Page last updated: 2024-12-05

bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone

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Description

Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone, also known as bisphenol S (BPS), is a synthetic organic compound used as a flame retardant, a monomer for polymers, and an antioxidant. It is structurally similar to bisphenol A (BPA) but with a sulfone group replacing the central methylene bridge. BPS is produced by the reaction of phenol with sulfuryl chloride. It has been studied for its potential endocrine-disrupting effects, as it can mimic the action of estrogen in the body. BPS is increasingly found in consumer products, including food packaging, thermal paper, and toys, raising concerns about its potential health impacts.'

bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone: structure and RN in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol : A sulfone that is diphenyl sulfone in which both of the para hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy groups. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID6626
CHEMBL ID384441
CHEBI ID34372
SCHEMBL ID18838
MeSH IDM0538424

Synonyms (106)

Synonym
25641-61-6
BIDD:ER0209
nsc-683541
EU-0066997
inchi=1/c12h10o4s/c13-9-1-5-11(6-2-9)17(15,16)12-7-3-10(14)4-8-12/h1-8,13-14
1,1'-sulfonylbis(4-hydroxybenzene)
bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone
diphone c
bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone
bps 1
ai3-08667
brn 2052954
nsc 8712
nsc 683541
4,4'-bisphenol s
p,p'-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone
ccris 2647
einecs 201-250-5
4,4'-sulphonyldiphenol
4-hydroxyphenyl sulfone
wln: qr dswr dq
bisphenol s
80-09-1
1,1'-sulfonylbis[4-hydroxybenzene]
4,4'-sulfonylbisphenol
bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone
bis(p-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone
nsc-8712
nsc8712
phenol,4'-sulfonylbis-
4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone
4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol
OPREA1_709121
IDI1_019571
4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonylphenol
nsc683541
phenol, 4,4'-sulfonylbis-
phenol, 4,4'-sulfonyldi-
CHEMDIV3_000253
4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol, 98%
NCGC00164029-01
smr000554491
MLS001195068
4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl]phenol
STK267009
AC-11720
B0495
CHEMBL384441
chebi:34372 ,
4-(4-hydroxyphenylsulfonyl)phenol
AKOS000119535
A839834
4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone; bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone; bisphenol s; sdp
NCGC00164029-02
BBL004108
sulphonylbisphenol
einecs 247-158-9
nsc 57909
tox21_302843
NCGC00256437-01
dtxcid602409
dtxsid3022409 ,
cas-80-09-1
NCGC00259292-01
tox21_201743
dhdphs
c12h10o4s
HMS2866C04
ec 201-250-5
3ox4rr782r ,
unii-3ox4rr782r
4-06-00-05809 (beilstein handbook reference)
hsdb 8087
FT-0623040
4,4-sulfonyldiphenol
AB00275288-05
bis(4-hydroxy(phenyl))sulphone
1, 1'-sulfonylbis(4-hydroxybenzene)
bisphenol-s
bis(4-hydroxy(phenyl))sulfone
4-(4-hydroxybenzenesulfonyl)phenol
4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl sulphone
4,4'-dihydroxy diphenylsulfone
bis(4-hydroxylphenyl) sulfone
SCHEMBL18838
4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulphone
4,4'-sulfonylbis[phenol]
di-(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone
cambridge id 5137133
W-104249
6jd ,
mfcd00002350
F0266-0794
bisphenol??s, analytical standard
bisphenols
Z57158549
bp_06 (bps)
bisphenol s (4,4')
DS-5781
Q418379
4,4'-dihydroxy diphenyl sulphone
EN300-18083
AMY40793
4,4'-dihydroxy diphenyl sulfone
CS-W012643
E82999

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"As bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to induce adverse effects on human health, especially through the activation of endocrine pathways, it is about to be withdrawn from the European market and replaced by analogues such as bisphenol S (BPS)."( Is bisphenol S a safe substitute for bisphenol A in terms of metabolic function? An in vitro study.
Chagnon, MC; Costanzo, C; Héliès-Toussaint, C; Peyre, L; Rahmani, R, 2014
)
0.4
"Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely studied typical endocrine-disrupting chemical, and one of the major new issues is the safe replacement of this commonly used compound."( A new chapter in the bisphenol A story: bisphenol S and bisphenol F are not safe alternatives to this compound.
Benachi, A; Eladak, S; Grisin, T; Guerquin, MJ; Habert, R; Livera, G; Moison, D; N'Tumba-Byn, T; Pozzi-Gaudin, S; Rouiller-Fabre, V, 2015
)
0.42
"Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical incorporated into plastics and resins, has estrogenic activity and is associated with adverse health effects in humans and wildlife."( Acute Toxicity, Teratogenic, and Estrogenic Effects of Bisphenol A and Its Alternative Replacements Bisphenol S, Bisphenol F, and Bisphenol AF in Zebrafish Embryo-Larvae.
David, A; Kudoh, T; Lee, O; Moreman, J; Trznadel, M; Tyler, CR, 2017
)
0.46
" phospholipophilicity) were determined by immobilized artificial membrane liquid chromatography (IAM-LC) and possible relationships with in vitro toxic activity were also investigated."( Cytotoxicity of seven bisphenol analogues compared to bisphenol A and relationships with membrane affinity data.
Barbato, F; Capuozzo, A; Grumetto, L; Irace, C; Russo, G; Santamaria, R, 2018
)
0.48
"Because of increasing concerns about its toxic effects, bisphenol A (BPA) has been gradually replaced in industrial applications by analogs such as bisphenol S (BPS)."( Ecotoxicity of bisphenol S to Caenorhabditis elegans by prolonged exposure in comparison with bisphenol A.
Zhou, D, 2018
)
0.48
" In addition, non-monotonic dose-response relationships were observed between the concentrations of bisphenols and the toxic effects mentioned above."( Neurotoxicity of BPA, BPS, and BPB for the hippocampal cell line (HT-22): An implication for the replacement of BPA in plastics.
Fan, R; Li, G; Li, Y; Luo, Z; Meng, L; Pang, Q, 2019
)
0.51
" Recently, we developed a novel in vitro three-dimensional (3D) testicular cell co-culture model, enabling the classification of reproductive toxic substances."( High-Content Image-Based Single-Cell Phenotypic Analysis for the Testicular Toxicity Prediction Induced by Bisphenol A and Its Analogs Bisphenol S, Bisphenol AF, and Tetrabromobisphenol A in a Three-Dimensional Testicular Cell Co-culture Model.
Edenfield, C; Guan, X; Liang, S; Measel, E; Siracusa, JS; Yin, L; Yu, X, 2020
)
0.56
" The toxic effects of BPS in fish is less known and limited."( Bisphenol S leads to cytotoxicity-induced antioxidant responses and oxidative stress in isolated rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) hepatocytes.
Aykut, H; Bostancı, M; Doğan, E; Fidan, C; Kaptaner, B; Yıldız, F; Yılmaz, C, 2021
)
0.62
" Thus, the utilization of BPS instead of BPA as safe alternative in industry should be re-evaluated in the future for environmental health."( Bisphenol S leads to cytotoxicity-induced antioxidant responses and oxidative stress in isolated rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) hepatocytes.
Aykut, H; Bostancı, M; Doğan, E; Fidan, C; Kaptaner, B; Yıldız, F; Yılmaz, C, 2021
)
0.62
" Though, previous reports indicated that BPS been also appeared as a toxic congener comparable to BPA."( A study on bisphenol S induced nephrotoxicity and assessment of altered downstream kidney metabolites using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomics.
Ansari, JA; Ayanur, A; Jagdale, P; Jain, V; Mandrah, K; Roy, SK; Shukla, S; Srivastava, V, 2022
)
0.72
" These findings provide insight into the rational and safe application of BPS."( Bisphenol S induces cardiovascular toxicity by disturbing the development of the common cardinal vein and myocardial contractility in zebrafish embryos.
Hao, L; Li, P; Li, Z; Ru, S; Wang, W; Zhang, J; Zhang, X, 2022
)
0.72
" We examined the toxic effects of BPS on gastric and renal functions, as well as the efficacy of allopurinol as a treatment."( Evaluation of the therapeutic role of allopurinol on bisphenol S gastric and renal toxicity in adult male albino rats: An in vivo study.
Fattah, AA; Hosny, SA; Khalifa, FN; Matter, LM; Moawad, AM; Ramadan, NM, 2022
)
0.72
" Our results showed that many BPA analogues are more toxic than BPA in the embryonic zebrafish assay regarding teratogenic effect and mortality, which may partially due to differences in lipophilicity and/or different substitutes of structural function groups such as CF3, benzene, or cyclohexane."( Structure-based developmental toxicity and ASD-phenotypes of bisphenol A analogues in embryonic zebrafish.
Bai, C; Chen, J; Dong, Q; Huang, C; Lin, J; Song, Y; Tian, L; Zheng, Y, 2023
)
0.91
" Hence, multi-generational exposure to low concentrations of BPS can have adverse effects on population health of aquatic organisms with short breeding cycles, highlighting the necessity to assess the ecotoxicology of chronic BPS exposure for public health."( Life history traits of low-toxicity alternative bisphenol S on Daphnia magna with short breeding cycles: A multigenerational study.
He, C; Ji, W; Jiang, R; Jing, C; Liu, J; Lu, G; Zhang, Y; Zheng, X, 2023
)
0.91
"Bisphenol F (BPF) and Bisphenol S (BPS) are safe alternatives substances? Here Drosophila melanogaster were exposed during development (larval stage) to BPF and BPS (0."( Safer alternatives? Bisphenol F and Bisphenol S induce oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster larvae and trigger developmental damage.
Fernandes, EJ; Guerra, GP; Janner, DE; Meichtry, LB; Mustafa Dahleh, MM; Poetini, MR; Prigol, M; Santos Musachio, EA, 2023
)
0.91
" We developed a high-content image-based single-cell analysis and measured a broad spectrum of adverse endpoints related to the development of reproductive toxicology, including cell number, nuclear morphology, DNA synthesis, cell cycle progression, early DNA damage response, cytoskeleton structure, DNA methylation status, and autophagy."( High-content analysis of testicular toxicity of BPA and its selected analogs in mouse spermatogonial, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells revealed BPAF induced unique multinucleation phenotype associated with the increased DNA synthesis.
Hu, C; Yin, L; Yu, XJ, 2023
)
0.91
" Here, we evaluated the toxic effects of five common BPs on freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas mexicana and removal of the BPs by the alga."( Fate of five bisphenol derivatives in Chlamydomonas mexicana: Toxicity, removal, biotransformation and microalgal metabolism.
Ahn, HJ; Ahn, Y; Jeon, BH; Khan, MA; Kurade, MB; Li, X; Park, YK; Salama, ES; Yadav, N, 2023
)
0.91
" In this study, we conducted BPS toxicity tests on aquatic plants (acute), cladocerans (acute and chronic), and fish (chronic) to determine its adverse effects, and calculated the toxicity values."( Identification of aquatic ecological risk of bisphenol S in four Asian countries based on the SSD and alternative toxicity data of model species Danio rerio.
Bae, S; Chae, Y; Kim, DW; Kim, S; Kim, YJ; Moon, HG; Park, CB; Park, JW; Seo, JS, 2023
)
0.91

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Research has shown that only the parent compounds have affinity to the estrogen receptors, suggesting that the pharmacokinetic behavior of bisphenols (BPs) can influence their potency."( Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling of the Bisphenols BPA, BPS, BPF, and BPAF with New Experimental Metabolic Parameters: Comparing the Pharmacokinetic Behavior of BPA with Its Substitutes.
Gramec Skledar, D; Hungerbühler, K; Karrer, C; Peterlin Mašič, L; Roiss, T; von Goetz, N, 2018
)
0.48
"Our goal was to compare the pharmacokinetic behaviors of BPA, BPS, BPF, and BPAF for different age groups after environmentally relevant external exposures by taking into account substance-specific metabolism kinetics and partitioning behavior."( Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling of the Bisphenols BPA, BPS, BPF, and BPAF with New Experimental Metabolic Parameters: Comparing the Pharmacokinetic Behavior of BPA with Its Substitutes.
Gramec Skledar, D; Hungerbühler, K; Karrer, C; Peterlin Mašič, L; Roiss, T; von Goetz, N, 2018
)
0.48
"We readjusted a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for peroral exposure to BPA and extended it to include dermal exposure."( Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling of the Bisphenols BPA, BPS, BPF, and BPAF with New Experimental Metabolic Parameters: Comparing the Pharmacokinetic Behavior of BPA with Its Substitutes.
Gramec Skledar, D; Hungerbühler, K; Karrer, C; Peterlin Mašič, L; Roiss, T; von Goetz, N, 2018
)
0.48

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The data indicated that almost all the BPS oral dose was absorbed and transported into the liver where only 41% of BPS was glucuronidated, leading to a systemic bioavailability of 57."( Oral Systemic Bioavailability of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S in Pigs.
Bouchard, M; Collet, SH; Gayrard, V; Gély, CA; Grandin, FC; Lacroix, MZ; Léandri, R; Mila, H; Picard-Hagen, N; Rabozzi, B; Toutain, PL; Viguié, C, 2019
)
0.51
" Toxicokinetic data on BPS from animal and human studies were also analyzed and showed a 100-fold higher oral bioavailability compared to BPA in a pig model."( Regulatory and academic studies to derive reference values for human health: The case of bisphenol S.
Babajko, S; Beausoleil, C; Canivenc-Lavier, MC; Chevalier, N; Emond, C; Habert, R; Le Magueresse-Battistoni, B; Mhaouty-Kodja, S; Picard-Hagen, N; Viguié, C, 2022
)
0.72
"The bioconcentration factor (BCF) is a key parameter for bioavailability assessment of environmental pollutants in regulatory frameworks."( Predicting bioconcentration factor and estrogen receptor bioactivity of bisphenol a and its analogues in adult zebrafish by directed message passing neural networks.
Chen, G; Chen, P; He, K; Shan, G; Wang, R; Yang, L; Zhu, L, 2022
)
0.72

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Then, using the FeTA system without LH (the experimental conditions in which mouse and human fetal testes are most sensitive to BPA), we found that, as for BPA, 10 nmol/L BPS or BPF is sufficient to decrease basal testosterone secretion by human fetal testes with often nonmonotonic dose-response curves."( A new chapter in the bisphenol A story: bisphenol S and bisphenol F are not safe alternatives to this compound.
Benachi, A; Eladak, S; Grisin, T; Guerquin, MJ; Habert, R; Livera, G; Moison, D; N'Tumba-Byn, T; Pozzi-Gaudin, S; Rouiller-Fabre, V, 2015
)
0.42
" After exposure to BPS, the mRNA expression of corticotrophin releasing hormone (crh) and thyroglobulin (tg) genes were up-regulated at ≥10 μg/L of BPS, in a dose-response manner."( Waterborne exposure to BPS causes thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish larvae.
Yang, ZL; Zhang, DH; Zhou, EX, 2017
)
0.46
"5, 5, 50, and 500 μg/L BPS had no effect on larval survival, almost all the studied genes were upregulated following a non-monotonic dose-response curve."( The BPA-substitute bisphenol S alters the transcription of genes related to endocrine, stress response and biotransformation pathways in the aquatic midge Chironomus riparius (Diptera, Chironomidae).
Aquilino, M; Herrero, Ó; Planelló, R; Sánchez-Argüello, P, 2018
)
0.48
"05) in response to each dosage of bisphenol analogs exposures."( Effects of bisphenol A and its analogs bisphenol F and S on life parameters, antioxidant system, and response of defensome in the marine rotifer Brachionus koreanus.
Han, J; Hwang, UK; Jung, JH; Kim, M; Lee, JS; Lee, MC; Park, JC; Yoon, DS, 2018
)
0.48
" In addition, non-monotonic dose-response relationships were observed between the concentrations of bisphenols and the toxic effects mentioned above."( Neurotoxicity of BPA, BPS, and BPB for the hippocampal cell line (HT-22): An implication for the replacement of BPA in plastics.
Fan, R; Li, G; Li, Y; Luo, Z; Meng, L; Pang, Q, 2019
)
0.51
" Due to the non-monotonic dose-response effect of bisphenol, the data of both BPS groups were directly compared with those of the controls, not to each other."( Short and long-term effects of bisphenol S (BPS) exposure during pregnancy and lactation on plasma lipids, hormones, and behavior in rats.
Bertasso, IM; Carvalho, JC; Claudio-Neto, S; da Silva, BS; de Moura, EG; Lisboa, PC; Lopes, BP; Manhães, AC; Oliveira, E; Peixoto-Silva, N; Pietrobon, CB; Santos, TR, 2019
)
0.51
" Allometric scaling was performed using mean BPS plasma clearance values measured in rats after intravenous administration of 5 mg BPS /kg body weight (BW) and those previously obtained in piglets and sheep using identical IV BPS dosing and analytical procedures."( Toxicokinetics of bisphenol S in rats for predicting human bisphenol S clearance from allometric scaling.
Bouchard, M; Gayrard, V; Gély, CA; Grandin, FC; Lacroix, MZ; Léandri, R; Picard-Hagen, N; Roques, B; Toutain, PL, 2020
)
0.56
" The dose-response relationship was explored by the restricted cubic spline model."( Association of bisphenol A and its alternatives bisphenol S and F exposure with hypertension and blood pressure: A cross-sectional study in China.
Jiang, S; Liu, H; Lu, Q; Peng, C; Tong, Y; Zhang, X; Zhou, H; Zhou, S, 2020
)
0.56
" We found that exposure to BPS for 24 h altered the proliferation of MCF-10A cells in a hormetic manner with the highest proliferation rate at the dosage of 1 μM."( Integration of proteomics and metabolomics reveals promotion of proliferation by exposure of bisphenol S in human breast epithelial MCF-10A cells.
Cai, Z; Chen, X; Huang, W; Zhao, C; Zhu, L, 2020
)
0.56
" In this review, we present striking evidence of the correlation between BPA exposure and various CVDs, and show that a nonmonotonic dose-response curve (NMDRC) was common in studies of the CV effects of BPA in vivo."( Cardiovascular toxicity and mechanism of bisphenol A and emerging risk of bisphenol S.
Hao, XD; Jia, DD; Qian, LL; Shan, C; Wang, Y; Xu, HM; Zhang, YF, 2020
)
0.56
" Interestingly, the steady-state approximation following this dosing strategy achieved a fetal concentration of unconjugated BPA to levels observed in cord blood from human biomonitoring studies."( Pregnancy-specific physiologically-based toxicokinetic models for bisphenol A and bisphenol S.
Bhattacharya, S; Conolly, R; Filipovic, D; Gingrich, J; Veiga-Lopez, A, 2021
)
0.62
" Our results revealed that 1-month exposure to a BPS dosage of 100 μg/kg bw slightly increased the insulin sensitivity of normal diet-fed mice, and that this effect was enhanced after 3-month exposure."( Long-term exposure to low doses of bisphenol S has hypoglycaemic effect in adult male mice by promoting insulin sensitivity and repressing gluconeogenesis.
Chen, Y; Ding, W; Guo, Y; He, J; Hu, X; Huang, S; Ke, Y; Li, D; Liu, G; Liu, J; Liu, P; Liu, W; Lv, Z; Peng, C; Song, J; Tang, Z; Wang, F; Zhou, Z, 2021
)
0.62
" hASCs with BPF or BPS produced a linear dose-response increase in intracellular lipid accumulation and in gene expression of the adipogenic markers, confirmed by protein levels."( Bisphenol F and bisphenol S promote lipid accumulation and adipogenesis in human adipose-derived stem cells.
Fernández, MF; Molina-Molina, JM; Mustieles, V; Olea, N; Olivas-Martínez, A; Reina-Pérez, I; Ruiz-Ojeda, FJ, 2021
)
0.62
" In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were orally and continuously dosed at 500 μg/kg/day to mimic the actual human BPS exposure scenario, and then free BPS and its conjugated metabolites were analyzed in rat internal tissues, blood, and excreta."( Disposition of Bisphenol S metabolites in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Jin, H; Mao, L; Mao, W; Zhang, Y; Zhao, M; Zhao, N, 2022
)
0.72
" The Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models showed a U-shaped dose-response relationship between bisphenol A (BPA) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) (p < 0."( Associations of bisphenol exposure with thyroid hormones in pregnant women: a prospective birth cohort study in China.
Fan, H; Huang, D; Huang, H; Liang, J; Liao, Q; Liu, S; Long, J; Pan, D; Qiu, X; Tang, P; Yu, C; Zeng, X, 2022
)
0.72
" Dose-response relationships were discovered between BPA, BPS, BPZ, and BPAF quartiles and PCOS."( Exposure to bisphenol A and its analogs and polycystic ovarian syndrome in women of childbearing age: A multicenter case-control study.
Shen, X; Tang, W; Xu, H; Zhan, W; Zhang, J, 2023
)
0.91
" Both BPA and BPS showed a positive dose-response relationship with trunk fat (BPA: P=."( Association Between Urinary Bisphenols and Body Composition Among American Adults: Cross-Sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Study.
Deng, Q; Dong, Q; Li, J; Li, Y; Qiu, S; Shen, B; Tang, T; Wang, J; Wei, Q; Wu, E; Wu, R; Yang, L; Zhang, C; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z; Zhao, J; Zheng, J; Zhu, Q; Zong, H, 2023
)
0.91
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
metaboliteAny intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
endocrine disruptorAny compound that can disrupt the functions of the endocrine (hormone) system
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
sulfoneAn organosulfur compound having the structure RS(=O)2R (R =/= H).
bisphenolBy usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (15)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency9.46620.003245.467312,589.2998AID2517
acetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Potency80.16080.002541.796015,848.9004AID1347398
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency27.47270.006038.004119,952.5996AID1159521; AID1159523
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.86450.000714.592883.7951AID1259369; AID1259392
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.24290.000221.22318,912.5098AID588515; AID588516; AID743035; AID743036; AID743063
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.14150.000657.913322,387.1992AID1259377; AID1259394
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency61.50380.001022.650876.6163AID1224838; AID1224893
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency24.48510.003041.611522,387.1992AID1159552
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.69750.000817.505159.3239AID1159531
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency34.58610.005428.02631,258.9301AID1346982
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.96230.000229.305416,493.5996AID1259383; AID588514; AID743069; AID743075; AID743077; AID743079
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency2.18720.023723.228263.5986AID743223
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency17.33410.000723.06741,258.9301AID743085
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency61.13060.000627.21521,122.0200AID651741
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.76900.002319.595674.0614AID651631
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (124)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
autophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrestCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transductionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein localizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replicationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespanCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substanceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-rayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
viral processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signalingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomeraseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UVCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeabilityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiodCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibioticCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behaviorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell deathCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-CCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin DCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shuntCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (34)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protease bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
p53 bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (19)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nuclear bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replication forkCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
centrosomeCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
PML bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand breakCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatinCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (19)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1653398Antimycobacterial activity against DDS sensitive Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 607 infected in mouse2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13
Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID1413263Inhibition of full length Escherichia coli DNA gyrase ATPase activity at 1 mM measured for 20 mins by lactate dehydrogenase assay relative to control2018MedChemComm, Oct-01, Volume: 9, Issue:10
Identification of an auxiliary druggable pocket in the DNA gyrase ATPase domain using fragment probes.
AID280385Activation of human CYP2C9 assessed as (S)-Flurbiprofen hydroxylation2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-22, Volume: 50, Issue:6
Use of simple docking methods to screen a virtual library for heteroactivators of cytochrome P450 2C9.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).2014Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
AID1159537qHTS screening for TAG (triacylglycerol) accumulators in algae2017Plant physiology, Aug, Volume: 174, Issue:4
Identification and Metabolite Profiling of Chemical Activators of Lipid Accumulation in Green Algae.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (507)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's3 (0.59)29.6817
2010's227 (44.77)24.3611
2020's277 (54.64)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 21.26

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index21.26 (24.57)
Research Supply Index6.23 (2.92)
Research Growth Index6.91 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index21.17 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (21.26)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews21 (4.13%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other488 (95.87%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]