID1805801
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	IC50 (µMol)	18.6250	0.0002	2.4585	9.9600	AID1805801
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	IC50 (µMol)	0.1300	0.0001	1.0768	10.0000	AID393069
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	385.0000	0.0040	1.9666	10.0000	AID1873200
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	44.0000	0.0893	3.3135	8.0000	AID1238542
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	EC50 (µMol)	10.4000	0.0004	0.6153	9.7000	AID200001; AID200002
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cellular response to starvation	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitochondrial depolarization	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to calcium ion starvation	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular oxidant detoxification	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
transport	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid translocation	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
terpenoid transport	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of response to osmotic stress	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transport	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferation	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
ceramide translocation	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membrane	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of anion channel activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic acid transmembrane transport	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membrane	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrier	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chloride transport	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont-mediated perturbation of host ubiquitin-like protein modification	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
lipid transport	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transport	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
urate transport	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
biotin transport	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
sphingolipid biosynthetic process	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
riboflavin transport	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
urate metabolic process	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transport	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
renal urate salt excretion	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membrane	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular detoxification	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrier	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
oxygen binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
toxic substance binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
antioxidant activity	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
pyridoxal phosphate binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
exogenous protein binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
enterobactin binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylcholine floppase activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylethanolamine flippase activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
ceramide floppase activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
floppase activity	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
5'-3' RNA helicase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
K63-linked deubiquitinase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
K48-linked deubiquitinase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA guanylyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA endonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
ISG15-specific peptidase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
5'-3' RNA helicase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
protein guanylyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
protein binding	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
urate transmembrane transporter activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
biotin transmembrane transporter activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
riboflavin transmembrane transporter activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
sphingolipid transporter activity	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular region	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumen	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule lumen	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
blood microparticle	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membrane	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	Homo sapiens (human)
double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
nucleoplasm	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
brush border membrane	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial membrane	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membrane	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID555987	Weight normalized AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in HIV infected male patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID548829	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 188 harboring reverse transcriptase T215Y/M184V mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID548808	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 212 harboring reverse transcriptase L210W/T215Y mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID548833	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 201 harboring reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID548585	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 162 harboring reverse transcriptase A62V/V75I/F77L/Y115F/F116Y/Q151M/M184V mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID548810	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 217 harboring reverse transcriptase D67N/K70E/M184V mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID588210	Human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) modelling dataset from Ekins et al	2010	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 38, Issue:12	A predictive ligand-based Bayesian model for human drug-induced liver injury.
AID261861	Inhibition of HBV L180M/ M204V mutant transfected in D88 cell line	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 49, Issue:6	Inhibition of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication by pyrimidines bearing an acyclic moiety: effect on wild-type and mutant HBV.
AID548814	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 061 harboring reverse transcriptase M41L/D67N/K70R/M184V/L210W/T215Y/K219E mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID555748	Weight normalized Cmax in HIV infected patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID236437	Area under the plasma concentration-time curve in monkey after peroral dosage	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID625285	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID540213	Half life in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID548572	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 057 expressing wild type reverse transcriptase gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID548839	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 215 harboring reverse transcriptase D67N/K70E mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID246207	Effective concentration against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in PBL cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID246210	Effective concentration against human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in MT-4 cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID317374	Antiviral activity against HIV with reverse transcriptase K65R mutation in MT4 cells assessed as fold resistance relative to wild type	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 17, Issue:24	Synthesis, anti-HIV activity, and resistance profiles of ribose modified nucleoside phosphonates.
AID328843	Inhibition of human MRP3 expressed in MDCK2 cells assessed as increase in intracellular CMF fluorescence by CMFDA assay	2007	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Mar, Volume: 35, Issue:3	Inhibition of MRP1/ABCC1, MRP2/ABCC2, and MRP3/ABCC3 by nucleoside, nucleotide, and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
AID548815	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 063 harboring reverse transcriptase M41L/D67N/K70R/M184V/L210W/T215Y/K219E mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID548806	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 206 harboring reverse transcriptase D67N/K70R mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID246206	Effective concentration against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in MT-4 cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID625289	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625288	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID311524	Oral bioavailability in human	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 15, Issue:24	Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability.
AID556003	Weight normalized Cmax in HIV infected female patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID1269246	Cytotoxicity against human TZM-bl cells after 2 days by colorimetric XTT assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 26, Issue:2	Aspernigrins with anti-HIV-1 activities from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus niger SCSIO Jcsw6F30.
AID422693	Antiviral activity against HIV1 with reverse transcriptase K70E M184V and K70G M184V mutation by antivirogram biological cutoffs assay relative to wild type HIV1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Novel drug resistance pattern associated with the mutations K70G and M184V in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase.
AID548823	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 160 harboring reverse transcriptase S68G/V75(I/T)/F77L/Y115F/F116Y /Q151M mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID588208	Literature-mined public compounds from Lowe et al phospholipidosis modelling dataset	2010	Molecular pharmaceutics, Oct-04, Volume: 7, Issue:5	Predicting phospholipidosis using machine learning.
AID317371	Inhibition of wild type HIV reverse transcriptase	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 17, Issue:24	Synthesis, anti-HIV activity, and resistance profiles of ribose modified nucleoside phosphonates.
AID555993	AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in HIV infected female patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID200001	In vitro antiviral activity against HIV-1 Reverse transcriptase M184V mutant	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-16, Volume: 13, Issue:12	The role of 2',3'-unsaturation on the antiviral activity of anti-HIV nucleosides against 3TC-resistant mutant (M184V).
AID556524	Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 clone pNL4-3-Q145M harboring K102Q, Q145M, S162C, K277R, I293V mutation in reverse transcriptase by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates with the reverse transcriptase (RT) mutation Q145M retain nucleoside and nonnucleoside RT inhibitor susceptibility.
AID1122141	Inhibition of P-gp in human CMEC/D3 cells assessed as inhibition of NBD-Aba efflux after 30 mins by flow cytometry
AID548588	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 180 harboring reverse transcriptase K65R mutant gene obtained as site-directed mutant of NL4-3 by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID393073	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3a with reverse transcriptase M184V mutation in human MT2 cells assessed as inhibition of viral-induced cytopathic effect by XTT assay relative to wild type	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 17, Issue:4	Design, synthesis, and anti-HIV activity of 4'-modified carbocyclic nucleoside phosphonate reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
AID548805	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 204 harboring reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y/M184V mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID555986	Drug level at the end of dosing interval in HIV infected male patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID548807	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 211 harboring reverse transcriptase D67N/K70R/T215F/K219E/M184V mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID548825	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 166 harboring reverse transcriptase L74V mutant gene obtained as site-directed mutant of NL4-3 by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID548817	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 067 harboring reverse transcriptase A62V/D67G/T69SVG/V75I/T215I mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID555985	Cmax in HIV infected male patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID246383	Effective concentration against thymidine kinase deficient herpes simplex virus (HSV-2) in B2006 cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID625280	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID548799	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 188 harboring reverse transcriptase T215Y/M184V mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID548818	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 069 harboring reverse transcriptase D67E/T69SSG/V75M/M184V/L210W/T215Y mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID625290	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID540212	Mean residence time in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID200144	Ratio for inhibition of HIV-1 RT to that of type and HIV-1 RT M184V mutant was determined	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-16, Volume: 13, Issue:12	The role of 2',3'-unsaturation on the antiviral activity of anti-HIV nucleosides against 3TC-resistant mutant (M184V).
AID517837	Antiviral activity against drug resistant HBV infected in M204I cells assessed as inhibition of viral DNA replication	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 53, Issue:19	Antiviral activity of various 1-(2'-deoxy-β-D-lyxofuranosyl), 1-(2'-fluoro-β-D-xylofuranosyl), 1-(3'-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl), and 2'-fluoro-2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyribose pyrimidine nucleoside analogues against duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) and
AID328842	Inhibition of human MRP2 expressed in MDCK2 cells assessed as increase in intracellular CMF fluorescence by CMFDA assay	2007	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Mar, Volume: 35, Issue:3	Inhibition of MRP1/ABCC1, MRP2/ABCC2, and MRP3/ABCC3 by nucleoside, nucleotide, and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
AID1055510	Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in human CEM cells assessed as virus-induced giant cell formation after 4 days by microscopic analysis	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Volume: 70	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of phosphorodiamidate prodrugs of antiviral and anticancer nucleosides.
AID548583	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 157 harboring reverse transcriptase L74V/M184V mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID548828	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 185 harboring reverse transcriptase T215Y mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID1636357	Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 300 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of NA	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16	Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID612651	Activity of recombinant human ADAL1 expressed in Escherichia coli by UV-spectrophotometry	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 54, Issue:16	Adenosine deaminase-like protein 1 (ADAL1): characterization and substrate specificity in the hydrolysis of N(6)- or O(6)-substituted purine or 2-aminopurine nucleoside monophosphates.
AID1269247	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human TZM-bl cells to IC50 for HIV-1 SF162 infected in TZM-bl cells	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 26, Issue:2	Aspernigrins with anti-HIV-1 activities from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus niger SCSIO Jcsw6F30.
AID548804	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 203 harboring reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y/M184V mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID266286	Antiviral activity against HBV L180M/M204V mutant transfected in D88 cell line at 10 ug/mL	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 49, Issue:12	Effect of various pyrimidines possessing the 1-[(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy)methyl] moiety, able to mimic natural 2'-deoxyribose, on wild-type and mutant hepatitis B virus replication.
AID555988	Weight normalized Cmax in HIV infected male patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID625287	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID548574	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 060 harboring reverse transcriptase M41L/D67N/K70R/L210W/T215Y/K219E mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID555758	Cmax in HIV infected patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID517841	Antiviral activity against drug resistant HBV infected in M204I cells assessed as inhibition of viral DNA replication at 1 to 5 ug/mL	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 53, Issue:19	Antiviral activity of various 1-(2'-deoxy-β-D-lyxofuranosyl), 1-(2'-fluoro-β-D-xylofuranosyl), 1-(3'-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl), and 2'-fluoro-2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyribose pyrimidine nucleoside analogues against duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) and
AID1873200	Inhibition of human ABCG2 expressed in dog MDCK-II-BCRP cells mediated pheophorbide A efflux preincubated with PhA followed by compound addition and measured after 60 mins by flow cytometry	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237	Targeting breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2): Functional inhibitors and expression modulators.
AID556526	Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 clone Q9016 harboring K122E, Q145M, I202V, F214L mutation in reverse transcriptase by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates with the reverse transcriptase (RT) mutation Q145M retain nucleoside and nonnucleoside RT inhibitor susceptibility.
AID1122136	Inhibition of P-gp in human MCF7/DX1 cells assessed as cellular accumulation of BODIPY-prazosin up to 100 uM after 30 mins by flow cytometry
AID548575	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 061 harboring reverse transcriptase M41L/D67N/K70R/M184V/L210W/T215Y/K219E mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID555751	Weight normalized Cmax in HIV infected patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID423157	Antiviral activity against wild type HIV1 NL4-3 produced from full length pR9deltaApa infected in human MAGIC-5A cells assessed as inhibition of Lac+ foci expression after 40 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 exhibit comparable sensitivities to Zidovudine and other nucleoside analog inhibitors in vitro.
AID1055509	Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Volume: 70	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of phosphorodiamidate prodrugs of antiviral and anticancer nucleosides.
AID263531	Antiviral activity against HIV1 replication in CEM cell line	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 16, Issue:8	Abacavir prodrugs: microwave-assisted synthesis and their evaluation of anti-HIV activities.
AID548822	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 157 harboring reverse transcriptase L74V/M184V mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID548821	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 153 harboring reverse transcriptase L74V mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID245901	Cytostatic concentration required to inhibit MT-4 cell proliferation	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID548816	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 066 harboring reverse transcriptase 184V mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID548824	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 162 harboring reverse transcriptase A62V/V75I/F77L/Y115F/F116Y/Q151M/M184V mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID328844	Inhibition of human MRP2 expressed in MDCK2 cells assessed as increase in intracellular CMF fluorescence at 10 uM by CMFDA assay	2007	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Mar, Volume: 35, Issue:3	Inhibition of MRP1/ABCC1, MRP2/ABCC2, and MRP3/ABCC3 by nucleoside, nucleotide, and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
AID425653	Renal clearance in human	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID317369	Antiviral activity against wild type HIV	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 17, Issue:24	Synthesis, anti-HIV activity, and resistance profiles of ribose modified nucleoside phosphonates.
AID1122135	Inhibition of P-gp in human MCF7/DX1 cells assessed as cellular accumulation of doxorubicin up to 100 uM after 30 mins by flow cytometry
AID555990	Weight normalized AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in HIV infected male patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID555752	Weight normalized AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in HIV infected patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID555992	Weight normalized Drug level at the end of dosing interval in HIV infected male patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID423158	Antiviral activity against wild type HIV2 ROD produced from full length pROD9 infected in human MAGIC-5A cells assessed as inhibition of Lac+ foci expression after 40 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 exhibit comparable sensitivities to Zidovudine and other nucleoside analog inhibitors in vitro.
AID555756	Drug level at the end of dosing interval in HIV infected patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID555753	Cmax in HIV infected patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID317370	Cytotoxicity against human MT2 cells	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 17, Issue:24	Synthesis, anti-HIV activity, and resistance profiles of ribose modified nucleoside phosphonates.
AID425652	Total body clearance in human	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID625284	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID548571	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 056 expressing wild type reverse transcriptase gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID246257	Effective concentration against human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (ROD) in CEM cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID393072	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3a with reverse transcriptase K65R mutation in human MT2 cells assessed as inhibition of viral-induced cytopathic effect by XTT assay relative to wild type	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 17, Issue:4	Design, synthesis, and anti-HIV activity of 4'-modified carbocyclic nucleoside phosphonate reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
AID548578	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 067 harboring reverse transcriptase A62V/D67G/T69SVG/V75I/T215I mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID548577	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 066 harboring reverse transcriptase 184V mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID555780	Ratio of weight normalized Cmax in HIV infected patient at 600 mg QD to weight normalized Cmax in HIV infected patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID261858	Inhibition of HBV M204I mutant transfected in B1 cell line at 10 ug/mL	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 49, Issue:6	Inhibition of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication by pyrimidines bearing an acyclic moiety: effect on wild-type and mutant HBV.
AID548831	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 194 harboring reverse transcriptase M41L/T215Y/M184V mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID1604132	Inhibition of P-gp in human 12D7-MDR cells up to 500 uM using NBD-Aba as substrate after 30 mins by flow cytometric analysis relative to control	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5	Potential Tools for Eradicating HIV Reservoirs in the Brain: Development of Trojan Horse Prodrugs for the Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein with Anti-HIV-1 Activity.
AID555750	Weight normalized Drug level at the end of dosing interval in HIV infected patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID548801	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 194 harboring reverse transcriptase M41L/T215Y/M184V mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID1474167	Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status	2016	Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4	DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID393071	Cytotoxicity against human MT2 cells after 5 days	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 17, Issue:4	Design, synthesis, and anti-HIV activity of 4'-modified carbocyclic nucleoside phosphonate reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
AID548840	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 217 harboring reverse transcriptase D67N/K70E/M184V mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID555982	Cmax in HIV infected male patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID556006	Ratio of AUC in HIV infected female patient assessed as assessed as carbovir-triphosphate level per million cells to AUC in HIV infected female patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID245917	Cytostatic concentration required to inhibit Hep G2.2.15 cell proliferation	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID422695	Ratio of IC50 for HIV1 with reverse transcriptase K70G mutation to IC50 for wild type HIV1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Novel drug resistance pattern associated with the mutations K70G and M184V in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase.
AID263532	Cytotoxicity against CEM cell line	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 16, Issue:8	Abacavir prodrugs: microwave-assisted synthesis and their evaluation of anti-HIV activities.
AID1604114	Inhibition of P-gp in human 12D7-MDR cells up to 500 uM using calcein-AM as substrate after 30 mins by flow cytometric analysis relative to control	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5	Potential Tools for Eradicating HIV Reservoirs in the Brain: Development of Trojan Horse Prodrugs for the Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein with Anti-HIV-1 Activity.
AID556527	Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 clone 14682 harboring 122E, 135V, Q145V, 200A mutation in reverse transcriptase by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates with the reverse transcriptase (RT) mutation Q145M retain nucleoside and nonnucleoside RT inhibitor susceptibility.
AID548830	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 192 harboring reverse transcriptase M41L/T215Y mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID548836	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 206 harboring reverse transcriptase D67N/K70R mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID244631	Ratio of CC50 to that of EC50 against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in CEM cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID555996	AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in HIV infected female patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID555997	Cmax in HIV infected female patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID556005	Ratio of AUC in HIV infected male patient assessed as assessed as carbovir-triphosphate level per million cells to AUC in HIV infected male patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID555747	Weight normalized Drug level at the end of dosing interval in HIV infected patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID1269245	Antiviral activity against HIV-1 SF162 infected in TZM-bl cells after 2 days by luciferase reporter gene assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 26, Issue:2	Aspernigrins with anti-HIV-1 activities from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus niger SCSIO Jcsw6F30.
AID548826	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 174 harboring reverse transcriptase M184V mutant gene obtained as site-directed mutant of NL4-3 by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID317372	Antiviral activity against HIV with reverse transcriptase M184V mutation in MT4 cells assessed as fold resistance relative to wild type	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 17, Issue:24	Synthesis, anti-HIV activity, and resistance profiles of ribose modified nucleoside phosphonates.
AID252389	Intracellular concentration of metabolites (CBVTP) from 35-38 hrs in CEM cells after incubation with the compound (10 uM)	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID236448	Area under the plasma concentration-time curve in monkey after intravenous dosage	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID266280	Antiviral activity against HBV M204I mutant transfected in B1 cell line	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 49, Issue:12	Effect of various pyrimidines possessing the 1-[(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy)methyl] moiety, able to mimic natural 2'-deoxyribose, on wild-type and mutant hepatitis B virus replication.
AID246205	Effective concentration against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in CEM cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID625282	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID555755	AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in HIV infected patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID266288	Antiviral activity against HBV M204I mutant transfected in B1 cell line at 10 ug/mL	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 49, Issue:12	Effect of various pyrimidines possessing the 1-[(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy)methyl] moiety, able to mimic natural 2'-deoxyribose, on wild-type and mutant hepatitis B virus replication.
AID548835	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 204 harboring reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y/M184V mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID1122143	Inhibition of P-gp overexpressed in human 12D7-MDR cells assessed as inhibition of calcein-AM efflux after 30 mins by flow cytometry
AID556525	Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 clone 38086 harboring K49R, V60I, I135V, Q145M, Q174H, G196E, Q207E, R211K, V245K mutation in reverse transcriptase by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates with the reverse transcriptase (RT) mutation Q145M retain nucleoside and nonnucleoside RT inhibitor susceptibility.
AID236965	Time of maximum concentration was observed in monkey after oral dosage	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID237307	Terminal elimination half-life in monkey after intravenous dosage; NA = not applicable	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID393069	Inhibition on HIV1 reverse transcriptase p66/p51	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 17, Issue:4	Design, synthesis, and anti-HIV activity of 4'-modified carbocyclic nucleoside phosphonate reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
AID328841	Inhibition of human MRP1 expressed in MDCK2 cells assessed as increase in intracellular CMF fluorescence by CMFDA assay	2007	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Mar, Volume: 35, Issue:3	Inhibition of MRP1/ABCC1, MRP2/ABCC2, and MRP3/ABCC3 by nucleoside, nucleotide, and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
AID556001	Weight normalized Drug level at the end of dosing interval in HIV infected female patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID540210	Clearance in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID328845	Inhibition of human MRP3 expressed in MDCK2 cells assessed as increase in intracellular CMF fluorescence at 10 uM by CMFDA assay	2007	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Mar, Volume: 35, Issue:3	Inhibition of MRP1/ABCC1, MRP2/ABCC2, and MRP3/ABCC3 by nucleoside, nucleotide, and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
AID548832	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 200 harboring reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID555749	Weight normalized AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in HIV infected patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID1636356	Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP2C9-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 300 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of NA	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16	Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID555995	Drug level at the end of dosing interval in HIV infected female patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID423280	Antiviral activity against multinucleoside-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 harboring A62V, V75I, F77L, F116Y, Q151M mutation in viral reverse transcriptase infected in human MAGIC-5A cells assessed as inhibition of Lac+ foci expression after 40 hrs	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 exhibit comparable sensitivities to Zidovudine and other nucleoside analog inhibitors in vitro.
AID540211	Fraction unbound in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID540235	Phospholipidosis-negative literature compound
AID246401	Effective concentration against thymidine kinase deficient herpes simplex virus (HSV-2) in VMW-1837 cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID548837	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 211 harboring reverse transcriptase D67N/K70R/T215F/K219E/M184V mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID555765	Ratio of AUC in HIV infected patient assessed as carbovir-triphosphate level per million cells to AUC in HIV infected patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID555991	Weight normalized Cmax in HIV infected male patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID422692	Ratio of IC50 for HIV1 with reverse transcriptase K70G/M184V mutation to IC50 for wild type HIV1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Novel drug resistance pattern associated with the mutations K70G and M184V in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase.
AID625279	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1604130	Antiviral activity against HIV1 LAI infected in human 12D7 cells overexpressing p-gp assessed as reduction in P24 level at 0.08 to 1.25 uM incubated for 3 days followed by replacement of fresh medium containing compound and measured after 3 days by ELISA	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5	Potential Tools for Eradicating HIV Reservoirs in the Brain: Development of Trojan Horse Prodrugs for the Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein with Anti-HIV-1 Activity.
AID1122142	Inhibition of P-gp overexpressed in human 12D7-MDR cells assessed as inhibition of NBD-Aba efflux after 30 mins by flow cytometry
AID548820	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 071 harboring reverse transcriptase 65R/S68N/184V mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID548573	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 058 harboring reverse transcriptase M41L/D67N/K70R/L210W/T215F/K219Q mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID555984	AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in HIV infected male patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID393070	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3a infected human MT2 cells assessed as inhibition of viral-induced cytopathic effect after 3 days by XTT assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 17, Issue:4	Design, synthesis, and anti-HIV activity of 4'-modified carbocyclic nucleoside phosphonate reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
AID1055512	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human CEM cells assessed as virus-induced giant cell formation after 4 days by microscopic analysis	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Volume: 70	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of phosphorodiamidate prodrugs of antiviral and anticancer nucleosides.
AID540209	Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID555981	AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in HIV infected male patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID246046	Effective concentration against HBV in Hep G2.2.15 cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID555766	Ratio of AUC in HIV infected patient assessed as assessed as carbovir-triphosphate level per million cells to AUC in HIV infected patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID548841	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 220 harboring reverse transcriptase K70E/M184V mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID422694	Antiviral activity against HIV1 with reverse transcriptase K70E M184V and K70G M184V mutation by vircotype clinical cutoffs assay relative to wild type HIV1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Novel drug resistance pattern associated with the mutations K70G and M184V in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase.
AID548838	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 212 harboring reverse transcriptase L210W/T215Y mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID1055518	Cytostatic activity against human CEM cells assessed as growth inhibition after 3 days by particle counting analysis	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Volume: 70	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of phosphorodiamidate prodrugs of antiviral and anticancer nucleosides.
AID625292	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID244632	Ratio of CC50 to that of EC50 against human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in CEM cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID245914	Cytostatic concentration required to inhibit C3H/3T3 cell proliferation	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID200002	In vitro antiviral activity against HIV-1 Reverse transcriptase wild type	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-16, Volume: 13, Issue:12	The role of 2',3'-unsaturation on the antiviral activity of anti-HIV nucleosides against 3TC-resistant mutant (M184V).
AID1238542	Binding affinity to human serum albumin with excitation at 280 nm after 2 hrs by spectrofluorimetric analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 25, Issue:16	Ionic derivatives of betulinic acid exhibit antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2), but not HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID556004	Weight normalized Drug level at the end of dosing interval in HIV infected female patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID548587	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 174 harboring reverse transcriptase M184V mutant gene obtained as site-directed mutant of NL4-3 by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID625283	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID423281	Selectivity ratio of EC50 for multinucleoside-resistant HIV1 NL4-3 harboring A62V, V75I, F77L, F116Y, Q151M mutation in viral reverse transcriptase to EC50 for wild type HIV1 NL4-3	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 exhibit comparable sensitivities to Zidovudine and other nucleoside analog inhibitors in vitro.
AID246045	Effective concentration againstHBV in Hep G2.2.15 cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID555994	Cmax in HIV infected female patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID548579	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 069 harboring reverse transcriptase D67E/T69SSG/V75M/M184V/L210W/T215Y mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID548798	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 185 harboring reverse transcriptase T215Y mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID236215	Total plasma clearance in monkey after intravenous dosage; (n=3); NA = not applicable	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID548581	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 071 harboring reverse transcriptase 65R/S68N/184V mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID252391	Intracellular concentration of metabolites (CBV-MP) from 11-13 hrs in CEM cells after incubation with the compound (10 uM)	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID1636440	Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP2D6-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 300 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of NA	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16	Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID237577	Apparent half life value in monkey after oral dosage	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID625286	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID548800	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 192 harboring reverse transcriptase M41L/T215Y mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID245898	Cytostatic concentration required to inhibit CEM cell proliferation	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID328846	Inhibition of human MRP1 expressed in MDCK2 cells assessed as increase in intracellular CMF fluorescence at 10 uM by CMFDA assay	2007	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Mar, Volume: 35, Issue:3	Inhibition of MRP1/ABCC1, MRP2/ABCC2, and MRP3/ABCC3 by nucleoside, nucleotide, and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
AID252384	Intracellular concentration of metabolites (ABCMP) from 6-8 hrs in CEM cells after incubation with the compound (10 uM)	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID245913	Cytostatic concentration required to inhibit Hep G2 cell proliferation	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID422691	Ratio of IC50 for HIV1 with reverse transcriptase K70E/M184V mutation to IC50 for wild type HIV1	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	Novel drug resistance pattern associated with the mutations K70G and M184V in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase.
AID517842	Cytotoxicity against HuH7 cells	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 53, Issue:19	Antiviral activity of various 1-(2'-deoxy-β-D-lyxofuranosyl), 1-(2'-fluoro-β-D-xylofuranosyl), 1-(3'-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl), and 2'-fluoro-2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyribose pyrimidine nucleoside analogues against duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) and
AID556000	Weight normalized Cmax in HIV infected female patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID625276	FDA Liver Toxicity Knowledge Base Benchmark Dataset (LTKB-BD) drugs of most concern for DILI	2011	Drug discovery today, Aug, Volume: 16, Issue:15-16	FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury.
AID246347	Effective concentration against thymidine kinase competent herpes simplex virus (HSV-2) in G cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID548802	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 200 harboring reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID1122134	Inhibition of P-gp in human MCF7/DX1 cells assessed as cellular accumulation of [3H]-daunomycin up to 100 uM after 30 mins by scintillation counting analysis
AID555983	Drug level at the end of dosing interval in HIV infected male patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID548813	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 060 harboring reverse transcriptase M41L/D67N/K70R/L210W/T215Y/K219E mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID548576	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 063 harboring reverse transcriptase M41L/D67N/K70R/M184V/L210W/T215Y/K219E mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID556008	Ratio of AUC in HIV infected male patient assessed as carbovir-triphosphate level per million cells to AUC in HIV infected male patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID548809	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 215 harboring reverse transcriptase D67N/K70E mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID236624	Maximum concentration was observed in monkey after oral dosage	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID261859	Inhibition of HBV M204I mutant transfected in B1 cell line	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 49, Issue:6	Inhibition of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication by pyrimidines bearing an acyclic moiety: effect on wild-type and mutant HBV.
AID548803	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 201 harboring reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID555744	Ratio of Drug level at the end of dosing interval in HIV infected patient at 600 mg QD to Drug level at the end of dosing interval in HIV infected patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID555781	Ratio of weight normalized Drug level at the end of dosing interval in HIV infected patient at 600 mg QD to weight normalized Drug level at the end of dosing interval in HIV infected patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID317373	Antiviral activity against HIV with reverse transcriptase 6TAMs mutation in MT4 cells assessed as fold resistance relative to wild type	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 17, Issue:24	Synthesis, anti-HIV activity, and resistance profiles of ribose modified nucleoside phosphonates.
AID1055520	Cytostatic activity against mouse L1210 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 2 days by particle counting analysis	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Volume: 70	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of phosphorodiamidate prodrugs of antiviral and anticancer nucleosides.
AID252390	Intracellular concentration of metabolites (ABC +CBV) from 2-3 hrs in CEM cells after incubation with the compound (10 uM)	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID548580	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 070 harboring reverse transcriptase 65R/S68G mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID555989	Weight normalized Drug level at the end of dosing interval in HIV infected male patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID548819	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 070 harboring reverse transcriptase 65R/S68G mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID246363	Effective concentration against thymidine kinase competent herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) in KOS cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID548582	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 153 harboring reverse transcriptase L74V mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID555746	Ratio of AUC in HIV infected patient at 600 mg QD to AUC in HIV infected patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID625281	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID266281	Antiviral activity against HBV L180M/M204V mutant transfected in D88 cell line	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 49, Issue:12	Effect of various pyrimidines possessing the 1-[(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy)methyl] moiety, able to mimic natural 2'-deoxyribose, on wild-type and mutant hepatitis B virus replication.
AID555779	Ratio of weight normalized AUC in HIV infected patient at 600 mg QD to weight normalized AUC in HIV infected patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID548811	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 220 harboring reverse transcriptase K70E/M184V mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID548827	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 180 harboring reverse transcriptase K65R mutant gene obtained as site-directed mutant of NL4-3 by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID588209	Literature-mined public compounds from Greene et al multi-species hepatotoxicity modelling dataset	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jul-19, Volume: 23, Issue:7	Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity.
AID548586	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 166 harboring reverse transcriptase L74V mutant gene obtained as site-directed mutant of NL4-3 by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID1122133	Inhibition of P-gp in human MCF7/DX1 cells assessed as cellular accumulation of NBD-Aba up to 100 uM after 30 mins by flow cytometry
AID556007	Ratio of AUC in HIV infected female patient assessed as carbovir-triphosphate level per million cells to AUC in HIV infected female patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID1474166	Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index	2016	Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4	DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID245899	Cytostatic concentration required to inhibit HEL cell proliferation	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID1055516	Cytostatic activity against human HeLa cells assessed as growth inhibition after 3 days by particle counting analysis	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Volume: 70	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of phosphorodiamidate prodrugs of antiviral and anticancer nucleosides.
AID625291	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID556002	Weight normalized AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in HIV infected female patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID555999	Weight normalized AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in HIV infected female patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID555754	Drug level at the end of dosing interval in HIV infected patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID261860	Inhibition of HBV L180M/ M204V mutant transfected in D88 cell line at 10 ug/mL	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 49, Issue:6	Inhibition of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication by pyrimidines bearing an acyclic moiety: effect on wild-type and mutant HBV.
AID548584	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 160 harboring reverse transcriptase S68G/V75(I/T)/F77L/Y115F/F116Y /Q151M mutant gene by phenosense assay	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID555998	Drug level at the end of dosing interval in HIV infected female patient at 600 mg QD by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID555757	AUC (0 to 24 hrs) in HIV infected patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID246190	Effective concentration against murine moloney sarcoma virus in C3H/3T3 cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID555745	Ratio of Cmax in HIV infected patient at 600 mg QD to Cmax in HIV infected patient at 300 mg BID by HPLC/MS/MS analysis	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 53, Issue:4	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and intracellular carbovir triphosphate following administration of abacavir at 600 milligrams once daily and 300 milligrams twice daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
AID548834	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 203 harboring reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y/M184V mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID246209	Effective concentration against human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in CEM cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID548812	Antiviral activity against HIV1 isolate 058 harboring reverse transcriptase M41L/D67N/K70R/L210W/T215F/K219Q mutant gene by phenosense assay relative to wild type	2010	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Development of hexadecyloxypropyl tenofovir (CMX157) for treatment of infection caused by wild-type and nucleoside/nucleotide-resistant HIV.
AID252388	Intracellular concentration of metabolites (CBVDP) from 19-21 hrs in CEM cells after incubation with the compound (10 uM)	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-19, Volume: 48, Issue:10	Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1745855	NCATS anti-infectives library activity on the primary C. elegans qHTS viability assay	2023	Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3	In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID1745854	NCATS anti-infectives library activity on HEK293 viability as a counter-qHTS vs the C. elegans viability qHTS	2023	Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3	In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID1805801	Various Assay from Article 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00409: \\Perspectives on SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors.\\	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23	Perspectives on SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	107 (8.97)	18.2507
2000's	571 (47.86)	29.6817
2010's	442 (37.05)	24.3611
2020's	73 (6.12)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	240 (18.75%)	5.53%
Reviews	142 (11.09%)	6.00%
Case Studies	102 (7.97%)	4.05%
Observational	19 (1.48%)	0.25%
Other	777 (60.70%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (155)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Open-Label, Fixed-Sequence, Crossover Study To Estimate The Effect Of Lersivirine On The Pharmacokinetics Of Abacavir/Lamivudine In Healthy Subjects [NCT01220232]	Phase 1	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-11-30	Completed
A Pilot Clinical Trial of Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in Children With Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS) [NCT02363452]	Phase 2	11 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-10	Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label, Single-Dose, 2 Period Crossover Pharmacokinetic and Bioequivalence Study, With a Lead-In Dose Period, Evaluating Oral Abacavir Acetate (Prurisol™) and Oral Abacavir Sulfate (Ziagen®) in Healthy Volunteers [NCT02101216]	Phase 1	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-31	Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label, Single-Dose, 3-Period, Crossover Evaluation of the Relative Bioavailability of Two Experimental Fixed-Dose Combination Tablet Formulations of Dolutegravir 50 mg/Abacavir 600 mg/Lamivudine 300 mg Compared to Co-Administered Dolute [NCT01366547]	Phase 1	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-06-30	Completed
A Phase IIIB, Randomized Trial of Open-Label Efavirenz or Atazanavir With Ritonavir in Combination With Double-Blind Comparison of Emtricitabine/Tenofovir or Abacavir/Lamivudine in Antiretroviral-Naive Subjects [NCT00118898]	Phase 3	1,864 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Completed
Multicenter Study of Options for Second-Line Effective Combination Therapy (SELECT) [NCT01352715]	Phase 3	515 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-13	Completed
A Phase III, Randomized, Open-Label Trial to Evaluate Strategies for Providing Antiretroviral Therapy to Infants Shortly After Primary Infection in a Resource Poor Setting [NCT00102960]	Phase 3	377 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-07-31	Completed
A Prosp., Multic., Randomized, Open-label Trial to Assess the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Dual Therapy With Boosted Darunavir + Dolutegravir When Switching From SOC ART in HIV-patients With Sustained Virological Suppr. [NCT02486133]	Phase 3	269 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
Phase I/II Study of the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Abacavir/Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Dispersible and Immediate Release Tablets in HIV-1-Infected Children Less Than 12 Years of Age [NCT03760458]	Phase 1/Phase 2	57 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-09-09	Completed
Pharmacokinetic Properties of Antiretroviral and Related Drugs During Pregnancy and Postpartum [NCT00042289]		1,578 participants (Actual)	Observational	2003-06-09	Completed
MULTICENTRE STUDY TO ASSESS CHANGES IN BONE MINERAL DENSITY OF THE SWITCH FROM TENOFOVIR TO ABACAVIR IN HIV-1-INFECTED SUBJECTS WITH LOSS OF BONE MINERAL DENSITY [NCT01153217]	Phase 3	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-07-31	Completed
Pilot Single-Arm Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy, PK Interactions and Safety of Dolutegravir Plus 2 NRTIs in HIV-1-Infected Solid Organ Transplant Patients [NCT03360682]	Phase 4	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-04-12	Active, not recruiting
An Open Label, Multi-centre, Non-interventional Post-marketing Surveillance (PMS) to Monitor the Safety and Efficacy of ZIAGEN® Administered in Korean Patients According to the Prescribing Information [NCT01205243]		671 participants (Actual)	Observational	2010-11-01	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind Study of the Safety and Efficacy of GSK1349572 Plus Abacavir/Lamivudine Fixed-Dose Combination Therapy Administered Once Daily Compared to Atripla Over 96 Weeks in HIV-1 Infected Antiretroviral Therapy Naive Adult Subjects [NCT01263015]	Phase 3	844 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-02-01	Completed
A Study Investigating Plasma Abacavir and Its Intracellular Anabolite Carbovir-triphosphate Pharmacokinetics in the Absence and in the Presence of Darunavir/Ritonavir or Raltegravir in HIV-infected Subjects. [NCT00765271]	Phase 1	29 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-05-31	Completed
A Pilot Study Of the Effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Kaposi's Sarcoma in Zimbabwe [NCT00834457]	Phase 2/Phase 3	49 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-06-30	Completed
Evaluation of the Capacity of a Weekly Strategy of 4 Consecutive Days on Treatment Followed by 3 Days Off Treatment, in HIV-1 Infected Patients With Undetectable Viral Load for at Least 12 Months, to Maintain a Virological Success With This Intermittent M [NCT02157311]	Phase 3	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Completed
Cellular Pharmacology and Platelet Effects of Abacavir and Lamivudine Anabolites [NCT04301661]		25 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-03-06	Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label Study of the Long-Term Effectiveness of Three Initial Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Strategies in HAART-Niave, HIV-Infected Persons [NCT00000922]		1,710 participants	Interventional		Completed
Phase 2 Multicentric Open-label Study of Switch From Abacavir/Lamivudine Fixed Dose Combination Plus Nevirapine to Abacavir/Lamivudine/Dolutegravir in Virologically Suppressed HIV-1 Infected Adults [NCT02067767]	Phase 2	53 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-02-28	Completed
An Open Label Randomized Clinical Trial, to Evaluate the Treatment With Darunavir/Ritonavir + Lamivudine Once Daily Versus Continuing With Darunavir/Ritonavir Once Daily + Tenofovir/Emtricitabine or Abacavir/Lamivudine in HIV Infected Subject With Suppres [NCT02159599]	Phase 4	249 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Completed
Changes in Coagulation and Platelet Reactivity in HIV-1 Infected Patients Switching Between Abacavir and Tenofovir Containing Antiretroviral Regimens [NCT02093585]	Phase 4	43 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Completed
An Investigation of the Potential Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Nevirapine (VIRAMUNE®), Abacavir and Amprenavir in HIV-1 Infected NNRTI Naive Adults [NCT02182765]	Phase 1	8 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1999-04-30	Terminated
Study of Once-Daily Abacavir/Lamivudine Versus Tenofovir/Emtricitabine, Administered With Efavirenz in Antiretroviral-Naive, HIV-1 Infected Adult Subjects [NCT00549198]	Phase 4	392 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-06-30	Completed
Phase IIb Pilot Study for the Evaluation of the Safety and the Feasibility of Treatment Simplification to Tenofovir+Emtricitabine+Raltegravir or to Lamivudine+Abacavir+Raltegravir in Patients With Optimal Virological Control and Toxicity to the Current Co [NCT00958100]	Phase 2	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-08-31	Completed
Multicentric, Non-inferiority, Randomized, Non-blinded Phase 3 Trial Comparing Virological Response at 48 Weeks of 3 Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens in HIV-1-infected Patients With Treatment Failure After 1st Line Antiretroviral Therapy (Cameroon, Burki [NCT00928187]	Phase 3	454 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
A Prospective, Single Arm, Open-label 96 Week Observational Trial of the Tolerability, Adherence and Efficacy of a Dolutegravir/Abacavir/Lamivudine Single Tablet Regimen in HIV-1 Antibody Positive People Living With HIV With a History of Injection Drug Us [NCT02659761]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Recruiting
A Randomized, Phase II, Placebo Controlled Trial of Abacavir (ABC, 1592U89) in Combination With Open-Label Indinavir Sulfate (IDV) and Efavirenz (EFV, DMP-266) in HIV-Infected Subjects With Nucleoside Analog Experience: A Rollover Study for ACTG 320 [NCT00001086]	Phase 2	300 participants	Interventional		Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Switching From AZT to Tenofovir [NCT00647244]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-06-30	Completed
A Phase II, Open-Label, Multicentre, Randomised, Comparator Study of Substitution With Tenofovir or Abacavir in HIV-1 Infected Individuals, With a Viral Load < 50 Copies/mL, Receiving a Thymidine Analogue (Zidovudine or Stavudine) as Part of Their Highly [NCT00647946]	Phase 2	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-02-28	Completed
A Phase I Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of 1592U89 [NCT00002141]	Phase 1	18 participants	Interventional	1994-07-31	Completed
A Pilot Study Of Open-Label Fixed Dose Combination Zidovudine/Lamivudine/Abacavir In HIV-Infected Persons With Tuberculosis In Moshi, Tanzania; Tuberculosis And HIV Immune Reconstitution Syndrome Trial (THIRST) [NCT00851630]	Phase 4	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-06-30	Completed
Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of a Dolutegravir Monotherapy (Tivicay®) Versus the Maintenance of a Successful Triple Therapy Using Abacavir + Lamivudine + Dolutegravir (Triumeq®) in HIV-1- Infected Patients [NCT02596334]	Phase 3	158 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-12-23	Terminated(stopped due to 5 patients on tivicay had virological failure)
See Detailed Description [NCT00440947]	Phase 3	515 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Completed
Bioequivalence Study of CRushed TriUMeq With or Without Drip Feed Compared to the Whole Tablet (SCRUM) [NCT02569346]	Phase 1	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Completed
See Detailed Description [NCT00094367]	Phase 3	900 participants	Interventional	2004-07-31	Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, Open Label Phase IV Study to Evaluate the Rationale of Switching From Fixed Dose Abacavir (ABC)/Lamivudine (3TC) to Fixed Dose Tenofovir DF (TDF)/Emtricitabine (FTC) in Virologically Suppressed, HIV-1 Infected Patients Maintaine [NCT00724711]	Phase 4	312 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-07-31	Completed
A Phase III, Randomised, Multicenter, Parallel, Open-Label Study to Compare the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of GW433908 (1400 Mg Bid) and Nelfinavir (1250 Mg Bid) Over 48 Weeks in Antiretroviral Therapy Naive HIV-1 Infected Adults [NCT00008554]	Phase 3	210 participants	Interventional	2000-11-30	Active, not recruiting
Study of Protease Inhibitor and/or Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor With Dual Nucleosides in Initial Therapy of HIV Infection [NCT00000919]		900 participants	Interventional		Completed
Single Dose Pharmacokinetic Study of Abacavir in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents [NCT00011479]	Phase 1	24 participants	Interventional		Completed
Continued Salvage Anti-Retroviral Therapy With Abacavir, Amprenavir, and Efavirenz [NCT00001758]	Phase 2	25 participants	Interventional	1997-11-30	Completed
Switching to Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate or Abacavir in Patients With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Associated eGFR Decline. A Randomized Trial. [NCT02957864]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Recruiting
A Randomised, Open-label, 96-week Study Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Three Different Combination Antiretroviral Regimens as Initial Therapy for HIV Infection. [NCT00335322]	Phase 4	329 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-02-28	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of an Initial Regimen Raltegravir (RAL) + Lamivudine/Abacavir Fixed-Dose Combination (3TC/ABC FDC) for 48 Weeks in ART-naïve, HIV/TB Co-Infected Adult Subjects Receiving Rifabutin-containing, 1-line Anti-TB Therapy [NCT01059422]	Phase 4	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-10-31	Recruiting
Determining the Effect of Abacavir on Platelet Activation in Virologically Suppressed HIV Positive Men: an Open Label Interventional Study [NCT01886638]	Phase 4	23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Completed
A Prospective, Open-label Trial of Two Abacavir/Lamivudine Based Regimen (ABC/3TC + Darunavir/Ritonavir or ABC/3TC + Raltegravir) in Late Presenter naïve Patients (With CD4 Count <200 Cells/µL - Advanced HIV Disease) [NCT01900106]	Phase 3	47 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Completed
Treatment Options for Protease Inhibitor-exposed Children [NCT01146873]	Phase 3	300 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-07-31	Completed
A Randomized, Pilot Study on the Antiviral Activity and Immunological Effects of Lopinavir/Ritonavir vs. Efavirenz in Treatment-naïve HIV-Infected Patients With CD4 Cell Counts Below 100 Cells/mm3 [NCT00386659]	Phase 4	60 participants	Interventional		Terminated
Randomized, Controlled, Open Label, Multi-Center Phase III Trial Comparing the Safety and Antiviral Activity of a Protease-Containing Regimen (d4T/ddI/IDV/RTV) Versus a Protease-Sparing Regimen (d4T/ddI/EFV) and the Ability of Interleukin-2 to Purge HIV F [NCT00006154]	Phase 3	165 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional		Completed
A Phase II Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Induction Treatment With Lamivudine Plus Stavudine Plus Abacavir Plus Amprenavir/Ritonavir Followed by Supervised Treatment Interruption in Subjects With Acute HIV Infection or Recent Seroconversion [NCT00000940]	Phase 2	121 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1999-05-31	Completed
Nucleoside Switch Pilot for Virologically Controlled HIV Subjects With Decreasing CD4 Cells Who Have Received TDF-based ARV Therapy [NCT01608269]	Phase 4	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-11-30	Completed
A Pilot Study of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Using Isentress (Raltegravir) and Epzicom (Abacavir/Lamivudine) in Antiretroviral Naive HIV-Infected Subjects [NCT00740064]	Phase 4	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-05-31	Active, not recruiting
The Effects of Switching From Dolutegravir/Lamivudine/Abacavir (d/l/a) to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (b/f/Taf) in Patients With Suppressed Viral Load on Neuropsychiatric Side Effects and Neurocognitive Function [NCT04155554]	Phase 3	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-01-29	Recruiting
Phase 2a Open Label Study, Safety and Tolerability of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (Triumeq) in Participants With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) - The Lighthouse Project. [NCT02868580]	Phase 2	43 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Completed
Determination of Plasma and Intracellular Levels of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI) and of Nucleotide Analog Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) in Patients Treated With Abacavir and/or Lamivudine Given With or Without TDF. [NCT00335192]	Phase 4	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-01-31	Completed
A Randomized, Prospective Study of the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Two Doses of GW433908Ritonavir Given With Abacavir/Lamivudine Fixed Dose Combination [NCT00335270]	Phase 4	100 participants	Interventional	2006-03-31	Completed
Analysis of Lipodystrophy in HIV-Infected Individuals A Prospective, Non-randomised, 48 Week Study of the Effect of PI Containing and Non-PI Containing Antiretroviral Regimens on the Expression of Adipocyte Specific Genes, Protein Levels and Cellular Stru [NCT00192660]	Phase 4	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-02-28	Completed
A Phase III Randomized Trial of the Safety and Antiretroviral Effects of Zidovudine/Lamivudine/Abacavir Versus Zidovudine/Lamivudine/Lopinavir/Ritonavir in the Prevention of Perinatal Transmission of HIV [NCT00086359]	Phase 3	19 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-07-31	Completed
A Phase II, Restrictively Randomized, Open-Label, Pilot Study of Treatment Intensification of Early Virologic Failure [NCT00006152]	Phase 2	42 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Phase II, Open Label, Single Arm Trial to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics,Safety, Tolerability, and Antiviral Activity of Rilpivirine (TMC278) in Antiretroviral Naive HIV-1 Infected Adolescents and Children Aged >= 6 to <18 Years [NCT00799864]	Phase 2	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-01-07	Completed
An Evaluation of the Bioequivalence of a Combined Formulated Tablet (50mg/600mg/300mg Dolutegravir/Abacavir/Lamivudine) Compared to One Dolutegravir 50mg Tablet and One EPZICOM† (600mg/300mg Abacavir/Lamivudine) Tablet Administered Concurrently and the Ef [NCT01622790]	Phase 1	66 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-06-30	Completed
Phase I Study of Safety, Tolerance, and Pharmacokinetics of Abacavir (1592U89, ABC) With Standard Zidovudine (ZDV) Therapy In Neonates Born to HIV-1 Infected Women [NCT00000864]	Phase 1	60 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Study to Evaluate the Single-Dose and Steady-State Pharmacokinetics/Dynamics of 1592U89 and Its Active Moiety, 1144U88 5'-Triphosphate (1144U88-TP) Following Six Different Dosing Regimens of 1592U89 in HIV-1 Infected Subjects [NCT00002388]	Phase 1	48 participants	Interventional		Completed
Post-Marketing Clinical Study of EPZICOM Tablet (Lamivudine / Abacavir Sulfate) - Pharmacokinetic Study in HIV-Infected Patients - [NCT00337922]	Phase 4	8 participants	Interventional	2006-07-31	Completed
Study of Changes in CD4 Lymphocyte Count in Patients With a HAART Regimen Including DDI + Tenofovir and With Viral Suppression Following the Replacement of Tenofovir With Abacavir Once Daily or Following the Double Replacement of DDI + Tenofovir With Abac [NCT00338390]	Phase 3	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-04-30	Completed
Characterization of Acute and Recent HIV-1 Infections in Zurich: a Long-term Observational Study [NCT00537966]		2,017 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2002-01-31	Recruiting
A Randomized, Open Label, Multicenter Study Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Once Daily Regimen Containing Epzicom or Truvada Combined With Ritonavir Boosted Atazanavir as Initial Therapy for HIV-1 Infection (ET Study) [NCT00544128]	Phase 4	109 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-10-31	Completed
A Phase II, Randomized Trial of Amprenavir as Part of Dual Protease Inhibitor Regimens (Placebo-Controlled) in Combination With Abacavir, Efavirenz, and Adefovir Dipivoxil Versus Amprenavir Alone in HIV-Infected Subjects With Prior Exposure to Approved Pr [NCT00000912]	Phase 2	475 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Pilot Study of Once-Daily Therapy With Amprenavir, Ritonavir, Lamivudine and Abacavir in HIV-Infected, Antiretroviral-Naive Patients [NCT00001968]	Phase 1	25 participants	Interventional	2000-01-31	Completed
An Exploratory Study of the Antiretroviral Activity of 1592U89 When Administered in Combination With Other Specific Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) in NRTI Experienced Patients [NCT00002364]	Phase 2	40 participants	Interventional		Completed
A 96-Week, Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of the Antiretroviral Activity of Stavudine (40mg BID) Plus Lamivudine (150mg BID) Plus Nelfinavir (1250mg BID) Versus Abacavir (300mg BID) Plus Combivir (3TC 150 [NCT00005106]	Phase 4	230 participants	Interventional	1999-09-30	Completed
Open-Label, Single-Centre, Randomised Pilot Study to Evaluate Immunovirological and Clinical Evolution of a Combination With Nucleoside Analogues/Nucleotides (Trizivir +Tenofovir) in Multiresistant Patients With Virological Failure [NCT00356616]	Phase 4	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to terminated)
An Open Label, Randomized Study to Compare Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Initiation When CD4 is Between 15% to 24% to ART Initiation When CD4 Falls Below 15% in Children With HIV Infection and Moderate Immune Suppression [NCT00234091]	Phase 3	300 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-04-30	Completed
Phase II, Open-Label,Randomised, Comparator Study of Substitution w/Tenofovir or Abacavir in HIV-1 Infected Individuals, w/Viral Load Less 50 Copies/mL, Receiving a Thymidine Analogue (Zidovudine or Stavudine) as Part of HAART. [NCT00270556]	Phase 2	100 participants	Interventional	2003-01-31	Completed
Combivir, 1592U89, 141W94 Triple Antiretroviral, Experienced Patient Trial [NCT00002217]		0 participants	Interventional		Completed
Abacavir Pharmacokinetics During Chronic Therapy in HIV-1 Infected Adolescents and Young Adults [NCT00087945]		30 participants	Interventional	2004-07-31	Completed
Multicentre, Open Label, Prospective, Randomised Clinical Trial of an Antiretroviral Simplification Treatment With Efavirenz + Abacavir + 3TC Once Daily [NCT00314626]	Phase 3	99 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-11-30	Completed
See Detailed Description [NCT00085943]	Phase 3	866 participants	Interventional	2004-05-31	Completed
A Phase II, Randomized, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of Two Antiretroviral Therapeutic Strategies: A Dual PI-Based HAART Regimen Versus a Multi-NRTI ART Regimen, in ART-Experienced Children and Youth Who Have Experienced Virol [NCT00102206]	Phase 2	6 participants (Actual)	Interventional		Completed
Randomized, Open-Label Study of Continued Stavudine Versus Abacavir Substitution With or Without Riboflavin and Thiamine Supplementation in HIV-Infected Patients Who Have Elevated Venous Lactic Acid While on Stavudine-Based Therapy (DAVE) [NCT00143702]	Phase 2/Phase 3	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2001-08-31	Completed
Contribution of the Integrase Inhibitor Dolutegravir to Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease in Persons Living With HIV [NCT04340388]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-09-17	Completed
A Study of the Effects of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Acute HIV-1 Infection With an Emphasis on Immunological Responses [NCT00001119]		288 participants	Interventional	1999-10-31	Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label, Two Arm Trial to Compare the Safety and Antiviral Efficacy of GW433908/Ritonavir QD to Nelfinavir BID When Used in Combination With Abacavir and Lamivudine for 48 Weeks in Antiretroviral Therapy Naive HIV-1 Infected Subjects [NCT00009061]	Phase 3	624 participants	Interventional	2000-11-30	Active, not recruiting
A Study to Investigate Whether There is a Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between 1592U89 and Ethanol Following Their Co-Administration to HIV-Infected Subjects. [NCT00002198]	Phase 1	0 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Phase II Randomized, Blinded, Dose-Ranging Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Different Regimens of 1592U89 Monotherapy Upon Selected Immunological and Virological Markers of HIV-1 Infection in Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive Patients [NCT00002390]	Phase 2	0 participants	Interventional		Completed
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Immunologic Recovery After Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and the Ability to Mobilize CD34+ Stem Cells Following G-CSF Administration [NCT00006578]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional		Withdrawn
An Open-Label, Single Center Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Quadruple Chemotherapy (Zidovudine, EPIVIR, 1592U89, and 141W94) in Subjects Infected With HIV-1 (GW QUAD) [NCT00006617]		25 participants	Interventional		Completed
Phase II, Randomized, Open-Label Study of Switching to Protease Inhibitor-Sparing Regimens for Improvement of Metabolic Abnormalities [NCT00021463]	Phase 2	342 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Phase IV Multicenter Study of the Efficacy and Safety of 48-Week Induction Treatment With TRIZIVIR (Abacavir 300 Mg/Lamivudine 150 Mg/Zidovudine 300 Mg Combination Tablet BID) With Efavirenz (600 Mg QD) Followed by 48-Week Randomized, Open-Label, Mainte [NCT00011895]	Phase 4	400 participants	Interventional	2001-02-28	Active, not recruiting
A Phase IV, Open-label, Multicenter Study of Treatment With TRIZIVIR (Abacavir 300mg/Lamivudine 150mg/Zidovudine 300mg) Twice Daily and Tenofovir 300mg Once-daily for 48 Weeks in HIV-infected Subjects Experiencing Early Virologic Failure (ZIAGEN Intensifi [NCT00038506]	Phase 4	100 participants	Interventional	2002-03-31	Completed
Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Ritonavir, Amprenavir and Efavirenz and Nelfinavir, Amprenavir, and Efavirenz in People Infected With HIV [NCT00001766]	Phase 1	22 participants	Interventional	1998-08-31	Completed
A Phase III, Randomized, Open-label, Multicenter Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Efavirenz Versus Tenofovir When Administered in Combination With the Abacavir/Lamivudine Fixed-dose Combination Tablet as a Once-daily Regimen in Antiretroviral-naive HIV [NCT00053638]	Phase 3	345 participants	Interventional	2003-02-28	Completed
Delaying HIV Disease Progression With Punctuated Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Associated Tuberculosis [NCT00078247]	Phase 3	350 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2004-10-31	Completed
Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of Three Protease Inhibitor-Sparing Regimens for the Initial Treatment of HIV Infection [NCT00013520]	Phase 3	1,125 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Phase I/II Study of the Safety, Tolerability, and Antiretroviral Activity of Mycophenolate Mofetil As an Adjunct to Abacavir Therapy in HIV-Infected Subjects With Treatment Failure and Extensive Prior Antiretroviral Exposure [NCT00021489]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional		Withdrawn
A Restrictively Randomized, Open-Label, Controlled, Pilot Study of the Effect of a Thymidine Analogue Substitution or Change to a Nucleoside-Sparing Regimen on Peripheral Fat Wasting [NCT00028314]		150 participants	Interventional	2002-03-31	Completed
Multicenter, Pilot Study of Telbivudine (LdT) Anti-HBV Treatment Prior to the Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Containing Lamivudine in Subjects Coinfected With HBV and HIV [NCT00051090]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional		Withdrawn
A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicentre Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of 1592U89 in Patients With AIDS Dementia Complex [NCT00002163]	Phase 3	0 participants	Interventional		Completed
Augmenting the Magnitude of HAART-Induced Immune Restoration With the Use of Cyclosporine [NCT00031070]	Phase 2	40 participants	Interventional		Completed
Free Study: a Randomised, Open Label, Multicentre Strategic Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Toxicity of an Early Switch From a PI-containing Regimen to Trizivir ® on Guidance of Viral Load in HIV-1 Infected , Antiretroviral naïve Adults [NCT00405925]	Phase 3	207 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-03-31	Completed
See Detailed Description [NCT00044577]	Phase 3	166 participants	Interventional	2002-07-16	Completed
A Phase III, 48-Week, Open-Label, Randomized, Multicenter Study of the Safety and Efficacy of the Abacavir/Lamivudine Fixed-Dose Combination Tablet Administered QD Versus Abacavir + Lamivudine Administered BID in Combination With a PI or NNRTI in Antiretr [NCT00046176]	Phase 3	240 participants	Interventional	2002-08-26	Completed
A Randomised, Open-label Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Switching to Tenofovir-emtricitabine or Abacavir-lamivudine: The STEAL Study. [NCT00192634]	Phase 4	357 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-12-31	Completed
Optimizing Pediatric HIV-1 Treatment in Infants With Prophylactic Exposure to Nevirapine, Nairobi, Kenya (6-12 Month RCT) [NCT00427297]	Phase 3	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to There is no longer equipoise. DSMB recommended termination.)
A Phase II, Open-Label Trial, to Evaluate Pharmacokinetics, Safety, Tolerability and Antiviral Activity of Drv/Rtv Once Daily in Treatment-Naive HIV-1 Infected Adolescents Aged Between 12 and < 18 Years [NCT00915655]	Phase 2	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-07-31	Completed
A 1592U89 Open-Label Protocol for Adult Patients With HIV-1 Infection. [NCT00002200]		0 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Phase IIIb, Randomized, Open-label Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Dolutegravir/Abacavir/Lamivudine Once Daily Compared to Atazanavir and Ritonavir Plus Tenofovir/Emtricitabine Once Daily in HIV-1 Infected Antiretroviral Therapy Naïve Women [NCT01910402]	Phase 3	499 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-22	Completed
An Open-Label, Two-Period, Crossover, Pharmacokinetic Study of Abacavir and Its Intracellular Anabolite Carbovir Triphosphate Following Once-Daily and Twice-Daily Administration of Abacavir in HIV-Infected Subjects. [NCT00320307]	Phase 1	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Completed
A Phase IV, Randomised, Multicentre, Double-blind, Study to Evaluate the Clinical Utility of Prospective Genetic Screening (HLA-B*5701) for Susceptibility to Abacavir Hypersensitivity [NCT00340080]	Phase 4	1,806 participants	Interventional	2006-04-30	Completed
Maraviroc Switch Central Nervous System (CNS) Substudy: a Substudy of MARCH, a Randomised, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Maraviroc (MVC) as a Switch for Either Nucleoside or Nucleotide Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (N [NCT01637233]		28 participants (Actual)	Observational	2012-06-30	Completed
Maraviroc Switch Collaborative Study Renal Substudy [NCT01637259]	Phase 4	76 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-06-30	Completed
Pharmacokinetics of Abacavir Once Daily vs. Twice Daily and Lamivudine Once Daily vs. Twice Daily in HIV-infected Thai Children [NCT01656122]	Phase 2/Phase 3	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-07-31	Completed
Inhibition of Reverse Transcription in Type I Interferon Mediated Neuropathology [NCT04731103]	Phase 2	24 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-08-24	Recruiting
Single-Dose Fasting and Fed Pilot BE Study in Healthy Males and Females Not of Childbearing Potential [NCT05030025]	Early Phase 1	43 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-08-01	Completed
A Phase II Study of the Prolongation of Virologic Success (ACTG 372A) and Options for Virologic Failure (ACTG B/C/D) in HIV-Infected Subjects Receiving Indinavir in Combination With Nucleoside Analogs: A Rollover Study for ACTG 320 [NCT00000885]	Phase 2	440 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Multicenter Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Combination of 1592U89/Zidovudine (ZDV)/Lamivudine (3TC) Versus the Combination of Zidovudine (ZDV)/Lamivudine (3TC) in HIV-1 Therapy-Experienced Pediatric Patients. [NCT00002391]	Phase 3	0 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Phase III Randomized Double-Blind, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of 3TC/ZDV/1592U89 and 3TC/ZDV/IDV in HIV-1 Infected Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive Subjects. [NCT00002199]	Phase 3	550 participants	Interventional		Completed
An Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Amprenavir (141W94) and Abacavir Combination Therapy in Protease Inhibitor Experienced Subjects With HIV-1 Infection Who Are Failing Their Current Antiretroviral Treatment Regimen [NCT00002205]		0 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Phase IIIB, Open-Label, Randomized Study of the Effect of an Education Intervention on Virological Outcomes, Adherence, Immunological Outcome, and Health Outcomes in HIV-Infected Subjects From Under-Represented Populations Treated With Triple Nucleoside [NCT00002409]	Phase 3	200 participants	Interventional		Completed
Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Ribavirin and Abacavir in Hepatitis-C Mono-infected Male Subjects Who Previously Failed Ribavirin-based Treatment [NCT01052701]	Phase 1	26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-12-31	Completed
A Pilot Study of Early Treatment Intensification of Antiretroviral Therapy [NCT00001132]	Phase 2	80 participants	Interventional	1999-11-30	Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label Superiority Trial Comparing Emtricitabine to Abacavir Within a Triple Drug Combination in Antiretroviral-Drug Naive HIV-1 Infected Patients [NCT00002362]	Phase 3	0 participants	Interventional	1999-08-31	Suspended
An Open-Label, Phase II Trial to Evaluate the Steady-State Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Efficacy of 1592U89 in Combination With Selected HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors in Antiretroviral-Naive, HIV-1-Infected Patients. [NCT00002440]	Phase 2	80 participants	Interventional		Completed
Glaxo Wellcome Trial to Assess the Regression of Hyperlactatemia and to Evaluate the Regression of Established Lipodystrophy in HIV-1-Positive Subjects (TARHEEL) [NCT00005764]	Phase 4	100 participants	Interventional	2000-05-31	Completed
Changes in Weight and Body Composition After Switch to Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Compared to Continued Dolutegravir/Abacavir/Lamivudine for Virologically Suppressed HIV Infection: A Randomized Open-label Superiority Trial: AVERTAS-1 [NCT04904406]	Phase 4	95 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-10-22	Recruiting
A Randomized Phase II Study of the Safety, Immunologic, and Virologic Effects of Cyclosporine A in Conjunction With Trizivir(R) and Kaletra(R) Versus Trizivir(R) and Kaletra(R) Alone During Primary HIV-1 Infection [NCT00084149]	Phase 2	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-02-29	Completed
CCTG584: Viral Dynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir and Abacavir Monotherapy Versus the Combination Therapy of TDF-ABC in HIV-Infected Treatment Naive Patients [NCT00214890]	Phase 2	21 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-12-07	Completed
IGHID 11417 - The Safety and Efficacy of Fixed Dose Combination Dolutegravir/Abacavir/Lamivudine FDC Initiated During Acute HIV Infection: Impact on the Latent HIV Reservoir and Long-Term Immunologic Effect [NCT02384395]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Completed
Early Intensive Antiretroviral Combination Therapy in HIV-1 Infected Infants and Children [NCT00000872]	Phase 2	55 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional		Completed
A Comparison of a Four-Drug Regimen Comprised of 141W94, 1592U89, and Combivir With a Three-Drug Regimen Comprised of Nelfinavir and Combivir in Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-Infected Patients. [NCT00002216]		0 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Phase I Safety and Pharmacokinetic Study of 1592U89 Alone and In Combination With Other Antiretroviral Agents in Infants and Children With HIV Infection [NCT00000865]	Phase 1	32 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of 1592U89 in Combination With Lamivudine (3TC) and Zidovudine (ZDV) Versus 3TC/ZDV in HIV-1-Infected, Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive Subjects With CD4+ Counts [NCT00002389]	Phase 3	210 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Phase II, 24-Week, Open-Label Study Designed to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Novel Quadruple-Combination Therapy With Preveon (Adefovir Dipivoxil; Bis-POM PMEA), Abacavir (1592U89), Sustiva (Efavirenz; DMP-266), and Amprenavir (141 [NCT00002419]	Phase 2	25 participants	Interventional		Completed
1592U89 Open-Label Protocol for Pediatric Patients With HIV Infection. [NCT00002197]		250 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Phase II, 48-Week, Uncontrolled, Open-Label Study Designed to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Quadruple Antiretroviral Therapy (EPIVIR, Abacavir, Amprenavir, and Indinavir) in Subjects Acutely Infected With HIV-1 [NCT00002233]	Phase 2	30 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Controlled Phase 2 Trial Assessing Three Doses of T-20 in Combination With Abacavir, Amprenavir, Ritonavir, and Efavirenz in HIV-1 Infected Adults [NCT00002239]	Phase 2	68 participants	Interventional	1999-05-31	Completed
Effect of Amprenavir on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Patients With HIV Infection [NCT00002245]	Phase 3	0 participants	Interventional	1999-04-30	Completed
A Phase IV 48-Week, Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter Trial of Abacavir (300mg BID)/Efavirenz (600mg QD)/Didanosine (400mg QD) +/- Hydroxyurea (500mg BID) in HIV-1 Infected Subjects Failing Initial Therapy With 3TC/ZDV (or d4T) +/- Protease Inhibitor(s) [NCT00005018]	Phase 4	150 participants	Interventional	1999-07-31	Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label, Pilot Treatment Trial Evaluating Cellular Dynamics and Immune Restoration in Treatment-Naive HIV-Infected Subjects Receiving Either the Protease Inhibitor LPV/r or the Nucleoside Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors d4T/3TC/ [NCT00004855]		55 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Phase IIIB Randomized, Multicenter Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Combivir 1 Tablet Po Bid Plus Ziagen 300mg Po Bid Versus an Abacavir 300mg/Lamivudine 150mg/Zidovudine 300mg Combination Tablet Po Bid, Administered for 24 Weeks in Subjects With HIV [NCT00004981]	Phase 3	230 participants	Interventional		Active, not recruiting
A Phase IV, Open-Label, Randomized Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Epivir/Ziagen/Zerit (3TC/ABC/d4T) Versus Epivir/Ziagen/Sustiva (3TC/ABC/EFV) Versus Epivir/Ziagen/Agenerase/Norvir (3TC/ABC/APV/RTV) for 96 Weeks in the Treatment of HIV-1 Infe [NCT00005017]	Phase 4	300 participants	Interventional		Active, not recruiting
A Phase IV, Open-Label, Multicenter Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Quadruple Combination Antiretroviral Therapy With Combivir (Lamivudine 150mg/Zidovudine 300mg) BID, Ziagen (Abacavir) 300mg BID, and Sustiva (Efavirenz) 600mg QD for 24 Weeks, Followe [NCT00004585]	Phase 4	40 participants	Interventional	1999-10-31	Completed
A Phase II, Open-Label Trial for Treatment of HIV Infection in Subjects Who Have Failed Initial Combination Therapy With Regimens Containing Indinavir or Nelfinavir: Combination Therapy With 3TC (150 Mg BID), Abacavir (300 Mg BID) and Amprenavir (1200 Mg [NCT00002423]	Phase 2	100 participants	Interventional	1999-03-31	Completed
A Phase I Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Antiviral Activity of 141W94 After Multiple Dosing in Patients With HIV Infection [NCT00002183]	Phase 1	60 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Phase II Study Evaluating the Safety and Antiviral Activity of Combination Therapy With 1592U89, 141W94 and DMP 266 in HIV-1 Infected Subjects With Detectable HIV-1 Plasma RNA Despite Treatment With a Protease Inhibitor Containing Regimen [NCT00002213]	Phase 2	80 participants	Interventional		Completed
PENTA15: Plasma Pharmacokinetic Study of Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir as Part of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Children With HIV-1 Infection Aged 3 Months to <36 Months [NCT01973439]	Phase 1	23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-07-31	Completed
Investigating Influence of Pregnancy-induced Changes in Antiretroviral Pharmacokinetics, Together With Polymorphisms in Drug Disposition Genes, on Viral Decay Dynamics in HIV Positive Women Starting Therapy Late in Pregnancy and Postpartum [NCT03284645]		194 participants (Actual)	Observational	2017-12-22	Completed
Randomised Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Trial of Triumeq in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [NCT05193994]	Phase 3	390 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-02-24	Recruiting
Effect of Substituting Truvada for Combivir or Trizivir vs Continuing Combivir or Trizivir on Physiologic Correlates of Mitochondrial Function in Subjects Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy [NCT00960622]	Phase 4	17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-08-31	Completed
A 96-Week, Phase IV, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study of the Safety and Efficacy of EPZICOM Versus TRUVADA Administered in Combination With KALETRA in Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-1 Infected Subjects [NCT00244712]	Phase 4	688 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-07-31	Completed
Cost-effectiveness of Different Antiretroviral Treatment in Patients HIV Naive. Randomized Clinical, Not Masked, Trial Comparing DRVr3TC, ABC3TC (Kivexa) RPV, or EVG COBI FTC TDF (Stribild) for 48 Weeks [NCT02470650]	Phase 4	150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Recruiting
Prospective Non-Interventional Observational Study of Use of Triumeq® and Corresponding Monitoring Measures in Clinical Practice in Germany [NCT02342769]		403 participants (Actual)	Observational	2015-02-19	Completed
An Open Label Study to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of Abacavir/Lamivudine/Dolutegravir and the Pharmacokinetic Profile of Dolutegravir in HIV-infected Patients of 60 Years of Age and Older [NCT02509195]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-08-04	Completed
A Randomised Trial of Monitoring Practice and Induction Maintenance Drug Regimens in the Management of Antiretroviral Therapy in Children With HIV Infection in Africa [NCT02028676]	Phase 4	1,206 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Completed
A Phase IIb, Dose Ranging Study of Oral GSK1265744 in Combination With Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors for Induction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus -1 (HIV-1) Virologic Suppression Followed by an Evaluation of Maintenance of Virologic Suppres [NCT01641809]	Phase 2	244 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-08-06	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in ng/mL With Median (95% CI) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC24) With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 12 Hours (AUC12) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 12 Hours (AUC12) With Geometric Mean (95% CI) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	Number of Women Who Met PK Target of Area Under the Curve (AUC) for ARVs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	PK Parameter: Cord/Maternal Blood Concentration Ratio With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	Number of Women Who Met PK Target of Area Under the Curve (AUC) for ARVs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC24) of ARVs for Contraceptive Arms
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve From 0 to 12 Hours (AUC12) of ARVs for Contraceptive Arms
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	Plasma Concentration for Contraceptives
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in mg/L With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	PK Parameter: Cord/Maternal Blood Concentration Ratio With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	Pharmacokinetic (PK) Parameter: Infant Plasma Washout Half-life (T1/2) of ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	Pharmacokinetic (PK) Parameter: Infant Plasma Washout Concentration of ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in mg/L With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C24) With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C12) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in mg/L With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C24) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in ng/mL With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C12) With Geometric Mean (95% CI) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C12) With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C24) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 12 Hours (AUC12) With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC24) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00042289 (26) [back to overview]	PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC24) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs
NCT00084149 (7) [back to overview]	Adverse Events Related to Study Medication
NCT00084149 (7) [back to overview]	CD4 T Cell Levels
NCT00084149 (7) [back to overview]	HIV-1 Viral Load Levels
NCT00084149 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Viral Load Less Than 50 Copies/ml
NCT00084149 (7) [back to overview]	Proviral DNA Levels (log10)
NCT00084149 (7) [back to overview]	Proviral DNA (log10)
NCT00084149 (7) [back to overview]	Levels of Proviral DNA in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) (log10)
NCT00102960 (13) [back to overview]	Time to Death Alone or Death Plus Life Threatening Stage C Events or HIV Events Associated With Permanent End-organ Damage.
NCT00102960 (13) [back to overview]	Time to Failure of First Line Therapy or Death
NCT00102960 (13) [back to overview]	Time to First Hospitalization
NCT00102960 (13) [back to overview]	Total Occurrence of Grade 3 or 4 Clinical Events
NCT00102960 (13) [back to overview]	Total Occurrence of Grade 3 or 4 Laboratory Events
NCT00102960 (13) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Experienced Virological Failure Defined as Confirmed HIV-1 RNA Value of at Least 10,000 Copies Per/ml Recorded on Two Consecutive Separate Occasions After 24 Weeks of Treatment (Initial Therapy or Restart)
NCT00102960 (13) [back to overview]	Time From Randomization to Starting or Needing to Start Continuous Therapy
NCT00102960 (13) [back to overview]	Duration of Hospitalisation
NCT00102960 (13) [back to overview]	Hospitalization Rates
NCT00102960 (13) [back to overview]	Number of Children Experiencing Severe CDC Stage B or Stage C Disease or Death (Cumulative After 3.5 Years)
NCT00102960 (13) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Experienced Clinical Failure (Defined as Development of Severe CDC Stage B or Stage C Disease.) on Therapy.
NCT00102960 (13) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Experienced Regimen-limiting ART Drug Toxicity
NCT00102960 (13) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Experienced Immunological Failure Defined as Failure of CD4% to Reach 20% or CD4% Falls Below 20% on Two Occasions, Within 4 Weeks, at Any Time After the First 24 Weeks of Therapy (Initial Therapy or Restart)
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Change in Fasting Non-high Density Lipoprotein (Non-HDL) Cholesterol Level From Baseline
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Change in Fasting Total Cholesterol Level From Baseline
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Change in Fasting Triglyceride Level From Baseline
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Cumulative Probability of Not Experiencing a Grade 3/4 Safety Event
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Cumulative Probability of Not Experiencing Regimen Failure
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Cumulative Probability of Not Experiencing Treatment Modification
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Cumulative Probability of Not Experiencing Virologic Failure
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HIV-1 RNA Levels Less Than 200 Copies/mL
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	The Number of Participants With HIV-1 RNA Levels Less Than 50 Copies/mL
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Time From Randomization to Virologic Failure
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Time From Treatment Dispensation to a Grade 3/4 Safety Event
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Time From Treatment Dispensation to Regimen Failure (First Occurrence of Virologic Failure or Treatment Modification)
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Time From Treatment Dispensation to Treatment Modification
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Amount of Study Follow-up
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Experiencing Certain Targeted Clinical Events, Including Death, AIDS-defining Illness, and HIV-1 Related Events.
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With a Grade 3/4 Safety Event
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Regimen Failure
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Treatment Modification
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Virologic Failure
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Virologic Failure and Emergence of Major Resistance
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Change in CD4 Count (Cells/mm3) From Baseline
NCT00118898 (22) [back to overview]	Change in Fasting High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol Level From Baseline
NCT00214890 (6) [back to overview]	Compare the Intracellular Pharmacokinetic (PK) Data of the Two Monotherapy Regimens to the Dual NRTI Regimen
NCT00214890 (6) [back to overview]	Change in Short-term Virologic Response
NCT00214890 (6) [back to overview]	Compare the Plasma Data of the Two Monotherapy Regimens to the Dual NRTI Regimen
NCT00214890 (6) [back to overview]	Evaluate Change in Cellular Regulatory Enzymes Involved With Nucleoside Analogue Transport Across Cell Membranes as Assessed by RT-PCR of Specific mRNA Transcripts
NCT00214890 (6) [back to overview]	Determine Total Number of NRTI-associated Mutations After 7 Days of ABC or TDF Monotherapy or After 7 Days of Dual NRTI Therapy With ABC + TDF
NCT00214890 (6) [back to overview]	Compare the Relative Viral Potency of TDF Monotherapy Versus ABC Monotherapy
NCT00244712 (14) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL at Weeks 48 and 96 in Participants With Baseline HIV-1 RNA >=100,000 Copies/mL
NCT00244712 (14) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL at Weeks 48 and 96 in Participants With Baseline HIV-1 RNA <100,000 Copies/mL
NCT00244712 (14) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL at Week 96
NCT00244712 (14) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <400 Copies/mL at Weeks 48 and 96 in Participants With Baseline HIV-1 RNA >=100,000 Copies/mL
NCT00244712 (14) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL at Week 48
NCT00244712 (14) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <400 Copies/mL at Weeks 48 and 96 in Participants With Baseline HIV-1 RNA <100,000 Copies/mL
NCT00244712 (14) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL at Week 48 by Missing=Failure (M=F), Switched Included Analysis.
NCT00244712 (14) [back to overview]	Median Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cells at Weeks 48 and 96
NCT00244712 (14) [back to overview]	Median Change From Baseline in HIV-1 RNA at Week 48 and 96
NCT00244712 (14) [back to overview]	Number of Confirmed Virologic Failure Participants at Week 96 With Genotypic Resistance to Lamivudine (3TC) and Emtricitabine (FTC) and Had Phenotypic Reduced Susceptibility
NCT00244712 (14) [back to overview]	Number of Confirmed Virologic Failure Participants Who Had Treatment-emergent Genotypic Resistance Through 96 Weeks
NCT00244712 (14) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Meet the Protocol-defined Virologic Failure (PDVF) Criteria at Week 96
NCT00244712 (14) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Reported a Suspected Abacavir Hypersensitivity Reaction (ABC HSR) Reaction or Proximal Renal Tubule Dysfunction
NCT00244712 (14) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <400 Copies/mL at Weeks 48 and 96
NCT00335322 (2) [back to overview]	Time Weighted Mean Change From Baseline Plasma HIV-RNA
NCT00335322 (2) [back to overview]	Time-weighted Mean Change From Baseline Plasma HIV-RNA.
NCT00427297 (4) [back to overview]	Incidence of Severe Adverse Events (Excluding Mortality)
NCT00427297 (4) [back to overview]	Incidence of Mortality
NCT00427297 (4) [back to overview]	Immunologic Failure
NCT00427297 (4) [back to overview]	Viral Failure
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Number of Confirmed Virologic Failure Participants With Treatment-emergent HIV Genotypic Resistance in Reverse Transcriptase and Protease From Week 84 Through Week 144
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Number of Confirmed Virologic Failure Participants With Treatment-emergent HIV Genotypic Resistance in Reverse Transcriptase and Protease From Randomization at Week 36 Through Week 84
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Mean Percent Compliance at Week 144
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants (PAR) Who Achieved Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies (c) /Milliliter (ml) at the Week 84 Visit
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 c/ml at the Week 144 Visit
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Number of Confirmed Virologic Failure Participants With Treatment-emergent HIV Genotypic Resistance in Reverse Transcriptase and Protease From Baseline Through Week 36
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in HIV-1 RNA at Week 84
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Number of Confirmed Virologic Failure Participants From Week 84 Through Week 144 With Treatment-emergent Reductions in HIV Susceptibility to Abacavir, Lamivudine, Atazanavir, or Ritonavir
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Number of Confirmed Virologic Failure Participants From Randomization at Week 36 Through Week 84 With Treatment-emergent Reductions in HIV Susceptibility to Abacavir, Lamivudine, Atazanavir, or Ritonavir
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Number of Confirmed Virologic Failure Participants From Baseline Through Week 36 With Treatment-emergent Reductions in Susceptibility to Abacavir, Lamivudine, Atazanavir, or Ritonavir
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Met the PDVF Criteria at Week 144
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Mean Percent Compliance at Week 84
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 c/ml at the Week 84 Visit
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 c/ml at the Week 36 Visit
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count at Week 144
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count at Week 36
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count at Week 84
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Met the PDVF Criteria at Week 84
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Met the Protocol-defined Virologic Failure (PDVF) Criteria at Week 36
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Achieved HIV-1 RNA <400 c/ml at the Week 144 Visit
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in HIV-1 RNA at Week 144
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Achieved HIV-1 RNA <400 c/ml at the Week 84 Visit
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Plasma HIV-1 RNA <400 c/ml at the Week 36 Visit
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in HIV-1 RNA at Week 36
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Mean Percent Compliance at Week 36
NCT00440947 (26) [back to overview]	Mean Age at Baseline of Participants Randomized to Treatment for the 48-Week Randomized Phase
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Exploratory Analysis of Change From Baseline in Beta 2 Microglobulin (B2M) as a Ratio to Urine Creatinine at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Exploratory Analysis of Change From Baseline in Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase (BSAP) at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Exploratory Analysis of Change From Baseline in N-acetyl-B-glucosaminidase (NAG) as a Ratio to Urine Creatinine at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Exploratory Analysis of Change From Baseline in Osteocalcin at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Exploratory Analysis of Change From Baseline in Procollagen Type 1 Amino-terminal Propeptide (P1NP) at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Exploratory Analysis of Change From Baseline in Retinol Binding Protein (RBP) as a Ratio to Urine Creatinine at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Exploratory Analysis of Change From Baseline in Type 1 Collagen Cross-linked C-telopeptide at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Estimated GFR, Calculated by Cockcroft-Gault Equation, at Week 24
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Estimated GFR, Calculated by Cockcroft-Gault Equation, at Week 48
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Estimated GFR, Calculated by Cockcroft-Gault Equation, at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), Calculated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Equation, at Week 24
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), Calculated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Equation, at Week 48
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), Calculated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Equation, at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Percent Change From Baseline in Hip Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), at Week 24
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Percent Change From Baseline in Hip Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), at Week 48
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Percent Change From Baseline in Hip Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Percent Change From Baseline in Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), at Week 24
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Percent Change From Baseline in Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), at Week 48
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Percent Change From Baseline in Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	"Number of Participants Who Indicated Yes or No to the Question of Whether Unplanned Healthcare Resources Were Utilized"
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Classified as Protocol-defined Failures With Treatment-emergent Resistance to Study Drug in the Indicated Viruses at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Experiencing an Adverse Event (AE) Leading to Discontinuation by Week 24
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Experiencing an Adverse Event (AE) Leading to Discontinuation by Week 48
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Experiencing an Adverse Event (AE) Leading to Discontinuation by Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Meeting World Health Organization (WHO) Criteria for Osteopenia (T-score of -2.5 to -1.0) and Osteoporosis (T-score of <-2.5) at Week 24
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Meeting World Health Organization (WHO) Criteria for Osteopenia (T-score of -2.5 to -1.0) and Osteoporosis (T-score of <-2.5) at Week 48
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Meeting World Health Organization (WHO) Criteria for Osteopenia (T-score of -2.5 to -1.0) and Osteoporosis (T-score of <-2.5) at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With a Decline From Baseline in Lumbar Spine and Hip Bone Mineral Density (BMD) >=2.0% and >=6.0% at Week 24
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With a Decline From Baseline in Lumbar Spine and Hip Bone Mineral Density (BMD) >=2.0% and >=6.0% at Week 48
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With a Decline From Baseline in Lumbar Spine and Hip Bone Mineral Density (BMD) >=2.0% and >=6.0% at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Decline From Baseline in Estimated GFR, Calculated by MDRD and Cockcroft-Gault Equations, of >=10 mL/Min/1.73 m^2 (mL/Min for Cockcroft-Gault), >=20 mL/Min/1.72 m^2, >=10%, and >=20% at Week 24
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Decline From Baseline in Estimated GFR, Calculated by MDRD and Cockcroft-Gault Equations, of >=10 mL/Min/1.73m^2 (mL/Min for Cockcroft-Gault), >=20 mL/Min/1.72m^2, >=10%, and >=20% at Week 48
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Decline From Baseline in Estimated GFR, Calculated by MDRD and Cockcroft-Gault Equations, of >=10 mL/Min/1.73m^2 (mL/Min for Cockcroft-Gault), >=20 mL/Min/1.72m^2, >=10%, and >=20% at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/Milliliter (c/mL) and 400 c/mL at Week 24
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/Milliliter (c/mL) and 400 c/mL at Week 48
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/Milliliter (c/mL) and 400 c/mL at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With National Kidney Foundation Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Categories of Renal Function at Week 24
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With National Kidney Foundation Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Categories of Renal Function at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Fasting High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) at Week 24
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Fasting High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) at Week 48
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Fasting High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Fasting Total Cholesterol at Week 24
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Fasting Total Cholesterol at Week 48
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Fasting Total Cholesterol at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Fasting Triglycerides at Week 24
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Fasting Triglycerides at Week 48
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Fasting Triglycerides at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) at Week 24
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) at Week 48
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline in National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Thresholds for Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Treatment-emergent Division of AIDS (DAIDS) Toxicities at Week 24
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Treatment-emergent Division of AIDS (DAIDS) Toxicities at Week 48
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Treatment-emergent Division of AIDS (DAIDS) Toxicities at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With National Kidney Foundation Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Categories of Renal Function at Week 48
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Cluster Difference 4 (CD4+) Cell Count at Week 24
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Cluster Difference 4 (CD4+) Cell Count at Week 48
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Cluster Difference 4 (CD4+) Cell Count at Week 96
NCT00549198 (58) [back to overview]	Exploratory Analysis of Change From Baseline in Albumin as a Ratio to Urine Creatinine at Week 96
NCT00724711 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) at Week 48
NCT00724711 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline Fasting Lipid Parameters at Week 48
NCT00724711 (14) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Pure Virologic Response (PVR) for HIV-1 RNA Cutoff at 50 Copies/mL Through Week 48
NCT00724711 (14) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Pure Virologic Response (PVR) for HIV-1 RNA Cutoff at 200 Copies/mL Through Week 48
NCT00724711 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline C-Reactive Protein at Week 48
NCT00724711 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline Fibrinogen at Week 48
NCT00724711 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline Calculated Creatinine Clearance (CLcr) Using Ideal Body Weight by Cockcroft-Gault Method at Week 48
NCT00724711 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) by Modified Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) at Week 48
NCT00724711 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Cluster Determinant 4 (CD4) Cell Count at Week 48
NCT00724711 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline Fasting Glucose at Week 48
NCT00724711 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline Ratio of Fasting Total Cholesterol Over High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol at Week 48
NCT00724711 (14) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) < 200 Copies/mL Through Week 48 Based on Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR) Algorithm
NCT00724711 (14) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Week 48
NCT00724711 (14) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 200 Copies/mL at Week 48
NCT00851630 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT00851630 (4) [back to overview]	Plasma HIV Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Level < 400 Copies/ml
NCT00851630 (4) [back to overview]	Tuberculosis-immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Events
NCT00851630 (4) [back to overview]	HIV RNA Level < 50 Copies/ml
NCT00915655 (2) [back to overview]	Virological Response[Viral Load <50 Copies/mL, TLOVR]
NCT00915655 (2) [back to overview]	Virological Response [Viral Load <50 Copies/mL, FDA-SNAPSHOT]
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]	Tolerance: Gastrointestinal Complains
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]	Tolerance: Equal or Superior to a 25% Reduction in eGFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate)
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]	Development of Metabolic Syndrome
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With WHO Stage 3 and 4 HIV Related Events
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Resistance Mutations
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Plasma HIV RNA < 50 Copies/mL
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With HIV Plasma Viral Load < 50 Copies/ml
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With HIV Plasma Viral Load < 200 Copies/ml
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Discontinuing Study Treatment
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]	Gain in CD4 Cells Between Baseline and W48
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]	Patients With Plasma HIV RNA < 200 Copies/ml
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]	Adherence
NCT00928187 (13) [back to overview]	Tolerance: Neuropathies (Grade 1 to 4)
NCT00960622 (1) [back to overview]	Change in Peak Oxygen Uptake.
NCT01052701 (2) [back to overview]	Plasma RBV Trough Concentrations
NCT01052701 (2) [back to overview]	Ribavirin Triphosphate (RBV-TP) Intracellular Concentrations
NCT01146873 (5) [back to overview]	Viral Failure
NCT01146873 (5) [back to overview]	CD4 Cell Percentage at 48 Weeks After Randomization
NCT01146873 (5) [back to overview]	Viral Rebound
NCT01146873 (5) [back to overview]	Highest Grade ALT After Randomization
NCT01146873 (5) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Elevated Total Cholesterol, Elevated LDL, Abnormal HDL, or Abnormal Triglycerides at 40 Weeks After Randomization
NCT01263015 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Counts at Week 144
NCT01263015 (11) [back to overview]	Proportion of Subjects Responding Based on Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 c/mL at Week 48
NCT01263015 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Grade 1 to 4 Clinical and Hematology Toxicities at Week144
NCT01263015 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Genotypic Resistance With Virological Failure (VF) Through 144
NCT01263015 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Counts at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 132 and 144
NCT01263015 (11) [back to overview]	Time to Viral Suppression (<50 c/mL)
NCT01263015 (11) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus -1 (HIV-1) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) <50 Copies/Milliliter (c/mL) at Week 96 and Week 144
NCT01263015 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With a Confirmed Plasma HIV-1 RNA Level >=1000 c/mL at or After Week 16 and Before Week 24, or a Confirmed Plasma HIV-1 RNA Level >=200 c/mL at or After Week 24
NCT01263015 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Indicated Post-baseline HIV-associated Conditions and Progression, Excluding Recurrences at Week 144
NCT01263015 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Plasma HIV-1 RNA at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40,48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 132 and 144
NCT01263015 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Symptom Bother Score (SBS) at Week 4 Through Week 48
NCT01352715 (9) [back to overview]	Cumulative Probability of Virologic Failure by Week 48
NCT01352715 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Discontinuing Randomized Treatment for Toxicity
NCT01352715 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With a New AIDS-defining Events or Death
NCT01352715 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With a Targeted Serious Non-AIDS-defining Event or Death
NCT01352715 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Grade 3 or Higher Adverse Event (AE) at Least One Grade Higher Than Baseline
NCT01352715 (9) [back to overview]	Percentage of Time Spent in Hospital
NCT01352715 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations in Protease, Reverse Transcriptase, and Integrase in Participants With Virologic Failure at Baseline and at Time of Virologic Failure
NCT01352715 (9) [back to overview]	Changes in Fasting Total Cholesterol, High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol, Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and Glucose From Baseline
NCT01352715 (9) [back to overview]	Change in CD4+ Cell Count From Baseline to Week 48
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Plasma log10 HIV-1 RNA Over Time by Visit
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin Level Over Time by Visit
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin Level Over Time by Visit
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Estimated Creatinine Clearance Over Time by Visit
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Estimated Creatinine Clearance Over Time by Visit
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Estimated Creatinine Clearance Over Time by Visit
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Creatinine and Total Bilirubin Over Time by Visit
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Creatinine and Total Bilirubin Over Time by Visit
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count Over Time by Visit
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in ALT, AST and CK Over Time by Visit
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in ALT, AST and CK Over Time by Visit
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Absolute Values for Platelet Count, Total Neutrophils and WBC Count During Double-blind Randomized Treatment Until Week 96
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Absolute Values for Plasma Logarithm to the Base 10 (log10) HIV-1 RNA Over Time by Visit
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Absolute Values for Plasma Logarithm to the Base 10 (log10) HIV-1 RNA Over Time by Visit
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Absolute Values for Hemoglobin During Double-blind Randomized Treatment Until Week 96
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Absolute Values for Estimated Creatinine Clearance During Double-blind Randomized Treatment Until Week 96
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Absolute Values for Estimated Creatinine Clearance During Double-blind Randomized Treatment Until Week 96
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Absolute Values for Estimated Creatinine Clearance During Double-blind Randomized Treatment Until Week 96
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Absolute Values for Estimated Creatinine Clearance During Double-blind Randomized Treatment Until Week 96
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Absolute Values for Creatinine and Total Bilirubin During Double-blind Randomized Treatment Until Week 96
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Absolute Values for Cluster of Differentiation 4+ (CD4+) Cell Count During Double-blind Randomized Treatment Until Week 96
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Absolute Values for ALT, AST, CK During Double-blind Randomized Treatment Until Week 96
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) <50 Copies/Milliliter (mL) at Week 48 Using the Missing, Switch, Discontinuation Equals Failure (MSDF) Algorithm
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Treatment Due to Adverse Events-Maintenance Phase
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Treatment Due to Adverse Events-Induction Phase
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Investigational Product Due to Adverse Events
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Maximum Observed Concentration (Cmax) for GSK1265744 at Week 2
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Concentration at the End of a Dosing Interval (Ctau) for GSK1265744 at Week 2
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Area Under the Concentration Time Curve Over the Dosing Interval (AUC[0-tau]) for GSK1265744 at Week 2
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count Over Time by Visit
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL Over Time by Visit Using the MSDF Algorithm
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Estimated Creatinine Clearance Over Time by Visit
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Plasma log10 HIV-1 RNA Over Time by Visit
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total Neutrophils, Platelet Count and WBC Count Over Time by Visit
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total Neutrophils, Platelet Count and WBC Count Over Time by Visit
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adherence to Study Treatment
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adherence to Study Treatment
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adherence to Study Treatment
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)-Maintenance Phase
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With AEs and SAEs Over Time
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With AEs and SAEs-Induction Phase
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Maximum Treatment-emergent Clinical Chemistry Toxicities Over Time
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Maximum Treatment-emergent Clinical Chemistry Toxicities-Maintenance Phase
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Maximum Treatment-emergent Clinical Chemistry Toxicity-Induction Phase
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Maximum Treatment-emergent Hematology Toxicities Over Time
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Maximum Treatment-emergent Hematology Toxicities-Induction Phase
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Maximum Treatment-emergent Hematology Toxicities-Maintenance Phase
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Post-Baseline HIV-1 Associated Conditions Progression of Disease
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Genotypic Mutations Associated With Development of Resistance
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Phenotypic Resistance
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL at Week 16 and Week 24 Using MSDF Algorithm-Induction Phase
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL From Week 24 Through Week 96 by Visit Using MSDF Algorithm-Maintenance Phase
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <400 Copies/mL Until Week 96 Using the MSDF Algorithm
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <400 Copies/mL Until Week 96 Using the Observed Case Analysis
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL Over Time by Visit Using Observed Case Analysis
NCT01641809 (57) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL Over Time by Visit Using Observed Case Analysis
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Hematocrit Count at Indicated Time Points
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Plasma HIV-1 RNA at Indicated Time Points-Continuation Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Plasma HIV-1 RNA at Indicated Time Points-Randomized Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total CHLS/HDL CHLS Ratio at Indicated Timepoints
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Type I Collagen C-telopeptides at Indicated Timepoints
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio at Indicated Time Points
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Vitamin D, Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 at Week 24 and Week 48
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	HIVTSQs Total Score at Indicated Timepoints
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With AEs by Maximum Toxicity-Continuation Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With AEs by Maximum Toxicity-Randomized Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Any Adverse Events (AEs), and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)-Randomized Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Any AEs, and SAEs in Continuation Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Maximum Post-Baseline Emergent Chemistry Toxicities-Continuation Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Maximum Post-Baseline Emergent Chemistry Toxicities-Randomized Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Maximum Post-Baseline Emergent Hematology Toxicities-Continuation Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Maximum Post-Baseline Emergent Hematology Toxicities-Randomized Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Post-Baseline HIV-1 Disease Progression for DTG 50 mg/ABC 600 mg/3TC 300 mg QD (Randomized + Continuation Phase)
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Post-Baseline HIV-1 Disease Progression-Randomized Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Resistances for ATV 300 mg+RTV 100 mg+TDF 300 mg/FTC 200mg QD (Randomized Phase)
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Resistances for DTG 50 mg/ABC 600 mg/3TC 300 mg QD (Randomized + Continuation Phase)
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 and <400 c/mL Over Time-Randomized Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 c/mL in Continuation Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL at Week 48 by Subgroups
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL at Week 48 by Subgroups
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Lipase at Indicated Timepoints
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in TC/HDL Ratio at Week 48
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Triglycerides at Week 48
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Withdrew From Treatment Due to AEs-Continuation Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Withdrew From Treatment Due to AEs-Randomized Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 Copies/mL at Week 48
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Absolute Values in CD4+ Cell Count at Indicated Timepoints-Continuation Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Absolute Values in CD4+ Cell Count at Indicated Timepoints-Randomized Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Absolute Values in Plasma HIV-1 RNA at Indicated Time Points-Continuation Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Absolute Values in Plasma HIV-1 RNA at Indicated Time Points-Randomized Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase, Osteocalcin, Procollagen 1 N-terminal Propeptide, Type 1 Collagen C-Telopeptide, Vitamin D Ratio of Week 48 Results Over Baseline
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline at Week 48 in SF-12 Total Score, MCS and PCS
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Alanine Aminotransferase, Alkaline Phosphatase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Creatine Kinase at Indicated Time Points
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Albumin at Indicated Timepoints
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Basophils, Eosinophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes at Indicated Time Points
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Bilirubin and Creatinine at Indicated Timepoints
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase, Osteocalcin and Procollagen 1 N-terminal Propeptide at Indicated Timepoints
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Carbon Dioxide, Electrolytes, Lipids, Glucose, Urea at Indicated Time Points
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Carbon Dioxide, Electrolytes, Lipids, Glucose, Urea at Indicated Time Points
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count at Indicated Timepoints-Continuation Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count at Indicated Timepoints-Randomized Phase
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Creatinine Clearance at Indicated Time Points
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Erythrocyte Mean Corpuscular Volume at Indicated Time Points
NCT01910402 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Erythrocytes at Indicated Time Points
NCT01973439 (4) [back to overview]	Area Under Curve (AUC) (0-24) of Abacavir on Twice Daily Dosing
NCT01973439 (4) [back to overview]	Cmax of Abacavir on Once Daily Dosing
NCT01973439 (4) [back to overview]	Cmax of Abacavir on Twice Daily Dosing
NCT01973439 (4) [back to overview]	AUC(0-24) of Abacavir on Once Daily Dosing
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Cotrimoxazole: New Serious Adverse Events Not Solely Related to HIV
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir+Lamivudine: Weight-for-age Z-score
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	CDM vs LCM, Induction ART: Suppression of HIV RNA Viral Load 72 Weeks After Baseline
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Cotrimoxazole: Adherence to ART as Measured by Self-reported Questionnaire (Missing Any Pills in the Last 4 Weeks)
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Cotrimoxazole: All-cause Mortality
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Cotrimoxazole: Body Mass Index-for-age Z-score
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Cotrimoxazole: Change From Baseline in Absolute CD4 to Week 72
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Cotrimoxazole: Change From Baseline in CD4% to Week 72
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Cotrimoxazole: Height-for-age Z-score
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Cotrimoxazole: New Clinical and Diagnostic Positive Malaria
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Cotrimoxazole: New Grade 3 or 4 Adverse Event (AE), Not Solely Related to HIV
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Cotrimoxazole: New Hospitalisation or Death
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	LCM vs CDM, Induction ART: Change From Baseline in Absolute CD4 to Week 144
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Cotrimoxazole: New Severe Pneumonia
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Cotrimoxazole: New WHO Stage 3 or 4 Event or Death
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Cotrimoxazole: New WHO Stage 3 Severe Recurrent Pneumonia or Diarrhoea
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Cotrimoxazole: New WHO Stage 4 Event or Death
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Cotrimoxazole: Weight-for-age Z-score
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Induction ART: Change From Baseline in CD4% 72 Weeks After ART Initiation
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Induction ART: Change From Baseline in CD4% to 144 Weeks From ART Initiation
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Induction ART: New Grade 3 or 4 Adverse Event (AE), Not Solely Related to HIV
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Induction ART: New WHO Stage 4 Event or Death
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	LCM vs CDM, Induction ART: Adherence to ART as Measured by Self-reported Questionnaire (Missing Any Pills in the Last 4 Weeks)
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	LCM vs CDM, Induction ART: All-cause Mortality
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	LCM vs CDM, Induction ART: Body Mass Index-for-age Z-score
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	LCM vs CDM, Induction ART: Cessation of First-line Regimen for Clinical/Immunological Failure
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	LCM vs CDM, Induction ART: Change From Baseline in Absolute CD4 to Week 72
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	LCM vs CDM, Induction ART: Height-for-age Z-score
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	LCM vs CDM, Induction ART: New ART-modifying Adverse Event
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	LCM vs CDM, Induction ART: New Grade 3 or 4 Adverse Event Definitely/Probably or Uncertainly Related to ART
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	LCM vs CDM, Induction ART: New or Recurrent WHO Stage 3 or 4 Event or Death
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	LCM vs CDM, Induction ART: New Serious Adverse Events Not Solely Related to HIV
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	LCM vs CDM, Induction ART: New WHO Stage 3 or 4 Event or Death
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	LCM vs CDM, Induction ART: Weight-for-age Z-score
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	LCM vs CDM: Change From Baseline in CD4% to Week 144
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	LCM vs CDM: Change From Baseline in CD4% to Week 72
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	LCM vs CDM: Disease Progression to a New WHO Stage 4 Event or Death
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	LCM vs CDM: New Grade 3 or 4 Adverse Event (AE), Not Solely Related to HIV
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir+Lamivudine: Adherence to ART as Measured by Self-reported Questionnaire (Missing Any Pills in the Last 4 Weeks)
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir+Lamivudine: Adherence to ART as Measured by Self-reported Questionnaire (Missing Any Pills in the Last 4 Weeks) at 48 Weeks
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir+Lamivudine: Adherence to ART as Measured by Self-reported Questionnaire (Missing Any Pills in the Last 4 Weeks) at 96 Weeks
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir+Lamivudine: All-cause Mortality
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir+Lamivudine: Body Mass Index-for-age Z-score
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir+Lamivudine: Change From Baseline in Absolute CD4 to Week 48
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir+Lamivudine: Change From Baseline in Absolute CD4 to Week 96
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir+Lamivudine: Change From Baseline in CD4% to Week 48
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir+Lamivudine: Change From Baseline in CD4% to Week 72
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir+Lamivudine: Change From Baseline in CD4% to Week 96
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir+Lamivudine: Height-for-age Z-score
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir+Lamivudine: New Grade 3 or 4 Adverse Event (AE), Not Solely Related to HIV
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir+Lamivudine: New Grade 3 or 4 Adverse Event (AE), Not Solely Related to HIV, Judged Definitely/Probably or Uncertain Whether Related to Lamivudine or Abacavir
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir+Lamivudine: New Serious Adverse Events Not Solely Related to HIV
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir+Lamivudine: New WHO Stage 3 or 4 Event or Death
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir+Lamivudine: New WHO Stage 4 Event or Death
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir+Lamivudine: Suppressed HIV RNA Viral Load 48 Weeks After Randomisation
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir+Lamivudine: Suppression of HIV RNA Viral Load 96 Weeks After Randomisation
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	CDM vs LCM, Induction ART: Suppression of HIV RNA Viral Load 144 Weeks After Baseline
NCT02028676 (58) [back to overview]	Once Versus Twice Daily Abacavir+Lamivudine: Change From Baseline in Absolute CD4 to Week 72
NCT02384395 (4) [back to overview]	Median Change HIV-1 RNA Level Among Participants Completing Week 24 Visit
NCT02384395 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Grade 3 or Higher Adverse Event (AE)
NCT02384395 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Viral Load Measurement <200 Copies/mL at Week 24
NCT02384395 (4) [back to overview]	Proportion of Treated Participants With HIV-1 RNA to <50 Copies/mL at Week 48
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Parent/Guardian-reported Percent Adherence to Study Drug
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Parent/Guardian-reported Number of Missed Doses of Study Drug
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Median (Q1,Q3) Change From Baseline in Total Cholesterol
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Median (Q1,Q3) Change From Baseline in LDL
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Median (Q1,Q3) Change From Baseline in HDL
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Median (Q1, Q3) CD4+ Percentage
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Median (Q1, Q3) CD4+ Cell Count
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Geometric Mean Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for ABC, DTG, and 3TC
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Geometric Mean Concentration at 24 Hours Post-dose (C24h) for ABC, DTG, and 3TC
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Geometric Mean Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve Over 24 Hours (AUC0-24h) for ABC, DTG, and 3TC
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Antiretroviral (ARV) Resistance Mutations
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With at Least One Adverse Event Through Week 48
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Had at Least One Serious Adverse Event Assessed as Related to Study Drug Through Week 60
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Had at Least One Serious Adverse Event Assessed as Related to Study Drug Through Week 48
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Had at Least One Serious Adverse Event Assessed as Related to Study Drug Through Week 24
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Had at Least One Life-threatening Adverse Event Assessed as Related to Study Drug Through Week 48
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Had at Least One Life-threatening Adverse Event Assessed as Related to Study Drug Through Week 24
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Virologic Failure Through Week 60
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Had at Least One Grade 3 or Grade 4 Adverse Event Assessed as Related to Study Drug Through Week 48
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Had at Least One Grade 3 or Grade 4 Adverse Event Assessed as Related to Study Drug Through Week 24
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Had at Least One Adverse Event Through Week 60
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Had at Least One Adverse Event Through Week 24
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Had at Least One Adverse Event Assessed as Related to Study Drug That Led to Permanent Discontinuation of Study Drug Through Week 60
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA Less Than 200 Copies/mL
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Had at Least One Grade 3 or Grade 4 Adverse Event Assessed as Related to Study Drug Through Week 60
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Had a Grade 5 Adverse Event Assessed as Related to Study Drug Through Week 60
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Had a Grade 5 Adverse Event Assessed as Related to Study Drug Through Week 48
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Had a Grade 5 Adverse Event Assessed as Related to Study Drug Through Week 24
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Median (Q1,Q3) Change From Baseline in Triglycerides
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Parent/Guardian-reported Reason for Missed Doses of Study Drug
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Parent/Guardian-reported Ease of Giving Study Drug
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Had at Least One Adverse Event Assessed as Related to Study Drug That Led to Permanent Discontinuation of Study Drug Through Week 24
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Parent/Guardian-reported Response of Child's Face When Taking Study Drug
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Virologic Failure Through Week 48
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Virologic Failure Through Week 48
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Parent/Guardian-reported Response of How Often the Child Received the Study Drug in the Way They Were Supposed to
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Virologic Success of HIV-1 RNA Less Than 200 Copies/mL Using FDA Snapshot Algorithm
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Virologic Failure Through Week 60
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Parent/Guardian-reported Response of Child's Face When Taking Favorite Food
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Population PK: Geometric Mean Time to Maximum Concentration (Tmax) for ABC, DTG, and 3TC
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Population PK: Geometric Mean Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for ABC, DTG, and 3TC
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Population PK: Geometric Mean Half-life (t1/2) for ABC, DTG, and 3TC
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Population PK: Geometric Mean Concentration at Time 0 (Pre-dose) (C0h) for ABC, DTG, and 3TC
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Population PK: Geometric Mean Concentration at 24 Hours Post-dose (C24h) for ABC, DTG, and 3TC
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Population PK: Geometric Mean AUC0-24h for ABC, DTG, and 3TC
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Population PK: Geometric Mean Apparent Oral Clearance (CL/F) for ABC, DTG, and 3TC
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Virologic Success of HIV-1 RNA Less Than 50 Copies/mL Using FDA Snapshot Algorithm
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Had at Least One Life-threatening Adverse Event Assessed as Related to Study Drug Through Week 60
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Parent/Guardian-reported Time for Study Drug Tablets to Dissolve
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Parent/Guardian-reported Satisfaction With the Number of Study Drug Tablets to Dissolve
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Parent/Guardian-reported Response of How Well the Person Usually Responsible Administered the Study Drug in the Way They Were Supposed to
NCT03760458 (52) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Had at Least One Adverse Event Assessed as Related to Study Drug That Led to Permanent Discontinuation of Study Drug Through Week 48

PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in ng/mL With Median (95% CI) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using noncompartmental methods. Cmax was the maximum observed concentration after a dose. (NCT00042289)
Timeframe: Measured at 2nd trimester (20-26 wks gestation), 3rd trimester (30-38 wks gestation), and either 2-3 wks, 2-8 wks or 6-12 wks postpartum depending on study arm; Blood samples were drawn pre-dose and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8,12 (and 24) hours post dosing.

Intervention	ng/mL (Median)
	3rd Trimester	Postpartum
MVC 150 or 300mg b.i.d.	448	647

Intervention	mg*hour/L (Median)
	2nd Trimester	3rd Trimester	Postpartum
ATV/COBI 300/150 mg q.d.	25.33	18.85	36.20
ATV/RTV Arm 1: 300/100mg q.d.	88.2	41.9	57.9
ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/100mg q.d. Then 400/100mg q.d. Then 300/100mg q.d.	30.6	45.7	48.8
DRV/COBI 800/150 mg q.d.	50.00	42.05	95.55
DRV/RTV 800/100mg q.d.	64.6	63.5	103.9
DTG 50mg q.d.	47.6	49.2	65.0
EFV 600 mg q.d. (Outside THA)	47.30	60.02	62.70
EVG/COBI 150/150mg q.d.	15.3	14.0	21.0
TAF 10mg q.d. w/COBI	0.197	0.206	0.216
TAF 25mg q.d.	0.171	0.212	0.271
TAF 25mg q.d. w/COBI or RTV Boosting	0.181	0.257	0.283
TFV 300mg q.d.	1.9	2.4	3.0
TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 1: 300/300/100mg q.d.	14.5	28.8	39.6
TFV/ATV/RTV Arm 2: 300/300/100mg q.d. Then 300/400/100mg q.d Then 300/300/100mg q.d.	26.2	37.7	58.7

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	3rd Trimester	Postpartum
EFV 600mg q.d.	20	21
MVC 150 or 300mg b.i.d.	8	7

Intervention	mcg*hr/mL (Median)
	Before contraceptive initiation	After contraceptive initiation
ATV/RTV/TFV 300/100/300mg q.d. With ENG	53.96	55.25
EFV 600mg q.d. With ENG	53.64	56.65

Intervention	mcg*hr/mL (Median)
	Before contraceptive initiation	After contraceptive initiation
LPV/RTV 400/100 b.i.d. With ENG	115.97	100.20

Intervention	unitless (Median)
DRV/RTV 600 or 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 800 or 900/100mg b.i.d. Then 600/100mg b.i.d.	0.15
DTG 50mg q.d.	1.25
EVG/COBI 150/150mg q.d.	0.91
DRV/COBI 800/150 mg q.d.	0.07
ATV/COBI 300/150 mg q.d.	0.07
TFV 300mg q.d.	0.88

Intervention	hour (Median)
DTG 50mg q.d.	32.8
EVG/COBI 150/150mg q.d.	7.6
DRV/COBI 800/150 mg q.d.	NA
EFV 600 mg q.d. (Outside THA)	65.6

Intervention	mcg/mL (Median)
	2-10 hours after birth	18-28 hours after birth	36-72 hours after birth	5-9 days after birth
DRV/COBI 800/150 mg q.d.	0.35	1.43	1.87	1.72
DTG 50mg q.d.	1.73	1.53	1.00	0.06
EFV 600 mg q.d. (Outside THA)	1.1	1.0	0.9	0.4
EVG/COBI 150/150mg q.d.	0.132	0.032	0.005	0.005

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Deferred Therapy	34
Early Therapy 40 Weeks	18
Early Therapy 96 Weeks	13

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Deferred Therapy	48
Early Therapy up to 40 Weeks	32
Early Therapy up to 96 Weeks	26

Intervention	Weeks (Median)
Deferred Therapy	73.1
Early Therapy 40 Weeks	NA
Early Therapy 96 Weeks	NA

Intervention	Days (Number)
Deferred Therapy	1018
Early Therapy 40 Weeks	533
Early Therapy 96 Weeks	414

Intervention	Events per 100 person years (Number)
Deferred Therapy	27.6
Early Therapy 40 Weeks	16.4
Early Therapy 96 Weeks	14.2

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Deferred Therapy	9
Early ART for 40 Weeks	14
Early Therapy for 96 Weeks	11

Intervention	mg/dL (Median)
	Week 48	Week 96
EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC	14	13.5
EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC	23	18
RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC	8	10
RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC	20	18

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Number of Participants with RNA data at Week 48	Number with HIV-1 RNA <200 copies/ml at Week 48	Number of Participants with RNA data at Week 96	Number with HIV-1 RNA <200 copies/ml at Week 96
EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC	415	398	379	362
EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC	400	377	361	342
RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC	416	391	384	368
RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC	411	372	374	346

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Number of Participants with RNA data at Week 48	Number with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml at Week 48	Number of Participants with RNA data at Week 96	Number with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml at Week 96
EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC	415	372	379	345
EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC	400	346	361	328
RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC	416	348	384	345
RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC	411	322	374	317

Intervention	Weeks (Number)
	5th percentile time to virologic failure	10th percentile time to virologic failure
EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC	36	96
EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC	24	36
RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC	24	84
RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC	24	36

Intervention	Weeks (Number)
	5th percentile time to a grade 3/4 safety event	10th percentile time to a grade 3/4 safety event	25th percentile time to a grade 3/4 safety event
EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC	2.6	7.9	59.3
EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC	1.3	2.0	16.0
RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC	3.0	8.1	81.4
RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC	1.3	3.9	44.4

Intervention	Weeks (Number)
	5th percentile time to regimen failure	10th percentile time to regimen failure	25th percentile time to regimen failure
EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC	4	16	72
EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC	4	4	24
RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC	4	16	84
RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC	4	4	36

Intervention	Weeks (Number)
	5th percentile time to treatment modification	10th percentile time to treatment modification	25th percentile time to treatment modification
EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC	3.4	15.0	83.7
EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC	1.4	2.1	27.4
RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC	7.9	24.9	108.9
RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC	1.6	5.0	43.6

abacavir

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (72)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (3)

Drug Classes (1)

Pathways (5)

Protein Targets (11)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (32)

Molecular Functions (43)

Ceullar Components (21)

Bioassays (247)

Research

Studies (1,193)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 70.07

Study Types

Clinical Trials (155)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in ng/mL With Median (95% CI) for ARVs and TB Drugs

PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC24) With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs

PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 12 Hours (AUC12) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs

PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 12 Hours (AUC12) With Geometric Mean (95% CI) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Number of Women Who Met PK Target of Area Under the Curve (AUC) for ARVs

PK Parameter: Cord/Maternal Blood Concentration Ratio With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Number of Women Who Met PK Target of Area Under the Curve (AUC) for ARVs

Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC24) of ARVs for Contraceptive Arms

Area Under the Curve From 0 to 12 Hours (AUC12) of ARVs for Contraceptive Arms

Plasma Concentration for Contraceptives

PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in mg/L With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs

PK Parameter: Cord/Maternal Blood Concentration Ratio With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Pharmacokinetic (PK) Parameter: Infant Plasma Washout Half-life (T1/2) of ARVs and TB Drugs

Pharmacokinetic (PK) Parameter: Infant Plasma Washout Concentration of ARVs and TB Drugs

PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in mg/L With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs

PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C24) With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs

PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C12) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs

PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in mg/L With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs

PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C24) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs

PK Parameter: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) in ng/mL With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs

PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C12) With Geometric Mean (95% CI) for ARVs and TB Drugs

PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C12) With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs

PK Parameter: Trough Concentration (C24) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs

PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 12 Hours (AUC12) With Median (IQR) for ARVs and TB Drugs

PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC24) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs

PK Parameter: Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC24) With Median (Range) for ARVs and TB Drugs

Adverse Events Related to Study Medication

CD4 T Cell Levels

HIV-1 Viral Load Levels

Number of Patients With Viral Load Less Than 50 Copies/ml

Proviral DNA Levels (log10)

Proviral DNA (log10)

Levels of Proviral DNA in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) (log10)

Time to Death Alone or Death Plus Life Threatening Stage C Events or HIV Events Associated With Permanent End-organ Damage.

Time to Failure of First Line Therapy or Death

Time to First Hospitalization

Total Occurrence of Grade 3 or 4 Clinical Events

Total Occurrence of Grade 3 or 4 Laboratory Events

Number of Participants Who Experienced Virological Failure Defined as Confirmed HIV-1 RNA Value of at Least 10,000 Copies Per/ml Recorded on Two Consecutive Separate Occasions After 24 Weeks of Treatment (Initial Therapy or Restart)

Time From Randomization to Starting or Needing to Start Continuous Therapy

Duration of Hospitalisation

Hospitalization Rates

Number of Children Experiencing Severe CDC Stage B or Stage C Disease or Death (Cumulative After 3.5 Years)

Number of Participants Who Experienced Clinical Failure (Defined as Development of Severe CDC Stage B or Stage C Disease.) on Therapy.

Number of Participants Who Experienced Regimen-limiting ART Drug Toxicity

Number of Participants Who Experienced Immunological Failure Defined as Failure of CD4% to Reach 20% or CD4% Falls Below 20% on Two Occasions, Within 4 Weeks, at Any Time After the First 24 Weeks of Therapy (Initial Therapy or Restart)

Change in Fasting Non-high Density Lipoprotein (Non-HDL) Cholesterol Level From Baseline

Intervention	Weeks (Median)
EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC	141.4
EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC	133.3
RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC	141.6
RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC	137.3

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Death	AIDS-defining illness	HIV-1 relatated event
EFV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC	6	14	56
EFV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC	11	25	61
RTV-boosted ATV, FTC/TDF, and Placebo ABC/3TC	6	20	57
RTV-boosted ATV, Placebo FTC/TDF, and ABC/3TC	8	23	63

Intervention	log(10) copies/mL per day (Median)
	monotherapy	dual therapy (combined TDF+ABC)
Abacavir	-.15	-.16
Tenofovir	-.11	-.16

Intervention	fmol/10^6 cells (Median)
	dGTP concentrations	dATP concentrations
Abacavir	2464	3314
Tenofovir	4026	3238

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	M=F, Switch Included, Week 48	TLOVR, Week 48	Obs, Week 48	M/D=F, Week 48	M=F, Switch Included, Week 96	TLOVR, Week 96	Obs, Week 96	M/D=F, Week 96
Abacavir/Lamivudine (ABC/3TC) + Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/RTV)	63	57	78	59	56	46	84	54
Tenofovir/Emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) + LPV/RTV	65	60	86	62	58	51	88	55

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	M=F, Switch Included	TLOVR	Obs	M/D=F
Abacavir/Lamivudine (ABC/3TC) + Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/RTV)	59.9	52.1	86.9	56.4
Tenofovir/Emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) + LPV/RTV	58.0	51.0	91.3	54.5

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Abacavir/Lamivudine (ABC/3TC) + Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/RTV)	67.5
Tenofovir/Emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) + LPV/RTV	67.2

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Resistance NRTI class (M184V, M/V,M/I,A/V,I,M/I/V)	Reduced pheno susceptibility to lamivudine/M184V	Reduced phen susceptibility to lamivudine/M184M/V	Reduced pheno susceptibility to lamivudine/M184M/I	Reduced pheno susceptibility to lamivudine/M184A/V	Reduced pheno susceptibility to lamivudine/M184I	Reduced pheno suscept. to lamivudine/M184M/I/V	Reduced pheno suscept. to emtricitabine/M184V	Reduced pheno suscept. to emtricitabine/M184M/V	Reduced pheno suscept. to emtricitabine/M184M/I	Reduced pheno suscept. to emtricitabine/M184A/V	Reduced pheno suscept. to emtricitabine/M184I	Reduced pheno suscept. to emtricitabine/M184M/I/V
Abacavir/Lamivudine (ABC/3TC) + Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/RTV)	11	4	3	0	0	0	0	4	3	0	0	0	0
Tenofovir/Emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) + LPV/RTV	17	9	0	1	1	1	1	9	0	1	1	1	1

Intervention	participants (Number)
	No. with paired genotypes at baseline and wk 96	Participants with treatment-emergent mutations	NRTI-associated mutations	NNRTI-associated mutations	PI-associated mutations
Abacavir/Lamivudine (ABC/3TC) + Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/RTV)	45	18	11	4	11
Tenofovir/Emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) + LPV/RTV	41	22	17	3	7

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Protocol-defined virologic failure	Fail to confirm HIV-1 RNA <200 copies/mL by wk 24	Confirmed HIV-1 RNA rebound to >= 200 copies/mL	Suspected HIV-1 RNA rebound to >= 200 copies/mL
Abacavir/Lamivudine (ABC/3TC) + Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/RTV)	49	21	28	12
Tenofovir/Emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) + LPV/RTV	48	24	24	11