acetaminophen

Research Excerpts

Overview

Acetaminophen (ApAP) is an electron donor capable of reducing radicals generated by redox cycling of hemeproteins. It is a widely used analgesic, but also a main cause of acute liver injury in the United States and many western countries. Acetaminphen overdose is a leading cause of liver failure, and a Leading cause of pediatric poisoning requiring hospital admission.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a popular analgesic. "	( Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of acetaminophen analgesia in Japanese patients with chronic pain. Aoyama, T; Aoyama, Y; Matsumoto, Y; Ohe, Y; Shinoda, S; Tomioka, S, 2007)	2.06
"Acetaminophen (ApAP) is an electron donor capable of reducing radicals generated by redox cycling of hemeproteins. "	( Rational Design of Novel Pyridinol-Fused Ring Acetaminophen Analogues. Amin, T; Boutaud, O; Jeong, BS; Liu, W; Oates, JA; Porter, NA; Roberts, LJ; Shchepin, RV; Yin, H; Zagol-Ikapitte, I, 2013)	2.09
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic, but also a main cause of acute liver injury in the United States and many western countries. "	( Kupffer cells regulate liver recovery through induction of chemokine receptor CXCR2 on hepatocytes after acetaminophen overdose in mice. Jaeschke, H; Nguyen, NT; Ramachandran, A; Sanchez-Guerrero, G; Umbaugh, DS, 2022)	2.38
"Acetaminophen is a frequently used over-the-counter or prescribed medication in the United States. "	( Prognostic factors of acetaminophen exposure in the United States: An analysis of 39,000 patients. Hadianfar, A; Hoyte, C; Mégarbane, B; Mehrpour, O; Saeedi, F, 2021)	2.38
"Acetaminophen is a widely clinically used analgesic. "	( Comparison of intravenous and oral administration of acetaminophen in adults undergoing general anesthesia. Cao, Q; Dong, H; Fan, C; Meng, H; Yuan, R; Zhang, S, 2022)	2.41
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely consumed drug for pain management and treatment of pyrexia. "	( Ameliorative effect of Spatoglossum asperum and its solvent fractions against acetaminophen-induced liver dysfunction in rats. Ara, J; Azam, M; Ehteshamul-Haque, S; Khan, H; Qureshi, SA; Tariq, A, 2022)	2.39
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a worldwide antipyretic as well as an analgesic medication. "	( Diacerein ameliorates acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in rats via inhibiting HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB and upregulating PPAR-γ signal. Harahsheh, E; Hussein, S; Mohamed Kamel, GA, 2022)	2.48
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a common drug causing DILI."	( Study on the Protective Effect of Schizandrin B against Acetaminophen-Induced Cytotoxicity in Human Hepatocyte. Cao, Y; Cheng, L; Gao, Z; Wang, L; Wang, T; Wu, W; Zhang, Q, 2022)	1.69
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic. "	( Anti-TLR4 IgG2 Prevents Acetaminophen-induced Acute Liver Injury through the Toll-like Receptor 4/MAPKs Signaling Pathway in Mice. Feng, T; Gong, D; Wang, C; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Yao, C; Zhang, Y; Zhu, J, 2023)	2.66
"Acetaminophen overdose is a leading cause of liver failure, and a leading cause of pediatric poisoning requiring hospital admission. "	( Comparison of Two-Bag Versus Three-Bag N-Acetylcysteine Regimens for Pediatric Acetaminophen Toxicity. Camarena-Michel, A; Hoyte, C; Leonard, J; Pennington, S; Sudanagunta, S; Wang, GS, 2023)	2.58
"Acetaminophen is a popular, universally used, over-the-counter pain medication contained in more than 600 different products and available in a plethora of dosage forms. "	( Acetaminophen: Is Too Much of a Good Thing Too Much? Donaldson, M; Goodchild, JH, 2022)	3.61
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a relatively safe analgesic drug, but overdosing can cause acute liver failure. "	( The concerted elevation of conjugation reactions is associated with the aggravation of acetaminophen toxicity in Akr1a-knockout mice with an ascorbate insufficiency. Fujii, J; Homma, T; Itoh, H; Kawamae, K; Kimura, S; Kobayashi, S; Miyata, S; Nakane, M; Osaki, T, 2022)	2.39
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a widely used drug worldwide and one of the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in freshwater ecosystems."	( Metabolomic analysis predicted changes in growth rate in Daphnia magna exposed to acetaminophen. Jeong, TY; Labine, LM; Lari, E; Simpson, MJ, 2022)	1.67
"Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic throughout the world. "	( A bibliometric analysis of graphene in acetaminophen detection: Current status, development, and future directions. Chen, F; Fu, L; Karimi, F; Mao, S; Su, W; Xiang, S; Zare, N; Zhao, S, 2022)	2.43
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used antipyretic analgesic which can lead to acute liver failure after overdoses. "	( Caveolin-1 Alleviates Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating the Ang II/EGFR/ERK Axis. Feng, X; Fu, D; Hu, C; Huang, Y; Jiang, W; Jiang, X; Wang, J; Wen, J; Xin, J; You, T, 2022)	2.48
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a frequently used painkiller, and hepatotoxic side effects limit its use."	( Exploration of the Protective Mechanism of Naringin in the Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatic Injury by Metabolomics. Cai, Y; Chen, B; Gu, W; Li, M; Lin, Z; Liu, W; Shen, Z; Wan, CC; Wang, G; Yan, T; Zhao, S; Zheng, G, 2022)	1.69
"And acetaminophen (APAP) is a promising therapeutic medicine for SAE treatment."	( Acetaminophen alleviates ferroptosis in mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy via the GPX4 pathway. Chu, J; Jiang, Y; Li, H; Yu, Y; Zhang, J; Zhou, W, )	2.05
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a well-known anti-allergic, anti-pyretic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which upon overdose leads to hepatotoxicity, the major adverse event of this over-the-counter drug."	( Acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity: An overview of the promising protective effects of natural products and herbal formulations. Anchi, P; Bansod, S; Chilvery, S; Godugu, C; Khurana, A; Saifi, MA; Yelne, A, 2023)	3.07
"Acetaminophen (AAP) is an analgesic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a micropollutant that has been detected in waterbodies worldwide. "	( Acetaminophen adsorption to spherical carbons hydrothermally synthesized from sucrose: experimental, molecular, and mathematical modeling studies. Kim, SB; Lee, SC; Yoo, SH, 2023)	3.8
"Acetaminophen is an option for antipyresis in clinical cases, particularly when administration of traditional NSAIDs is contraindicated."	( Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of orally administered acetaminophen (paracetamol) in adult horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia. Council-Troche, RM; Davis, JL; McKenzie, HC; Mercer, MA; Messenger, KM; Schaefer, E; Werre, SR, 2023)	1.88
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic drug, but its over-dose is associated with acute liver failure where the clinical approved antidote treatment is limited."	( Pien Tze Huang attenuated acetaminophen-induced liver injury by autophagy mediated-NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition. Chang, D; He, Y; Huang, M; Li, S; Lin, Y; Liu, W; Xu, W; Zhang, Q; Zhao, R; Zheng, Y; Zhou, X, 2023)	1.93
"Acetaminophen is a frequently used analgesic for pain and fever. "	( In utero acetaminophen exposure and child neurodevelopmental outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Albanese, CM; Barrett, K; Brown, HK; Fatima, M; Levis, B; Li, J; Pablo, LA; Ricci, C, 2023)	2.77
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is an over-the-counter antipyretic analgesic that exhibits high hepatotoxicity when used for long-term or in overdoses."	( Protection of taraxasterol against acetaminophen-induced liver injury elucidated through network pharmacology and in vitro and in vivo experiments. Ge, B; Kong, L; Liu, X; Sang, R; Wang, W; Yan, K; Yu, M; Yu, Y; Zhang, X, 2023)	1.91
"Acetaminophen is a drug widely used in the world and easily accessible due to its antipyretic, analgesics characteristics, among others (1); however, exposure to toxic doses causes organic damage and even death. "	( [Use of the Scottish and Newcastle Anti-Emetic Pretreatment (SNAP) scheme in recovery from massive overdose of acetaminophen poisoning with acute liver failure - Case report]. Bellido-Caparó, Á; Gamarra-L Ázaro, A; García-Encinas, C; Tapia-Ib Áñez, EX; Torres-Maure, M, )	1.79
"Acetaminophen is a pharmaceutical synthesized non-opioid analgesic that belongs to the "aniline analgesics" class of medicine. "	( Hepatoprotective Effect of Vitamin B12 in Acetaminophen Induce Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats. Ahmed Mohammed, R; Fadheel, QJ, 2023)	2.62
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a ubiquitously administered drug in critically ill patients. "	( Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Dose Optimization of Acetaminophen and its Metabolites Following Intravenous Infusion in Critically ill Adults. Mulubwa, M; Qader, AM; Sridharan, K, 2023)	2.59
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used medication by pregnant women and is known to cross the placenta. "	( Association between acetaminophen metabolites and CYP2E1 DNA methylation level in neonate cord blood in the Boston Birth Cohort. Hong, X; Ladd-Acosta, C; Li, Y; Liang, L; Wang, X, 2023)	2.68
"Acetaminophen is a common analgesic and fever reduction medicine for pregnant women. "	( Course-, dose-, and stage-dependent toxic effects of prenatal acetaminophen exposure on fetal long bone development. Chen, L; Gu, H; Guo, Y; Li, B; Li, X; Ma, C; Wang, H; Wen, Y; Xiao, H, 2023)	2.59
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a common antipyretic and analgesic drug that can cause long-term liver damage after an overdose. "	( Caveolin-1 protects against liver damage exacerbated by acetaminophen in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting the ERK/HIF-1α pathway. Fu, D; Hu, C; Huang, Y; Jiang, X; Jin, L; Li, B; Li, Y; Wu, S; Xin, J; You, T, 2023)	2.6
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a double-edged sword, mainly depending on the dosage. "	( LPCAT3/LPLAT12 deficiency in the liver ameliorates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. Inagaki, NF; Nakanishi, H; Ohto, T; Shimizu, T; Shindou, H, 2024)	3.14
"IV acetaminophen is an integral and effective part of our opioid-sparing multimodal pain regimen in TKA."	( Evolution of an Opioid Sparse Pain Management Program for Total Knee Arthroplasty With the Addition of Intravenous Acetaminophen. Bosco, JA; Eftekhary, N; Iorio, R; Long, WJ; Schwarzkopf, R; Wiznia, D; Yu, S, 2020)	1.28
"Acetaminophen is a widely available analgesic and antipyretic medication. "	( [Acetaminophen poisonings hospitalized at the Pomeranian Center of Toxicology in 2010-2015]. Garczewski, B; Sein Anand, J; Waldman, W; Wiśniewski, M, 2019)	2.87
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a worldwide commonly used painkiller drug. "	( PGC-1β Induces Susceptibility To Acetaminophen-Driven Acute Liver Failure. Arconzo, M; Bellafante, E; Ducheix, S; Ferretta, A; Moschetta, A; Peres, C; Piccinin, E; Vegliante, MC; Villani, G, 2019)	2.24
"Acetaminophen is a common analgesic-antipyretic agent, which is safe in therapeutic doses but in higher doses can produce hepatic necrosis. "	( Hepatoprotective effect of artichoke leaf extracts in comparison with silymarin on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Abdou, AG; Elsayed Elgarawany, G; Maher Taie, D; Motawea, SM, 2020)	2.23
"Acetaminophen (APAP), which is an active ingredient of many analgesic drugs, is one of the contaminants of emerging concern in the environment. "	( Biotransformation of Acetaminophen by intact cells and crude enzymes of bacteria: A comparative study and modelling. Akay, C; Tezel, U, 2020)	2.32
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a proven lethal oral toxicant in reptiles but the physiological mechanism is unknown."	( Lethal methemoglobinemia in the invasive brown treesnake after acetaminophen ingestion. Mathies, T; Mauldin, RE, 2020)	1.52
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used over-the-counter drug for its analgesic and antipyretic effects. "	( Knockdown of Long Noncoding RNAs Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1 Chen, L; Manautou, JE; Wang, P; Zhong, XB, 2020)	2
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic drug, which can cause severe liver injury after an overdose. "	( Mechanisms and pathophysiological significance of sterile inflammation during acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Jaeschke, H; Ramachandran, A, 2020)	2.23
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a common antipyretic and analgesic drug, but its overdose can induce acute liver failure with lack of effective therapies. "	( Hesperetin attenuated acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response via upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression. Chen, Y; He, Z; Jiang, R; Kuang, G; Wan, J; Ye, D; Zhang, L, 2020)	2.32
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a well-known antipyretic and analgesic medicine. "	( Role of cinnamon oil against acetaminophen overdose induced neurological aberrations through brain stress and cytokine upregulation in rat brain. Alam, MI; Alshahrani, S; Ashafaq, M; Hussain, S; Islam, F; Khuwaja, G; Madkhali, O; Siddiqui, R, 2022)	2.46
"Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic for pain management, especially useful in chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. "	( Acetaminophen Oxidation and Inflammatory Markers - A Review of Hepatic Molecular Mechanisms and Preclinical Studies. Barcelos, RP; de Carvalho, NR; Reis, SB; Soares, FAA; Stefanello, ST, 2020)	3.44
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used analgesic."	( Hepatoprotective Activity of Yellow Chinese Chive against Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury via Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Hatanaka, T; Kawakami, K; Moritani, C; Suzaki, E; Tsuboi, S, 2020)	1.52
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a well-known analgesic and antipyretic drug."	( Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside attenuates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomics and multivariate data analysis. Chen, NH; Gao, Y; Li, JT; Li, L; Li, X; Yang, SW; Zhang, L, 2021)	1.61
"Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic that has been detected in many water bodies with few reports concerning its potential toxicity to fish. "	( Acute effects of acetaminophen on the developmental, swimming performance and cardiovascular activities of the African catfish embryos/larvae (Clarias gariepinus). Erhunmwunse, NO; Ezemonye, LI; Tongo, I, 2021)	2.4
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a known hepatotoxin predictably causing intrinsic DILI."	( Boldine treatment protects acetaminophen-induced liver inflammation and acute hepatic necrosis in mice. Ezhilarasan, D; Raghunandhakumar, S, 2021)	1.64
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used pain and fever reliever but is also the most frequent cause of drug-induced liver injury. "	( A Potential Role for SerpinA3N in Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Shin, DJ; Tran, M; Wang, L; Wu, J, 2021)	2.34
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and is safe at therapeutic doses. "	( Impaired protein adduct removal following repeat administration of subtoxic doses of acetaminophen enhances liver injury in fed mice. Akakpo, JY; Ding, WX; Jaeschke, H; Nguyen, NT; Ramachandran, A; Weemhoff, JL, 2021)	2.29
"Acetaminophen is a non-opioid analgesic commonly utilized for pain control after several types of surgical procedures."	( Review of Intravenous Acetaminophen for Analgesia in the Postoperative Setting. Cohn, SM; DiPasquale, A; Segovia, M; Tompkins, DM, 2021)	2.38
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a first choice for relieving mild-to-moderate pain."	( Chronic treatment with acetaminophen protects against liver aging by targeting inflammation and oxidative stress. Alen, R; Boscá, L; Brea, R; Casado, M; Fuertes-Agudo, M; García-Monzón, C; Martín-Sanz, P; Rada, P; Valdecantos, P; Valverde, ÁM, 2021)	1.65
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic, with the potential to cause significant injury when ingested in toxic amounts. "	( Evaluation of Dosing Strategies of N-acetylcysteine for Acetaminophen Toxicity in Patients Greater than 100 Kilograms: Should the Dosage Cap Be Used? Akpunonu, P; Bailey, AM; Baum, RA; Geraghty, L; Howell, MM; Mohan, S; Su, MK; Weant, KA; Webb, AN; Woolum, JA, 2021)	2.31
"Acetaminophen is a common cause of intentional and inadvertent overdoses among children and adolescents worldwide. "	( Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes, Disposition, and Acute Care of Children and Adolescents Treated for Acetaminophen Toxicity. Bostwick, JM; Lewis, CP; Romanowicz, M; Shekunov, J; Vande Voort, JL, 2021)	2.28
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug that is safe and effective in the therapeutic doses, but overdose may cause hepatotoxicity and even acute liver failure (ALF). "	( [Research progress on hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen]. Hu, T; Huang, WQ; Sun, H, 2021)	2.33
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely applied drug for the alleviation of pain and fever, which is also a dose-depedent toxin. "	( The complex roles of neutrophils in APAP-induced liver injury. Chen, S; Guo, H; Xie, M; Zheng, M; Zhou, C, 2021)	2.06
"Acetaminophen is a common medication taken in deliberate self-poisoning and unintentional overdose. "	( Acetaminophen Poisoning. Buckley, NA; Chiew, AL, 2021)	3.51
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic. "	( A review of published cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with the use of acetaminophen. Milosavljević, JZ; Milosavljević, MN; Pejčić, AV, 2021)	2.27
"Acetaminophen is a common cause of poisoning and liver injury worldwide; however, patient stratification is suboptimal. "	( Plasma procalcitonin may be an early predictor of liver injury in acetaminophen poisoning: A prospective cohort study. Deye, N; Diallo, A; Gourlain, H; Goury, A; Malissin, I; Mégarbane, B; Nuzzo, A; Péron, N; Salem, S; Vicaut, E; Voicu, S, 2021)	2.3
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used painkiller, but it can aggravate lipid deposition in the liver and cause liver injury when used in fatty liver disease."	( Caveolin-1 attenuates acetaminophen aggravated lipid accumulation in alcoholic fatty liver by activating mitophagy via the Pink-1/Parkin pathway. Feng, X; Hu, C; Huang, Y; Jiang, W; Shi, C; Wang, J; Wen, J; Xin, J; Xue, W, 2021)	1.66
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely self-prescribed analgesic for mild to moderate pain, but overdose or repeat doses can lead to liver injury and death. "	( Evaluation of KP-1199: a novel acetaminophen analog for hemostatic function and antinociceptive effects. Bunker, KD; Bynum, JA; Cap, AP; Cheppudira, BP; Christy, RJ; Garza, T; Hopkins, CD; Reddoch-Cardenas, KM; Slee, DH, 2021)	2.35
"Acetaminophen is a frequently used adjunct analgesic in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. "	( Comparison of Oral Loading Dose to Intravenous Acetaminophen in Children for Analgesia After Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Aizenberg, DA; Applegate, RL; Funamura, JL; Hall, B; Kriss, RS; Lammers, CR; Nittur, V; Schwinghammer, AJ; Senders, CW, 2021)	2.32
"Oral acetaminophen is a much cheaper and safe option but has not been studied as an adjunct to labor analgesia till date."	( Oral acetaminophen as an adjunct to continuous epidural infusion and patient-controlled epidural analgesia in laboring parturients: a randomized controlled trial. Goel, B; Mitra, S; Panghal, R; Sarna, R; Singh, J, 2021)	1.59
"Acetaminophen is a common antipyretic drug but at overdose can cause severe hepatotoxicity that may further develop into liver failure and hepatic centrilobular necrosis in experimental animals and humans. "	( PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF Abdelrahem, MT; Azim, SAA; Khattab, A; Said, MM, 2017)	1.9
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a common medication that induces hepatocellular damage in a time- or dose-dependent manner. "	( FGF21 functions as a sensitive biomarker of APAP-treated patients and mice. Chen, J; Guo, C; Huang, Z; Li, R; Wu, X, 2017)	1.9
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug, which is safe and effective at the therapeutic dose. "	( Glycyrrhetinic acid prevents acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury via the inhibition of CYP2E1 expression and HMGB1-TLR4 signal activation in mice. Chen, X; Gong, X; Jiang, R; Kuang, G; Li, K; Ma, L; Tie, H; Wan, J; Wang, B; Xie, T; Yang, G; Zhang, L, 2017)	2.19
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely available antipyretic and analgesic; however, overdose of the drug inflicts severe damage to the liver. "	( Glutathione peroxidase 3 is a protective factor against acetaminophen‑induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. Hara, A; Kanno, SI; Tomizawa, A; Yomogida, S, 2017)	2.14
"Acetaminophen is an over-the-counter drug used to treat pain and fever, but it has also been shown to reduce core temperature (T "	( Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Induces Hypothermia During Acute Cold Stress. Foster, J; Govus, A; Hewson, D; Mauger, AR; Taylor, L, 2017)	3.34
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a first-line treatment for mild and moderate pain. "	( Evaluation of a 12-Hour Sustained-Release Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Formulation: A Randomized, 3-Way Crossover Pharmacokinetic and Safety Study in Healthy Volunteers. Collaku, A; Liu, DJ; Yue, Y, 2018)	2.19
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic that can cause hepatotoxicity due to production of toxic metabolites via cytochrome P450 (Cyp) 1a2 and Cyp2e1. "	( Fructose diet alleviates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Chang, EB; Chlipala, G; Cho, S; Green, S; Jeong, H; Lee, H; Tripathi, A, 2017)	2.2
"Acetaminophen toxicity is a leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF). "	( miRNA-122 Protects Mice and Human Hepatocytes from Acetaminophen Toxicity by Regulating Cytochrome P450 Family 1 Subfamily A Member 2 and Family 2 Subfamily E Member 1 Expression. Brüschweiler, R; Bruschweiler-Li, L; Chowdhary, V; Ghoshal, K; James, L; Junge, N; Lee, WM; Lin, CH; Teng, KY; Thakral, S; Wani, N; Yang, D; Zhang, B; Zhang, X, 2017)	2.15
"Acetaminophen is an over-the-counter drug used worldwide to treat pain and reduce fever."	( Is acetaminophen associated with a risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis? Analysis of the French Pharmacovigilance Database. Gras-Champel, V; Guy, C; Jean-Pastor, MJ; Lebrun-Vignes, B; Zenut, M, 2018)	1.82
"Acetaminophen, which is a para-aminophenol derivative, can lead to fatal hepatic necrosis with direct hepatotoxic effects at high doses."	( The effect of sulforaphane on oxidative stress and inflammation in rats with toxic hepatitis induced by acetaminophene. Aktas, MS; Dokumacioglu, A; Dokumacioglu, E; Hanedan, B; Iskender, H; Musmul, A; Sen, TM, 2017)	1.39
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a readily available and safe painkiller. "	( Fast food diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease exerts early protective effect against acetaminophen intoxication in mice. Choi, D; Kim, JY; Kim, TH; Koo, SH; Lee, JH, 2017)	2.12
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug that is safe at therapeutic doses. "	( Kaurenoic acid extracted from Sphagneticola trilobata reduces acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through inhibition of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in mice. Arakawa, NS; Borghi, SM; Bussmann, AJC; Casagrande, R; Fattori, V; Hirooka, EY; Lourenco-Gonzalez, Y; Marcondes-Alves, L; Verri, WA, 2019)	2.2
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used medicine for pain relief and emerging evidence suggests that it may improve endurance exercise performance. "	( Acute acetaminophen ingestion improves performance and muscle activation during maximal intermittent knee extensor exercise. Bailey, SJ; Bowtell, JL; Jones, AM; Morgan, PT; Vanhatalo, A, 2018)	2.4
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is an analgesic and antipyretic agent primarily used in the clinical setting. "	( Extracts from guava fruit protect renal tubular endothelial cells against acetaminophen‑induced cytotoxicity. Lin, SY; Liu, HC; Wei, CW; Wu, TK; Yu, YL, 2018)	2.15
"Acetaminophen seems to be a reasonable first-line option for patients with acute LBP in Japan."	( Randomized open-label [corrected] non-inferiority trial of acetaminophen or loxoprofen for patients with acute low back pain. Arai, YC; Hayashi, K; Ikemoto, T; Miki, K; Sekiguchi, M; Shi, K; Ushida, T, 2018)	1.45
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug. "	( Autophagy and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Shan, S; Shen, Z; Song, F, 2018)	2.28
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a well-known analgesic, deemed a very safe over-the-counter medication. "	( Absolute quantitation of acetaminophen-modified human serum albumin in acute liver failure patients by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Geib, T; Karvellas, CJ; LeBlanc, A; Leslie, EM; Roy, R; Shiao, TC; Sleno, L, 2018)	2.23
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a worldwide used drug for treating fever and pain. "	( Ginsenoside Rg1 protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury via activating Nrf2 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Gao, X; Huo, X; Kong, Y; Liu, K; Liu, Z; Ma, X; Meng, Q; Ning, C; Sun, H; Sun, P; Wang, C, 2018)	2.2
"Acetaminophen is a common cause of acute liver failure in pediatrics. "	( A case report of full recovery from severe cerebral edema secondary to acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in a 13 year old girl. Austin, EB; Crouse, BA; Hobbs, H; Lobos, AT, 2018)	2.16
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a well-known antipyretic and analgesic drug. "	( Astragaloside IV Attenuates Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injuries in Mice by Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Ding, Y; Huang, W; Ji, L; Li, L; Liu, C; Sun, K; Tumen, B; Wang, S; Zhang, L; Zhang, W, 2018)	2.22
"Acetaminophen is a mild analgesic and antipyretic agent, which can cause centrilobular hepatic necrosis in toxic doses, whereas alcohol causes death due to liver diseases."	( Pharmacokinetic changes of tramadol in rats with hepatotoxicity induced by ethanol and acetaminophen in perfused rat liver model. Ardakani, YH; Esmaeili, Z; Ghazi-Khansari, M; Hassanzadeh, G; Lavasani, H; Mohammadi, S; Nezami, A; Rouini, MR, 2019)	1.46
"Acetaminophen is a safe antipyretic against FSs and has the potential to prevent FS recurrence during the same fever episode."	( Acetaminophen and Febrile Seizure Recurrences During the Same Fever Episode. Inoue, K; Kashiwagi, M; Murata, S; Nomura, S; Oba, C; Ogino, M; Okasora, K; Shirasu, A; Syabana, K; Tamai, H; Tanabe, T; Yamazaki, S, 2018)	3.37
"Acetaminophen, APAP, is a common over-the-counter drug with antipyretic-analgesic action. "	( Protective effect of cinnamon against acetaminophen-mediated cellular damage and apoptosis in renal tissue. Abdeen, A; Abdel-Daim, M; Abdelkader, A; Abdo, M; Aboubakr, M; Aleya, L; Wareth, G, 2019)	2.23
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug that leads to severe hepatotoxicity at excessive doses. "	( Fucoidan Alleviates Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity via Oxidative Stress Inhibition and Nrf2 Translocation. Gu, JG; Tu, MJ; Wang, YQ; Wei, JG; Zhang, W, 2018)	2.25
"Acetaminophen is a widely used medication for fever and pain management during pregnancy. "	( Association of maternal prenatal acetaminophen use with the risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring: A meta-analysis. Gou, X; Mu, D; Qu, Y; Shi, J; Tang, J; Tang, Y; Wang, Y; Xiao, D, 2019)	2.24
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used analgesic responsible for more than half of acute liver failure cases. "	( Identification of Novel Regulatory Genes in APAP Induced Hepatocyte Toxicity by a Genome-Wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screen. Friesen, CA; Heruth, DP; Li, DY; Qi, LS; Shortt, K; Singh, S; Wu, W; Wyckoff, GJ; Ye, SQ; Zhang, LQ; Zhang, N, 2019)	1.96
"Acetaminophen co-exposure is a novel independent risk factor for the occurrence of MALA that deserves further investigation."	( Incidence and risk factors for hyperlactatemia in ED patients with acute metformin overdose. Hoffman, RS; Manini, AF; Taub, ES, 2019)	1.24
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a widely used analgesic-antipyretic drug that causes hepatotoxicity at higher than the effective doses."	( Marine macro-algae attenuates nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin and acetaminophen in rats. Ehteshamul-Haque, S; Hira, K; Sohail, N; Sultana, V; Tariq, A, 2019)	1.46
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used over-the-counter drug for antipyretic and analgesic, but an overdose will induce acute liver injury. "	( Geniposide protected hepatocytes from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by down-regulating CYP 2E1 expression and inhibiting TLR 4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Gong, X; Jiang, R; Kuang, G; Wan, J; Wang, Y; Wu, S; Xiong, L; Xu, F; Yang, S; Zeng, T, 2019)	2.23
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a highly effective analgesic, which is safe at therapeutic doses. "	( Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: A mitochondrial perspective. Jaeschke, H; Ramachandran, A, 2019)	3.4
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a clinically popular analgesic and antipyretic drug, but excessive APAP can cause fatal hepatotoxicity. "	( Effects of Photoperiod on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Cai, J; Cheng, Y; Fan, C; Gao, H; Lin, T; Lu, J; Pu, D; Sun, Y; Wan, Z; Wang, H; Zhang, R, 2020)	2.3
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is an antipyretic and analgesic, which is commonly associated with drug-induced hepatic injury. "	( Acetaminophen-induced hepatocyte injury: C2-ceramide and oltipraz intervention, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 and glutathione S-transferase A1 changes. Chang, Y; Hao, B; Li, C; Li, R; Li, Y; Liu, F; Ma, X; Muhammad, I; Shi, C; Wang, F; Yang, Y; Zhang, Y, 2019)	3.4
"Acetaminophen overdose is a major concern among the pediatric population. "	( Validation of ICD-9-CM codes for identification of acetaminophen-related emergency department visits in a large pediatric hospital. de Achaval, S; Feudtner, C; Palla, S; Suarez-Almazor, ME, 2013)	2.08
"Acetaminophen is a frequently prescribed over-the-counter drug to reduce fever and pain in the event of inflammatory process. "	( Acetaminophen prevents oxidative burst and delays apoptosis in human neutrophils. Carvalho, F; Costa, VM; Couto, D; Fernandes, E; Freitas, M; Porto, G; Ribeiro, D, 2013)	3.28
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is an analgesic and antipyretic agent. "	( The effects of N-acetylcysteine and ozone therapy on oxidative stress and inflammation in acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity model. Agilli, M; Alp, BF; Aydin, FN; Aydin, I; Cayci, T; Macit, E; Ozcan, A; Ozkan, E; Oztosun, M; Taslipinar, MY; Toygar, M; Ucar, F, 2013)	2.05
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is an antipyretic analgesic drug that when taken in overdose causes depletion of glutathione (GSH) and hepatotoxicity. "	( Therapeutic effect of liposomal-N-acetylcysteine against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Alipour, M; Buonocore, C; Omri, A; Pucaj, K; Suntres, ZE; Szabo, M, 2013)	2.08
"Acetaminophen toxicity is a common cause of AFHF; this combination has a strong association with cerebral edema. "	( Acute fulminant hepatic failure, encephalopathy and early CT changes. Al-Amri, A; Das, S; Gulka, I; Thayapararajah, SW; Young, GB, 2013)	1.83
"Acetaminophen intoxication is a leading cause of acute liver failure. "	( Efficacy of adipose tissue-mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in rats with acetaminophen liver injury. Barbagallo, I; Li Volti, G; Piazza, C; Puzzo, L; Salomone, F, 2013)	2.06
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic. "	( Circulating acylcarnitines as biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction after acetaminophen overdose in mice and humans. Curry, SC; Jaeschke, H; Li, F; Ma, X; McGill, MR; Sharpe, MR; Williams, CD, 2014)	2.07
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a commonly used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic and has previously been shown to improve exercise performance through a reduction in perceived pain. "	( Acute acetaminophen (paracetamol) ingestion improves time to exhaustion during exercise in the heat. Castle, PC; Foster, J; Harding, C; Mauger, AR; Taylor, L; Wright, B, 2014)	2.33
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic drug that can cause acute liver injury in overdose situations."	( Metabolomics evaluation of the effects of green tea extract on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Beger, RD; Greenhaw, J; Lu, Y; Petrova, K; Salminen, WF; Schnackenberg, LK; Sun, J; Yang, X, 2013)	1.35
"Acetaminophen is a leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF). "	( Candidate gene polymorphisms in patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Court, MH; Greenblatt, DJ; Hazarika, S; Lee, WM; Peter, I; Vasiadi, M, 2014)	2.1
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a substance that harms human health by stimulating free radical production. "	( Abrogation by Trifolium alexandrinum root extract on hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen in rats. Aziz, AT; Rehman, H; Saggu, S; Sakeran, MI; Zidan, N, 2014)	2.07
"Acetaminophen is a common analgesic and antipyretic compound which, when administered in high doses, has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality, secondary to hepatic toxicity. "	( Baccharis trimera improves the antioxidant defense system and inhibits iNOS and NADPH oxidase expression in a rat model of inflammation. Araujo, CM; Bianco de Souza, GH; Chaves, MM; Costa, DC; Cruz Padua, Bd; de Brito Magalhaes, CL; Pedrosa, ML; Rossoni Junior, JV; Seiberf, JB; Silva, ME, 2013)	1.83
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used over-the-counter analgesic and overdose of acetaminophen was the most frequent cause of acute liver failure."	( Inhibitory effects of Schisandra chinensis on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Bai, Y; Wang, J; Wang, KP; Zhang, JZ, 2014)	1.38
"Acetaminophen is a commonly-used analgesic in the US and, at doses of more than 4 g/day, can lead to serious hepatotoxicity. "	( A perspective on the epidemiology of acetaminophen exposure and toxicity in the United States. Ben-Joseph, R; Blieden, M; Paramore, LC; Shah, D, 2014)	2.12
"Acetaminophen (APAP), is a safe analgesic and antipyretic drug at therapeutic dose, and is widely used in the clinic. "	( Dual role of acetaminophen in promoting hepatoma cell apoptosis and kidney fibroblast proliferation. Chang, WJ; Chou, PL; Hung, YT; Lin, PS; Lin, SY; Liu, HC; Tseng, HH; Wei, CW; Wu, TK; Yiang, GT; Yu, YL, 2014)	2.21
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used antipyretic agent, which in high doses, causes uremia and used for experimentally induction of kidney disease."	( Therapeutic potential of different commercially available synbiotic on acetaminophen-induced uremic rats. Das, K; Mahapatra, SD; Mahapatra, TD; Mandal, A; Mandal, S; Mondal, KC; Nandi, DK; Patra, A; Paul, T; Roy, S, 2015)	1.37
"Acetaminophen Psi Nomogram is a sensitive and specific tool for prediction of hepatotoxicity secondary to acute acetaminophen overdose. "	( Acetaminophen Psi Nomogram: a sensitive and specific clinical tool to predict hepatotoxicity secondary to acute acetaminophen overdose. Chomchai, C; Chomchai, S; Lawattanatrakul, N, 2014)	3.29
"Acetaminophen is an old drug that is now available in an intravenous formulation."	( OFIRMEV: an old drug becomes new again. Nishimoto, RN, 2014)	1.12
"Oral acetaminophen is an alternative to PDA therapy in preterm infants when indomethacin/ibuprofen is not effective or is contraindicated, and it may be considered before surgical ligation."	( Acetaminophen for patent ductus arteriosus. Gales, BJ; Gales, MA; Le, J, 2015)	2.37
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic. "	( Protective effect of Baccharis trimera extract on acute hepatic injury in a model of inflammation induced by acetaminophen. Brandão, GC; Chaves, MM; Costa, DC; de Souza, GH; Lima, WG; Magalhães, CL; Pádua, Bda C; Pedrosa, ML; Rodrigues, IV; Rossoni Júnior, JV; Silva, ME, 2014)	2.06
"Acetaminophen is a commonly prescribed and over-the-count used drug, and is considered to be the preferred treatment choice for anticoagulated patients requiring analgesic drug therapy. "	( How safe is acetaminophen use in patients treated with vitamin K antagonists? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Barra, M; Caldeira, D; Costa, J; Ferreira, JJ; Pinto, FJ, 2015)	2.24
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic, but an acute or cumulative overdose of acetaminophen can cause severe hepatic failure."	( Bee venom phospholipase A2 protects against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by modulating regulatory T cells and IL-10 in mice. Bae, H; Chung, HS; Keum, DJ; Kim, H; Kwak, Jw, 2014)	1.38
"Acetaminophen is an accelerator of the reaction in the glucose oxidase peroxidase method and does not displace bilirubin from human serum albumin."	( Evaluation of bilirubin displacement effect by acetaminophen in vitro. Itoh, S; Kusaka, T; Okada, H; Sugino, M, 2015)	2.12
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used medication to manage fever and pain in children and the drug is generally considered to be safe when used at appropriate therapeutic dosages. "	( Severe intrinsic acute kidney injury associated with therapeutic doses of acetaminophen. Aizawa, T; Hirono, K; Ito, E; Ito, T; Joh, K; Tanaka, H; Tsuruga, K; Watanabe, S, 2015)	2.09
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used and effective analgesic/antipyretic agent and relatively safe drug even in long-term treatment."	( [Investigation of Predisposition Biomarkers to Identify Risk Factors for Drug-induced Liver Injury in Humans: Analyses of Endogenous Metabolites in an Animal Model Mimicking Human Responders to APAP-induced Hepatotoxicity]. Kobayashi, A; Kondo, K; Sugai, S, 2015)	1.14
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic drug that can cause acute liver injury in overdose situations."	( Apocynum venetum Attenuates Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Chen, C; Jiang, Z; Melzig, MF; Wang, J; Xie, W; Zhang, X, 2015)	1.43
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used analgesic drug that can cause liver injury, liver necrosis and liver failure. "	( Translational biomarkers of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. Beger, RD; Bhattacharyya, S; Gill, PS; James, LP; Schnackenberg, LK; Sun, J; Yang, X, 2015)	2.15
"Acetaminophen is a nonsteroidal, nonsalicylate analgesic and antipyretic that is, today, the most common medication ingredient found in oral and rectal over-the-counter and prescription drugs. "	( Acetaminophen by infusion. Turkoski, BB, )	3.02
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a widely used nonopioid, non-NSAID analgesic that is effective against a variety of pain types, but the consequences of overdose can be severe. "	( Acetaminophen (paracetamol) oral absorption and clinical influences. Decker, JF; Patrick, JT; Pergolizzi, JV; Raffa, RB; Taylor, R, 2014)	3.29
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used pediatric medication that has recently been approved for intravenous use in the United States. "	( Intravenous acetaminophen use in pediatrics. Shastri, N, 2015)	2.24
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug. "	( Acetaminophen induces JNK/p38 signaling and activates the caspase-9-3-dependent cell death pathway in human mesenchymal stem cells. Chang, WJ; Chen, JN; Lin, KT; Wei, CW; Yiang, GT; Yu, YL, 2015)	3.3
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a readily available over-the-counter drug and is one of the most commonly used analgesics/antipyretics worldwide. "	( Interindividual variation in gene expression responses and metabolite formation in acetaminophen-exposed primary human hepatocytes. Claessen, SM; Coonen, ML; Jetten, MJ; Kleinjans, JC; Lommen, A; Peijnenburg, AA; Ruiz-Aracama, A; van Delft, JH; van Herwijnen, MH, 2016)	2.1
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a well-tolerated analgesic and antipyretic drug when used at therapeutic doses. "	( Alpha-lipoic acid treatment of acetaminophen-induced rat liver damage. Mahmoud, AA; Mahmoud, YI; Nassar, G, 2015)	2.15
"Acetaminophen is a safe alternative in children with hypersensitivity to NSAIDs."	( [Hypersensitivity reactions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and tolerance to alternative drugs]. Calvo Campoverde, K; Giner-Muñoz, MT; Lozano Blasco, J; Machinena, A; Martínez Valdez, L; Plaza, AM; Rojas Volquez, M, 2016)	1.16
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is an effective antipyretic and one of the most commonly used analgesic drugs. "	( TRPA1 mediates the hypothermic action of acetaminophen. Andersson, DA; Bevan, S; Gentry, C, 2015)	2.13
"Acetaminophen is a widespread and commonly used painkiller all over the world. "	( Timescale analysis of a mathematical model of acetaminophen metabolism and toxicity. Reddyhoff, D; Regan, S; Ward, J; Webb, S; Williams, D, 2015)	2.12
"Acetaminophen is a preferred option for pain management during pregnancy when compared with other medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or opioids for pyretic or pain relief."	( Association Between Prenatal Acetaminophen Exposure and Future Risk of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children. Erramouspe, J; Hayes, VA; Hoover, RM, 2015)	1.43
"Acetaminophen is a common therapy for fever in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) who have probable infection, but its effects are unknown."	( Acetaminophen for Fever in Critically Ill Patients with Suspected Infection. Beasley, R; Bellomo, R; Freebairn, R; Hammond, N; Henderson, S; Holliday, M; Mackle, D; McArthur, C; McGuinness, S; Myburgh, J; Saxena, M; van Haren, F; Weatherall, M; Webb, S; Young, P, 2015)	3.3
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used drug that induces serious hepatotoxicity when overdosed, leading to increased levels of serum aminotransferases. "	( Acetaminophen-induced liver injury: Implications for temporal homeostasis of lipid metabolism and eicosanoid signaling pathway. Azghadi, SM; Gruia, AT; Mic, AA; Mic, FA; Nica, DV; Suciu, M, 2015)	3.3
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic that can cause severe hepatotoxicity in overdose. "	( Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice: Effect of age, frailty and exposure type. Cogger, V; de Cabo, R; Hilmer, SN; Huizer-Pajkos, A; Jones, B; Kane, AE; Le Couteur, DG; Mach, J; McKenzie, C; Mitchell, SJ, 2016)	3.32
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic/antipyretic; overdoses can lead to liver damage. "	( Relation of Health Literacy to Exceeding the Labeled Maximum Daily Dose of Acetaminophen. Battista, DR; Kaufman, DW; Kelly, JP; Malone, MK; Shiffman, S; Weinstein, RB, 2016)	2.11
"Acetaminophen (APAP) elixir is a widely used pediatric antipyretic medication. "	( Are Recommended Doses of Acetaminophen Effective for Children Aged 2 to 3 Years? A Pharmacokinetic Modeling Answer. Abourbih, DA; Gosselin, S; Kazim, S; Villeneuve, E, 2016)	2.18
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug. "	( Detecting mRNA Predictors of Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mouse Blood Using Quantitative Real-Time PCR. Kanno, S; Tomizawa, A; Yomogida, S, 2016)	2.17
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a mainstay for pain management worldwide. "	( The Use of Intravenous Acetaminophen for Acute Pain in the Emergency Department. Motov, SM; Sin, B; Tatunchak, T; Wai, M, 2016)	2.19
"Acetaminophen is known to be a relatively weak analgesic with fewer side effects than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). "	( Comparison of the analgesic effect of intravenous acetaminophen with that of flurbiprofen axetil on post-breast surgery pain: a randomized controlled trial. Hara, M; Miyamoto, C; Nonaka, T; Sugita, M; Yamamoto, T, 2016)	2.13
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a well-known analgesic and antipyretic drug. "	( Acetaminophen from liver to brain: New insights into drug pharmacological action and toxicity. Ghanem, CI; Manautou, JE; Mottino, AD; Pérez, MJ, 2016)	3.32
"Acetaminophen is a pharmaceutical, frequently found in surface water as a contaminant. "	( LC-MS/MS method development for quantitative analysis of acetaminophen uptake by the aquatic fungus Mucor hiemalis. Balsano, E; Esterhuizen-Londt, M; Kühn, S; Pflugmacher, S; Schwartz, K, 2016)	2.12
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is an analgesic and antipyretic agent commonly known agent to cause hepatic and renal toxicity at a higher dose. "	( Ameliorative effect of naringin in acetaminophen-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in laboratory rats: role of FXR and KIM-1. Adil, M; Bodhankar, SL; Ghosh, P; Kandhare, AD; Raygude, KS; Venkata, S, 2016)	2.15
"Acetaminophen (ACT) is a mild analgesic commonly used for relief of fever, headache and some minor pains. "	( Degradations of acetaminophen via a K2S2O8-doped TiO2 photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. Aranzamendez, GL; de Luna, MDG; Lin, JC; Lu, MC, 2016)	2.22
"Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic agent, which is safe at therapeutic doses. "	( Role of nicotinamide (vitamin B3) in acetaminophen-induced changes in rat liver: Nicotinamide effect in acetaminophen-damged liver. Mahmoud, AA; Mahmoud, YI, 2016)	2.15
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug. "	( Acetaminophen Increases Aldosterone Secretion While Suppressing Cortisol and Androgens: A Possible Link to Increased Risk of Hypertension. Ohlsson Andersson, Å; Oskarsson, A; Ullerås, E, 2016)	3.32
"Acetaminophen is a medication commonly used in multiple different drug formulations, many of which are available without a prescription."	( Acetaminophen Use: An Unusual Cause of Drug-Induced Pulmonary Eosinophilia. Moran-Mendoza, O; Saint-Pierre, MD, 2016)	2.6
"Acetaminophen overdose is a leading cause of drug-induced liver failure in the United States. "	( Detection of Acetaminophen-Protein Adducts in Decedents with Suspected Opioid-Acetaminophen Combination Product Overdose. Andrenyak, DM; Curry, SC; Grey, TC; McGill, LD; Rollins, DE; Thomas, KC; Wilkins, DG, 2016)	2.25
"Acetaminophen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used as an antipyretic agent for the alternative to aspirin. "	( Electrochemical properties of the acetaminophen on the screen printed carbon electrode towards the high performance practical sensor applications. Chen, SM; Karikalan, N; Karthik, R; Karuppiah, C; Velmurugan, M, 2016)	2.16
"Acetaminophen toxicity is a common cause of pediatric liver failure. "	( Serum Acetaminophen Protein Adduct Concentrations in Pediatric Emergency Department Patients. Anderson, V; Dart, RC; Green, JL; Heard, K; Kile, D; Lavonas, EJ, 2017)	2.38
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is an antipyretic and analgesic drug that, in high doses, leads to severe liver injury and potentially death. "	( Lycopene pretreatment improves hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen in C57BL/6 mice. Bandeira, ACB; Bezerra, FS; Cangussú, SD; Costa, DC; da Silva, RC; Figueiredo, VP; Rossoni, JV; Talvani, A, 2017)	2.14
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic drug that is frequently co-administered with caffeine (CAF) in the treatment of pain. "	( Multiscale modeling reveals inhibitory and stimulatory effects of caffeine on acetaminophen-induced toxicity in humans. Baier, V; Blank, LM; Cordes, H; Kuepfer, L; Thiel, C, 2017)	2.13
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a conventional drug widely used in the clinic because of its antipyretic-analgesic effects. "	( Astaxanthin pretreatment attenuates acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Bi, J; Deng, Y; Gu, J; Liu, C; Zhang, J; Zhang, S, 2017)	2.17
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a leading cause of fatal overdose. "	( Evaluation of a urine screen for acetaminophen. Bosse, GN; Ingram, DN; Jortani, S; Womack, EP, 2008)	2.07
"Acetaminophen is an analgesic and antipyretic drug believed to exert its effect through interruption of nociceptive processing. "	( Acetaminophen prevents hyperalgesia in central pain cascade. Crawley, B; Fitzsimmons, B; Hua, XY; Malkmus, S; Saito, O; Yaksh, TL, 2008)	3.23
"Acetaminophen is an OTC medication and amongst the most used pain relievers. "	( [Accidental acetaminophen overdose]. Hamwi, I; Picksak, G; Stichtenoth, DO, 2008)	2.17
"Acetaminophen (AAP) is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic drug; however, when used in high doses, it causes fulminant hepatic necrosis in both humans and experimental animals. "	( Synergistic action of sodium selenite and N-acetylcysteine in acetaminophen-induced liver damage. Bilgili, A; Eraslan, G; Onbasilar, I; Ozdemir, M; Yalçin, S, 2008)	2.03
"Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic antipyretic agent. "	( Acetaminophen bioactivation by human cytochrome P450 enzymes and animal microsomes. Auriola, S; Juvonen, RO; Laine, JE; Pasanen, M, 2009)	3.24
"Acetaminophen (AA) is a widely used antipyretic drug that causes hepatotoxicity at high doses. "	( Altered disposition of acetaminophen in Nrf2-null and Keap1-knockdown mice. Aleksunes, LM; Csanaky, IL; Klaassen, CD; Reisman, SA, 2009)	2.11
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used drug for the treatment of patients with common cold and influenza. "	( Phyllanthus urinaria extract attenuates acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity: involvement of cytochrome P450 CYP2E1. Chan, AK; Chan, AS; Cheng, CH; Cheng, GY; Chui, CH; Fong, DW; Gambari, R; Hau, DK; Kan, CW; Kok, SH; Lai, PB; Lau, FY; Leung, AK; Tang, JC; Tong, CS; Wong, RS; Wong, WY; Yuen, MC; Zhu, GY, 2009)	2.06
"Acetaminophen is a dose dependent hepatotoxin which is frequently associated with intentional self-harm. "	( Acetaminophen overdose in Jamaica. Lee, MG; Mills, MO, 2008)	3.23
"Acetaminophen is an analgesic drug that is frequently used in suicide attempts. "	( Severe acetaminophen poisoning treated with a fractionated plasma separation and absorption system: A case report. Güvenç, B; Murt, M; Rana Alpay, N; Satar, S; Sebe, A, 2009)	2.25
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic drug, and is mainly biotransformed and eliminated as nontoxic conjugates with glucuronic acid and sulfuric acid."	( [Dosing time based on molecular mechanism of biological clock of hepatic drug metabolic enzyme]. Matsunaga, N, 2009)	1.07
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used over the counter therapeutic that is known to be effective and safe at therapeutic doses."	( The role of damage associated molecular pattern molecules in acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Holt, MP; Ju, C; Martin-Murphy, BV, 2010)	1.32
"Acetaminophen (AP) is a widely used, cheap, and over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. "	( Repeated preexposure or coexposure to arsenic differentially alters acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress in rat kidney. Manimaran, A; Sankar, P; Sarkar, SN, 2011)	2.05
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug and is safe at therapeutic doses but its overdose frequently causes liver injury. "	( Arjunolic acid, a triterpenoid saponin, prevents acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver and hepatocyte injury via the inhibition of APAP bioactivation and JNK-mediated mitochondrial protection. Das, J; Ghosh, J; Manna, P; Sil, PC, 2010)	2.06
"Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic that can cause acute liver failure when consumed above a maximum daily dose. "	( Acetaminophen toxicity with concomitant use of carbamazepine. Ahmed, SN; Heino, A; Jickling, G, 2009)	3.24
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic agent. "	( Gap junction dysfunction reduces acetaminophen hepatotoxicity with impact on apoptotic signaling and connexin 43 protein induction in rat. Asamoto, M; Naiki, T; Naiki-Ito, A; Ogawa, K; Sato, S; Shirai, T; Takahashi, S, 2010)	2.08
"Acetaminophen is an old and comfortable friend. "	( Acetaminophen: old friend--new rules. Turkoski, BB, )	3.02
"Acetaminophen is a dose-dependent toxin. "	( Acetaminophen dose does not predict outcome in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Gregory, B; Larson, AM; Lee, WM; Reisch, J, 2010)	3.25
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic and has been shown to be a main cause of drug-induced liver failure. "	( Late extensive intravenous administration of N-acetylcysteine can reverse hepatic failure in acetaminophen overdose. Mehrpour, O; Sanaei-Zadeh, H; Shadnia, S, 2011)	2.03
"Acetaminophen poisoning is a common clinical problem, and early identification of patients with more severe poisoning is key to improving outcomes."	( Association between gastrointestinal manifestations following acetaminophen poisoning and outcome in 291 acetaminophen poisoning patients. Al-Jabi, SW; Awang, R; Sulaiman, SA; Zyoud, SH, 2010)	2.04
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is an analgesic-antipyretic drug widely used in children. "	( Heat shock protein 70 induction and its urinary excretion in a model of acetaminophen nephrotoxicity. Molinas, SM; Monasterolo, LA; Pagotto, MA; Pisani, GB; Rosso, M; Trumper, L; Wayllace, NZ, 2010)	2.04
"Acetaminophen overdose is a well known cause of liver function disorder and even hepatic failure. "	( [Severe metabolic acidosis as a result of 5-oxoproline in acetaminophen use]. Holman, M; ter Maaten, JC, 2010)	2.05
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a safe and effective analgesic and antipyretic when used at therapeutic levels. "	( Effects of sesame oil against after the onset of acetaminophen-induced acute hepatic injury in rats. Chandrasekaran, VR; Chang, YC; Chien, SP; Hsu, DZ; Liu, MY, )	1.83
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a widely used drug and known as a safety antipyretic and analgesic drug in childhood. "	( A case of acetaminophen (paracetamol) causing renal failure without liver damage in a child and review of literature. Bek, K; Genc, G; Ozkaya, O; Sullu, Y, 2010)	2.21
"Acetaminophen is a leading cause of overdose-related hepatotoxicity. "	( Intravenous acetylcysteine for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. Doyon, S; Klein-Schwartz, W, 2011)	2.07
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a familiar agent for treating many types of pain, including postsurgical pain."	( Continuous multimechanistic postoperative analgesia: a rationale for transitioning from intravenous acetaminophen and opioids to oral formulations. Labhsetwar, SA; Pergolizzi, JV; Raffa, RB; Tallarida, R; Taylor, R, 2012)	1.32
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic agent which, at high doses, causes liver and kidney necrosis in man and animals."	( Evaluation of phytoconstituents and anti-nephrotoxic and antioxidant activities of Monochoria vaginalis. Kumar, BS; Kumar, RP; Palani, S; Raja, S; Selvaraj, R, 2011)	1.09
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic drug, and is frequently used to study gastric emptying. "	( The effect of the once-daily human glucagon-like peptide 1 analog liraglutide on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen. Flint, A; Hindsberger, C; Kapitza, C; Zdravkovic, M, 2011)	2.03
"Acetaminophen injection is an antipyretic and analgesic agent recently marketed in the United States as Ofirmev. "	( Acetaminophen injection: a review of clinical information. Jones, VM, 2011)	3.25
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a widely used over-the-counter drug, but concerns of genotoxic effects have been raised. "	( Cancer risk associated with long-term use of acetaminophen in the prospective VITamins and lifestyle (VITAL) study. Brasky, TM; Walter, RB; White, E, 2011)	2.07
"As acetaminophen (APAP) is a well-known hepatotoxin, we investigated the effect of the aqueous extract of the T. "	( Tournefortia sarmentosa extract attenuates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Hsu, WH; Huang, HI; Kuo, WH; Lai, YL; Teng, CY; Yang, CC, 2012)	1.26
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug, but at high dose it leads to undesirable side effects, such as hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. "	( Hesperidin alleviates acetaminophen induced toxicity in Wistar rats by abrogation of oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. Ahmad, ST; Ali, N; Arjumand, W; Nafees, S; Rashid, S; Seth, A; Sultana, S, 2012)	2.14
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used medication in pregnancy and is considered safe. "	( Unintentional chronic acetaminophen poisoning during pregnancy resulting in liver transplantation. Minns, AB; Thornton, SL, 2012)	2.14
"Acetaminophen is a widely used drug worldwide and is one of the most frequently detected in bodies of water making it a high priority trace pollutant. "	( Acetaminophen degradation by electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton using a double cathode electrochemical cell. de Luna, MD; Lu, MC; Su, CC; Veciana, ML, 2012)	3.26
"Acetaminophen injection is an antipyretic and analgesic agent recently marketed in the United States as Ofirmev. "	( Acetaminophen injection: a review of clinical information including forms not available in the United States. Beckwith, MC; Fox, ER; Jones, VM, 2012)	3.26
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a safe analgesic and antipyretic drug. "	( Chemokines and mitochondrial products activate neutrophils to amplify organ injury during mouse acute liver failure. Amaral, SS; Avila, TV; Cara, DC; De Paula, AM; Leite, MF; Lima, BH; Lima, CX; Lopes, GA; Marques, PE; Melgaço, JG; Menezes, GB; Nogueira, LL; Oliveira, AG; Pinto, MA; Pires, DA; Russo, RC; Soriani, FM; Teixeira, MM, 2012)	1.82
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used nonsteroidal analgesic because it is considered safe. "	( [Study of the serum concentrations of acetaminophen overdose]. Hosoya, J; Iseki, K; Shiraishi, T; Suzuki, T; Takahashi, N; Tominaga, A; Toyoguchi, T, 2012)	2.09
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug. "	( Quantitative analysis of acetaminophen and its six metabolites in rat plasma using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. An, JH; Jung, BH; Lee, HJ, 2012)	2.13
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used antipyretic agent which, at high doses, causes renal tubular damage and uremia. "	( In vivo assessment of bacteriotherapy on acetaminophen-induced uremic rats. Das, K; Mandal, A; Mondal, KCh; Nandi, DK; Roy, S, )	1.84
"Acetaminophen is an analgesic drug that is used safely in therapeutic doses. "	( The effect of different doses of flumazenil on acetaminophen toxicity in rats. Aksu, R; Bicer, C; Boyaci, A; Bozogluer, E; Madenoglu, H; Yazici, C, 2012)	2.08
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic; excessive doses can lead to liver damage. "	( Prevalence and correlates of exceeding the labeled maximum dose of acetaminophen among adults in a U.S.-based internet survey. Kaufman, DW; Kelly, JP; Malone, MK; Rohay, JM; Shiffman, S; Weinstein, RB, 2012)	2.06
"Acetaminophen is a widely prescribed drug used to relieve pain and fever; however, it is a leading cause of drug-induced liver injury and a burden on public healthcare. "	( Identification of early biomarkers during acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Chandrasekar, B; Deobagkar-Lele, M; Gautam, R; Kumar B N, V; Nandi, D; Rakshit, S; Umapathy, S, 2012)	2.09
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used and effective analgesic and antipyretic agent. "	( Enhancement of acetaminophen-induced chronic hepatotoxicity in restricted fed rats: a nonclinical approach to acetaminophen-induced chronic hepatotoxicity in susceptible patients. Hashimoto, T; Kobayashi, A; Kondo, K; Kuno, H; Shoda, T; Sugai, S; Suzuki, Y; Takahashi, A; Toyoda, K; Yamada, N, 2012)	2.17
"Acetaminophen is a safe antipyretic and analgesic drug within the clinically recommended dosage range, but overdose can cause fatal liver and or kidney damage. "	( Effect of acetaminophen on the progression of renal damage in adenine induced renal failure model rats. Arimizu, K; Chuang, VT; Hirata, S; Irie, T; Ishitsuka, Y; Kadowaki, D; Kitamura, K; Maruyama, T; Narita, Y; Otagiri, M; Sumikawa, S; Taguchi, K, 2012)	2.22
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a widely used analgesic, but its sites and mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood. "	( Antinociception by systemically-administered acetaminophen (paracetamol) involves spinal serotonin 5-HT7 and adenosine A1 receptors, as well as peripheral adenosine A1 receptors. Liu, J; Reid, AR; Sawynok, J, 2013)	2.09
"Acetaminophen is a widely used medication for the treatment of pain and fever in children and pregnant women. "	( Acetaminophen and asthma. Henderson, AJ; Shaheen, SO, 2013)	3.28
"Acetaminophen overdose is a common reason for hospital admission and the most frequent cause of hepatotoxicity in the Western world. "	( Mechanistic biomarkers provide early and sensitive detection of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury at first presentation to hospital. Antoine, DJ; Bateman, DN; Coyle, J; Dear, JW; Goldring, CE; Gray, AJ; Lewis, PS; Masson, M; Moggs, JG; Park, BK; Platt, V; Thanacoody, RH; Webb, DJ, 2013)	2.07
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a widely prescribed analgesic-antipyretic drug. "	( Acetaminophen (paracetamol)-induced anaphylactic shock. Bachmeyer, C; Blay, F; Habki, R; Leynadier, F; Vermeulen, C, 2002)	3.2
"Acetaminophen is a common antipyretic-analgesic drug usually administered orally any time of the day. "	( Chronopharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in healthy human volunteers. Chuhwak, PD; Kolawole, JA; Okeniyi, SO, )	1.87
"Acetaminophen (AA) is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic drug; however, when used in high doses, it causes fulminant hepatic necrosis and nephrotoxic effects in both humans and experimental animals. "	( Protective effects of melatonin, vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine against acetaminophen toxicity in mice: a comparative study. Ayanoğlu-Dülger, G; Sehirli, AO; Sener, G, 2003)	1.99
"Acetaminophen is a weak inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX), and its combination with an NSAID may augment COX inhibition-related side effects."	( Propacetamol augments inhibition of platelet function by diclofenac in volunteers. Munsterhjelm, E; Niemi, TT; Rosenberg, PH; Syrjälä, MT; Ylikorkala, O, 2003)	1.04
"Acetaminophen is an over-the-counter analgesic/antipyretic agent widely used in primary dysmenorrhoea as monotherapy or in combination."	( Is acetaminophen, and its combination with pamabrom, an effective therapeutic option in primary dysmenorrhoea? De Los Santos, AR; Di Girolamo, G; González, CD; Sánchez, AJ, 2004)	1.67
"Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic, and recent studies have shown that it has some benefits in the ischemic heart. "	( Acetaminophen and experimental acute myocardial infarction. Hale, SL; Kloner, RA, 2004)	3.21
"Acetaminophen acts as a competitive inhibitor at 27 degrees C (Ki = 126 microM) and an uncompetitive inhibitor at 37 degrees C (Ki = 214 microM)."	( Kinetic and structural analysis of the inhibition of adenosine deaminase by acetaminophen. Ataie, G; Cristalli, G; Divsalar, A; Mardanian, S; Moosavi-Movahedi, AA; Ranjbar, B; Saboury, AA; Safarian, S, 2004)	1.27
"Acetaminophen is a widely used antipyretic analgesic, reducing fever caused by bacterial and viral infections and by clinical trauma such as cancer or stroke. "	( Acetaminophen-induced hypothermia in mice is mediated by a prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 1 gene-derived protein. Ayoub, SS; Ballou, LR; Botting, RM; Colville-Nash, PR; Goorha, S; Willoughby, DA, 2004)	3.21
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is an analgesic-antipyretic drug virtually devoid of typical anti-inflammatory activity and hence free of some of the side-effects of aspirin and related agents (e.g. "	( Long-term acetaminophen (paracetamol) treatment causes liver and kidney ultra-structural changes during rat pregnancy. Kulay, L; Neto, JA; Oliveira-Filho, RM; Simões, MJ; Soares, JM, 2004)	2.17
"Acetaminophen is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug whose mechanism of action has recently been suggested to involve inhibitory effects on prostaglandin synthesis via a newly discovered cyclooxygenase variant (COX-3). "	( Acetaminophen-sensitive prostaglandin production in rat cerebral endothelial cells. Busija, DW; Kis, B; Simandle, SA; Snipes, JA, 2005)	3.21
"Acetaminophen (ACE) is a common over-the-counter analgesic."	( Multi-residue determination of anti-inflammatory analgesics in sera by liquid chromatography--mass spectrometry. Cummings, MR; Miksa, IR; Poppenga, RH, 2005)	1.05
"Acetaminophen is a widely used antipyretic drug. "	( Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with hypersensitivity to acetaminophen. Kawakami, M; Masuzawa, A; Moriguchi, M; Otsuka, M; Sugawara, H; Tabei, K; Tsuda, T; Yamada, S, 2005)	2.01
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a popular domestic analgesic and antipyretic agent with a weak anti-inflammatory action and a low incidence of adverse effects as compared with aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. "	( Conversion of acetaminophen to the bioactive N-acylphenolamine AM404 via fatty acid amide hydrolase-dependent arachidonic acid conjugation in the nervous system. Alexander, JP; Andersson, DA; Basbaum, AI; Björk, H; Cravatt, BF; Ermund, A; Högestätt, ED; Jönsson, BA; Zygmunt, PM, 2005)	2.13
"Acetaminophen, which is a weak inhibitor of platelet cyclooxygenase 1, has a dose-dependent antiaggregatory effect. "	( Dose-dependent inhibition of platelet function by acetaminophen in healthy volunteers. Munsterhjelm, E; Munsterhjelm, NM; Neuvonen, PJ; Niemi, TT; Rosenberg, PH; Ylikorkala, O, 2005)	2.02
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used alternative to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which have recently been demonstrated to increase mortality after acute myocardial infarction (AMI)."	( Role of acetaminophen in acute myocardial infarction. Gorman, JH; Gorman, RC; Hinmon, R; Jackson, BM; Leshnower, BG; Parish, LM; Plappert, T; Sakamoto, H; Zeeshan, A, 2006)	1.49
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a pharmaceutical that has similar metabolic and toxic responses in rodents and humans."	( Phenotypic anchoring of acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress with gene expression profiles in rat liver. Boorman, GA; Boysen, G; Cunningham, ML; Heinloth, AN; Kosyk, O; Paules, RS; Powell, CL; Ross, PK; Rusyn, I; Schoonhoven, R; Swenberg, JA, 2006)	1.36
"Acetaminophen overdose is a leading cause of drug-related acute liver failure in the United States. "	( Acetaminophen-induced liver injury is attenuated in male glutamate-cysteine ligase transgenic mice. Botta, D; Dabrowski, MJ; Farin, FM; Fausto, N; Kavanagh, TJ; Keener, CL; Ladiges, WC; Pierce, RH; Shi, S; Srinouanprachanh, SL; Ware, CB; White, CC, 2006)	3.22
"Acetaminophen overdose is a frequent cause of acute liver failure. "	( Severe hepatotoxicity after therapeutic doses of acetaminophen. Cairon, E; Mian, P; Moling, O; Pristerá, R; Rimenti, G; Rizza, F, 2006)	2.03
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug that is safe at therapeutic doses but which can precipitate liver injury at high doses. "	( Mitochondrial protection by the JNK inhibitor leflunomide rescues mice from acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Boelsterli, UA; Goh, CW; Latchoumycandane, C; Ong, MM, 2007)	2.01
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely-used analgesic and a known hepatotoxic agent. "	( VEGF isoforms and receptors expression throughout acute acetaminophen-induced liver injury and regeneration. Bartsocas, CS; Bozas, E; Garyfallidis, S; Grypioti, A; Mykoniatis, MG; Nicolopoulou-Stamati, P; Papastefanou, VP, 2007)	2.03
"Acetaminophen is a common ingestant that is routinely screened for, with serum testing, after overdoses. "	( Comparison of urine and serum testing for early detection of acetaminophen ingestion. Bebarta, VS; MacDaniel, J; Martin, JF; Schwertner, HA, 2007)	2.02
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used antipyretic and analgesic agent. "	( Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Larson, AM, 2007)	3.23
"Acetaminophen is a safe medication that should be considered first-line therapy."	( Approach to managing musculoskeletal pain: acetaminophen, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, or traditional NSAIDs? Choquette, D; Craig, BN; Davis, P; De Angelis, C; Fulthorpe, G; Habal, F; Hunt, RH; Stewart, JI; Turpie, AG, 2007)	1.32
"Acetaminophen/hydrocodone is a common non-opioid/opioid analgesic indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. "	( Resolution of an oral ulcer secondary to acetaminophen/hydrocodone withdrawal. Balasubramaniam, R; Lin, PC; White, DK; Yepes, JF, )	1.84
"Acetaminophen is a widely prescribed analgesic/antipyretic metabolized by hepatic glucuronide and sulfate conjugation. "	( Reduced distribution and clearance of acetaminophen in patients with congestive heart failure. Abernethy, DR; Greenblatt, DJ; Ochs, HR; Schuppan, U, )	1.85
"Acetaminophen is a remarkably safe agent when used in therapeutic doses. "	( Acetaminophen overdose. Rumack, BH, 1983)	3.15
"Acetaminophen is an effective antipyretic and analgesic with few side effects that is toxic only in massive overdose."	( Use of antipyretic analgesics in the pediatric patient. Gladtke, E, 1983)	0.99
"Acetaminophen is an effective analgesic and antipyretic agent with few adverse effects when used in recommended dosages. "	( Acetaminophen: a practical pharmacologic overview. Cornett, JW; Jackson, CH; MacDonald, NC, 1984)	3.15
"Acetaminophen appears to be an adequate, although not completely, innocuous ASA substitute."	( Adverse pulmonary responses to aspirin and acetaminophen in chronic childhood asthma. Fischer, TJ; Gartside, PS; Guilfoile, TD; Kearns, GL; Kesarwala, HH; Moomaw, CJ; Winant, JG, 1983)	1.25
"Acetaminophen is a substrate for both the TS and TL forms of PST."	( Platelet phenol sulfotransferase activity: correlation with sulfate conjugation of acetaminophen. Reiter, C; Weinshilboum, R, 1982)	1.21
"Acetaminophen is an analgesic that is frequently used in Canada, and the occurrence of overdoses with this drug seems to be increasing. "	( Treatment of acetaminophen poisoning. Freedman, F; Sellers, EM, 1981)	2.07
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic, but its disposition in human milk has not yet been reported. "	( Disposition of acetaminophen in milk, saliva, and plasma of lactating women. Berlin, CM; Ragni, M; Yaffe, SJ, 1980)	2.06
"Acetaminophen is a widely available and frequently recommended over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic. "	( Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity and overdose. Bailey, BO, 1980)	3.15
"Acetaminophen is a mild analgesic and antipyretic agent that is safe and effective when taken in therapeutic doses. "	( Modulation of macrophage functioning abrogates the acute hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen. Gardner, CR; Jollow, DJ; Laskin, DL; Price, VF, 1995)	1.96
"Acetaminophen is a suitable substitute for aspirin for its analgesic or antipyretic uses in patients in whom aspirin is contraindicated (e.g., prepartum patients, children with febrile conditions, patients with asthma, peptic ulcer, gouty arthritis, hyperuricemia, hemophilia or other bleeding disorders, and those taking anticoagulants)."	( Acetylsalicylic acid and acetaminophen. Kacso, G; Terézhalmy, GT, 1994)	1.31
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug that causes massive centrilobular hepatic necrosis at high doses, leading to death. "	( Stimulated hepatic tissue repair underlies heteroprotection by thioacetamide against acetaminophen-induced lethality. Bucci, TJ; Chanda, S; Mangipudy, RS; Mehendale, HM; Warbritton, A, 1995)	1.96
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic agent which, in high doses, causes liver and kidney necrosis in man and animals. "	( Gender-related differences in susceptibility to acetaminophen-induced protein arylation and nephrotoxicity in the CD-1 mouse. Cohen, SD; Hart, SG; Hoivik, DJ; Khairallah, EA; Manautou, JE; Tveit, A, 1995)	1.99
"Acetaminophen is a safe antipyretic therapy prescribed in children. "	( [Paracetamol and other antipyretic analgesics: optimal doses in pediatrics]. Stamm, D, 1994)	1.73
"Acetaminophen poisoning is a significant medical problem in the United States and is frequently managed by family physicians. "	( Management of acetaminophen toxicity. Fuller, SH; Larsen, LC, 1996)	2.1
"Acetaminophen is a metabolite of phenacetin, a drug that has been implicated as a causal agent in the development of renal and bladder cancer. "	( Acetaminophen and renal and bladder cancer. Derby, LE; Jick, H, 1996)	3.18
"Acetaminophen is an analgesic and antipyretic which causes liver toxicity in humans and experimental animals with overdose. "	( Evidence suggesting the 58-kDa acetaminophen binding protein is a preferential target for acetaminophen electrophile. Cohen, SD; Hoivik, DJ; Khairallah, EA; Manautou, JE; Mankowski, DC; Tveit, A, 1996)	2.02
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is an analgesic and antipyretic agent which may cause hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity with overdose in man and laboratory animals. "	( Protein arylation precedes acetaminophen toxicity in a dynamic organ slice culture of mouse kidney. Brendel, K; Cohen, SD; Fisher, RL; Gandolfi, AJ; Hoivik, DJ; Khairallah, EA, 1996)	2.03
"Acetaminophen poisoning is a major cause of hospital admission and has been extensively reviewed. "	( Acetaminophen poisoning in late pregnancy. A case report. Chao, HT; Hung, JH; Lee, WL; Wang, PH; Yang, MJ; Yang, ML, 1997)	3.18
"Acetaminophen is a mild analgesic and antipyretic agent known to cause centrilobular hepatic necrosis at toxic doses. "	( Role of nitric oxide in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. DeGeorge, GL; Gardner, CR; Heck, DE; Laskin, DL; Laskin, JD; Thomas, PE; Yang, CS; Zhang, XJ, 1998)	2.05
"Acetaminophen (AP) is a widely-used analgesic agent that has been linked to human liver and kidney disease with prolonged or high-dose usage. "	( Role of CYP2A5 and 2G1 in acetaminophen metabolism and toxicity in the olfactory mucosa of the Cyp1a2(-/-) mouse. Ding, X; Genter, MB; Gu, J; Liang, HC; McKinnon, RA; Nebert, DW; Negishi, M, 1998)	2.04
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a common analgesic and antipyretic compound which, when administered in high doses, has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality, secondary to hepatic toxicity. "	( Role of neutrophils in hepatotoxicity induced by oral acetaminophen administration in rats. Kokoska, ER; Miller, TA; Nadig, DE; Smith, GS; Solomon, H; Tiniakos, DG, 1998)	1.99
"Acetaminophen is a phenolic compound which produces a clear inhibitory dose-response curve with peroxynitrite in its range of clinical effectiveness."	( A new screening method to detect water-soluble antioxidants: acetaminophen (Tylenol) and other phenols react as antioxidants and destroy peroxynitrite-based luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Qazi, N; Sacks, M; Van Dyke, K, )	1.09
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic/antipyretic that also contains a p-phenol."	( Acetaminophen alters estrogenic responses in vitro: stimulation of DNA synthesis in estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cells. Harnagea-Theophilus, E; Miller, MR, 1998)	2.46
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic that can lead to severe liver damage when taken at excessive doses. "	( Modulation of serum growth factor signal transduction in Hepa 1-6 cells by acetaminophen: an inhibition of c-myc expression, NF-kappaB activation, and Raf-1 kinase activity. Boulares, HA; Cohen, SD; Giardina, C; Khairallah, EA; Navarro, CL, 1999)	1.98
"Acetaminophen overdose is a common intoxication in daily practice the standard treatment is N-acetylcysteine (NAC) antidotal therapy for possible poisoning. "	( Hemodialysis as adjunctive therapy for severe acetaminophen poisoning: a case report. Deng, JF; Tsai, WJ; Wu, ML; Yang, CC, 1999)	2
"Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug that is considered a good alternative to salicylates for individuals who cannot tolerate salicylates. "	( Acetaminophen inhibits iNOS gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages: differential regulation of NF-kappaB by acetaminophen and salicylates. Hong, JH; Hur, GM; Kim, YM; Lee, JH; Lee, YS; Lim, JH; Ryu, YS; Seok, JH, 2000)	3.19
"Acetaminophen is a widely used nonprescription analgesic and antipyretic agent. "	( Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: An update. Barve, S; Devalarja, R; McClain, CJ; Price, S; Shedlofsky, S, )	3.02
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is an analgesic antipyretic drug with no antiinflammatory effects and is widely used worldwide. "	( Paracetamol (acetaminophen) hypersensitivity. Camo, IP; Cosmes, EL; Cuevas, M; de Paramo, BJ; Gancedo, SQ; Martin, JA, 2000)	2.12
"Acetaminophen is a phenol with antioxidant properties, but little is known about its actions on the mammalian myocardium and coronary circulation. "	( Coronary and myocardial effects of acetaminophen: protection during ischemia-reperfusion. McConnell, P; Merrill, G; Powell, S; Vandyke, K, 2001)	2.03
"Acetaminophen was found to be a good reducing agent of both oCOX-1 and hCOX-2."	( Mechanism of acetaminophen inhibition of cyclooxygenase isoforms. Ouellet, M; Percival, MD, 2001)	1.4
"Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic, which has exhibited evidence of estrogenic activity in estrogen-receptor positive human breast cancer cells. "	( Acetaminophen elicits anti-estrogenic but not estrogenic responses in the immature mouse. Patel, R; Rosengren, RJ, 2001)	3.2
"Acetaminophen is a common cause of poisoning in children. "	( Is chronic poisoning with acetaminophen in children a frequent occurrence in Toronto? Bailey, B; Kapur, BM; Koren, G; Lalkin, A, 2001)	2.05
"Acetaminophen is a widely used over-the-counter drug that causes severe hepatic damage upon overdose. "	( Reduction of toxic metabolite formation of acetaminophen. Hazai, E; Monostory, K; Vereczkey, L, 2002)	2.02
"Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug that exhibits toxicity at high doses to the liver and kidneys. "	( Acetaminophen induces a caspase-dependent and Bcl-XL sensitive apoptosis in human hepatoma cells and lymphocytes. Boulares, AH; Cuvillier, O; Smulson, ME; Stoica, BA; Zoltoski, AJ, 2002)	3.2
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a common overdosed medication. "	( Utility of acetaminophen screening in unsuspected suicidal ingestions. Chiang, WK; Lucanie, R; Reilly, R, 2002)	2.15
"Acetaminophen is an effective mild analgesic and antipyretic agent. "	( Acetaminophen. Ameer, B; Greenblatt, DJ, 1977)	3.14
"Acetaminophen is a readily available, widely used drug which has been thought safer than aspirin. "	( Acute acetaminophen intoxication. Austin, F; Carloss, H; Forrester, J; Fuson, T, 1978)	2.18
"Acetaminophen is a safe drug when used properly, but overdosage can cause severe toxicity."	( Acetaminophen poisoning. Calvert, LJ; Linder, CW, 1978)	2.42
"Acetaminophen (AA) is a drug whose biotransformation by sulfation is easily saturated. "	( Homeostasis of sulfate and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate in rats after acetaminophen administration. Kim, HJ; Klaassen, CD; Madhu, C; Rozman, P, 1992)	1.95
"Acetaminophen is a popular nonprescription analgesic that is often taken in overdose by adolescents during suicidal gestures. "	( Acetaminophen overdose as a suicidal gesture: a survey of adolescents' knowledge of its potential for toxicity. Diaco, D; Harris, E; Moreno, A; Myers, WC; Otto, TA, 1992)	3.17
"Acetaminophen is an antipyretic and analgesic drug frequently prescribed in children. "	( [Optimal dose of acetaminophen in children]. Badoual, J; Olive, G; Pons, G, )	1.91
"Acetaminophen is an exception to the recalcitrance of arylamides to such bioactivation processes because it also possesses the phenolic functional group, which, like the arylamine group, is oxidized by certain reactive oxygen species."	( Metabolic activation and nucleic acid binding of acetaminophen and related arylamine substrates by the respiratory burst of human granulocytes. Corbett, BR; Corbett, MD; Hannothiaux, MH; Quintana, SJ, )	1.11
"Acetaminophen appears to be an uncommon cause of fixed drug eruption, with a tendency for lesions to appear at the same or at different sites in flares, perhaps because of a prolonged refractory period and the tendency to become completely refractory in some locations."	( Wandering fixed drug eruption: a mucocutaneous reaction to acetaminophen. Baker, GF; Guin, JD; Haynie, LS; Jackson, D, 1987)	1.24
"Acetaminophen is a common drug used in pregnancy. "	( Maternal acetaminophen overdose at 15 weeks of gestation. Gabbe, SG; Landon, MB; Ludmir, J; Main, DM, 1986)	2.13
"Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is a widely used analgesic/antipyretic drug which is enzymatically bioactivated, or toxified, by the cytochromes P-450 to a hepatotoxic reactive intermediary metabolite. "	( Delayed enhancement of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by general anesthesia using diethyl ether or halothane. Ku, MS; Ramji, P; Wells, PG, 1986)	2.02
"Acetaminophen is a popular analgesic and antipyretic medication that has few side effects and little toxicity when used in recommended doses. "	( Management of acute acetaminophen overdose. Hall, AH; Rumack, BH, 1986)	2.04
"Acetaminophen is a widely used, nonprescription analgesic and antipyretic drug which can cause severe hepatic and renal cellular necrosis. "	( Repetitive microvolumetric sampling and analysis of acetaminophen and its toxicologically relevant metabolites in murine plasma and urine using high performance liquid chromatography. To, EC; Wells, PG, )	1.82

Effects

Acetaminophen has a remarkable safety profile when prescribed in proper therapeutic doses. International consensus panels recommend its use as first-line therapy in dosages of up to 4 g/day.

Acetaminophen (APAP) has recently been found to target COX-3, a newly identified COX isozyme. The mechanism is not well understood. It has been associated with asthma in cross-sectional studies and a birth cohort.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Acetaminophen has a remarkable safety profile when prescribed in proper therapeutic doses, but hepatotoxicity can occur when misused or after an overdose. "	( Late Diagnosis of Paracetamol Poisoning is Always Lethal in Young Adult. Aamir, M; Fatima, S; Naz, S, 2020)	2
"Acetaminophen has a reasonable safety profile when consumed in therapeutic doses. "	( Protective effect of pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Candasamy, M; Chellappan, DK; Dua, K; Gubbiyappa, KS; Gupta, G; Krishna, G, 2014)	2.09
"Acetaminophen has a good risk/benefit ratio that has prompted international consensus panels to recommend its use as first-line therapy in dosages of up to 4 g/day."	( Acetaminophen as symptomatic treatment of pain from osteoarthritis. Bertin, P; Jolivet-Landreau, I; Keddad, K, 2004)	2.49
"Acetaminophen has been shown to reduce postoperative opiate burden, and may provide similar efficacy for closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)."	( Racing against time: leveraging preclinical models to understand pulmonary susceptibility to perinatal acetaminophen exposures. Dobrinskikh, E; Jensen, EA; McCulley, DJ; McKenna, S; Sherlock, LG; Sucre, JMS; Wright, CJ, 2022)	1.66
"Acetaminophen (APAP) use has been associated with blunted vaccine immune responses. "	( Impact of acetaminophen on the efficacy of immunotherapy in cancer patients. Bessede, A; Cabart, M; Chaibi, A; Chaput, N; Cousin, S; Danlos, FX; Guégan, JP; Italiano, A; Khettab, M; Mahon, FX; Marabelle, A; Nafia, I; Peyraud, F; Rey, C; Roubaud, G; Soria, JC; Spalato, M, 2022)	2.57
"Acetaminophen intoxication has become the leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in Europe and the USA."	( Early biomarkers predicting outcome in a porcine model of acetaminophen intoxication: A pilot study. Königsrainer, A; Lischner, U; Morgalla, M; Peter, A; Schenk, M; Thiel, C; Thiel, K, 2022)	2.41
"Acetaminophen has been evaluated in horses for treatment of musculoskeletal pain but not as an antipyretic."	( Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of orally administered acetaminophen (paracetamol) in adult horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia. Council-Troche, RM; Davis, JL; McKenzie, HC; Mercer, MA; Messenger, KM; Schaefer, E; Werre, SR, 2023)	2.6
"Acetaminophen toxicity has been associated with elevation of microRNAs. "	( Circulating microRNA Profiles in Acetaminophen Toxicity. Ambros, V; Carreiro, S; Chapman, B; Lee, R; Marvel-Coen, J, 2020)	2.28
"Acetaminophen has been increasingly used for the treatment of cancer-related pain in Japan since the revision of the package insert on January 21, 2011. "	( Risk Factors for Acetaminophen-induced Liver Injury: A Single-center Study from Japan. Hidaka, N; Kaji, Y; Matsuoka, I; Takatori, S; Tanaka, A; Tanaka, M, 2020)	2.34
"Acetaminophen has shown a gradual increase in detection in surface waters. "	( Activated hydrochar produced from brewer's spent grain and its application in the removal of acetaminophen. Bergamasco, R; de Araújo, TP; de Barros, MASD; Quesada, HB; Vareschini, DT, 2020)	2.22
"Acetaminophen (APAP) has hepatotoxic potential when overdosed. "	( Hepatic Adaptation to Therapeutic Doses of Acetaminophen: An Exploratory Study in Healthy Individuals. Arakawa, N; Aso, M; Kumagai, Y; Maeda, M; Maekawa, K; Ochiai, M; Ohno, Y; Saito, Y; Sakamoto, Y; Song, I; Tanaka, R, 2020)	2.26
"Acetaminophen has a remarkable safety profile when prescribed in proper therapeutic doses, but hepatotoxicity can occur when misused or after an overdose. "	( Late Diagnosis of Paracetamol Poisoning is Always Lethal in Young Adult. Aamir, M; Fatima, S; Naz, S, 2020)	2
"Acetaminophen has been widely used as an analgesic agent after various types of surgery. "	( The feasibility and safety in using acetaminophen with fentanyl for pain control after liver resection with regards to liver function: A prospective single-center pilot study in Japan. Adachi, T; Eguchi, S; Hara, T; Hidaka, M; Ichinomiya, T; Kamada, N; Nakashima, M; Ohyama, K; Soyama, A, 2021)	2.34
"Acetaminophen has become a novel treatment option for patent ductus arteriosus closure in premature infants. "	( Acetaminophen in late pregnancy and potential for in utero closure of the ductus arteriosus-a pharmacokinetic evaluation and critical review of the literature. de Vrijer, B; Eastabrook, G; Garcia-Bournissen, F; Hutson, JR; Lurie, A, 2021)	3.51
"Acetaminophen (APAP) has been associated with the development of atopic diseases. "	( Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen increases the risk of atopic dermatitis in children: A nationwide nested case-control study in Taiwan. Bai, YM; Chang, YT; Chen, MH; Chen, TJ; Dai, YX; Li, CY; Tsai, SJ, 2021)	2.38
"Acetaminophen has been increasingly used in treating patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm neonates. "	( Intravenous acetaminophen (at 15 mg/kg/dose every 6 hours) in critically ill preterm neonates with patent ductus arteriosus: A prospective study. Al Ansari, E; Al Jufairi, M; Al Madhoob, A; Al Marzooq, R; Hasan, SJR; Hubail, Z; Sridharan, K, 2021)	2.44
"Acetaminophen use has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of ASD."	( Endocannabinoid System Dysregulation from Acetaminophen Use May Lead to Autism Spectrum Disorder: Could Cannabinoid Treatment Be Efficacious? Antonucci, N; Brigida, AL; Gould, GG; Schultz, S; Siniscalco, D, 2021)	1.61
"Acetaminophen (AP) has been frequently detected in different environments due to its wide usage as a common analgesic and antipyretic pharmaceutical. "	( Two transformation pathways of Acetaminophen with Fe Gao, J; Sun, Z; Tong, Y; Wang, X, 2021)	2.35
"Acetaminophen has emerged as an alternative to indomethacin and ibuprofen with less significant adverse effects, but there is no consensus regarding its use."	( Acetaminophen Therapy for Persistent Patent Ductus Arteriosus. Amin, S; Manalastas, M; Nicoski, P; Weiss, MG; Zaheer, F, 2021)	2.79
"Acetaminophen (APAP) has been shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation and, thus, may be renal protective in patients with sepsis."	( Effect of Acetaminophen on the Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Sepsis. Aljuhani, O; Bakhsh, H; Erstad, BL; Patanwala, AE, 2018)	1.6
"As acetaminophen has few side effects of gastrointestinal and renal systems, its use is recommended for the control of long term pain man- agement The side effects of acetaminophen and their management are discussed."	( [Side Effects of Acetaminophen and their Management]. Saeki, S, 2016)	1.29
"Acetaminophen has been shown to influence cognitive and affective behavior possibly via alterations in serotonin function. "	( Acetaminophen enhances the reflective learning process. Beevers, CG; Carver, CS; Hamilton, B; Koslov, S; Pearson, R; Shumake, J, 2018)	3.37
"Acetaminophen has long been assumed to selectively alleviate physical pain, but recent research has started to reveal its broader psychological effects. "	( Acetaminophen influences social and economic trust. Krajbich, I; Roberts, ID; Way, BM, 2019)	3.4
"Acetaminophen has been commonly used as the fi rst-line treatment for OA pain and cLBP, but its long-term use is not recommended based on recent evidence."	( Evidence-Based Recommendations on the Pharmacological Management of Osteoarthritis and Chronic Low Back Pain: An Asian Consensus Ip, AKK; Murakami, T; Shin, HK; Sun, WZ; Tam, CK; Ushida, T; Wang, JH; Williamson, OD; Yabuki, S, 2019)	1.24
"Acetaminophen has been suggested as the analgesic of choice during orthodontic treatment as it showed no effect on orthodontic tooth movement in previous animal studies."	( Comparison of the effects of ibuprofen and acetaminophen on PGE2 levels in the GCF during orthodontic tooth movement: a human study. Ganeshkar, SV; Hegde, S; Patil, AK; Shetty, N, 2013)	1.37
"Acetaminophen (APAP) has been used as a probe drug to investigate drug-induced liver injury (DILI). "	( Use of a systems model of drug-induced liver injury (DILIsym(®)) to elucidate the mechanistic differences between acetaminophen and its less-toxic isomer, AMAP, in mice. Howell, BA; Siler, SQ; Watkins, PB, 2014)	2.06
"Acetaminophen has a reasonable safety profile when consumed in therapeutic doses. "	( Protective effect of pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Candasamy, M; Chellappan, DK; Dua, K; Gubbiyappa, KS; Gupta, G; Krishna, G, 2014)	2.09
"Acetaminophen overdose has become the leading cause of acute liver failure in the US."	( Transcriptomic studies on liver toxicity of acetaminophen. Cheng, F; Figler, B; Toska, E; Zagorsky, R, 2014)	1.38
"Oral acetaminophen has gained increasing attention as an alternative pharmaceutical agent for PDA closure in premature infants, although safety concerns remain."	( What is new for patent ductus arteriosus management in premature infants in 2015? Laughon, MM; Perez, KM, 2015)	0.87
"Acetaminophen has been used as a tool for clinical and nonclinical experimental designs that evaluate gastric emptying because acetaminophen is not absorbed in stomach but efficiently absorbed from the small intestine. "	( Acetaminophen absorption kinetics in altered gastric emptying: establishing a relevant pharmacokinetic surrogate using published data. Srinivas, NR, 2015)	3.3
"Acetaminophen overuse has been linked to liver injury."	( Patterns of acetaminophen medication use associated with exceeding the recommended maximum daily dose. Battista, D; Kaufman, DW; Kelly, JP; Malone, MK; Rohay, JM; Shiffman, S; Weinstein, RB, 2015)	2.24
"Acetaminophen has recently been recognized as having impacts that extend into the affective domain. "	( Acetaminophen attenuates error evaluation in cortex. Handy, TC; Heine, SJ; Inzlicht, M; Kam, JW; Randles, D, 2016)	3.32
"IV acetaminophen has also been shown to be effective in alleviating pain for surgical procedures."	( A Randomized Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Ibuprofen versus Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen in Knee or Hip Arthroplasty. Abubaker, H; Ahrendtsen, L; Demas, E; Gupta, A, 2016)	1.16
"Acetaminophen has several pharmacologic properties that suggest it could be carcinogenic in human beings. "	( Use of acetaminophen in relation to the occurrence of cancer: a review of epidemiologic studies. Weiss, NS, 2016)	2.33
"Acetaminophen has been studied for acute migraine treatment."	( Efficacy and tolerability of coadministration of rizatriptan and acetaminophen vs rizatriptan or acetaminophen alone for acute migraine treatment. Diamond, M; Diamond, S; Freitag, F; Janssen, I; Rodgers, A; Skobieranda, F, 2008)	1.31
"Acetaminophen has pro-survival effects on neurons in culture. "	( Acetaminophen inhibits neuronal inflammation and protects neurons from oxidative stress. Grammas, P; Tripathy, D, 2009)	3.24
"Acetaminophen has been associated with asthma and is in part metabolised via the glutathione pathway. "	( Prenatal acetaminophen exposure and risk of wheeze at age 5 years in an urban low-income cohort. Ali, D; Barr, RG; Chew, GL; Garfinkel, RS; Goldstein, IF; Miller, RL; Perera, FP; Perzanowski, MS; Tang, D, 2010)	2.22
"Acetaminophen has been tried in stroke patients to produce hypothermia so that injury following cerebral ischemia can be reduced."	( Endothelin-A receptor antagonist BQ123 potentiates acetaminophen induced hypothermia and reduces infarction following focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Briyal, S; Gulati, A, 2010)	1.33
"Acetaminophen has significant fentanyl-sparing effects and reduces side effects when combined with fentanyl in intravenous parent-/nurse-controlled analgesia for postoperative pediatric pain management."	( Fentanyl-sparing effect of acetaminophen as a mixture of fentanyl in intravenous parent-/nurse-controlled analgesia after pediatric ureteroneocystostomy. Cho, JS; Hong, JY; Kil, HK; Kim, WO; Koo, BN; Suk, EH, 2010)	2.1
"Acetaminophen has neuroprotective properties in animal models."	( Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of acetaminophen for preventing mood and memory effects of prednisone bursts. Brown, ES; Denniston, D; Desai, S; Gabrielson, B; Khan, DA; Khanani, S, )	1.1
"Acetaminophen has been hypothesized to increase the risk of asthma and allergic disease, and geohelminth infection to reduce the risk, but evidence from longitudinal cohort studies is lacking."	( The role of acetaminophen and geohelminth infection on the incidence of wheeze and eczema: a longitudinal birth-cohort study. Alem, A; Amberbir, A; Britton, J; Davey, G; Medhin, G; Venn, A, 2011)	2.19
"Acetaminophen has unique analgesic and antipyretic properties. "	( Intravenous acetaminophen. Jahr, JS; Lee, VK, 2010)	2.18
"Oral acetaminophen has been shown to be safe and effective in a variety of acute pain models."	( Continuous multimechanistic postoperative analgesia: a rationale for transitioning from intravenous acetaminophen and opioids to oral formulations. Labhsetwar, SA; Pergolizzi, JV; Raffa, RB; Tallarida, R; Taylor, R, 2012)	1.05
"Acetaminophen has been used as an analgesic for more than a hundred years, but its mechanism of action has remained elusive. "	( Effects of the analgesic acetaminophen (Paracetamol) and its para-aminophenol metabolite on viability of mouse-cultured cortical neurons. DeSilva, M; Gu, TT; Qiang, M; Schultz, S; Whang, K, 2012)	2.13
"Acetaminophen has no effect on the progression of renal damage in adenine-induced renal failure model rats. "	( Effect of acetaminophen on the progression of renal damage in adenine induced renal failure model rats. Arimizu, K; Chuang, VT; Hirata, S; Irie, T; Ishitsuka, Y; Kadowaki, D; Kitamura, K; Maruyama, T; Narita, Y; Otagiri, M; Sumikawa, S; Taguchi, K, 2012)	2.22
"Acetaminophen has recently been identified as a promising snake toxicant."	( Risk assessment of an acetaminophen baiting program for chemical control of brown tree snakes on Guam: evaluation of baits, snake residues, and potential primary and secondary hazards. Eisemann, JD; Hurley, JC; Johnston, JJ; Kohler, DJ; Primus, TM; Savarie, PJ, 2002)	1.35
"Acetaminophen may have been blunted some adverse effects."	( Adverse effects of superactivated charcoal administered to healthy volunteers. Sato, RL; Sumida, SM; Wong, JJ; Yamamoto, LG, 2002)	1.04
"Acetaminophen (APAP) has recently been found to target COX-3, a newly identified COX isozyme. "	( Acetaminophen modifies hippocampal synaptic plasticity via a presynaptic 5-HT2 receptor. Bazan, NG; Chen, C, 2003)	3.2
"Acetaminophen use has been associated with asthma in cross-sectional studies and a birth cohort."	( Prospective study of acetaminophen use and newly diagnosed asthma among women. Barr, RG; Camargo, CA; Curhan, GC; Schwartz, J; Somers, SC; Speizer, FE; Stampfer, MJ; Wentowski, CC, 2004)	1.36
"Acetaminophen metabolites have been shown to affect rat liver microsomal Ca2+ stores, but the mechanism is not well understood."	( Acetaminophen alters microsomal ryanodine Ca2+ channel in HepG2 cells overexpressing CYP2E1. Braszko, JJ; Holownia, A, 2004)	2.49
"Acetaminophen has a good risk/benefit ratio that has prompted international consensus panels to recommend its use as first-line therapy in dosages of up to 4 g/day."	( Acetaminophen as symptomatic treatment of pain from osteoarthritis. Bertin, P; Jolivet-Landreau, I; Keddad, K, 2004)	2.49
"Acetaminophen has been used safely and effectively for many years to manage pain and/or fever in patients of all ages. "	( The therapeutic use of acetaminophen in patients with liver disease. Benson, GD; Koff, RS; Tolman, KG, )	1.88
"Acetaminophen granules have been formed by a melt granulation process with the objective of retarding drug release for prolonged action formulations. "	( Modification of drug release from acetaminophen granules by melt granulation technique - consideration of release kinetics. Okor, RS; Uhumwangho, MU, 2006)	2.06
"Acetaminophen has been widely used for > 50 years in the treatment of pain and fever and provides for the safe and effective relief of these symptoms. "	( Acetaminophen safety and hepatotoxicity--where do we go from here? Amar, PJ; Schiff, ER, 2007)	3.23
"Acetaminophen has become a very popular over-the-counter analgesic in some countries and as a result it is used increasingly as an agent for self-poisoning. "	( The treatment of acetaminophen poisoning. Critchley, JA; Prescott, LF, 1983)	2.05
"Acetaminophen has been in use since the 1890s."	( History of antipyretic analgesic therapy. Haas, H, 1983)	0.99
"Acetaminophen has variable effects on prostaglandin synthesis depending on the tissue preparation used. "	( Tissue selectivity and variability of effects of acetaminophen on arachidonic acid metabolism. Capetola, RJ; Fuller, BL; Levinson, SL; Marinan, BA; Rosenthale, ME; Tolman, EL, 1983)	1.96
"Acetaminophen has been one of the most serious electrochemical interferences to oxidase-based amperometric biosensors that measure H2O2. "	( Elimination of the acetaminophen interference in an implantable glucose sensor. Hu, Y; Moatti-Sirat, D; Poitout, V; Reach, G; Wilson, GS; Zhang, Y, 1994)	2.06
"Acetaminophen has no effect on the rate of tooth movement in rabbits undergoing orthodontic treatment."	( The effect of acetaminophen on tooth movement in rabbits. Acs, G; Cisneros, GJ; Roche, JJ, 1997)	1.38
"Acetaminophen has no antiestrogenic/estrogenic activity in mice or rats uteri."	( Acetaminophen-induced proliferation of breast cancer cells involves estrogen receptors. DeGeorge, GL; Gadd, SL; Harnagea-Theophilus, E; Knight-Trent, AH; Miller, MR, 1999)	2.47
"Acetaminophen has similar analgesic and antipyretic properties to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which act via inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes. "	( Mechanism of acetaminophen inhibition of cyclooxygenase isoforms. Ouellet, M; Percival, MD, 2001)	2.12
"Acetaminophen half-life has not been studied in patients receiving the antidote N -acetylcysteine."	( The value of plasma acetaminophen half-life in antidote-treated acetaminophen overdosage. Bondesen, S; Christensen, E; Ott, P; Schiødt, FV, 2002)	1.36
"Acetaminophen has antipyretic and analgesic properties yet differs from the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and inhibitors of prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS)-2 by exhibiting little effect on platelets or inflammation. "	( Determinants of the cellular specificity of acetaminophen as an inhibitor of prostaglandin H(2) synthases. Aronoff, DM; Boutaud, O; Marnett, LJ; Oates, JA; Richardson, JH, 2002)	2.02
"Acetaminophen has recently been reported to protect against drug damage to gastric mucosa in vivo. "	( Cytoprotective effect of acetaminophen against taurocholate-induced damage to rat gastric monolayer cultures. Hiraishi, H; Ivey, KJ; Ota, S; Razandi, M; Sekhon, S; Terano, A, 1988)	2.02
"Acetaminophen has been shown to be cataractogenic in mice and rabbits. "	( Metabolic evidence for the involvement of enzymatic bioactivation in the cataractogenicity of acetaminophen in genetically susceptible (C57BL/6) and resistant (DBA/2) murine strains. Basu, PK; Lubek, BM; Wells, PG, 1988)	1.94
"Acetaminophen has been reported either to prolong or not to affect the clearance of chloramphenicol. "	( Interaction between chloramphenicol and acetaminophen. Aranda, JV; Beharry, K; Davis, DJ; Martin, SR; Rex, J; Spika, JS, 1986)	1.98
"Acetaminophen has been proposed as an agent which protects the gastric mucosa against damage induced by aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. "	( Effect of acetaminophen on human gastric mucosal injury caused by ibuprofen. Lanza, FL; Nelson, RS; Rack, MF; Royer, GL; Schwartz, JH; Seckman, CE, 1986)	2.12

Actions

Acetaminophen (APAP) can cause life-threatening renal damages and there is no specific treatment for APAP-induced renal damage. In excess of 25 billion doses are used annually as a nonprescription medication in the U.S.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Acetaminophen (APAP) can cause acute liver failure, but treatment options are still limited. "	( Kahweol Protects against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice through Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Hepatocyte Death, and Inflammation. Kim, GM; Kim, JY; Leem, J, 2022)	2.47
"Acetaminophen overdoses cause cell injury in the liver. "	( Intracellular Quantum Sensing of Free-Radical Generation Induced by Acetaminophen (APAP) in the Cytosol, in Mitochondria and the Nucleus of Macrophages. Elias Llumbet, A; Mzyk, A; Nie, L; Nusantara, AC; Schirhagl, R; Sharmin, R; Woudstra, W; Wu, K, 2022)	2.4
"Acetaminophen plays a key role in first-line Covid-19 cure as a supportive therapy of fever and pain. "	( Sensitive electrochemical assay of acetaminophen based on 3D-hierarchical mesoporous carbon nanosheets. Caddeo, F; Chen, J; Huang, Q; Huang, S; Jin, M; Liu, X; Liu, Z; Shui, L; Xie, P; Yan, Y, 2023)	2.63
"Acetaminophen (APAP) may cause acute liver injury with therapeutic doses in high-risk conditions such as chronic alcohol consumption or malnutrition. "	( Association between adverse outcomes of hepatitis A and acetaminophen use: A population-based cohort study. Chung, JW; Jang, ES; Kim, JW; Park, GC, 2023)	2.6
"Acetaminophen was found to increase the AUB with an estimated median difference of 15 (95% CI, 5-25) mm Hg × minutes (P = .003)."	( Effect of Intravenous Acetaminophen on Mean Arterial Blood Pressure: A Post Hoc Analysis of the EFfect of Intravenous ACetaminophen on PosToperative HypOxemia After Abdominal SurgeRy Trial. AlGharrash, A; Bakal, O; Bravo, M; Essber, H; Mascha, EJ; Mosteller, L; Pu, X; Rivas, E; Rodriguez-Patarroyo, F; Turan, A, 2021)	1.66
"Acetaminophen is a common cause of intentional and inadvertent overdoses among children and adolescents worldwide. "	( Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes, Disposition, and Acute Care of Children and Adolescents Treated for Acetaminophen Toxicity. Bostwick, JM; Lewis, CP; Romanowicz, M; Shekunov, J; Vande Voort, JL, 2021)	2.28
"Acetaminophen is a common cause of poisoning and liver injury worldwide; however, patient stratification is suboptimal. "	( Plasma procalcitonin may be an early predictor of liver injury in acetaminophen poisoning: A prospective cohort study. Deye, N; Diallo, A; Gourlain, H; Goury, A; Malissin, I; Mégarbane, B; Nuzzo, A; Péron, N; Salem, S; Vicaut, E; Voicu, S, 2021)	2.3
"Acetaminophen does not inhibit this synthesis at the inflammatory site."	( Pharmacology of Acetaminophen, Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs, and Steroid Medications: Implications for Anesthesia or Unique Associated Risks. Candido, KD; Knezevic, NN; Perozo, OJ, 2017)	1.52
"Acetaminophen (APAP) can cause erroneously high readings in real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) systems. "	( Resistance to Acetaminophen Interference in a Novel Continuous Glucose Monitoring System. Balo, AK; Calhoun, P; Hughes, J; Johnson, TK; Price, D, 2018)	2.28
"The acetaminophen-mediated increase in NF-κB was significantly reversed by lophirones B and C."	( Lophirones B and C halt acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by upregulating redox transcription factor Nrf-2 through Akt, PI3K, and PKC pathways. Ajala-Lawal, RA; Ajiboye, TO; Aliyu, NO, 2018)	1.27
"Acetaminophen is a common cause of acute liver failure in pediatrics. "	( A case report of full recovery from severe cerebral edema secondary to acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in a 13 year old girl. Austin, EB; Crouse, BA; Hobbs, H; Lobos, AT, 2018)	2.16
"Acetaminophen is a leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF). "	( Candidate gene polymorphisms in patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Court, MH; Greenblatt, DJ; Hazarika, S; Lee, WM; Peter, I; Vasiadi, M, 2014)	2.1
"Acetaminophen is known to cause hepatoxicity via the formation of a reactive metabolite, N-acetyl p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), as a result of covalent binding to liver proteins. "	( Absolute quantitation of NAPQI-modified rat serum albumin by LC-MS/MS: monitoring acetaminophen covalent binding in vivo. LeBlanc, A; Roy, R; Shiao, TC; Sleno, L, 2014)	2.07
"Acetaminophen did not increase erythrocyte-bound bilirubin, and the addition of tert-butyl-p-hydroxyanisole lowered its displacement factor. "	( Evaluation of bilirubin displacement effect by acetaminophen in vitro. Itoh, S; Kusaka, T; Okada, H; Sugino, M, 2015)	2.12
"Acetaminophen may cause liver damage with dose-dependent manner."	( [A Case of Acetaminophen Poisoning Associated with Tramcet Overdose]. Egashira, T; Fukusaki, M; Goto, S; Terao, Y; Tuji, T; Urabe, S, 2016)	1.55
"Acetaminophen can increase the risk of arsenic-mediated hepatic oxidative damage; therefore, the decontamination of water polluted with coexisting acetaminophen and arsenic gives rise to new challenges for the purification of drinking water. "	( Fenton-Like Catalysis and Oxidation/Adsorption Performances of Acetaminophen and Arsenic Pollutants in Water on a Multimetal Cu-Zn-Fe-LDH. Küppers, S; Lu, H; Qiu, Y; Zhang, H; Zhu, J; Zhu, L; Zhu, Z, 2016)	2.12
"Acetaminophen DILI yielded lower risks of mortality (HR 0.24, 95 % CI: 0.13-0.42)."	( The incidence, presentation, outcomes, risk of mortality and economic data of drug-induced liver injury from a national database in Thailand: a population-base study. Pan-Ngum, W; Phaosawasdi, K; Poovorawan, K; Sobhonslidsuk, A; Soonthornworasiri, N, 2016)	1.16
"Acetaminophen (APAP) can cause life-threatening renal damages and there is no specific treatment for APAP-induced renal damage. "	( Curcumin prevents oxidative renal damage induced by acetaminophen in rats. Cekmen, M; Ersoz, C; Ilbey, YO; Ozbek, E; Simsek, A; Somay, A, 2009)	2.05
"Acetaminophen is a leading cause of overdose-related hepatotoxicity. "	( Intravenous acetylcysteine for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. Doyon, S; Klein-Schwartz, W, 2011)	2.07
"Acetaminophen appears to cause a concentration-dependent reduction of potassium concentrations and an elevation of creatinine concentrations of short duration (<24 h) after overdose."	( Impact of serum acetaminophen concentration on changes in serum potassium, creatinine and urea concentrations among patients with acetaminophen overdose. Al-Jabi, SW; Awang, R; Sulaiman, SA; Zyoud, SH, 2011)	2.16
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) plays a vital role in American health care, with in excess of 25 billion doses being used annually as a nonprescription medication. "	( Confusion: acetaminophen dosing changes based on NO evidence in adults. Krenzelok, EP; Royal, MA, 2012)	2.21
"Acetaminophen did not cause hepatic lipid peroxidation in wild-type mice but did cause lipid peroxidation in iNOS knockout mice."	( Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Hinson, JA; James, LP; Mayeux, PR, 2003)	2.48
"Acetaminophen displays good gastrointestinal tolerance without any effect on haemostasis."	( Is acetaminophen, and its combination with pamabrom, an effective therapeutic option in primary dysmenorrhoea? De Los Santos, AR; Di Girolamo, G; González, CD; Sánchez, AJ, 2004)	1.67
"For acetaminophen, a small increase in overall fracture risk was observed with use within the last year (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41-1.49)."	( Fracture risk associated with use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetylsalicylic acid, and acetaminophen and the effects of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Mosekilde, L; Rejnmark, L; Vestergaard, P, 2006)	1.03
"Acetaminophen appears to cause concentration-dependent hypokalaemia after overdose, and the pharmacological basis requires further consideration."	( Acute acetaminophen overdose is associated with dose-dependent hypokalaemia: a prospective study of 331 patients. Malkowska, AM; Robinson, OD; Stephen, AF; Waring, WS, 2008)	1.55
"Acetaminophen poisoning may cause the serum transaminase level to increase during the 24 hours after ingestion."	( The temporal profile of increased transaminase levels in patients with acetaminophen-induced liver dysfunction. Carracio, TR; Mofenson, HC; Singer, AJ, 1995)	1.97
"Acetaminophen use may increase the acceptance of influenza vaccine by health care workers in whom concern about side effects is an impediment to vaccination."	( Effects of acetaminophen on adverse effects of influenza vaccination in health care workers. Aoki, FY; Cheang, M; Hammond, GW; Murdzak, C; Seklà, LH; Wright, B; Yassi, A, 1993)	1.4
"Acetaminophen overdose can cause significant morbidity in children and adolescents."	( Acetaminophen overdose in children and adolescents. Chao, HC; Hsieh, KH; Huang, JL; Lin, SJ; Lin, TY, )	2.3
"The acetaminophen group had lower pain scores on Day 1 (2.1 vs 3.3; P = 0.03) and a shorter average duration of PCA use (35.8 vs 45.5 h; P = 0.03)."	( Acetaminophen as an adjunct to morphine by patient-controlled analgesia in the management of acute postoperative pain. Fox, L; McGuinnety, M; Schug, SA; Sidebotham, DA; Thomas, J, 1998)	2.22
"Acetaminophen (Tylenol) can inhibit fever and some types of pain without being a particularly effective anti-inflammatory."	( A new screening method to detect water-soluble antioxidants: acetaminophen (Tylenol) and other phenols react as antioxidants and destroy peroxynitrite-based luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Qazi, N; Sacks, M; Van Dyke, K, )	1.09
"Acetaminophen may increase International Normalized Ratio (INR) in patients taking anticoagulation medication, and in patients with acetaminophen poisoning without hepatic injury. "	( Acetaminophen causes an increased International Normalized Ratio by reducing functional factor VII. Buckley, NA; Dawson, AH; Goodhew, I; Reith, DM; Seldon, M; Whyte, IM, 2000)	3.19
"Acetaminophen is a common cause of poisoning in children. "	( Is chronic poisoning with acetaminophen in children a frequent occurrence in Toronto? Bailey, B; Kapur, BM; Koren, G; Lalkin, A, 2001)	2.05

Treatment

Acetaminophen (APAP) pretreatment was significantly associated with a 14%-16% lower risk of severe and any-stage acute kidney injury but similar risks of kidney replacement therapy and in-hospital mortality. The drug increased levels of ALT and AST, changed hepatic histopathology, promoted oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Acetaminophen treatment obviously increased the levels of ALT and AST, changed hepatic histopathology, promoted oxidative stress, decreased antioxidant enzyme activities, and elevated the pro-inflammatory cytokines."	( Echinacoside alleviates acetaminophen-induced liver injury by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in mice. Chen, C; Li, B; Thida, M; Zhang, X, 2021)	1.65
"Acetaminophen treatment was significantly associated with a 14%-16% lower risk of severe and any-stage acute kidney injury but similar risks of kidney replacement therapy and in-hospital mortality."	( Early Postoperative Acetaminophen Administration and Severe Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery. Jia, Y; Sessler, DI; Wu, X; Xiong, C; Yan, F; Yuan, S; Zhao, Y, 2023)	1.96
"Acetaminophen pretreatment did not add analgesia any more than that of placebo. "	( Can Acetaminophen Pretreatment Decrease the Pain Associated With Closed Nasal Bone Reduction? A Triple-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Aghazadeh, K; Firouzifar, M; Mousavi-Asl, B; Safaeyan, M; Sohrabpour, S, 2021)	2.62
"Acetaminophen (APAP)-treated wild-type and FXR knockout mice were used to investigate the functional dependence of the effects of the selected DHPs on FXR."	( Structural basis for the hepatoprotective effects of antihypertensive 1,4-dihydropyridine drugs. Guo, F; Jin, L; Li, Y; Lu, Y; Wang, Y; Wei, Y; Xu, S; Yao, B; Zheng, W; Zhu, Y, 2018)	1.2
"In acetaminophen-treated mice we detected flow reduction localized to pericentral regions."	( A simple automated method for continuous fieldwise measurement of microvascular hemodynamics. Clendenon, JL; Clendenon, SG; Dunn, KW; Filson, AJ; Fu, X; Glazier, JA; Klaunig, JE; Mang, H; Martinez, M; Sluka, JP; Von Hoene, RA; Winfree, S, 2019)	1.03
"Acetaminophen treatment was found to trigger an oxidative stress in liver, leading to an increase of serum marker enzymes."	( Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of Pouteria campechiana on acetaminophen-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. Ananth, DA; Aseervatham, GS; Christabel, PH; Jeyadevi, R; Sasikumar, JM; Sivasudha, T, 2014)	1.36
"Acetaminophen treatment decreased renal lipid deposition, ER-stress related signaling, apoptosis and albuminuria."	( Acetaminophen attenuates obesity-related renal injury through ER-mediated stress mechanisms. Arvapalli, R; Blough, E; Dai, X; Driscoll, H; Mahmood, M; Rice, KM; Wang, C; Wu, M, 2014)	2.57
"Acetaminophen (APAP) pretreatment with a hepatotoxic dose (400 mg/kg) in mice results in resistance to a second, higher dose (600 mg/kg) of APAP (APAP autoprotection). "	( Tolerance to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in the mouse model of autoprotection is associated with induction of flavin-containing monooxygenase-3 (FMO3) in hepatocytes. Goedken, MJ; Gurevich, I; Hines, RN; Manautou, JE; Rasmussen, T; Rohrer, PR; Rudraiah, S, 2014)	2.21
"Acetaminophen treatment significantly elevated both alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities; however, the pre-intake of G."	( Preventive effect of Ganoderma amboinense on acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. Hsu, CC; Lin, KY; Lin, WL; Wang, ZH; Yin, MC, 2008)	1.33
"Acetaminophen-treated dogs regained a significantly greater fraction of baseline function after high concentrations of H(2)O(2) than vehicle-treated dogs."	( Acetaminophen is cardioprotective against H2O2-induced injury in vivo. Baliga, SS; Golfetti, R; Hadzimichalis, NM; Jaques-Robinson, KM; Merrill, GF, 2008)	2.51
"Acetaminophen treatment significantly depleted hepatic GSH and ascorbic acid levels, increased hepatic level of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), as well as decreased hepatic activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P < 0.05)."	( Protective effects from carnosine and histidine on acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Chen, HC; Chen, HT; Wu, ST; Yan, SL; Yin, MC, 2009)	1.33
"Acetaminophen treatment had a positive inotropic effect on cardiac function."	( Acetaminophen combinations protect against iron-induced cardiac damage in gerbils. Blough, ER; Dornon, L; Laurino, JP; Morrison, RG; Rice, KM; Studeny, M; Walker, EM; Walker, SM; Wehner, PS; Wu, M, 2009)	2.52
"Acetaminophen treatment increased both the cytosolic and mitochondria-associated P-JNK levels, but the c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling inhibitor SP600125 was hepatoprotective in wildtype mice only, indicating that the JNK pathway may not be critically involved in the absence of CypD."	( Acetaminophen overdose-induced liver injury in mice is mediated by peroxynitrite independently of the cyclophilin D-regulated permeability transition. Boelsterli, UA; LoGuidice, A, 2011)	2.53
"Acetaminophen treatment upregulates VEGF, PEDF and PACAP in brain endothelial cells exposed to oxidative stress."	( Age-related decrease in cerebrovascular-derived neuroprotective proteins: effect of acetaminophen. Grammas, P; Martinez, J; Sanchez, A; Tripathy, D; Yin, X, 2012)	1.32
"In acetaminophen-treated group, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total oxidant status (TOS) in the blood, prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR) were significantly increased when compared with controls. "	( N-Acetyl cysteine and erdosteine treatment in acetaminophen-induced liver damage. Baltaci, D; Colakoglu, S; Kandis, H; Kara, IH; Karakus, A; Kaya, H; Memisogullari, R; Saritas, A; Yildirim, U, 2014)	1.28
"Acetaminophen-treated mice consistently displayed signs characteristic of FHF, including elevated plasma aminotransferase activity."	( Decreased factor VIII levels during acetaminophen-induced murine fulminant hepatic failure. Doering, CB; Lollar, P; Nichols, CE; Parker, ET, 2003)	1.32
"Acetaminophen treatment of HepG2 cells caused oxidative damage and apoptosis."	( N-acetylcysteine does not protect HepG2 cells against acetaminophen-induced apoptosis. Hirsh, M; Iancu, TC; Manov, I, 2004)	1.29
"Acetaminophen treatment caused a significant (P < 0.05-0.001) decrease in GSH levels whereas MDA levels and MPO activity were increased in both tissues."	( Protective effects of MESNA (2-mercaptoethane sulphonate) against acetaminophen-induced hepatorenal oxidative damage in mice. Ayanoğlu-Dülger, G; Cetinel, S; Gedik, N; Sehirli, O; Sener, G; Yeğen, BG, )	1.09
"Acetaminophen treatment significantly depleted glutathione content, increased oxidation stress and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities (P < 0.05); however, the intake of SAC or SPC significantly alleviated glutathione depletion and the elevation of ALT and AST, enhanced glutathione peroxidase activity, and lowered malondialdehyde formation (P < 0.05)."	( Protective effect of s-allyl cysteine and s-propyl cysteine on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Hsu, CC; Liao, TS; Lin, CC; Yin, MC, 2006)	1.29
"The acetaminophen group was treated with antibiotics (amoxicillin-clavulonic acid), acetaminophen and placebo, acetaminophen-plus-honey group was treated with antibiotics (amoxicillin-clavulonic acid), acetaminophen, and honey. "	( Can postoperative pains following tonsillectomy be relieved by honey? A prospective, randomized, placebo controlled preliminary study. Elhan, AH; Genc, S; Ozlugedik, S; Tezer, M; Titiz, A; Unal, A, 2006)	0.89
"Acetaminophen-treated hearts showed a significant decrease in late stage apoptotic myocytes compared with vehicle-treated hearts following injury (58 +/- 1 vs."	( Acetaminophen-mediated cardioprotection via inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore-induced apoptotic pathway. Baliga, SS; Firestein, BL; Golfetti, R; Hadzimichalis, NM; Jaques, KM; Merrill, GF, 2007)	2.5
"acetaminophen pretreatment on the propofol injection pain."	( Efficacy of intravenous acetaminophen and lidocaine on propofol injection pain. Arun, O; Canbay, O; Celebi, N; Karagöz, AH; Ozgen, S; Saricaoğlu, F, 2008)	1.37
"Acetaminophen pretreatment decreases the sulfate availability, but results in many side effects that complicate the analysis of the results."	( Sulfation and glucuronidation as competing pathways in the metabolism of hydroxamic acids: the role of N,O-sulfonation in chemical carcinogenesis of aromatic amines. Meerman, JH; Mulder, GJ, 1983)	0.99
"Acetaminophen plus FeSO4 treatment of mice significantly increased serum alanine aminotransferase levels at 2, 4, and 6 h compared to controls."	( Mechanism of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity: covalent binding versus oxidative stress. Gibson, JD; Hinson, JA; Pumford, NR; Samokyszyn, VM, )	1.22
"Some acetaminophen-treated male mice showed a significant elevation in serum levels of the hepatic enzyme alanine aminotransferase at a normally non-hepatotoxic oral dose."	( Increased basal expression of hepatic Cyp1a1 and Cyp1a2 genes in inbred mice selected for susceptibility to acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Casley, WL; Girard, M; Menzies, JA; Moon, TW; Mousseau, N; Whitehouse, LW, 1997)	0.96
"In acetaminophen-treated mice serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 779 +/- 271 at 2 h, 7421 +/- 552 IU/l at 4 h, 5732 +/- 523 IU/l at 8 h, and 5984 +/- 497 IU/l at 24 h."	( Deferoxamine delays the development of the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in mice. Bucci, TJ; Hinson, JA; Kusewitt, DF; Pumford, NR; Schnellmann, JG, 1999)	1.06
"Acetaminophen was the treatment of choice for 96% and dipyrone for 4%."	( Parental knowledge of the treatment of fever in children. Barzilai, A; Davidovitch, N; Eisen, I; Kaplan, G; Linder, N; Sirota, L; Snapir, A, 1999)	1.02
"Acetaminophen treatment increased the plasma levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase and caused hepatic DNA fragmentation and hepatocyte necrosis."	( Role of taurine in preventing acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury in the rat. Bouchier-Hayes, D; Kay, E; Redmond, HP; Wang, JH; Waters, E; Wu, QD, 2001)	1.32
"Acetaminophen-treated hearts regained a significantly greater fraction of baseline, preischemia control function during reperfusion than vehicle-treated hearts."	( Acetaminophen and low-flow myocardial ischemia: efficacy and antioxidant mechanisms. Merrill, GF, 2002)	2.48
"Acetaminophen treatment alone caused mitochondrial cytochrome c release, depletion of the hepatic ATP content by 55%, and a 10-fold increase in mitochondrial glutathione disulfide levels."	( Acetaminophen-induced inhibition of Fas receptor-mediated liver cell apoptosis: mitochondrial dysfunction versus glutathione depletion. Jaeschke, H; Knight, TR, 2002)	2.48
"of acetaminophen, was treated with oral N-acetylcysteine."	( Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity and malnutrition. Bargman, GJ; Newman, TJ, 1979)	2.22
"Acetaminophen pretreatment did not decrease the threshold dose of toxicity for thioacetamide but did accentuate hepatotoxic doses."	( Potentiation of the toxicity of model hepatotoxicants by acetaminophen. Moore, L; Wright, PB, 1991)	1.25
"Acetaminophen treatment significantly increased antipyrine half-life by 29% and reduced its clearance by 24%, without affecting its volume of distribution."	( Influence of acetaminophen on antipyrine kinetics in rats. Descotes, J; Sauveur, C; Vial, T, 1990)	1.37
"Acetaminophen treatment resulted in a twofold increase in macrophage yields from the liver compared with controls."	( Potential role of activated macrophages in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. I. Isolation and characterization of activated macrophages from rat liver. Laskin, DL; Pilaro, AM, 1986)	1.26
"Acetaminophen pretreatment caused a threefold increase in phenytoin-induced fetal cleft palates without increasing resorptions."	( Pharmacological studies on the potentiation of phenytoin teratogenicity by acetaminophen. Lum, JT; Wells, PG, 1986)	1.22
"Pigs treated with acetaminophen survived with no obvious hemodynamic instability during the 50-min observation period."	( ACETAMINOPHEN ATTENUATES PULMONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE AND PULMONARY ARTERIAL PRESSURE AND INHIBITS CARDIOVASCULAR COLLAPSE IN A PORCINE MODEL OF ENDOTOXEMIA. Bergström, A; Chew, MS; Elander, L; Engblom, D; Larsson, A; Lipcsey, M; Yang, B, 2023)	2.68
"Late treatment with acetaminophen to avoid surgery for pPDA is associated with reduced ligation but no difference in death/NDI, supporting the safety and effectiveness of this approach."	( Is late treatment with acetaminophen safe and effective in avoiding surgical ligation among extremely preterm neonates with persistent patent ductus arteriosus? Banihani, R; Jain, A; Jasani, B; Martins, FF; Mashally, S; Nield, LE; Weisz, DE, 2021)	1.26
"Treatment with acetaminophen significantly elevated the levels of inflammatory cytokines by hES-HLCs."	( Prediction of drug-induced immune-mediated hepatotoxicity using hepatocyte-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Cho, EB; Han, YM; Jang, MJ; Jeong, WI; Kim, DE; Kim, E; Kim, MY; Kim, S; Kim, Y; Kim, YR; Lee, JY; Lee, SH, 2017)	0.79
"Pain treatment with acetaminophen was not inferior to that with diclofenac or the combination of acetaminophen and diclofenac in acute minor musculoskeletal extremity trauma, both in rest and with movement."	( Acetaminophen or Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Acute Musculoskeletal Trauma: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Clinical Trial. Goddijn, H; Goslings, JC; Hollmann, MW; Kemper, EM; Lirk, P; Ridderikhof, ML; Schinkel, E; Van Dieren, S; Vandewalle, E, 2018)	2.25
"Treatment with acetaminophen (15 μg/ml), a specific hemoprotein reductant, prevented CFH-dependent permeability in human lungs (P = 0.046) and hPMVECs (P = 0.037)."	( Cell-free hemoglobin promotes primary graft dysfunction through oxidative lung endothelial injury. Bastarache, JA; Cantu, E; Christie, JD; Crespo, MM; Dhillon, G; Diamond, JM; Hage, CA; Kawut, SM; Kuck, JL; Lama, VN; Landstreet, SR; Lederer, DJ; McDyer, J; McNeil, JB; Miller, A; Nagata, H; Orens, JB; Palmer, SM; Porteous, MK; Shah, PD; Shaver, CM; Ware, LB; Weinacker, A; Wickersham, N; Wille, KM, 2018)	0.82
"The treatment with acetaminophen must be interrupted and acetylcysteine should be administered."	( [Metabolic Acidosis under Acetaminophen Intake - an Unordinary Side Effect]. Böttcher, A; Hitzing, S; Laube, M, 2018)	1.1
"Treatment of acetaminophen (APAP) in overdose can cause a potentially serious and fatal liver injury. "	( Fine-tuning the expression of microRNA-155 controls acetaminophen-induced liver inflammation. Liang, W; Lv, L; Wang, P; Yuan, K; Zhang, J; Zhang, X, 2016)	1.05
"Treatment with acetaminophen resulted in a significant increase in mean systolic (from 122.4±11.9 to 125.3±12.0 mm Hg P=0.02 versus placebo) and diastolic (from 73.2±6.9 to 75.4±7.9 mm Hg P=0.02 versus placebo) ambulatory blood pressures."	( Acetaminophen increases blood pressure in patients with coronary artery disease. Corti, R; Enseleit, F; Flammer, AJ; Gay, S; Haile, SR; Hermann, M; Hirt, A; Holzmeister, J; Hurlimann, D; Kaiser, P; Landmesser, U; Lüscher, TF; Mocharla, P; Neidhart, M; Noll, G; Nussberger, J; Périat, D; Ruschitzka, F; Sudano, I; Vanhoutte, PM; Wolfrum, M, 2010)	2.14
"Treatment with acetaminophen significantly elevated levels of plasma GOT and GPT as well as hepatic TBARS but reduced hepatic GSH levels in CO compared to OO and BT groups. "	( Dietary saturated and monounsaturated fats protect against acute acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by altering fatty acid composition of liver microsomal membrane in rats. Chang, YH; Chung, H; Hwang, HJ; Hwang, J; Kim, SY; Park, JH; Shim, E, 2011)	0.96
"Treatment with acetaminophen induced formation of autophagosomes in hepatocytes from wild-type mice, but not in Atg7-deficient mice. "	( Loss of autophagy promotes murine acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Fukada, H; Igusa, Y; Ikejima, K; Inami, Y; Izumi, K; Komatsu, M; Tanaka, K; Watanabe, S; Yamashina, S, 2012)	1.01
"Pretreatment with acetaminophen induced growth response, weaker than that of growth factors, but pretreatment and growth factors reduced cell damage equally effectively."	( Autoprotection against acetaminophen toxicity in cultured rat hepatocytes: the effect of pretreatment and growth factors. Dich, J; Grunnet, N; Tygstrup, N, 2003)	0.95
"Treatment with acetaminophen did not impact maternal temperature curves."	( Prophylactic acetaminophen does not prevent epidural fever in nulliparous women: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Citron, DR; Evans, T; Goetzl, L; Lieberman, E; Richardson, BE; Rivers, J; Suresh, MS, 2004)	1.03
"Treatment of acetaminophen poisoning consists of preventing gastrointestinal absorption of the drug, use of the antidote N-acetylcysteine and supportive care."	( Management of acetaminophen toxicity. Fuller, SH; Larsen, LC, 1996)	1.01
"Mice treated with acetaminophen plus gadolinium chloride, or acetaminophen plus dextran sulfate, had significantly less evidence of hepatotoxicity as evidenced by lower serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (28 +/- 1 IU/L and 770 +/- 240 IU/L, respectively) at 8 hours compared with acetaminophen (6,380 +/- 408 IU/L)."	( Pretreatment of mice with macrophage inactivators decreases acetaminophen hepatotoxicity and the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Hinson, JA; Mayeux, PR; Michael, SL; Niesman, MR; Pumford, NR, 1999)	0.87
"Treatment with acetaminophen ameliorates subjective symptoms induced by endotoxemia without compromising the humoral response of a subject to endotoxin."	( Acetaminophen has greater antipyretic efficacy than aspirin in endotoxemia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Bieglmayer, C; Eichler, HG; Jilma, B; Kapiotis, S; Pernerstorfer, T; Schmid, R, 1999)	2.09
"Treatment with acetaminophen 2.5 h before Jo inhibited the increase in hepatic caspase-3 activity by preventing the processing of the proenzyme."	( Acetaminophen-induced inhibition of Fas receptor-mediated liver cell apoptosis: mitochondrial dysfunction versus glutathione depletion. Jaeschke, H; Knight, TR, 2002)	2.1
"Mice treated with acetaminophen exhibited decreased glutathione peroxidase activity, decreased thioltransferase activity, and decreased adenine nucleotide concentrations in the liver."	( Acetaminophen-induced oxidation of protein thiols. Contribution of impaired thiol-metabolizing enzymes and the breakdown of adenine nucleotides. Nelson, SD; Tirmenstein, MA, 1990)	2.05
"The treatment with acetaminophen and Cd lasted 2 and 10 months, respectively."	( Potentiation of cadmium nephrotoxicity by acetaminophen. Amor, AO; Bernard, AM; de Russis, R; Lauwerys, RR, 1988)	0.86

Toxicity

Acetaminophen-induced liver injury is a type of injury in which the initial toxic injury is followed by innate immune activation. nitrotyrosine protein adducts (3-NT), a hallmark of peroxynitrite production, were colocalized with necrotic hepatic centrilobular regions.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This indicates less conjugation of the toxic metabolites of paracetamol and bromobenzene to liver glutathione (G-SH) in the presence of DMSO."	( Antidotal effects of dimethyl sulphoxide against paracetamol-, bromobenzene-, and thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity. Siegers, CP, 1978)	0.26
"The toxic and carcinogenic effects of many compounds depend on their activation to reactive molecules in the cytochrome P-450 system of the endoplasmic reticulum of cells."	( Diet, DDT, and the toxicity of drugs and chemicals. McLean, AE, 1977)	0.26
" To be effective, antidotal therapy must be given early after acetaminophen ingestion when the patient, despite the toxic injury occurring in his liver, may appear quite well."	( Liver toxicity after acetaminophen ingestion. Inadequacy of the dose estimate as an index of risk. Alexander, M; Ambre, J, 1977)	0.82
" Toxicity is likely to occur after a minimum ingestion of 140 mg/kg, but the toxic dose may vary as a function of individual glutathione levels."	( Toxicity of acetaminophen overdose. Peterson, RG; Rumack, BH, 1978)	0.64
" It is concluded that haemoperfusion through this column is a safe and simple procedure, which merits evaluation in the treatment of severe drug overdose in man."	( The safety assessment in the dog of a charcoal haemoperfusion column. Fennimore, J; Kolthammer, JC; Lang, S; Watson, PA, 1976)	0.26
" In this model low concentrations (10(-8) to 10(-14) M) of iloprost, a stable analogue of prostacyclin, offered protection against the toxic effects of paracetamol."	( Paracetamol toxicity and its prevention by cytoprotection with iloprost. Boobis, AR; Davies, DS; Fawthrop, DJ; Hardwick, SJ; Nasseri-Sina, P; Wilson, JW, 1992)	0.28
"1 The ability of iloprost (ZK36374) to protect hamster isolated hepatocytes from the toxic effects of paracetamol and its reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NABQI) was investigated."	( Cytoprotection by iloprost against paracetamol-induced toxicity in hamster isolated hepatocytes. Boobis, AR; Davies, DS; Fawthrop, DJ; Nasseri-Sina, P; Wilson, J, 1992)	0.28
" Liver slices from rats fed butter diets were significantly more sensitive to the toxic effects of paracetamol than those from margarine fed rats."	( Effect of dietary fat on the in vitro hepatotoxicity of paracetamol. Beales, D; Henderson, L; McDanell, RE; Sethi, JK, 1992)	0.28
" We conclude that single doses of nonprescription ibuprofen are well tolerated and demonstrate a side effect profile indistinguishable from that of acetaminophen and placebo."	( Nonprescription ibuprofen: side effect profile. Dash, BH; Furey, SA; Waksman, JA, 1992)	0.48
"Acetaminophen is eliminated primarily by glucuronidation, thereby avoiding cytochrome P450-catalyzed bioactivation to a toxic reactive intermediate."	( Biotransformation and toxicity of acetaminophen in congenic RHA rats with or without a hereditary deficiency in bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. Chow, SY; de Morais, SM; Wells, PG, 1992)	2.01
" One of the mechanisms for this protection appears to be the decreased AA toxic activation via P-450, as well as increased detoxication via glucuronidation of AA."	( Protective effects of fulvotomentosides on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Jia, XS; Klaassen, CD; Liu, J; Liu, YP; Madhu, C; Mao, Q, 1992)	0.55
" Fifty-five patients (18%) had toxic paracetamol levels, 51% received treatment with NAC, including 40% of those with non-toxic levels, and 11% of those treated with NAC experienced side effects."	( Hepatotoxicity from paracetamol self-poisoning in western Sydney: a continuing challenge. Batey, RG; Brotodihardjo, AE; Byth, K; Farrell, GC, 1992)	0.28
"0 mmol/kg) alone were toxic to mice induced with benzo(a)pyrene but not to control or phenobarbitone-induced mice."	( Cysteine isopropylester protects against paracetamol-induced toxicity. Butterworth, M; Cohen, GM; Smith, LL; Upshall, DG, 1992)	0.28
" The present study has examined the effect of a toxic concentration of acetaminophen on cytosolic free calcium in single mouse hepatocytes, using the dye fura-2 and video imaging fluorescence microscopy."	( Level of cytosolic free calcium during acetaminophen toxicity in mouse hepatocytes. Burcham, PC; Harman, AW; Madsen, BW; Mahar, SO, 1992)	0.79
"N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is protective against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity primarily by providing precursor for the glutathione synthetase pathway, while cysteamine has been demonstrated to alter the cytochrome P-450 dependent formation of toxic acetaminophen metabolite."	( Cysteamine in combination with N-acetylcysteine prevents acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Brown, IR; Peterson, TC, 1992)	0.79
" In both patients starvation, due to abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting or diarrhoea, was probably contributing to the toxic effect of the drug."	( Hepatotoxicity due to repeated intake of low doses of paracetamol. Broomé, U; Eriksson, LS; Kalin, M; Lindholm, M, 1992)	0.28
" Additionally, due to malnutrition and/or to human immunodeficiency virus infection per se, our patient may have had decreased hepatic reserves of glutathione with which to conjugate the toxic acetaminophen product of the P450 system."	( Severe hepatotoxicity in a patient receiving both acetaminophen and zidovudine. Goetz, MB; Shriner, K, 1992)	0.73
" The authors hypothesized that most adolescents are naive about the toxic and lethal potential of acetaminophen in overdose."	( Acetaminophen overdose as a suicidal gesture: a survey of adolescents' knowledge of its potential for toxicity. Diaco, D; Harris, E; Moreno, A; Myers, WC; Otto, TA, 1992)	1.94
" This suggests that DEDC acts as a trap for the toxic quinoneimines, thus preventing alkylation of essential macromolecules."	( Molecular mechanism for prevention of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine cytotoxicity by the permeable thiol drugs diethyldithiocarbamate and dithiothreitol. Lauriault, VV; O'Brien, PJ, 1991)	0.28
" Following clinical observations that this drug combination induces significant adverse effects, its gastric toxicity was investigated in rats."	( Potentiation of gastric toxicity of ibuprofen by paracetamol in the rat. Bhattacharya, SK; Goel, RK; Tandon, R, 1991)	0.28
" These studies indicate that glutathione conjugation of PAP generates a metabolite that is more toxic to the kidney than the parent compound."	( Nephrotoxicity of 4-aminophenol glutathione conjugate. Foster, JR; Fowler, LM; Lock, EA; Moore, RB, 1991)	0.28
" Under conditions of vitamin A deficiency formation of acetanilide toxic metabolites was increased as a result of which excretion of mercapturic acids with urine was elevated but excess of vitamin A and its hyperdose inhibited these reactions."	( [Biotransformation and toxicity of xenobiotics in various routes of administration of vitamin A into the rat body]. Bogdanov, NG; Gutsol, VI; Pentiuk, AA, )	0.13
" N-Acetyl-m-aminophenol (AMAP) was approximately 10-fold less toxic than APAP, despite the fact that it bound covalently to a greater extent to hepatocyte macromolecules."	( Comparative cytotoxic effects of acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol), a non-hepatotoxic regioisomer acetyl-m-aminophenol and their postulated reactive hydroquinone and quinone metabolites in monolayer cultures of mouse hepatocytes. Bjørge, C; Holme, JA; Hongslo, JK; Nelson, SD, 1991)	0.56
" The percentage of APAP-glutathione conjugate was very low in all species, indicating that either very little of the toxic APAP metabolite, N-acetylbenzoquinoneimine, was formed, or in the species susceptible to N-acetylbenzoquinoneimine-induced cytotoxicity, the glutathione S-transferase activity or the amount of glutathione was low."	( Metabolism and cytotoxicity of acetaminophen in hepatocyte cultures from rat, rabbit, dog, and monkey. Amacher, DE; Higgins, CV; Smolarek, TA, )	0.42
" Sera from both rats and monkeys following gavage with acetaminophen were also toxic to cultured embryos."	( Acetaminophen toxicity to cultured rat embryos. Bruno, M; Gamache, P; Hinson, JA; Khairallah, E; Klein, NW; Weeks, BS, 1990)	1.97
" For BB, both the toxic effect and the protective influence of zinc were apparent 24 h following administration."	( Protective effect of zinc in the hepatotoxicity of bromobenzene and acetaminophen. Piotrowski, JK; Swietlicka, EA; Szymańska, JA, 1991)	0.52
"Exposure of isolated mouse hepatocytes to a toxic concentration of acetaminophen (5 mM) resulted in damage to the mitochondrial respiratory apparatus."	( Acetaminophen toxicity results in site-specific mitochondrial damage in isolated mouse hepatocytes. Burcham, PC; Harman, AW, 1991)	1.96
" The basic mechanism through which PEX reduces the liver toxicity of AAP is assumed to be the decrease in the amount of toxic metabolite formed."	( Effect of potassium ethylxanthogenate on the acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice. Dimova, S; Stoytchev, T, 1990)	0.54
"A potential side effect of paracetamol is its hepatotoxicity."	( [Paracetamol hepatotoxicity]. Lubec, G, 1990)	0.28
" Inhibition of cellular respiration as well as a lowering of cellular ATP contents and ATP/ADP ratios was associated with exposure to toxic concentrations of paracetamol."	( Mitochondrial dysfunction in paracetamol hepatotoxicity: in vitro studies in isolated mouse hepatocytes. Burcham, PC; Harman, AW, 1990)	0.28
"The hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen (APAP) overdose depends on metabolic activation to a toxic reactive metabolite via hepatic mixed function oxidase."	( Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: is there a role for prostaglandin synthesis? Ben-Zvi, Z; Danon, A; Katz, S; Weissman-Teitellman, B, 1990)	2.04
" On the other hand, sodium valproate and isoniazid was, respectively, seven and 100 times more toxic for embryos than adults, thus indicating that these pharmaceuticals might pose developmental hazards to mammalian development."	( In vitro testing for developmental toxicity using the Hydra attenuata assay. Støttum, A; Wiger, R, 1985)	0.27
" Centrilobular hepatic necrosis and elevation in transaminase activity following a toxic dose of acetaminophen were prevented by treatment with cysteamine."	( The role of heme oxygenase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in the protection by cysteamine from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Peterson, MR; Peterson, TC; Williams, CN, 1989)	0.71
" PEX in a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight, administered subcutaneously or orally one hour before AAP, or simultaneously with it, induces prolongation of the survival of the experimental animals and increases LD50 of AAP."	( Effect of potassium ethylxanthogenate on the toxicity and analgesic effect of acetaminophen. Dimova, S; Stoytchev, T, 1989)	0.51
" Analysis of the actually reported and the computer-assisted predicted data has shown that the computer-assisted predictive formula may be clinically helpful in determining if the plasma acetaminophen level is in the toxic or nontoxic range."	( Computer-assisted predictive mathematical relationship among plasma acetaminophen concentration and time and hepatotoxicity in man. Chung, SJ, 1989)	0.7
"A comparison was made among phenylpropanolamine, aspirin, acetaminophen and ibuprofen in terms of their relative safety, as measured by adverse reaction reports published since 1980, the five semiannual reports published by the Drug Abuse Warning Network during 1984-1986 and annual reports from Poison Control Centers from 1983-1986."	( A comparison of the relative safety of phenylpropanolamine, acetaminophen, ibuprofen and aspirin as measured by three compendia. Winick, C, 1989)	0.76
"142) were found to protect mice against the hepatotoxicity of paracetamol, which is due to cytochrome P-450 dependent formation of toxic metabolites and radicals."	( In vivo effects of immunostimulating lipopeptides on mouse liver microsomal cytochromes P-450 and on paracetamol-induced toxicity. Delaforge, M; Jaouen, M; Jollès, P; Mansuy, D; Migliore-Samour, D, 1989)	0.28
" However, they also increased the susceptibility of hepatocytes to paracetamol toxicity, indicating that a component of paracetamol's toxic effect involves formation of species that are detoxified by the GSH-Px/GSSG-Rd enzymes."	( A role for the glutathione peroxidase/reductase enzyme system in the protection from paracetamol toxicity in isolated mouse hepatocytes. Adamson, GM; Harman, AW, 1989)	0.28
" Collectively, the data suggest that the protective effect of cobalt chloride treatment on acetaminophen hepatotoxicity results from a combination of the suppression of the toxic pathway of cytochrome P-450 oxidation, an increase in the protective capacity of glutathione, and an enhancement of the nontoxic pathway of glucuronidation."	( The mechanisms of cobalt chloride-induced protection against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Jollow, DJ; Price, VF; Roberts, SA, )	0.59
" While the glutathione conjugating system is enhanced by selenium treatment, amelioration of acetaminophen toxicity is most likely the result of enhanced glucuronidation which effectively diverts the amount of acetaminophen to be converted by the cytochrome P-450 system to the toxic metabolite."	( Protective effects of selenium on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. Davies, MH; Merrick, BA; Park, KS; Schnell, RC; Weir, SW, 1988)	0.77
"The effects of acetaminophen and its major toxic metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), have been investigated in hepatocytes isolated from 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated and -untreated rats, respectively."	( The toxicity of acetaminophen and N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine in isolated hepatocytes is associated with thiol depletion and increased cytosolic Ca2+. Moldéus, P; Moore, G; Moore, M; Nelson, S; Orrenius, S; Thor, H, 1985)	0.97
"N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), a reactive metabolite of acetaminophen, has previously been shown to be toxic to hepatocytes freshly isolated from rat liver [Mol."	( Comparative cytotoxic effects of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine and two dimethylated analogues. Cotgreave, IA; Harvison, PJ; Moldéus, P; Nelson, SD; Porubek, DJ; Rundgren, M, 1988)	0.51
"The effect of toxic doses of acetaminophen on hepatic intracellular calcium compartmentation were studied in mice."	( Effect of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity on hepatic mitochondrial and microsomal calcium contents in mice. Burcham, PC; Harman, AW, 1988)	0.97
" This could be due to an increased activation of the drug to a toxic metabolite or to a decreased capacity to detoxify the toxic metabolite by conjugation with glutathione (GSH)."	( Glutathione deficiency in alcoholics: risk factor for paracetamol hepatotoxicity. Lauterburg, BH; Velez, ME, 1988)	0.27
" In contrast, only DEHP and BBS induced toxic renal lesions."	( The chronic hepatic or renal toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, acetaminophen, sodium barbital, and phenobarbital in male B6C3F1 mice: autoradiographic, immunohistochemical, and biochemical evidence for levels of DNA synthesis not associated with car Anderson, LM; Diwan, BA; Hagiwara, A; Lindsey, K; Ward, JM, 1988)	0.51
" FS 205-397 will offer potent analgesic and antipyretic therapy in man based on an innovative biochemical principle which eliminates the undesirable toxic effects associated with most other non-narcotic analgesics."	( FS 205-397: a new antipyretic analgesic with a paracetamol-like profile of activity but lack of acute hepatotoxicity in mice. Achini, R; Foote, RW; Römer, D, 1988)	0.27
" The toxic electrophile produced by cytochrome P-450 oxidation of acetaminophen, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine, is reduced rapidly by NADH in aqueous solution."	( Mechanism by which ethanol diminishes the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen. Nelson, SD; Slattery, JT; Thummel, KE, 1988)	0.75
" An improved method is described in which toxic APAP metabolites are generated by a purified and reconstituted cytochrome P-450 system, minimizing the amount of exogenous detoxification enzymes in the assay."	( Drug metabolite toxicity assessed in human lymphocytes with a purified, reconstituted cytochrome P-450 system. Cannon, M; Leeder, JS; Nakhooda, A; Spielberg, SP, 1988)	0.27
" This allowed potentially toxic elevations in calcium concentration to be detected as early as 2 hr after acetaminophen overdose."	( Early sustained rise in total liver calcium during acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice. Corcoran, GB; Neese, BL; Wong, BK, 1987)	0.74
" The possible causes for the injury from ostensibly nontoxic drug levels appear to be either the induction by chronic alcohol intake of the cytochrome P-450 system responsible for converting acetaminophen to a toxic metabolite, or the effect of alcoholism and the associated malnutrition in reducing the glutathione concentration, responsible normally for preventing hepatotoxicity by conjugation with the toxic metabolite."	( Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in alcoholics. A therapeutic misadventure. Adler, E; Benjamin, SB; Cuccherini, BA; Seeff, LB; Zimmerman, HJ, 1986)	1.9
"The cytotoxicity of paracetamol and of its putative toxic metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzo-quinoneimine (NABQI) have been investigated in hepatocytes from hamster, mouse, rat and human liver."	( Species differences in the hepatotoxicity of paracetamol are due to differences in the rate of conversion to its cytotoxic metabolite. Boobis, AR; Davies, DS; Seddon, CE; Tee, LB, 1987)	0.27
" Also, the effect of food deprivation of both the euthyroid and PTU-induced hypothyroid rats for 24 h, as well as forced feeding of the euthyroid rats after a toxic dose of APAP, was determined."	( Effect of nutritional status on propylthiouracil-induced protection against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in the rat. Cho, CD; Hirose, N; Raheja, KL, 1987)	0.5
" The operative status of the hepatic GSH conjugative system has an important influence on the rate of elimination of toxic APAP doses."	( Time development of distribution and toxicity following single toxic APAP doses in male BOM:NMRI mice. Ingebrigtsen, K; Jansen, JH; Nafstad, I; Skoglund, LA, 1987)	0.27
" Treatment consisted of N-acetylcysteine, ascorbic acid and DL-methionine to decrease toxic effects of the paracetamol and intravenous fluids, blood transfusion and amoxycillin as supportive treatment."	( Paracetamol toxicity in a cat. Ilkiw, JE; Ratcliffe, RC, 1987)	0.27
" Pretreatment of the mice by inducers of drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as 3-methylcholanthrene and Aroclor 1254, lowered the concentration threshold for the toxic responses."	( Species differences in cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of phenacetin and paracetamol in primary monolayer cultures of hepatocytes. Holme, JA; Søderlund, E, 1986)	0.27
" Elevated glutathione may be responsible for inhibiting covalent binding but above-normal concentrations have never been demonstrated in vivo after N-acetyl-L-cysteine treatment or separated adequately from other possible hepatoprotective actions including direct reduction of the toxic acetaminophen metabolite by the antidote."	( Role of glutathione in prevention of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by N-acetyl-L-cysteine in vivo: studies with N-acetyl-D-cysteine in mice. Corcoran, GB; Wong, BK, 1986)	0.72
" As well as its effect in reducing the formation of the reactive metabolite, DTT has a potent protective effect against the toxic processes initiated by the APAP reactive metabolite."	( Comparison of the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine, 2-mercaptopropionylglycine and dithiothreitol against acetaminophen toxicity in mouse hepatocytes. Harman, AW; Self, G, 1986)	0.48
" Since the major nontoxic pathway (glucuronide) and the toxic pathway (as measured by mercapturate) decreased to a similar extent, the data indicate that the anomalous lack of protection cannot be explained on the basis of altered metabolic disposition of the drug."	( Anomalous susceptibility of the fasted hamster to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Jollow, DJ; Miller, MG; Price, VF, 1986)	0.52
" PAR and the 3-monoalkyl derivatives were found to deplete cellular GSH to about the same extent and to be equally toxic in freshly isolated hepatocytes from 3-methylcholanthrene treated rats."	( Paracetamol, 3-monoalkyl- and 3,5-dialkyl derivatives. Comparison of their microsomal cytochrome P-450 dependent oxidation and toxicity in freshly isolated hepatocytes. De Vries, J; Debets, AJ; Kulkens, T; Van De Straat, R; Vermeulen, NP, 1986)	0.27
" Species differences in sensitivity to paracetamol toxicity were shown to be due to differences in the rate of oxidation of the drug to its toxic metabolite."	( Freshly isolated hepatocytes as a model for studying the toxicity of paracetamol. Boobis, AR; Davies, DS; Hampden, CE; Tee, LB, )	0.13
" The depression of the nontoxic glucuronidation and sulfation pathways resulted in an increased proportion of the dose converted to the toxic metabolite and, hence, contributed to the potentiation of liver injury in fasted rats."	( Mechanisms of fasting-induced potentiation of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in the rat. Jollow, DJ; Miller, MG; Price, VF, 1987)	0.53
" APAP at 7 mM was significantly more toxic to these hepatocytes and had a similar but more marked effect on glutathione concentrations."	( Acetaminophen metabolism, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity in rat primary hepatocyte cultures. Byard, JL; Milam, KM, 1985)	1.71
" Since cysteamine decreased both beta and the apparent rate constant for mercapturate formation (K'MA), the proportion of the dose of acetaminophen which is converted to the toxic metabolite (K'MA/beta) was not significantly decreased in the presence of cysteamine."	( Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: studies on the mechanism of cysteamine protection. Jollow, DJ; Miller, MG, 1986)	1.92
" These data cannot support the concept that induction of cytochrome P-450 leads to greater formation of the hypothetical toxic metabolite of acetaminophen, or that induction enhances its hepatotoxicity, in the rat."	( Phenobarbital induction does not potentiate hepatotoxicity but accelerates liver cell necrosis from acetaminophen overdose in the rat. Lerche, A; Pedersen, NT; Poulsen, HE, 1985)	0.69
" Ranitidine administration (50 mg per kg) enhanced acetaminophen hepatotoxicity throughout the toxic dose range of acetaminophen (600 to 1,000 mg per kg) and potentiation of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by ranitidine was dose-dependent."	( Ranitidine-acetaminophen interaction: effects on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in Fischer 344 rats. Dent, JG; Leonard, TB; Morgan, DG, )	0.77
" The results showed that the combination was no more toxic than paracetamol alone and, on the basis of the LD50:ED50 ratio, was less toxic by the oral than by the rectal route."	( Acute toxicity and analgesic action of a combination of buclizine, codeine and paracetamol ('Migraleve') in tablet and suppository form in rats. Behrendt, WA; Cserepes, J, 1985)	0.27
"Several xenobiotics undergo biotransformation reactions which yield reactive and potentially toxic compounds."	( The role of metabolic activation in drug toxicity. Moldéus, P; Ormstad, K, 1985)	0.27
" Whereas a toxic dose of acetaminophen administration did not effect SGOT and SGPT levels after 30 hr in PTU pretreated rats given either a single or multiple injections of DEM, the same dose of acetaminophen in the control rats raised these transaminases to a very high level."	( Prevention of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by propylthiouracil in the glutathione depleted rat. Cho, C; Linscheer, WG; Raheja, KL, 1983)	0.93
" In a double-blind, two-week, cross-over study, no clinical or laboratory evidence of adverse effects was found."	( Hepatotoxicity following the therapeutic use of antipyretic analgesics. Benson, GD, 1983)	0.27
" Since acetaminophen hepatotoxicity is increased in rats fed alcohol chronically and acute ethanol has been shown to inhibit the biotransformation of acetaminophen to reactive metabolite(s) by mixed function oxidation, we postulate that acute ethanol administration decreases acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats fed alcohol chronically by inhibiting the enhanced production of toxic metabolites."	( Interaction of acute ethanol administration with acetaminophen metabolism and toxicity in rats fed alcohol chronically. Altomare, E; Leo, MA; Lieber, CS, )	0.84
" The development of type B lactic acidosis with hypoglycemia might have been caused by a deficit in gluconeogenesis secondary to severe hepatic failure and/or a toxic metabolite of acetaminophen."	( Anion gap acidosis with hypoglycemia in acetaminophen toxicity. Schnurr, LP; Zabrodski, RM, 1984)	0.73
"Acetaminophen LD50 was two fold lower in female than male mice, the greater sensitivity of female mice for acetaminophen was also reflected in the serum enzyme levels of glutamic oxaloacetic and pyruvic transaminases (SGOT/SGPT), where the enhancement of both enzymes was higher in female than male mice."	( Sex related differences in acetaminophen toxicity in the mouse. Fearon, Z; Guerrero Munoz, F, 1984)	2.01
"Administration of tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole or of two dithiolthiones to female CD-1 mice protected against the acute toxic effects of two hepatotoxic agents, acetaminophen and carbon tetrachloride."	( Chemoprotective effects of two dithiolthiones and of butylhydroxyanisole against carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen toxicity. Ansher, SS; Bueding, E; Dolan, P, )	0.54
" We suggest that the enhancement of acetaminophen toxicity by ethanol is the result of an effect of ethanol on hepatocyte membranes which renders the cells more susceptible to toxic injury."	( Increased acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity after chronic ethanol consumption in mice. Massey, TE; McElligott, TF; Power, EM; Racz, WJ; Walker, RM, 1983)	0.94
" The mechanism of acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity has been extensively investigated, and the hepatotoxicity seems to be related to the toxic metabolites generated by biotransformation process (Gillette et al."	( The target portion of acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in rats: modification by thiol compounds. Aoto, Y; Hirayama, C; Ikeda, F; Murawaki, Y; Yamada, S, 1983)	0.91
" After riboflavin deficiency was established by determining erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient, rats in all groups were administered a toxic dose of acetaminophen (1 g/kg body weight) orally."	( Effect of riboflavin status on acetaminophen toxicity in the rat. Cho, C; Linscheer, WG; Raheja, KL; Turkki, PR, 1983)	0.75
"Using weanling mice of two different genetic strains we demonstrated a potentiation of the toxic effects of acetaminophen by prior infection with influenza B virus."	( Potentiation of the toxic effects of acetaminophen in mice by concurrent infection with influenza B virus: a possible mechanism for human Reye's syndrome? Hudak, G; MacDonald, MG; McGrath, PP; McMartin, DN; Washington, GC, 1984)	0.75
"2 ml per animal of 19% alcohol, given at 3 - 4 hours after an LD50 dose of acetaminophen, produced a 24 hour survival of 92%."	( The effect of alcohol on the toxicity of acetaminophen in mice. Banda, PW; Quart, BD, 1984)	0.76
" In contrast, no toxic effects of pHAA (less than or equal to 20 mM) could be demonstrated."	( Cytotoxic effects of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, a common arylating intermediate of paracetamol and N-hydroxyparacetamol. Dahlin, DC; Dybing, E; Holme, JA; Nelson, SD, 1984)	0.27
" Acetaminophen appeared to be less toxic to selenium-deficient hepatocytes than to controls."	( Toxicity studies in isolated hepatocytes from selenium-deficient rats and vitamin E-deficient rats. Burk, RF; Hill, KE, 1984)	1.18
" rC) depresses the cytochrome P-450 species responsible for the formation of the toxic metabolite and less reactive species are available for binding to cell macromolecules."	( The prevention of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by the interferon inducer poly(rI . rC). Dickson, G; Renton, KW, 1984)	0.6
" A toxic dose of the drug ( LD20 ) produced elevated serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase activities 20-24 hr after drug administration only in 19- and 33-day-old animals."	( Hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in neonatal and young rats. I. Age-related changes in susceptibility. Fischer, LJ; Green, MD; Shires, TK, 1984)	0.6
" In an animal model used to assess the effect of cimetidine on acetaminophen toxicity, the LD50 of acetaminophen alone in Charles River CD-1 mice was 480 mg/kg (95% confidence interval: 436-528 mg/kg)."	( Differential effect of cimetidine on drug oxidation (antipyrine and diazepam) vs. conjugation (acetaminophen and lorazepam): prevention of acetaminophen toxicity by cimetidine. Abernethy, DR; Ameer, B; Divoll, M; Greenblatt, DJ; Shader, RI, 1983)	0.72
" In conclusion, the L-1210 leukaemia seems to modify the acetaminophen hepatotoxicity and this effect might be explained by decreased acetaminophen biotransformation into toxic metabolites or intermediates."	( Influence of leukaemia on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. d'Auteuil, C; Lavigne, JG; Lavoie, JM, 1982)	0.81
"A high proportion of toxic and carcinogenic effects of chemicals develop through the pathway of lethal synthesis."	( The influence of nutrition and inducers on mechanisms of toxicity in humans and animals. McLean, AE; Tame, D; Witts, DJ, 1980)	0.26
" 6 Following overdosage of paracetamol, a toxic intermediate metabolite causes acute hepatic necrosis which may be fatal."	( Hepatotoxicity of mild analgesics. Prescott, LF, 1980)	0.26
" The rate of formation of acetaminophen sulfate was also modestly increased in diabetic animals, whereas the apparent rate of the toxic pathway was approximately equal in both normal and diabetic animals."	( Increased resistance of diabetic rats to acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Jollow, DJ; Price, VF, 1982)	0.83
" The decrease in acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity was therefore attributed to an inhibitory effect of ethanol on the biotransformation of acetaminophen to the toxic intermediate."	( Effect of a concomitant single dose of ethanol on the hepatotoxicity and metabolism of acetaminophen in mice. Paul, CJ; Solomonraj, G; Whitehouse, LW; Wong, LT, 1980)	0.82
" A significant reduction in the LD50 was seen in the alcohol-pretreated mice, and correlations were noted between histological findings in the liver and the LD50 data."	( Potentiation of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by alcohol. Holtzman, JL; Kromhout, JP; McClain, CJ; Peterson, FJ, 1980)	0.61
" The LD50 was 1025 mg/kg when given intraperitoneally (i."	( The pharmacology and toxicology of meta-substituted acetanilide I: acute toxicity of 3-hydroxyacetanilide in mice. Nelson, EB, 1980)	0.26
" These cases plus similar reports in the literature suggest that isoniazid or rifampin, or both, may potentiate the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen, perhaps by induction of cytochrome P450 isozymes that oxidize acetaminophen to its toxic metabolites."	( Hepatotoxicity associated with acetaminophen usage in patients receiving multiple drug therapy for tuberculosis. Nelson, SD; Nolan, CM; Sandblom, RE; Slattery, JT; Thummel, KE, 1994)	0.78
" stocksianum did not produce any lethality or adverse effects in the livers of treated mice."	( Effect of Teucrium stocksianum on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Ali, BH; Bashir, AK; Rasheed, RA, 1995)	0.29
"Acetaminophen is a mild analgesic and antipyretic agent that is safe and effective when taken in therapeutic doses."	( Modulation of macrophage functioning abrogates the acute hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen. Gardner, CR; Jollow, DJ; Laskin, DL; Price, VF, 1995)	1.96
" PSP did not reverse the depletion of total glutathione (GSH+GSSG) by the toxic dose of paracetamol."	( Effect of polysaccharide peptide (PSP) on glutathione and protection against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. Chiu, LC; Ooi, VE; Yeung, JH, 1994)	0.29
" Nimesulide 50 mg and 100 mg were generally well-tolerated but at the highest dose level, nimesulide 200 mg, the incidence of adverse events was greater although not significantly."	( Multi-centre double-blind study to define the most favourable dose of nimesulide in terms of efficacy/safety ratio in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Bourgeois, P; Dreiser, RL; Lequesne, MG; Macciocchi, A; Monti, T, 1994)	0.29
" These studies in part led to a more thorough description of possible adverse effects or even restrictions for use."	( OTC pharmaceuticals and genotoxicity testing: the paracetamol, anthraquinone, and griseofulvin cases. Kasper, P; Müller, L, 1995)	0.29
" These data suggest that APAP has a dual toxic effect on MVh2E1-9 cells: a P450-independent antiproliferative effect and the CYP2E1-dependent cytotoxic effect."	( Cytotoxicity of acetaminophen in human cytochrome P4502E1-transfected HepG2 cells. Cederbaum, AI; Dai, Y, 1995)	0.64
"Infusion-related adverse events (IRAEs) such as nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, and thrombophlebitis that are associated with amphotericin B therapy often lead clinicians to prescribe a number of adjunctive pretreatment medications in an attempt to reduce the incidence and severity of these events."	( Pretreatment regimens for adverse events related to infusion of amphotericin B. Cleary, JD; Goodwin, SD; Grasela, TH; Taylor, JW; Walawander, CA, 1995)	0.29
" This further suggests that renal, rather than hepatic, biotransformation of APAP to a toxic electrophile is central to APAP-induced nephrotoxicity in the mouse."	( Gender-related differences in susceptibility to acetaminophen-induced protein arylation and nephrotoxicity in the CD-1 mouse. Cohen, SD; Hart, SG; Hoivik, DJ; Khairallah, EA; Manautou, JE; Tveit, A, 1995)	0.55
" Valproate caused a dose-dependent increase in leakage of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), and glycine prevented this toxic response."	( Effect of glycine on valproate toxicity in rat hepatocytes. Gray, PD; Tolman, KG; Vance, MA, )	0.13
" Results of qualitative and quantitative covalent binding of tienilic acid metabolite(s) to human liver microsomes were then compared to those obtained with two drugs leading to direct toxic hepatitis, namely, acetaminophen and chloroform."	( Specificity of in vitro covalent binding of tienilic acid metabolites to human liver microsomes in relationship to the type of hepatotoxicity: comparison with two directly hepatotoxic drugs. Ballet, F; Beaune, PH; Bonierbale, E; Catinot, R; Challine, D; Dansette, PM; Gautier, JC; Lecoeur, S; Mansuy, D; Valadon, P, )	0.32
"When administered four hours after a toxic dose of acetaminophen, 4-methylpyrazole significantly inhibits hepatotoxicity in the rat, as reflected by lower levels of serum transaminases and lesser degrees of hepatic necrosis."	( 4-Methylpyrazole blocks acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in the rat. Baevsky, RH; Brennan, RJ; DelVecchio, JA; Lefevre, R; Mankes, RF; Raccio-Robak, N; Zink, BJ, 1994)	0.85
"To evaluate the effects of acetaminophen on the incidence of adverse effects to, and the immunogenicity of, whole-virus influenza vaccine in health care workers."	( Effects of acetaminophen on adverse effects of influenza vaccination in health care workers. Aoki, FY; Cheang, M; Hammond, GW; Murdzak, C; Seklà, LH; Wright, B; Yassi, A, 1993)	0.97
" Prednisolone pretreatment resulted in decreased covalent binding of the toxic metabolite in vivo and an increased urinary excretion of glutathione-derived conjugates of acetaminophen, indicating an enhanced detoxification of the reactive metabolite by glutathione."	( Prednisolone stimulates hepatic glutathione synthesis in mice. Protection by prednisolone against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in vivo. Lauterburg, BH; Schranz, C; Speck, RF, 1993)	0.7
" Formation of the acetaminophen toxic metabolite, as measured by glutathione conjugate formation, was much lower in rat slices compared with hamster slices."	( Predictive value of liver slices for metabolism and toxicity in vivo: use of acetaminophen as a model hepatotoxicant. Adams, PE; Beyer, J; deGraffenried, LA; Hall, GL; Miller, MG, 1993)	0.85
" Isoniazid induces the cytochrome P-450 system, resulting in increased metabolism of acetaminophen, formation of toxic metabolites, depletion of glutathione stores, and subsequent hepatocellular injury."	( Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: potentiation by isoniazid. Crippin, JS, 1993)	1.95
" In addition, immunohistochemical studies indicated that toxic concentrations of acetaminophen which altered the endoplasmic reticulum helped maintain cytochrome P450 1A1 in liver cells from beta-naphthoflavone-induced trout."	( Acetaminophen toxicity in cultured trout liver cells. I. Morphological alterations and effects on cytochrome P450 1A1. Blair, JB; Hinton, DE; Miller, MR; Pack, D; Wentz, E, 1993)	1.95
" Hepatocellular damage is probably caused by accumulation of the toxic intermediate metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine when hepatic glutathione stores are depleted."	( Management of acetaminophen toxicity. Fuller, SH; Larsen, LC, 1996)	0.65
" Across all 48 studies, 83% of both the NAP- and placebo-treated patients reported no adverse events."	( Safety profile of over-the-counter naproxen sodium. Bartziek, RD; DeArmond, B; Francisco, CA; Halladay, S; Huang, FY; Lin, JS; Skare, KL, )	0.13
" Thinking that biliary tract obstructions hould increases drugs toxicity because interferes toxic substances excretion or it modify the activity of P-450 we decided to study acetaminophen toxicity in rats with biliary tract obstruction."	( [Effects of cholestasis on hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in rats]. Fernández, L; Mago, A; Morales de Martínez, A; Salas Coll, CA; Torrealba de Ron, AT, )	0.58
" Studies of the relationship between genotoxicity and toxic effects in the rat (induction of micronuclei in rat bone marrow including dose-response relationship, biotransformation of paracetamol at different dosages, concomitant toxicity and biochemical markers) have recently been completed."	( Series: current issues in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, No. 65. The genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of paracetamol: a regulatory (re)view. Bergman, K; Müller, L; Teigen, SW, 1996)	0.29
"The aim of this study was an experimental assessment of the influence of caffeine on the symptoms of the toxic action of paracentamol in mice as well as a detailed analysis if paracetamol pharmacokinetics in men receiving caffeine at the same time."	( [Influence of caffeine on toxicity and pharmacokinetics of paracetamol]. Raińska-Giezek, T, 1995)	0.29
" While AAP caused a 117-fold elevation of serum transaminase activities in mice kept on a standard laboratory diet, which was significantly exacerbated by ethanol and inhibited by nicotinic acid amide (NAA), adverse effects were noted in animals fed a diet free of precursors of NAD."	( Influence of diet free of NAD-precursors on acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice. Altrichter, S; Dietrich, A; Ehrlich, W; Grätz, R; Klewer, M; Kröger, H; Kurpisz, M; Miesel, R, 1996)	0.56
"The sum pain intensity difference (efficacy analysis) and the proportion of patients reporting a side effect (safety analysis)."	( Analgesic efficacy and safety of paracetamol-codeine combinations versus paracetamol alone: a systematic review. de Craen, AJ; Di Giulio, G; Kessels, AG; Kleijnen, J; Lampe-Schoenmaeckers, JE, 1996)	0.29
" In the multidose studies the proportion of patients reporting a side effect was significantly higher with paracetamol-codeine combinations."	( Analgesic efficacy and safety of paracetamol-codeine combinations versus paracetamol alone: a systematic review. de Craen, AJ; Di Giulio, G; Kessels, AG; Kleijnen, J; Lampe-Schoenmaeckers, JE, 1996)	0.29
"The hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen overdose depends on the metabolic activation to a toxic reactive metabolite by the hepatic mixed function oxidases."	( Effect of nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem and trifluoperazine on acetaminophen toxicity in mice. Dimova, S; Koleva, M; Rangelova, D; Stoythchev, T, 1995)	0.84
" When administered 1 hour prior to, immediately after, or 20 minutes after a toxic dose of APAP, DASO2 at a dose of 25 mg/kg completely protected mice from development of hepatotoxicity, as indicated by liver histopathology and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels."	( Protective effect of diallyl sulfone against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Lee, MJ; Lin, MC; Patten, C; Reuhl, KR; Wang, EJ; Xiao, F; Yang, CS, 1996)	0.55
" This profile of hematologic adverse effects associated with acetaminophen toxicity has not been reported previously."	( Agranulocytosis, plasmacytosis, and thrombocytosis followed by a leukemoid reaction due to acute acetaminophen toxicity. Celik, I; Dündar, SV; Gürsoy, M; Haznedaroğlu, IC; Ozcebe, OI; Sayinalp, N, )	0.59
"Acetaminophen is toxic in overdose and even at routine therapeutic doses in glutathione-deficient populations such as alcoholics and AIDS patients."	( Acetaminophen toxicity is substantially reduced by beta-carotene in mice. Baranowitz, SA; Maderson, PF, 1995)	3.18
"Research into the pathogenesis of acetaminophen (paracetamol)-induced hepatotoxicity has concentrated on the generation of toxic metabolites by the hepatocytes."	( Role of macrophages in acetaminophen (paracetamol)-induced hepatotoxicity. Breach, CS; Brown, IN; Goldin, RD; Ratnayaka, ID; Wickramasinghe, SN, 1996)	0.88
" In rat liver slices a concentration of 5 mM 4-HPA killed approximately 50% of hepatocytes after 6 hr of incubation, whereas acetaminophen was not toxic at concentrations up to 50 mM."	( Metabolism and toxicity of 4-hydroxyphenylacetone in rat liver slices: comparison with acetaminophen. London, R; Perera, K; Thompson, DC, 1996)	0.72
" Analysis of protein adducts indicated that after toxic doses, acetaminophen covalently bound at high levels to cysteine residues on a relatively small number of hepatic proteins."	( Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Analysis of total covalent binding vs. specific binding to cysteine. Hinson, JA; Matthews, AM; Pumford, NR; Roberts, DW, 1996)	1.98
" Twenty-eight patients (39%) had severe liver toxic effects, and six of them underwent liver transplantation."	( Outcome of acetaminophen overdose in pediatric patients and factors contributing to hepatotoxicity. Ament, ME; Berquist, W; Davis, J; Gugig, R; Heyman, MB; McDiarmid, S; Rivera-Penera, T; Rosenthal, P; Vargas, J, 1997)	0.69
" The results of these studies demonstrated that CS-mediated protection is not selective for a particular species, organ system or toxic chemical."	( Cholesteryl hemisuccinate treatment protects rodents from the toxic effects of acetaminophen, adriamycin, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and galactosamine. Fariss, MW; Lippman, HR; Mumaw, VR; Ray, SD, 1997)	0.52
" Furthermore, paracetamol hepatotoxicity is induced in rats and the activity of specific cytochrome P450 forms, involved in the metabolic activation of paracetamol to the toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) is examined, after the administration of guaiazulene, using diagnostic cytochrome P450 substrates."	( Effect of guaiazulene on some cytochrome P450 activities. Implication in the metabolic activation and hepatotoxicity of paracetamol. Kourounakis, AP; Kourounakis, PN; Rekka, EA, )	0.13
" These data together with histopathological results, clearly showed that the inducible GSH system in weanling rat liver act as a safe guard against APAP toxicity."	( Role of glutathione conjugation in protection of weanling rat liver against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Allameh, A; Vansoun, EY; Zarghi, A, 1997)	0.53
" Serum ALT levels were measured at 24 hours after a toxic but nonlethal dose of ACP that insured 48 hour survival of the animals."	( Protection against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by L-CySSME and its N-acetyl and ethyl ester derivatives. Cohen, JF; Nagasawa, HT; Rathbun, WB; Shoeman, DW, 1996)	0.62
" Understanding the former provides explanations for the toxic interactions which may occur with alcohol or other xenobiotics, while understanding of the latter led to the development of antidotes for the treatment of acute poisoning."	( Selective protein arylation and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Cohen, SD; Khairallah, EA, )	0.41
" When PEITC (19-150 micromol/kg) was given to mice intragastrically 1 hr before or immediately prior to a toxic dose of APAP, the APAP-induced hepatotoxicity was significantly decreased or was completely prevented."	( Effects of phenethyl isothiocyanate on acetaminophen metabolism and hepatotoxicity in mice. Chen, L; Li, Y; Reuhl, KR; Stein, AP; Wang, EJ; Yang, CS, 1997)	0.57
" There were no adverse reactions in either group."	( [Comparative, randomized, parallel clinical study of the effectiveness and safety of aceclofenac vs. paracetamol in the treatment of viral pharyngoamygdalitis]. Conti, M, 1997)	0.3
" This study examines whether acetaminophen is toxic to sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC), which might lead to microcirculatory disruption."	( Sinusoidal endothelial cells as a target for acetaminophen toxicity. Direct action versus requirement for hepatocyte activation in different mouse strains. Bart, JA; DeLeve, LD; Kaplowitz, N; Shulman, HM; van der Hoek, A; Wang, X, 1997)	0.85
" No adverse sequelae developed in the three viable infants."	( Placental transfer of N-acetylcysteine following human maternal acetaminophen toxicity. Bearer, CF; Dart, RC; Gupta, U; Horowitz, RS; Jarvie, DR, 1997)	0.54
" Fischer-344 rats, which are susceptible to APAP nephrotoxicity, have two toxic metabolic pathways involving cytochrome P450-dependent oxidation of APAP to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) and P450-independent deacetylation of APAP to p-aminophenol (PAP)."	( Enhanced nephrotoxicity of acetaminophen in fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemic rats: contribution of oxidation and deacetylation of acetaminophen to an enhancement of nephrotoxicity. Doi, K; Ikegami, H; Ishida, K, 1997)	0.59
" Serum acetaminophen levels for which an estimate of time from last dose could be calculated were available for 30 patients, of which 22 levels were greater than the toxic range described for acute ingestion."	( Therapeutic misadventures with acetaminophen: hepatoxicity after multiple doses in children. Barbacci, MB; Heubi, JE; Zimmerman, HJ, 1998)	1.04
"Acetaminophen is a mild analgesic and antipyretic agent known to cause centrilobular hepatic necrosis at toxic doses."	( Role of nitric oxide in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. DeGeorge, GL; Gardner, CR; Heck, DE; Laskin, DL; Laskin, JD; Thomas, PE; Yang, CS; Zhang, XJ, 1998)	2.05
" There were no serious adverse events observed in this study, with the overall incidence of side effects being somewhat less in the (R)- ketoprofen groups than in the acetaminophen 1,000 mg group."	( Analgesic efficacy and safety of (R)- ketoprofen in postoperative dental pain. Cooper, SA; Hersh, EV; Reynolds, B; Reynolds, DC, 1998)	0.5
" No significant differences in adverse event rates were observed between lots of CPDT-IPV//PRP-T or between separate or combined injections of CPDT-IPV and PRP-T."	( Safety and immunogenicity of a combined five-component pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus-inactivated poliomyelitis-Haemophilus B conjugate vaccine administered to infants at two, four and six months of age. Barreto, L; Boyd, M; Cunning, L; Gold, R; Guasparini, R; Harrison, D; Meekison, W; Mills, E; Russell, M; Thipphawong, J; Xie, F, 1998)	0.3
" Incubation of the cells with CP (2 mM and 10 mM) drastically attenuated the GSH and cysteine depletion caused by toxic concentrations of paracetamol (1 mM and 5 mM)."	( 2-Methyl-thiazolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid protects against paracetamol induced toxicity in human liver derived HepG2 cells. Rommelspacher, H; Włodek, L, 1997)	0.3
" The PTU-induced elevated baseline levels of this inhibitor protein inactivated m-ATPase, and prevented hepatotoxicity by a toxic dose of acetaminophen (AAP) (paracetamol), by maintaining hepatic adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) levels."	( Induction of an ATPase inhibitor protein by propylthiouracil and protection against paracetamol (acetaminophen) hepatotoxicity in the rat. Banerjee, A; Chan, SH; Chiji, H; Cho, C; Linscheer, WG; Murthy, UK; Nandi, J, 1998)	0.72
" Adverse events were minor and similar between treatments."	( Coadministration of acetaminophen and troglitazone: pharmacokinetics and safety. Eastmond, R; Lettis, S; Young, MA, 1998)	0.62
" Thus, the protection against APAP toxicity afforded by deletion of both CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 likely reflects greatly diminished production of the toxic electrophile, NAPQI."	( Protection against acetaminophen toxicity in CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 double-null mice. Bruno, MK; Buters, JT; Cohen, SD; Gonzalez, FJ; Lucas, AM; Stern, ST; Ward, JM; Zaher, H, 1998)	0.63
" We examined the generality of this pattern in livers of rats given a minimally toxic dose of an hepatotoxin and in liver biopsy samples from patients who had taken overdoses of acetaminophen."	( Zonal location of compensatory hepatocyte proliferation following chemically induced hepatotoxicity in rats and humans. Archer, MC; Cameron, RG; Lee, VM, )	0.32
" The prodrugs were designed to release L-cysteine, which is then available to support glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and provide cytoprotection against a variety of toxic insults."	( Differential chemoprotection against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by latentiated L-cysteines. Franklin, MR; Lamb, JG; Phaneuf, HL; Roberts, JC; Szakacs, JG; Zera, RT, 1998)	0.57
" Selection of pharmacologic therapy for the management of chronic pain must take into consideration the increased potential for adverse effects in this population."	( Safety issues in the pharmacologic management of chronic pain in the elderly. Shimp, LA, )	0.13
" We studied the effects of acarbose on the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and acetaminophen (AP) in rats, both of which exert their toxic effects through bioactivation associated with cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)."	( Acarbose alone or in combination with ethanol potentiates the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen in rats. Kaneko, T; Sato, A; Wang, PY; Wang, Y, 1999)	0.74
" In humans, polymorphisms have been associated with adverse drug reactions but have not been shown to cause any serious developmental or physiological defects thus suggesting that in mammals, xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes may only be required for metabolism of foreign chemicals and have no other critical role."	( The study of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and their role in toxicity in vivo using targeted gene disruption. Gonzalez, FJ, 1998)	0.3
"We report a case fatality from chronic acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity in an 18-month-old toddler, born 14 weeks premature, who had been receiving less than the standard toxic threshold of the pediatric suspension of APAP for 4 days prior to presentation."	( "The silent killer": chronic acetaminophen toxicity in a toddler. King, W; Nichols, M; Pershad, J, 1999)	0.86
" We identified epidemiologic studies, published from January 1970 to December 1995, that investigated the association of serious adverse effects with aspirin, diclofenac, acetaminophen, and dipyrone to determine and compare the excess mortality associated with short-term drug use."	( Comparative safety evaluation of non-narcotic analgesics. Andrade, SE; Martinez, C; Walker, AM, 1998)	0.49
" Administration of deferoxamine (75 mg/kg) 1 h after a toxic dose of acetaminophen (300 mg/kg) significantly delayed the development of the toxicity without altering covalent binding."	( Deferoxamine delays the development of the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in mice. Bucci, TJ; Hinson, JA; Kusewitt, DF; Pumford, NR; Schnellmann, JG, 1999)	0.78
" Results from this work demonstrate that, in the absence of CYP1A2, phenacetin is more toxic than in controls."	( Role of CYP1A2 in the toxicity of long-term phenacetin feeding in mice. Coakley, CJ; Gonzalez, FJ; Kimura, S; Morishima, H; Peters, JM; Ward, JM, 1999)	0.3
" We have developed a mouse model to demonstrate the toxic effects of methotrexate: mice were given 50 mg/kg acetaminophen, which itself has no effect on the liver."	( Nicotinamide and methionine reduce the liver toxic effect of methotrexate. Bache, K; Hauschild, A; Kröger, H; Krüger, D; Ohde, M; Thefeldt, W; Voigt, WP, 1999)	0.52
"To compare the incidence of serious adverse clinical events among children <2 years old given ibuprofen and acetaminophen to control fever."	( The safety of acetaminophen and ibuprofen among children younger than two years old. Lesko, SM; Mitchell, AA, 1999)	0.88
"The risk of serious adverse clinical events among children <2 years old receiving short-term treatment with either acetaminophen or ibuprofen suspension was small and did not vary by choice of medication."	( The safety of acetaminophen and ibuprofen among children younger than two years old. Lesko, SM; Mitchell, AA, 1999)	0.87
" These results suggest that ethanol inhibited not only the microsomal (CYP2E1 mediated) formation of a toxic quinone metabolite from APAP, but also accelerated the conversion of the toxic quinone metabolite produced back to APAP by stimulating cytoplasmic QR activity."	( Protective effect of ethanol against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice: role of NADH:quinone reductase. Cha, YN; Cho, TS; Kim, DJ; Lee, SM, 1999)	0.58
"Acetaminophen toxicity in hepatocytes is attributed to generation of the toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine, leading to depletion of intracellular glutathione, alteration of redox potential and ultimately, cellular necrosis."	( Resistance of three immortalized human hepatocyte cell lines to acetaminophen and N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine toxicity. Edwards, RJ; Hodgson, HJ; McCloskey, P; Roberts, E; Selden, C; Tootle, R, 1999)	1.98
"We demonstrated that HH25, HH29 and HHY41 are resistant to the toxic effects of acetaminophen under conditions that induce cytotoxicity in rat primary hepatocytes, as indicated by maintenance of glutathione levels and basal LDH release."	( Resistance of three immortalized human hepatocyte cell lines to acetaminophen and N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine toxicity. Edwards, RJ; Hodgson, HJ; McCloskey, P; Roberts, E; Selden, C; Tootle, R, 1999)	0.77
"We assessed the quality of assessment and reporting of adverse effects in randomized, double-blind clinical trials of single-dose acetaminophen or ibuprofen compared with placebo in moderate to severe postoperative pain."	( Reporting of adverse effects in clinical trials should be improved: lessons from acute postoperative pain. Collins, SL; Edwards, JE; McQuay, HJ; Moore, RA, 1999)	0.51
"To determine whether the use of diclofenac ophthalmic solution is a safe and effective analgesic in the treatment of traumatic corneal abrasions in the emergency department."	( Safety and efficacy of diclofenac ophthalmic solution in the treatment of corneal abrasions. Allegra, JR; Eskin, B; Nashed, AH; Szucs, PA, 2000)	0.31
" The outcome measurements were improvement in NPIS score 2 hours after treatment, use of oxycodone-acetaminophen, and occurrence of any adverse effects."	( Safety and efficacy of diclofenac ophthalmic solution in the treatment of corneal abrasions. Allegra, JR; Eskin, B; Nashed, AH; Szucs, PA, 2000)	0.52
"Diclofenac ophthalmic solution appears to be a safe and effective analgesic in the treatment of traumatic corneal abrasions in the ED."	( Safety and efficacy of diclofenac ophthalmic solution in the treatment of corneal abrasions. Allegra, JR; Eskin, B; Nashed, AH; Szucs, PA, 2000)	0.31
" Increased caution and awareness of the toxic effects of acetaminophen are needed, and it should be dispensed with appropriate package-label warnings."	( [Acetaminophen toxicity in children as a "therapeutic misadventure"]. Granot, E; Ohali, M; Shahroor, S; Shvil, Y, 2000)	1.46
" Both active treatments had a side effect profile similar to placebo."	( Solubilized ibuprofen: evaluation of onset, relief, and safety of a novel formulation in the treatment of episodic tension-type headache. Ashraf, E; Cooper, S; Doyle, G; Jayawardena, S; Koronkiewicz, K; Packman, B; Packman, E, )	0.13
" This liver injury is due not to the drug itself but to the formation of the toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinine imine generated through the cytochrome P-450 drug-metabolizing system."	( Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: An update. Barve, S; Devalarja, R; McClain, CJ; Price, S; Shedlofsky, S, )	1.57
" We concluded that management of acetaminophen toxicity can be optimized by early identification, obtaining a complete drug screen, starting N-acetylcysteine early or whenever toxic acetaminophen levels or elevated transaminases are identified, and referring patients with acetaminophen toxicity to a liver center."	( Acetaminophen hepatoxicity. Broughan, TA; Soloway, RD, 2000)	2.03
" This toxic reaction is associated with metabolic activation by the P450 system to form a quinoneimine metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI), which covalently binds to proteins and other macromolecules to cause cellular damage."	( Increased resistance to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice lacking glutathione S-transferase Pi. Henderson, CJ; Kitteringham, N; Otto, D; Park, BK; Powell, H; Wolf, CR, 2000)	0.61
" However, these drugs are associated with an increased risk for the development of adverse sequelae, including serious upper gastrointestinal side effects such as symptomatic ulcers, perforation, obstruction, and gastrointestinal bleeding."	( Treatment of osteoarthritis with acetaminophen: efficacy, safety, and comparison with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Hochberg, MC; Shamoon, M, 2000)	0.59
" Adverse effects were comparable in the three groups, except for significantly more nausea in the control group (39% vs."	( Analgesic efficacy and safety of nefopam vs. propacetamol following hepatic resection. Fletcher, D; Gillon, MC; Incagnoli, P; Josse, C; Kuhlman, L; Mimoz, O; Mirand, A; Soilleux, H, 2001)	0.31
" Although the risk of developing toxic reactions to acetaminophen appears to be lower in children than in adults, such reactions occur in pediatric patients from intentional overdoses."	( Acetaminophen toxicity in children. , 2001)	2
"We recently reported that nitrotyrosine and acetaminophen (APAP)-cysteine protein adducts colocalize in the hepatic centrilobular cells following a toxic dose of APAP to mice."	( Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase activity. Bucci, TJ; Hinson, JA; Irwin, LK; Mayeux, PR; Michael, SL; Pumford, NR; Warbritton, AR, 2001)	2.01
" Here, to explore its mechanism, we administered APAP at subtoxic (150 mg/kg ip) and toxic (500 mg/kg ip) doses to overnight fasted mice."	( Genomics and proteomics analysis of acetaminophen toxicity in mouse liver. Pognan, F; Ruepp, SU; Shaw, J; Tonge, RP; Wallis, N, 2002)	0.59
"In order to investigate gene expression changes associated with cytotoxicity, we used cDNA arrays to monitor the expression of over 5,000 genes in response to toxic stress in the HepG2 liver cell line."	( Gene expression changes associated with cytotoxicity identified using cDNA arrays. Gore, MA; Morshedi, MM; Reidhaar-Olson, JF, 2000)	0.31
" Immediately after this, a toxic dose of acetaminophen (500 mg/kg orally) was administered followed by another administration one hour later (500 mg/kg orally)."	( The protective effect of garlic oil on hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen in mice and comparison with N-acetylcysteine. Kalantari, H; Salehi, M, 2001)	0.81
" Therefore it protects the liver from toxic doses of acetaminophen."	( The protective effect of garlic oil on hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen in mice and comparison with N-acetylcysteine. Kalantari, H; Salehi, M, 2001)	0.8
" Key search terms included acetaminophen, paracetamol, toxic hepatitis, hepatotoxicity, liver dysfunction, overdose, drug toxicity, and poisoning."	( Hepatotoxicity associated with chronic acetaminophen administration in patients without risk factors. Bolesta, S; Haber, SL, 2002)	0.88
" An evaluation of the literature regarding the toxic potential of acetaminophen when given at doses < or = 4 g/d chronically (> or = 4 d) to adult patients without risk factors was conducted."	( Hepatotoxicity associated with chronic acetaminophen administration in patients without risk factors. Bolesta, S; Haber, SL, 2002)	0.82
"We recently reported that following a toxic dose of acetaminophen to mice, tyrosine nitration occurs in the protein of cells that become necrotic."	( Effect of inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Bucci, TJ; Hinson, JA; Irwin, LK; Mayeux, PR; Michael, SL, 2002)	0.82
" Several inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukins, transforming growth factor beta1, human hepatocyte growth factor, and lymphotoxin, downregulate gene expression of major cytochrome P-450 enzymes with the specific effects on mRNA levels, protein expression, and enzyme activity observed with a given cytokine varying for each P-450 studied, thus eventually leading to metabolite-mediated adverse drug reactions and immunometallic diseases which sometimes result in tissue injury beyond the site(s) where metabolic bioactivation takes place."	( Important role of prodromal viral infections responsible for inhibition of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in the pathomechanism of idiopathic Reye's syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, autoimmune hepatitis, and hepatotoxicity of the therapeutic doses of Prandota, J, )	0.13
"The aim of the study was to evaluate the toxic effect of acetaminophen on rat fetuses."	( Embryofetotoxicity of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in experimental in vivo model. Blicharski, T; Burdan, F; Kiś, G; Siezieniewska, Z, 2001)	0.87
" Studies performed in both experimental animals and humans indicate that chronic alcohol use leads to a short-term, two- to threefold increase in hepatic content of cytochrome P4502E1, the major isoform responsible for the generation of the toxic metabolite from paracetamol, although increased oxidative metabolism of paracetamol at recommended doses has not been demonstrated clinically."	( Alcohol exposure and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Riordan, SM; Williams, R, 2002)	0.31
" In conclusion, the administration of 4-MP and/or NAC after 4 h of administering toxic dose of acetaminophen, inhibits hepatotoxicity in rats."	( Comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of 4-methylpyrazole and N-acetylcysteine on acetaminophen (paracetamol) hepatotoxicity in rats. Acar, HV; Cankir, Z; Cermik, H; Cinan, U; Danaci, M; Küçükardali, Y; Nalbant, S; Ozkan, S; Top, C, 2002)	0.76
" We studied the effects of TRZ on the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) and acetaminophen (APAP) in rats, both of which exert their toxic effects through bioactivation associated with cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and 2E1 (CYP2E1)."	( Troglitazone enhances the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen by inducing CYP3A in rats. Kaneko, T; Li, J; Qin, LQ; Sato, A; Wang, PY; Wang, Y, 2002)	0.8
" These results suggest an innovative therapeutic approach for treating the adverse effects of acetaminophen and potentially other hepatotoxic agents."	( Modulation of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by the xenobiotic receptor CAR. Chua, SS; Huang, W; Moore, DD; Wei, P; Zhang, J, 2002)	0.89
" Tolerability was assessed by recording adverse events (AEs)."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of nonprescription doses of naproxen and naproxen sodium with ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and placebo in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: a pooled analysis of five studies. Akin, MD; Dawood, MY; Milsom, I; Minic, M; Niland, NF; Spann, J; Squire, RA, 2002)	0.53
" There was no significant difference among the treatment groups in the incidence of adverse events (P=0."	( Efficacy and safety of acetaminophen and naproxen in the treatment of tension-type headache. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Bowen, DL; Cooper, KM; May, LG; Prior, MJ, 2002)	0.63
" We describe a case of toxic hepatitis free of the aforementioned risk factors associated with chronic ingestion of moderately excessive doses of acetaminophen."	( Chronic acetaminophen toxicity: a case report and review of the literature. Belson, MG; Brown, DK; Lane, JE; Scheetz, A, 2002)	0.95
" This protection was associated with decreased formation of the toxic metabolite of APAP."	( Effect of caffeine on acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in cultured hepatocytes treated with ethanol and isopentanol. Bement, J; Chatfield, K; DiPetrillo, K; Jeffery, E; Kostrubsky, V; Sinclair, J; Sinclair, P; Wood, S; Wrighton, S, 2002)	0.63
" The purpose of this study is to report the frequency of adverse effects from oral superactivated charcoal (SAC) given to healthy volunteers."	( Adverse effects of superactivated charcoal administered to healthy volunteers. Sato, RL; Sumida, SM; Wong, JJ; Yamamoto, LG, 2002)	0.31
" The adverse effects of both groups were recorded and compared."	( Adverse effects of superactivated charcoal administered to healthy volunteers. Sato, RL; Sumida, SM; Wong, JJ; Yamamoto, LG, 2002)	0.31
"Superactivated charcoal consumption is associated with significant adverse effects in some healthy volunteers, which may impede a drug overdose patient's ability to willingly drink charcoal slurry in a reasonable period of time."	( Adverse effects of superactivated charcoal administered to healthy volunteers. Sato, RL; Sumida, SM; Wong, JJ; Yamamoto, LG, 2002)	0.31
" All main flavonolignans of silymarin tested displayed concentration-dependent cytoprotection against the toxic effects of both allyl alcohol and carbon tetrachloride but neither paracetamol nor galactosamine."	( Primary cultures of human hepatocytes as a tool in cytotoxicity studies: cell protection against model toxins by flavonolignans obtained from Silybum marianum. Bachleda, P; Dvorák, Z; Kosina, P; Simánek, V; Ulrichová, J; Walterová, D, 2003)	0.32
" The protection afforded by V-PYRRO/NO does not appear to be caused by a decrease in the formation of toxic acetaminophen metabolites, which consumes glutathione (GSH), because V-PYRRO/NO did not alter acetaminophen-induced hepatic GSH depletion."	( The nitric oxide donor, V-PYRRO/NO, protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Clark, J; Keefer, LK; Li, C; Liu, J; Myers, P; Saavedra, JE; Waalkes, MP, 2003)	0.78
" Somnolence, fatigue, and nausea were the most common volunteered adverse events; only somnolence was significantly greater after CPA than after either PA or placebo."	( Efficacy and safety of clemastine-pseudoephedrine-acetaminophen versus pseudoephedrine-acetaminophen in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in a 1-day, placebo-controlled park study. Casale, TB; del Rio, E; Gold, MS; Meltzer, EO; O'Connor, R; Reitberg, D; Weiler, JM; Weiler, K, 2003)	0.57
"Treatment with CPA was safe and highly effective in reducing symptoms associated with SAR."	( Efficacy and safety of clemastine-pseudoephedrine-acetaminophen versus pseudoephedrine-acetaminophen in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in a 1-day, placebo-controlled park study. Casale, TB; del Rio, E; Gold, MS; Meltzer, EO; O'Connor, R; Reitberg, D; Weiler, JM; Weiler, K, 2003)	0.57
" The effect of these drugs was also examined in mice challenged with toxic doses of acetaminophen."	( Selective blockade of mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptors is protective against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice. Battaglia, G; Freitas, I; Griffini, P; Ngomba, RT; Nicoletti, F; Richelmi, P; Storto, M; Vairetti, M, 2003)	0.77
") substantially reduced liver necrosis and the production of ROS, although it did not affect the conversion of acetaminophen into the toxic metabolite, N-acetylbenzoquinoneimine."	( Selective blockade of mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptors is protective against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice. Battaglia, G; Freitas, I; Griffini, P; Ngomba, RT; Nicoletti, F; Richelmi, P; Storto, M; Vairetti, M, 2003)	0.76
" It decreases morphine requirements but its effect on the incidence of morphine-related adverse effects remains unknown."	( Adjunctive analgesia with intravenous propacetamol does not reduce morphine-related adverse effects. Aubrun, F; Bellanger, A; Coriat, P; Kalfon, F; Langeron, O; Mottet, P; Riou, B, 2003)	0.32
" The primary end-point was the incidence of morphine-related adverse effects."	( Adjunctive analgesia with intravenous propacetamol does not reduce morphine-related adverse effects. Aubrun, F; Bellanger, A; Coriat, P; Kalfon, F; Langeron, O; Mottet, P; Riou, B, 2003)	0.32
"001) but the incidence of morphine-related adverse effects did not differ between groups (42 vs 46%, not significant)."	( Adjunctive analgesia with intravenous propacetamol does not reduce morphine-related adverse effects. Aubrun, F; Bellanger, A; Coriat, P; Kalfon, F; Langeron, O; Mottet, P; Riou, B, 2003)	0.32
"Although propacetamol induced a small morphine-sparing effect, it did not change the incidence of morphine-related adverse effects in the postoperative period."	( Adjunctive analgesia with intravenous propacetamol does not reduce morphine-related adverse effects. Aubrun, F; Bellanger, A; Coriat, P; Kalfon, F; Langeron, O; Mottet, P; Riou, B, 2003)	0.32
" We conclude that these drugs are toxic to renal inner medullary collecting duct cells under the conditions of high osmolality normally present in the inner medulla, that combinations of the drugs are more toxic than are the drugs individually, and that the toxicity includes induction of proliferation of these cells that are otherwise quiescent in the presence of high osmolality."	( Toxicity of acetaminophen, salicylic acid, and caffeine for first-passage rat renal inner medullary collecting duct cells. Burg, MB; Cai, Q; Dmitrieva, NI; Ferguson, D; Michea, LF; Rocha, G, 2003)	0.7
" The Boston University Fever Study aimed to assess the risk of rare but serious adverse events in febrile children."	( The safety of ibuprofen suspension in children. Lesko, SM, 2003)	0.32
" It has been reported that the toxic effects of AA are the result of oxidative reactions that take place during its metabolism."	( Protective effects of melatonin, vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine against acetaminophen toxicity in mice: a comparative study. Ayanoğlu-Dülger, G; Sehirli, AO; Sener, G, 2003)	0.55
"In all, 28 of 33 patients (85%) completed the study; discontinuations were for adverse events (N=3), patient choice (N=1), and lack of effectiveness (N =1)."	( Effectiveness and safety of new oxycodone/acetaminophen formulations with reduced acetaminophen for the treatment of low back pain. Domingos, J; Galer, BS; Gammaitoni, AR; Lacouture, P; Schlagheck, T, 2003)	0.58
" To determine the importance of reversible versus toxic events, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was administered to mice either before APAP or 1, 2, or 4 h after APAP."	( Effect of N-acetylcysteine on acetaminophen toxicity in mice: relationship to reactive nitrogen and cytokine formation. Hinson, JA; James, LP; Lamps, LW; McCullough, SS, 2003)	0.61
" The risk of ulcer complications can however be reduced, and perhaps completely removed, by using the lowest dose of the least toxic member of the class."	( Adverse effects of conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the upper gastrointestinal tract. Langman, MJ, 2003)	0.32
"Acetaminophen, a safe analgesic when dosed properly but hepatotoxic at overdoses, has been reported to induce DNA strand breaks but it is unclear whether this event preceeds hepatocyte toxicity or is only obvious in case of overt cytotoxicity."	( Antioxidants protect primary rat hepatocyte cultures against acetaminophen-induced DNA strand breaks but not against acetaminophen-induced cytotoxicity. El-Bahay, C; Hanelt, S; Kahl, R; Lewerenz, V; Nastevska, C; Röhrdanz, E, 2003)	2
" The protection offered by arabic gum does not appear to be caused by a decrease in the formation of toxic acetaminophen metabolites, which consumes glutathione, because arabic gum did not alter acetaminophen-induced hepatic glutathione depletion."	( Protective effect of arabic gum against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Al-Bekairi, AM; Al-Shabanah, OA; Gamal el-din, AM; Mostafa, AM; Nagi, MN, 2003)	0.8
"The hepatic toxic response to acetaminophen (APAP) is characterized by centrilobular (CL) necrosis preceded by hepatic microvascular injury and congestion."	( Early hepatic microvascular injury in response to acetaminophen toxicity. Abril, ER; Bethea, NW; Ito, Y; McCuskey, RS, 2003)	0.86
"The relative influence of various risk factors for adverse events (AE) in analgesics users have never been precisely quantified."	( Risk factors for adverse events in analgesic drug users: results from the PAIN study. Charlesworth, A; Jones, JK; LeParc, JM; Moore, N; Schneid, H; Van Ganse, E; Verrière, F; Wall, R, )	0.13
" Recent data have shown that nitrated tyrosine residues as well as acetaminophen adducts occur in the necrotic cells following toxic doses of acetaminophen."	( Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Hinson, JA; James, LP; Mayeux, PR, 2003)	2
"The effects of toxic and nontoxic compound treatments were investigated by high resolution custom developed 2-11 pH gradient NEPHGE (non equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis) two-dimensional electrophoresis."	( Toward the identification of liver toxicity markers: a proteome study in human cell culture and rats. Bonk, I; Bryant, S; Klatt, M; Köpke, A; Nebrich, G; Taufmann, M; Thome-Kromer, B; Wacker, U, 2003)	0.32
"We conduct a study to determine the rate of adverse events (anaphylactoid and cardiorespiratory) associated with the use of oral N-acetylcysteine by the intravenous route for the treatment of suspected acetaminophen poisoning and to examine specific variables that may be associated with adverse events."	( What is the rate of adverse events after oral N-acetylcysteine administered by the intravenous route to patients with suspected acetaminophen poisoning? Brizendine, EJ; Furbee, RB; Kao, LW; Kirk, MA; Mehta, NH; Skinner, JR, 2003)	0.71
" Adverse events were divided into categories of cutaneous, systemic, or life threatening."	( What is the rate of adverse events after oral N-acetylcysteine administered by the intravenous route to patients with suspected acetaminophen poisoning? Brizendine, EJ; Furbee, RB; Kao, LW; Kirk, MA; Mehta, NH; Skinner, JR, 2003)	0.52
"There were 7 adverse events identified in 187 patients (3."	( What is the rate of adverse events after oral N-acetylcysteine administered by the intravenous route to patients with suspected acetaminophen poisoning? Brizendine, EJ; Furbee, RB; Kao, LW; Kirk, MA; Mehta, NH; Skinner, JR, 2003)	0.52
"Intravenous administration of an oral solution of N-acetylcysteine is associated with a low rate of adverse events and should be considered for selected patients with suspected acetaminophen poisoning."	( What is the rate of adverse events after oral N-acetylcysteine administered by the intravenous route to patients with suspected acetaminophen poisoning? Brizendine, EJ; Furbee, RB; Kao, LW; Kirk, MA; Mehta, NH; Skinner, JR, 2003)	0.72
" The most common treatment-related adverse events for tramadol/APAP were somnolence (6."	( Efficacy and safety of tramadol/acetaminophen tablets (Ultracet) as add-on therapy for osteoarthritis pain in subjects receiving a COX-2 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Emkey, R; Jordan, D; Kamin, M; Rosenthal, N; Wu, SC, 2004)	0.61
"5 mg/APAP 325 mg combination tablets were effective and safe as add-on therapy with COX-2 NSAID for treatment of OA pain."	( Efficacy and safety of tramadol/acetaminophen tablets (Ultracet) as add-on therapy for osteoarthritis pain in subjects receiving a COX-2 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Emkey, R; Jordan, D; Kamin, M; Rosenthal, N; Wu, SC, 2004)	0.61
"Paracetamol has always been regarded as a useful and safe drug."	( Hepatotoxicity and persistent renal insufficiency after repeated supratherapeutic paracetamol ingestion in a Chinese boy. Fu, YM; Kwok, KL; Ng, DK, 2004)	0.32
"To assess the effectiveness of pretreatment with ibuprofen or acetaminophen compared with no pretreatment in decreasing adverse events in children and adolescents receiving the first and second series of pamidronate therapy; and to compare the effectiveness of ibuprofen versus acetaminophen for prevention of adverse events associated with pamidronate infusion."	( Effectiveness of pretreatment in decreasing adverse events associated with pamidronate in children and adolescents. Bates, CM; Batisky, DL; Hayes, JR; Mahan, JD; Nahata, MC; Robinson, RE, 2004)	0.56
" Adverse drug events secondary to pamidronate infusion and subsequent drug therapies received were documented."	( Effectiveness of pretreatment in decreasing adverse events associated with pamidronate in children and adolescents. Bates, CM; Batisky, DL; Hayes, JR; Mahan, JD; Nahata, MC; Robinson, RE, 2004)	0.32
"Pretreatment with ibuprofen or acetaminophen appears to decrease the occurrence of adverse events from pamidronate therapy."	( Effectiveness of pretreatment in decreasing adverse events associated with pamidronate in children and adolescents. Bates, CM; Batisky, DL; Hayes, JR; Mahan, JD; Nahata, MC; Robinson, RE, 2004)	0.61
" Thereafter, two groups of 15 male Sprague-Dawley rats each were treated with the toxic dose of paracetamol intraperitoneally to induce severe hepatotoxicity."	( The role of cytochrome-P450 inhibitors in the prevention of hepatotoxicity after paracetamol overdose in rats. Abraham, AM; Barr, S; Coetsee, C; Walubo, A, 2004)	0.32
" The results show that these two technology platforms together offer a complementary view into cellular responses to toxic processes, providing new insight into the toxic consequences, even for well-studied therapeutic agents such as acetaminophen."	( Integrated application of transcriptomics and metabonomics yields new insight into the toxicity due to paracetamol in the mouse. Coen, M; Lenz, EM; Lindon, JC; Nicholson, JK; Pognan, F; Ruepp, SU; Wilson, ID, 2004)	0.51
" In conclusion, this study provides evidence that supports the hypothesis that gene expression profiling may be a sensitive means of identifying indicators of potential adverse effects in the absence of the occurrence of overt toxicity."	( Gene expression profiling of rat livers reveals indicators of potential adverse effects. Blackshear, PE; Boorman, GA; Cunningham, ML; Fannin, RD; Heinloth, AN; Irwin, RD; Li, L; Nettesheim, P; Paules, RS; Sieber, SO; Snell, ML; Tennant, RW; Travlos, GS; Tucker, CJ; Vansant, G, 2004)	0.32
"Paracetamol is classically considered as a very safe analgesic/antipyretic compound and, more specifically, as being virtually devoid of any gastrointestinal (GI) ulcerogenic potential."	( Gastrointestinal safety of paracetamol: is there any cause for concern? Bannwarth, B, 2004)	0.32
"A double null mouse line (2XENKO) lacking the xenobiotic receptors CAR (constitutive androstane receptor) (NR1I3) and PXR (pregnane X receptor) (NR1I2) was generated to study their functions in response to potentially toxic xenobiotic and endobiotic stimuli."	( The constitutive androstane receptor and pregnane X receptor function coordinately to prevent bile acid-induced hepatotoxicity. Evans, RM; Huang, W; Moore, DD; Qatanani, M; Zhang, J, 2004)	0.32
" Activation of PXR represents an important mechanism for the induction of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes that can convert acetaminophen (APAP) to its toxic intermediate metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI)."	( Enhanced acetaminophen toxicity by activation of the pregnane X receptor. Aleksunes, LA; Gonzalez, FJ; Guo, GL; Kliewer, SA; Manautou, JE; Moffit, JS; Nicol, CJ; Slitt, AL; Ward, JM, 2004)	0.95
" A standardized form was used to abstract all data, including outcome measures of pain at rest, walking pain, and dropouts due to adverse effects."	( A comparison of the efficacy and safety of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents versus acetaminophen in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. Balshaw, R; Barlas, S; Lee, C; Schnitzer, TJ; Straus, WL; Vogel, S, 2004)	0.55
" Safety, measured by discontinuation due to adverse events, was not statistically different between NSAID- and acetaminophen-treated groups."	( A comparison of the efficacy and safety of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents versus acetaminophen in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. Balshaw, R; Barlas, S; Lee, C; Schnitzer, TJ; Straus, WL; Vogel, S, 2004)	0.76
" Moreover, our data suggest that the toxic mechanism of AAP differs from that of NAPQI."	( Enhancement of acetaminophen cytotoxicity in selenium-binding protein-overexpressed COS-1 cells. Abe, M; Ishida, T; Oguri, K; Yamada, H, 2004)	0.68
" This species is normally detoxified by GSH, but following a toxic dose GSH is depleted and the metabolite covalently binds to a number of different proteins."	( Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity: role of metabolic activation, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, and mitochondrial permeability transition. Hinson, JA; James, LP; McCullough, SS; Reid, AB, 2004)	1.77
" The most common treatment related adverse events with tramadol/APAP were nausea (12."	( Analgesic efficacy and safety of tramadol/ acetaminophen combination tablets (Ultracet) in treatment of chronic low back pain: a multicenter, outpatient, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial. Beaulieu, A; Fortin, L; Kamin, M; Peloso, PM; Rosenthal, N, 2004)	0.59
"C57BL/6 mice were administered a toxic dose of APAP intraperitoneally to cause liver injury with or without depletion of NK and NKT cells by anti-NK1."	( Innate immune system plays a critical role in determining the progression and severity of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Govindarajan, S; Kaplowitz, N; Liu, ZX, 2004)	0.54
" It is highly likely that critical, limiting steps in any given mechanistic pathway may become overwhelmed with increasing exposures, signaling the emergence of new modalities of toxic tissue injury at these higher doses."	( Dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity: case studies. Andersen, ME; Bogdanffy, MS; Bus, JS; Cohen, SD; Conolly, RB; David, RM; Doerrer, NG; Dorman, DC; Gaylor, DW; Hattis, D; Rogers, JM; Setzer, RW; Slikker, W; Swenberg, JA; Wallace, K, 2004)	0.32
" In particular, hepatocyte subpopulations are distributed along the sinusoid in zones 1 to 3, leading to prototypical "periportal" and "centrilobular" patterns of cell death in response to a toxic insult."	( In vitro zonation and toxicity in a hepatocyte bioreactor. Allen, JW; Bhatia, SN; Khetani, SR, 2005)	0.33
" Indeed, pretreatment of male CD-1 mice with APAP-CYS before challenge with a threshold toxic dose of APAP resulted in significant enhancement of APAP-induced nephrotoxicity."	( Contribution of acetaminophen-cysteine to acetaminophen nephrotoxicity in CD-1 mice: I. Enhancement of acetaminophen nephrotoxicity by acetaminophen-cysteine. Bruno, MK; Cohen, SD; Hennig, GE; Horton, RA; Roberts, JC; Stern, ST, 2005)	0.67
" This APAP-CYS-induced renal GSH depletion could interfere with intrarenal detoxification of APAP or its toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) and may be the mechanism responsible for the potentiation of APAP nephrotoxicity."	( Contribution of acetaminophen-cysteine to acetaminophen nephrotoxicity II. Possible involvement of the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Bruno, MK; Cohen, SD; Hill, DW; Horton, RA; Roberts, JC; Stern, ST, 2005)	0.67
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol), one of the most widely used analgesics, is toxic under conditions of overdose or in certain disease conditions, but the mechanism of acetaminophen toxicity is still not entirely understood."	( Acetaminophen toxicity and resistance in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bachhawat, AK; Chakraborti, AK; Srikanth, CV, 2005)	3.21
" Safety was monitored through adverse event reporting, clinical examination, and laboratory testing."	( Efficacy and safety of single and repeated administration of 1 gram intravenous acetaminophen injection (paracetamol) for pain management after major orthopedic surgery. Groudine, SB; Jahr, JS; Payen-Champenois, C; Reynolds, LW; Sinatra, RS; Viscusi, ER, 2005)	0.56
"Acetaminophen poisoning accounts for a disproportionate percentage of all toxic ingestions, and can be life-threatening."	( An update of N-acetylcysteine treatment for acute acetaminophen toxicity in children. Marzullo, L, 2005)	2.02
" This review summarizes this controversy, and offers a framework to develop a safe treatment plan that has the optimal outcome for the patient, as well as reflecting knowledge of the potential caveats at work."	( An update of N-acetylcysteine treatment for acute acetaminophen toxicity in children. Marzullo, L, 2005)	0.58
" The rate of adverse hypersensitivity reactions to these agents is generally low."	( Safety of celecoxib in patients with adverse skin reactions to acetaminophen (paracetamol) and nimesulide associated or not with common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. D'Amato, G; D'Amato, M; Liccardi, G; Piccolo, A; Piscitelli, E; Salzillo, A; Senna, G, 2005)	0.57
"We evaluated the tolerability of CE in a group of patients with documented history of adverse cutaneous reactions to P and N associated or not to classic NSAIDs."	( Safety of celecoxib in patients with adverse skin reactions to acetaminophen (paracetamol) and nimesulide associated or not with common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. D'Amato, G; D'Amato, M; Liccardi, G; Piccolo, A; Piscitelli, E; Salzillo, A; Senna, G, 2005)	0.57
" Each side effect was recoded into a dichotomous response (i."	( Time-contingent dosing of an opioid analgesic after tonsillectomy does not increase moderate-to-severe side effects in children. Holdridge-Zeuner, D; Lanier, B; Miaskowski, C; Paul, SM; Savedra, MC; Sutters, KA; Waite, S, 2005)	0.33
"In the field of gene expression analysis, DNA microarray technology has a major impact on many different areas including toxicogenomics, such as in predicting the adverse effects of new drug candidates and improving the process of risk assessment and safety evaluation."	( Relationship between hepatic gene expression profiles and hepatotoxicity in five typical hepatotoxicant-administered rats. Kato, H; Katoh, M; Minami, K; Nakajima, M; Narahara, M; Saito, T; Sugiyama, H; Tomita, H; Yokoi, T, 2005)	0.33
" The administration of a toxic dose of acetaminophen (3."	( Platelet-activating factor (PAF) involvement in acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity and regeneration. Basayiannis, AC; Demopoulos, CA; Grypioti, AD; Mykoniatis, MG; Papadimas, GK; Papadopoulou-Daifoti, Z; Theocharis, SE, 2005)	0.85
" We demonstrate that this non-negative area estimates the cellular burden of toxic adducts formed following overdose."	( A new predictor of toxicity following acetaminophen overdose based on pretreatment exposure. Good, AM; Johnson, DW; Juurlink, DN; Sivilotti, ML; Yarema, MC, 2005)	0.6
" Adverse events occurred with the same frequency in the 3 treatment groups."	( Analgesic efficacy and safety of intravenous paracetamol (acetaminophen) administered as a 2 g starting dose following third molar surgery. Hiesse-Provost, O; Jensen, TS; Juhl, GI; Norholt, SE; Tonnesen, E, 2006)	0.58
"Administration of the non-metabolizable organic anion indocyanine green (ICG) prior to a toxic dose of acetaminophen (4-acetamidophenol; APAP) reduces liver injury 24h after dosing."	( Cholestasis induced by model organic anions protects from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in male CD-1 mice. Hennig, GE; Manautou, JE; Silva, VM, 2006)	0.79
"APAP is likely to remain a common toxic exposure and continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality."	( Updates on acetaminophen toxicity. Eldridge, DL; Kirk, MA; Norvell, J; Rowden, AK, 2005)	0.72
" In addition, the Toxic Exposure Surveillance System (TESS) of the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) database was searched for human exposure cases."	( The safety profile of sustained release paracetamol during therapeutic use and following overdose. Bogdan, GM; Dart, RC; Green, JL, 2005)	0.33
" The strongest predictor of severe hepatotoxicity was delayed or no N-acetyl cysteine treatment in patients consuming greater than 10 g of paracetamol or with toxic serum paracetamol levels."	( Paracetamol overdose and hepatotoxicity at a regional Australian hospital: a 4-year experience. Ayonrinde, OA; Ayonrinde, OT; Hurley, JC; Phelps, GJ, 2005)	0.33
" Mrp2 expression not only is important in biliary excretion, but also influences the toxic potential of reactive intermediates by controlling intrahepatic GSH and possibly drug metabolism."	( Transport deficient (TR-) hyperbilirubinemic rats are resistant to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Chen, C; Manautou, JE; Silva, VM; Thibodeau, MS, 2005)	0.56
" The difference in toxic response to APAP between knockout and control strain mice could not be attributed to differences in APAP bioactivation, assessed by measurement of CYP2E1 and glutathione S-transferase activities, hepatic nonprotein sulfhydryl content, or covalent binding of reactive APAP metabolites to proteins."	( Increased hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in Hsp70i knockout mice. Dix, DJ; Roberts, SM; Tolson, JK; Voellmy, RW, 2006)	0.63
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol-P) is a widely used analgesic-antipyretic drug with no anti inflammatory effects and its rate of adverse hypersensitivity reactions is very low."	( Safety of celecoxib in patients with adverse skin reactions to acetaminophen (paracetamol) and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Cazzola, M; D'Amato, G; D'Amato, M; De Giglio, C; Liccardi, G; Manfredi, D; Piscitelli, E, 2005)	2.01
"We evaluated the tolerability of CE in a group of patients with documented history of adverse cutaneous reactions to P and to classic NSAIDs."	( Safety of celecoxib in patients with adverse skin reactions to acetaminophen (paracetamol) and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Cazzola, M; D'Amato, G; D'Amato, M; De Giglio, C; Liccardi, G; Manfredi, D; Piscitelli, E, 2005)	0.57
" It was reported that these toxic effects of AAP are due to oxidative reactions that take place during its metabolism."	( Protective effects of ginkgo biloba against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in mice. Ercan, F; Gedik, N; Omurtag, GZ; Sehirli, O; Sener, G; Tozan, A; Yüksel, M, 2006)	0.59
"5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects."	( Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling. Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL, 2004)	0.32
"Accidental or incidental paracetamol overdose in children may be associated with toxic liver damage leading to fulminant liver failure."	( Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity. Davies, P; Kelly, DA; Mahadevan, SB; McKiernan, PJ, 2006)	0.33
" Expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, a measure of small vessel density, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS), a downstream target of VEGFR2, were increased at 48 and 72 h following toxic doses of APAP, and treatment with SU5416 decreased their expression."	( Vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte regeneration in acetaminophen toxicity. Donahower, B; Hinson, JA; James, LP; Kurten, R; Lamps, LW; McCullough, SS; Simpson, P, 2006)	0.57
" Male and female mice were injected with a toxic dose of APAP (500 mg/kg, ip)."	( Acetaminophen metabolism does not contribute to gender difference in its hepatotoxicity in mouse. Chou, N; Dai, G; He, L; Wan, YJ, 2006)	1.78
"This study was conducted to determine the impact of knockout of selenium (Se)-dependent glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1-/-) or double knockout of GPX1 and copper, zinc (Cu,Zn)-super-oxide dismutase (SOD1) on cell death induced by acetaminophen (APAP) and its major toxic metabolite N-acetyl-P-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI)."	( Double null of selenium-glutathione peroxidase-1 and copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase enhances resistance of mouse primary hepatocytes to acetaminophen toxicity. Lei, XG; Zhu, JH, 2006)	0.72
"Severe injury to the liver, such as that induced by toxic doses of acetaminophen, triggers a cascade of events leading to hepatocyte death."	( Blockade of the receptor for advanced glycation end products attenuates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Dun, H; Ekong, U; Emond, JC; Feirt, N; Guarrera, JV; Guo, J; Ippagunta, N; Lu, Y; Qu, W; Ramasamy, R; Schmidt, AM; Weinberg, A; Zeng, S, 2006)	0.8
"A model was employed in which toxic doses of acetaminophen (1125 mg/kg) were administered to C57BL/6 mice."	( Blockade of the receptor for advanced glycation end products attenuates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Dun, H; Ekong, U; Emond, JC; Feirt, N; Guarrera, JV; Guo, J; Ippagunta, N; Lu, Y; Qu, W; Ramasamy, R; Schmidt, AM; Weinberg, A; Zeng, S, 2006)	0.83
" Tolerability evaluations consisted of determinations of hepatic (aminotransferase activities) and renal (serum creatinine) function, adverse events, and physical examinations."	( Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel-group trial of the long-term (6-12 months) safety of acetaminophen in adult patients with osteoarthritis. Benson, GD; Schweinle, JE; Temple, AR; Zinsenheim, JR, 2006)	0.54
" No statistically significant differences were observed between the 2 treatment groups in the proportion of patients who reported > or = 1 adverse event (206 [71."	( Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel-group trial of the long-term (6-12 months) safety of acetaminophen in adult patients with osteoarthritis. Benson, GD; Schweinle, JE; Temple, AR; Zinsenheim, JR, 2006)	0.54
" In SH-SY5Y cells amitriptyline was severely toxic, while selegiline and paracetamol failed to show any toxic effect, and carbamazepine was only slightly toxic at the highest concentration."	( The combined use of human neural and liver cell lines and mouse hepatocytes improves the predictability of the neurotoxicity of selected drugs. Mannerström, M; Tähti, H; Toimela, T; Ylikomi, T, 2006)	0.33
" C57BL/6 mice were given an intraperitoneal toxic dose of APAP (500 mg/kg), which caused severe acute liver injury characterized by significant elevation of serum ALT, centrilobular hepatic necrosis, and increased hepatic inflammatory cell accumulation."	( Neutrophil depletion protects against murine acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Gunawan, B; Han, D; Kaplowitz, N; Liu, ZX, 2006)	0.59
"Mouse hepatocytes and C57BL/6 mice were administered a toxic dose of APAP with or without SP600125, a chemical c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor."	( c-Jun N-terminal kinase plays a major role in murine acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Gaarde, WA; Gunawan, BK; Han, D; Hanawa, N; Kaplowitz, N; Liu, ZX, 2006)	0.58
" The toxic response to APAP is triggered by a highly reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone-imine."	( Role of innate immunity in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Kaplowitz, N; Liu, ZX, 2006)	0.63
" The review establishes that aspirin, paracetamol and ibuprofen are safe in OTC doses and that there is no evidence for any difference between the medicines as regards efficacy and safety for treatment of colds and flu (except in certain cases such as the use of aspirin in feverish children)."	( Efficacy and safety of over-the-counter analgesics in the treatment of common cold and flu. Eccles, R, 2006)	0.33
"Despite the lack of clinical data on the safety and efficacy of analgesics for the treatment of colds and flu symptoms a case can be made that these medicines are safe and effective for treatment of these common illnesses."	( Efficacy and safety of over-the-counter analgesics in the treatment of common cold and flu. Eccles, R, 2006)	0.33
" Because NSAIDs are associated with adverse renal effects, they should be used cautiously in patients with advanced renal disease."	( Safe pharmacologic treatment strategies for osteoarthritis pain in African Americans with hypertension, and renal and cardiac disease. Johnson, J; Weinryb, J, 2006)	0.33
"Paracetamol is regarded as a relatively safe drug in the gastro-duodenal region of humans but recent epidemiological investigations have suggested that at high doses there may be an increased risk of ulcers and bleeding."	( Paracetamol [acetaminophen]-induced gastrotoxicity: revealed by induced hyperacidity in combination with acute or chronic inflammation. Rainsford, KD; Whitehouse, MW, 2006)	0.7
" Safety assessments included monitoring vital signs, adverse events, study joint assessments, and clinical laboratory results at each study visit."	( Three-month efficacy and safety of acetaminophen extended-release for osteoarthritis pain of the hip or knee: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Altman, RD; Schweinle, JE; Temple, AR; Zinsenheim, JR, 2007)	0.62
" Study treatments were generally well tolerated, and there was no significant difference among the groups in the overall number of adverse events."	( Three-month efficacy and safety of acetaminophen extended-release for osteoarthritis pain of the hip or knee: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Altman, RD; Schweinle, JE; Temple, AR; Zinsenheim, JR, 2007)	0.62
" Male rats were treated with acetaminophen (APAP), carbon tetrachloride (CCL), amiodarone (AD) or tetracycline (TC) at toxic doses."	( Genomic cluster and network analysis for predictive screening for hepatotoxicity. Fukushima, T; Hamada, Y; Horii, I; Kikkawa, R, 2006)	0.63
" Their detection in the environment and their bioactivity have resulted in concern for potential adverse effects on non-target species."	( Aquatic toxicity of acetaminophen, carbamazepine, cimetidine, diltiazem and six major sulfonamides, and their potential ecological risks in Korea. Choi, K; Jung, J; Kim, PG; Kim, Y; Park, J; Park, S, 2007)	0.66
"3 mug/ml (trough plasma concentration (C(min)) measured just before the next infusion) without any C(max) in the toxic range for any subject."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of paracetamol following intravenous administration of 5 g during the first 24 h with a 2-g starting dose. Dufour, G; Evene, E; Gendron, A; Gregoire, N; Gualano, V; Hovsepian, L, 2007)	0.34
"This study was used to test the effect on planned safe use of over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics of adding information about the potential for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) interaction with antihypertensive medications, the potential for interaction of alcohol and acetaminophen, and NSAID ceiling effects to the Federal Drug Administration's (FDA's) OTC analgesics pamphlet."	( Effect of reading additional safety information on planned use of over-the-counter analgesics. Amendola, MG; Interlandi, E; Inthavong, S; Lewchik, B; Li, L; McDonald, DD; Pace, N; Polouse, L; Wall, K, )	0.31
" Using the power of prospective multilaboratory investigations, seven centers individually conducted a common toxicogenomics experiment designed to advance understanding of molecular pathways perturbed in liver by an acute toxic dose of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP) and to uncover reproducible genomic signatures of APAP-induced toxicity."	( Multicenter study of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity reveals the importance of biological endpoints in genomic analyses. Bammler, TK; Beyer, RP; Bradford, BU; Cranson, AB; Cunningham, ML; Fannin, RD; Freedman, JH; Fry, RC; Higgins, GM; Hurban, P; Kaufmann, WK; Kavanagh, TJ; Kayton, RJ; Kerr, KF; Kosyk, O; Lasarev, MR; Linney, E; Lobenhofer, EK; McConnachie, LA; Meira, LB; Palmer, VS; Paules, RS; Powell, CL; Ross, PK; Rusyn, I; Samson, LD; Sieber, SO; Spencer, PS; Suk, W; Tennant, RJ; Vliet, PA; Weis, BK; Wolfinger, R; Woods, CG; Zarbl, H, 2007)	0.66
" Detailed clinical analysis of patients after intake of toxic doses of paracetamol revealed, apart from hepatotoxicity, cases of acute renal failure."	( [Selected biochemical parameters of urine in the evaluation of paracetamol nephrotoxicity]. Długosz, A; Kochman, K; Lepka, M; Marchewka, Z; Przewłocki, M, 2006)	0.33
" On the basis of performed investigations it may be assumed that the determination of these parameters in urine will enable early detection of changes in the kidneys occurring under the influence of toxic doses of paracetamol and prevent their further development due to appropriate therapeutic management."	( [Selected biochemical parameters of urine in the evaluation of paracetamol nephrotoxicity]. Długosz, A; Kochman, K; Lepka, M; Marchewka, Z; Przewłocki, M, 2006)	0.33
"Acetaminophen has been widely used for > 50 years in the treatment of pain and fever and provides for the safe and effective relief of these symptoms."	( Acetaminophen safety and hepatotoxicity--where do we go from here? Amar, PJ; Schiff, ER, 2007)	3.23
" Primary safety/tolerability endpoints included the mortality rate and incidence of adverse drug reactions, while efficacy endpoints included alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels."	( Safety and efficacy of intravenous N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen overdose: analysis of the Hunter Area Toxicology Service (HATS) database. Dawson, AH; Francis, B; Whyte, IM, 2007)	0.59
"3%) had an adverse drug reaction to IV-NAC, of which seven (1."	( Safety and efficacy of intravenous N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen overdose: analysis of the Hunter Area Toxicology Service (HATS) database. Dawson, AH; Francis, B; Whyte, IM, 2007)	0.59
" It is safe when taken at therapeutic doses; however, overdose can lead to serious and even fatal hepatotoxicity."	( Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Larson, AM, 2007)	1.78
" In this situation, newborns might be exposed to toxic levels of morphine when breastfeeding."	( Safety of codeine during breastfeeding: fatal morphine poisoning in the breastfed neonate of a mother prescribed codeine. Aleksa, K; Cairns, J; Chitayat, D; Gaedigk, A; Karaskov, T; Koren, G; Leeder, JS; Madadi, P; Teitelbaum, R, 2007)	0.34
" Simultaneous treatment with flutamide and acetaminophen (APAP) resulted in additive to synergistic toxic effects."	( Transport, metabolism, and hepatotoxicity of flutamide, drug-drug interaction with acetaminophen involving phase I and phase II metabolites. Ellis, E; Kostrubsky, SE; Mutlib, AE; Nelson, SD; Strom, SC, 2007)	0.83
" Previous studies demonstrated differential expression of hepatobiliary transporter mRNA in mice treated with a toxic dose of APAP dissolved in 50% propylene glycol."	( Influence of acetaminophen vehicle on regulation of transporter gene expression during hepatotoxicity. Aleksunes, LM; Augustine, LM; Cherrington, NJ; Manautou, JE, 2007)	0.71
" Administration of toxic APAP doses to C57BL/6J mice generates electrophilic stress and subsequently increases levels of hepatic Nqo1, Gclc and the efflux multidrug resistance-associated protein transporters 1-4 (Mrp1-4)."	( Induction of Mrp3 and Mrp4 transporters during acetaminophen hepatotoxicity is dependent on Nrf2. Aleksunes, LM; Augustine, LM; Chan, JY; Cherrington, NJ; Goedken, MJ; Klaassen, CD; Maher, JM; Manautou, JE; Slitt, AL, 2008)	0.6
"Although used widely and recognized as a safe drug at therapeutic dose, acetaminophen has a narrow therapeutic margin."	( [Acetaminophen: hepatotoxicity at therapeutic doses and risk factors]. Hadengue, A; Iten, A; Seirafi, M, 2007)	1.48
" Prazosin prevented hepatotoxicity when administered 1 h before a toxic paracetamol insult and importantly, when administered up to 1 h post paracetamol injection."	( alpha(1)-Adrenoceptor antagonists prevent paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Kitteringham, NR; Macdonald, I; Park, BK; Randle, LE; Sathish, JG; Williams, DP, 2008)	0.35
" Hemodynamic data, sedation scores, and renal and hepatic function were assessed for control of adverse events."	( Clinical analgesic efficacy and side effects of dexmedetomidine in the early postoperative period after arthroscopic knee surgery. Gómez-Vázquez, ME; Hernández-Jiménez, A; Hernández-Salazar, E; Pérez-Sánchez, A; Salazar-Páramo, M; Zepeda-López, VA, 2007)	0.34
" The most frequent adverse events with dexmedetomidine were bradycardia and hypertension."	( Clinical analgesic efficacy and side effects of dexmedetomidine in the early postoperative period after arthroscopic knee surgery. Gómez-Vázquez, ME; Hernández-Jiménez, A; Hernández-Salazar, E; Pérez-Sánchez, A; Salazar-Páramo, M; Zepeda-López, VA, 2007)	0.34
" In conclusion, NAC is safe in non-acetaminophen-induced ALF."	( Safety and efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in children with non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Bansal, S; Cheeseman, P; Dhawan, A; Kortsalioudaki, C; Mieli-Vergani, G; Taylor, RM, 2008)	0.86
"In summary, scientific evidence demonstrates that the rate of serious GI adverse events associated with the use of NSAIDs is comparatively low depending on the definition used, serious GI adverse events occur in 1% of patients each year and occurs in the use of high doses with long-term treatment in chronic conditions."	( Ibuprofen and gastrointestinal safety: a dose-duration-dependent phenomenon. Bjarnason, I, 2007)	0.34
" As model toxic compounds lipopolysaccharide (LPS, inducing inflammation), paracetamol (necrosis), carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4), fibrosis and necrosis) and gliotoxin (apoptosis) were used."	( Microarray analysis in rat liver slices correctly predicts in vivo hepatotoxicity. Bauerschmidt, S; Draaisma, AL; Elferink, MG; Groothuis, GM; Merema, MT; Olinga, P; Polman, J; Schoonen, WG, 2008)	0.35
" Mice were administered a diet supplemented with GrTP or vehicle for 5 consecutive days followed by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of a toxic dose of APAP or sham."	( Green-tea polyphenols downregulate cyclooxygenase and Bcl-2 activity in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Chen, TS; Oz, HS, 2008)	0.58
" On the 32nd day, a marginally toxic dose of APAP (360 mg/kg, ip) yielded 70% mortality in steatohepatitic mice, while all non steatohepatitic mice receiving the same dose survived."	( Nonalcoholic steatohepatitic (NASH) mice are protected from higher hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen upon induction of PPARalpha with clofibrate. Bhave, VS; Donthamsetty, S; Latendresse, JR; Mehendale, HM; Mitra, MS, 2008)	0.57
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is safe at therapeutic levels but causes liver injury via N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI)-induced oxidative stress when overdose."	( Prevention of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity by leflunomide via inhibition of APAP biotransformation to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine. Chan, EC; New, LS; Tan, SC, 2008)	2.15
"In patients with massive acetaminophen ingestion, erratic absorption may occur, and toxic serum concentrations may persist beyond a standard 21-hour course of intravenous NAC therapy."	( Acetaminophen overdose with altered acetaminophen pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity associated with premature cessation of intravenous N-acetylcysteine therapy. Hoffman, RS; Howland, MA; Nelson, LS; Smith, SW, 2008)	2.09
" Erdosteine prevented APAP-induced liver injury and toxic side effects probably through the antioxidant and radical scavenging effects of erdosteine."	( Effects of erdosteine on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Duru, M; Helvaci, R; Kaya, H; Koc, A; Kozlu, T; Kuvandik, G; Nacar, A; Sogüt, S; Yonden, Z, 2008)	0.65
" Safety was evaluated by retrieving information about the nature and incidence of adverse events (AE), whether they were related to the study compound, and the percentage considered being serious."	( High dose transdermal buprenorphine for moderate to severe pain in spanish pain centres--a retrospective multicenter safety and efficacy study. Barutell, C; Camba, A; González-Escalada, JR; Rodríguez, M, )	0.13
"Transdermal buprenorphine was an effective and considerably safe drug for relieving chronic moderate to severe pain."	( High dose transdermal buprenorphine for moderate to severe pain in spanish pain centres--a retrospective multicenter safety and efficacy study. Barutell, C; Camba, A; González-Escalada, JR; Rodríguez, M, )	0.13
" A toxic dose of acetaminophen (800 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally) induced severe abnormality in all basic parameters with apparent toxicity in liver (enlargement of hepatocytes, loss of cytoplasmic content with disruption in the hepatic plates and sinusoidal dilation) and renal tissue (glomerular damage with congestion of tubules)."	( Effect of crude sulphated polysaccharide from brown algae against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in rats. Raghavendran, HR; Srinivasan, P, 2008)	0.92
" Patients were assessed for pain control and adverse events."	( Morphine infusions after pediatric cranial surgery: a retrospective analysis of safety and efficacy. Bowen-Roberts, T; Hammond, AM; Kent, SK; Ou, CH; Steinbok, P; Warren, DT, 2008)	0.35
"These findings suggest that CMI is as safe a treatment option as acetaminophen and codeine."	( Morphine infusions after pediatric cranial surgery: a retrospective analysis of safety and efficacy. Bowen-Roberts, T; Hammond, AM; Kent, SK; Ou, CH; Steinbok, P; Warren, DT, 2008)	0.58
"Intravenous acetylcysteine seemed to be a safe and effective formulation of N-acetylcysteine."	( Safety and effectiveness of acetadote for acetaminophen toxicity. Brooks, DE; Katz, KD; Kehrl, T; Sokolowski, D; Whyte, AJ, 2010)	0.62
" These results suggest that the expression of these enzymes, which are involved in the antioxidant system, may not be altered after AAP toxicity, although classical toxic changes such as depletion of GSH, hepatocellular necrosis, and increased immunostaining for iNOS and nitrotyrosine were detected."	( The effects of acute acetaminophen toxicity on hepatic mRNA expression of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and levels of peroxynitrite, nitric oxide, reduced glutathione, and malondialdehyde in rabbit. Adiguzel, K; Akgoz, M; Cigremis, Y; Karaman, M; Kart, A; Ozen, H; Turel, H, 2009)	0.67
" One important example of this type of injury is acetaminophen-induced liver injury, in which the initial toxic injury is followed by innate immune activation."	( Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice is dependent on Tlr9 and the Nalp3 inflammasome. Flavell, RA; Imaeda, AB; Mahmood, S; Mehal, WZ; Mohamadnejad, M; Sohail, MA; Sutterwala, FS; Watanabe, A, 2009)	2.05
" Mild-to-moderate adverse effects were reported."	( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing the efficacy and safety of paracetamol, serratiopeptidase, ibuprofen and betamethasone using the dental impaction pain model. Chopra, D; Kakkar, AK; Mehra, P; Rehan, HS, 2009)	0.35
" Furthermore, the use of antidotes that reduced the toxic insult was also recorded using this technique."	( Acute liver acetaminophen toxicity in rabbits and the use of antidotes: a metabonomic approach in serum. Galanopoulou, P; Giannioti, K; Liapi, C; Mikros, E; Papalois, A; Theocharis, S; Zira, A, 2009)	0.73
" The paracetamol test with Wagner-Nelson analysis can be a safe and accurate method for measuring gastric emptying in women of childbearing age."	( Paracetamol absorption test with Wagner-Nelson analysis for safe and accurate measurements of gastric emptying in women. Nakada, K; Sanaka, M, 2008)	0.35
" Liver regeneration is a vital process for survival after a toxic insult, it occurs at a relative late time point after the injurious phase."	( Prolonged treatment with N-acetylcystine delays liver recovery from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Fink, MP; He, X; Killeen, ME; Miki, K; Yang, R, 2009)	0.59
" The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was comparable in the 2 treatment groups: 226 AEs were reported in 61 patients (88."	( Efficacy and safety of low-dose transdermal buprenorphine patches (5, 10, and 20 microg/h) versus prolonged-release tramadol tablets (75, 100, 150, and 200 mg) in patients with chronic osteoarthritis pain: a 12-week, randomized, open-label, controlled, pa Berggren, AC; Karlsson, M, 2009)	0.35
"Toxicogenomic studies are increasingly used to uncover potential biomarkers of adverse health events, enrich chemical risk assessment, and to facilitate proper identification and treatment of persons susceptible to toxicity."	( Population-based discovery of toxicogenomics biomarkers for hepatotoxicity using a laboratory strain diversity panel. Gatti, DM; Harrill, AH; Ross, PK; Rusyn, I; Threadgill, DW, 2009)	0.35
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is safe at therapeutic levels but causes hepatotoxicity via N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine-induced oxidative stress upon overdose."	( Rifampicin-activated human pregnane X receptor and CYP3A4 induction enhance acetaminophen-induced toxicity. Cheng, J; Gonzalez, FJ; Idle, JR; Krausz, KW; Ma, X, 2009)	2.03
"Ibuprofen, paracetamol and placebo have similar tolerability and safety profiles in terms of gastrointestinal symptoms, asthma and renal adverse effects."	( Systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical safety and tolerability of ibuprofen compared with paracetamol in paediatric pain and fever. Kleijnen, J; Soares-Weiser, K; Southey, ER, 2009)	0.35
" The histopathological examination on toxic models revealed centrizonal necrosis and fatty changes."	( Hepatoprotective activity of picroliv, curcumin and ellagic acid compared to silymarin on paracetamol induced liver toxicity in mice. Girish, C; Jayanthi, S; Koner, BC; Pradhan, SC; Rajesh, B; Ramachandra Rao, K, 2009)	0.35
"It is well established that following a toxic dose of acetaminophen (APAP), nitrotyrosine protein adducts (3-NT), a hallmark of peroxynitrite production, were colocalized with necrotic hepatic centrilobular regions where cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is highly expressed, suggesting that 3-NT formation may be essential in APAP-mediated toxicity."	( Role of cytochrome P450 2E1 in protein nitration and ubiquitin-mediated degradation during acetaminophen toxicity. Abdelmegeed, MA; Chen, C; Gonzalez, FJ; Moon, KH; Song, BJ, 2010)	0.83
"Acetaminophen overdose causes hepatotoxicity mediated by toxic metabolites generated through the cytochrome P450 enzyme."	( Using acetaminophen's toxicity mechanism to enhance cisplatin efficacy in hepatocarcinoma and hepatoblastoma cell lines. Czauderna, P; Fuchs, J; Knap, N; Losin, M; Neuwelt, AJ; Neuwelt, EA; Pagel, MA; Warmann, S; Wozniak, M; Wu, YJ, 2009)	2.28
"Our results suggest that a chemotherapeutic regimen containing both AAP and CDDP with delayed NAC rescue has the potential to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy while decreasing adverse effects."	( Using acetaminophen's toxicity mechanism to enhance cisplatin efficacy in hepatocarcinoma and hepatoblastoma cell lines. Czauderna, P; Fuchs, J; Knap, N; Losin, M; Neuwelt, AJ; Neuwelt, EA; Pagel, MA; Warmann, S; Wozniak, M; Wu, YJ, 2009)	0.83
" A control group was treated by mineral water (0+0) mg/kg and a second group was treated with only a toxic dose of 100 mg/kg of PARA (100+0)."	( [Protective effect of diclofenac towards the oxidative stress induced by paracetamol toxicity in rats]. Aouacheri, W; Djafer, R; Lefranc, G; Saka, S, )	0.13
" According to the Uppsala Monitoring Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for International Drug Monitoring, the number of adverse effects registered in the years 1978-2009 (March) was 14441 for metamizol and 67581 for paracetamol."	( [Safety of metamizole and paracetamol for acute pain treatment]. Kotfis, K; Zukowski, M, )	0.13
"Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity results from cytochrome P450 metabolism of APAP to the toxic metabolite, n-acetyl-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which reacts with cysteinyl residues to form APAP adducts and initiates cell injury."	( Susceptibility to acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity unexpectedly is decreased during acute viral hepatitis in mice. Getachew, Y; James, L; Lee, WM; Miller, BC; Thiele, DL, 2010)	2.14
" The aim of this study was to determine whether PGI2 is playing a role in host defense to toxic effect of acetaminophen (APAP)."	( The role of prostacyclin in modifying acute hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in mice. Cavar, I; Culo, F; Heinzel, R; Kelava, T, 2009)	0.81
" Adoption of these two recommendations may lead to the increased use of NSAIDs with the potential of increasing incidence of NSAIDs-related adverse reactions."	( FDA proposals to limit the hepatotoxicity of paracetamol (acetaminophen): are they reasonable? Day, RO; Graham, GG; Graudins, A; Mohamudally, A, 2010)	0.6
"To determine which class of non-opioid analgesics - paracetamol (acetaminophen), NSAIDs or COX-2 inhibitors - is the most effective at reducing morphine consumption and associated adverse effects when used as part of multimodal analgesia following major surgery."	( Paracetamol and selective and non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the reduction of morphine-related side effects after major surgery: a systematic review. Jenkins, B; Maund, E; McDaid, C; Rice, S; Woolacott, N; Wright, K, 2010)	0.6
" Other outcomes of interest were morphine-related adverse effects and adverse effects related to the non-opioids."	( Paracetamol and selective and non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the reduction of morphine-related side effects after major surgery: a systematic review. Jenkins, B; Maund, E; McDaid, C; Rice, S; Woolacott, N; Wright, K, 2010)	0.36
" We analyzed whether toxic doses of APAP could induce heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the kidney and whether HSP70 could be detected in urine."	( Heat shock protein 70 induction and its urinary excretion in a model of acetaminophen nephrotoxicity. Molinas, SM; Monasterolo, LA; Pagotto, MA; Pisani, GB; Rosso, M; Trumper, L; Wayllace, NZ, 2010)	0.59
" Several reports have shown that inflammation induced by the endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) augments the toxic response to hepatotoxicants in vivo."	( Role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in regulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mediated increase of acetaminophen (APAP) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) toxicity in murine hepatocytes. Gandhi, A; Ghose, R; Guo, T, 2010)	0.57
"Acetaminophen (APAP), also known as paracetamol, is the commonest cause of toxic ingestion in the world."	( Effects of medical ozone therapy on acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Cayci, T; Demirbag, S; Guven, A; Kaldirim, U; Korkmaz, A; Ozcan, A; Ozler, M; Surer, I; Uysal, B, 2010)	2.08
" The FDA advisory committee reviewed numerous observational studies and adverse event reporting data."	( Removal of opioid/acetaminophen combination prescription pain medications: assessing the evidence for hepatotoxicity and consequences of removal of these medications. Dahl, JL; Duh, MS; Korves, C; Michna, E, 2010)	0.69
" The expression of the CYP2E1 enzyme, which is reported to transform AP to its toxic metabolites, was higher in L-02 than in Hep3B cells."	( Acetaminophen-induced cytotoxicity on human normal liver L-02 cells and the protection of antioxidants. Ji, L; Liang, Q; Min, Y; Sheng, Y; Wang, Z; Xia, Y, 2010)	1.8
" This study was aimed at identifying the specific agent responsible for hearing loss from toxic killing of cochlear sensory cells."	( Acetaminophen ototoxicity after acetaminophen/hydrocodone abuse: evidence from two parallel in vitro mouse models. Kalinec, F; Kalinec, GM; Luxford, WM; Warren, FM; Yorgason, JG, 2010)	1.8
" These observations prompted us to investigate whether PGE2 plays a role in host defence to toxic effect of APAP."	( The role of prostaglandin E2 in acute acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice. Cavar, I; Culo, F; Kelava, T; Saraga-Babić, M; Vukojević, K, 2010)	0.63
" The primary safety outcome was the percentage of patients with NAC-related adverse events."	( A multicenter comparison of the safety of oral versus intravenous acetylcysteine for treatment of acetaminophen overdose. Aguilera, E; Al-Helial, M; Arnold, T; Bebarta, VS; Bogdan, G; Buchanan, J; Clark, RF; Dart, R; Delgado, J; Froberg, B; Haur, W; Heard, K; Hoppe, J; Kao, L; Kokko, J; Lares, C; Lavonas, E; McDonagh, J; Mendoza, C; Mlynarchek, S; O'Malley, G; Odujebe, O; Qi, M; Rhyee, S; Stanford, C; Tan, HH; Tran, NN; Varney, S; Zosel, A, 2010)	0.58
" There were no serious adverse events related to NAC for either route."	( A multicenter comparison of the safety of oral versus intravenous acetylcysteine for treatment of acetaminophen overdose. Aguilera, E; Al-Helial, M; Arnold, T; Bebarta, VS; Bogdan, G; Buchanan, J; Clark, RF; Dart, R; Delgado, J; Froberg, B; Haur, W; Heard, K; Hoppe, J; Kao, L; Kokko, J; Lares, C; Lavonas, E; McDonagh, J; Mendoza, C; Mlynarchek, S; O'Malley, G; Odujebe, O; Qi, M; Rhyee, S; Stanford, C; Tan, HH; Tran, NN; Varney, S; Zosel, A, 2010)	0.58
"IV and oral NAC are generally mild adverse drug reactions."	( A multicenter comparison of the safety of oral versus intravenous acetylcysteine for treatment of acetaminophen overdose. Aguilera, E; Al-Helial, M; Arnold, T; Bebarta, VS; Bogdan, G; Buchanan, J; Clark, RF; Dart, R; Delgado, J; Froberg, B; Haur, W; Heard, K; Hoppe, J; Kao, L; Kokko, J; Lares, C; Lavonas, E; McDonagh, J; Mendoza, C; Mlynarchek, S; O'Malley, G; Odujebe, O; Qi, M; Rhyee, S; Stanford, C; Tan, HH; Tran, NN; Varney, S; Zosel, A, 2010)	0.58
" An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals can make a significant contribution to the identification of potential toxic effects early in the drug development process and aid in avoiding such problems."	( Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity. Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ, 2010)	0.36
" Both treatments were well tolerated and safe in patients with OA flare-up."	( Efficacy and safety of etodolac-paracetamol fixed dose combination in patients with knee osteoarthritis flare-up: a randomized, double-blind comparative evaluation. Ambade, R; Bartakke, G; Chandanwale, A; Chandurkar, N; Pareek, A, 2010)	0.36
" Although both classes of drug are generally well tolerated, they can lead to well-characterized adverse effects."	( Concomitant use of ibuprofen and paracetamol and the risk of major clinical safety outcomes. de Vries, F; Setakis, E; van Staa, TP, 2010)	0.36
" Acetaminophen was more toxic to the CD45 dim and negative populations than to the CD45 bright population."	( Isolation of periportal, midlobular, and centrilobular rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells enables study of zonated drug toxicity. DeLeve, LD; Wang, L; Wang, X; Xie, G, 2010)	1.27
"The aim of the study was to analyze factors predicting pain relief and adverse events in patients receiving opioids for acute pain in a prehospital setting."	( Predictors of pain relief and adverse events in patients receiving opioids in a prehospital setting. Barniol, C; Bounes, V; Ducassé, JL; Houze-Cerfon, CH; Minville, V, 2011)	0.37
" Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify predictive factors of pain relief and adverse effects."	( Predictors of pain relief and adverse events in patients receiving opioids in a prehospital setting. Barniol, C; Bounes, V; Ducassé, JL; Houze-Cerfon, CH; Minville, V, 2011)	0.37
"0%) presented one adverse effect, all mild to moderate in severity, with no significant predictive factors."	( Predictors of pain relief and adverse events in patients receiving opioids in a prehospital setting. Barniol, C; Bounes, V; Ducassé, JL; Houze-Cerfon, CH; Minville, V, 2011)	0.37
" Therefore, toxic responses to the reactive metabolites have been expected to be expressed more strongly in a glutathione-depleted condition."	( In vitro cytotoxicity assay to evaluate the toxicity of an electrophilic reactive metabolite using glutathione-depleted rat primary cultured hepatocytes. Fujimoto, K; Kishino, H; Manabe, S; Sanbuissho, A; Yamoto, T, 2010)	0.36
" pentaphylla is able to alter the toxic condition of the hepatocytes so as to protect the membrane integrity against paracetamol-induced leakage of marker enzymes."	( Hepatoprotective activity of Glycosmis pentaphylla against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. Jain, R; Nayak, SS; Sahoo, AK, 2011)	0.37
"It is now widely appreciated that drug metabolites, in addition to the parent drugs themselves, can mediate the serious adverse effects exhibited by some new therapeutic agents, and as a result, there has been heightened interest in the field of drug metabolism from researchers in academia, the pharmaceutical industry, and regulatory agencies."	( Role of biotransformation in drug-induced toxicity: influence of intra- and inter-species differences in drug metabolism. Baillie, TA; Rettie, AE, 2011)	0.37
" Safety was assessed according to spontaneous reports of adverse events (AEs) and clinically meaningful changes from baseline laboratory parameters."	( Safety of multiple-dose intravenous acetaminophen in adult inpatients. Bergese, SD; Candiotti, KA; Royal, MA; Singla, NK; Singla, SK; Viscusi, ER, 2010)	0.64
"Overall, IV acetaminophen was shown to be safe and well tolerated in adult inpatients when given as repeated doses for up to 5 days."	( Safety of multiple-dose intravenous acetaminophen in adult inpatients. Bergese, SD; Candiotti, KA; Royal, MA; Singla, NK; Singla, SK; Viscusi, ER, 2010)	1.01
" The findings from this trial support the use of IV acetaminophen as a safe therapy in adult patients."	( Safety of multiple-dose intravenous acetaminophen in adult inpatients. Bergese, SD; Candiotti, KA; Royal, MA; Singla, NK; Singla, SK; Viscusi, ER, 2010)	0.89
" The efficacy measures included VAS scores and adverse effect assessment 10, 30, and 60 minutes after the administration of tramadol/acetaminophen."	( Efficacy and safety of tramadol/acetaminophen in the treatment of breakthrough pain in cancer patients. Chang, CS; Chung, CY; Ho, ML; Hsu, NC; Lin, HY; Wang, CC, 2010)	0.85
"Tramadol/acetaminophen might be efficacious and safe in the treatment of breakthrough pain in cancer."	( Efficacy and safety of tramadol/acetaminophen in the treatment of breakthrough pain in cancer patients. Chang, CS; Chung, CY; Ho, ML; Hsu, NC; Lin, HY; Wang, CC, 2010)	1.06
" Safety was assessed through incidence of adverse events and subject's assessment of tolerability."	( Efficacy and safety of E-OA-07 in moderate to severe symptoms of osteoarthritis: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. Kulkarni, MP; Rosenbloom, RA; Shakeel, A; Shinde, BS, )	0.13
" In the US, the FDA has issued warnings about the potential adverse effects of kava, but kava dietary supplements are still available to consumers."	( Kava extract, an herbal alternative for anxiety relief, potentiates acetaminophen-induced cytotoxicity in rat hepatic cells. Salminen, WF; Yang, X, 2011)	0.6
"5%) reported at least one adverse event (AE)."	( Epidemiological data, efficacy and safety of a paracetamol-tramadol fixed combination in the treatment of moderate-to-severe pain. SALZA: a post-marketing study in general practice. Ganry, H; Mejjad, O; Serrie, A, 2011)	0.37
" This down-regulation results in suppression of downstream cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in conversion of APAP to its toxic metabolite."	( Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid suppresses acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity independent of type I interferons and toll-like receptor 3. Cheng, G; Chow, EK; Deng, JC; Ghaffari, AA; Iyer, SS, 2011)	0.63
" Safety evaluations included adverse event (AE), physical exam, and laboratory assessments."	( A randomized study of the efficacy and safety of intravenous acetaminophen compared to oral acetaminophen for the treatment of fever. Breitmeyer, JB; Pan, C; Peacock, WF; Royal, MA; Smith, WB, 2011)	0.61
"A single dose of IV acetaminophen is as safe and effective in reducing endotoxin-induced fever as PO acetaminophen."	( A randomized study of the efficacy and safety of intravenous acetaminophen compared to oral acetaminophen for the treatment of fever. Breitmeyer, JB; Pan, C; Peacock, WF; Royal, MA; Smith, WB, 2011)	0.93
"Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is one of the most frequent causes of acute liver failure in the United States and is primarily mediated by toxic metabolites that accumulate in the liver upon depletion of glutathione stores."	( Dendritic cell depletion exacerbates acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Ayo, D; Bedrosian, AS; Cieza-Rubio, NE; Connolly, MK; Dorvil-Castro, M; Hackman, M; Henning, JR; Ibrahim, J; Malhotra, A; Miller, G; Nguyen, AH; Pachter, HL, 2011)	2.08
" No adverse outcomes were associated with medication errors."	( Evaluation of a simplified N-acetylcysteine dosing regimen for the treatment of acetaminophen toxicity. Halcomb, SE; Johnson, MT; McCammon, CA; Mullins, ME, 2011)	0.6
" Some animal studies indicate that such nanomaterials may have some toxicity, but their synergistic actions on the adverse effects of drugs are not well understood."	( Effect of 70-nm silica particles on the toxicity of acetaminophen, tetracycline, trazodone, and 5-aminosalicylic acid in mice. Hasezaki, T; Isoda, K; Kondoh, M; Li, X; Tsutsumi, Y; Watari, A; Yagi, K, 2011)	0.62
" The aim was to assess whether non-alcoholic steatosis sensitizes rat liver to acute toxic effect of acetaminophen."	( Susceptibility of rat non-alcoholic fatty liver to the acute toxic effect of acetaminophen. Cervinková, Z; Haňáčková, L; Kučera, O; Lotková, H; Podhola, M; Roušar, T; Staňková, P, 2012)	0.82
"Liver from rats fed HFGD is more susceptible to acute toxic effect of acetaminophen, compared to non-steatotic liver."	( Susceptibility of rat non-alcoholic fatty liver to the acute toxic effect of acetaminophen. Cervinková, Z; Haňáčková, L; Kučera, O; Lotková, H; Podhola, M; Roušar, T; Staňková, P, 2012)	0.84
" For studies of toxic processes, 1H NMR spectroscopy of biofluids allows monitoring of endogenous metabolite profiles that alter characteristically in response to changes in physiological status."	( A 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach for mechanistic insight into acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Ando, Y; Fukuhara, K; Ohno, A; Okuda, H; Yamoto, T, 2011)	0.61
" As fasting promotes SIRT3-mediated mitochondrial-protein deacetylation and acetaminophen metabolites bind to lysine residues, we investigated whether deacetylation predisposes mice to toxic metabolite-mediated disruption of mitochondrial proteins."	( SIRT3-dependent deacetylation exacerbates acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Aponte, AM; Bourdi, M; Chen, Y; Gucek, M; Li, JH; Lombard, DB; Lu, Z; Pohl, LR; Sack, MN, 2011)	0.86
" The objective was to assess side effect frequency, degree of bother, and impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL)."	( Oxycodone-related side effects: impact on degree of bother, adherence, pain relief, satisfaction, and quality of life. Ackerman, SJ; Anastassopoulos, KP; Benson, C; Chow, W; Kim, MS; Tapia, C, )	0.13
" This raises a question about the unmet need for pain medications with improved side effect profiles."	( Oxycodone-related side effects: impact on degree of bother, adherence, pain relief, satisfaction, and quality of life. Ackerman, SJ; Anastassopoulos, KP; Benson, C; Chow, W; Kim, MS; Tapia, C, )	0.13
" Thus, we observed 50% growth inhibition of cell proliferation at 1 mM in the biochip, which appeared similar to human plasmatic toxic concentrations reported at 2 mM."	( Integrated proteomic and transcriptomic investigation of the acetaminophen toxicity in liver microfluidic biochip. Briffaut, AS; Chafey, P; Grandvalet, Y; Leclerc, E; Legallais, C; Letourneur, F; Merlier, F; Prot, JM, 2011)	0.61
" No serious adverse effects associated with bowel stimulation were reported."	( Safety and efficacy of immediate postoperative feeding and bowel stimulation to prevent ileus after major gynecologic surgical procedures. Fanning, J; Hojat, R, 2011)	0.37
"Immediate postoperative feeding and bowel stimulation is a safe and effective approach to preventing ileus in patients who undergo major gynecologic surgical procedures."	( Safety and efficacy of immediate postoperative feeding and bowel stimulation to prevent ileus after major gynecologic surgical procedures. Fanning, J; Hojat, R, 2011)	0.37
" The increased APAP resistance in LXR Tg mice was associated with increased APAP clearance, increased APAP sulfation, and decreased formation of toxic APAP metabolites."	( Activation of liver X receptor increases acetaminophen clearance and prevents its toxicity in mice. Gao, J; Hoon Lee, J; Jiang, M; Niu, Y; Poloyac, SM; Qin, W; Saini, SP; Tian, H; Tortorici, MA; Uppal, H; Venkataramanan, R; Xie, W; Zhai, Y; Zhang, B, 2011)	0.64
" The primary endpoints were patient-reported gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (AEs); the secondary endpoints were the incidence of patient-reported non-GI AEs."	( Short-term acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) use for pain, fever, or colds - gastrointestinal adverse effects: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Baron, JA; Brueckner, A; Lanas, A; McCarthy, D; Senn, S; Voelker, M, 2011)	0.37
" We also handsearched the conference proceedings for the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) (2008 to 2009) and checked the websites of regulatory agencies for reported adverse events, labels and warnings."	( Safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including aspirin and paracetamol (acetaminophen) in people receiving methotrexate for inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, other spondyloarthritis). Colebatch, AN; Edwards, CJ; Marks, JL, 2011)	0.59
" Two of these studies reported no evidence for increased risk of methotrexate-induced pulmonary disease; one study assessed the effect of concurrent NSAIDs on renal function and found no adverse effect; one study identified no adverse effect on liver function; three studies demonstrated no increase in methotrexate withdrawal; and one study showed no increase in all adverse events, including major toxic reactions."	( Safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including aspirin and paracetamol (acetaminophen) in people receiving methotrexate for inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, other spondyloarthritis). Colebatch, AN; Edwards, CJ; Marks, JL, 2011)	0.59
"In the management of rheumatoid arthritis, the concurrent use of NSAIDs with methotrexate appears to be safe provided appropriate monitoring is performed."	( Safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including aspirin and paracetamol (acetaminophen) in people receiving methotrexate for inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, other spondyloarthritis). Colebatch, AN; Edwards, CJ; Marks, JL, 2011)	0.59
" Liver regeneration is a vital process for survival after a toxic insult."	( Ringer's lactate improves liver recovery in a murine model of acetaminophen toxicity. Kajander, H; Koskinen, ML; Tenhunen, J; Yang, R; Zhang, S; Zhu, S, 2011)	0.61
"Both delayed presentation and staggered overdose pattern are associated with adverse outcomes following paracetamol overdose."	( Staggered overdose pattern and delay to hospital presentation are associated with adverse outcomes following paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Bates, CM; Craig, DG; Davidson, JS; Hayes, PC; Martin, KG; Simpson, KJ, 2012)	0.38
" In conclusion, we discovered metabolite biomarkers belonging to three different metabolic pathways to check for liver toxicity with mass spectrometry from a metabolomics study that could be used to evaluate hepatotoxicity induced by drugs or other toxic compounds."	( Discovery of common urinary biomarkers for hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride, acetaminophen and methotrexate by mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Chung, BC; Jung, BH; Kumar, BS; Kwon, OS, 2012)	0.6
" Regarding safety, there were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups in the incidence of adverse events in the dental pain and tension-type headache studies."	( Assessment of the efficacy and safety profiles of aspirin and acetaminophen with codeine: results from 2 randomized, controlled trials in individuals with tension-type headache and postoperative dental pain. Fisher, M; Gatoulis, SC; Voelker, M, 2012)	0.62
" We reviewed US Poison Center data, peer-reviewed literature, US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reports, and US Manufacturer Safety Reports describing adverse effects after acetaminophen administration."	( Toxicity from repeated doses of acetaminophen in children: assessment of causality and dose in reported cases. Bond, GR; Bui, A; Clark, RF; Dart, RC; Green, JL; Heard, K; Koff, RS; Kozer, E; Mlynarchek, SL, )	0.61
" In addition, it was found that the microsomal Ca(2+)-ATPase activity was not directly related to acetaminophen toxic species generated in the P450 enzyme system in vitro."	( Effects and mechanisms of rifampin on hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in mice. Chen, C; Chen, Z; He, M; Huang, J; Huang, R; Jiao, Y; Lin, X; Zhang, S, 2012)	0.84
" Drug-related adverse events were noted in 8 patients with 1,000 mg paracetamol, in 9 patients with 400 mg etodolac and in 9 patients for 800 mg etodolac during the study."	( Efficacy and safety of 400 and 800 mg etodolac vs. 1,000 mg paracetamol in acute treatment of migraine: a randomized, double-blind, crossover, multicenter, phase III clinical trial. Baykan, B; Ertaş, M; Özge, A; Öztürk, V; Sirin, H, 2013)	0.39
"Our study showed that etodolac is a safe and effective alternative in acute migraine treatment and showed comparable efficacy to paracetamol 1,000 mg."	( Efficacy and safety of 400 and 800 mg etodolac vs. 1,000 mg paracetamol in acute treatment of migraine: a randomized, double-blind, crossover, multicenter, phase III clinical trial. Baykan, B; Ertaş, M; Özge, A; Öztürk, V; Sirin, H, 2013)	0.39
" Data obtained with the prophylactic protocol of treatment might indicate that individuals under treatment with ACE inhibitors are less susceptible to the toxic effects of APAP."	( Effects of treatment with enalapril on hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen in mice. Betto, MR; Campos, MM; Driemeier, D; Lazarotto, LF; Leite, CE; Watanabe, TT, 2012)	0.62
" (MO) extracts and its curative role in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced toxic liver injury in rats caused by oxidative damage."	( Moringa oleifera hydroethanolic extracts effectively alleviate acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats through their antioxidant nature. Arulselvan, P; Fakurazi, S; Sharifudin, SA, 2012)	0.89
" The considerable decrease of the sample toxicity during photo-Fenton treatment using FeSO(4) indicates a safe application of the process for the removal of this pharmaceutical."	( Paracetamol degradation intermediates and toxicity during photo-Fenton treatment using different iron species. Agüera, A; Fernandez-Alba, AR; Malato, S; Pupo Nogueira, RF; Trovó, AG, 2012)	0.38
" While the hepatotoxic effects of the drug have been well recognized in cases of acute overdose and chronic supratherapeutic doses, the toxic effects of acetaminophen are rarely documented in cases where therapeutic guidelines are followed."	( Acute liver failure following cleft palate repair: a case of therapeutic acetaminophen toxicity. Boyajian, M; Cheerharan, M; Iorio, ML; Kaufman, SS; Reece-Stremtan, S, 2013)	0.82
" The search aimed to identify studies describing adverse events (AE) with the concurrent use of paracetamol and/or NSAID in people taking MTX for IA."	( Safety of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and/or paracetamol in people receiving methotrexate for inflammatory arthritis: a Cochrane systematic review. Colebatch, AN; Edwards, CJ; Marks, JL; van der Heijde, DM, 2012)	0.38
" Of the studies examining concurrent use of MTX and NSAID, there were no reported adverse effects on lung, liver, or renal function, and no increase in MTX withdrawal or in major toxic reactions."	( Safety of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and/or paracetamol in people receiving methotrexate for inflammatory arthritis: a Cochrane systematic review. Colebatch, AN; Edwards, CJ; Marks, JL; van der Heijde, DM, 2012)	0.38
"The purpose of this study was to determine whether flumazenil antagonized the toxic effects of acetaminophen overdose in rats."	( The effect of different doses of flumazenil on acetaminophen toxicity in rats. Aksu, R; Bicer, C; Boyaci, A; Bozogluer, E; Madenoglu, H; Yazici, C, 2012)	0.85
"Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common cause of disability in older adults, and although analgesic use can be helpful, it can also result in adverse drug events."	( Adverse effects of analgesics commonly used by older adults with osteoarthritis: focus on non-opioid and opioid analgesics. Hanlon, JT; Marcum, ZA; O'Neil, CK, 2012)	0.38
"To review the recent literature to describe potential adverse drug events associated with analgesics commonly used by older adults with OA."	( Adverse effects of analgesics commonly used by older adults with osteoarthritis: focus on non-opioid and opioid analgesics. Hanlon, JT; Marcum, ZA; O'Neil, CK, 2012)	0.38
" This drug is, however, effective and safe if notes of caution are applied."	( [Paracetamol. Efficacious and safe for all ages]. Wehling, M, 2013)	0.39
" Another class of non-opioid analgesic with confirmed efficacy for the treatment of chronic mild to moderate pain are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), although this efficacy is offset by the potential of adverse gastrointestinal events."	( Adverse effects associated with non-opioid and opioid treatment in patients with chronic pain. Cherubino, P; Fornasari, D; Labianca, R; Sarzi-Puttini, P; Vellucci, R; Zuccaro, SM, 2012)	0.38
" Though safe at therapeutic doses, overdose causes mitochondrial dysfunction and centrilobular necrosis in the liver."	( Metabolism and disposition of acetaminophen: recent advances in relation to hepatotoxicity and diagnosis. Jaeschke, H; McGill, MR, 2013)	0.68
" Moderate to severe gastrointestinal adverse events occurred in 50% of patients in the oxycodone/acetaminophen group compared with 15% of the equianalgesic morphine/oxycodone group."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of dual-opioid treatment with morphine plus oxycodone versus oxycodone/acetaminophen for moderate to severe acute pain after total knee arthroplasty. Gimbel, JS; Kelen, R; Minkowitz, HS; Richards, P; Stern, W, 2013)	0.82
" was given as toxic dose for inducing hepatotoxicity."	( Investigation of hepatoprotective activity of Cyathea gigantea (Wall. ex. Hook.) leaves against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Kiran, PM; Raju, AV; Rao, BG, 2012)	0.38
" APAP toxicity is initiated by its toxic metabolite NAPQI."	( CHOP is a critical regulator of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Barda, L; Chung, RT; Gonzalez-Rodriguez, A; Iwawaki, T; Mills, M; Mueller, T; Nahmias, Y; Scaiewicz, V; Shibolet, O; Tirosh, B; Uzi, D; Valverde, AM; Xavier, R, 2013)	0.67
"A toxic dose of APAP was orally administered to wild type (wt) and CHOP knockout (KO) mice and damage mechanisms were assessed."	( CHOP is a critical regulator of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Barda, L; Chung, RT; Gonzalez-Rodriguez, A; Iwawaki, T; Mills, M; Mueller, T; Nahmias, Y; Scaiewicz, V; Shibolet, O; Tirosh, B; Uzi, D; Valverde, AM; Xavier, R, 2013)	0.67
" Consequently, several drug toxicities observed in vivo cannot be reproduced in 2D in vitro models, for example, the toxic effects of acetaminophen."	( Hepatic 3D cultures but not 2D cultures preserve specific transporter activity for acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Bachmann, A; Burkhardt, B; Damm, G; Müller-Vieira, U; Nadalin, S; Nussler, AK; Sánchez, JJ; Schyschka, L; Wang, Z; Zeilinger, K, 2013)	0.82
"High doses of KRG reduced mortality at the LD50 of APAP."	( Korean red ginseng extract prevents APAP-induced hepatotoxicity through metabolic enzyme regulation: the role of ginsenoside Rg3, a protopanaxadiol. Cho, MK; Gum, SI, 2013)	0.39
"We investigated the effect of aging on hepatic pharmacokinetics and the degree of hepatotoxicity following a toxic dose of acetaminophen."	( The effect of aging on acetaminophen pharmacokinetics, toxicity and Nrf2 in Fischer 344 rats. Cogger, VC; de Cabo, R; Hilmer, SN; Huizer-Pajkos, A; Jones, BE; Le Couteur, DG; Mach, J; McKenzie, C, 2014)	0.92
" Among the patients who took opioids, at least one side effect of moderate or severe intensity (score ≥ 4) was reported by 62%."	( Side effects from oral opioids in older adults during the first week of treatment for acute musculoskeletal pain. Dickey, RM; Esserman, DA; Fillingim, RB; Hunold, KM; Isaacs, CG; McLean, SA; Pereira, GF; Platts-Mills, TF; Sloane, PD, 2013)	0.39
" Secondary end points included quality of life (Korean Short Form-36), functionality (Korean Oswestry Disability Index), and adverse events."	( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the extended-release tramadol hydrochloride/acetaminophen fixed-dose combination tablet for the treatment of chronic low back pain. Lee, CS; Lee, JH, 2013)	0.59
" Adverse events were reported more frequently with TA-ER than with placebo; the most common adverse events reported were nausea, dizziness, constipation, and vomiting."	( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the extended-release tramadol hydrochloride/acetaminophen fixed-dose combination tablet for the treatment of chronic low back pain. Lee, CS; Lee, JH, 2013)	0.59
" Our observation suggested that silymarin ameliorated the toxic effects of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in mice."	( Protective effects of silymarin against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in mice. Baycu, C; Bektur, NE; Sahin, E; Unver, G, 2016)	0.7
"Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), by which glutathione (GSH) and inorganic ions are transmitted to neighboring cells, is recognized as being largely involved in toxic processes of chemicals."	( Role of connexin 32 in acetaminophen toxicity in a knockout mice model. Arakawa, S; Igarashi, I; Kai, K; Maejima, T; Sanbuissho, A; Teranishi, M, 2014)	0.71
" No adverse drug effects were noted in either group."	( Hepatotoxicity in Obese Versus Nonobese Patients With Acetaminophen Poisoning Who Are Treated With Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine. Erstad, BL; Patanwala, AE; Radosevich, JJ, )	0.38
" It is treated with intravenous acetylcysteine, but the standard regimen is complex and associated with frequent adverse effects related to concentration, which can cause treatment interruption."	( Reduction of adverse effects from intravenous acetylcysteine treatment for paracetamol poisoning: a randomised controlled trial. Bateman, DN; Butcher, I; Cooper, JG; Coyle, J; Dear, JW; Eddleston, M; Gray, A; Lewis, SC; Rodriguez, A; Sandilands, EA; Thanacoody, HK; Thomas, SH; Veiraiah, A; Vliegenthart, AD; Webb, DJ, 2014)	0.4
" Specific and sensitive detection of liver injury is important for the prompt and safe treatment of patients with the antidote N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and for the determination of NAC efficacy."	( Stratification of paracetamol overdose patients using new toxicity biomarkers: current candidates and future challenges. Antoine, DJ; Dear, JW, 2014)	0.4
" The NCP-cultured HepG2 cells showed higher expression of mRNA and protein levels of cytochrome P450 2E1, which metabolizes APAP to a toxic metabolite, APAP-cysteine adduct formation, and higher sensitivity against APAP-induced cell injury compared with conventionally cultured cells."	( Evaluation of three-dimensional cultured HepG2 cells in a nano culture plate system: an in vitro human model of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Abe, N; Aritomi, K; Irie, T; Irikura, M; Ishitsuka, Y; Kai, H; Shimizu, D; Shuto, T; Tomishima, Y, 2014)	0.61
" In the following study, the relationship of acylcarnitines with other known indicators of APAP toxicity was examined in children receiving low-dose (therapeutic) and high-dose ('overdose' or toxic ingestion) exposure to APAP."	( Targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of serum acylcarnitines in acetaminophen toxicity in children. Beger, RD; Bhattacharyya, S; Gill, P; James, LP; Kearns, GL; Letzig, LG; Marshall, JD; Pence, L; Reed, MD; Simpson, PM; Sullivan, JE; Van Den Anker, JN; Yan, K, 2014)	0.63
" A variety of adverse events (AEs) of varying severity have been noted during HPC infusions."	( Infusion technique of hematopoietic progenitor cells and related adverse events (CME). Bryant, SC; Gastineau, DA; Greiner, CW; Hogan, WJ; Jacob, EK; Lingineni, RK; Mohr, A; Mulay, SB; Padley, D, 2014)	0.4
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most commonly reported toxic ingestion in the world."	( Protective effect of chitosan treatment against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Erkasap, N; Karimi, H; Ozcelik, E; Uslu, S, 2014)	2.1
" This study demonstrated that different mixtures of IBU and APAP were associated with different toxic effects in green neon shrimp."	( Acute toxicity of mixture of acetaminophen and ibuprofen to Green Neon Shrimp, Neocaridina denticulate. Chen, CM; Chiu, YW; Huang, DJ; Sung, HH; Wang, SY, 2014)	0.69
" However, it is highly toxic when the dosage surpasses the detoxification capability of an exposed organism, with involvement of an already described oxidative stress pathway."	( Biochemical and standard toxic effects of acetaminophen on the macrophyte species Lemna minor and Lemna gibba. Antunes, SC; Gonçalves, F; Martins, L; Nunes, B; Pinto, G, 2014)	0.67
"Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is a serious adverse effect with high morbidity and mortality rates but substantial individual to individual variation is observed in its severity."	( Highly expressed protein kinase A inhibitor α and suppression of protein kinase A may potentiate acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Bae, ON; Cho, SD; Kim, M; Lee, JY; Lim, KM; Yun, JW, 2014)	0.62
" Next, the hiPSC-Hep, primary cryopreserved human hepatocytes (cryo-hHep) and the hepatic cell lines HepaRG and Huh7 were treated with staurosporine and acetaminophen, and the toxic responses were compared."	( Critical differences in toxicity mechanisms in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes, hepatic cell lines and primary hepatocytes. Andersson, TB; Brolén, G; Cotgreave, I; Glinghammar, B; Jonebring, A; Li, XQ; Liljevald, M; Sagemark, J; Sjogren, AK, 2014)	0.6
" Some authors do not recommend treatment with N-acetylcysteine at low paracetamol plasma concentrations since unnecessary adverse effects may be induced."	( Recommendations for the paracetamol treatment nomogram and side effects of N-acetylcysteine. de Vries, I; Koppen, A; Meulenbelt, J; van Riel, A, 2014)	0.4
"5 grams (the permissible safe dose is 4 grams) due to the viral infection."	( [Hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in a patient treated with capecitabine due to breast cancer]. Drzymała, M; Golon, K; Karczmarek-Borowska, B, 2014)	0.73
" Overall adverse events in the 2 treatment groups were also compared."	( Efficacy and safety of transdermal fentanyl in the control of postoperative pain after photorefractive keratectomy. Bae, JH; Choi, CY; Kim, JM; Kim, YJ; Lee, YW, 2014)	0.4
" Total number of patients who reported adverse events was significantly higher in the fentanyl group (P=0."	( Efficacy and safety of transdermal fentanyl in the control of postoperative pain after photorefractive keratectomy. Bae, JH; Choi, CY; Kim, JM; Kim, YJ; Lee, YW, 2014)	0.4
"TDF was more effective in the control of postoperative pain after PRK than tramadol/acetaminophen and no irreversible or severe adverse effect was reported with 12 μg/h concentration."	( Efficacy and safety of transdermal fentanyl in the control of postoperative pain after photorefractive keratectomy. Bae, JH; Choi, CY; Kim, JM; Kim, YJ; Lee, YW, 2014)	0.63
" The aim of this review was to provide an update of current knowledge of adverse events (AE) associated with the most common perioperative non-opioid analgesics: paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids (GCCs), gabapentinoids and their combinations."	( Adverse effects of perioperative paracetamol, NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, gabapentinoids and their combinations: a topical review. Dahl, JB; Hamunen, K; Hansen, MS; Kjer, JJ; Kontinen, VK; Mathiesen, O; Nikolajsen, L; Pommergaard, HC; Rosenberg, J; Wetterslev, J, 2014)	0.4
"Treatment-emergent adverse events, physical examinations, vital sign measurements, and clinical laboratory testing were assessed throughout the study."	( Assessment of the safety and efficacy of extended-release oxycodone/acetaminophen, for 14 days postsurgery. Barrett, T; Kostenbader, K; Singla, N; Sisk, L; Young, J, 2014)	0.64
" Adverse events occurred during the OLE in 64 patients (43."	( Assessment of the safety and efficacy of extended-release oxycodone/acetaminophen, for 14 days postsurgery. Barrett, T; Kostenbader, K; Singla, N; Sisk, L; Young, J, 2014)	0.64
" This adverse potential has never been captured in animal models, and the responsible compound(s) remains to be determined."	( Flavokawains a and B in kava, not dihydromethysticin, potentiate acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice. Leitzman, P; Narayanapillai, SC; O'Sullivan, MG; Xing, C, 2014)	0.64
" The toxic chemicals tested were acetaminophen (APAP), 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), tetracycline (TC), and sodium valproate (VPA)."	( Toxicity of 50-nm polystyrene particles co-administered to mice with acetaminophen, 5-aminosalicylic acid or tetracycline. Ishida, I; Isoda, K; Nozawa, T; Tezuka, M, 2014)	0.92
" Secondary endpoints included SPID at additional time points, total pain relief at all on-therapy time points (TOTPAR), sum of SPID and TOTPAR at all on-therapy time points (SPID + TOTPAR), use of rescue medication, subjective pain assessment (PGIC, Patient Global Impression of Change), and adverse events (AEs)."	( A randomized study to compare the efficacy and safety of extended-release and immediate-release tramadol HCl/acetaminophen in patients with acute pain following total knee replacement. Bin, SI; Chang, N; Cho, SD; Choi, CH; Ha, CW; Kang, SB; Kyung, HS; Lee, JH; Lee, MC; Park, YB; Rhim, HY; Seo, SS, 2015)	0.63
"This study demonstrated that the analgesic effect of TA-ER is non-inferior to TA-IR, and supports TA-ER as an effective and safe treatment for moderate to severe acute pain post total knee replacement."	( A randomized study to compare the efficacy and safety of extended-release and immediate-release tramadol HCl/acetaminophen in patients with acute pain following total knee replacement. Bin, SI; Chang, N; Cho, SD; Choi, CH; Ha, CW; Kang, SB; Kyung, HS; Lee, JH; Lee, MC; Park, YB; Rhim, HY; Seo, SS, 2015)	0.63
" On the other hand, several adverse effects have been reported with such medications, including peripheral vasoconstriction, gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation, weakened platelet aggregation, hyperbilirubinemia and renal failure."	( Safety of therapeutics used in management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Erdeve, O; Oncel, MY, 2015)	0.42
" No adverse effects were observed for doses of up to 900 mg/kg/d for 14 d."	( Metabolism by conjugation appears to confer resistance to paracetamol (acetaminophen) hepatotoxicity in the cynomolgus monkey. Barrass, N; Bi, L; Gales, S; Hutchison, M; Lenz, E; Parry, T; Powell, H; Qiao, J; Qin, Q; Ren, J; Thurman, D; Wilson, ID; Yu, H, 2015)	0.65
" Adverse events in both trials were typical of those associated with opioid analgesics."	( Efficacy and safety of once-daily, extended-release hydrocodone in individuals previously receiving hydrocodone/acetaminophen combination therapy for chronic pain. Bartoli, A; He, E; Michna, E; Wen, W, 2015)	0.63
" The toxic effect of acetaminophen was studied in mice on 1) maternal liver; mirrored by biomarkers of liver injury, centrilobular necrosis, and infiltration of granulocytes; 2) fetal liver; reflected by the frequency of hematopoietic stem cells, and 3) postnatal health; evaluated by the severity of allergic airway inflammation among offspring."	( Prenatal acetaminophen induces liver toxicity in dams, reduces fetal liver stem cells, and increases airway inflammation in adult offspring. Arck, P; Barikbin, R; Erhardt, A; Huebener, P; Karimi, K; Keßler, T; Ramisch, K; Thiele, K; Tiegs, G, 2015)	1.15
"Acetaminophen (APAP, paracetamol, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol) is a widely used analgesic that is safe at therapeutic doses but is a major cause of acute liver failure (ALF) following overdose."	( Metabolic phenotyping applied to pre-clinical and clinical studies of acetaminophen metabolism and hepatotoxicity. Coen, M, 2015)	2.09
" No adverse events were observed with respect to DDN."	( Deep dry needling of trigger points located in the lateral pterygoid muscle: Efficacy and safety of treatment for management of myofascial pain and temporomandibular dysfunction. Gonzalez-Perez, LM; Granados-Nunez, M; Infante-Cossio, P; Lopez-Martos, R; Ruiz-Canela-Mendez, P; Urresti-Lopez, FJ, 2015)	0.42
" The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a dual-modality (written and spoken) literacy-appropriate educational strategy on patients' knowledge of and safe use of opioid analgesics."	( Improving patient knowledge and safe use of opioids: a randomized controlled trial. Adams, JG; Ahlstrom, E; Cameron, KA; Chevrier, A; Courtney, DM; Engel, KG; McCarthy, DM; McConnell, R; Sears, J; Wolf, MS, 2015)	0.42
"We conducted a systematic literature review to assess the adverse event (AE) profile of paracetamol."	( Paracetamol: not as safe as we thought? A systematic literature review of observational studies. Bernstein, I; Birrell, F; Buckner, S; Conaghan, PG; Constanti, M; Delgado Nunes, V; Doherty, M; Dziedzic, K; Latchem, S; Miller, P; Porcheret, M; Roberts, E; Wise, E; Zhang, W, 2016)	0.43
"NAC is safe for NAI-ALF."	( Efficacy and safety of acetylcysteine in "non-acetaminophen" acute liver failure: A meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials. Hu, J; Quan, Q; Ren, X; Sun, Z; Zhang, Q, 2015)	0.68
" Secondary outcomes were adverse effects, patient adherence, and use of rescue medication."	( Efficacy and safety of paracetamol for spinal pain and osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials. Day, RO; Ferreira, ML; Ferreira, PH; Lin, CW; Machado, GC; Maher, CG; McLachlan, AJ; Pinheiro, MB, 2015)	0.42
"This article provides an overview on the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP), the only independent nonprofit organization in the USA devoted to the prevention of medication errors."	( The Institute for Safe Medication Practices and Poison Control Centers: Collaborating to Prevent Medication Errors and Unintentional Poisonings. Vaida, AJ, 2015)	0.42
" Microarray data of rat PCLS exposed to APAP andCCl4was generated using a toxic dose based on decrease in ATP levels."	( Acute toxicity of CCl4 but not of paracetamol induces a transcriptomic signature of fibrosis in precision-cut liver slices. Elferink, ML; Groothuis, GM; Olinga, P; Schoonen, WG; Vatakuti, S, 2015)	0.42
"To determine whether metamizole is clinically safe compared to placebo and other analgesics."	( Metamizole-associated adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Blozik, E; da Costa, BR; Fässler, M; Jüni, P; Kötter, T; Linde, K; Reichenbach, S; Scherer, M, 2015)	0.42
" Adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), and dropouts were assessed."	( Metamizole-associated adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Blozik, E; da Costa, BR; Fässler, M; Jüni, P; Kötter, T; Linde, K; Reichenbach, S; Scherer, M, 2015)	0.42
"For short-term use in the hospital setting, metamizole seems to be a safe choice when compared to other widely used analgesics."	( Metamizole-associated adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Blozik, E; da Costa, BR; Fässler, M; Jüni, P; Kötter, T; Linde, K; Reichenbach, S; Scherer, M, 2015)	0.42
" To determine the developmental toxic effect of arsanilic acid (Ars) and acetaminophen (AAP) on the hepatic development, the differentiating cells were treated with the test chemicals (below IC12."	( Hepatic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and adverse effects of arsanilic acid and acetaminophen during in vitro hepatic developmental stage. Bang, SI; Cho, MH; Kang, HG; Kang, SJ; Kwon, MJ; Park, YH; Park, YI; So, B; Yang, YH, 2015)	0.86
" Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used and effective analgesic/antipyretic agent and relatively safe drug even in long-term treatment."	( [Investigation of Predisposition Biomarkers to Identify Risk Factors for Drug-induced Liver Injury in Humans: Analyses of Endogenous Metabolites in an Animal Model Mimicking Human Responders to APAP-induced Hepatotoxicity]. Kobayashi, A; Kondo, K; Sugai, S, 2015)	1.33
"14%) with acute poisoning at toxic doses showed hepatotoxicity signs, 4 (57."	( Hepatotoxicity induced by acute and chronic paracetamol overdose in adults. Where do we stand? Borobia, AM; Carcas, AJ; Frías, J; García, S; Martín, J; Martínez, AM; Medrano, N; Quintana, M; Ramírez, E; Ruiz, JA; Tong, HY, 2015)	0.42
" Such formulations could increase phenylephrine-related cardiovascular adverse events particularly in susceptible individuals."	( Potential cardiovascular adverse events when phenylephrine is combined with paracetamol: simulation and narrative review. Anderson, BJ; Atkinson, HC; Potts, AL, 2015)	0.42
"MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for papers discussing or describing any adverse effect, hypersensitivity or safety concerns related to phenylephrine alone or in combination with other drugs."	( Potential cardiovascular adverse events when phenylephrine is combined with paracetamol: simulation and narrative review. Anderson, BJ; Atkinson, HC; Potts, AL, 2015)	0.42
" Safety was monitored through adverse event reporting."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of different doses of propacetamol for postoperative pain control after breast surgery. Kang, JE; Kim, HS; Kim, JT; Lee, JH; Park, SK; Song, IK, 2015)	0.42
"Registered nurses (RNs) play a pivotal role in treating pain and preventing and recognizing the adverse effects (AEs) of analgesics in patients with dementia."	( Registered Nurses' Knowledge about Adverse Effects of Analgesics when Treating Postoperative Pain in Patients with Dementia. Hartikainen, S; Kankkunen, P; Kvist, T; Rantala, M, 2015)	0.42
" A good knowledge of the different strategies to decrease the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular toxic effects of NSAIDs is key to the management of OA."	( Safety and efficacy of paracetamol and NSAIDs in osteoarthritis: which drug to recommend? Frazier, A; Latourte, A; Richette, P, 2015)	0.42
" One notable exception is acetaminophen (APAP, paracetamol), which is a safe drug at therapeutic doses but can cause severe liver injury and acute liver failure after intentional and unintentional overdoses."	( Acetaminophen: Dose-Dependent Drug Hepatotoxicity and Acute Liver Failure in Patients. Jaeschke, H, 2015)	2.16
" Thus, toxic oral APAP doses sufficient to cause severe widespread liver damage do not cause significant damage when administered concurrently with equal amounts of NAC, that is, in the NAC-APAP treated animals, hepatic transaminases increase only marginally and liver architecture remains fully intact."	( Co-administration of N-Acetylcysteine and Acetaminophen Efficiently Blocks Acetaminophen Toxicity. Andrus, JP; Herzenberg, LA; Owumi, SE, 2015)	0.68
" Using this approach we determined, in terms of the model parameters, the critical dose between safe and overdose cases, timescales for exhaustion and regeneration of important cofactors for acetaminophen metabolism and total toxin accumulation as a fraction of initial dose."	( Timescale analysis of a mathematical model of acetaminophen metabolism and toxicity. Reddyhoff, D; Regan, S; Ward, J; Webb, S; Williams, D, 2015)	0.87
" Collected data included socio-demographics, treatment information, incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), numerical rating scale for intensity of pain, EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) scale, and physician's global impression (PGI) during the 12 week observation period."	( Overall safety profile and effectiveness of tramadol hydrochloride/acetaminophen in patients with chronic noncancer pain in Japanese real-world practice. Fujie, M; Kawai, K; Ogawa, Y; Suzuki, J; Yajima, T; Yokomori, J; Yoshizawa, K, 2015)	0.65
" Potential links to adverse short- and long-term infant outcomes for these products are reviewed, and the strengths and limitations of data to support these."	( Over-the-counter medications: Risk and safety in pregnancy. Chambers, C, 2015)	0.42
"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as meloxicam are commonly used to treat osteoarthritis (OA) but are associated with potentially serious dose-related adverse events (AEs)."	( Efficacy and safety of low-dose SoluMatrix meloxicam in the treatment of osteoarthritis pain: a 12-week, phase 3 study. Altman, R; Gibofsky, A; Hochberg, M; Jaros, M; Young, C, 2015)	0.42
" Considering its toxic effect and the loss of protection in PHH, BA is not a clinically useful treatment option for APAP overdose patient."	( Benzyl alcohol protects against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzymes but causes mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death at higher doses. Du, K; Jaeschke, H; McGill, MR; Xie, Y, 2015)	0.7
"The goal of this study is to summarize trends in rates of adverse events attributable to acetaminophen use, including hepatotoxicity and mortality."	( Trends in rates of acetaminophen-related adverse events in the United States. Ding, Y; Iyasu, S; Major, JM; Mehta, H; Pham, TM; Staffa, JA; Trinidad, JP; Wang, C; Willy, ME; Wong, HL; Zhou, EH, 2016)	0.98
" Rates of emergency department visits for unintentional acetaminophen-related adverse events decreased from 58."	( Trends in rates of acetaminophen-related adverse events in the United States. Ding, Y; Iyasu, S; Major, JM; Mehta, H; Pham, TM; Staffa, JA; Trinidad, JP; Wang, C; Willy, ME; Wong, HL; Zhou, EH, 2016)	1.01
"Acetaminophen-related adverse events continue to be a public health burden."	( Trends in rates of acetaminophen-related adverse events in the United States. Ding, Y; Iyasu, S; Major, JM; Mehta, H; Pham, TM; Staffa, JA; Trinidad, JP; Wang, C; Willy, ME; Wong, HL; Zhou, EH, 2016)	2.21
" It is safe at therapeutic doses, but its overdose can result in severe hepatotoxicity, a leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure in the USA."	( N-acetylcysteine amide, a promising antidote for acetaminophen toxicity. Ercal, N; Hart, M; Khayyat, A; Tobwala, S, 2016)	0.69
" Despite old age and frailty being associated with extensive and long-term utilization of acetaminophen and a high prevalence of adverse drug reactions, there is limited information on the risks of toxicity from acetaminophen in old age and frailty."	( Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice: Effect of age, frailty and exposure type. Cogger, V; de Cabo, R; Hilmer, SN; Huizer-Pajkos, A; Jones, B; Kane, AE; Le Couteur, DG; Mach, J; McKenzie, C; Mitchell, SJ, 2016)	2.1
" In agreement with in vivo studies, acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity was most profound in HUVEC mono-cultures; whilst in C3A:HUVEC co-culture, cells were less susceptible to the toxic effects of APAP, including parameters of oxidative stress and ATP depletion, altered redox homeostasis, and impaired respiration."	( Acetaminophen cytotoxicity is ameliorated in a human liver organotypic co-culture model. Hayes, PC; Morley, SD; Navarro, M; Nelson, LJ; Plevris, JN; Samuel, K; Treskes, P; Tura-Ceide, O, 2015)	2.13
" Moreover, cell lines used in the present study were more sensitive to toxic effects of troglitazone than previously reported."	( Development of an optimized cytotoxicity assay system for CYP3A4-mediated metabolic activation via modified piggyBac transposition. Dai, R; Dai, T; Deng, J; Huang, L; Jia, Y; Jiang, J; Xie, S; Zou, S, 2016)	0.43
" Standard mechanistic studies in animals for examining the toxic and pathological changes associated with the chemical exposure have often been limited to the single end point or pathways."	( Acetaminophen Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats--A Proteomic Approach. Agastian, P; Al-Dhabi, NA; Baru, R; Choi, KC; Ilavenil, S; Ock Kim, Y; Srigopalram, S; Valan Arasu, M, 2016)	1.88
" These approaches can also be used to reveal potential biomarkers of exposure or toxic response."	( Identification of protein adduction using mass spectrometry: Protein adducts as biomarkers and predictors of toxicity mechanisms. Bartlett, MG; Yang, X, 2016)	0.43
"These results indicate that mice lacking Vnn1 have deficiencies in compensatory repair and immune responses following toxic APAP exposure and that these mechanisms may contribute to the enhanced hepatotoxicity seen."	( Enhanced hepatotoxicity by acetaminophen in Vanin-1 knockout mice is associated with deficient proliferative and immune responses. Chasson, L; Ferreira, DW; Galland, F; Goedken, MJ; Manautou, JE; Naquet, P; Rommelaere, S, 2016)	0.73
" The effect of a commercial polysaccharide thickener, designed to be added to fluids to promote safe swallowing by dysphagic patients, on rheology and acetaminophen dissolution was tested using crushed immediate-release tablets in water, effervescent tablets in water, elixir and suspension."	( Oral medication delivery in impaired swallowing: thickening liquid medications for safe swallowing alters dissolution characteristics. Cichero, JA; Manrique, YJ; Nissen, LM; Sparkes, AM; Steadman, KJ; Stokes, JR, 2016)	0.63
" It is considered to be safe when administered within its therapeutic range, but in cases of acute intoxication, hepatotoxicity can occur."	( Acetaminophen from liver to brain: New insights into drug pharmacological action and toxicity. Ghanem, CI; Manautou, JE; Mottino, AD; Pérez, MJ, 2016)	1.88
"Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) represents a serious medical challenge and a potentially fatal adverse event."	( Recent advances in biomarkers and therapeutic interventions for hepatic drug safety - false dawn or new horizon? Antoine, DJ; Clarke, JI; Dear, JW, 2016)	0.43
" The hepatotoxic compounds induced the expected zebrafish liver degeneration or changes in size, whereas saccharin did not have any phenotypic adverse effect."	( Phenotypic and biomarker evaluation of zebrafish larvae as an alternative model to predict mammalian hepatotoxicity. Berckmans, P; Covaci, A; Hollanders, K; Maho, W; Peers, B; Remy, S; Verstraelen, S; Witters, H, 2016)	0.43
" It is safe and effective at recommended doses but has the potential for causing hepatotoxicity and acute liver failure (ALF) with overdose."	( Role of food-derived antioxidant agents against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Eugenio-Pérez, D; Montes de Oca-Solano, HA; Pedraza-Chaverri, J, 2016)	0.69
" Acute adverse events in the morphine group occurred in 19 (3%) participants."	( Delivering safe and effective analgesia for management of renal colic in the emergency department: a double-blind, multigroup, randomised controlled trial. Afzal, MS; Al Hilli, SA; Al Rumaihi, K; Anjum, S; Cameron, PA; Mitra, B; Morley, K; Pathan, SA; Shukla, D; Straney, LD; Thomas, SH, 2016)	0.43
" Although ibuprofen represents the first choice for the closure of PDA, this treatment can cause severe gastrointestinal and adverse renal effects and worsen platelet function."	( Efficacy and safety of intravenous paracetamol in comparison to ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: study protocol for a randomized control trial. Comandini, A; Dani, C; Lipone, P; Lista, G; Mosca, F; Poggi, C; Ramenghi, L; Romagnoli, C; Rosignoli, MT; Salvatori, E; Schena, F, 2016)	0.43
" The secondary endpoints include the closure rate of PDA after the second course of treatment with ibuprofen, the re-opening rate of the PDA, the incidence of surgical ligation, and the occurrence of adverse effects."	( Efficacy and safety of intravenous paracetamol in comparison to ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: study protocol for a randomized control trial. Comandini, A; Dani, C; Lipone, P; Lista, G; Mosca, F; Poggi, C; Ramenghi, L; Romagnoli, C; Rosignoli, MT; Salvatori, E; Schena, F, 2016)	0.43
" Paracetamol could offer several important therapeutic advantages over current treatment options, and it could become the treatment of choice for the management of PDA, mainly due to its more favorable side effect profile."	( Efficacy and safety of intravenous paracetamol in comparison to ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: study protocol for a randomized control trial. Comandini, A; Dani, C; Lipone, P; Lista, G; Mosca, F; Poggi, C; Ramenghi, L; Romagnoli, C; Rosignoli, MT; Salvatori, E; Schena, F, 2016)	0.43
" The findings of this study suggest that RNP(N) possesses effective hepatoprotective properties and does not exhibit the notable adverse effects associated with NAC treatment."	( Redox Nanoparticle Therapeutics for Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Boonruamkaew, P; Chonpathompikunlert, P; Nagasaki, Y, 2016)	0.71
" The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of three typical NSAIDs, diclofenac (DFC), acetaminophen (APAP) and ibuprofen (IBP), toward the water flea Daphnia magna."	( Toxicity Thresholds for Diclofenac, Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen in the Water Flea Daphnia magna. Du, J; Mei, CF; Xu, MY; Ying, GG, 2016)	0.93
" Exposure of healthy male Swiss mice to a toxic overdose of APAP (350 mg/kg, ip) significantly increased serum hepatocellular enzyme activities, decreased hepatocellular glutathione (GSH) levels, and induced severe centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis."	( Elucidation of the hepatoprotective moiety of 5β-scymnol that suppresses paracetamol toxicity in mice. Carter, F; Hodges, LD; Kalafatis, N; Macrides, TA; Wright, PF, 2016)	0.43
" In this research, we have explored the feasibility of retrospectively mapping population-level adverse events from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to chemical and biological databases to identify drug safety signals and the underlying molecular mechanisms."	( Improving drug safety with a systems pharmacology approach. Bojunga, N; Lesko, LJ; Schotland, P; Trame, MN; Zien, A, 2016)	0.43
" Secondary endpoints included opioid requirements, quality of recovery scale (QoR), length of post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, antiemetic consumption, opioid consumption, and opioid related adverse events."	( A Randomized Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Ibuprofen versus Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen in Knee or Hip Arthroplasty. Abubaker, H; Ahrendtsen, L; Demas, E; Gupta, A, 2016)	0.65
" Opioid requirements and adverse events were significantly less in Group 2 which was also statistically significant."	( A Randomized Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Ibuprofen versus Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen in Knee or Hip Arthroplasty. Abubaker, H; Ahrendtsen, L; Demas, E; Gupta, A, 2016)	0.65
"IV ibuprofen combined with IV acetaminophen demonstrated additional benefit in terms of improved pain scores on post-operative day 3 only, fewer potential adverse events related to opioid use, and decreased use of opioids when compared to IV ibuprofen alone."	( A Randomized Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Ibuprofen versus Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen in Knee or Hip Arthroplasty. Abubaker, H; Ahrendtsen, L; Demas, E; Gupta, A, 2016)	0.94
"A reagentless glutamate biosensor was applied to the determination of glutamate released from liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) in response to toxic challenge from various concentrations of paracetamol."	( A novel reagentless glutamate microband biosensor for real-time cell toxicity monitoring. Fielden, PR; Hart, JP; Hughes, G; Pemberton, RM, 2016)	0.43
" The secondary outcomes included 48-hour postoperative opioid consumption, incisional pain scores, opioid-related adverse effects, length of mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care unit stay, and the extent of wound hyperalgesia assessed at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively."	( Intravenous Acetaminophen as an Adjunct Analgesic in Cardiac Surgery Reduces Opioid Consumption But Not Opioid-Related Adverse Effects: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Bollag, L; Bowdle, A; Cain, KC; Jelacic, S; Richebe, P; Rivat, C, 2016)	0.81
"Study selectionAll Cochrane reviews of RCTs between 1999 to 2015, conducted in adults examining the adverse events associated with single dose oral analgesics used for acute post-operative pain were considered."	( Single dose oral analgesics for postoperative pain have few adverse events. Wong, YJ, 2016)	0.43
" Studies were pooled for post hoc analyses of efficacy and adverse event end points."	( Antipyretic Efficacy and Safety of Ibuprofen Versus Acetaminophen Suspension in Febrile Children: Results of 2 Randomized, Double-Blind, Single-Dose Studies. Jayawardena, S; Kellstein, D, 2017)	0.71
" We found a change in cell viability after 24h incubation with all tested toxic compounds."	( Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin production negatively correlates with HK-2 cell impairment: Evaluation of NGAL as a marker of toxicity in HK-2 cells. Čapek, J; Flídr, P; Hauschke, M; Libra, A; Roušar, T; Roušarová, E, 2017)	0.46
"Acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are antipyretic analgesics with established adverse effects (AEs); however, only a few studies have compared their AEs simultaneously."	( Characterization of the Adverse Effects Induced by Acetaminophen and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Based on the Analysis of the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database. Kagaya, H; Nagai, J; Shimamura, R; Uesawa, Y, 2017)	2.15
"We used a high-quality database for spontaneous adverse drug event reporting in Japan."	( Characterization of the Adverse Effects Induced by Acetaminophen and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Based on the Analysis of the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database. Kagaya, H; Nagai, J; Shimamura, R; Uesawa, Y, 2017)	0.71
" Mouse hepatocytes in primary culture however had approximately three-fold higher susceptibility to the toxic effect of APAP when compared to rat hepatocytes."	( Acetaminophen toxicity in rat and mouse hepatocytes in vitro. Červinková, Z; Endlicher, R; Kučera, O; Lotková, H; Rychtrmoc, D; Sobotka, O, 2017)	1.9
" We discovered that variants of the merged mechanism provide plausible quantitative explanations for the considerable variation in 24-hour necrosis scores among 37 genetically diverse mouse strains following a single toxic acetaminophen dose."	( Competing Mechanistic Hypotheses of Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity Challenged by Virtual Experiments. Hunt, CA; Kaplowitz, N; Kennedy, RC; Ookhtens, M; Petersen, BK; Ropella, GE; Smith, AK, 2016)	0.89
" Our findings indicate that replacing the current APAP with a safe and functional APAP/5'-AMP formulation could prevent APAP-induced hepatotoxicity."	( Adenosine 5'-monophosphate blocks acetaminophen toxicity by increasing ubiquitination-mediated ASK1 degradation. Kong, Y; Sun, Q; Xu, X; Yang, X; Zhan, Y; Zhang, J, 2017)	0.73
" In vitro cytotoxicity assays confirmed that HLCs from patients with clinically identified hepatotoxicity were more sensitive to PZ-induced toxicity than other individuals, while a prototype hepatotoxin acetaminophen was similarly toxic to all HLCs studied."	( Patient-specific hepatocyte-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells model pazopanib-mediated hepatotoxicity. Choudhury, Y; Kanesvaran, R; Li, H; Poh, J; Qu, Y; Tan, HS; Tan, MH; Toh, YC; Xing, J; Yu, H, 2017)	0.64
" There were no differences in safety parameters or serious adverse events."	( A multicenter, randomized, open-label, active-comparator trial to determine the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous ibuprofen for treatment of fever in hospitalized pediatric patients. Chumpitazi, CE; Hahn, BJ; Kaelin, BA; Khalil, SN; Macias, CG; Rock, AD, 2017)	0.46
" Finally, the pharmacodynamic mimicry of GSH by ψ-GSH is illustrated through the isolation and chemical characterization of an entity that can arise only through direct encounter of ψ-GSH with N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine, the primary toxic metabolite of APAP."	( Hepatoprotective Effect of ψ-Glutathione in a Murine Model of Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Toxicity. More, SS; Nugent, J; Nye, SM; Vartak, AP; Vince, R, 2017)	0.7
" Hepatotoxicity induced by toxic dose of paracetamol was revealed also by notable histopathological alterations, which were not observed in the group treated with paracetamol together with apigenin."	( Antioxidative and Protective Actions of Apigenin in a Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity Rat Model. Čapo, I; Gigov, S; Kojić-Damjanov, S; Martić, N; Milijašević, B; Paut Kusturica, M; Rašković, A, 2017)	0.46
" Very few responders knew about the toxic doses of the medicines they used."	( Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs vs. Paracetamol: drug availability, patients' preference and knowledge of toxicity. Nadeem, A; Zamir, Q, )	0.13
" A priority list of toxic agents for which improved analytical techniques could offer a more widespread availability and rapid access to clinically important test results is presented."	( [Access to rapid laboratory analytical services in cases of acute poisoning provides better and safer patient care]. Beck, O; Elmgren, A; Hansson, T; Helander, A; Olsson, E, 2017)	0.46
" Moreover, those compounds incompletely removed by treatment have the chance to form toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during subsequent disinfection."	( Formation and estimated toxicity of trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles, and haloacetamides from the chlor(am)ination of acetaminophen. Bond, T; Chu, W; Ding, S; Du, E; Gao, N; Wang, Q; Xu, B, 2018)	0.69
" To investigate this, mice were treated with toxic doses of APAP and euthanized between 0 and 96 h."	( Induction of mitochondrial biogenesis protects against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Asselah, T; Ding, WX; Du, K; Farhood, A; Jaeschke, H; Mansouri, A; McGill, MR; Ramachandran, A; Woolbright, BL, 2017)	0.7
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic that can cause hepatotoxicity due to production of toxic metabolites via cytochrome P450 (Cyp) 1a2 and Cyp2e1."	( Fructose diet alleviates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Chang, EB; Chlipala, G; Cho, S; Green, S; Jeong, H; Lee, H; Tripathi, A, 2017)	2.2
" The present study aimed to survey the components of OTC drug package inserts for analgesic and antipyretic drugs and to evaluate the adverse event profiles using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database (JADER)."	( Adverse Event Trends Associated with OTC Analgesic and Antipyretic Drug: Data Mining of the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database. Abe, J; Fukuda, A; Hasegawa, S; Hatahira, H; Iguchi, K; Kato, Y; Motooka, Y; Naganuma, M; Nakamura, M; Nakao, S; Ohmori, T; Sasaoka, S; Shimauchi, A, 2017)	0.46
" Each article has poor power to show risks of acetaminophen, however, the integration of the articles that showed adverse effects of acetaminophen may have power to show them."	( Is acetaminophen safe in pregnancy? Toda, K, 2017)	1.33
" Adverse nasal effects were more frequent for intranasal benzhydrocodone/APAP vs intranasal HB/APAP."	( Relative Bioavailability, Intranasal Abuse Potential, and Safety of Benzhydrocodone/Acetaminophen Compared with Hydrocodone Bitartrate/Acetaminophen in Recreational Drug Abusers. Barrett, AC; Guenther, SM; Lam, V; Mickle, TC; Roupe, KA; Zhou, J, 2018)	0.71
"Reduced hydrocodone exposure and drug liking at early time intervals, coupled with adverse nasal effects, can be expected to provide a level of deterrence to the intranasal route of abuse for benzhydrocodone/APAP."	( Relative Bioavailability, Intranasal Abuse Potential, and Safety of Benzhydrocodone/Acetaminophen Compared with Hydrocodone Bitartrate/Acetaminophen in Recreational Drug Abusers. Barrett, AC; Guenther, SM; Lam, V; Mickle, TC; Roupe, KA; Zhou, J, 2018)	0.71
" Consistent with the toxic effects of APAP in the liver and cisplatin in the kidney, immunohistochemical analysis revealed the elevated expression of luciferase and Hmox1 in centrilobular hepatocytes and in tubular epithelial cells, respectively."	( Real-time in vivo imaging reveals localised Nrf2 stress responses associated with direct and metabolism-dependent drug toxicity. Copple, IM; Forootan, SS; Francis, B; Goldring, CE; Iwawaki, T; Kipar, A; Mutter, FE; Park, BK, 2017)	0.46
"Acetylcysteine (NAC), an effective antidote for paracetamol poisoning, is commonly associated with adverse reactions."	( Fewer adverse effects with a modified two-bag acetylcysteine protocol in paracetamol overdose. Chandru, P; Gunja, N; Lim, JME; McNulty, R, 2018)	0.48
" We compared adverse reactions in patients receiving the modified two-bag protocol with a historical control (traditional three-bag regimen with initial bolus of 150 mg/kg/h)."	( Fewer adverse effects with a modified two-bag acetylcysteine protocol in paracetamol overdose. Chandru, P; Gunja, N; Lim, JME; McNulty, R, 2018)	0.48
" These results add to the accumulating evidence that reducing the initial NAC infusion rate reduces the risk of adverse reactions."	( Fewer adverse effects with a modified two-bag acetylcysteine protocol in paracetamol overdose. Chandru, P; Gunja, N; Lim, JME; McNulty, R, 2018)	0.48
"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug that is safe at therapeutic doses."	( Kaurenoic acid extracted from Sphagneticola trilobata reduces acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through inhibition of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in mice. Arakawa, NS; Borghi, SM; Bussmann, AJC; Casagrande, R; Fattori, V; Hirooka, EY; Lourenco-Gonzalez, Y; Marcondes-Alves, L; Verri, WA, 2019)	2.2
" In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the adverse event profiles of OTC combination cold remedy based on the components using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database."	( [Adverse Event Trends Associated with Over-the-counter Combination Cold Remedy: Data Mining of the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database]. Fukuda, A; Hasegawa, S; Hatahira, H; Hirade, K; Iguchi, K; Motooka, Y; Naganuma, M; Nakamura, M; Nakao, S; Sasaoka, S; Shimauchi, A; Ueda, N; Umetsu, R, 2018)	0.48
" Although effective, these agents can be associated with adverse effects that may limit their use in some people."	( Cardiorenal Safety of OTC Analgesics. Angiolillo, DJ; Davidson, MH; Kloner, RA; White, WB, 2018)	0.48
"We could not show that perioperative ivAPAP reduces inpatient opioid prescription with subsequent reduced odds for adverse outcomes."	( Intravenous Acetaminophen Does Not Reduce Inpatient Opioid Prescription or Opioid-Related Adverse Events Among Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery. Cozowicz, C; Mazumdar, M; Memtsoudis, SG; Mörwald, EE; Poeran, J; Zubizarreta, N, 2018)	0.86
"To assess the risk of significant adverse events in premature infants receiving the novel 4-component group B meningococcal vaccine (4CMenB) with their routine immunisations at 2 months of age."	( Safety of meningococcal group B vaccination in hospitalised premature infants. Beebeejaun, K; Braccio, S; Clarke, P; Heath, PT; Kadambari, S; Kent, A; Ladhani, S, 2019)	0.51
"4CMenB does not increase the risk of serious adverse events in hospitalised premature infants."	( Safety of meningococcal group B vaccination in hospitalised premature infants. Beebeejaun, K; Braccio, S; Clarke, P; Heath, PT; Kadambari, S; Kent, A; Ladhani, S, 2019)	0.51
" Secondary outcomes were to assess whether any change in depression was secondary to change in pain (Mobilisation-Observation-Behaviour-Intensity-Dementia-2 Pain Scale) and adverse events."	( Efficacy and Safety of Analgesic Treatment for Depression in People with Advanced Dementia: Randomised, Multicentre, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (DEP.PAIN.DEM). Aarsland, D; Ballard, C; Erdal, A; Flo, E; Husebo, BS; Slettebo, DD, 2018)	0.48
" Thirty-five patients were withdrawn from the study because of adverse reactions, deterioration or death: 25 (31."	( Efficacy and Safety of Analgesic Treatment for Depression in People with Advanced Dementia: Randomised, Multicentre, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (DEP.PAIN.DEM). Aarsland, D; Ballard, C; Erdal, A; Flo, E; Husebo, BS; Slettebo, DD, 2018)	0.48
"Analgesic treatment did not reduce depression while placebo appeared to improve depressive symptoms significantly by comparison, possibly owing to the adverse effects of active buprenorphine."	( Efficacy and Safety of Analgesic Treatment for Depression in People with Advanced Dementia: Randomised, Multicentre, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (DEP.PAIN.DEM). Aarsland, D; Ballard, C; Erdal, A; Flo, E; Husebo, BS; Slettebo, DD, 2018)	0.48
" Functional experiments showed that OPN deficiency protected against the APAP-induced liver injury by inhibiting the toxic APAP metabolism via reducing the expression of the cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 (CYP2E1)."	( Metabolic modulation of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by osteopontin. Gu, J; Kong, X; Sun, X; Sun, Y; Tong, Y; Wang, C; Wang, K; Wen, Y; Wu, H; Xia, Q; Yu, C, 2019)	0.82
"High-throughput screening (HTS) of liver toxicants can bridge the gap in understanding adverse effects of chemicals on humans."	( High-throughput toxicity testing of chemicals and mixtures in organotypic multi-cellular cultures of primary human hepatic cells. Ehrich, MF; Orbach, SM; Rajagopalan, P, 2018)	0.48
" Over the same period, concerns over the long-term adverse effects of paracetamol use have increased, initially in the field of hypertension, but more recently in other areas as well."	( Long-term adverse effects of paracetamol - a review. Dear, JW; MacIntyre, IM; McCrae, JC; Morrison, EE; Webb, DJ, 2018)	0.48
"Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity remains the leading cause of drug-induced liver injury due to the lack of safe and effective therapeutic agents."	( Hepatoprotective effects of berberine on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Hua, W; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Wei, Q; Zhao, Z; Zhu, Y, 2018)	2.19
" Autophagy is a catabolic machinery aimed at recycling cellular components and damaged organelles in response to a variety of stimuli, such as nutrient deprivation and toxic stress."	( Autophagy and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Shan, S; Shen, Z; Song, F, 2018)	0.84
" We consider that mifamurtide therapy is a safe and well-tolerated agent in childhood OS."	( The Efficiency and Toxicity of Mifamurtide in Childhood Osteosarcoma. Berber, M; Dincaslan, H; Incesoy Ozdemir, S; Tacyildiz, N; Unal, E; Yavuz, G, 2018)	0.48
" Since long-term adverse effects of these xenobiotics and their biological and pharmacokinetic activity especially at environmentally relevant concentrations are better understood, degradation of such contaminants has become a major concern."	( Organic micropollutants paracetamol and ibuprofen-toxicity, biodegradation, and genetic background of their utilization by bacteria. Guzik, U; Hupert-Kocurek, K; Marchlewicz, A; Piński, A; Wojcieszyńska, D; Żur, J, 2018)	0.48
"0 °C), the mean time when first normalization of body temperature, and the development of adverse events including gastrointestinal problem, elevated liver enzyme, and thrombocytopenia."	( The antipyretic efficacy and safety of propacetamol compared with dexibuprofen in febrile children: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparative, phase 3 clinical trial. Choi, SJ; Choi, UY; Chun, YH; Jeong, DC; Kim, HM; Lee, J; Lee, JH; Moon, S; Rhim, JW, 2018)	0.48
"Intravenous propacetamol may be a safe and effective choice for pediatric URTI patients presenting with fever who are not able to take oral medications or need faster fever control."	( The antipyretic efficacy and safety of propacetamol compared with dexibuprofen in febrile children: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparative, phase 3 clinical trial. Choi, SJ; Choi, UY; Chun, YH; Jeong, DC; Kim, HM; Lee, J; Lee, JH; Moon, S; Rhim, JW, 2018)	0.48
" Despite being safe at therapeutic doses, acetaminophen overdose is a leading cause of acute liver failure."	( Essential oils of green cumin and chamomile partially protect against acute acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in rats. Ebada, ME, 2018)	0.97
"We hypothesized (1) that gastrointestinal (GI) and renal adverse events (AE) would occur more often in infants first prescribed ibuprofen before rather than after six months of age and (2) that ibuprofen would be associated with more adverse effects than acetaminophen in infants younger than six months."	( Safety of ibuprofen in infants younger than six months: A retrospective cohort study. Bang, H; Rothenberg, SJ; Walsh, P, 2018)	0.66
" This was performed by comparison of mean pain intensity difference, total pain relief at 2 h, onset of pain relief, decrease in number of pain episodes, global improvement, and adverse effects."	( Efficacy and safety of fixed-dose combination of drotaverine hydrochloride (80 mg) and paracetamol (500 mg) in amelioration of abdominal pain in acute infectious gastroenteritis: A randomized controlled trial. Koli, J; Narang, S, 2018)	0.48
"Fixed-dose combination of drotaverine hydrochloride (80 mg) and PCM (500 mg) is an effective and safe antispasmodic agent in abdominal pain associated with acute infectious gastroenteritis."	( Efficacy and safety of fixed-dose combination of drotaverine hydrochloride (80 mg) and paracetamol (500 mg) in amelioration of abdominal pain in acute infectious gastroenteritis: A randomized controlled trial. Koli, J; Narang, S, 2018)	0.48
" In the present study, we performed a 13-week toxicity study for acetaminophen (APAP), a well-known drug that exhibits hepatotoxicity as an adverse effect, using an obese rat model to investigate the differences in susceptibility between obese and normal individuals."	( A 13-week subchronic toxicity study of acetaminophen using an obese rat model. Akagi, JI; Cho, YM; Imaida, K; Matsushita, K; Mizuta, Y; Nishikawa, A; Ogawa, K; Toyoda, T, 2018)	0.99
"As an analgesic and antipyretic drug, acetaminophen (APAP) is commonly used and known to be safe at therapeutic doses."	( GADD45α alleviates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by promoting AMPK activation. Lei, X; Li, C; Li, X; Mao, Y; Ming, Y; Tang, Y; Wang, Z; Xu, D; Xu, Q; Yao, L, 2019)	1.11
" However, recent findings in both humans and rodents suggest a link between developmental exposure to AAP and adverse neurobehavioral effects later in life."	( A Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 (CB1R) Agonist Enhances the Developmental Neurotoxicity of Acetaminophen (Paracetamol). Fredriksson, A; Fredriksson, R; Gordh, T; Hallgren, S; Philippot, G; Viberg, H, 2018)	0.7
"To investigate the adverse effect of two widely used pharmaceuticals, paracetamol (acetaminophen [APAP]) and oxytetracycline (OTC) on the marine rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis (B."	( Adverse effects of two pharmaceuticals acetaminophen and oxytetracycline on life cycle parameters, oxidative stress, and defensome system in the marine rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis. Byeon, E; Han, J; Hwang, UK; Lee, JS; Park, JC; Seo, JS; Yoon, DS, 2018)	0.98
" Acetaminophen is a mild analgesic and antipyretic agent, which can cause centrilobular hepatic necrosis in toxic doses, whereas alcohol causes death due to liver diseases."	( Pharmacokinetic changes of tramadol in rats with hepatotoxicity induced by ethanol and acetaminophen in perfused rat liver model. Ardakani, YH; Esmaeili, Z; Ghazi-Khansari, M; Hassanzadeh, G; Lavasani, H; Mohammadi, S; Nezami, A; Rouini, MR, 2019)	1.65
" Generation of GSH, its conjugation with the toxic NAPQI and the spatial distribution of CYP450 combined together determine the toxicity of APAP."	( A spatial-temporal model for zonal hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen. Ho, H; Means, SA, 2019)	0.76
" The present study showed strong cytotoxic potential for the NPS 5F-PB-22 and MDAI, moderate effects for MDMA, MDPV, methylone, cathinone, 4-MEC, and mephedrone, and no toxic effects for methamphetamine."	( Cytotoxicity of new psychoactive substances and other drugs of abuse studied in human HepG2 cells using an adopted high content screening assay. Beck, A; Flockerzi, V; Maurer, HH; Meyer, MR; Richter, LHJ, 2019)	0.51
" Because of the limited clinical experience with the four-component meningococcal B vaccine (4CMenB), active surveillance for adverse events following immunization (AEFI) was conducted."	( Short-term safety of 4CMenB vaccine during a mass meningococcal B vaccination campaign in Quebec, Canada. Billard, MN; Boulianne, N; De Serres, G; Deceuninck, G; Gagné, H; Gariépy, MC; Gilca, V; Landry, M; Ouakki, M; Rouleau, I; Skowronski, DM; Toth, E, 2018)	0.48
" Seven-day pretreatment with PYC suppressed elevation of CYP2E1 protein expression induced by administration of toxic dose of acetaminophen."	( Hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of Pycnogenol® in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Borišev, I; Bukumirović, N; Čabarkapa, V; Čapo, I; Mikov, M; Milić, N; Miljković, D; Paut Kusturica, M; Rašković, A; Stilinović, N, 2019)	0.96
"Use of a failure mode effects analysis assisted the team in understanding the failures of the process of safe medication administration."	( Increasing compliance of safe medication administration in pediatric anesthesia by use of a standardized checklist. Adler, AC; Buck, D; Kanjia, MK; Varughese, AM, 2019)	0.51
"The percentage of compliance with the safe administration checklist for acetaminophen in the preoperative period increased to 97%."	( Increasing compliance of safe medication administration in pediatric anesthesia by use of a standardized checklist. Adler, AC; Buck, D; Kanjia, MK; Varughese, AM, 2019)	0.75
"Application of quality improvement methods, specifically a safety checklist, were utilized to improve the safe administration of acetaminophen during the perioperative period."	( Increasing compliance of safe medication administration in pediatric anesthesia by use of a standardized checklist. Adler, AC; Buck, D; Kanjia, MK; Varughese, AM, 2019)	0.72
" This regimen was introduced in the 1970s and has remained largely unchanged even though the initial NAC infusion is frequently associated with adverse reactions, in particular nausea, vomiting, and anaphylactoid reactions."	( Randomised open label exploratory, safety and tolerability study with calmangafodipir in patients treated with the 12-h regimen of N-acetylcysteine for paracetamol overdose-the PP100-01 for Overdose of Paracetamol (POP) trial: study protocol for a randomi Dear, J, 2019)	0.51
" This study will provide valuable data regarding the incidence of adverse events caused by the 12-h NAC plus PP100-01 regimen and may provide evidence of PP100-01 efficacy in the treatment of paracetamol-induced liver injury."	( Randomised open label exploratory, safety and tolerability study with calmangafodipir in patients treated with the 12-h regimen of N-acetylcysteine for paracetamol overdose-the PP100-01 for Overdose of Paracetamol (POP) trial: study protocol for a randomi Dear, J, 2019)	0.51
"Dihydrocodeine and tramadol are particularly toxic in overdose and codeine is also relatively toxic."	( Relative toxicity of analgesics commonly used for intentional self-poisoning: A study of case fatality based on fatal and non-fatal overdoses. Bankhead, C; Casey, D; Clements, C; Ferrey, A; Fuller, A; Geulayov, G; Gunnell, D; Hawton, K; Kapur, N; Ness, J; Wells, C, 2019)	0.51
" Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the toxic effects of pharmaceuticals in non-standard endpoints on two macrophyte species, Lemna minor and Lemna gibba."	( Evaluation of pharmaceutical toxic effects of non-standard endpoints on the macrophyte species Lemna minor and Lemna gibba. Alkimin, GD; Barata, C; Daniel, D; Frankenbach, S; Nunes, B; Serôdio, J; Soares, AMVM, 2019)	0.51
" Acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol) is known to be toxic in high dosages, namely, by triggering oxidative effects."	( Effects of acetaminophen in oxidative stress and neurotoxicity biomarkers of the gastropod Phorcus lineatus. Almeida, F; Nunes, B, 2019)	1.81
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the most popular and safe pain medications worldwide."	( Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity. Jaeschke, H; Ramachandran, A, 2019)	3.4
" A recent systematic review found increased adverse events and mortality at therapeutic dosage."	( Acetaminophen Safety: Risk of Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Nursing Home Residents, a Prospective Study. Cantet, C; de Souto Barreto, P; Girard, P; Rolland, Y; Sourdet, S, 2019)	1.96
"] CONCLUSION: Despite old age, polypharmacy, and polymorbidity, acetaminophen was found safe for most, but not all, of our NH study population."	( Acetaminophen Safety: Risk of Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Nursing Home Residents, a Prospective Study. Cantet, C; de Souto Barreto, P; Girard, P; Rolland, Y; Sourdet, S, 2019)	2.2
" No protocol-related adverse events occurred."	( Feasibility and Safety of Transnasal High Flow Air to Reduce Core Body Temperature in Febrile Neurocritical Care Patients: A Pilot Study. Assis, FR; Geocadin, RG; Shah, D; Tandri, H; Ziai, WC, 2019)	0.51
" No adverse events were seen, and the process showed no signs of shivering or any other serious side effects during short-term exposure."	( Feasibility and Safety of Transnasal High Flow Air to Reduce Core Body Temperature in Febrile Neurocritical Care Patients: A Pilot Study. Assis, FR; Geocadin, RG; Shah, D; Tandri, H; Ziai, WC, 2019)	0.51
" The relationship between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and APAP-CYS concentration might assist in distinguishing between toxic and non-toxic APAP doses in patients suspected of drug overdose."	( The Relationship Between Circulating Acetaminophen-Protein Adduct Concentrations and Alanine Aminotransferase Activities in Patients With and Without Acetaminophen Overdose and Toxicity. Curry, SC; Gerkin, RD; Jaeschke, H; Kang, AM; O'Connor, AD; Padilla-Jones, A; Ruha, AM; Wilhelms, K; Wilkins, DG, 2019)	0.79
" Germination tests are important to evaluate the quality of soil and the toxic effects that contaminants can pose to plants."	( Individual and mixture toxicity evaluation of three pharmaceuticals to the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa seeds. Antão, C; Delerue-Matos, C; Oliva-Teles, F; Ramos, S; Rede, D; Santos, LHMLM; Sousa, SR, 2019)	0.51
" Furthermore, there have been recent concerns over the safety profile of paracetamol, with reports of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, hepatic and renal adverse events."	( Safety of Paracetamol in Osteoarthritis: What Does the Literature Say? Arden, N; Avouac, B; Conaghan, PG; Migliore, A; Rizzoli, R, 2019)	0.51
"Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a frequent serious adverse effect, contributing to morbidity and increased healthcare utilization."	( Efficacy of curcumin on prevention of drug-induced nephrotoxicity: A review of animal studies. Barreto, GE; Beiraghdar, F; Motaharinia, J; Panahi, Y; Sahebkar, A, 2019)	0.51
"Cisplatin is considered one of the best anticancer medications often used for the treatment of various cancers even with its adverse effects."	( Marine macro-algae attenuates nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin and acetaminophen in rats. Ehteshamul-Haque, S; Hira, K; Sohail, N; Sultana, V; Tariq, A, 2019)	0.74
"Both SL and CUR pretreatment prevented the toxic effects of PCM, but CUR is more effective than SL in ameliorating acute PCM induced hepatotoxicity."	( Protective effects of curcumin and silymarin against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in adult male albino rats. Ahmad, MM; Fawzy, A; Rezk, NA; Sabry, M, 2019)	0.51
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a highly effective analgesic, which is safe at therapeutic doses."	( Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: A mitochondrial perspective. Jaeschke, H; Ramachandran, A, 2019)	3.4
" The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations (0."	( Integrated biomarker response index to assess toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of paracetamol in a neotropical catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Acco, A; Bozza, DC; Cestari, MM; Corso, CR; Fockink, DH; Guiloski, IC; Lirola, JR; Mela, M; Perussolo, MC; Prodocimo, V; Ramos, LP; Silva de Assis, HC, 2019)	0.51
" Primary endpoints: all participants experienced ≥1 adverse event (AE), most commonly gastrointestinal."	( Principal results of a randomised open label exploratory, safety and tolerability study with calmangafodipir in patients treated with a 12 h regimen of N-acetylcysteine for paracetamol overdose (POP trial). Black, P; Dear, JW; Gallagher, B; Grahamslaw, J; Henriksen, D; Lee, RJ; Morrison, EE; O'Brien, R; Oatey, K; Oosthuyzen, W; Weir, CJ, 2019)	0.51
" The reductions in CYP-mediated acetaminophen bioactivation and uptake transporter, as well as enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, may limit the accumulation of toxic products in the liver and thus lower hepatotoxicity."	( Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Reduces Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Lowers CYP-Mediated Bioactivation and Toxicity of Acetaminophen in Rats. Chang, CH; Li, CC; Yao, HT, 2019)	1.01
" When compared with placebo, total rescue opioid consumption was similar and significantly fewer intravenous acetaminophen patients prematurely discontinued because of treatment-emergent adverse events (P < ."	( Randomized Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis and Safety of Intravenous Acetaminophen for Acute Postoperative Pain in Neonates and Infants. Cooper, DS; Devarakonda, K; Gosselin, NH; Hammer, GB; Lu, J; Maxwell, LG; Pheng, LH; Szmuk, P; Taicher, BM; Visoiu, M, 2020)	1
" AAP is generally considered safe for humans, but its effects on aquatic organisms are not well known."	( Temperature-dependent toxicity of acetaminophen in Japanese medaka larvae. Kagami, Y; Kashiwada, S; Kataoka, C; Kitagawa, H; Sugiyama, T; Takeshima, A; Tatsuta, H, 2019)	0.79
" The aim of this study was to characterize the direct toxic effects of APAP in different regions of the brain and on behavior in rats where the magnitude of hepatotoxicity produced is not associated with ALF."	( Acute acetaminophen intoxication induces direct neurotoxicity in rats manifested as astrogliosis and decreased dopaminergic markers in brain areas associated with locomotor regulation. Bisagno, V; De Fino, F; Di Carlo, MB; Ghanem, CI; Gómez, G; Manautou, JE; Martínez, SA; Pérez, MJ; Scazziota, A; Vigo, MB, 2019)	0.99
" Adverse events (all non-serious) were reported by 17% of methoxyflurane-treated patients and 3% of SAT-treated patients."	( Analgesic Efficacy, Practicality and Safety of Inhaled Methoxyflurane Versus Standard Analgesic Treatment for Acute Trauma Pain in the Emergency Setting: A Randomised, Open-Label, Active-Controlled, Multicentre Trial in Italy (MEDITA). Bonafede, E; Carpinteri, G; Fabbri, A; Farina, A; Gangitano, G; Intelligente, F; Mercadante, S; Ruggiano, G; Sblendido, A; Serra, S; Soldi, A; Voza, A, 2019)	0.51
" Primary safety outcomes will be the number of patients experiencing any (serious) adverse event, the number of patients withdrawn due to adverse events and the number of patients with gastrointestinal and hepatic adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of modified-release paracetamol for acute and chronic pain: a systematic review protocol. Dosenovic, S; Margan Koletic, Z; Puljak, L, 2019)	0.51
"When taken in the recommended dosage, acetaminophen is a safe and effective analgesic and antipyretic agent."	( Acute acetaminophen toxicity in adults. Saccomano, SJ, 2019)	1.27
"Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a frequent adverse event that can lead to acute or chronic kidney disease and increase the healthcare expenditure."	( Melatonin ameliorates the drug induced nephrotoxicity: Molecular insights. Naureen, Z; Raza, Z, )	0.13
"Acetaminophen is a common analgesic-antipyretic agent, which is safe in therapeutic doses but in higher doses can produce hepatic necrosis."	( Hepatoprotective effect of artichoke leaf extracts in comparison with silymarin on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Abdou, AG; Elsayed Elgarawany, G; Maher Taie, D; Motawea, SM, 2020)	2.23
"Acetaminophen-protein adducts are specific biomarkers of toxic acetaminophen (paracetamol) metabolite exposure."	( Early acetaminophen-protein adducts predict hepatotoxicity following overdose (ATOM-5). Buckley, NA; Chan, BSH; Chiew, AL; Isbister, GK; James, LP; McArdle, K; Pickering, JW, 2020)	2.48
" This study examined a new biomarker of acetaminophen toxicity, which measures the amount of toxic metabolite exposure called acetaminophen-protein adduct."	( Early acetaminophen-protein adducts predict hepatotoxicity following overdose (ATOM-5). Buckley, NA; Chan, BSH; Chiew, AL; Isbister, GK; James, LP; McArdle, K; Pickering, JW, 2020)	1.31
" In this article, we review recent pharmacological and toxicological findings about APAP from basic, clinical, and epidemiological studies, including spontaneous drug adverse events reporting system, especially focusing on drug-induced asthma and pre-and post-natal closure of ductus arteriosus."	( Toxicological Property of Acetaminophen: The Dark Side of a Safe Antipyretic/Analgesic Drug? Ishitsuka, Y; Kadowaki, D; Kondo, Y, 2020)	0.86
"Acute renal failure induced by a toxic dose of acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol, or APAP) is common in both humans and experimental animal models."	( Suppression of glomerular damage and apoptosis and biomarkers of acute kidney injury induced by acetaminophen toxicity using a combination of resveratrol and quercetin. Abdel Kader, DH; Al-Ani, B; Dallak, M; Dawood, AF; Eid, RA; Haidara, MA; Kamar, SS; Shams Eldeen, AM, 2022)	1.2
" HMGB1 acts as a danger-associated molecular patterns during this toxic process but the mechanisms of action and targeted cells are incompletely defined."	( New insights in acetaminophen toxicity: HMGB1 contributes by itself to amplify hepatocyte necrosis in vitro through the TLR4-TRIF-RIPK3 axis. Devière, J; Dressen, C; Gustot, T; Leclercq, I; Lemmers, A; Liefferinckx, C; Minsart, C; Moreau, R; Quertinmont, E, 2020)	0.9
"The presence of anthropogenic drugs in the aquatic ecosystems is a reality nowadays, and a large number of studies have been reporting their putative toxic effects on wildlife."	( Antioxidative and neurotoxicity effects of acute and chronic exposure of the estuarine polychaete Hediste diversicolor to paracetamol. Barbosa, I; Freitas, R; Nunes, B; Pizarro, I, 2020)	0.56
" The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was significantly higher in the AC group compared to NS and PBO."	( Efficacy and safety of naproxen sodium 440 mg versus acetaminophen 600 mg/codeine phosphate 60 mg in the treatment of postoperative dental pain. Cattry, E; Paredes-Diaz, A; Troullos, E, 2020)	0.81
" Time to meaningful pain relief and duration of pain relief were assessed; tolerability was evaluated by adverse events."	( Efficacy and Safety of Single and Multiple Doses of a Fixed-dose Combination of Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen in the Treatment of Postsurgical Dental Pain: Results From 2 Phase 3, Randomized, Parallel-group, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Studies. Cruz-Rivera, M; DePadova, E; Kellstein, D; Leyva, R; Muse, D; Paluch, E; Searle, S, 2020)	0.78
" Adverse event rates were lowest with the FDC."	( Efficacy and Safety of Single and Multiple Doses of a Fixed-dose Combination of Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen in the Treatment of Postsurgical Dental Pain: Results From 2 Phase 3, Randomized, Parallel-group, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Studies. Cruz-Rivera, M; DePadova, E; Kellstein, D; Leyva, R; Muse, D; Paluch, E; Searle, S, 2020)	0.78
" Drug-induced toxicity can be relieved by several natural products, which are preferred due to their dietary nature and less adverse reactions."	( Omega-3 fatty acids protect against acetaminophen-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats through HO-1-Nrf2-BACH1 pathway. Abo El-Magd, NF; Eraky, SM, 2020)	0.83
" First and second groups served as normal and toxic control were given distilled water 6 ml/ kg while third, fourth and fifth experimental groups were given N-acetylcysteine (300 mg/ kg), prazosin (0."	( Hepatoprotective Effect Of Prazosin Is Comparable To N-Acetylcysteine In Acetaminophen Induced Hepatotoxicity In Mice. Chiragh, S; Hussain, M; Shad, MN; Sulaiman, S, )	0.36
" Intraperitoneal or po administration of the new chemical entities (NCEs), 3b and 3r, in concentrations equal to a toxic dose of ApAP did not result in the formation of NAPQI."	( A novel pipeline of 2-(benzenesulfonamide)-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide analgesics that lack hepatotoxicity and retain antipyresis. Abet, V; Alvarez-Builla, J; Bazan, HA; Bazan, NG; Bhattacharjee, S; Burgos, C; Edwards, S; Gordon, WC; Heap, J; Jun, B; Ledet, AJ; Pahng, AR; Paul, D; Recio, J, 2020)	0.56
" As herbal preparations may interact with pharmaceutical drugs the following in vitro study was undertaken to determine whether the toxic effects of paracetamol on liver cell growth in culture would be exacerbated by the addition of psoralen, a furanocoumarin compound that is present in Psoralea corylifolia, a common Chinese herb."	( Paracetamol (acetaminophen) hepatotoxicity increases in the presence of an added herbal compound. Britza, SM; Byard, RW; Musgrave, IF, 2020)	0.93
" There were no serious adverse events related to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19."	( Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Aley, PK; Angus, B; Becker, S; Belij-Rammerstorfer, S; Bellamy, D; Bibi, S; Bittaye, M; Clutterbuck, EA; Dold, C; Douglas, AD; Ewer, KJ; Faust, SN; Finn, A; Flaxman, AL; Folegatti, PM; Gilbert, SC; Green, C; Hallis, B; Heath, P; Hill, AVS; Jenkin, D; Lambe, T; Lazarus, R; Makinson, R; Minassian, AM; Pollard, AJ; Pollock, KM; Ramasamy, M; Robinson, H; Snape, M; Tarrant, R; Voysey, M, 2020)	0.56
" It is adequately comprehended that the metabolism of high-dose APAP by cytochrome P450 enzymes generates N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), a toxic metabolite, which leads to glutathione (GSH) depletion, oxidative stress, and activation of various complex molecular pathways that initiate liver injury and downstream hepatic necrosis."	( Current etiological comprehension and therapeutic targets of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Adelusi Temitope, I; Chowdhury, A; Nabila, J; Wang, S, 2020)	0.8
"This study sought to determine whether a brief intervention at the time of emergency department (ED) discharge can improve safe dosing of liquid acetaminophen and ibuprofen by parents or guardians."	( Medication Education for Dosing Safety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Camargo, CA; Cohen, A; Espinola, JA; Faridi, M; Hayes, BD; Naureckas Li, C; Porter, S; Samuels-Kalow, M, 2020)	0.76
" The primary outcome was defined as parent or guardian report of safe dosing at the time of first follow-up call."	( Medication Education for Dosing Safety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Camargo, CA; Cohen, A; Espinola, JA; Faridi, M; Hayes, BD; Naureckas Li, C; Porter, S; Samuels-Kalow, M, 2020)	0.56
" Among those participants receiving the intervention, 25 of 35 (71%) were able to identify a safe dose for their child at the time of the first call compared with 28 of 62 (45%) of those in the control arm."	( Medication Education for Dosing Safety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Camargo, CA; Cohen, A; Espinola, JA; Faridi, M; Hayes, BD; Naureckas Li, C; Porter, S; Samuels-Kalow, M, 2020)	0.56
"A multifaceted intervention at the time of ED discharge-consisting of a simplified dosing handout, a teaching session, teach-back, and provision of a standardized dosing device-can improve parents' knowledge of safe dosing of liquid medications at 48 to 72 hours."	( Medication Education for Dosing Safety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Camargo, CA; Cohen, A; Espinola, JA; Faridi, M; Hayes, BD; Naureckas Li, C; Porter, S; Samuels-Kalow, M, 2020)	0.56
"Anaphylactoid reactions are well-documented adverse events associated with the intravenous administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in patients with acetaminophen overdose."	( A Case Report of a Severe, Unusually Delayed Anaphylactoid Reaction to Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine During Treatment of Acute Acetaminophen Toxicity in an Adolescent. Cao, DJ; Epperson, LC; Weiss, ST, 2021)	1.03
" Secondary outcomes included morphine consumption at 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery, length of hospital stay, range of motion, daily ambulation distance, and adverse events occurrence."	( Effect and safety of intravenous versus oral acetaminophen after unicompartmental knee replacement: A protocol of randomized controlled study. Guo, D; Li, X; Wang, H; Zhou, T, 2020)	0.82
"Fomepizole (4-methylpyrazole) is safe and has shown efficacy in preclinical models, human hepatocytes and in volunteers against APAP overdose."	( Novel strategies for the treatment of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Akakpo, JY; Jaeschke, H; Ramachandran, A, 2020)	0.83
"IV tramadol is superior to IV paracetamol in relieving acute pain of primary dysmenorrhea with a comparable side effect profile."	( Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Tramadol versus Intravenous Paracetamol for Relief of Acute Pain of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Abbas, AM; Alalfy, M; AlAmodi, AA; Ali, AS; Fadlalmola, HA; Ghamry, NK; Hamza, M; Islam, Y; Mahmoud, AO; Shareef, MA, 2020)	0.56
" It is considered to be safe within a therapeutic range, in case of acute intoxication hepatotoxicity occurs."	( Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside attenuates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomics and multivariate data analysis. Chen, NH; Gao, Y; Li, JT; Li, L; Li, X; Yang, SW; Zhang, L, 2021)	0.88
" Evidence for safety or associations with adverse health outcomes is conflicting, limiting definitive decision-making for healthcare professionals."	( Over-the-counter analgesics during pregnancy: a comprehensive review of global prevalence and offspring safety. Fowler, PA; Hay, DC; Mitchell, RT; Zafeiri, A, 2021)	0.62
" We illustrate that insufficient sulfation leads to a shift in biotransformation of paracetamol to toxic oxidation pathways and patients with low sulfate reserves are at higher risk of paracetamol toxicity."	( Sulfate conjugation may be the key to hepatotoxicity in paracetamol overdose. Chiew, AL; Duffull, SB; Isbister, GK; Li, J, 2021)	0.62
" After drug administration, the children were admitted and observed in the hospital for six hours during which period a half-hourly temperature measurement and monitoring for adverse events were done."	( Ibuprofen versus paracetamol for treating fever in preschool children in Nigeria: a randomized clinical trial of effectiveness and safety. Akande, PA; Alaje, EO; Meremikwu, MM; Odey, FA; Udoh, EE, 2020)	0.56
" The adverse events of both drugs were mild and quite comparable with vomiting being the commonest."	( Ibuprofen versus paracetamol for treating fever in preschool children in Nigeria: a randomized clinical trial of effectiveness and safety. Akande, PA; Alaje, EO; Meremikwu, MM; Odey, FA; Udoh, EE, 2020)	0.56
" The adverse events of both drugs were mild and comparable."	( Ibuprofen versus paracetamol for treating fever in preschool children in Nigeria: a randomized clinical trial of effectiveness and safety. Akande, PA; Alaje, EO; Meremikwu, MM; Odey, FA; Udoh, EE, 2020)	0.56
" At therapeutic recommended doses, acetaminophen forms limited amounts of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone-imine (NAPQI) without adverse cellular effects."	( Assessment of the biochemical pathways for acetaminophen toxicity: Implications for its carcinogenic hazard potential. Atillasoy, E; Bandara, SB; Chappell, GA; Cohen, SM; Deore, M; Eichenbaum, G; Hardisty, JF; Hermanowski-Vosatka, A; Jacobson-Kram, D; Jaeschke, H; Kuffner, E; Monnot, AD; Murray, FJ; Pitchaiyan, SK; Wikoff, D, 2021)	1.16
" The outcome measures of interest in the meta-analysis were ≥ 50% pain relief , need for rescue medications, and occurrence of adverse drug events."	( Efficacy and Safety of Ibuprofen Plus Paracetamol in a Fixed-Dose Combination for Acute Postoperative Pain in Adults: Meta-Analysis and a Trial Sequential Analysis. Abushanab, D; Al-Badriyeh, D, 2021)	0.62
" While inconclusive based on TSA, the FDC was at the highest doses at least as well tolerated as placebo regarding the occurrence of adverse events, including severe, common, and treatment-related adverse events, as well as those that lead to discontinuation, but it was also significantly associated with lower rates of headache and nausea."	( Efficacy and Safety of Ibuprofen Plus Paracetamol in a Fixed-Dose Combination for Acute Postoperative Pain in Adults: Meta-Analysis and a Trial Sequential Analysis. Abushanab, D; Al-Badriyeh, D, 2021)	0.62
" Thus, from the overall result of this study reveals that Phoscoliv can be effectively used as a potent and safe hepatoprotective medicine."	( Hepatoprotective effect of essential phospholipids enriched with virgin coconut oil (Phoscoliv) on paracetamol-induced liver toxicity. Jagmag, T; Jose, SP; Kulkarni, A; Mohanan, R; Sreevallabhan, S; Sukumaran, S; Tilwani, J, 2021)	0.62
" Our results showed that toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) was abundantly expressed in hepatocytes and dramatically downregulated in the toxic mouse livers."	( Exogenous activation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling mitigates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Jeong, H; Kim, B; Kim, JW; Lim, CW; Qi, J; Yang, D; Yang, MS; Zhou, Z, 2021)	0.86
" In reliable, well-controlled test systems, clastogenic effects were only observed in unstable, p53-deficient cell systems or at toxic and/or excessively high concentrations that adversely affect cellular processes (e."	( A comprehensive weight of evidence assessment of published acetaminophen genotoxicity data: Implications for its carcinogenic hazard potential. Deore, M; Eichenbaum, G; Jacobson-Kram, D; Jaeschke, H; Kirkland, D; Kovochich, M; Miller, JV; Monnot, AD; More, SL; Murray, FJ; Pitchaiyan, SK; Unice, K, 2021)	0.86
" Our results clarified that Paracetamol toxicity caused significant adverse effects on hematological, serum biochemical parameters, and oxidant -antioxidant status as well as histopathological picture of heart, liver, and kidney."	( Protective role of Chlorella vulgaris with Thiamine against Paracetamol induced toxic effects on haematological, biochemical, oxidative stress parameters and histopathological changes in Wistar rats. Alkhalifah, DHM; Assar, DH; Elkaw, EM; Hamouda, RA; Hamza, HA; Hozzein, WN; Latif, AAE, 2021)	0.62
"8) against the toxic group (51."	( Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees. extracts on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Akbar, S; Bushra, R; Ghayas, S; Hussain, K; Ishtiaq, S, 2020)	0.56
" These results reveal an FXR-DCA-TNF-α axis that potentiates APAP hepatotoxicity, which could guide the clinical safe use of APAP."	( FXR-Deoxycholic Acid-TNF-α Axis Modulates Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Gonzalez, FJ; Hao, H; Krausz, KW; Luo, Y; Takahashi, S; Wang, G; Wang, H; Yagai, T; Yan, N; Yan, T; Zhao, M, 2021)	0.89
"We extracted pain and adverse events outcomes from 36 systematic reviews that assessed the efficacy of paracetamol in 44 painful conditions."	( The efficacy and safety of paracetamol for pain relief: an overview of systematic reviews. Abdel Shaheed, C; Ahedi, H; Day, RO; Dmitritchenko, A; Ferreira, GE; Kamper, S; Langendyk, V; Latimer, J; Lin, C; Maher, CG; McLachlan, AJ; McLachlan, H; Saragiotto, B; Stanaway, F, 2021)	0.62
" Safety and tolerability of the FDC were assessed by adverse events (AEs) for the total group and subgroups (age, sex, race)."	( Safety and tolerability of fixed-dose combinations of ibuprofen and acetaminophen: pooled analysis of phase 1-3 clinical trials. Cruz-Rivera, M; Kellstein, D; Leyva, R; Meeves, S; Su, J, 2021)	0.86
"Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic, with the potential to cause significant injury when ingested in toxic amounts."	( Evaluation of Dosing Strategies of N-acetylcysteine for Acetaminophen Toxicity in Patients Greater than 100 Kilograms: Should the Dosage Cap Be Used? Akpunonu, P; Bailey, AM; Baum, RA; Geraghty, L; Howell, MM; Mohan, S; Su, MK; Weant, KA; Webb, AN; Woolum, JA, 2021)	2.31
" Secondary endpoints included number of drug-related adverse events, occurrence of hepatotoxicity, cumulative NAC dose, regimen cost, length of hospital and intensive care unit stays, and in-hospital mortality."	( Evaluation of Dosing Strategies of N-acetylcysteine for Acetaminophen Toxicity in Patients Greater than 100 Kilograms: Should the Dosage Cap Be Used? Akpunonu, P; Bailey, AM; Baum, RA; Geraghty, L; Howell, MM; Mohan, S; Su, MK; Weant, KA; Webb, AN; Woolum, JA, 2021)	0.87
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug that is safe and effective in the therapeutic doses, but overdose may cause hepatotoxicity and even acute liver failure (ALF)."	( [Research progress on hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen]. Hu, T; Huang, WQ; Sun, H, 2021)	2.33
"Preterm infants are at greater risk for adverse drug effects due to hepatic immaturity."	( Caffeine disrupts ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene-related pathways and exacerbates acetaminophen toxicity in human fetal immortalized hepatocytes. Bandi, S; Gupta, P; Gupta, S; Maisuradze, L; Sharma, Y; Viswanathan, P, 2021)	0.84
"APAP toxicity model was implemented by administering a toxic dose of APAP."	( The effects of mitochondrial transplantation in acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity in rats. Atalay, O; Celik, E; Cicek, Z; Kubat, GB; Ozler, M; Suvay, S; Ulger, O, 2021)	0.88
"It has been evaluated that mitochondrial transplantation can be used as an important alternative or adjunctive treatment method in liver damage caused by toxic dose APAP intake."	( The effects of mitochondrial transplantation in acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity in rats. Atalay, O; Celik, E; Cicek, Z; Kubat, GB; Ozler, M; Suvay, S; Ulger, O, 2021)	0.88
" Current analgesics have adverse effects."	( Results of two Phase 1, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Studies (Ascending Single-dose and Multiple-dose Studies) to Determine the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered LX9211 in Healthy Participants. Banks, P; Boehm, KA; Bundrant, L; Gopinathan, S; Hunt, TL; Kassler-Taub, K; Tyle, P; Warner, C; Wason, S; Wilson, A, 2021)	0.62
" No deaths or serious adverse events occurred."	( Results of two Phase 1, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Studies (Ascending Single-dose and Multiple-dose Studies) to Determine the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered LX9211 in Healthy Participants. Banks, P; Boehm, KA; Bundrant, L; Gopinathan, S; Hunt, TL; Kassler-Taub, K; Tyle, P; Warner, C; Wason, S; Wilson, A, 2021)	0.62
"These studies found that LX9211 was safe and well tolerated in healthy participants."	( Results of two Phase 1, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Studies (Ascending Single-dose and Multiple-dose Studies) to Determine the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered LX9211 in Healthy Participants. Banks, P; Boehm, KA; Bundrant, L; Gopinathan, S; Hunt, TL; Kassler-Taub, K; Tyle, P; Warner, C; Wason, S; Wilson, A, 2021)	0.62
" It had lower risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects (AEs) than acetaminophen (risk ratio [RR] = 0."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of acetaminophen, topical and oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for knee osteoarthritis: evidence from a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and real-world data. Doherty, M; Kaur, J; Lei, G; Li, X; Persson, MSM; Sarmanova, A; Wei, J; Yang, Z; Zeng, C; Zhang, W; Zhang, Y, 2021)	1.14
" Pain at rest/motion (based on pain visual analog scale (VAS) score), rescue analgesia consumption, satisfaction level and adverse events were assessed after AKS."	( Oxycodone-paracetamol tablet exhibits increased analgesic efficacy for acute postoperative pain, higher satisfaction and comparable safety profiles compared with celecoxib in patients underwent arthroscopic knee surgery. Di, J; Liu, J; Xing, E; Zhang, Y, 2021)	0.62
" Adverse event data was collected throughout the study, in addition to scheduled vital sign assessments, laboratory tests and electrocardiograms."	( Extending the safety profile of the post-operative administration of an intravenous acetaminophen/ibuprofen fixed dose combination: An open-label, multi-center, single arm, multiple dose study. Atkinson, H; Carson, S; Gilchrist, N; Gottlieb, IJ; Stanescu, I, 2021)	0.85
" The FDC was safe when used for 48 h to 5 days."	( Extending the safety profile of the post-operative administration of an intravenous acetaminophen/ibuprofen fixed dose combination: An open-label, multi-center, single arm, multiple dose study. Atkinson, H; Carson, S; Gilchrist, N; Gottlieb, IJ; Stanescu, I, 2021)	0.85
" The results of this study suggest a new toxic mechanism of acetaminophen-induced liver injury in patients with acatalasemia."	( Compromised glutathione synthesis results in high susceptibility to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in acatalasemic mice. Eitoku, M; Matsuura-Harada, Y; Nagaoka, K; Ogino, K; Ogino, N; Suganuma, N; Tomizuka, K, 2021)	1.1
"Objectives We aimed to investigate the safety of zoledronic acid (ZOL) combined with acetaminophen (APAP) regarding both the adverse events and the efficacy of ZOL combined with an eldecalcitol (ELD) in a randomized clinical trial conducted in patients with primary osteoporosis."	( Safety and Efficacy of Zoledronic Acid Treatment with and without Acetaminophen and Eldecalcitol for Osteoporosis. Ikari, K; Mochizuki, T; Okazaki, K; Yano, K, 2021)	1.08
" Administration of acetaminophen plus morphine versus morphine alone did not increase adverse events and a morphine sparing effect of acetaminophen was demonstrated in two studies."	( The efficacy and safety of acetaminophen use following liver resection: a systematic review. Koea, J; Murphy, V; Srinivasa, S, 2022)	1.35
"Use of acetaminophen for adult patients undergoing liver resection surgery as post-operative analgesia at a standard dosage is safe for baseline analgesia."	( The efficacy and safety of acetaminophen use following liver resection: a systematic review. Koea, J; Murphy, V; Srinivasa, S, 2022)	1.47
" Prior studies focused on pharmacokinetics (PK) of APAP in cirrhosis but did not rigorously examine clinical outcomes, sensitive biomarkers of liver damage, or serum APAP-protein adducts, which are a specific marker of toxic bioactivation."	( Short-Term Safety of Repeated Acetaminophen Use in Patients With Compensated Cirrhosis. Dranoff, JA; Fleming, DP; James, LP; Kennon-McGill, S; Mathews, SE; McCullough, SS; McGill, MR; Moran, JH; Peterson, EC; Spencer, HJ; Tripod, ME; Vazquez, JH, 2022)	1.01
" APAP is safe at therapeutic levels, however, an overdose can cause severe liver injury."	( Potential benefits of using hydrogen sulfide, vitamin E and necrostatin-1 to counteract acetaminophen‑induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Abdel-Hakeem, EA; El-Tahawy, NF; Elbassuoni, EA; Saad, AH; Saleh, NEH, 2021)	0.84
"To assess the effectiveness and safety of different preparations and doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, and paracetamol for knee and hip osteoarthritis pain and physical function to enable effective and safe use of these drugs at their lowest possible dose."	( Effectiveness and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid treatment for knee and hip osteoarthritis: network meta-analysis. Almeida, MO; Bobos, P; Bodmer, NS; Cheng, PS; da Costa, BR; Gao, L; Hari, R; Hawker, GA; Hincapié, CA; Iskander, SM; Jüni, P; Kiyomoto, HD; Montezuma, T; Pereira, TV; Rudnicki, M; Saadat, P; Sutton, AJ; Tugwell, P, 2021)	0.62
"3% of the oral NSAIDs, topical NSAIDs, and opioids, respectively, had an increased risk of dropouts due to adverse events."	( Effectiveness and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid treatment for knee and hip osteoarthritis: network meta-analysis. Almeida, MO; Bobos, P; Bodmer, NS; Cheng, PS; da Costa, BR; Gao, L; Hari, R; Hawker, GA; Hincapié, CA; Iskander, SM; Jüni, P; Kiyomoto, HD; Montezuma, T; Pereira, TV; Rudnicki, M; Saadat, P; Sutton, AJ; Tugwell, P, 2021)	0.62
" However, these treatments are probably not appropriate for patients with comorbidities or for long term use because of the slight increase in the risk of adverse events."	( Effectiveness and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid treatment for knee and hip osteoarthritis: network meta-analysis. Almeida, MO; Bobos, P; Bodmer, NS; Cheng, PS; da Costa, BR; Gao, L; Hari, R; Hawker, GA; Hincapié, CA; Iskander, SM; Jüni, P; Kiyomoto, HD; Montezuma, T; Pereira, TV; Rudnicki, M; Saadat, P; Sutton, AJ; Tugwell, P, 2021)	0.62
" RNA-sequencing analysis suggested that Utx deficiency in female mice upregulated antitoxic phase II conjugating enzymes, including sulfotransferase family 2 A member 1 (Sult2a1), thus reduces the amount of toxic APAP metabolites in injured liver; while Utx deficiency also alleviated ER stress through downregulating transcription of ER stress genes including Atf4, Atf3, and Chop."	( Histone demethylase UTX aggravates acetaminophen overdose induced hepatotoxicity through dual mechanisms. Chen, H; Chen, X; Huang, K; Huang, Y; Wang, Q; Wu, D; Xie, Y; Xiong, M; Yang, D; Zheng, L, 2022)	1
"The study aimed at exploring the adverse events following immunization (AEFI) and their incidences among health workers in three different districts of central and western Nepal following the first dose of Covishield vaccine,."	( Adverse events following the first dose of Covishield (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccination among health workers in selected districts of central and western Nepal: A cross-sectional study. Paudel, B; Pyakurel, P; Regmi, A; Subedi, P; Yadav, GK, 2021)	0.62
" Incidence of adverse events was calculated in percentage while Chi-square Test was used to check the association of AEFI with independent variables."	( Adverse events following the first dose of Covishield (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccination among health workers in selected districts of central and western Nepal: A cross-sectional study. Paudel, B; Pyakurel, P; Regmi, A; Subedi, P; Yadav, GK, 2021)	0.62
"More than two-third of the vaccinees developed one or more forms of adverse events, but most events were self-limiting."	( Adverse events following the first dose of Covishield (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccination among health workers in selected districts of central and western Nepal: A cross-sectional study. Paudel, B; Pyakurel, P; Regmi, A; Subedi, P; Yadav, GK, 2021)	0.62
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the popular and safe pain medications worldwide."	( Acetaminophen-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Suppression of Apoptosis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Using Boric Acid. Aytuğ, H; Çoban, FK; Demirel, HH; İnce, S; İslam, İ, 2023)	3.8
" Despite its effectiveness, CDDP might cause severe toxic adverse effects on multiple body organs during cancer chemotherapy, including the kidneys, heart, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and auditory system, as well as peripheral nerves causing severely painful neuropathy."	( Interactions of Analgesics with Cisplatin: Modulation of Anticancer Efficacy and Potential Organ Toxicity. El-Sheikh, A; Khired, Z, 2021)	0.62
"Paracetamol is a popular and safe drug preferred by victims of pain or pyrexia; however, its overdose or abuse is a growing concern worldwide."	( Drynaria quercifolia suppresses paracetamol‑induced hepatotoxicity in mice by inducing Nrf-2. Bhattacharjee, S; Bhattacharya, S; Chatterjee, S; Choudhury, PR; Mandal, DP; Rahaman, A; Sarkar, A; Talukdar, AD, 2022)	0.72
" Although it is well known that APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) is caused by toxic mechanism, recently it is also reported to be immune related."	( Role of caspase-8 and/or -9 as biomarkers that can distinguish the potential to cause toxic- and immune related-adverse event, for the progress of acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Furukawa, Y; Hattori, T; Ijiri, Y; Kato, R; Noda, T; Tanaka, K, 2022)	0.92
" Thereby, in case of N-acetylcysteine refractory, additional administration of steroid hormones should be effective and recommended as a novel strategy for AILI with immune related adverse event (irAE)."	( Role of caspase-8 and/or -9 as biomarkers that can distinguish the potential to cause toxic- and immune related-adverse event, for the progress of acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Furukawa, Y; Hattori, T; Ijiri, Y; Kato, R; Noda, T; Tanaka, K, 2022)	0.92
" We identified a mechanism by which acetaminophen overdose causes an increase in bile acid concentrations (to above toxic thresholds) in hepatocytes."	( Interruption of bile acid uptake by hepatocytes after acetaminophen overdose ameliorates hepatotoxicity. Akakpo, JY; Begher-Tibbe, B; Brackhagen, L; Brecklinghaus, T; Canbay, A; Copple, IM; Curry, SC; Friebel, A; Ghallab, A; Goldring, C; González, D; Hassan, R; Hengstler, JG; Hobloss, Z; Hoehme, S; Hofmann, U; Jaeschke, H; Kappenberg, F; Longerich, T; Luedde, T; Marchan, R; Murad, W; Myllys, M; Olyaee, M; Overbeck, N; Rahnenführer, J; Reinders, J; Schreiter, T; Seddek, AL; Sezgin, S; Sowa, JP; Trauner, M; Urban, S; Vucur, M; Zühlke, S, 2022)	1.24
"Although widely believed by pediatricians and parents to be safe for use in infants and children when used as directed, increasing evidence indicates that early life exposure to paracetamol (acetaminophen) may cause long-term neurodevelopmental problems."	( Paracetamol (acetaminophen) use in infants and children was never shown to be safe for neurodevelopment: a systematic review with citation tracking. Anderson, LG; Cendejas-Hernandez, J; Larivière, V; Lawton, VG; Palkar, A; Parker, W; Sarafian, JT, 2022)	1.28
" However, paracetamol caused fewer adverse effects."	( Comparative safety and efficacy of paracetamol versus non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in neonates with patent ductus arteriosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chatziravdeli, VI; Dardiotis, E; Doxani, C; Katsaras, DN; Katsaras, GN; Mitsiakos, G; Papavasileiou, GN; Stefanidis, I; Touloupaki, M, 2022)	0.72
"We conducted a systematic search of the electronic databases Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase and Web of Science from inception to August 2021 for original research studies of any design that described the use of paracetamol in the prenatal or neonatal (within the first four weeks of life) periods and examined the occurrence of neurodevelopmental, atopic or reproductive adverse outcomes at or beyond birth."	( Long-Term Safety of Prenatal and Neonatal Exposure to Paracetamol: A Systematic Review. Patel, R; Samiee-Zafarghandy, S; Sushko, K; van den Anker, J, 2022)	0.72
" Eleven (100%), 11 (100%), and three (27%) studies on prenatal exposure reported adverse neurodevelopmental, atopic and reproductive outcomes."	( Long-Term Safety of Prenatal and Neonatal Exposure to Paracetamol: A Systematic Review. Patel, R; Samiee-Zafarghandy, S; Sushko, K; van den Anker, J, 2022)	0.72
"The available evidence, although limited, suggests a possible association between prenatal paracetamol exposure and an increased risk of neurodevelopmental, atopic and reproductive adverse outcomes."	( Long-Term Safety of Prenatal and Neonatal Exposure to Paracetamol: A Systematic Review. Patel, R; Samiee-Zafarghandy, S; Sushko, K; van den Anker, J, 2022)	0.72
" The secondary outcomes included the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, adverse events, and medical costs."	( Efficacy, safety, and economic impact of diazepam suppositories with as-needed acetaminophen for prevention of seizure recurrence during the same fever episode in children with suspected simple febrile seizures. Fujita, S; Hataya, H; Kishibe, S; Miyama, S; Morikawa, EK; Morikawa, Y; Narita, K; Sammori, H; Suzuki, S; Takehira, K; Tanaka, M; Tsukamoto, J; Wang, Q; Yano, M, 2022)	0.95
" No severe adverse events occurred, although mild ataxia was observed significantly more often in the patients receiving diazepam and as-needed acetaminophen (29."	( Efficacy, safety, and economic impact of diazepam suppositories with as-needed acetaminophen for prevention of seizure recurrence during the same fever episode in children with suspected simple febrile seizures. Fujita, S; Hataya, H; Kishibe, S; Miyama, S; Morikawa, EK; Morikawa, Y; Narita, K; Sammori, H; Suzuki, S; Takehira, K; Tanaka, M; Tsukamoto, J; Wang, Q; Yano, M, 2022)	1.15
"Compared with as-needed acetaminophen alone, diazepam with as-needed acetaminophen may reduce seizure recurrence more during the same fever episode without severe adverse events or additional costs in children with suspected SFS."	( Efficacy, safety, and economic impact of diazepam suppositories with as-needed acetaminophen for prevention of seizure recurrence during the same fever episode in children with suspected simple febrile seizures. Fujita, S; Hataya, H; Kishibe, S; Miyama, S; Morikawa, EK; Morikawa, Y; Narita, K; Sammori, H; Suzuki, S; Takehira, K; Tanaka, M; Tsukamoto, J; Wang, Q; Yano, M, 2022)	1.26
" The control group received neither acetaminophen nor the extract while the last group received only a toxic dose of acetaminophen."	( Protective Effect of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Pelargonium Graveolens L. on Rats with Acetaminophen- Induced Nephrotoxicity. Akbarpour, B; Asmarian, S; Gholyaf, M; Mohammadi, F, 2022)	1.22
"The results showed that by strengthening cell protection mechanisms against oxidative stress, geranium extract reduces the toxic effects of acetaminophen on mice's kidney function and thus ameliorates the damage."	( Protective Effect of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Pelargonium Graveolens L. on Rats with Acetaminophen- Induced Nephrotoxicity. Akbarpour, B; Asmarian, S; Gholyaf, M; Mohammadi, F, 2022)	1.14
" Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide safe and effective treatment for patients."	( Study on the Protective Effect of Schizandrin B against Acetaminophen-Induced Cytotoxicity in Human Hepatocyte. Cao, Y; Cheng, L; Gao, Z; Wang, L; Wang, T; Wu, W; Zhang, Q, 2022)	0.97
"As a consequence of the altered hepatic architecture in advanced liver disease, drug metabolism is modified by changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, leading to the appearance of adverse effects and drug interactions and increasing the risk of over- or underdosing of medications."	( Management of Pharmacologic Adverse Effects in Advanced Liver Disease. García-Cortés, M; García-García, A, 2022)	0.72
" Like every other drug(s), APAP also undergo metabolism by oxidation or conjugation by glucuronate and sulphate to form the toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI)."	( Protective effect of probiotics against acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity. Dua, TK; Palai, S; Paul, P; Roy, A, 2022)	0.99
" An adverse effect on the hematological system arising out of xenobiotic exposure causes impaired hemostasis and coagulation leading to disease."	( Hematotoxicity of Co-Administration of Bisphenol A and Acetaminophen in Rats and its Amelioration by Melatonin. Akhter, MS; Alshahrani, S; Dobie, G; Hamali, HA; Madkhali, AM; Mobarki, AA; Qadri, M; Rashid, H, 2023)	1.16
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is a relatively safe analgesic drug, but overdosing can cause acute liver failure."	( The concerted elevation of conjugation reactions is associated with the aggravation of acetaminophen toxicity in Akr1a-knockout mice with an ascorbate insufficiency. Fujii, J; Homma, T; Itoh, H; Kawamae, K; Kimura, S; Kobayashi, S; Miyata, S; Nakane, M; Osaki, T, 2022)	2.39
" We studied whether the use of paracetamol had an adverse influence on neonatal adaptation and the outcomes of infants during the first hospitalization."	( Paracetamol preceding very preterm birth: Is it safe? Aikio, O; Hallman, M; Laitala, A; Saarela, T; Vääräsmäki, M, 2022)	0.72
" No perinatal adverse reactions were detected."	( Paracetamol preceding very preterm birth: Is it safe? Aikio, O; Hallman, M; Laitala, A; Saarela, T; Vääräsmäki, M, 2022)	0.72
"Antenatal paracetamol given within 24 h before birth had no adverse effects on extremely or very preterm infants."	( Paracetamol preceding very preterm birth: Is it safe? Aikio, O; Hallman, M; Laitala, A; Saarela, T; Vääräsmäki, M, 2022)	0.72
" Unsolicited adverse events (UAEs) were reported through phone calls or visits, and serious adverse events (SAEs) were recorded per International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guidelines."	( Monitoring of Adverse Events in Recipients of the 2-Dose Ebola Vaccine Regimen of Ad26.ZEBOV Followed by MVA-BN-Filo in the UMURINZI Ebola Vaccination Campaign. Allen, S; Hammoud, N; Ingabire, R; Karita, E; Katwere, M; Magod, B; Mazarati, JB; Mazzei, A; Noben, J; Nsanzimana, S; Nyombayire, J; Parker, R; Priddy, F; Robinson, C; Sayinzoga, F; Tichacek, A; Wall, KM, 2023)	0.91
" The regimen was otherwise safe and well-tolerated."	( Monitoring of Adverse Events in Recipients of the 2-Dose Ebola Vaccine Regimen of Ad26.ZEBOV Followed by MVA-BN-Filo in the UMURINZI Ebola Vaccination Campaign. Allen, S; Hammoud, N; Ingabire, R; Karita, E; Katwere, M; Magod, B; Mazarati, JB; Mazzei, A; Noben, J; Nsanzimana, S; Nyombayire, J; Parker, R; Priddy, F; Robinson, C; Sayinzoga, F; Tichacek, A; Wall, KM, 2023)	0.91
"Paracetamol (acetaminophen) use during pregnancy and early childhood was accepted as safe in the 1970s, but is now a subject of considerable concern."	( The safety of pediatric use of paracetamol (acetaminophen): a narrative review of direct and indirect evidence. Anderson, LG; Bono-Lunn, D; Cendejas Hernandez, J; Jones Iii, JP; Konsoula, Z; Kuchibhatla, M; Lawton, VG; Palkar, A; Parker, W; Patel, E; Reissner, KJ; Sarafian, JT, 2022)	1.35
"ESPB was an efficient and safe procedure for postoperative pain management in PCNL."	( Efficiency and Safety of Erector Spinae Plane Block in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Meta-Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials. Jin, T; Lin, L; Luo, Z; Ma, Y; Xiao, K, 2022)	0.72
"Therapeutic experiments are commonly performed on laboratory animals to investigate the possible mechanism(s) of action of toxic agents as well as drugs or substances under consideration."	( A review: Systematic research approach on toxicity model of liver and kidney in laboratory animals. Abbasnezhad, A; Mohebbati, R; Salami, F, 2022)	0.72
"Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare but serious adverse event that can progress to acute liver failure (ALF)."	( Therapeutic Management of Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury and Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity in the Paediatric Population: A Systematic Review. Aithal, GP; Alvarez-Alvarez, I; Andrade, RJ; Arikan, C; Atallah, E; Lucena, MI; Medina-Caliz, I; Niu, H, 2022)	0.96
" tuberculata at the doses of (1 ml/kg, 2 ml/kg and 3 ml/kg body weight) were significantly lower when compared to toxic control mice group (P<0."	( Hepatoprotective effects of walnut oil and Caralluma tuberculata against paracetamol in experimentally induced liver toxicity in mice. Alharbi, M; Ali, W; Alshammari, A; Aziz, T; Iqbal, Z; Jamil, S; Khan, AA; Khan, FF; Shahzad, M; Ur Rahman, S; Zahid, M, 2022)	0.72
"The liver plays an important role in regulating the metabolic processes and is the most frequently targeted organ by toxic chemicals."	( Acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity: An overview of the promising protective effects of natural products and herbal formulations. Anchi, P; Bansod, S; Chilvery, S; Godugu, C; Khurana, A; Saifi, MA; Yelne, A, 2023)	2.35
" So, it was felt that there is a need for the novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of liver diseases with less adverse effects."	( Acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity: An overview of the promising protective effects of natural products and herbal formulations. Anchi, P; Bansod, S; Chilvery, S; Godugu, C; Khurana, A; Saifi, MA; Yelne, A, 2023)	2.35
"Selective COX-2 inhibitor NSAIDs are safe in patients with N-ERD."	( Which non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is safer in patients with Non-steroids Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (N-ERD)? A single-center retrospective study. Çakmak, ME, 2022)	0.72
"Acetaminophen (APAP), a widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug in clinics, is relatively safe at therapeutic doses; however, APAP overdose may lead to fatal acute liver injury."	( The molecular mechanisms of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and its potential therapeutic targets. Huang, L; Luo, G; Zhang, Z, 2023)	2.65
" We investigate the role of the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), a consolidated pharmacovigilance database, in outlining DSP habits and toxidromes."	( Deliberate Self-Poisoning: Real-Time Characterization of Suicidal Habits and Toxidromes in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System. Bartolucci, M; De Ponti, F; Fusaroli, M; Giunchi, V; Necibi, EN; Pelletti, G; Pelotti, S; Poluzzi, E; Pugliese, C; Raschi, E, 2023)	0.91
"Data from the first quarter (Q1) of 2015 to the fourth quarter (Q4) of 2021 in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database were retrieved for disproportionality and Bayesian analysis."	( Hepatic failure associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: An analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database. Cui, X; Guo, M; Li, D; Xu, Y; Yan, C; Zhao, Y, 2023)	0.91
"Primary outcomes were low back pain intensity (0-100 scale) at end of treatment and safety (number of participants who reported any adverse event during treatment)."	( Comparative effectiveness and safety of analgesic medicines for adults with acute non-specific low back pain: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Bagg, MK; Cashin, AG; Day, R; Ferraro, MC; Gustin, SM; Hagstrom, AD; Jones, MD; Leake, HB; Maher, CG; McAuley, JH; McLachlan, AJ; Nikolakopolou, A; O'Connell, NE; Rizzo, RR; Schabrun, S; Sharma, S; Wand, BM; Wewege, MA, 2023)	0.91
" Although the use of indomethacin is the standard therapy for PDA, it is sometimes not applicable because of its adverse effects, such as renal and platelet dysfunctions."	( iPAPP: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing safety and efficacy of intravenous paracetamol and indomethacin for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Fukuoka, N; Honda, M; Kawada, K; Kikuchi, K; Mikami, M; Motojima, Y; Namba, F; Ogawa, K; Sakatani, S; Sako, M; Ueda, K, 2023)	0.91
" These findings have led some to suggest that acetaminophen is a safe and effective therapy for PDA closure."	( Acetaminophen for the patent ductus arteriosus: has safety been adequately demonstrated? Jensen, EA; McCulley, DJ; Mitra, S; Wright, CJ, 2023)	2.61
"IP-ZA along with standing multiple-doses-per-day acetaminophen, administered to patients in the immediate postfracture period, is not associated with significant acute adverse effects."	( Safety of Inpatient Zoledronic Acid in the Immediate Postfracture Setting. Bolster, MB; Fan, W; Franco-Garcia, E; Leder, BZ; Ly, TV; Mannstadt, M, 2023)	1.16
" As an over-the-counter pain reliever and antipyretic, Acetaminophen is the active metabolite of phenacetin and acetanilide, but it is less toxic than either precursor."	( Hepatoprotective Effect of Vitamin B12 in Acetaminophen Induce Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats. Ahmed Mohammed, R; Fadheel, QJ, 2023)	1.42
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the world's popular and safe painkillers, and overdose can cause severe liver damage and even acute liver failure."	( Xanthohumol protect against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity via Nrf2 activation through the AMPK/Akt/GSK3β pathway. Cao, C; Ci, X; Fan, X; Hou, W; Li, K; Zhu, L, 2023)	2.65
" In this study, using a mouse model of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity, we identified a gut bacterial metabolite that controls the hepatic expression of CYP2E1 that catalyzes the conversion of APAP to a reactive, toxic metabolite."	( Phenylpropionic acid produced by gut microbiota alleviates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Bae, ON; Chang, EB; Cho, S; Guzman, G; Jeong, H; Ko, Y; Lee, H; Leone, VA; Won, KJ; Yang, X, )	0.64
"Paracetamol is widely available and yet is substantially more toxic than other analgesics available without prescription."	( Paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose and hepatotoxicity: mechanism, treatment, prevention measures, and estimates of burden of disease. Buckley, NA; Cairns, R; Chidiac, AS; Noghrehchi, F, )	0.5
"6%) and responded that not all over-the-counter medications are safe during pregnancy (95."	( The use, perceptions and knowledge of safety of over-the-counter medications during pregnancy in a Canadian population. Brogly, SB; Casey, E; Gaudet, L; Velez, MP, )	0.13
" Further research on the risk of over-the-counter medications and combinations in pregnancy is needed to help women to make safe choices during pregnancy."	( The use, perceptions and knowledge of safety of over-the-counter medications during pregnancy in a Canadian population. Brogly, SB; Casey, E; Gaudet, L; Velez, MP, )	0.13
" Due to the strong evidence of increased risk of fever after administration, surveillance of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) is a priority for 4CMenB."	( Adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) with anti-meningococcus type B vaccine (4CMenB): Data of post-marketing active surveillance program. Apulia Region (Italy), 2019-2023. Ancona, D; Di Lorenzo, A; Martinelli, A; Moscara, L; Stefanizzi, P; Stella, P; Tafuri, S, 2023)	0.91

Pharmacokinetics

Microdialysis may provide a minimally invasive method to monitor the free concentrations of drugs, such as acetaminophen, in different compartments.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Using a "simplex" non-linear optimization procedure, the pharmacokinetic parameters were found to be influenced considerably by the choice of the weighting factors (W1) attributed to individual data points."	( Data point weighting in pharmacokinetic analysis: intravenous paracetamol in man. Clements, JA; Prescott, LF, 1976)	0.26
" The average biological half-life after oral administration of 1 g paracetamol was significantly prolonged in patients with hepatic cirrhosis compared to the controls (3."	( Paracetamol (acetaminophen) clearance in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Andreasen, PB; Hutters, L, 1979)	0.63
" The overall plasma elimination of acetaminophen is somewhat slow in the neonate, but is comparable to that of adults in both children and adolescents, as judged by half-life determinations."	( Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in children. Peterson, RG; Rumack, BH, 1978)	0.86
" The administration of papaverine did not change the AUC and Cmax, but tmax was significantly longer."	( Effect of papaverine and atropine on pharmacokinetics of paracetamol administered orally. Gawrońska-Szklarz, B; Kaźmierczyk, J; Samochowiec, L; Wójcicki, J, )	0.13
" The time to reach the peak concentration was shorter by 8% in follicular phase than in males."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in men and women considering follicular and luteal phases. Baskiewicz, Z; Gawrońska-Szklarz, B; Kazimierczyk, J; Raczyński, A; Wójcicki, J, 1979)	0.26
"The pharmacokinetic behaviour of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (paracetamol) after single dose applications of 500 mg and 1000 mg dosages in the form of liquids, tablets and suppositories was compared."	( [Comparative pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in humans following single oral and rectal administration (author's transl)]. Berner, G; Haase, W; Liedtke, R; Nicolai, W; Staab, R; Wagener, HH, 1979)	0.26
" Significant changes were observed after 40% ethanol, an increase of AUC, beta, k12, k21, V2 and t1/2 alpha, decrease of Cmax and prolongation of tmax."	( The effect of a single dose of ethanol on pharmacokinetics of paracetamol. Baśkiewicz, Z; Gawrońska-Szklarz, B; Kazimierczyk, J; Kałucki, K; Wójcicki, J, )	0.13
"The pharmacokinetic characteristics of the analgesic phenacetin have been determined in six healthy adults."	( On the pharmacokinetics of phenacetin in man. Dubach, UC; Raaflaub, J, 1975)	0.25
" There was no significant difference in the biologic half-life and no apparent difference in the volume of distribution of acetaminophen between the three groups of subjects but the anephrics, unlike the normal subjects, showed pronounced accumulation of acetaminophen glucuronide and sulfate in plasma."	( Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen elimination by anephric patients. Briggs, WA; Levy, G; Lowenthal, DT; Oie, S; Van Stone, JC, 1976)	0.79
" Reported pharmacodynamic data were used with pharmacokinetic curves to identify effective therapeutic drug concentrations for optimum therapy for a drug with a "deep tissue" effective compartment."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the design of controlled-release beads with acetaminophen as model drug. Ayres, JW; Hossain, M, 1992)	0.51
" The results demonstrate the importance of defining the precise posture in studies in which pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic measurements are made on drugs which are absorbed rapidly and are subject to presystemic elimination."	( The influence of posture on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered nifedipine. Ahsan, CH; Challenor, VF; Daniels, R; George, CF; Macklin, BS; Renwick, AG; Waller, DG, 1992)	0.28
" Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses were performed with temperature as the effect parameter and mean acetaminophen, total ibuprofen, and ibuprofen stereoisomer concentrations over time."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ibuprofen isomers and acetaminophen in febrile children. Cox, S; Edge, JH; Kelley, MT; Mortensen, ME; Walson, PD, 1992)	0.73
" Both steady-state volume of distribution and elimination half-life of acetaminophen were decreased in diabetic rats by 23 and 25%, respectively."	( Long-term diabetes alters the hepatobiliary clearance of acetaminophen, bilirubin and digoxin. Sherman, SE; Watkins, JB, 1992)	0.76
" Cmax occurred about 2 1/2 hours before maximum antipyresis, when plasma acetaminophen or ibuprofen was 25 to 50% less than Cmax."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in febrile children. Bertrand, KM; Brown, RD; Eichler, VF; Johnson, VA; Kearns, GL; Wilson, JT, 1992)	0.77
" Pirenzepine had no significant effect on plasma paracetamol Cmax (17."	( The effect of pirenzepine on gastric emptying and salivary flow rate: constraints on the use of saliva paracetamol concentrations for the determination of paracetamol pharmacokinetics. Edwards, C; Kamali, F; Rawlins, MD, 1992)	0.28
" The half-life of amantadine after 42 days ingestion was 15."	( Effects of chronic amantadine hydrochloride ingestion on its and acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in young adults. Aoki, FY; Sitar, DS, 1992)	0.52
" Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and compared to determine whether acetaminophen exhibited linear or dose-dependent pharmacokinetics."	( Multiple-dose acetaminophen pharmacokinetics. Ayres, JW; Sahajwalla, CG, 1991)	0.86
" The mean area under the indomethacin plasma concentration curve AUC 0-alpha was 10."	( Lack of effect of paracetamol on the pharmacokinetics of indomethacin and paracetamol in humans. Seideman, P, 1991)	0.28
" The surface area under the curve of paracetamol concentration changes was found to diminish after the bilateral removal of ovaries; there was a shortening of the half-life period for the elimination phase, and also an increase of the total clearance."	( [Effect of estrogens on pharmacokinetics of phenazone and N-acetyl-p-aminophenol]. Kwiatkowski, A, 1991)	0.28
" Therefore, caffeine is maximally effective in potentiating the effect of analgesics at a dose of 10 mg/kg and this potentiation is not due to a pharmacokinetic interaction with the analgesic, and also not due to phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition."	( Determination of the optimal analgesia-potentiating dose of caffeine and a study of its effect on the pharmacokinetics of aspirin in mice. Gayawali, K; Pandhi, P; Sharma, PL, 1991)	0.28
" An analytical method was developed, which detects parent drugs and active metabolites, in order to compare the pharmacokinetic and metabolic behaviour of the two products."	( High-pressure liquid chromatographic evaluation of cyclic paracetamol-acetylsalicylate and its active metabolites with results of a comparative pharmacokinetic investigation in the rat. Lucarelli, C; Marzo, A; Meroni, G; Quadro, G; Ripamonti, M; Treffner, E, 1990)	0.28
"Because serum concentrations of zidovudine decrease after the coadministration of acetaminophen, a pharmacokinetic interaction between zidovudine and acetaminophen is unlikely to increase the risk for hematologic toxicity associated with zidovudine."	( Acetaminophen does not impair clearance of zidovudine. Antoniskis, D; Cohen, J; Ko, R; Koda, R; Leedom, J; Nicoloff, J; Sattler, FR; Shields, M, 1991)	1.95
" The mean residence times for paracetamol or its metabolites were significantly altered by change in posture or by sleep, whereas other pharmacokinetic parameters were unchanged."	( Effects of posture and sleep on the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol (acetaminophen) and its metabolites. Denton, MJ; Roberts, MS; Rumble, RH, 1991)	0.52
" The pharmacokinetic results obtained with microdialysis sampling were the same as those obtained from blood collection."	( In vivo microdialysis sampling for pharmacokinetic investigations. Lunte, CE; Puckett, DL; Scott, DO; Sorenson, LR; Steele, KL, 1991)	0.28
"In order to investigate the in vivo first-pass metabolism of acetaminophen (AAP) following the oral and intraduodenal administration in rats, a pharmacokinetic compartment model including absorption process was developed."	( Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and first-pass metabolism of acetaminophen in rats. Higashi, Y; Kawamata, K; Murakami, T; Tone, Y; Yata, N, 1990)	0.76
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of paracetamol remained unaltered in the presence of the CMRs as compared with those observed after paracetamol without additives, in spite of nearly twenty-fold differences in the dissolution rate between the products."	( Effect of central muscle relaxants on single-dose pharmacokinetics of peroral paracetamol in man. Elo, HA; Paronen, P; Saano, V, 1990)	0.28
" Although acetaminophen elimination half-life can be estimated with reasonable precision using a two-point blood-sampling procedure, clearance and volume of distribution values using the two-point method overestimate the actual values."	( Validity of a two-point acetaminophen pharmacokinetic study. Blyden, GT; Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Luna, BG; Scavone, JM, 1990)	0.99
" No significant alteration of half-life, area under the concentration-time curve or peak concentration of chloramphenicol was observed."	( Lack of effect of paracetamol on the pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol. Neill, P; Nyazema, NZ; Stein, CM; Thornhill, DP, 1989)	0.28
" There were no overall differences observed in the elimination half-life of antipyrine, nor were there significant differences between trials in cumulative urinary excretion or fractional recovery of intact antipyrine, 4-hydroxyantipyrine, norantipyrine, or 3-hydroxymethyl antipyrine."	( Lack of effect of influenza vaccine on the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine, alprazolam, paracetamol (acetaminophen) and lorazepam. Blyden, GT; Greenblatt, DJ; Scavone, JM, 1989)	0.49
" Although total clearance, elimination half-life and steady-state volume of distribution were not altered, biliary clearance of acetaminophen was decreased by 39 to 50%."	( Exposure of rats to inhalational anesthetics alters the hepatobiliary clearance of cholephilic xenobiotics. Watkins, JB, 1989)	0.48
" The pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in plasma from a subject who had orally ingested 975 mg of the drug in tablet form is conducted using this method, and various pharmacokinetic parameters are determined."	( Determination of acetaminophen in human plasma by ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Application to a single-dose pharmacokinetic study. Rustum, AM, 1989)	0.92
"The present work studies the characterization of the pharmacokinetic profile of paracetamol following oral administration of DUOROL tablets containing 500 mg of the active compound."	( Choice of optimum pharmacokinetic model of orally administered paracetamol. Calvo, MB; Dominguez-Gil, A; Lanao, JM; Pedraz, JL, )	0.13
" The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using an Odra-1305 computer under George-3 operation system."	( Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in patients with stomach cancer. Gabriel, J; Gawrońska-Szklarz, B; Wójcicki, J, )	0.13
" Some pharmacokinetic parameters (tmax, Cmax, V2) were changed to a greater extent after 6 than after 2 weeks following the stroke."	( Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in ischemic cerebral apoplexy. Gawrońska-Szklarz, B; Stańkowska-Chomicz, A, )	0.13
" The transplacental clearances from both sides of the placental membrane and the nontransplacental clearances in both the mother and the fetus were then determined using an indirect method, a two-compartment open pharmacokinetic body model."	( Pharmacokinetic studies of the disposition of acetaminophen in the sheep maternal-placental-fetal unit. Benet, LZ; Rudolph, AM; Wang, LH, 1986)	0.53
" The purposes of this investigation were to determine the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in rats when endogenous sulfate depletion is prevented by administration of inorganic sulfate and to develop a simple, physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for the elimination of acetaminophen under these conditions."	( Effect of prevention of inorganic sulfate depletion on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in rats. Levy, G; Lin, JH, 1986)	0.73
"A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the accuracy of predicting acetaminophen levels using the pharmacokinetic equation for first-order absorption and elimination of a single oral ingestion, (Formula: see text) Forty-four acute adult acetaminophen overdoses were studied during a 22-month period."	( Prediction of acetaminophen level from clinical history of overdose using a pharmacokinetic model. Edwards, DA; Fish, SF; Lamson, MJ; Lovejoy, FH, 1986)	0.86
" The mean half-life of acetaminophen during pregnancy (3."	( Acetaminophen pharmacokinetics: comparison between pregnant and nonpregnant women. Piehl, E; Rayburn, W; Shukla, U; Stetson, P, 1986)	2.02
" Diethylmaleate pretreatment decreased the total clearance and increased the half-life of acetaminophen."	( Role of glutathione turnover in drug sulfation: differential effects of diethylmaleate and buthionine sulfoximine on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in the rat. Galinsky, RE, 1986)	0.69
" Thus a pharmacokinetic interaction between CAP and APAP was not demonstrated in acutely ill febrile children during concomitant therapy."	( Absence of a pharmacokinetic interaction between chloramphenicol and acetaminophen in children. Bocchini, JA; Brown, RD; Cotter, DL; Kearns, GL; Wilson, JT, 1985)	0.5
" The total area under the plasma concentration curve and the absorption and elimination half-lives did not, however, differ significantly."	( Impact of dilution on the pharmacokinetic behavior of acetaminophen in rabbits after oral administration. De Beer, JO; Jacobs, GA; Janssens, G; Martens, MA, 1985)	0.52
" Pharmacokinetic parameters compared were t1/2,alpha, t1/2,Z, tmax, Cmax and AUCpo."	( Chronopharmacokinetics of paracetamol in normal subjects. Bosch, E; Malan, J; Moncrieff, J, 1985)	0.27
" The plasma half-life of the unchanged drug was significantly prolonged, and the ratio of the plasma concentrations of unchanged to conjugated paracetamol was significantly higher than in the patients without liver damage."	( The effects of hepatic and renal damage on paracetamol metabolism and excretion following overdosage. A pharmacokinetic study. Prescott, LF; Wright, N, 1973)	0.25
" Pharmacokinetic variables were determined from multiple plasma acetaminophen concentrations measured by liquid chromatography during 12 h after the dose."	( Reduced distribution and clearance of acetaminophen in patients with congestive heart failure. Abernethy, DR; Greenblatt, DJ; Ochs, HR; Schuppan, U, )	0.64
" Measurement by radioimmunoassay of plasma levonorgestrel has been used to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug after oral and intravenous administration in both control and liver-affected animals."	( Influence of acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis on the pharmacokinetics of levonorgestrel. Gommaa, AA; Osman, FH, 1983)	0.64
" In addition, ibuprofen can be combined with acetaminophen without altering the pharmacokinetic profile."	( Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen. Albert, KS; Gernaat, CM, 1984)	0.53
"The effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the pharmacokinetic parameters of acetaminophen (AP) in adult female beagles were studied."	( Effect of antidotal N-acetylcysteine on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in dogs. Mohammad, FK; St Omer, VE, 1984)	0.74
"A pharmacokinetic model of the enterohepatic circulation of acetaminophen glucuronide was investigated in rats with particular attention to a lag time between biliary excretion and reabsorption."	( Pharmacokinetic study of the enterohepatic circulation of acetaminophen glucuronide in rats. Hanawa, M; Iwai, M; Kaneniwa, N; Watari, N, 1984)	0.75
" The main pharmacokinetic parameters and the relative bioavailability were calculated."	( [Comparative pharmacokinetics and biologic availability of paracetamol as suppositories]. Degen, J; Maier-Lenz, H, 1984)	0.27
" Elimination of salicylate involves two saturable (nonlinear) major pathways and three apparently first-order (linear) minor pathways; these mixed order kinetics lead to somewhat complex mathematics affecting elimination half-life which, in turn, can have implications for anticipating side effects and toxicity."	( Pharmacokinetic considerations of common analgesics and antipyretics. Hartwig-Otto, H, 1983)	0.27
" There were no significant differences in the biological half-life (T1/2), the apparent volume of distribution (Vd), and the clearance (C) of antipyrine and paracetamol."	( Pharmacokinetics of antipyrine, paracetamol, and morphine in rat at 71 ATA. Aanderud, L; Bakke, OM, 1983)	0.27
" It was used in a pharmacokinetic study in twelve volunteers."	( [Plasma determination of paracetamol using high performance liquid chromatography. Application to a pharmacokinetic study]. Albin, H; Demotes-Mainard, F; Jarry, C; Vinçon, G, 1984)	0.27
" Oral contraceptive steroid subjects had a lower elimination half-life of acetaminophen (2."	( Increased metabolic clearance of acetaminophen with oral contraceptive use. Abernethy, DR; Ameer, B; Divoll, M; Greenblatt, DJ; Ochs, HR, 1982)	0.78
" Plasma concentrations of paracetamol were measured and pharmacokinetic variables were determined."	( Pharmacokinetics of parenteral paracetamol and its analgesic effects in post-operative dental pain. Rawlins, MD; Seymour, RA, 1981)	0.26
" Paracetamol, the only metabolised drug which is conjugated for which pharmacokinetic parameters have been accurately determined in obesity, undergoes increased clearance in obese subjects."	( Pharmacokinetics of drugs in obesity. Abernethy, DR; Greenblatt, DJ, )	0.13
"The pharmacokinetic behaviour of paracetamol (300 mg) and salicylamide (200 mg) in the course of combined repetitive (three times tau = 4 h) administration of suppositories was investigated in 10 healthy, male volunteers."	( [Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of paracetamol and salicylamide in man after combined rectal application (author's transl)]. Ebel, S; Haase, W; Liedtke, R; Missler, B; Stein, L, 1980)	0.26
" The half-life was the same in the obese patients (2."	( The effect of obesity on acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in man. Granville, GE; Kramer, WG; Lee, WH, 1981)	0.57
"To study the pharmacokinetic interactions between aspirin (250 mg/kg) and simultaneously administered oral acetaminophen (125 mg/kg) or caffeine (50 mg/kg) in male rats, noninterfering GLC assays for these drugs were developed."	( Interactions of aspirin with acetaminophen and caffeine in rat stomach: pharmacokinetics of absorption and accumulation in gastric mucosa. Jager, LP; Olling, M; Seegers, JM; Van Noordwijk, J, 1980)	0.77
" The results obtained are in reasonably good agreement with predictions of acetaminophen disposition based upon a previously developed pharmacokinetic model of capacity-limited acetaminophen elimination, but additional studies are needed to refine that model."	( Acetaminophen pharmacokinetics after overdose. Koup, JR; Levy, G; Slattery, JT, 1981)	1.94
"The pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy of nimesulide were assessed in 2 separate studies that recruited children with hypoglycaemia or upper respiratory tract infection and fever, respectively."	( Clinical and pharmacokinetic study of nimesulide in children. Berardi, M; Guarnaccia, S; Renzetti, I; Ugazio, AG, 1993)	0.29
"The influence of caffeine (60 mg) was studied on the pharmacokinetic characteristics of acetaminophen (500 mg single dose) in ten healthy male human volunteers in a complete cross-over design."	( The effect of caffeine on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in man. Ahmad, B; Gilani, AU; Iqbal, N; Janbaz, KH; Niazi, SK, 1995)	0.77
" There was no effect of ASA, ibuprofen or paracetamol on the single-dose kinetics of ethanol, but concurrent intake of ethanol reduced the peak concentration of ASA by 25%."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions of alcohol and acetylsalicylic acid. Lidén, A; Melander, A; Melander, O, 1995)	0.29
"Measurement of drug concentrations in tissues would be useful for clinical pharmacokinetic studies, but appropriate experimental methods are not available at present."	( Application of microdialysis to clinical pharmacokinetics in humans. Buxbaum, A; Eichler, HG; Georgopoulos, A; Müller, M; Schmid, R; Wasicek, C, 1995)	0.29
" Major pharmacokinetic parameters (absorption half-life, elimination half-life, maximum concentration, time to reach maximum concentration, area under the curve, and area under the inhibitory curve) were calculated for tissues; tissue/plasma concentration ratios could be derived."	( Application of microdialysis to clinical pharmacokinetics in humans. Buxbaum, A; Eichler, HG; Georgopoulos, A; Müller, M; Schmid, R; Wasicek, C, 1995)	0.29
" This technique may become a valuable addition for pharmacokinetic characterization of selected drugs."	( Application of microdialysis to clinical pharmacokinetics in humans. Buxbaum, A; Eichler, HG; Georgopoulos, A; Müller, M; Schmid, R; Wasicek, C, 1995)	0.29
" The Cmax in oral drop and tablet were 11."	( [Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability study on acetaminophen oral drop in healthy volunteers]. Hong, Z; Li, L; Li, Z; Qiang, W; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Zou, J, 1994)	0.55
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of paracetamol were studied after 15 min intravenous infusion of 15 mg/kg of propacetamol (Prodafalgan) in 5 neonates aged less than 10 days and 7 infants aged between 1 and 12 months."	( Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in the neonate and infant after administration of propacetamol chlorhydrate. Autret, E; Breteau, M; Dutertre, JP; Furet, Y; Jonville, AP; Laugier, J, 1993)	0.29
" These results demonstrate that microdialysis may provide a minimally invasive method to monitor the free concentrations of drugs, such as acetaminophen, in different compartments, and allow a multitude of pharmacokinetic data to be obtained from freely moving animals."	( Application of microdialysis to the pharmacokinetics of analgesics: problems with reduction of dialysis efficiency in vivo. Brune, K; Geisslinger, G; Sauernheimer, C; Williams, KM, 1994)	0.49
" The study revealed an increase in AUC and paracetamol half-life as well as decrease in the total body clearance."	( Effect of mestranol on pharmacokinetics of paracetamol. Droździk, M; Gawrońska-Szklarz, B; Kwiatkowski, A; Wójcicki, J, 1994)	0.29
"To evaluate an animal model of multiple-dose activated charcoal (MDAC) therapy and correlate the pharmacokinetic properties of four drugs with the efficacy of MDAC."	( Correlation of drug pharmacokinetics and effectiveness of multiple-dose activated charcoal therapy. Chyka, PA; Holley, JE; Mandrell, TD; Sugathan, P, 1995)	0.29
" Acute intraperitoneal doses of ethanol (1 ml kg-1) are shown to increase the relative bioavailability, measured as AUC, by 40%, elimination half-life by 24%, and changes in CL and Vd were also observed."	( Pharmacokinetic studies using microdialysis probes in subcutaneous tissue: effects of the co-administration of ethanol and acetaminophen. Kissinger, PT; Linhares, MC, 1994)	0.5
" In contrast, there were no observed differences in pharmacokinetic parameters, serum elimination, or biliary excretion for the clinically important cardiac glycoside digoxin (dose of 100 nmol/kg)."	( Chronic voluntary exercise may alter hepatobiliary clearance of endogenous and exogenous chemicals in rats. Crawford, ST; Sanders, RA; Watkins, JB, )	0.13
" The mean half-life was significantly lower and oral clearance was significantly higher in the first trimester group compared to the control group."	( Paracetamol pharmacokinetics during the first trimester of human pregnancy. Beaulac-Baillargeon, L; Rocheleau, S, 1994)	0.29
"To investigate a possible pharmacokinetic interaction between zidovudine and paracetamol."	( Short-term, combined use of paracetamol and zidovudine does not alter the pharmacokinetics of either drug. Beijnen, JH; Burger, DM; Koks, CH; Meenhorst, PL; Underberg, WJ; van der Heijde, JF, 1994)	0.29
" Pharmacokinetic monitoring was performed on day 0 (AZT alone) and after 7 days of combined use of paracetamol and AZT."	( Short-term, combined use of paracetamol and zidovudine does not alter the pharmacokinetics of either drug. Beijnen, JH; Burger, DM; Koks, CH; Meenhorst, PL; Underberg, WJ; van der Heijde, JF, 1994)	0.29
"Combined use of paracetamol and AZT did not result in a significant change in any of the calculated pharmacokinetic parameters of AZT or its primary metabolite AZT-glucuronide."	( Short-term, combined use of paracetamol and zidovudine does not alter the pharmacokinetics of either drug. Beijnen, JH; Burger, DM; Koks, CH; Meenhorst, PL; Underberg, WJ; van der Heijde, JF, 1994)	0.29
" Pharmacokinetic experiments were carried out in all the animals before the operation, 1 month after, and 2 months after ovariectomy."	( [Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol after removal of ovaries in rabbits]. Droździk, M; Gawrońska-Szklarz, B; Kwiatkowski, A; Wójcicki, J, 1993)	0.29
" The pharmacokinetic interactions between paracetamol (PA) and antipyrine (AP) were studied in pigs in order to investigate the usefulness of this combination for the simultaneous assessment of oxidative and conjugative metabolism."	( Dose-dependent pharmacokinetic interaction between antipyrine and paracetamol in vivo and in vitro when administered as a cocktail in pig. Monshouwer, M; Pijpers, A; van Miert, AS; Verheijden, JH; Witkamp, RF, 1994)	0.29
"Exposure to weightlessness induces physiologic changes that may lead to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations of drugs administered to crew members in flight."	( Application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for assessing drug disposition in space. Bourne, DW; Putcha, L; Srinivasan, RS, 1994)	0.29
" A two-compartment open model for extravascular administration was used for calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters."	( [Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in individuals occupationally exposed to polyvinyl chloride modified with plasticizers]. Droździk, M; Gawrońska-Szklarz, B; Górnik, W; Smilgin, Z; Tustanowski, S; Wójcicki, J, 1993)	0.6
" No influence on other pharmacokinetic parameters of either drug could be detected."	( Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine and acetaminophen in a patient on chronic acetaminophen therapy. Beijnen, JH; Burger, DM; Koks, CH; Meenhorst, PL, 1994)	0.57
"The observed pharmacokinetic profiles of both drugs are discussed and compared with two studies dealing with zidovudine therapy in combination with short-term use of acetaminophen and with a case report of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity during concomitant use of zidovudine."	( Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine and acetaminophen in a patient on chronic acetaminophen therapy. Beijnen, JH; Burger, DM; Koks, CH; Meenhorst, PL, 1994)	0.76
" Although other causes cannot be ruled out, there was no influence on other pharmacokinetic parameters of zidovudine."	( Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine and acetaminophen in a patient on chronic acetaminophen therapy. Beijnen, JH; Burger, DM; Koks, CH; Meenhorst, PL, 1994)	0.57
"A pharmacokinetic program using population-based parameter estimates and a Bayesian forecasting model was retrospectively evaluated for predicting acetaminophen serum concentrations in overdose patients."	( Prediction of acetaminophen concentrations in overdose patients using a Bayesian pharmacokinetic model. Gentry, CA; Paloucek, FP; Rodvold, KA, 1994)	0.85
"Successful pharmacokinetic modeling often requires the ability of a simple model to describe a complex series of physiological processes."	( Hepatic disposition of acetaminophen and metabolites. Pharmacokinetic modeling, protein binding and subcellular distribution. Brouwer, KL; Studenberg, SD, 1993)	0.6
"A pharmacokinetic study has been performed on a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, AU-8001 (4'-acetamidophenyl-2-(5'-p-toluyl-1'-methylpyrrole)acetate, CAS 82239-77-8) in the rat, following intravenous (10 mg/kg) and oral (50 mg/kg) administrations."	( Pharmacokinetic study of 4'-acetamidophenyl-2-(5'-p-toluyl-1'-methylpyrrole)acetate in the rat. Domenéch, J; Obach, R; Sabater, J, 1993)	0.29
"3 min of half-life of hepatic uptake) when compared with the control group (15."	( Plasma-kallikrein clearance by the liver of acetaminophen-intoxicated rats. Borges, DR; de Toledo, CF, 1993)	0.55
"To evaluate intrapleural analgesia with bupivacaine following partial pulmonary resection and to determine pharmacokinetic parameters of bupivacaine with epinephrine."	( Interpleural analgesia with bupivacaine following thoracotomy: ineffective results of a controlled study and pharmacokinetics. Debaene, B; Elman, A; Magny-Metrot, C; Murciano, G, )	0.13
" Maximum peak concentration (C Max) and maximum time to reach the peak concentration (T Max) were assessed after the first and last injections."	( Interpleural analgesia with bupivacaine following thoracotomy: ineffective results of a controlled study and pharmacokinetics. Debaene, B; Elman, A; Magny-Metrot, C; Murciano, G, )	0.13
" The half-life for acetaminophen was determined to be 20."	( Pharmacokinetic monitoring in subcutaneous tissue using in vivo capillary ultrafiltration probes. Kissinger, PT; Linhares, MC, 1993)	0.61
" A pharmacokinetic study was conducted to quantitate changes in the formation clearance (Cl(f)) of NAPQI to assess in vivo the activation and inhibition of NAPQI formation by methylxanthines."	( Effects of caffeine and theophylline on acetaminophen pharmacokinetics: P450 inhibition and activation. Lee, CA; Lillibridge, JH; Nelson, SD; Slattery, JT, 1996)	0.56
" The pharmacokinetic calculations in men demonstrated an interaction between paracetamol and caffeine which was indicated by a decrease in plasma paracetamol levels, by a smaller surface under the curve of changes of paracetamol levels indicating faster elimination of the drug after simultaneous administration with caffeine."	( [Influence of caffeine on toxicity and pharmacokinetics of paracetamol]. Raińska-Giezek, T, 1995)	0.29
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by a non-linear least squares program, MULTI(FILT), based on the fast inverse Laplace transform algorithm."	( Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen sulfate after oral administration in rats: analysis of plasma profiles exhibiting a non-linear second peak. Kimura, T; Kurosaki, Y; Nakayama, T; Sawamoto, T, 1996)	0.62
"The pharmacodynamic properties of meloxicam, a new nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), that go beyond those typical of an NSAID were examined."	( General pharmacology of meloxicam--Part II: Effects on blood pressure, blood flow, heart rate, ECG, respiratory minute volume and interactions with paracetamol, pirenzepine, chlorthalidone, phenprocoumon and tolbutamide. Engelhardt, G; Homma, D; Schlegel, K; Schnitzler, C; Utzmann, R, 1996)	0.29
" Both the AUC and the Cmax were less after ER APAP than after IR APAP; otherwise, there was no evident difference in any measure."	( A pharmacokinetic comparison of acetaminophen products (Tylenol Extended Relief vs regular Tylenol) Douglas, DR; Sholar, JB; Smilkstein, MJ, 1996)	0.58
"In this model involving a single supratherapeutic dose, ER APAP evidenced no pharmacokinetic features that would suggest the need for an alternate poisoning screening strategy."	( A pharmacokinetic comparison of acetaminophen products (Tylenol Extended Relief vs regular Tylenol) Douglas, DR; Sholar, JB; Smilkstein, MJ, 1996)	0.58
"Two strains of rats, Sprague-Dawley and Wistar, were assayed in order to determine which strain is the more suitable experimental model for the study of pharmacokinetic alterations induced by spinal cord injury."	( Comparison between Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats as an experimental model of pharmacokinetic alterations induced by spinal cord injury. Castañeda-Hernández, G; Flores-Murrieta, F; García-López, P; Grijalva, I; Guízar-Sahagún, G; Ibarra, A; Madrazo, I; Pérez-Urizar, J, 1996)	0.29
" In present study, in order to evaluate whether there is some alteration of the phase II metabolism including glucuronide and sulfate conjugations in 16-week-old SHRs and the age-matched Wistar rats, the pharmacokinetic parameters of acetaminophen (A), A-sulfate, and A-glucuronide were investigated after intravenous (iv) and oral 100 mg/kg administration of A to 16-week-old SHRs and the age-matched Wistar rats."	( Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen after intravenous and oral administration to spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive Wistar rats. Jang, SH; Lee, MG; Lee, MH, 1994)	0.8
"05) were observed between efficacy measures and the various pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0-300, Cmax and Tmax) for ibuprofen after the soluble dose."	( Are the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen important determinants for the drug's efficacy in postoperative pain after third molar surgery? Hawkesford, JE; Jones, K; Seymour, RA, 1997)	0.3
" However, the area under the plasma concentration time curve and the elimination half-life of paracetamol metabolites increased significantly with worsening renal insufficiency."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics of paracetamol and its conjugates in Chinese non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with renal impairment. Anderson, PJ; Chan, JC; Chan, MT; Critchley, JA; Lau, GS, 1997)	0.3
" Pharmacokinetic models suggest that absorption of acetaminophen is a function of zero-order dissolution of suppositories and first-order absorption from the rectum."	( Twenty-four-hour pharmacokinetics of rectal acetaminophen in children: an old drug with new recommendations. Berkelhamer, MC; Birmingham, PK; Coté, CJ; Fanta, KB; Fisher, DM; Henthorn, TK; Smith, FA; Tobin, MJ, 1997)	0.81
" We present a model based on experimental studies of chemical induction of CYP2E1 by ligand stabilization through which this mechanism of induction can be translated into its pharmacokinetic consequence with regard to clearance of substrate."	( Pharmacokinetic consequences of induction of CYP2E1 by ligand stabilization. Chien, JY; Slattery, JT; Thummel, KE, 1997)	0.3
"To know the influences of a Chinese traditional medicine (KAKKONTO) on the metabolism of acetaminophen (APAP), we have carried out pharmacokinetic studies on APAP under KAKKONTO coadministration in humans and rats."	( Pharmacokinetic study on acetaminophen: interaction with a Chinese medicine. Honda, Y; Mineshita, S; Qi, J; Toyoshima, A, 1997)	0.82
" The plasma level-time curves were fitted according to one compartment open pharmacokinetic model."	( [The effect of exercise on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid]. Sawrymowicz, M, 1997)	0.55
" No statistically or clinically relevant differences were observed in maximum concentration (Cmax), time to Cmax (tmax), or elimination half-life of troglitazone, its two main metabolites, and acetaminophen or in acetaminophen urinary sulfate excretion, although there was a slight decrease in acetaminophen glucuronide excretion during administration with troglitazone."	( Coadministration of acetaminophen and troglitazone: pharmacokinetics and safety. Eastmond, R; Lettis, S; Young, MA, 1998)	0.81
" Estimation of population pharmacokinetic parameters was made using both a standard two-stage population approach (MKMODEL) and a nonlinear mixed effect model (NONMEM)."	( Paracetamol plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics in children. Anderson, BJ; Chan, PL; Holford, NH; Woollard, GA, 1998)	0.3
" Pharmacokinetic interactions between these two classes of drugs have been described in experimental models, and exceptionally in humans."	( Pharmacokinetic parameters and killing rates in serum of volunteers receiving amoxicillin, cefadroxil or cefixime alone or associated with niflumic acid or paracetamol. Bernard, E; Carsenti-Etesse, H; De Salvador, F; Dellamonica, P; Durant, J; Farinotti, R; Roger, PM; Rouveix, B, )	0.13
"There are no adequate pharmacodynamic data relating concentrations of acetaminophen in serum to analgesia."	( Perioperative pharmacodynamics of acetaminophen analgesia in children. Anderson, BJ; Holford, NH; Kanagasundaram, S; Mahadevan, M; Woollard, GA, 1999)	0.82
"Mean (% CV) estimates of population pharmacokinetic parameters with percent coefficient of variation, standardized to a 70-kg person, for a one-compartment model with first-order input, lag time, and first order-elimination were a volume of distribution of 60 (21) 1 and a clearance of 13."	( Perioperative pharmacodynamics of acetaminophen analgesia in children. Anderson, BJ; Holford, NH; Kanagasundaram, S; Mahadevan, M; Woollard, GA, 1999)	0.58
" The (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of warfarin exhibited significantly different pharmacokinetic properties."	( The effects of acetaminophen on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin. Bartle, WR; Kwan, D; Walker, SE, 1999)	0.66
" Thus, not only drug monitoring but also pharmacokinetic investigations from blood plasma have become possible without further sample pretreatment."	( Pharmacokinetic investigations with direct injection of plasma samples: possible savings using capillary electrophoresis (CE). Kunkel, A; Wätzig, H, 1999)	0.3
" Neither the elimination half-life nor the area under the curve was significantly different between the two sessions."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between acetaminophen and lansoprazole. Enatsu, I; Hanada, Y; Kuyama, Y; Makino, H; Mineshita, S; Qi, J; Sanaka, M; Tanaka, H; Yamanaka, M, 1999)	0.58
"Despite widespread use in children pharmacokinetic data about paracetamol are relatively scarce, not the least in the youngest age groups."	( Plasma paracetamol concentrations and pharmacokinetics following rectal administration in neonates and young infants. Hansen, TG; Morton, NS; O'Brien, K; Rasmussen, SN, 1999)	0.3
" the mean Tmax was 102."	( Plasma paracetamol concentrations and pharmacokinetics following rectal administration in neonates and young infants. Hansen, TG; Morton, NS; O'Brien, K; Rasmussen, SN, 1999)	0.3
"The use of marker compounds for estimating drug metabolic capacity or pharmacokinetic parameters is common in the biological sciences."	( Simple and rapid assay for acetaminophen and conjugated metabolites in low-volume serum samples. Bai, S; Brunner, LJ, 1999)	0.6
" Serum concentrations were determined serially with an HPLC method, and pharmacokinetic analysis was performed."	( Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of rectally administered acetaminophen in term infants. Deinum, HT; Okken, A; Quak, CM; Tibboel, D; van Lingen, RA, 1999)	0.55
"A small but statistically significant increase in Cmax occurred after treatment with cisapride owing to faster gastric emptying rate as shown by the paracetamol absorption test."	( Impact of gastric emptying on the pharmacokinetics of ethanol as influenced by cisapride. Jones, AW; Jönsson, KA; Kechagias, S, 1999)	0.3
" The time-concentration profiles for each individual were used to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters using a non-linear mixed effects model (NONMEM)."	( Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in adults after cardiac surgery. Anderson, BJ; Holford, NH; Schuitmaker, M; Woollard, GA, 1999)	0.3
" Applicability of the method was demonstrated by a pharmacokinetic study in normal volunteers who received 2 mg propacetamol."	( Rapid liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of acetaminophen in plasma after propacetamol administration: application to pharmacokinetic studies. Calahorra, B; Campanero, MA; García-Quétglas, E; Honorato, J; López-Ocáriz, A, 1999)	0.55
" An open, randomised, crossover study design was used to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of soluble aspirin and solid paracetamol tablets in 16 healthy, male volunteers from the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, in both fed and fasted states."	( Comparison of the pharmacokinetic profiles of soluble aspirin and solid paracetamol tablets in fed and fasted volunteers. Chetty, M; Clinton, C; Havlik, I; Little, S; Moodley, I; Muir, N; Schall, R; Stillings, M, 2000)	0.31
" These neonatal and infant data were then included with data from four published studies of paracetamol pharmacokinetics (n = 221) and age-related pharmacokinetic changes investigated."	( A model for size and age changes in the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in neonates, infants and children. Anderson, BJ; Holford, NH; Woollard, GA, 2000)	0.31
"Population pharmacokinetic parameter estimates and their coefficients of variation (CV%) for a one compartment model with first order input, lag time and first order elimination were volume of distribution 69."	( A model for size and age changes in the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in neonates, infants and children. Anderson, BJ; Holford, NH; Woollard, GA, 2000)	0.31
"Two open-label, two-way, crossover studies were performed to assess any pharmacokinetic interaction of telmisartan with either acetaminophen or ibuprofen."	( Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen and ibuprofen when coadministered with telmisartan in healthy volunteers. Fraunhofer, A; Stangier, J; Su, CA; Tetzloff, W, 2000)	0.84
"The plasma pharmacokinetic profile of acetaminophen did not change significantly at D7 compared to D1."	( Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in polymedicated very old patients with rheumatic pain. Bannwarth, B; Lagrange, F; Le Bars, M; Matoga, M; Maury, S; Palisson, M; Pehourcq, F, 2001)	0.84
" On the basis of pharmacokinetic data alone, a dose regimen of acetaminophen 1 g tid seems to be appropriate in such patients."	( Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in polymedicated very old patients with rheumatic pain. Bannwarth, B; Lagrange, F; Le Bars, M; Matoga, M; Maury, S; Palisson, M; Pehourcq, F, 2001)	0.81
" Plasma concentration profiles and pharmacokinetic parameters of acetaminophen in rabbits were investigated after oral administration of the prepared tablets."	( Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen from rapidly disintegrating compressed tablet prepared using microcrystalline cellulose (PH-M-06) and spherical sugar granules. Endo, H; Fujii, M; Ishikawa, T; Koizumi, N; Matsumoto, M; Mukai, B; Shirotake, S; Utoguchi, N; Watanabe, Y, 2001)	0.87
" Based on the authors' previous pharmacokinetic data, they examined whether a 40-mg/kg loading dose followed by 20-mg/kg doses at 6-h intervals maintain serum concentrations within the target range of 10-20 microg/ml, without evidence of accumulation."	( Initial and subsequent dosing of rectal acetaminophen in children: a 24-hour pharmacokinetic study of new dose recommendations. Birmingham, PK; Coté, CJ; Fisher, DM; Hall, SC; Henthorn, TK; Tobin, MJ, 2001)	0.58
" The authors assessed whether their published pharmacokinetic parameters predicted the acetaminophen concentrations in the present study."	( Initial and subsequent dosing of rectal acetaminophen in children: a 24-hour pharmacokinetic study of new dose recommendations. Birmingham, PK; Coté, CJ; Fisher, DM; Hall, SC; Henthorn, TK; Tobin, MJ, 2001)	0.8
" Pharmacokinetic parameters from the earlier study predicted the serum concentrations observed for both initial and subsequent doses."	( Initial and subsequent dosing of rectal acetaminophen in children: a 24-hour pharmacokinetic study of new dose recommendations. Birmingham, PK; Coté, CJ; Fisher, DM; Hall, SC; Henthorn, TK; Tobin, MJ, 2001)	0.58
" There was large interindividual variability in pharmacokinetic characteristics."	( Initial and subsequent dosing of rectal acetaminophen in children: a 24-hour pharmacokinetic study of new dose recommendations. Birmingham, PK; Coté, CJ; Fisher, DM; Hall, SC; Henthorn, TK; Tobin, MJ, 2001)	0.58
" Plasma acetaminophen concentrations were determined using HPLC, and its main pharmacokinetic parameters were generated."	( Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in Hong Kong Chinese subjects. Chow, AH; Chow, MS; Tomlinson, B; Yin, OQ, 2001)	1.07
" Characterization of the pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic behavior of operationally critical medications is crucial for their effective use in flight; as a first step, we sought to determine whether drugs administered in space actually reach the site of action at concentrations sufficient to elicit the therapeutic response."	( Pharmacokinetic consequences of spaceflight. Cintrón, NM; Putcha, L, 1991)	0.28
" Oxycodone AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), and Cmax were dose dependent, whereas tma and t(1/2) were not."	( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of oxycodone administered in three Percocet formulations. Davis, MW; Gammaitoni, AR, 2002)	0.31
"A population pharmacokinetic analysis of acetaminophen time-concentration profiles in 283 children (124 aged < or = 6 months) reported in six studies was undertaken using nonlinear mixed-effects models."	( Acetaminophen developmental pharmacokinetics in premature neonates and infants: a pooled population analysis. Anderson, BJ; Hansen, TG; Holford, NH; Lin, YC; van Lingen, RA, 2002)	2.02
"Population pharmacokinetic parameter estimates and their variability (percent) for a one-compartment model with first-order input, lag time, and first-order elimination were as follows: volume of distribution, 66."	( Acetaminophen developmental pharmacokinetics in premature neonates and infants: a pooled population analysis. Anderson, BJ; Hansen, TG; Holford, NH; Lin, YC; van Lingen, RA, 2002)	1.76
"The contribution of an entero-salivary recirculation (salivary secretion-swallowed-reabsorption of drug from the gastrointestinal tract) to the values of the pharmacokinetic parameters of paracetamol was studied in a two-way crossover design."	( Importance of entero-salivary recirculation in paracetamol pharmacokinetics. Niselman, A; Rubio, M; Schaiquevich, P, 2002)	0.31
"The reliability of the serum acetaminophen (APAP) concentration at 45 min (C45) as a measure of gastric emptying (GE) has been evaluated using a pharmacokinetic simulation work."	( [The validity of serum acetaminophen concentration at 45 min as an index of gastric emptying rate: a study based on pharmacokinetic theories]. Anjiki, H; Hattori, K; Ishii, T; Kuyama, Y; Obara, M; Saitoh, M; Sanaka, M; Takikawa, H; Yamamoto, T, 2002)	0.92
" CL(int,in vivo) was calculated from in vivo pharmacokinetic data using two frequently used mathematical models (the well stirred and dispersion models)."	( Utility of hepatocytes in predicting drug metabolism: comparison of hepatic intrinsic clearance in rats and humans in vivo and in vitro. Kagayama, A; Naritomi, Y; Sugiyama, Y; Terashita, S, 2003)	0.32
" In the control group there were no significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters for paracetamol in 24-25 and 28-29-day-old calves."	( The effect of food or water deprivation on paracetamol pharmacokinetics in calves. Antoszek, J; Grochowina, B; Janus, K; Muszczynski, Z; Suszycki, S, 2003)	0.32
" The plasma Cmax showed a significant increase (10."	( Influence of simulated weightlessness on the oral pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen as a gastric emptying probe in man: a plasma and a saliva study. Bareille, MP; Gandia, P; Guell, A; Houin, G; Lavit, M; Le-Traon, AP; Saivin, S, 2003)	0.55
" Since space experiments are infrequent and difficult to perform, in order to evaluate pharmacokinetic modifications, simulation experiments of weightlessness have to be carried out on earth, using animal-models such as the Morey-Holton model."	( Influence of simulated weightlessness on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen administered by the oral route: a study in the rat. Gandia, P; Houin, G; Lavit, M; Saivin, S, 2004)	0.56
" A comparison is also presented between several methods based on animal pharmacokinetic data, using the same set of proprietary compounds, and it lends further support for the use of this method, as opposed to methods that require the gathering of pharmacokinetic data in laboratory animals."	( Prediction of human volume of distribution values for neutral and basic drugs. 2. Extended data set and leave-class-out statistics. Gao, F; Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Shalaeva, MY, 2004)	0.32
" A population pharmacokinetic analysis of paracetamol (acetaminophen) time-concentration profiles in 48 neonates was undertaken using non-linear mixed-effects models."	( Intravenous paracetamol (propacetamol) pharmacokinetics in term and preterm neonates. Allegaert, K; Anderson, BJ; de Hoon, J; Debeer, A; Devlieger, H; Naulaers, G; Tibboel, D; Verbesselt, R, 2004)	0.57
" Pharmacokinetic values obtained were found to be in similar ranges as those previously reported."	( Effect of zobo drink (Hibiscus sabdariffa water extract) on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in human volunteers. Kolawole, JA; Maduenyi, A, )	0.36
"A preliminary pharmacokinetic study of paracetamol was carried out in Nigerians for whom it is normal to consume paracetamol or its combination during almost any type of symptoms."	( Pharmacokinetics and saliva secretion of paracetamol in healthy male Nigerians. Babalola, CP; Femi-Oyewo, MN; Oladimeji, FA, )	0.13
"To study the pharmacokinetic and metabolism profiles of a single dose of acetaminophen in patients with cirrhosis."	( Pharmacokinetic variations of acetaminophen according to liver dysfunction and portal hypertension status. Carnicer, F; Esteban, A; Frances, R; Horga, JF; Lasso de la Vega, MC; Palazòn, JM; Pascual, S; Pérez-Mateo, M; Such, J; Zapater, P, 2004)	0.84
"01) and higher elimination half-life (3."	( Pharmacokinetic variations of acetaminophen according to liver dysfunction and portal hypertension status. Carnicer, F; Esteban, A; Frances, R; Horga, JF; Lasso de la Vega, MC; Palazòn, JM; Pascual, S; Pérez-Mateo, M; Such, J; Zapater, P, 2004)	0.61
"The chimpanzee (CHP) was evaluated as a pharmacokinetic model for humans (HUMs) using propranolol, verapamil, theophylline, and 12 proprietary compounds."	( The chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) as a pharmacokinetic model for selection of drug candidates: model characterization and application. Bai, SA; Christ, DD; Diamond, S; Grace, JE; Grossman, SJ; He, K; Qian, M; Wong, H; Wright, MR; Yeleswaram, K, 2004)	0.32
" The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the semi-logarithmic plots of concentration-time data for PCM."	( Alteration of oral salivary pharmacokinetics of paracetamol by an investigational anti-malarial phytomedicine, in healthy human volunteers. Inyang, U; Mustapha, K; Obodozie, O, )	0.13
"Surgery, with all its potential influencing factors, together with chemotherapy given about 4 weeks previously do not seem to have a major impact on the pharmacokinetic behavior and the between-subject variability of paracetamol after intravenous administration."	( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous paracetamol in children and adolescents under major surgery. Boos, J; Hempel, G; Koling, S; Pinheiro, PV; Reich, A; Schulze-Westhoff, P; Würthwein, G, 2005)	0.33
" Serum APAP concentrations (APAPs) were measured hourly from zero through eight hours and again at 24 hours, and basic noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were compared."	( Pharmacokinetic effects of diphenhydramine or oxycodone in simulated acetaminophen overdose. Goklaney, A; Halcomb, SE; Mullins, ME; Sivilotti, ML, 2005)	0.56
"A population pharmacokinetic analysis of paracetamol time-concentration profiles (846 observations) from 144 children [postconception age (PCA) 27 weeks-14 years] was undertaken using nonlinear mixed effects models (NONMEM)."	( Pediatric intravenous paracetamol (propacetamol) pharmacokinetics: a population analysis. Allegaert, K; Anderson, BJ; Autret-Leca, E; Boccard, E; Pons, G, 2005)	0.33
" Pharmacokinetic model fits showed that about half of the oral talinolol dose given with and without meal is drained from the intestine via a presystemic storage compartment."	( The talinolol double-peak phenomenon is likely caused by presystemic processing after uptake from gut lumen. Bernsdorf, A; Giessmann, T; Hartmann, V; Modess, C; Mrazek, C; Nagel, S; Siegmund, W; Wegner, D; Weitschies, W; Zschiesche, M, 2005)	0.33
" Large patient-to-patient variations in pharmacokinetic parameters occurred, although intraindividual variability was limited."	( Inter- and intraindividual variabilities in pharmacokinetics of fentanyl after repeated 72-hour transdermal applications in cancer pain patients. Bressolle, F; Caumette, L; Culine, S; Garcia, F; Pinguet, F; Poujol, S; Solassol, I, 2005)	0.33
"The mean Cmax of 11."	( The pharmacokinetics of a single rectal dose of paracetamol (40 mg x kg(-1)) in children with liver disease. Addison, R; Ashley, EM; Cormack, CR; Howell, T; Keating, J; Sherwood, RA; Sudan, S, 2006)	0.33
" Maximal paracetamol concentration (Cmax), time to Cmax (Tmax), area under the curve (AUC) and elimination half-life (t(1/2)) were compared."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of Panadol Extend and immediate-release paracetamol in a simulated overdose model. Graudins, A; Tan, C, 2006)	0.33
" Panadol Extend produced lower Cmax (0."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of Panadol Extend and immediate-release paracetamol in a simulated overdose model. Graudins, A; Tan, C, 2006)	0.33
"Reductions in Panadol Extend Cmax and AUC(0-12 h) might be related to elimination occurring during the absorption phase."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of Panadol Extend and immediate-release paracetamol in a simulated overdose model. Graudins, A; Tan, C, 2006)	0.33
" However, a significantly shorter elimination half-life of PCM was observed in the thalassemic subjects (p<0."	( A pharmacokinetic study of paracetamol in Thai beta-thalassemia/HbE patients. Chantharaksri, U; Fucharoen, P; Fucharoen, S; Howard, TA; Morales, NP; Sanvarinda, Y; Sirankapracha, P; Tankanitlert, J; Temsakulphong, A; Ware, RE, 2006)	0.33
" Our pharmacokinetic data provide additional evidence that plasma PCM-G is higher in thalassemic patients with hyperbilirubinemia, which could be a casual relationship in regulating the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase expression."	( A pharmacokinetic study of paracetamol in Thai beta-thalassemia/HbE patients. Chantharaksri, U; Fucharoen, P; Fucharoen, S; Howard, TA; Morales, NP; Sanvarinda, Y; Sirankapracha, P; Tankanitlert, J; Temsakulphong, A; Ware, RE, 2006)	0.33
" The objective of this pharmacokinetic study was to compare the rate of absorption of PS versus P at a 500 mg dose."	( A pharmacokinetic study investigating the rate of absorption of a 500 mg dose of a rapidly absorbed paracetamol tablet and a standard paracetamol tablet. Burnett, I; Grattan, TJ; Ibáñez, Y; Luján, M; Martin, AJ; Rodríguez, JM, 2006)	0.33
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were measured in salivary samples using a colorimetric method."	( Oral ciprofloxacin affects the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in saliva. El-Abadla, NS; Issa, MM; Nejem, RM, 2006)	0.33
"05) and paracetamol half-life was prolonged (1."	( Oral ciprofloxacin affects the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in saliva. El-Abadla, NS; Issa, MM; Nejem, RM, 2006)	0.33
" A sigmoid Emax model was used as the pharmacodynamic model."	( Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of acetaminophen analgesia in Japanese patients with chronic pain. Aoyama, T; Aoyama, Y; Matsumoto, Y; Ohe, Y; Shinoda, S; Tomioka, S, 2007)	0.61
" The paracetamol pharmacokinetic profile was assessed in 26 subjects after both the 2-g starting dose and the 1-g doses."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of paracetamol following intravenous administration of 5 g during the first 24 h with a 2-g starting dose. Dufour, G; Evene, E; Gendron, A; Gregoire, N; Gualano, V; Hovsepian, L, 2007)	0.34
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were measured in plasma samples using a microbiological assay."	( Effects of paracetamol on the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in plasma using a microbiological assay. El-Abadla, NS; El-Naby, MK; Issa, MM; Kheiralla, ZA; Nejem, RM; Roshdy, AA, 2007)	0.34
"No significant differences were found as a result of concomitant administration of paracetamol in the ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetic parameters oral clearance (CL/F) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F)."	( Effects of paracetamol on the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in plasma using a microbiological assay. El-Abadla, NS; El-Naby, MK; Issa, MM; Kheiralla, ZA; Nejem, RM; Roshdy, AA, 2007)	0.34
" We believe that a pharmacokinetic interaction may have occurred."	( Effects of paracetamol on the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in plasma using a microbiological assay. El-Abadla, NS; El-Naby, MK; Issa, MM; Kheiralla, ZA; Nejem, RM; Roshdy, AA, 2007)	0.34
" This pharmacokinetic feature could prove crucial from the therapeutic point of view as it would allow a lower latency in the action time of paracetamol in producing its analgesic and antithermal effect."	( Relative bioavailability of new formulation of paracetamol effervescent powder containing sodium bicarbonate versus paracetamol tablets: a comparative pharmacokinetic study in fed subjects. de los Santos, MC; Di Girolamo, G; Gonzalez, CD; Keller, G; Lopez, MI; Massa, JM; Opezzo, JA; Schere, D, 2007)	0.34
" These results suggest that rutaecarpine might cause changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of APAP in rats."	( The effects of rutaecarpine on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in rats. Bista, SR; Jahng, Y; Jeong, H; Jeong, TC; Kang, MJ; Kim, DH; Lee, SK, 2007)	0.59
" The paracetamol's absorption phase and elimination half-life appeared prolonged, with peak blood concentration occurring at 20 hours post-ingestion, requiring an extended course of intravenous N-acetylcysteine."	( Prolonged absorption and delayed peak paracetamol concentration following poisoning with extended-release formulation. Buckley, NA; Roberts, DM, 2008)	0.35
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."	( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)	0.35
" A population pharmacokinetic analysis of the paracetamol plasma concentration time-profiles was undertaken using nonlinear mixed effects models."	( Pharmacokinetics and analgesic effects of intravenous propacetamol vs rectal paracetamol in children after major craniofacial surgery. Anderson, BJ; Mathot, RA; Prins, SA; Searle, S; Tibboel, D; Van Dijk, M; Van Leeuwen, P, 2008)	0.35
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were standardized to a 70 kg person using allometric '1/4 power' models."	( Pharmacokinetics and analgesic effects of intravenous propacetamol vs rectal paracetamol in children after major craniofacial surgery. Anderson, BJ; Mathot, RA; Prins, SA; Searle, S; Tibboel, D; Van Dijk, M; Van Leeuwen, P, 2008)	0.35
" Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed significantly prolonged acetaminophen absorption and a second peak acetaminophen concentration of 228 microg/mL approximately 48 hours postingestion."	( Acetaminophen overdose with altered acetaminophen pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity associated with premature cessation of intravenous N-acetylcysteine therapy. Hoffman, RS; Howland, MA; Nelson, LS; Smith, SW, 2008)	2.03
" As pharmacokinetic studies in this population are hampered by limitations in the number and volume of plasma samples, we developed an LC-MS/MS assay for the simultaneous determination of these medications in small volume human plasma specimens for pharmacokinetic evaluations in neonates."	( A tandem mass spectrometry assay for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, caffeine, phenytoin, ranitidine, and theophylline in small volume pediatric plasma specimens. Budha, NR; Christensen, ML; Mehrotra, N; Meibohm, B; Zhang, Y, 2008)	0.58
" Size is the primary covariate and although lean body weight is argued as a better measure than total body weight, the use of different fractions of fat mass to explain how pharmacokinetic parameters vary with body composition has been proposed."	( Mechanistic basis of using body size and maturation to predict clearance in humans. Anderson, BJ; Holford, NH, 2009)	0.35
" Finally, this procedure was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study."	( Two-dimensional liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of ketorolac enantiomers and paracetamol in human plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study. Besson, M; Daali, Y; Dayer, P; Desmeules, JA; Ing-Lorenzini, KR; Veuthey, JL, 2009)	0.35
" The following study examined the pharmacokinetic profile and clinical associations of adducts in 53 adults with acute APAP overdose resulting in acute liver failure."	( Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen-protein adducts in adults with acetaminophen overdose and acute liver failure. Capparelli, E; Davern, TJ; Hinson, JA; James, LP; Lee, WM; Letzig, L; Roberts, DW; Simpson, PM, 2009)	0.68
" Various pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non compartmental model."	( Pharmacokinetic-interaction of Vitex negundo Linn. & paracetamol. Mishra, B; Nagwani, S; Tiwari, OP; Tripathi, YB, 2009)	0.35
"No clinically relevant changes were noted in the serum concentrations of tapentadol, and accordingly, no dosage adjustments with respect to the investigated pharmacokinetic mechanism of interaction are warranted for the administration of tapentadol given concomitantly with acetaminophen, naproxen, or acetylsalicylic acid."	( Effects of acetaminophen, naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid on tapentadol pharmacokinetics: results of two randomized, open-label, crossover, drug-drug interaction studies. Mangold, B; Oh, C; Ravenstijn, PG; Rengelshausen, J; Smit, JW; Terlinden, R; Upmalis, D; Wang, SS, 2010)	0.93
"Overall, pharmacokinetic data were roughly comparable with earlier publications, but differences were noted in the subgroup ICU patients."	( Paracetamol for intravenous use in medium--and intensive care patients: pharmacokinetics and tolerance. Brüggemann, RJ; de Maat, MM; Ponssen, HH; Tijssen, TA, 2010)	0.36
" Alterations in these pharmacokinetic principles have been rarely reported."	( Bactrian ("double hump") acetaminophen pharmacokinetics: a case series and review of the literature. Burke, CR; Hendrickson, RG; McKeown, NJ; West, PL, 2010)	0.66
" Reported here are the results of two studies on the pharmacokinetic properties of a novel ibuprofen (200 mg) and paracetamol (500 mg) fixed-dose combination tablet."	( The pharmacokinetic profile of a novel fixed-dose combination tablet of ibuprofen and paracetamol. Aspley, S; Munn, A; Tanner, T; Thomas, T, 2010)	0.36
"Administration of ibuprofen and paracetamol in a fixed-dose combination tablet does not significantly alter the pharmacokinetic profiles of either drug, except for enhancing the rate of paracetamol absorption, offering potential therapeutic benefits in relation to the onset of analgesia."	( The pharmacokinetic profile of a novel fixed-dose combination tablet of ibuprofen and paracetamol. Aspley, S; Munn, A; Tanner, T; Thomas, T, 2010)	0.36
" Finger-prick and venous blood samples will result in equivalent pharmacokinetic parameters of oral paracetamol only after distribution equilibrium is attained."	( Can finger-prick sampling replace venous sampling to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of oral paracetamol? Cameron, GA; Cameron, L; Hawksworth, GH; Helms, PJ; McLay, JS; Mohammed, BS, 2010)	0.36
" Serum specimens of rats in each group were obtained at different time points to determine the concentrations of Paracetamol by RP-HPLC after oral administration of Paracetamol at different dosage, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by software 3P87, so as to observe the influence of electroacupuncture on absorption and metabolism of Paracetamol."	( [Effects of electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) on Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in rates]. Chen, SH; Meng, GY; Wang, LP; Yan, M; Yang, B, 2010)	0.36
"To develop a semi-mechanistic population pharmacokinetic model based on gastric emptying function for acetaminophen plasma concentration in critically ill patients tolerant and intolerant to enteral nutrition before and after prokinetic therapy."	( A semi-mechanistic gastric emptying model for the population pharmacokinetic analysis of orally administered acetaminophen in critically ill patients. Aarons, L; Dukes, G; Maclaren, R; Ogungbenro, K; Vasist, L; Young, M, 2011)	0.8
" Population pharmacokinetic modelling was carried out in a nonlinear mixed effects analysis software, NONMEM."	( A semi-mechanistic gastric emptying model for the population pharmacokinetic analysis of orally administered acetaminophen in critically ill patients. Aarons, L; Dukes, G; Maclaren, R; Ogungbenro, K; Vasist, L; Young, M, 2011)	0.58
"The four-compartment semi-mechanistic population pharmacokinetic model adequately described the data."	( A semi-mechanistic gastric emptying model for the population pharmacokinetic analysis of orally administered acetaminophen in critically ill patients. Aarons, L; Dukes, G; Maclaren, R; Ogungbenro, K; Vasist, L; Young, M, 2011)	0.58
"The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of chiisanogenin in rat after oral administration of chiisanogenin and the extract of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus fruits."	( Determination and pharmacokinetic study of chiisanogenin in rat plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Li, F; Qin, F; Song, Y; Yang, C; Yu, K, )	0.13
" Microdosing of (14)C-labeled drug followed by AMS is a powerful tool that can be used in the early phase of drug development for pharmacokinetic analysis of drugs and their metabolites and for detecting the formation of active metabolites in humans."	( Microdose study of 14C-acetaminophen with accelerator mass spectrometry to examine pharmacokinetics of parent drug and metabolites in healthy subjects. Hamabe, Y; Ikeda, T; Ikushima, I; Kusuhara, H; Nozawa, K; Sugiyama, Y; Tozuka, Z, 2010)	0.67
" Peak plasma concentration (Cmax), AUC((0-∞),) time to peak concentration (Tmax) and elimination half-life (t(1/2) ) were compared."	( The comparative pharmacokinetics of modified-release and immediate-release paracetamol in a simulated overdose model. Chiew, A; Day, P; Graudins, A; Naidoo, D; Salonikas, C; Thomas, R, 2010)	0.36
"PEx exhibited significantly lower paracetamol Cmax (252."	( The comparative pharmacokinetics of modified-release and immediate-release paracetamol in a simulated overdose model. Chiew, A; Day, P; Graudins, A; Naidoo, D; Salonikas, C; Thomas, R, 2010)	0.36
" Pharmacokinetic analysis of ICG demonstrated that the total body clearance (Cl(T)) of ICG was significantly decreased and the mean residence time (MRT) was significantly increased in the APAP mice compared to the saline mice."	( Indocyanine green clearance varies as a function of N-acetylcysteine treatment in a murine model of acetaminophen toxicity. Abdel-Rahman, SM; Brown, A; Hinson, JA; James, LP; Letzig, L; McCullough, SS; Milesi-Hallé, A, 2011)	0.59
" The pharmacokinetics of paracetamol and imatinib in Korean patients with CML were similar to previous pharmacokinetic results in white patients with CML."	( Effects of imatinib mesylate on the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol (acetaminophen) in Korean patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Demirhan, E; Hayes, M; Jin, Y; Kim, DW; Park, S; Schran, H; Tan, EY; Wang, Y, 2011)	0.6
" Paracetamol clearance showed a statistically significant dependence on age group, whereas volume of distribution during elimination and elimination half-life were associated with age group and sex, respectively."	( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous paracetamol in elderly patients. Aantaa, R; Kuusniemi, K; Liukas, A; Neuvonen, PJ; Niemi, M; Olkkola, KT; Virolainen, P, 2011)	0.37
"To assess the disintegration and dissolution of a new fast-dissolving acetaminophen tablet formulation (FD-APAP) and the impact on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters."	( Comparison of a novel fast-dissolving acetaminophen tablet formulation (FD-APAP) and standard acetaminophen tablets using gamma scintigraphy and pharmacokinetic studies. Clarke, CP; Clarke, GD; Starkey, YY; Wilson, CG, 2011)	0.87
"A population pharmacokinetic analysis of 943 paracetamol observations from 158 neonates (27-45 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA)) was undertaken using non-linear mixed effects models."	( The pharmacokinetics of intravenous paracetamol in neonates: size matters most. Allegaert, K; Anderson, BJ; Palmer, GM, 2011)	0.37
" This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of population pharmacokinetic modeling to quantify the rate of gastric emptying (GE) and small intestinal transit time (SITT) in response to drugs that affect GI motility in fed and fasted dogs."	( Using pharmacokinetic modeling to determine the effect of drug and food on gastrointestinal transit in dogs. Al-Saffar, A; Sjödin, L; Visser, S, )	0.13
" Population pharmacokinetic analysis of paracetamol and sulfapyridine in plasma was used to determine the rate of GE and SITT."	( Using pharmacokinetic modeling to determine the effect of drug and food on gastrointestinal transit in dogs. Al-Saffar, A; Sjödin, L; Visser, S, )	0.13
"Population pharmacokinetic modeling of paracetamol and sulfapyridine provides a suitable preclinical non-invasive experimental method for quantification of drug- and food-induced changes in the rate of GE and SITT in conscious beagle dogs for use in safety evaluations to predict changes in GI transit and/or to explain the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs under development."	( Using pharmacokinetic modeling to determine the effect of drug and food on gastrointestinal transit in dogs. Al-Saffar, A; Sjödin, L; Visser, S, )	0.13
"The aim of this study was to explore the pharmacokinetic profiles of the new ER tramadol/acetaminophen fixed-dose combination and compare them with those of a conventional immediate-release (IR) formulation after multiple dosing as a Phase I clinical exploratory trial."	( Pharmacokinetics of extended-release versus conventional tramadol/acetaminophen fixed-dose combination tablets: an open-label, 2-treatment, multiple-dose, randomized-sequence crossover study in healthy korean male volunteers. Cho, JY; Chung, YJ; Jang, IJ; Kim, TE; Shin, HS; Shin, SG; Yi, S; Yoon, SH; Yu, KS, 2011)	0.83
" Tramadol and acetaminophen concentrations in plasma were determined simultaneously using LC-MS/MS, and the pharmacokinetic properties were analyzed by noncompartmental method."	( Pharmacokinetics of extended-release versus conventional tramadol/acetaminophen fixed-dose combination tablets: an open-label, 2-treatment, multiple-dose, randomized-sequence crossover study in healthy korean male volunteers. Cho, JY; Chung, YJ; Jang, IJ; Kim, TE; Shin, HS; Shin, SG; Yi, S; Yoon, SH; Yu, KS, 2011)	0.97
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of allindicated active components exhibited no detectable distinctions, except for the time to attaining maximum concentration ofparacetamol and the value of the maximum concentration of loratadine."	( [Comparative pharmacokinetics of antigrippin-maximum administered in capsules and powder for preparing solutions]. Belolipetskaia, VG; Belolipetskiĭ, NA; Blagodatskikh, SV; Guranda, DF; Kibalchich, DA; Rudenko, LI; Zhabina, EA, 2011)	0.37
" However, we have to be aware that such dosing suggestions are - at present - without any validated pharmacodynamic correlates since the applicability of a fixed acetaminophen target concentration (10 mg·l(-1)) in neonates of different subpopulations remains to be documented."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous acetaminophen in neonates. Allegaert, K; van den Anker, J, 2011)	0.81
"A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the determination of salbutamol in human plasma and urine, and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of salbutamol in Chinese healthy volunteers after inhalation of salbutamol sulfate aerosol."	( Determination of salbutamol in human plasma and urine using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and its pharmacokinetic study. Chen, K; Guo, R; Liu, S; Liu, X; Teng, Y; Wang, B; Wei, C; Yuan, G; Zhang, D; Zhang, R, 2012)	0.38
" Commonly used approaches are physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK) and allometric scaling (AS) in combination with maturation of clearance for early life."	( First dose in children: physiological insights into pharmacokinetic scaling approaches and their implications in paediatric drug development. Danhof, M; Eissing, T; Freijer, J; Strougo, A; Willmann, S; Yassen, A, 2012)	0.38
"Gastrectomy leads to pathophysiological changes within the alimentary tract, which may affect drug absorption and pharmacokinetic parameters (PK)."	( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol from two generic products in patients after total gastric resection. Grabowski, T; Grześkowiak, E; Kamińska, A; Kokot, ZJ; Murawa, D; Murawa, P; Połom, K; Sobiech, M; Szałek, E; Urbaniak, B; Wolc, A, 2011)	0.37
"A pharmacokinetic model was developed for PG co-administered with paracetamol or phenobarbital in neonates."	( Developmental pharmacokinetics of propylene glycol in preterm and term neonates. Allegaert, K; Danhof, M; De Cock, RF; de Hoon, J; Knibbe, CA; Kulo, A; Verbesselt, R, 2013)	0.39
" The physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling approach is important, as it allowed the prediction of human brain ECF exposure on the basis of human CSF concentrations."	( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to investigate regional brain distribution kinetics in rats. Danhof, M; de Lange, EC; Ploeger, B; Smeets, J; Westerhout, J, 2012)	0.38
" This suggests that postpartum is another specific status in young women that merits focused, compound-specific pharmacokinetic evaluation."	( The impact of Caesarean delivery on paracetamol and ketorolac pharmacokinetics: a paired analysis. Allegaert, K; de Hoon, J; Devlieger, R; Kulo, A; Smits, A; van Calsteren, K; Verbesselt, R, 2012)	0.38
" The aim of this study was to determine whether a commercially available curcuminoid/piperine extract alters the pharmacokinetic disposition of probe drugs for these enzymes in human volunteers."	( Effect of a herbal extract containing curcumin and piperine on midazolam, flurbiprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Badmaev, V; Court, MH; Greenblatt, DJ; Hanley, MJ; Harmatz, JS; Hazarika, S; Majeed, M; Masse, G; Volak, LP, 2013)	0.6
" A non-compartment model estimated the pharmacokinetic parameters of APAP and its metabolites, and the ratios of the area under curve (AUC; AUC(metabolite) /AUC(APAP) ) were also observed to evaluate the change of APAP metabolism."	( Evaluation of pharmacokinetic differences of acetaminophen in pseudo germ-free rats. An, JH; Jung, BH; Lee, HJ; Lee, SH, 2012)	0.64
" Individual pharmacokinetic profiles were calculated assuming a linear one-compartment model with instantaneous input, first-order output."	( The pharmacokinetics of a high intravenous dose of paracetamol after caesarean delivery: the effect of gestational age. Allegaert, K; de Hoon, J; Deprest, J; Devlieger, R; Hopchet, L; Kulo, A; van de Velde, M; Verbesselt, R, 2012)	0.38
"037], resulting in the absence of differences in median elimination half-life [112 (28) vs."	( The pharmacokinetics of a high intravenous dose of paracetamol after caesarean delivery: the effect of gestational age. Allegaert, K; de Hoon, J; Deprest, J; Devlieger, R; Hopchet, L; Kulo, A; van de Velde, M; Verbesselt, R, 2012)	0.38
" These pharmacokinetic differences illustrate the relevance of performing pharmacokinetic studies at delivery."	( The pharmacokinetics of a high intravenous dose of paracetamol after caesarean delivery: the effect of gestational age. Allegaert, K; de Hoon, J; Deprest, J; Devlieger, R; Hopchet, L; Kulo, A; van de Velde, M; Verbesselt, R, 2012)	0.38
" The mean hydrocodone CMAX was 11."	( Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone and hydromorphone after oral hydrocodone in healthy Greyhound dogs. KuKanich, B; Spade, J, 2013)	0.39
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were analysed using non-compartmental methods."	( Effects of etravirine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in rats. Abobo, CV; Hsiao, C; John, J; John, M; Liang, D; Wu, L, 2013)	0.39
" Despite these differences, even commonly administered drugs have not undergone pharmacokinetic evaluation in pregnant women or at delivery."	( Paracetamol and ketorolac pharmacokinetics and metabolism at delivery and during postpartum. Allegaert, K; Hendrickx, S; Kelchtermans, J; Kulo, A; Smits, A; van Calsteren, K; van de Velde, M, 2012)	0.38
" The pharmacokinetic changes described may decrease susceptibility to acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity but may increase risk of nephrotoxicity in old age."	( The effect of aging on acetaminophen pharmacokinetics, toxicity and Nrf2 in Fischer 344 rats. Cogger, VC; de Cabo, R; Hilmer, SN; Huizer-Pajkos, A; Jones, BE; Le Couteur, DG; Mach, J; McKenzie, C, 2014)	0.95
" The present study was to investigate the effects of giving N-acetylcysteine (NAC) alone and in combination with either glycyrrhizin (GL), silibinin (SIB) or spironolactone (SL) on the plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles, hepatic exposure, biliary excretion and urinary excretion of acetaminophen (APAP) and its major metabolite, acetaminophen glucuronide (AG)."	( Changes in pharmacokinetic profiles of acetaminophen and its glucuronide after pretreatment with combinations of N-acetylcysteine and either glycyrrhizin, silibinin or spironolactone in rat. Liu, X; Wang, Q; Xu, R; Yang, J; Zang, M; Zhang, J, 2014)	0.85
" The aim of this work was to develop and validate a new sensitive and reproducible isocratic reversed phase HPLC-UV detection method for simultaneous determination of MET and PAR in human plasma for the routine use in a therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic laboratories."	( Simultaneous determination of paracetamol and methocarbamol in human plasma By HPLC using UV detection with time programming: application to pharmacokinetic study. El-Bedaiwy, HM; Helmy, SA, 2014)	0.4
"In order to characterize the variation in pharmacokinetics of paracetamol across the human age span, we performed a population pharmacokinetic analysis from preterm neonates to adults with specific focus on clearance."	( Population pharmacokinetics of paracetamol across the human age-range from (pre)term neonates, infants, children to adults. Allegaert, K; Danhof, M; Knibbe, CA; Mathot, RA; Tibboel, D; van der Marel, CD; Wang, C, 2014)	0.4
"04) and Cmax from 18."	( Effects of iron on the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in saliva. Issa, MM; Nejem, RM; Shanab, AA, 2013)	0.39
"In the present study, the pharmacokinetic and drug interaction evaluation of two drugs pefloxacin and paracetamol was carried out by a single-dose, two-treatment and two-sequence crossover design."	( Report: pharmacokinetic and drug interaction studies of pefloxacin with paracetamol (NNAID) in healthy volunteers in Pakistan. Ali, SA; Gauhar, S; Naqvi, SB; Shoaib, MH, 2014)	0.4
" However, pharmacokinetic data from prolonged administration of intravenous paracetamol in neonates are limited."	( Multiple intravenous doses of paracetamol result in a predictable pharmacokinetic profile in very preterm infants. Anand, KJ; Andriessen, P; Derijks, L; Kramer, BW; Neef, C; van Ganzewinkel, C; van Lingen, RA, 2014)	0.4
"A two-compartment pharmacokinetic model gave the best fit for all individual patients and resulted in a predictable pharmacokinetic profile."	( Multiple intravenous doses of paracetamol result in a predictable pharmacokinetic profile in very preterm infants. Anand, KJ; Andriessen, P; Derijks, L; Kramer, BW; Neef, C; van Ganzewinkel, C; van Lingen, RA, 2014)	0.4
"Our study found that multiple doses of intravenous paracetamol resulted in a predictable pharmacokinetic profile in very preterm infants."	( Multiple intravenous doses of paracetamol result in a predictable pharmacokinetic profile in very preterm infants. Anand, KJ; Andriessen, P; Derijks, L; Kramer, BW; Neef, C; van Ganzewinkel, C; van Lingen, RA, 2014)	0.4
" A model based on pharmacokinetic parameters was developed to predict 4-h acetaminophen concentration for this and other ingested doses."	( Four-hour acetaminophen concentration estimation after ingested dose based on pharmacokinetic models. Gosselin, S; Villeneuve, E; Whyte, I, 2014)	1.04
"A pharmacokinetic crossover study using different dosage forms of paracetamol (intravenous and oral solution, capsule and tablet) was conducted in four male and four female Göttingen minipigs after an overnight fast."	( Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in Göttingen minipigs: in vivo studies and modeling to elucidate physiological determinants of absorption. Flament, C; Grimm, HP; Lorentsen, H; Parrott, N; Suenderhauf, C; Tuffin, G, 2014)	0.4
" The aims of this study were to determine the population pharmacokinetic profile of intravenous acetaminophen and its metabolites in adult surgical patients and to identify patient characteristics associated with acetaminophen metabolism in the postoperative period."	( Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous acetaminophen and its metabolites in major surgical patients. Curran, N; Kennedy, J; Medlicott, NJ; Murphy, PG; Owens, KH; Reith, DM; Sreebhavan, S; Thompson-Fawcett, M; Zacharias, M, 2014)	0.88
" Despite this approval, pediatric pharmacokinetic data using this product have not been previously published."	( Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone/acetaminophen combination product in children ages 6-17 with moderate to moderately severe postoperative pain. Awni, W; Dutta, S; Kearns, G; Liu, W; Neville, KA, 2015)	0.7
" A population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model describing the pharmacodynamic effects of paracetamol and NAC on the INR was developed in Phoenix NLME."	( Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling to describe the effects of paracetamol and N-acetylcysteine on the international normalized ratio. Buckley, NA; Medlicott, NJ; Owens, KH; Reith, DM; Whyte, IM; Zacharias, M, 2015)	0.42
" The present study was intended to understand the pharmacodynamic interaction between paracetamol and ondansetron in postoperative patients."	( Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to investigate the pharmacodynamic interaction of 5-HT3 antagonist ondansetron and paracetamol in postoperative patients operated in an ENT department under local anesthesia. Bhosale, UA; Kale, J; Khobragade, R; Naik, C; Yegnanarayan, R, 2015)	0.42
"The pharmacodynamic interaction between paracetamol and ondansetron coadministration does not block but instead increase paracetamol analgesia, reduce the postoperative analgesic requirement, and improve the postoperative comfort level."	( Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to investigate the pharmacodynamic interaction of 5-HT3 antagonist ondansetron and paracetamol in postoperative patients operated in an ENT department under local anesthesia. Bhosale, UA; Kale, J; Khobragade, R; Naik, C; Yegnanarayan, R, 2015)	0.42
" In order to assess covariate effects of intravenous paracetamol disposition in adults, pharmacokinetic data on discrete studies were pooled."	( Covariates of intravenous paracetamol pharmacokinetics in adults. Allegaert, K; Anderson, BJ; de Maat, MM; Olkkola, KT; Owens, KH; Van de Velde, M, 2014)	0.4
" This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of three hydrocodone ER tablet prototypes with varying levels of polymer coating to identify the prototype expected to have the greatest abuse deterrence potential based on pharmacokinetic characteristics that maintain systemic exposure to hydrocodone comparable to that of a commercially available hydrocodone immediate-release (IR) product."	( Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone extended-release tablets formulated with different levels of coating to achieve abuse deterrence compared with a hydrocodone immediate-release/acetaminophen tablet in healthy subjects. Bond, M; Darwish, M; Robertson, P; Tracewell, W; Yang, R, 2015)	0.61
" Blood samples for pharmacokinetic assessments were collected predose and through 72 h postdose."	( Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone extended-release tablets formulated with different levels of coating to achieve abuse deterrence compared with a hydrocodone immediate-release/acetaminophen tablet in healthy subjects. Bond, M; Darwish, M; Robertson, P; Tracewell, W; Yang, R, 2015)	0.61
"All three hydrocodone ER tablet prototypes (low-, intermediate-, and high-level polymer coating) demonstrated ER pharmacokinetic characteristics."	( Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone extended-release tablets formulated with different levels of coating to achieve abuse deterrence compared with a hydrocodone immediate-release/acetaminophen tablet in healthy subjects. Bond, M; Darwish, M; Robertson, P; Tracewell, W; Yang, R, 2015)	0.61
" In the presence of levodopa, gastric emptying is interrupted at times associated with double-peaks in pharmacokinetic profiles."	( Empirical and semi-mechanistic modelling of double-peaked pharmacokinetic profile phenomenon due to gastric emptying. Aarons, L; Ogungbenro, K; Pertinez, H, 2015)	0.42
" We aimed to investigate pharmacokinetic interactions between acetaminophen and phenylephrine."	( Increased bioavailability of phenylephrine by co-administration of acetaminophen: results of four open-label, crossover pharmacokinetic trials in healthy volunteers. Anderson, BJ; Atkinson, HC; Potts, AL; Salem, II; Stanescu, I, 2015)	0.89
" This research aimed to evaluate bioavailability and compare pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of the new SR paracetamol formulation (2x1,000 mg) with those of immediate-release (IR) paracetamol (2x500 mg) and existing extended-release (ER) paracetamol (2x665 mg)."	( Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile of a newly-developed twice-a-day sustained-release paracetamol formulation. Collaku, A; Liu, DJ; Youngberg, SP, 2015)	0.42
" Food significantly increased Cmax of SR formulation, with ratios fast vs."	( Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile of a newly-developed twice-a-day sustained-release paracetamol formulation. Collaku, A; Liu, DJ; Youngberg, SP, 2015)	0.42
" This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profiles of an SR 75-mg tramadol/650-mg acetaminophen formulation after a single dose compared with an immediate release (IR) 37."	( An assessment of the pharmacokinetics of a sustained-release formulation of a tramadol/acetaminophen combination in healthy subjects. Chae, SW; Im, YJ; Jeon, JY; Kim, EY; Kim, MG; Kim, Y; Oh, DJ; Shin, DH; Yoo, JS, 2015)	0.86
"Two clinical trials were conducted: (1) an open-label, randomized, 3-period, 3-treatment, crossover study to assess the pharmacokinetic SR (one 75-mg tramadol/650-mg acetaminophen combination tablet) formulation profiles after a single dose and IR (one 37."	( An assessment of the pharmacokinetics of a sustained-release formulation of a tramadol/acetaminophen combination in healthy subjects. Chae, SW; Im, YJ; Jeon, JY; Kim, EY; Kim, MG; Kim, Y; Oh, DJ; Shin, DH; Yoo, JS, 2015)	0.83
" [(14)C]-PARA pharmacokinetic parameters were within a two-fold range after a therapeutic dose or a microdose."	( Observational infant exploratory [(14)C]-paracetamol pharmacokinetic microdose/therapeutic dose study with accelerator mass spectrometry bioanalysis. Byrne, L; Crawley, FP; deLigt, R; Earnshaw, C; French, NS; Garner, CR; Grynkiewicz, G; Lass, J; Maruszak, W; Park, KB; Schipani, A; Selby, AM; Siner, S; Turner, MA; Vaes, WH; van Duijn, E; Varendi, H, 2015)	0.42
"The principal aim of this study was to develop, validate, and demonstrate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict and characterize the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of acetaminophen (APAP) in humans."	( Physiologically based modeling of the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen and its major metabolites in humans using a Bayesian population approach. Reisfeld, B; Zurlinden, TJ, 2016)	0.86
"The geometric mean ratio and 90% confidence interval of Cmax and AUC of acetaminophen were within 80-125% suggesting that the rate ad extent of acetaminophen were not affected when given at various time points with respect to pradigastat/meal timing."	( Assessment of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between pradigastat and acetaminophen in healthy subjects. Ayalasomayajula, S; Chen, J; Koo, P; Majumdar, T; Meyers, D; Rebello, S; Salunke, A; Sunkara, G, 2015)	0.88
" However, when given 1 h after a meal, the Tmax of acetaminophen was delayed by ∼1."	( Assessment of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between pradigastat and acetaminophen in healthy subjects. Ayalasomayajula, S; Chen, J; Koo, P; Majumdar, T; Meyers, D; Rebello, S; Salunke, A; Sunkara, G, 2015)	0.9
" This review sought evidence from single dose pharmacokinetic studies on the extent and timing of peak plasma concentrations of analgesic drugs in the fed and fasting states."	( Effects of food on pharmacokinetics of immediate release oral formulations of aspirin, dipyrone, paracetamol and NSAIDs - a systematic review. Derry, S; Moore, RA; Straube, S; Wiffen, PJ, 2015)	0.42
" Food typically delayed absorption for all drugs where the fasting tmax was less than 4 h."	( Effects of food on pharmacokinetics of immediate release oral formulations of aspirin, dipyrone, paracetamol and NSAIDs - a systematic review. Derry, S; Moore, RA; Straube, S; Wiffen, PJ, 2015)	0.42
" The present study evaluated the possiblility of a pharmacokinetic interaction between favipiravir and acetaminophen, in vitro and in vivo."	( Favipiravir inhibits acetaminophen sulfate formation but minimally affects systemic pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen. Court, MH; Epstein, CR; Giesing, D; Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Kadota, T; Kurosaki, C; Nakagawa, Y; Nakamura, T; Zhao, Y, 2015)	0.95
" In human volunteers, both acute (1 day) and extended (6 days) administration of favipiravir slightly but significantly increased (by about 20 %) systemic exposure to acetaminophen (total AUC), whereas Cmax was not significantly changed."	( Favipiravir inhibits acetaminophen sulfate formation but minimally affects systemic pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen. Court, MH; Epstein, CR; Giesing, D; Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Kadota, T; Kurosaki, C; Nakagawa, Y; Nakamura, T; Zhao, Y, 2015)	0.93
" The developed and validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of AAP (500mg) with DHC (20mg) capsule in Chinese healthy volunteers (N=20)."	( Simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and dihydrocodeine in human plasma by UPLC-MS/MS: Its pharmacokinetic application. Gao, P; Liu, Z; Lou, D; Qiu, X; Su, D; Zhang, NS, 2015)	0.71
" The mean absorption time and absorption half-life were unexpectedly short (4."	( Oral pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen to evaluate gastric emptying profiles of Shiba goats. Aboubakr, M; Elbadawy, M; Khalil, WF; Miyazaki, Y; Sasaki, K; Shimoda, M, 2015)	0.72
" Published pharmacokinetic data of acetaminophen in subjects with normal gastric emptying vs."	( Acetaminophen absorption kinetics in altered gastric emptying: establishing a relevant pharmacokinetic surrogate using published data. Srinivas, NR, 2015)	2.14
"The aims of this study were to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for intravenous paracetamol in preterm and term neonates and to assess the generalizability of the model by testing its predictive performance in an external dataset."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) in Preterm and Term Neonates: Model Development and External Evaluation. Allegaert, K; Cook, SF; Deutsch, N; King, AD; Roberts, JK; Samiee-Zafarghandy, S; Sherwin, CM; Stockmann, C; van den Anker, JN; Wilkins, DG; Williams, EF, 2016)	0.68
" Blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis of study drugs and their metabolites over an 8-hour period beginning after the second dose of the study medication."	( Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone and tramadol administered for control of postoperative pain in dogs following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy. Benitez, ME; KuKanich, B; McMurphy, R; Roush, JK, 2015)	0.42
" The terminal half-life for hydrocodone was 15."	( Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone and tramadol administered for control of postoperative pain in dogs following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy. Benitez, ME; KuKanich, B; McMurphy, R; Roush, JK, 2015)	0.42
"Previously published studies have suggested the lack of a pharmacokinetic interaction between ibuprofen and paracetamol when they are delivered as a fixed-dose oral combination."	( Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol after Intravenous and Oral Administration. Atkinson, HC; Beasley, CP; Frampton, C; Robson, R; Salem, II; Stanescu, I, 2015)	0.42
"A single-dose, open-label, randomized, five-period cross-over sequence pharmacokinetic study was undertaken in 30 healthy volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol after Intravenous and Oral Administration. Atkinson, HC; Beasley, CP; Frampton, C; Robson, R; Salem, II; Stanescu, I, 2015)	0.42
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of ibuprofen and paracetamol were very similar for the combination and monotherapy IV preparations; the ratios of the C max, AUC t and AUC∞ values fell within the 80-125% acceptable bioequivalence range."	( Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol after Intravenous and Oral Administration. Atkinson, HC; Beasley, CP; Frampton, C; Robson, R; Salem, II; Stanescu, I, 2015)	0.42
"Concomitant administration of 3 mg/mL ibuprofen and 10 mg/mL paracetamol in a fixed-dose IV combination does not alter the pharmacokinetic profiles of either drug."	( Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol after Intravenous and Oral Administration. Atkinson, HC; Beasley, CP; Frampton, C; Robson, R; Salem, II; Stanescu, I, 2015)	0.42
" Although antidote, acetylcysteine, is potentially extracted by renal replacement therapies, pharmacokinetic data are lacking to guide potential dosing alterations."	( The pharmacokinetics and extracorporeal removal of N-acetylcysteine during renal replacement therapies. Hernandez, SH; Hoffman, RS; Howland, M; Schiano, TD, 2015)	0.42
" Alterations in pharmacokinetics were determined by applying standard pharmacokinetic equations."	( The pharmacokinetics and extracorporeal removal of N-acetylcysteine during renal replacement therapies. Hernandez, SH; Hoffman, RS; Howland, M; Schiano, TD, 2015)	0.42
" In this pooled study, we focused on the population pharmacokinetic profile of intravenous paracetamol metabolism and its covariates in young women."	( Paracetamol pharmacokinetics and metabolism in young women. Allegaert, K; Beleyn, B; de Hoon, J; Deprest, J; Knibbe, CA; Kulo, A; Peeters, MY; Smits, A; van Calsteren, K, 2015)	0.42
" In both studies, a high-fat meal did not affect the Cmax for hydrocodone."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics of 2 or 3 tablets of biphasic immediate-release/extended-release hydrocodone bitartrate/acetaminophen (MNK-155) under fed and fasted conditions: two randomized open-label trials. Devarakonda, K; Giuliani, MJ; Kostenbader, K; Young, JL, 2015)	0.63
" Because there are some data about the impact of aniseed EO on drug effects, this survey aimed to assess the potential of pharmacokinetic herb-drug interaction between aniseed EO and acetaminophen and caffeine in mice."	( Pharmacokinetic Herb-Drug Interaction between Essential Oil of Aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L., Apiaceae) and Acetaminophen and Caffeine: A Potential Risk for Clinical Practice. Božin, B; Mijatović, V; Petković, S; Samojlik, I; Stilinović, N; Vukmirović, S, 2016)	0.84
" Parental education material in the form of weight-based dosing guides has been proposed; however, validation of current recommended APAP dosages using pharmacokinetic models is needed."	( Are Recommended Doses of Acetaminophen Effective for Children Aged 2 to 3 Years? A Pharmacokinetic Modeling Answer. Abourbih, DA; Gosselin, S; Kazim, S; Villeneuve, E, 2016)	0.74
"The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic and antinociceptive effects of an acetaminophen/codeine combination administered orally to six healthy greyhounds."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral acetaminophen in combination with codeine in healthy Greyhound dogs. KuKanich, B, 2016)	0.91
" Comparing pharmacokinetic data with MRI data it was observed that maximal blood levels occurred before the solvent and the dispersion agent were removed from the muscle tissue."	( Simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging and pharmacokinetic analysis of intramuscular depots. Evert, K; Hadlich, S; Kühn, JP; Oswald, S; Probst, M; Scheuch, E; Seidlitz, A; Siegmund, W; Weitschies, W, 2016)	0.43
" The objective of this research was to develop subpopulation-specific physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for two genetically different groups (Western Europeans and East Asians) and then use the models to quantify the difference in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of APAP between these groups."	( Characterizing the Effects of Race/Ethnicity on Acetaminophen Pharmacokinetics Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Reisfeld, B; Zurlinden, TJ, 2017)	0.71
"A comprehensive set of human pharmacokinetic data mined from the literature was divided into two groups based on ethnicity as an indicator of the expected abundance of phenol-metabolizing alleles."	( Characterizing the Effects of Race/Ethnicity on Acetaminophen Pharmacokinetics Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Reisfeld, B; Zurlinden, TJ, 2017)	0.71
"Model simulations were in good agreement with experimental data for both time-dependent parent and metabolite concentrations and summary pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Characterizing the Effects of Race/Ethnicity on Acetaminophen Pharmacokinetics Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Reisfeld, B; Zurlinden, TJ, 2017)	0.71
"A randomized, open-label, two-treatment, crossover, pharmacokinetic study of paracetamol dosed orally and intramuscularly was conducted."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of intramuscular versus oral syrup paracetamol in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Chierakul, W; Chotivanich, K; Dondorp, AM; Newton, PN; Plewes, K; Ruengweerayut, R; Silamut, K; Tarning, J; Teerapong, P; Wattanakul, T; White, NJ, 2016)	0.43
"The population pharmacokinetic properties of paracetamol were best described by a two-compartment disposition model, with zero-order and first-order absorption for intramuscular and oral syrup administration, respectively."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of intramuscular versus oral syrup paracetamol in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Chierakul, W; Chotivanich, K; Dondorp, AM; Newton, PN; Plewes, K; Ruengweerayut, R; Silamut, K; Tarning, J; Teerapong, P; Wattanakul, T; White, NJ, 2016)	0.43
"The main pharmacokinetic parameters for paracetamol after iv and po administration to patients with CP were as follows: Cmax, 19."	( Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Adrych, K; Grabowski, T; Grześkowiak, E; Karbownik, A; Mziray, M; Siepsiak, M; Szałek, E, 2016)	0.43
"There was no chronobiological effect on the pharmacokinetic parameters of paracetamol."	( Influence of the Time of Intravenous Administration of Paracetamol on its Pharmacokinetics and Ocular Disposition in Rabbits. Bienert, A; Cerbin-Koczorowska, M; Grabowski, T; Grześkowiak, E; Karbownik, A; Płotek, W; Wolc, A, 2017)	0.46
" The median plasma Cmax in the 1 g IV group was significantly greater than the oral groups."	( Comparative Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Pharmacokinetics of Paracetamol After Intravenous and Oral Administration. Bjorksten, AR; Hogg, M; Jamsen, K; Kirkpatrick, C; Langford, RA; Leslie, K; Williams, DL, 2016)	0.43
" Evidence for differences in CSF Cmax and Tmax was lacking because of the small size of this study."	( Comparative Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Pharmacokinetics of Paracetamol After Intravenous and Oral Administration. Bjorksten, AR; Hogg, M; Jamsen, K; Kirkpatrick, C; Langford, RA; Leslie, K; Williams, DL, 2016)	0.43
"Blood samples were taken from 21 male and five female individuals, during a 24-h period, to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of acetaminophen."	( Bioequivalence and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation Study of Acetaminophen vs. Acetaminophen Plus Caffeine Tablets in Healthy Mexican Volunteers. Abarca, JE; Guzmán, NA; Molina, DR; Núñez, BF; Soto-Sosa, JC, 2016)	0.88
" Sunitinib concentration in plasma, brain, kidney and liver were determined and non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis performed."	( Sunitinib-paracetamol sex-divergent pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution drug-drug interaction in mice. Chee, EL; Chee, YL; Chew, CC; Fernández, C; Koo, TW; Liew, MH; Mariño, EL; Modamio, P; Ng, S; Segarra, I, 2017)	0.46
"The pharmacokinetic profile of intravenous acetaminophen administered to critically ill multiple-trauma patients was studied after 4 consecutive doses of 1 g every 6 hours."	( Pharmacokinetic Study of Intravenous Acetaminophen Administered to Critically Ill Multiple-Trauma Patients at the Usual Dosage and a New Proposal for Administration. Fuster-Lluch, O; Gerónimo-Pardo, M; Zapater-Hernández, P, 2017)	0.99
" The predictive performance of three published pharmacokinetic models was evaluated."	( Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous acetaminophen in Japanese patients undergoing elective surgery. Hasegawa, M; Imaizumi, T; Iseki, Y; Mogami, M; Murakawa, M; Obara, S, 2017)	0.72
" Bariatric surgery resulted in faster absorption and normalized pharmacokinetic parameters, prompting an increase in paracetamol bioavailability."	( Pharmacokinetics in Morbid Obesity: Influence of Two Bariatric Surgery Techniques on Paracetamol and Caffeine Metabolism. Boix, DB; Civit, E; de la Torre, R; Farré, M; Goday Arno, A; Grande, L; Langohr, K; Le Roux, JAF; Lí Carbó, M; Nino, OC; Papaseit, E; Pera, M; Pérez-Mañá, C; Ramon, JM; Rodríguez-Morató, J, 2017)	0.46
"This pharmacokinetic simulation study is an important step in determining plasma acetylcysteine concentrations that are likely to be achieved using various modified treatment regimens."	( Pharmacokinetic modelling of modified acetylcysteine infusion regimens used in the treatment of paracetamol poisoning. Graudins, A; Landersdorfer, C; Wong, A, 2017)	0.46
" Graphical analysis, descriptive statistics and population pharmacokinetic modelling were used to describe data."	( The standard treatment protocol for paracetamol poisoning may be inadequate following overdose with modified release formulation: a pharmacokinetic and clinical analysis of 53 cases. Brogren, J; Salmonson, H; Sjöberg, G, 2018)	0.48
" The pharmacokinetic analysis showed a complex, dose dependent serum versus time profile with prolonged absorption and delayed serum peak concentrations with increasing dose."	( The standard treatment protocol for paracetamol poisoning may be inadequate following overdose with modified release formulation: a pharmacokinetic and clinical analysis of 53 cases. Brogren, J; Salmonson, H; Sjöberg, G, 2018)	0.48
"The pharmacokinetic and clinical analysis showed that the standard treatment protocol, including risk assessment and NAC regimen, used for IR paracetamol poisoning not appear suitable for MR formulation."	( The standard treatment protocol for paracetamol poisoning may be inadequate following overdose with modified release formulation: a pharmacokinetic and clinical analysis of 53 cases. Brogren, J; Salmonson, H; Sjöberg, G, 2018)	0.48
" Median Tmax of hydrocodone following benzhydrocodone API was delayed by more than one hour compared with HB."	( Pharmacokinetics and Abuse Potential of Benzhydrocodone, a Novel Prodrug of Hydrocodone, After Intranasal Administration in Recreational Drug Users. Barrett, AC; Dickerson, D; Guenther, SM; Mickle, TC; Roupe, KA; Webster, LR; Zhou, J, 2018)	0.48
" Our aim was to translate a recently published comprehensive CNS physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model from rat to human, and to predict drug concentration-time profiles in multiple CNS compartments on available human data of four drugs (acetaminophen, oxycodone, morphine and phenytoin)."	( Prediction of human CNS pharmacokinetics using a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling approach. Beukers, MW; Danhof, M; de Lange, ECM; Huntjens, DR; Kokki, H; Kokki, M; Krauwinkel, W; Proost, JH; Välitalo, PA; van Hasselt, JGC; Vermeulen, A; Wong, YC; Yamamoto, Y, 2018)	0.66
" Thus, coadministration of probiotics with drugs may lead to changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drugs."	( Effect of Probiotics on Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Acetaminophen in Mice. Choi, MS; Jeong, JJ; Kim, DH; Kim, IS; Kim, JK; Lim, SM; Yoo, HH, 2018)	0.72
" The main pharmacokinetic parameters of paracetamol in the TN vs."	( THE EFFECT OF TOTAL AND PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY ON THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF INTRAVENOUS PARACETAMOL IN HUMANS. Grabowski, T; Grzesowiak, E; Karbownik, A; Polom, W; Porazka, J; Szalek, E; Wolc, A, 2017)	0.46
"The current investigation utilized a previously published parent-metabolite population pharmacokinetic model describing acetaminophen glucuronidation, sulfation, and oxidation to examine the potential role of genetic variability on the relevant metabolic pathways."	( Polymorphic Expression of UGT1A9 is Associated with Variable Acetaminophen Glucuronidation in Neonates: A Population Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacogenetic Study. Cook, SF; Gaedigk, A; Gaedigk, R; Kumar, SS; Linakis, MW; Liu, X; Sherwin, CMT; van den Anker, JN; Wilkins, DG, 2018)	0.93
"A clinical pharmacokinetic study in adult patients with TBI was performed as a sub-study to a prospective, phase 2B, randomized placebo-controlled study (PARITY)."	( Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous paracetamol in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury. Gowardman, J; Lipman, J; Myburgh, J; Parker, SL; Roberts, JA; Saxena, M, 2018)	0.48
"All patients were included in the pharmacokinetic sub-study."	( Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous paracetamol in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury. Gowardman, J; Lipman, J; Myburgh, J; Parker, SL; Roberts, JA; Saxena, M, 2018)	0.48
" An increase in the elimination half-life and reduced clearance rate of tramadol were seen in the acetaminophen and ethanol groups, in comparison to the control group."	( Pharmacokinetic changes of tramadol in rats with hepatotoxicity induced by ethanol and acetaminophen in perfused rat liver model. Ardakani, YH; Esmaeili, Z; Ghazi-Khansari, M; Hassanzadeh, G; Lavasani, H; Mohammadi, S; Nezami, A; Rouini, MR, 2019)	0.95
" Blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis for up to 6 hours after the loading dose."	( Analgesic effectiveness, pharmacokinetics, and safety of a paracetamol/ibuprofen fixed-dose combination in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy: A randomized, single-blind, parallel group trial. Anderson, BJ; Atkinson, HC; Frampton, C; Playne, R; Stanescu, I, 2018)	0.48
"Intravenous acetaminophen is commonly administered as an adjunctive to opioids during major surgical procedures, but neither the correct pharmacokinetic size descriptor nor the dose is certain in severely obese adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery."	( Acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in severely obese adolescents and young adults. Anderson, BJ; Hakim, M; Michalsky, MP; Syed, A; Tobias, JD; Tumin, D; Walia, H, 2019)	2.34
" Moreover, as the zebrafish larva is a developing organism, continuous physiological changes impact pharmacokinetic or toxicokinetic processes like the absorption and elimination of exogenous compounds, influencing the interpretation of observations and conclusions drawn from experiments at different larval ages."	( Impact of post-hatching maturation on the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in zebrafish larvae. Hankemeier, T; Harms, AC; Kantae, V; Krekels, EHJ; Spaink, HP; van der Graaf, PH; van Wijk, RC, 2019)	0.51
" Pharmacokinetic study was successfully applied and proved the possibility of co-administration of SOF with PAR and MET."	( Determination of sofosbuvir with two co-administered drugs; paracetamol and DL-methionine by two chromatographic methods. Application to a pharmacokinetic study. Abdel-Rahman, HM; Abdelrahman, MM; Abdelwahab, NS; Fares, MY, 2019)	0.51
" The objective of this study is to determine if missing body weights in preterm and term neonates affect estimates of model parameters and which methods can be used to improve performance of a population pharmacokinetic model of paracetamol."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling in the Presence of Missing Time-Dependent Covariates: Impact of Body Weight on Pharmacokinetics of Paracetamol in Neonates. Allegaert, K; Cook, SF; Krzyzanski, W; Sherwin, CMT; van den Anker, JN; Vermeulen, A; Wilbaux, M, 2019)	0.51
"Different pediatric physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been described incorporating developmental changes that influence plasma drug concentrations."	( Development of a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic pediatric brain model for prediction of cerebrospinal fluid drug concentrations and the influence of meningitis. de Wildt, SN; Koenderink, JB; Russel, FGM; Verscheijden, LFM, 2019)	0.51
" So the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of vitamin C and omega-3 on the pharmacokinetic property of paracetamol."	( Vitamin C, omega-3 and paracetamol pharmacokinetic interactions using saliva specimens as determiners. Ahmed, ZH; Aljasani, BM; Jaccob, AA, 2019)	0.51
" Terminal elimination half-life was prolonged in neonates and younger infants and in intermediate and older infants similar to values in adults."	( Randomized Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis and Safety of Intravenous Acetaminophen for Acute Postoperative Pain in Neonates and Infants. Cooper, DS; Devarakonda, K; Gosselin, NH; Hammer, GB; Lu, J; Maxwell, LG; Pheng, LH; Szmuk, P; Taicher, BM; Visoiu, M, 2020)	0.79
" This trial aims to compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of paracetomol between the IV and SC routes in PC patients."	( Intravenous versus subcutaneous route pharmacokinetics of paracetamol (acetaminophen) in palliative care patients: study protocol for a randomized trial (ParaSCIVPallia). Alix, A; Creveuil, C; Gourio, C; Guillaumé, C; Lelong-Boulouard, V; Lepoupet, M; Peyro-Saint-Paul, L; Vernant, M, 2020)	0.79
" We aimed to develop a fetal-maternal physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model (f-m PBPK) to quantitatively predict placental acetaminophen transfer, characterize fetal acetaminophen exposure, and quantify the contributions of specific clearance pathways in the term fetus."	( Integration of Placental Transfer in a Fetal-Maternal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Characterize Acetaminophen Exposure and Metabolic Clearance in the Fetus. Allegaert, K; Annaert, P; Conings, S; Dallmann, A; Mian, P; Pfister, M; Tibboel, D; van Calsteren, K; van den Anker, JN, 2020)	0.97
" Herein, we summarized the pharmacokinetic characteristics of favipiravir and possible drug-drug interactions from the view of drug metabolism."	( Favipiravir: Pharmacokinetics and Concerns About Clinical Trials for 2019-nCoV Infection. Chen, XP; Du, YX, 2020)	0.56
"Physiological and drug-specific parameters need to be adjusted when extrapolating a pharmacokinetic (PK) model from adults to neonates, so as to reproduce the time profiles of the studied drug(s) consistent with clinical, in vivo data or in vitro cell line measurements."	( Extrapolation for a pharmacokinetic model for acetaminophen from adults to neonates: A Latin Hypercube Sampling analysis. Ho, H; Zhang, E; Zhang, S, 2020)	0.82
" The present study evaluated the feasibility of integrating in vitro data from three-dimensionally (3D)-cultured HepaRG cells and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to predict chemical-induced liver toxicity."	( Integration of in vitro data from three dimensionally cultured HepaRG cells and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling for assessment of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Carmichael, PL; Guo, J; Li, F; Li, J; Li, W; Li, Y; Peng, H; Peng, S; Wang, Y; Yu, L; Zhang, C; Zhang, Q; Zhao, J, 2020)	0.76
" The pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a noncompartmental model."	( Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen after intravenous and oral administration in fasted and fed Labrador Retriever dogs. Cuniberti, B; Giorgi, M; Lisowski, A; Poapolathep, A; Sartini, I; Łebkowska-Wieruszewska, B, 2021)	0.94
"A full Bayesian statistical treatment of complex pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic models, in particular in a population context, gives access to powerful inference, including on model structure."	( Well-tempered MCMC simulations for population pharmacokinetic models. Bois, FY; Chiu, WA; Gao, W; Hsieh, NH; Reisfeld, B, 2020)	0.56
" However, few data have been provided to clinicians about the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions of cannabinoids with other concomitant administered medications."	( Potential Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions between Cannabinoids and Drugs Used for Chronic Pain. Guevara, N; Guido, PC; Maldonado, C; Schaiquevich, P; Vázquez, M, 2020)	0.56
"Plasma concentrations of acetaminophen, its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, and cysteinyl acetaminophen were experimentally determined after oral administrations of 10 mg/kg in humanised-liver mice, control mice, rats, common marmosets, cynomolgus monkeys, and minipigs; the results were compared with reported human pharmacokinetic data."	( Plasma and hepatic concentrations of acetaminophen and its primary conjugates after oral administrations determined in experimental animals and humans and extrapolated by pharmacokinetic modeling. Miura, T; Mogi, M; Sasaki, T; Shimizu, M; Suemizu, H; Toda, A; Uehara, S; Utoh, M; Yamazaki, H, 2021)	1.2
" In this study, the human intestinal barrier (emulated by a co-culture of Caco-2 and HT-29 cells) and the liver equivalent (emulated by spheroids made of differentiated HepaRG cells and human hepatic stellate cells) were integrated into a two-organ chip (2-OC) microfluidic device to assess some acetaminophen (APAP) pharmacokinetic (PK) and toxicological properties."	( An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment. Bortot, LO; de Carvalho, M; Dias, MM; Indolfo, NC; Lorencini, M; Marin, TM; Pagani, E; Rocco, SA; Schuck, DC; Vasconcelos Bento, GI, 2020)	0.73
" This article critically evaluated the literature reporting an association between acetaminophen use and in utero ductus arteriosus closure and provided a comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of fetal acetaminophen exposure in pregnancy vs drug levels in neonates, with the goal of making an expert recommendation regarding its safety."	( Acetaminophen in late pregnancy and potential for in utero closure of the ductus arteriosus-a pharmacokinetic evaluation and critical review of the literature. de Vrijer, B; Eastabrook, G; Garcia-Bournissen, F; Hutson, JR; Lurie, A, 2021)	2.29
" We aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for immediate-release (IR) and MR paracetamol and its major metabolism, and quantitatively understand the formulation difference in toxicity assessment based on the nomogram line."	( Population pharmacokinetics of immediate-release and modified-release paracetamol and its major metabolites in a supratherapeutic dosing study. Chiew, AL; Duffull, SB; Isbister, GK; Li, J, 2022)	0.72
" Plasma concentrations for paracetamol and its metabolites glucuronide (APAPG) and sulfate conjugate (APAPS) for both formulations were measured and analysed with population pharmacokinetic (PK) method using NONMEM."	( Population pharmacokinetics of immediate-release and modified-release paracetamol and its major metabolites in a supratherapeutic dosing study. Chiew, AL; Duffull, SB; Isbister, GK; Li, J, 2022)	0.72
"Both randomized, placebo-controlled studies' primary objectives evaluated the tolerability and pharmacokinetic properties of oral LX9211."	( Results of two Phase 1, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Studies (Ascending Single-dose and Multiple-dose Studies) to Determine the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered LX9211 in Healthy Participants. Banks, P; Boehm, KA; Bundrant, L; Gopinathan, S; Hunt, TL; Kassler-Taub, K; Tyle, P; Warner, C; Wason, S; Wilson, A, 2021)	0.62
" The objective of this study was to apply physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models in pediatric patients to investigate the absorption and pharmacokinetics of 4 drugs belonging to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class I administered as oral liquid formulations."	( Evaluation of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models to Predict the Absorption of BCS Class I Drugs in Different Pediatric Age Groups. Burckart, GJ; Dallmann, A; Liu, XI; van den Anker, JN, 2021)	0.62
"In preterm neonates, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are suited for studying the effects of maturational and non-maturational factors on the pharmacokinetics of drugs with complex age-dependent metabolic pathways like acetaminophen (APAP)."	( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling of acetaminophen in preterm neonates-The impact of metabolising enzyme ontogeny and reduced cardiac output. Abbasi, MY; Allegaert, K; Olafuyi, O, 2021)	1.06
" To investigate differences in APAP metabolism in specific patient populations and to optimize dosing regimens, quantification of metabolites from the different metabolic pathways is needed to perform pharmacokinetic (PK) studies."	( Determination of paracetamol and its metabolites via LC-MS/MS in dried blood volumetric absorptive microsamples: A tool for pharmacokinetic studies. Baerdemaeker, L; Delahaye, L; Stove, CP, 2021)	0.62
" Pharmacokinetic analysis of urine and plasma paracetamol clearance profiles was carried out, which enabled the calculation of possible screening limits (SL) that can regulate for a detection time of 120 h."	( Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in the Thoroughbred horse following an oral multi-dose administration. Fenwick, S; Gray, B; Habershon-Butcher, J; Hincks, P; Muir, T; Paine, S; Pesko, B; Scarth, J; Taylor, P, 2022)	0.72
" The integrated UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, pharmacodynamic study, histopathological combination with network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were used to explore the potential mechanisms."	( Network pharmacology, molecular docking technology integrated with pharmacodynamic study to reveal the potential targets of Schisandrol A in drug-induced liver injury by acetaminophen. Deng, S; Ge, J; Li, J; Li, M; Li, X; Ma, L; Ma, Y; Zhang, J; Zheng, Y, 2022)	0.92
" Additionally, the role of nutrition status on the pharmacokinetic profile of acetaminophen (APAP) at toxic doses is either scanty or not available."	( The effect of nutritional status on the pharmacokinetic profile of acetaminophen. Badanthadka, M; Mamatha, BS; Shetty, M; Souza, VD; Vijayanarayana, K, 2022)	1.19
" Groups I and II were used for the pharmacokinetic assessment, and group III was used for the residue analysis and histopathologic evaluation."	( Acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in geese. Gajda, A; Gbylik-Sikorska, M; Giorgi, M; Krawczyk, A; Lisowski, A; Pietruk, K; Poapolathep, A; Sartini, I; Łebkowska-Wieruszewska, B, 2022)	2.16
" A two-compartment pharmacokinetic model with first-order elimination described disposition for both drugs."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen: the Influence of Body Composition, Formulation and Feeding in Healthy Adult Volunteers. Anderson, BJ; Atkinson, HC; Morse, JD; Stanescu, I, 2022)	0.99
" The objective of the current analysis was to evaluate the effects on the gastric emptying rate caused by semaglutide on pharmacokinetic model parameters of paracetamol and atorvastatin in healthy subjects."	( Population pharmacokinetic of paracetamol and atorvastatin with co-administration of semaglutide. Kristensen, K; Langeskov, EK, 2022)	0.72
" We examined the APAP overdose pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles to assess the role of dose, coingestants and formulation: immediate release (IR), extended release (ER), and modified release (MR) on APAP pharmacokinetic measures."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of acetaminophen overdose with immediate release, extended release and modified release formulations. Brittain, S; Dart, RC; Reynolds, K; Spyker, DA; Yarema, M; Yip, L, 2022)	0.99
" There are few estimates of acetaminophen pharmacokinetic parameters in children with congenital heart disease, especially those with cyanotic heart disease."	( Acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in infants and children with congenital heart disease. Anderson, BJ; Holladay, J; McKee, CT; Morse, J; Rice-Weimer, J; Tobias, JD; Winch, P, 2023)	2.65
" Pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were scaled using allometry and standardized to a 70 kg person."	( Acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in infants and children with congenital heart disease. Anderson, BJ; Holladay, J; McKee, CT; Morse, J; Rice-Weimer, J; Tobias, JD; Winch, P, 2023)	2.35
" Population pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were similar to other studies in children."	( Acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in infants and children with congenital heart disease. Anderson, BJ; Holladay, J; McKee, CT; Morse, J; Rice-Weimer, J; Tobias, JD; Winch, P, 2023)	2.35
" Plasma samples were collected, concentrations of drug and metabolites determined via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic analyses were performed."	( Pharmacokinetics and effects of codeine in combination with acetaminophen on thermal nociception in horses. Kanarr, K; Kass, PH; Knych, HK; McKemie, DS; Tueshaus, T, 2023)	1.15
"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling could be used to predict changes in exposure during pregnancy and possibly inform medicine use in pregnancy in situations in which there is currently limited or no available clinical PK data."	( Use of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Hepatically Cleared Drugs in Pregnancy: Regulatory Perspective. Cole, S; Coppola, P; Kerwash, E, 2023)	0.91
" Pharmacokinetic parameters for the parent compound were estimated with a nonlinear mixed-effects model."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of prolonged paracetamol treatment in neonates: An interventional cohort study. Avachat, C; Barry, JM; Birnbaum, AK; Brink Henriksen, T; Christensen, U; Dalhoff, K; Haslund-Krog, S; Holst, H; Poulsen, S; Remmel, RP; Sherwin, CMT; van den Anker, JN; Wilkins, D, 2023)	0.91
" We used nonlinear mixed-effect modeling for estimating the primary pharmacokinetic parameters of acetaminophen and its metabolites."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Dose Optimization of Acetaminophen and its Metabolites Following Intravenous Infusion in Critically ill Adults. Mulubwa, M; Qader, AM; Sridharan, K, 2023)	1.37
" A joint two-compartment acetaminophen pharmacokinetic model linked to glucuronide and sulfate metabolite compartments was used."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Dose Optimization of Acetaminophen and its Metabolites Following Intravenous Infusion in Critically ill Adults. Mulubwa, M; Qader, AM; Sridharan, K, 2023)	1.46
"A joint pharmacokinetic model for intravenous acetaminophen and its principal metabolites in a critically ill patient population has been developed."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Dose Optimization of Acetaminophen and its Metabolites Following Intravenous Infusion in Critically ill Adults. Mulubwa, M; Qader, AM; Sridharan, K, 2023)	1.41

Compound-Compound Interactions

The current study investigated the immune effects induced in healthy mice by repeated administration of tramadol alone or in combination with acetaminophen or dexketoprofen. The aim of the study was to determine which non-narcotic analgesic provides better post-operative pain control.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Continuous Reaction Time (CRT) was measured in cancer patients receiving peripherally acting analgesics either alone (n = 16) or in combination with opioids (n = 16)."	( Reaction time in cancer patients receiving peripherally acting analgesics alone or in combination with opioids. Banning, A; Kaiser, F; Sjøgren, P, 1992)	0.28
" Neither decrease in plasma acetaminophen levels nor depression of cytochrome P-450 enzyme activity appears to be the mechanism of protection when these doses of NAC, cysteamine, or both drugs together are administered with a toxic dose of acetaminophen in mice."	( Cysteamine in combination with N-acetylcysteine prevents acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Brown, IR; Peterson, TC, 1992)	0.82
"In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 125 patients undergoing a cholecystectomy, a comparison was made of the quality of post-operative pain relief during 'patient-controlled' intake of sublingual buprenorphine in combination with either rectally administered naproxen 1000 mg/24 h, paracetamol 4000 mg/24 h or a placebo."	( Application of sublingual buprenorphine in combination with naproxen or paracetamol for post-operative pain relief in cholecystectomy patients in a double-blind study. Crul, BJ; Joosten, HJ; Vollaard, EJ; von Egmond, J; Witjes, WP, 1992)	0.28
" Data on the efficacy of orphenadrine alone and in combination with paracetamol for painful conditions are evaluated in the present review."	( Clinical and pharmacological review of the efficacy of orphenadrine and its combination with paracetamol in painful conditions. Donnell, D; Hunskaar, S, )	0.13
"The respiratory and psychomotor effects of a single oral dose of meptazinol (200 mg) and dextropropoxyphene (65 mg)/paracetamol (650 mg) mixture, was compared alone and in combination with ethanol (0."	( Comparison of the effects of therapeutic doses of meptazinol and a dextropropoxyphene/paracetamol mixture alone and in combination with ethanol on ventilatory function and saccadic eye movements. Ali, NA; Allen, EM; Graham, DF; Marshall, RW; Richens, A, 1985)	0.27
" These effects, combined with the common use of cimetidine in clinical practice, make the risk of adverse drug interactions a relatively frequent risk in the clinical setting."	( Drug interactions involving cimetidine--mechanisms, documentation, implications. Greene, W, 1984)	0.27
" Brief information on the following reports of drug-drug interactions is given in this article with the intention of giving these reports wider publicity and, possibly, encouraging further observation and research to establish or disprove their validity in a larger and wider range of patients or volunteer subjects."	( Early reports on drug interactions. D'Arcy, PF, 1983)	0.27
"Only drug-drug interactions that are believed clinically important and that are primarily pharmacokinetic in nature are discussed in this article."	( Therapeutic implications of drug interactions with acetaminophen and aspirin. Hayes, AH, 1981)	0.51
" The population was divided into two groups: group 1 received 20 mg of nalbuphine hydrochloride and group 2 received 2 g of propacetamol combined with 10 mg of nalbuphine hydrochloride."	( [Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of nalbuphine and its combination with propacetamol during the immediate postoperative period in gynecologic-obstetric surgery]. Granry, JC; Jacob, JP; Monrigal, C, 1994)	0.29
" After a dose of 100 mg/kg of caffeine given alone and in combination with 50 mg/kg of theophylline, hepatic GSH levels were decreased by 22."	( Hepatic glutathione and lipid peroxidation in rats treated with theophylline. Effect of dose and combination with caffeine and acetaminophen. Abdel-Meguid, EM; Farag, MM, 1994)	0.49
"At 2 months of age, 145 infants were randomized to receive either a two-component acellular pertussis vaccine [lymphocytosis-promoting factor (LPF)/filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA)] or standard whole-cell pertussis vaccine, each combined with diphtheria-tetanus toxoids, as their primary immunization series."	( Primary immunization series for infants: comparison of two-component acellular and standard whole-cell pertussis vaccines combined with diphtheria-tetanus toxoids. Andrew, M; Feldman, S; Jones, L; Lamb, D; Meschievitz, C; Moffitt, JE; Perry, CS, 1993)	0.29
"The analgesic drug combination Thomapyrin consisting of acetylsalicylic acid (CAS 50-78-2, ASA), paracetamol (CAS 103-90-2, NAPAP) and caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) in the ratio 5:4:1 was investigated for its chronic toxicity in rats."	( Studies on the chronic oral toxicity of an analgesic drug combination consisting of acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol and caffeine in rats including an electron microscopical evaluation of kidneys. Bauer, E; Bauer, M; Greischel, A; Hirsch, U; Lehmann, H; Schmid, J; Schneider, P, 1996)	0.29
"The objective of this study was to quantify the analgesic efficacy of paracetamol and its combination with codeine or caffeine through a systematic overview and meta-analysis of relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs)."	( Analgesic efficacy of paracetamol and its combination with codeine and caffeine in surgical pain--a meta-analysis. Li Wan Po, A; Zhang, WY, 1996)	0.29
" When the 40- or 80-mg/100 g acarbose diet was combined with ethanol, the ethanol-induced potentiation of CCl4 and AP hepatotoxicity was augmented."	( Acarbose alone or in combination with ethanol potentiates the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen in rats. Kaneko, T; Sato, A; Wang, PY; Wang, Y, 1999)	0.52
"Propacetamol and ketorolac, combined with patient-controlled analgesia morphine, show similar analgesic efficacy after gynecologic surgery."	( A double-blinded evaluation of propacetamol versus ketorolac in combination with patient-controlled analgesia morphine: analgesic efficacy and tolerability after gynecologic surgery. Agrò, F; Aloe, L; Ballabio, M; De Cillis, P; De Nicola, A; Giunta, F; Ischia, S; Marinangeli, F; Stefanini, S; Varrassi, G, 1999)	0.3
" Opioids should not be combined with alcohol, and meperidine must be avoided in the patient who has taken monoamine oxidase inhibitors in the previous 14 days."	( Adverse drug interactions in dental practice: interactions associated with analgesics, Part III in a series. Haas, DA, 1999)	0.3
"To evaluate the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (N-AC) alone or combined with multiple-dose activated charcoal (AC) in the treatment of acetaminophen (ACT) overdose."	( [Evaluation of the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine administered alone or in combination with activated charcoal in the treatment of acetaminophen overdoses]. Escalante-Galindo, P; Montoya-Cabrera, MA; Nava-Juárez, A; Terán-Hernández, JA; Terroba-Larios, VM, )	0.54
" Group A (n = 7) were treated only with N-AC and group B (n = 7) with N-AC combined with AC."	( [Evaluation of the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine administered alone or in combination with activated charcoal in the treatment of acetaminophen overdoses]. Escalante-Galindo, P; Montoya-Cabrera, MA; Nava-Juárez, A; Terán-Hernández, JA; Terroba-Larios, VM, )	0.34
" With the high degree of interpatient variability and the unpredictability of various drug-drug interactions with warfarin, close and frequent monitoring of international normalized ratios is the key for safe oral anticoagulation therapy."	( Warfarin-acetaminophen drug interaction revisited. Chan, LN; Nutescu, E; Shek, KL, 1999)	0.72
" Another drug whose mechanism of action is unknown is caffeine, which is often used in combination with other analgesics, augmenting their effect."	( Effects of caffeine and paracetamol alone or in combination with acetylsalicylic acid on prostaglandin E(2) synthesis in rat microglial cells. Aicher, B; Engelhardt, G; Fiebich, BL; Hüll, M; Lieb, K; Pairet, M; van Ryn, J, 2000)	0.31
" Its combination with pamabrom, a mild diuretic agent, (Women s Tylenol Menstrual Relief Caplets, Midol Teen) was approved by the FDA for use in this indication."	( Is acetaminophen, and its combination with pamabrom, an effective therapeutic option in primary dysmenorrhoea? De Los Santos, AR; Di Girolamo, G; González, CD; Sánchez, AJ, 2004)	0.94
"NSAIDs are widely applied to treat cancer pain and are frequently combined with opioids in combination preparations for this purpose."	( NSAIDS or paracetamol, alone or combined with opioids, for cancer pain. Carr, DB; Goudas, L; Lau, J; McNicol, E; Strassels, SA, 2005)	0.33
"To assess the effects of NSAIDs, alone or combined with opioids, for the treatment of cancer pain."	( NSAIDS or paracetamol, alone or combined with opioids, for cancer pain. Carr, DB; Goudas, L; Lau, J; McNicol, E; Strassels, SA, 2005)	0.33
" When a levodopa or droxidopa preparation, judged as grade 3 in screening, was concomitantly administered with an iron preparation, a significant reduction in bioavailability of the test drug was observed, indicating possible drug interaction between the test drug and oral iron."	( [Simple method for precognition of drug interaction between oral iron and phenolic hydroxyl group-containing drugs]. Kamimura, N; Murayama, N; Sunagane, N; Terawaki, Y; Uruno, T; Yoshinobu, E, 2005)	0.33
" Drug eruption due to a drug combination appears to be very rare."	( Multiple fixed drug eruption due to drug combination. Hara, H; Yokoyama, A, 2005)	0.33
" The present prospective, placebo-controlled and double-blind study aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of diclofenac, a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), in combination with paracetamol and opioids."	( Analgesic efficacy of diclofenac in combination with morphine and paracetamol after mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction. Legeby, M; Olofsson, C; Sandelin, K; Wickman, M, 2005)	0.33
" In this work, thermodynamic constraints on non-equilibrium metabolite concentrations are used to reveal the biochemical interactions between the metabolic pathways of ethanol and acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol), two drugs known to interact unfavorably."	( Thermodynamically based profiling of drug metabolism and drug-drug metabolic interactions: a case study of acetaminophen and ethanol toxic interaction. Beard, DA; Yang, F, 2006)	0.74
" The results therefore indicate that TTS-F offers more effective pain relief than codeine/paracetamol, in combination with R/T, in patients with metastatic bone pain, obtaining complete treatment satisfaction matched by improvements in their QoL."	( Comparison of transdermal fentanyl with codeine/paracetamol, in combination with radiotherapy, for the management of metastatic bone pain. Katsouda, E; Kouloulias, V; Kouvaris, J; Mystakidou, K; Tsiatas, M; Vlahos, L, )	0.13
" The acute pain models were not sufficiently sensitive to detect an analgesic effect of paracetamol or the combination with dextromethorphan."	( Effects of paracetamol combined with dextromethorphan in human experimental muscle and skin pain. Ali, Z; Arendt-Nielsen, L; Drewes, AM; Olesen, AE; Staahl, C, 2007)	0.34
" The data also suggest a possible drug-drug interaction between flutamide and APAP, resulting in inhibition of flutamide metabolism and increased APAP bioactivation and toxicity."	( Transport, metabolism, and hepatotoxicity of flutamide, drug-drug interaction with acetaminophen involving phase I and phase II metabolites. Ellis, E; Kostrubsky, SE; Mutlib, AE; Nelson, SD; Strom, SC, 2007)	0.56
"A number of case reports and well-controlled clinical trials were identified that provided evidence of the relatively well known drug-drug interactions between prescription/OTC NSAIDs and alcohol, antihypertensive drugs, high-dose methotrexate, and lithium, as well as between frequently prescribed narcotics and other central nervous system depressants."	( Adverse drug interactions involving common prescription and over-the-counter analgesic agents. Hersh, EV; Moore, PA; Pinto, A, 2007)	0.34
"Considering the widespread use of analgesic agents, the overall incidence of serious drug-drug interactions involving these agents has been relatively low."	( Adverse drug interactions involving common prescription and over-the-counter analgesic agents. Hersh, EV; Moore, PA; Pinto, A, 2007)	0.34
" Detection was by positive ion TurboIonSpray ionisation combined with selected reaction monitoring MS."	( Application of dried blood spots combined with HPLC-MS/MS for the quantification of acetaminophen in toxicokinetic studies. Barfield, M; Fowles, S; Lad, R; Parry, S; Spooner, N, 2008)	0.57
"The present study describes a new analytical approach for the detection and characterization of chemically reactive metabolites using glutathione ethyl ester (GSH-EE) as the trapping agent in combination with hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry."	( Screening and characterization of reactive metabolites using glutathione ethyl ester in combination with Q-trap mass spectrometry. Fitch, WL; Wen, B, 2009)	0.35
" We investigated the analgesic effect of pregabalin and dexamethasone in combination with paracetamol after abdominal hysterectomy."	( Pregabalin and dexamethasone in combination with paracetamol for postoperative pain control after abdominal hysterectomy. A randomized clinical trial. Dahl, JB; Dierking, G; Fomsgaard, JS; Hilsted, KL; Lech, K; Lose, G; Mathiesen, O; Rasmussen, ML, 2009)	0.35
" We, therefore, investigated the analgesic effect of gabapentin, dexamethasone and low-dose ketamine in combination with paracetamol and ketorolac as compared with paracetamol and ketorolac alone after hip arthroplasty."	( Multimodal analgesia with gabapentin, ketamine and dexamethasone in combination with paracetamol and ketorolac after hip arthroplasty: a preliminary study. Christensen, BV; Dahl, JB; Dierking, G; Hilsted, KL; Larsen, TK; Mathiesen, O; Rasmussen, ML, 2010)	0.36
"Preoperative gabapentin, dexamethasone and ketamine combined with paracetamol and ketorolac reduced overall pain scores in patients after hip arthroplasty as compared with paracetamol and ketorolac alone."	( Multimodal analgesia with gabapentin, ketamine and dexamethasone in combination with paracetamol and ketorolac after hip arthroplasty: a preliminary study. Christensen, BV; Dahl, JB; Dierking, G; Hilsted, KL; Larsen, TK; Mathiesen, O; Rasmussen, ML, 2010)	0.36
"Two randomized, open-label, crossover, drug-drug interaction studies."	( Effects of acetaminophen, naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid on tapentadol pharmacokinetics: results of two randomized, open-label, crossover, drug-drug interaction studies. Mangold, B; Oh, C; Ravenstijn, PG; Rengelshausen, J; Smit, JW; Terlinden, R; Upmalis, D; Wang, SS, 2010)	0.75
" In the 2-way crossover study, tapentadol IR was also given with the fifth of seven doses of acetaminophen 1000 mg; in the 3-way crossover study, tapentadol IR was also given with the third of four doses of naproxen 500 mg and the second of two doses of acetylsalicylic acid 325 mg."	( Effects of acetaminophen, naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid on tapentadol pharmacokinetics: results of two randomized, open-label, crossover, drug-drug interaction studies. Mangold, B; Oh, C; Ravenstijn, PG; Rengelshausen, J; Smit, JW; Terlinden, R; Upmalis, D; Wang, SS, 2010)	0.97
" The current study evaluated the efficacy of the non-opiate analgesic acetaminophen, which has several putative analgesic mechanisms, combined with analgesic drugs used to treat neuropathic pain in a rat model of below-level neuropathic SCI pain."	( Cannabinoid receptor-mediated antinociception with acetaminophen drug combinations in rats with neuropathic spinal cord injury pain. Hama, AT; Sagen, J, )	0.62
" Inhibition of UGT phosphorylation by PKC inhibitor drugs may represent a novel mechanism for drug-drug interactions."	( Role for protein kinase C delta in the functional activity of human UGT1A6: implications for drug-drug interactions between PKC inhibitors and UGT1A6. Court, MH; Volak, LP, 2010)	0.36
"The antiviral drug combination consisting of arbidol and acetaminophen was investigated for its 4-week repeated oral administration in Sprague-Dawley rats."	( A 4-week oral toxicity study of an antiviral drug combination consisting of arbidol and acetaminophen in rats. Bai, WX; Liu, J; Pan, WN; Pan, YY; Shu, B; Wang, M; Yao, J, 2010)	0.83
"To determine the risk: benefit of paracetamol combined with caffeine in the short-term management of acute pain conditions."	( A risk-benefit assessment of paracetamol (acetaminophen) combined with caffeine. Day, R; Graham, G; Palmer, H; Williams, K, 2010)	0.62
"Database searches were conducted to identify double-blind trials comparing paracetamol/caffeine with paracetamol alone (benefit analysis) and any data pertaining to hepatotoxicity of paracetamol when combined with caffeine (risk analysis)."	( A risk-benefit assessment of paracetamol (acetaminophen) combined with caffeine. Day, R; Graham, G; Palmer, H; Williams, K, 2010)	0.62
" dose of dexamethasone in combination with caudal block on postoperative analgesia in children."	( Effect of dexamethasone in combination with caudal analgesia on postoperative pain control in day-case paediatric orchiopexy. Han, SW; Hong, JY; Kil, HK; Kim, EJ; Kim, WO, 2010)	0.36
"5 mg kg(-1) in combination with a caudal block augmented the intensity and duration of postoperative analgesia without adverse effects in children undergoing day-case paediatric orchiopexy."	( Effect of dexamethasone in combination with caudal analgesia on postoperative pain control in day-case paediatric orchiopexy. Han, SW; Hong, JY; Kil, HK; Kim, EJ; Kim, WO, 2010)	0.36
"To evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative local anesthetic infiltration in combination with intravenous paracetamol infusion on postoperative pain management in patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)."	( Efficacy of levobupivacaine infiltration to nephrosthomy tract in combination with intravenous paracetamol on postoperative analgesia in percutaneous nephrolithotomy patients. Dogan, HS; Gokten, OE; Kilicarslan, H; Kordan, Y; Turker, G, 2011)	0.37
"Levobupivacaine infiltration through the nephrostomy tract in combination with intravenous paracetamol infusion was shown to be safe and efficacious as an analgesia method after PCNL."	( Efficacy of levobupivacaine infiltration to nephrosthomy tract in combination with intravenous paracetamol on postoperative analgesia in percutaneous nephrolithotomy patients. Dogan, HS; Gokten, OE; Kilicarslan, H; Kordan, Y; Turker, G, 2011)	0.37
" First of all, once assessed that all drugs induced dose-related antinociceptive effects, they were mixed in fixed ratio (1:1) combinations and a synergistic drug-drug interaction was obtained in all circumstances."	( Fentanyl-trazodone-paracetamol triple drug combination: multimodal analgesia in a mouse model of visceral pain. Ciruela, F; Fernández, A; Fernández-Dueñas, V; Planas, E; Poveda, R; Sánchez, S, 2011)	0.37
"This study compared the antipyretic effect of 3 different treatment regimens in children, using either ibuprofen alone, ibuprofen combined with acetaminophen, or ibuprofen followed by acetaminophen over a single 6-hour observation period."	( Efficacy of standard doses of Ibuprofen alone, alternating, and combined with acetaminophen for the treatment of febrile children. Berlin, CM; Engle, L; Paul, IM; Sturgis, SA; Watts, H; Yang, C, 2010)	0.79
"Forty-four OA patients randomly divided into two groups underwent three weeks of comprehensive day hospital rehabilitation treatment alone (group A) or in combination with acetaminophen 1g three times a day."	( Efficacy of a comprehensive rehabilitation programme combined with pharmacological treatment in reducing pain in a group of OA patients on a waiting list for total joint replacement. Atzeni, F; Casale, R; Damiani, C; Nica, AS; Rosati, V; Sarzi-Puttini, P, )	0.33
" Results show that rats administered with toxic doses (1000 mg/kg, 3000 mg/kg, 5000 mg/kg BW) of paracetamol exhibited significant increases in the levels of ALT, AST, γ- GT compared with controls."	( Biochemical and histologic presentations of female Wistar rats administered with different doses of paracetamol/methionine. Adeniyi, FA; Iyanda, AA, 2011)	0.37
" The present pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of peripheral blood microsampling techniques in combination with quantitative liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry analysis for the determination of pharmacokinetics in clinical studies."	( Evaluation of peripheral blood microsampling techniques in combination with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry for the determination of drug pharmacokinetics in clinical studies. Meesters, RJ; Rincón, JP, 2014)	0.4
" Drugs were selected based not only on the knowledge that the 6-hydroxylation of exogenous melatonin, its principal pathway of metabolism, is mainly mediated by hepatic CYP1A2, but also on the likelihood of the drug being concurrently administered with melatonin."	( Potential drug interactions with melatonin. Ioannides, C; Papagiannidou, E; Skene, DJ, 2014)	0.4
" We report the death of two young individuals after ingestion of AH-7921 in combination with other psychoactive drugs."	( Lethal poisonings with AH-7921 in combination with other substances. Frost, J; Johansen, U; Karinen, R; Peres, MD; Rogde, S; Tuv, SS; Vindenes, V; Øiestad, ÅM, 2014)	0.4
" Given previous research supporting the potential efficacy of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for modulating pain-related brain activity in individuals with refractory central pain, we hypothesized that anodal tDCS when applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) combined with standard treatment will be more effective for reducing pain in patients with MPS than standard treatment alone."	( Pain reduction in myofascial pain syndrome by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation combined with standard treatment: a randomized controlled study. Auvichayapat, N; Auvichayapat, P; Janyacharoen, T; Jensen, MP; Keeratitanont, K; Sakrajai, P; Sawanyawisuth, K; Tunkamnerdthai, O, 2014)	0.4
"Five consecutive days of anodal tDCS over M1 combined with standard treatment appears to reduce pain intensity and may improve PROM, faster than standard treatment alone."	( Pain reduction in myofascial pain syndrome by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation combined with standard treatment: a randomized controlled study. Auvichayapat, N; Auvichayapat, P; Janyacharoen, T; Jensen, MP; Keeratitanont, K; Sakrajai, P; Sawanyawisuth, K; Tunkamnerdthai, O, 2014)	0.4
"Increased bioavailability of phenylephrine is reported when combined with paracetamol in over-the-counter formulations for the symptomatic treatment of the common cold and influenza."	( Potential cardiovascular adverse events when phenylephrine is combined with paracetamol: simulation and narrative review. Anderson, BJ; Atkinson, HC; Potts, AL, 2015)	0.42
"MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for papers discussing or describing any adverse effect, hypersensitivity or safety concerns related to phenylephrine alone or in combination with other drugs."	( Potential cardiovascular adverse events when phenylephrine is combined with paracetamol: simulation and narrative review. Anderson, BJ; Atkinson, HC; Potts, AL, 2015)	0.42
"Auricular point sticking before operation combined with conventional western medicine with oral administration for preventing and treating postoperative complications of external excision and internal ligation on mixed hemorrhoid achieves positive and reliable efficacy."	( [Clinical observation of auricular point sticking combined with western medicine for preventing and treating postoperative complications of external excision and internal ligation on mixed hemorrhoid]. Li, J; Long, Q; Wen, Y, 2015)	0.42
"This study was conducted to determine if intravenous dexamethasone combined with caudal block was able to prolong post-operative analgesia in pediatric daycare surgeries."	( INTRAVENOUS DEXAMETHASONE IN COMBINATION WITH CAUDAL BLOCK PROLONGS POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA IN PEDIATRIC DAYCARE SURGERY. Azarinah, I; Esa, K; Hamidah, I; Khairulamir, Z; Murni Sari Ahmad, A; Norsidah Abdul, M, 2015)	0.42
"A single intravenous dexamethasone dose when combined with caudal block reduces postoperative pain, decreases paracetamol requirement and prolongs analgesic duration in children after open herniotomy."	( INTRAVENOUS DEXAMETHASONE IN COMBINATION WITH CAUDAL BLOCK PROLONGS POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA IN PEDIATRIC DAYCARE SURGERY. Azarinah, I; Esa, K; Hamidah, I; Khairulamir, Z; Murni Sari Ahmad, A; Norsidah Abdul, M, 2015)	0.42
"Many patients treated with imatinib, used in cancer treatment, are using several other drugs that could interact with imatinib."	( Drug-drug interactions with imatinib: An observational study. Bondon-Guitton, E; Bourrel, R; Chebane, L; Despas, F; Lapeyre-Mestre, M; Montastruc, JL; Récoché, I; Rousseau, V, 2016)	0.43
"Because nefopam's morphine-sparing is debated when combined with paracetamol, this study aimed to assess pain relief by IV nefopam in combination with paracetamol after major abdominal surgery."	( Opioid-sparing effect of nefopam in combination with paracetamol after major abdominal surgery: a randomized double-blind study. Alonso, S; Casano, F; Cuvillon, P; Demattei, C; L'hermite, J; Lefrant, JY; Muller, L; Ripart, J; Zoric, L, 2017)	0.46
"This prospective randomized study suggested that nefopam in combination with paracetamol has no benefit after open abdominal surgery."	( Opioid-sparing effect of nefopam in combination with paracetamol after major abdominal surgery: a randomized double-blind study. Alonso, S; Casano, F; Cuvillon, P; Demattei, C; L'hermite, J; Lefrant, JY; Muller, L; Ripart, J; Zoric, L, 2017)	0.46
" Drug-drug multicomponent adducts could help in combination of drugs at supramolecular level."	( Fast dissolving drug-drug eutectics with improved compressibility and synergistic effects. Chavan, R; Naidu, VGM; Shastri, NR; Thipparaboina, R; Thumuri, D, 2017)	0.46
"This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of preemptive analgesia (PA) by using celecoxib combined with low-dose tramadol/acetaminophen (tramadol/APAP) in treating post-operative pain of patients undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA)."	( Preemptive analgesia by using celecoxib combined with tramadol/APAP alleviates post-operative pain of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Luo, J; Xu, Z; Zhang, H; Zhang, J; Zhou, A, 2017)	0.66
"To assess whether a "drugome-wide" screen with case-crossover design is a feasible approach for identifying candidate drugs and drug-drug interactions."	( Screening approach for identifying candidate drugs and drug-drug interactions related to hip fracture risk in persons with Alzheimer disease. Hartikainen, S; Koponen, M; Lavikainen, P; Paananen, J; Taipale, H; Tanskanen, A; Tiihonen, J; Tolppanen, AM, 2017)	0.46
"Case-crossover analysis is a potential approach for identifying candidate drugs and drug-drug interactions associated with adverse events as it implicitly controls for fixed confounders."	( Screening approach for identifying candidate drugs and drug-drug interactions related to hip fracture risk in persons with Alzheimer disease. Hartikainen, S; Koponen, M; Lavikainen, P; Paananen, J; Taipale, H; Tanskanen, A; Tiihonen, J; Tolppanen, AM, 2017)	0.46
" Based on these values and on the statistical model, the impact of drug combination versus single drug as well as of reversed order was small with changes in relative recovery of smaller equal 9%."	( Drug combinations and impact of experimental conditions on relative recovery in in vitro microdialysis investigations. Burau, D; Dorn, C; Ehmann, L; Kloft, C; Kratzer, A; Petroff, D; Simon, P; Weiser, C; Wrigge, H, 2019)	0.51
" In this work, the quantitative analysis of polymorphic forms of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients based on X-ray Powder Diffraction is performed for the first time by a method based on multivariate standard addition method combined with net analyte signal procedure; it allows for reliable quantification of polymorphs of active principles in solid formulations, which are rapidly analyzed without any sample pre-treatment."	( Quantifying API polymorphs in formulations using X-ray powder diffraction and multivariate standard addition method combined with net analyte signal analysis. Caliandro, R; Galimberti, G; Maini, L; Melucci, D; Zappi, A, 2019)	0.51
"To evaluate the effect of postoperative intravenous (IV) acetaminophen (paracetamol) vs placebo combined with IV propofol vs dexmedetomidine on postoperative delirium among older patients undergoing cardiac surgery."	( Effect of Intravenous Acetaminophen vs Placebo Combined With Propofol or Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Delirium Among Older Patients Following Cardiac Surgery: The DEXACET Randomized Clinical Trial. Banner-Goodspeed, V; Eikermann, M; Gallagher, J; Gasangwa, D; Marcantonio, ER; Mathur, P; Mueller, A; O'Gara, B; Packiasabapathy, S; Patxot, M; Shaefi, S; Shankar, P; Subramaniam, B; Talmor, D, 2019)	1.07
"Among older patients undergoing cardiac surgery, postoperative scheduled IV acetaminophen, combined with IV propofol or dexmedetomidine, reduced in-hospital delirium vs placebo."	( Effect of Intravenous Acetaminophen vs Placebo Combined With Propofol or Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Delirium Among Older Patients Following Cardiac Surgery: The DEXACET Randomized Clinical Trial. Banner-Goodspeed, V; Eikermann, M; Gallagher, J; Gasangwa, D; Marcantonio, ER; Mathur, P; Mueller, A; O'Gara, B; Packiasabapathy, S; Patxot, M; Shaefi, S; Shankar, P; Subramaniam, B; Talmor, D, 2019)	1.06
" In this study, a new drug-drug cocrystal of LVFX and an APAP analog was developed using a grinding and heating approach."	( A Novel Drug-Drug Cocrystal of Levofloxacin and Metacetamol: Reduced Hygroscopicity and Improved Photostability of Levofloxacin. Higashi, K; Moribe, K; Ono, M; Shinozaki, T, 2019)	0.51
"The primary purpose of this study was to identify the most common drug-drug interactions (DDI'S) in patients prescribed medications upon discharge from the emergency department."	( Descriptive study of drug-drug interactions attributed to prescriptions written upon discharge from the emergency department. Bridgeman, PJ; Jawaro, T; Mele, J; Wei, G, 2019)	0.51
" The primary endpoint is the identification and characterization of drug-drug interactions caused by discharge prescriptions written by the treating physician."	( Descriptive study of drug-drug interactions attributed to prescriptions written upon discharge from the emergency department. Bridgeman, PJ; Jawaro, T; Mele, J; Wei, G, 2019)	0.51
"To determine which non-narcotic analgesic, acetaminophen (Ofirmev®) or ketorolac (Toradol®), provides better post-operative pain control when combined with an opioid patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump."	( A prospective randomized trial of intravenous ketorolac vs. acetaminophen administered with opioid patient-controlled analgesia in gynecologic surgery. Ahmad, S; Bigsby, GE; Ghurani, GB; Holloway, RW; James, JA; Jeppson, CN; Kendrick, JE; Rakowski, JA, 2019)	1.02
"To compare the therapeutic effects of continuous epidural block combined with drugs and oral drugs alone on postherpetic neuralgia (PHN)."	( Comparison of therapeutic effects of continuous epidural nerve block combined with drugs on postherpetic neuralgia. Dong, X; Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Yang, Q; Zhang, Z, 2021)	0.62
" Patients in group A had epidural block combined with oral administration of gabapentin and oxycodone-acetaminophen, and patients in group B received oral gabapentin and oxycodone-acetaminophen."	( Comparison of therapeutic effects of continuous epidural nerve block combined with drugs on postherpetic neuralgia. Dong, X; Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Yang, Q; Zhang, Z, 2021)	0.84
"Both treatments have certain effects on PHN, but epidural block combined with drug therapy is more effective, especially for patients with severe pain, early use can quickly relieve pain."	( Comparison of therapeutic effects of continuous epidural nerve block combined with drugs on postherpetic neuralgia. Dong, X; Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Yang, Q; Zhang, Z, 2021)	0.62
" To evaluate their drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and the hepatotoxicity of co-administration, rats were randomly separated into four groups: Control, APAP (50 mg/kg), ROX (5."	( Drug-drug interaction of acetaminophen and roxithromycin with the cocktail of cytochrome P450 and hepatotoxicity in rats. Chen, C; Liu, X; Zhang, X, 2020)	0.86
" Paracetamol is a non-opioid analgesic used alone or in combination with opioids for the treatment of cancer pain."	( In vivo assessment of the drug interaction between sorafenib and paracetamol in rats. Grabowski, T; Grześkowiak, E; Karbownik, A; Sobańska, K; Stanisławiak-Rudowicz, J; Szałek, E; Wolc, A, 2020)	0.56
" The aim of this study was to better understand the drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential of CYP3A and P-gp inhibitors."	( PBPK modeling of CYP3A and P-gp substrates to predict drug-drug interactions in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Chan, LN; Chen, KF; Lin, YS, 2020)	0.56
" However, few data have been provided to clinicians about the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions of cannabinoids with other concomitant administered medications."	( Potential Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions between Cannabinoids and Drugs Used for Chronic Pain. Guevara, N; Guido, PC; Maldonado, C; Schaiquevich, P; Vázquez, M, 2020)	0.56
" Herein, we aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxic and genotoxic effects that ciprofloxacin alone and in combination with paracetamol may induce in Danio rerio adults."	( Low concentrations of ciprofloxacin alone and in combination with paracetamol induce oxidative stress, upregulation of apoptotic-related genes, histological alterations in the liver, and genotoxicity in Danio rerio. Elizalde-Velázquez, GA; Galar-Martínez, M; García-Medina, S; Gómez-Oliván, LM; Guzmán-García, X; Islas-Flores, H; Orozco-Hernández, JM; Raldua, D; Rosales-Pérez, K; Rosas-Ramírez, JR, 2022)	0.72
" This open-label study (NCT03974932) evaluated the efficacy and safety of HTX-011 combined with an MMA regimen in patients undergoing TKA under spinal anesthesia."	( HTX-011 in Combination with Multimodal Analgesic Regimen Minimized Severe Pain and Opioid Use after Total Knee Arthroplasty in an Open-Label Study. Berkowitz, R; Hacker, S; Hu, J; Lee, GC; Rechter, A, 2023)	0.91
" The prescribing of multiple analgesics leads to potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs)."	( Potential drug-drug interactions in patients presenting with osteoarthritis to community orthopaedic clinics of Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A cross-sectional study. Amirzada, MI; Bashir, H; Iqbal, M; Khan, Q; Rehman, IU; Sharif, MJH, 2023)	0.91
" However, there is limited Indian data available on the nimesulide/paracetamol fixed drug combination (FDC)."	( An Open-label, Prospective, Multicentric, Cohort Study of Nimesulide/Paracetamol Fixed Drug Combination for Acute Pain Management: Sub-group Analysis. Gondane, A; Muruganathan, A; Pawar, D; Tiwaskar, M, 2023)	0.91
" As a result, this study shows that subtoxic dose of APAP treatment alone or in combination with acute or exhaustive treadmill exercise can cause oxidative liver damage by affecting Sirt1 levels and without affecting VEGF levels."	( The effects of subtoxic dose of acetaminophen combined with exercise on the liver of rats. Acikgoz, O; Aksu, I; Gencoglu, C; Kiray, M; Tas, A, 2023)	1.19
" Therefore, the current study investigated the immune effects induced in healthy mice by repeated administration of tramadol alone or in combination with acetaminophen or dexketoprofen."	( Immunomodulation by tramadol combined with acetaminophen or dexketoprofen: In vivo animal study. Bryniarski, K; Cieślik, M; Fedor, A; Filipczak-Bryniarska, I; Gębicka, M; Kozlowski, M; Kruk, G; Nazimek, K; Nowak, B; Pełka-Zakielarz, J; Skalska, P, 2023)	1.37

Bioavailability

Microtracer study to shed a light on this issue. The bioavailability of acetaminophen from gels formed in the stomach of gastric-acidity controlled rabbits following oral administration of the liquid formulations was not significantly affected either by the inclusion of 10% D-sorbitol or increase of pH to 3.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The method was used to determine the effect of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) on the disposition and bioavailability of phenacetin following its oral and iv administration to rats."	( Effect of 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment on the bioavailability of phenacetin in the rat. Deangelis, RL; Hughes, CR; Welch, RM, )	0.13
" Benorylate was well absorbed in rabbits, but more slowly than an equimolar mixture of aspirin and paracetamol."	( Comparative metabolism of benorylate and an equivalent mixture of aspirin and paracetamol in neonate and adult rabbits. Davison, C; Dorrbecker, BR; Edelson, J, 1977)	0.26
"The synthesis, hydrolysis rate, and bioavailability of 1-(p-acetaminophenoxy)-1-ethoxyethane, an acetaminophen prodrug, are described."	( Prodrug approaches to enhancement of physicochemical properties of drugs IX: acetaminophen prodrug. Hussain, A; Kulkarni, P; Perrier, D, 1978)	0.73
" An increase of the extent of bioavailability of paracetamol was observed after the atropine administration, however the absorption of the drug was delayed."	( Effect of papaverine and atropine on pharmacokinetics of paracetamol administered orally. Gawrońska-Szklarz, B; Kaźmierczyk, J; Samochowiec, L; Wójcicki, J, )	0.13
"Descriptive statistics and statistical tests used in reporting bioavailability data are reviewed in order to give the practicing pharmacist the fundamental knowledge needed to evaluate such data."	( Statistical inference as applied to bioavailability data--a guide for the practicing pharmacist. Bennett, RW; Popovich, NG, 1977)	0.26
"Using the rate of absorption of paracetamol following oral administration of the drug, gastric emptying was measured in 21 patients following hysterectomy."	( Gastric emptying following hysterectomy with extradural analgesia. Littlewood, DG; Nimmo, WS; Prescott, LF; Scott, DB, 1978)	0.26
" No difference in the bioavailability of 500 mg paracetamol given orally was observed between the two groups."	( Paracetamol (acetaminophen) kinetics in patients with Gilber's syndrome. Douglas, AP; Rawlins, MD; Savage, RL, 1978)	0.63
" This effect greatly decreases the bioavailability of phenacetin."	( Enhanced phenacetin metabolism in human subjects fed charcoal-broiled beef. Alvares, AP; Anderson, KE; Conney, AH; Garland, WA; Hsiao, KC; Kappas, A; Pantuck, EJ, 1976)	0.26
"The period of time after administration over which blood level measurements are required to obtain a reliable bioavailability comparison of two or more formulations of the same drug was considered by the analysis of bioavailability data taken from the literature."	( Comparative bioavailabilities from truncated blood level curves. Lovering, EG; McGilveray, IJ; McMillan, I; Tostowaryk, W, 1975)	0.25
" The rate of bioavailability differed markedly between products and, in one case, the suppository dose of acetaminophen was so slowly absorbed that the clinical effectiveness of the product is doubtful."	( Bioavailability of acetaminophen suppositories. Feldman, S, 1975)	0.8
" In agreement with this finding, the bioavailability of a small oral dose of phenacetin (0."	( On the pharmacokinetics of phenacetin in man. Dubach, UC; Raaflaub, J, 1975)	0.25
"49) corresponding to a mean oral bioavailability of paracetamol of 82."	( Tolerance and pharmacokinetics of propacetamol, a paracetamol formulation for intravenous use. de Schepper, PJ; Depré, M; Gerin, M; Tjandra-Maga, TB; van Hecken, A; Verbesselt, R, 1992)	0.28
" The well known bioavailability parameters of absorption and the area under the curve of the fractional absorbed time profiles up to 30 min were used as an index of gastric emptying."	( Influence of cisapride, metoclopramide and loperamide on gastric emptying of normal volunteers as measured by means of the area under the curve of the cumulative fraction absorbed-time profiles of paracetamol. Moncrieff, J; Sommers, DK; van Wyk, M, 1992)	0.28
"An open trial was carried out in eight healthy male and female volunteers to examine the bioavailability as well as the main kinetic parameters of Migränerton (metoclopramide and paracetamol; CAS 364-64-5 and CAS 103-90-2, resp)."	( [Pharmacokinetic aspects of a combination of metoclopramide and paracetamol. Results of a human kinetic study and consequences for migraine patients]. Becker, A; Berner, G; Leuschner, F; Vögtle-Junkert, U, 1992)	0.28
" The bioavailability was determined according to the time (tmax) of the concentration maximum in plasma (Cmax) and the area under the curve (AUC)."	( The influence of food on the absorption of diclofenac as a pure substance. Feller, K; Gramatte, T; Hrdlcka, P; Richter, K; Terhaag, B, 1991)	0.28
" Simultaneously fittings (intravenous and oral curves showed significant statistical differences for bioavailability estimated parameters (AUCev, F and K01)."	( Reduction of oral bioavailability of paracetamol by tolmetin in rat. Domenech, J; Moreno, J; Obach, R; Peraire, C; Sabater, J, 1991)	0.28
"To determine the absorption rate of a supratherapeutic dose of acetaminophen elixir and compare the effect of activated charcoal (AC) given at different time intervals on preventing acetaminophen absorption."	( Simulated acetaminophen overdose: pharmacokinetics and effectiveness of activated charcoal. Gorman, RL; Klein-Schwartz, W; Oderda, GM; Rose, SR; Watson, WA, 1991)	0.92
" The results of a comparative pharmacokinetic investigation of MR 897 and benorilate in the rat confirm higher bioavailability and a more favourable plasma level profile with MR 897."	( High-pressure liquid chromatographic evaluation of cyclic paracetamol-acetylsalicylate and its active metabolites with results of a comparative pharmacokinetic investigation in the rat. Lucarelli, C; Marzo, A; Meroni, G; Quadro, G; Ripamonti, M; Treffner, E, 1990)	0.28
" There was a good correlation between MATAAP and the extent of bioavailability of chlorothiazide, however, there was no correlation between TFASP and the extent of bioavailability of the drug."	( Gastrointestinal absorption of chlorothiazide: evaluation of a method using salicylazosulfapyridine and acetaminophen as the marker compounds for determination of the gastrointestinal transit time in the dog. Kawazoe, Y; Mizuta, H; Ogawa, K, 1990)	0.49
"The bioavailability of paracetamol from suppositories was studied in 16 geriatric in-patients in stable clinical condition; 9 had significant amounts of feces in the rectum."	( Absorption of paracetamol from suppositories in geriatric patients with fecal accumulation in the rectum. Hagen, IJ; Haram, EM; Laake, K, 1991)	0.28
" The extent of bioavailability was little affected by the gastric emptying time, but significantly influenced by the small intestinal transit time."	( Effect of small intestinal transit time on gastrointestinal absorption of 2-[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-1-yl ] ethyl acetate, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Kawazoe, Y; Mizuta, H; Ogawa, K, 1990)	0.28
" The result also shows beta-cyclodextrin and HPMC markedly reduced the in vivo bioavailability of acetaminophen from both test formulations."	( Effect of beta-cyclodextrin on the in vitro permeation rate and in vivo rectal absorption of acetaminophen hydrogel preparations. Lin, SY; Yang, JC, 1990)	0.72
" No significant differences in relative bioavailability were observed."	( Egg albumin microspheres containing paracetamol for oral administration. II. In vivo investigation. Cadorniga, R; Davis, SS; Illum, L; Torrado, JJ, )	0.13
" Concentrations of TC above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) did not affect the absorption rate of the hydrophilic drugs PA and TP; the barrier function of the intestinal wall for PA and TP was not altered in the presence of taurocholate."	( Intestinal absorption of drugs. III. The influence of taurocholate on the disappearance kinetics of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs from the small intestine of the rat. Breäs, R; Poelma, FG; Tukker, JJ, 1990)	0.28
" atropine and pirenzepine) and the results were compared with the bioavailability (i."	( The mean cumulative fraction absorbed-time profiles of paracetamol as an index of gastric emptying. Meyer, EC; Moncrieff, J; Sommers, DK; van Wyk, M, 1990)	0.28
"25 mg), codeine phosphate (8 mg) and paracetamol (500 mg) had any effect on the bioavailability of the analgesics."	( The relative bioavailability of paracetamol and codeine after oral administration of a combination of buclizine, paracetamol and codeine, with or without docusate, and of paracetamol alone in healthy volunteers. Johnson, ES; Merrington, D; Oliver, W; Persaud, N, 1985)	0.27
" Inhibition of the formation of the reactive metabolite of paracetamol or reduction of the absorption rate of paracetamol seem to be unlikely as mechanisms underlying the ASA-induced effect."	( Reduction by acetylsalicylic acid of paracetamol-induced hepatic glutathione depletion in rats treated with 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl, phenobarbitone and pregnenolone-16-alpha-carbonitrile. De Vries, J; Groot, EJ; van Bree, L, 1989)	0.28
"Determination of the Relative Bioavailability of Paracetamol Following Administration of Solid and Liquid Oral Preparations and Rectal Dosage Forms."	( [The relative bioavailability of paracetamol following administration of solid and liquid oral preparations and rectal dosage forms]. Guserle, R; Luckow, V; Walter-Sack, I; Weber, E, 1989)	0.28
" These results indicate that absorption rate of droxicam has been modified but bioavailability does not suffer modification in conditions of altered gastric emptying."	( The influence of gastric emptying on droxicam pharmacokinetics. Bartlett, A; García-Barbal, J; Martínez, L; Roser, R; Sagarra, R; Sánchez, J, 1989)	0.28
"A controlled study of the bioavailability of paracetamol in solid dispersion with PEG 6000, 10000 and 20000 has been made."	( The effect of the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol on the bioavailability of paracetamol-polyethylene glycol solid dispersions. Alonso, MJ; Blanco, J; Vila-Jato, JL, 1986)	0.27
" The two drugs were found to have the same efficiency on the subjective parameters but high bioavailability glaphenine seems to have an effectiveness in the range of articulatory movements, which is not found with paracetamol."	( Comparative study of high bio-availability glaphenine and paracetamol in cervical and lumbar arthrosis. Albert, A; Crielaard, JM; Franchimont, P; Urbin Choffray, D, 1987)	0.27
" Gastric emptying after each premedication was assessed indirectly from the rate of absorption of oral paracetamol."	( Comparison of the effect of cisapride and metoclopramide on morphine-induced delay in gastric emptying. Bamber, PA; Nimmo, WS; Rowbotham, DJ, 1988)	0.27
" The relative bioavailability of paracetamol from the composite analgesic preparations, however, did not show a statistically significant difference as compared to the preparation where paracetamol was present as a single component."	( The effect of guaiphenesin on absorption and bioavailability of paracetamol from composite analgesic preparations. Janku, I; Kordac, V; Perlík, F, 1988)	0.27
" The gastric emptying rates of dosage forms were extremely prolonged in beagle dogs after drug administration postprandially, and this restricted the use of beagle dogs as an animal model in bioavailability tests."	( Gastric emptying rates of drug preparations. I. Effects of size of dosage forms, food and species on gastric emptying rates. Aoyagi, N; Ejima, A; Kaniwa, N; Ogata, H, 1988)	0.27
"Eight healthy male volunteers took part in this study to determine the relative bioavailability of Treuphadol oblong tablets (500 mg paracetamol), Treuphadol Plus oblong tablets (500 mg paracetamol, 30 mg codeine phosphate) and Treuphadol suppositories (750 mg paracetamol) against commercial tablets (500 mg paracetamol)."	( [Relative bioavailability of paracetamol from tablets and suppositories as well as of paracetamol and codeine in a combination tablet]. Barkworth, MF; Birkenfeld, A; Cierpka, H; Dyde, CJ; Klein, G; Rehm, KD; Töberich, H, 1986)	0.27
" In vivo bioavailability studies were carried out in six healthy volunteers who received the tablets or the standard solution in a single dose, cross-over study."	( Comparative bioavailability of three commercial acetaminophen tablets. Ayanoğlu-Dülger, G; Hekimoğlu, S; Hincal, AA, 1987)	0.53
"Moment analysis was utilized in the evaluation of equivalency between test and reference formulations with respect to the rate of absorption for four drugs having different pharmacokinetic characteristics."	( Application of moment analysis in assessing rates of absorption for bioequivalency studies. Chen, ML; Jackson, AJ, 1987)	0.27
" The relative oral/intramuscular bioavailability of amitriptyline was only 13%, and the steady-state concentrations of this drug on four consecutive days were acutely subtherapeutic (i."	( Decreased drug absorption in a patient with Behçet's syndrome. Atiyeh, M; Chaleby, K; el-Yazigi, A, 1987)	0.27
" Gastric emptying in the immediate postoperative period was also assessed in each patient by measuring the rate of absorption of orally administered paracetamol."	( Analgesic and gastrointestinal effects of nalbuphine--a comparison with pethidine. Couch, RA; Mark, A; Slattery, PJ, 1986)	0.27
"The absorption rate and the bioavailability of two commercially available paracetamol tablets were investigated in a panel of seven volunteers; one of these tablets contained a combination of 50 mg caffeine and paracetamol."	( Bioavailability of paracetamol after oral administration to healthy volunteers. Influence of caffeine on rate and extent of absorption. Gusdorf, CF; Sitsen, JM; Tukker, JJ, 1986)	0.27
" Bioavailability data for paracetamol derived from the results were similar to those reported by other workers who studied suppositories containing paracetamol as the only active ingredient."	( The relative bioavailability of paracetamol after rectal administration of suppositories containing a mixture of paracetamol, codeine phosphate and buclizine hydrochloride in healthy volunteers. Burgess, HA; Merrington, DM; Oliver, WJ; Rogers, HJ; Thomson, A, 1985)	0.27
" Absorption rate constant (Ka) was not altered in PCM."	( Disposition of acetaminophen in children with protein calorie malnutrition. Mathur, VS; Mehta, S; Nain, CK; Sharma, B; Yadav, D, 1985)	0.62
"The effect of two antacids on the bioavailability of paracetamol has been investigated in 12 young healthy volunteers."	( Effect of two antacids on the bioavailability of paracetamol. Albin, H; Bedjaoui, A; Begaud, B; Demotes-Mainard, F; Vinçon, G, 1985)	0.27
" Other similar absorption interactions probably occur since drugs are poorly absorbed from the stomach and many therapeutic agents influence gastrointestinal motility."	( Pharmacological modification of gastric emptying: effects of propantheline and metoclopromide on paracetamol absorption. Heading, RC; Nimmo, J; Prescott, LF; Tothill, P, 1973)	0.25
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of levonorgestrel in control mice showed some similarity to those observed in human subjects, save the systemic bioavailability which was about 67% in mice compared to 100% in humans."	( Influence of acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis on the pharmacokinetics of levonorgestrel. Gommaa, AA; Osman, FH, 1983)	0.64
" The results confirm that activated charcoal can reduce acetaminophen absorption and show that oral administration of activated charcoal with sodium sulfate does not alter the inhibitory effect of activated charcoal on acetaminophen absorption or the bioavailability of the sulfate."	( Evaluation of activated charcoal-sodium sulfate combination for inhibition of acetaminophen absorption and repletion of inorganic sulfate. Galinsky, RE; Levy, G, 1984)	0.74
" The main pharmacokinetic parameters and the relative bioavailability were calculated."	( [Comparative pharmacokinetics and biologic availability of paracetamol as suppositories]. Degen, J; Maier-Lenz, H, 1984)	0.27
"The absolute bioavailability of paracetamol (Tachipirina) administered in single doses orally and rectally was studied in nine healthy adult volunteers."	( Absolute bioavailability of paracetamol after oral or rectal administration in healthy volunteers. Eandi, M; Ricci Gamalero, S; Viano, I, 1984)	0.27
" No differences in absorption and elimination rate as well as in bioavailability are determined."	( [Comparative studies on the bioavailability of paracetamol from suppositories]. Franzky, HJ; Kölln, CJ; Mengel, W; Müller, BW, 1984)	0.27
" When bioavailability and kinetic parameters for both drugs were compared, there were no significant differences."	( Ibuprofen and acetaminophen kinetics when taken concurrently. Albert, KS; Antal, EJ; Gillespie, WR; Wright, CE, 1983)	0.63
"The absorption and bioavailability of nabumetone, a novel anti-inflammatory drug, were investigated following administration of single oral doses alone, and with food, milk, antacids, and analgesics to healthy volunteers."	( Nabumetone--a novel anti-inflammatory drug: the influence of food, milk, antacids, and analgesics on bioavailability of single oral doses. Buscher, G; Dierdorf, D; Mügge, H; von Schrader, HW; Wolf, D, 1983)	0.27
" The relative bioavailability from the two forms of application was also computed."	( [Bioavailability of codeine and paracetamol in a combination preparation following oral and rectal administration]. Kummer, M; Mehlhaus, N, 1984)	0.27
"The relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of a combination product containing pentazocine and acetaminophen were studied in 20 healthy human males."	( Relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics: a combination of pentazocine and acetaminophen. Benziger, DP; Edelson, J; Fritz, AK; Park, GB; Peterson, JE, 1984)	0.71
" Delayed treatment with ASA also reduced paracetamol-induced liver toxicity, suggesting that reduction of the absorption rate of paracetamol does not contribute essentially to the protection by ASA."	( Protection against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity by acetylsalicylic acid in rats. De Jong, J; De Vries, J; Lock, FM; Mullink, H; Van Bree, L; Veldhuizen, RW, 1984)	0.27
" The net result was that the comparative bioavailability of the drug was higher in PEM as compared to the control."	( Disposition of four drugs in malnourished children. Mathur, VS; Mehta, S; Nain, CK; Sharma, B, 1982)	0.26
" The influence of aluminum hydroxide on gastric emptying could be compromised by gastric absorption of acetaminophen, resulting in a negligible effect on the overall bioavailability of acetaminophen."	( Acetaminophen-aluminum hydroxide interaction in rabbits. Chen, MM; Imamura, Y; Lee, C; Perrin, JH, 1983)	1.92
"1 The rate of absorption of oral paracetamol depends on the rate of gastric emptying and is usually rapid and complete."	( Kinetics and metabolism of paracetamol and phenacetin. Prescott, LF, 1980)	0.26
" Dose-dependent changes in rate and extent of absorption, bioavailability (saturation of first-pass metabolism), distribution (saturation of protein binding sites) and metabolism are discussed."	( Pharmacokinetics of drug overdose. Benowitz, NL; Pond, S; Rosenberg, J, )	0.13
" Following oral administration it is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, its systemic bioavailability being dose-dependent and ranging from 70 to 90%."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of paracetamol. Clements, JA; Forrest, JA; Prescott, LF, )	0.13
" Absolute bioavailability of both oral dosage forms was significantly less then 100 per cent in all groups."	( Age does not alter acetaminophen absorption. Abernethy, DR; Ameer, B; Divoll, M; Greenblatt, DJ, 1982)	0.59
" Although food slowed the rate of absorption of both oral preparations, no significant difference in peak acetaminophen plasma concentration or time of peak concentration was observed as a function of age."	( Effect of food on acetaminophen absorption in young and elderly subjects. Abernethy, DR; Ameer, B; Divoll, M; Greenblatt, DJ, )	0.68
" Application and verification of this method by comparison with another procedure run simultaneously during several human bioavailability studies are described."	( A rapid quantitative determination of acetaminophen in plasma. O'Connell, SE; Zurzola, FJ, 1982)	0.54
" The bioavailability values are also higher when prep."	( [On the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of paracetamol in suppositories for paediatry (author's transl)]. Degen, H; Maier-Lenz, H; Windorfer, A, 1982)	0.26
" Poor bioavailability of local acetaminophen formulations was ruled out as a factor in the dose-concentration discrepancy by comparison with a British formulation ingested by four volunteers."	( Inadequacy of reported intake in assessing the potential hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen overdose. Dany, S; Halkin, H; Shnaps, Y; Tirosh, M, 1980)	0.78
" For AAP used as a marker compound here, the systemic bioavailability after oral dosing to intact beagle dogs at doses of 3, 10, and 20 mg/kg was about 55, 63, and 79%, suggesting that AAP undergoes a non-linear hepatic clearance."	( Relationship between the phasic period of interdigestive migrating contraction and the systemic bioavailability of acetaminophen in dogs. Haga, K; Mizuta, H; Ohshiko, M; Sagara, K; Shibata, M, 1995)	0.5
" The method considers the probability that the bioavailability of the test product is close to the bioavailability of the reference product, against the probability that the bioavailability of the reference product is close to itself when administered on different occasions."	( Assessment of individual and population bioequivalence using the probability that bioavailabilities are similar. Schall, R, 1995)	0.29
"A rapid simple and robust reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for rapid screening in bioavailability studies or comparative bioequivalence studies."	( Rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of vancomycin in human plasma. Luksa, J; Marusic, A, 1995)	0.29
"A study was performed to determine bioavailability of medication delivered via nasogastric tube in patients after abdominal surgery."	( Bioavailability of medication delivered via nasogastric tube is decreased in the immediate postoperative period. Alexander, JB; Atabek, UM; Camishion, RC; Cencora, B; Elfant, AB; Levine, SM; Méndez, L; Peikin, SR; Pello, MJ; Spence, RK, 1995)	0.29
"Decreased bioavailability of medications delivered via nasogastric tube may have important clinical implications and should be taken into consideration during the postoperative period."	( Bioavailability of medication delivered via nasogastric tube is decreased in the immediate postoperative period. Alexander, JB; Atabek, UM; Camishion, RC; Cencora, B; Elfant, AB; Levine, SM; Méndez, L; Peikin, SR; Pello, MJ; Spence, RK, 1995)	0.29
" An absorption rate was also derived from the 60 min sample using only a calibration curve (alpha 1)."	( Relationship between fractional calcium absorption and gastric emptying. Horowitz, M; Jones, KL; Morris, HA; Need, AG; Nordin, BE; Russo, A; Sun, WM; Wishart, JM, 1995)	0.29
" When AUC in tablet was 100%, the relative bioavailability of acetaminophen oral drop was 105."	( [Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability study on acetaminophen oral drop in healthy volunteers]. Hong, Z; Li, L; Li, Z; Qiang, W; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Zou, J, 1994)	0.79
"Relative Bioavailability of Paracetamol as Suppositories Compared to Tablets."	( [Relative bioavailability of paracetamol in suppositories preparations in comparison to tablets]. Ali, SL; Blume, H; Elze, M; Krämer, J; Scholz, ME; Wendt, G, 1994)	0.29
" The absorption rate was related directly to the amount of paracetamol perfused per unit time as well as to the rate of transmucosal water fluxes."	( Paracetamol absorption from different sites in the human small intestine. Gramatté, T; Richter, K, 1994)	0.29
" Chronic doses of ethanol (5% in drinking water for 14 days) caused an increase in bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters, but changes were not as significant as following acute doses."	( Pharmacokinetic studies using microdialysis probes in subcutaneous tissue: effects of the co-administration of ethanol and acetaminophen. Kissinger, PT; Linhares, MC, 1994)	0.5
"In a traditional assessment of the bioequivalence of two formulations of a drug one compares the average bioavailability from the two formulations."	( On population and individual bioequivalence. Luus, HG; Schall, R, 1993)	0.29
" In comparison with a gavage study in the same rat (strain and age), bioavailability was lower in the diet study with relative bioavailabilities of 27, 22 and 61% for paracetamol, antipyrine and phenylbutazone, respectively."	( Assessment of drug exposure in rat dietary studies. Bazot, D; Brillanceau, MH; Jochemsen, R; Lupart, M, 1993)	0.29
" 30, 1891-1896) that this thiazolidine, D-glucose-L-cysteine (DGC), offered no significant protection against the hepatic injury caused by 5 mmol/kg of acetaminophen in mice, suggesting that the cysteine present as DGC is poorly bioavailable in vivo."	( Attenuation of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice as evidence for the bioavailability of the cysteine in D-glucose-L-cysteine in vivo. Benzick, AE; Gomez, MR; Heird, WC; Rogers, LK; Smith, CV, 1994)	0.84
"To investigate the ability of a supranormal dose of N-acetylcysteine to overcome the effects of activated charcoal on N-acetylcysteine bioavailability and to determine the effects of activated charcoal on serum acetaminophen levels."	( Use of activated charcoal in a simulated poisoning with acetaminophen: a new loading dose for N-acetylcysteine? Chamberlain, JM; Gorman, RL; Klein, BL; Klein-Schwartz, W; Oderda, GM, 1993)	0.72
" If N-acetylcysteine is needed because of a toxic serum acetaminophen level, bioavailability can be ensured by increasing the N-acetylcysteine loading dose from 140 mg/kg to 235 mg/kg."	( Use of activated charcoal in a simulated poisoning with acetaminophen: a new loading dose for N-acetylcysteine? Chamberlain, JM; Gorman, RL; Klein, BL; Klein-Schwartz, W; Oderda, GM, 1993)	0.78
"To learn the influence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on bioavailability, this study compared the bioavailability of acetaminophen in the presence of 10% ethanol (acetaminophen-ethanol liquid) to that in the presence of 10% PEG (acetaminophen-PEG liquid) since these two preparations are commonly used in hospital formulary."	( Comparative bioavailability study of acetaminophen solutions used in hospital formulary. Nagai, T; Prakongpan, S; Puncoke, R, 1993)	0.77
" It was a prerequisite to establish the bioavailability of oxazepam prior to succeeding studies on the oral disposition of the drug."	( Factors and conditions affecting the glucuronidation of oxazepam. Sonne, J, 1993)	0.29
" The bioavailability of the prodrug is incomplete and, according to the urinary excretion data, a fraction of the dose reaches the blood stream in the form of metabolites."	( Pharmacokinetic study of 4'-acetamidophenyl-2-(5'-p-toluyl-1'-methylpyrrole)acetate in the rat. Domenéch, J; Obach, R; Sabater, J, 1993)	0.29
" The absolute bioavailability of frusemide during hypoxaemia (0."	( The effect of hypoxaemia on drug disposition in chronic respiratory failure. Hayball, PJ; Henderson, G; Latimer, K; May, F; Rowett, D; Ruffin, RE; Sansom, LN, 1996)	0.29
" These results taken together with hydrolysis and bioavailability data show that ester is a potential candidate as a prodrug of paracetamol."	( Synthesis, physical properties, toxicological studies and bioavailability of L-pyroglutamic and L-glutamic acid esters of paracetamol as potentially useful prodrugs. Bousquet, E; Marrazzo, A; Puglisi, G; Spadaro, A; Tirendi, S, 1996)	0.29
" The apparent AUC for paracetamol in the camel following intramuscular administration was larger than that following intravenous administration, however, when the bioavailability (F) was determined, with correction for altered half-life, within the animal and between study phases it was 71 +/- 17% in goats and 105 +/- 26% in camels."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of paracetamol (acetaminophen) and its sulphate and glucuronide metabolites in desert camels and goats. Ali, BH; Bashir, AK; Cheng, Z; el Hadrami, G; McKellar, QA, 1996)	0.55
"Relative Bioavailability Studies on Paracetamol in Suppositories as Compared to Tablets."	( [The relative bioavailability of paracetamol in suppositories in comparison to tablets]. Ali, SL; Blume, H; Elze, M; Krämer, J; Scholz, ME, 1996)	0.29
"A bioavailability study of two lots of paracetamol tablets was carried out in 5 healthy volunteers, using a crossover aleatory design, and drug monitoring in urine and saliva by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)."	( Bioavailability study of paracetamol tablets in saliva and urine. González, M; Pizzorno, MT; Retaco, P; Volonté, MG, )	0.13
"The purpose of the present study was to examine the time dependence of oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) bioavailability in an experimental model of spinal cord injury (SCI)."	( Oral paracetamol bioavailability in rats subjected to experimental spinal cord injury. Castañeda-Hernández, G; García-López, P; Guízar-Sahagún, G; Madrazo, I; Pérez-Urizar, J, 1997)	0.52
" The absorption rate of paracetamol was significantly impaired in the vegetarians compared with the non-vegetarians as shown by a lower mean Cmax (11."	( Impaired absorption of paracetamol in vegetarians. Makarananda, K; Prescott, LF; Saivises, R; Sriwatanakul, K; Yoovathaworn, K, 1993)	0.29
"In this study, the bioavailability of aspirin and paracetamol was compared in plain and soluble combination formulations in fasting, healthy volunteers."	( Comparative bioavailability of aspirin and paracetamol following single dose administration of soluble and plain tablets. Muir, N; Nichols, JD; Stillings, MR; Sykes, J, 1997)	0.3
" It has been shown that ascortic acid present in Paravit enhances the bioavailability of paracetamol."	( [An experimental study of the pharmacokinetics of a new pediatric drug form--Paravit tablets]. Shapovalova, VA, )	0.13
" This corresponds to decreases in bioavailability of 67, 11, and 21%."	( Efficacy of ipecac during the first hour after drug ingestion in human volunteers. Saincher, A; Sitar, DS; Tenenbein, M, 1997)	0.3
"Concomitant administration of zolmitriptan and paracetamol resulted in a slight increase in bioavailability of zolmitriptan and a reduced rate and extent of paracetamol absorption."	( The novel anti-migraine compound zolmitriptan (Zomig 311C90) has no clinically significant interactions with paracetamol or metoclopramide. Layton, G; Peck, RW; Posner, J; Ridout, G; Seaber, EJ, 1997)	0.3
"To determine if treatment with low-dose aspirin (ASA) influences the bioavailability of orally administered alcohol and to assess whether this is caused by altered gastric emptying as measured by the paracetamol absorption test."	( Low-dose aspirin decreases blood alcohol concentrations by delaying gastric emptying. Carlsson, B; Jones, AW; Jönsson, KA; Kechagias, S; Norlander, B, 1997)	0.3
"To evaluate the effect of a standard meal on bioavailability of bromfenac, and on the relative analgesic efficacy and adverse effect liability of bromfenac 25 mg, naproxen sodium 550 mg, and acetaminophen 325 mg in the treatment of pain after orthopedic surgery."	( The effect of food on bromfenac, naproxen sodium, and acetaminophen in postoperative pain after orthopedic surgery. Bood-Björklund, L; Forbes, JA; Sandberg, RA, )	0.57
" There were statistically significant differences in all bioavailability parameters (t(max), C(max) and AUC) between the three treatments."	( Is one paracetamol suppository of 1000 mg bioequivalent with two suppositories of 500 mg. Halsas, M; Marvola, M; Närvänen, T; Smal, J, )	0.13
"To determine the relative bioavailability and plasma paracetamol concentration profiles following administration of a proprietary formulation of paracetamol suppositories to postoperative children."	( Relative bioavailability and plasma paracetamol profiles of Panadol suppositories in children. Coulthard, KP; Covino, A; Matthews, NT; Murray, RS; Nielson, HW; Schroder, M; Van Der Walt, JH, 1998)	0.3
" The mean relative rectal bioavailability was 78% (95% confidence interval of 55-101%)."	( Relative bioavailability and plasma paracetamol profiles of Panadol suppositories in children. Coulthard, KP; Covino, A; Matthews, NT; Murray, RS; Nielson, HW; Schroder, M; Van Der Walt, JH, 1998)	0.3
"A decrease in the rate of gastric emptying can delay resumption of enteral feeding, alter bioavailability of orally administered drugs, and result in larger residual gastric volumes, increasing the risk of nausea and vomiting."	( Delayed postoperative gastric emptying following intrathecal morphine and intrathecal bupivacaine. Cooke, T; Duggan, F; Lydon, AM; Shorten, GD, 1999)	0.3
" A shorter hospital stay, patient and doctor convenience, and the concerns over the reduction in bioavailability of oral N-acetylcysteine by charcoal and vomiting make intravenous N-acetylcysteine preferable for most patients with acetaminophen poisoning."	( Oral or intravenous N-acetylcysteine: which is the treatment of choice for acetaminophen (paracetamol) poisoning? Buckley, NA; Dawson, AH; O'Connell, DL; Whyte, IM, 1999)	0.72
" However, the rate of absorption of ethanol, as reflected in Cmax and AUC, was greatest after drinking the alcohol on an empty stomach."	( Impact of gastric emptying on the pharmacokinetics of ethanol as influenced by cisapride. Jones, AW; Jönsson, KA; Kechagias, S, 1999)	0.3
" This study was designed to compare the bioavailability of paracetamol of a generic versus original drug."	( Comparative bioavailability of paracetamol. Kaojarern, S; Sirivarasai, J; Sriapa, C; Thareerach, M; Tongpoo, A, 1999)	0.3
" The mean reduction in acetaminophen bioavailability because of gastric lavage was 20%+/-28% (95% confidence interval 3 to 37)."	( Gastric lavage for liquid poisons. Green, R; Grierson, R; Sitar, DS; Tenenbein, M, 2000)	0.62
"In this experimental model for the ingestion of liquids, gastric lavage at 1 hour resulted in a significant decrease in the mean serum bioavailability of acetaminophen."	( Gastric lavage for liquid poisons. Green, R; Grierson, R; Sitar, DS; Tenenbein, M, 2000)	0.5
" The results demonstrated that addition of sodium bicarbonate (630 mg) to paracetamol tablets, increased the rate of absorption of paracetamol relative to conventional paracetamol tablets and soluble paracetamol tablets."	( A five way crossover human volunteer study to compare the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol following oral administration of two commercially available paracetamol tablets and three development tablets containing paracetamol in combination with sodium bicar Boyce, M; Darby-Dowman, A; Grattan, T; Hayward, M; Hickman, R; Warrington, S, 2000)	0.31
"The aim of this study was to compare the rate of absorption between ordinary paracetamol tablets and effervescent paracetamol tablets."	( Absorption of effervescent paracetamol tablets relative to ordinary paracetamol tablets in healthy volunteers. Rygnestad, T; Samdal, FA; Zahlsen, K, 2000)	0.31
"The quantitative structure-bioavailability relationship of 232 structurally diverse drugs was studied to evaluate the feasibility of constructing a predictive model for the human oral bioavailability of prospective new medicinal agents."	( QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability. Topliss, JG; Yoshida, F, 2000)	0.31
"To determine if changes in the in vitro dissolution of hard and soft gelatin acetaminophen capsules, which result from gelatin crosslinking, are predictive of changes in the bioavailability of the capsules in humans."	( The effect of gelatin cross-linking on the bioequivalence of hard and soft gelatin acetaminophen capsules. Bottom, CB; Cole, ET; Hussain, A; Lesko, LL; Mallinowski, H; Meyer, MC; Mhatre, RM; Shah, VP; Straughn, AB; Williams, RL, 2000)	0.76
" The bioavailability of the different formulations and routes of administration vary with age."	( Treatment with paracetamol in infants. Arana, A; Hansen, TG; Morton, NS, 2001)	0.31
"The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioavailability of a drug from rapidly disintegrating tablets prepared using fine spherical crystalline cellulose (PH-M-06) and spherical sugar granules (Nonpareil, NP)."	( Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen from rapidly disintegrating compressed tablet prepared using microcrystalline cellulose (PH-M-06) and spherical sugar granules. Endo, H; Fujii, M; Ishikawa, T; Koizumi, N; Matsumoto, M; Mukai, B; Shirotake, S; Utoguchi, N; Watanabe, Y, 2001)	0.63
" The properties of the products were initially tested via dissolution studies, and then via bioavailability studies in healthy volunteers."	( Correlation of in vitro and in vivo acetaminophen availability from albumin microaggregates oral modified release formulations. Carrascosa, C; Torrado, G; Torrado-Santiago, S, 2001)	0.59
" That spaceflight may alter bioavailability was proposed when drugs prescribed to alleviate space motion sickness (SMS) had little therapeutic effect."	( Pharmacokinetic consequences of spaceflight. Cintrón, NM; Putcha, L, 1991)	0.28
" A solubilized 200 mg liquigel formulation of ibuprofen has been shown to have a more rapid rate of absorption compared with ibuprofen 200 mg tablets."	( Onset of analgesia for liquigel ibuprofen 400 mg, acetaminophen 1000 mg, ketoprofen 25 mg, and placebo in the treatment of postoperative dental pain. Cooper, S; Doyle, G; Jayawardena, S; Marrero, I; Olson, NZ; Otero, AM; Sunshine, A; Tirado, S, 2001)	0.56
"Oral bioavailability is a consequence of intestinal absorption, exsorption, and metabolism and is further modulated by the difference in activities among segmental regions."	( Absorption of benzoic acid in segmental regions of the vascularly perfused rat small intestine preparation. Cong, D; Fong, AK; Lee, R; Pang, KS, 2001)	0.31
" The decrease of bioavailability at 1 hour was 30."	( How long after drug ingestion is activated charcoal still effective? Green, R; Grierson, R; Sitar, DS; Tenenbein, M, 2001)	0.31
" Clinically relevant interactions may be exemplified by the effects of some fluoroquinolone antibiotics, such as pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin, which probably have a steroid-sparing effect in some patients with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome, and an increased bioavailability of several drugs following concomitant intake with freshly pressed grapefruit juice, eventually caused by inhibition of their metabolism, mediated mainly by CYP3A and specifically inhibited by naturally occurring flavonoids."	( Important role of prodromal viral infections responsible for inhibition of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in the pathomechanism of idiopathic Reye's syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, autoimmune hepatitis, and hepatotoxicity of the therapeutic doses of Prandota, J, )	0.13
" Food did not affect the extent of absorption from either formulation, as indicated by AUC, however, food did reduce the rate of absorption from both formulations, as indicated by a longer tmax and a lower Cmax."	( A new rapidly absorbed paracetamol tablet containing sodium bicarbonate. I. A four-way crossover study to compare the concentration-time profile of paracetamol from the new paracetamol/sodium bicarbonate tablet and a conventional paracetamol tablet in fed Ayesh, R; Burnett, I; Darby-Dowman, A; Grattan, TJ; Rostami-Hodjegan, A; Shiran, MR; Tucker, GT, 2002)	0.31
" These changes could be due to increased first-pass metabolism and decreased bioavailability of paracetamol during the ovulatory phase."	( Influence of menstrual cycle on the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol through salivary compartment in healthy subjects. Boinpally, RR; Bolla, SM; Devaraj, R; Gugilla, SR, 2002)	0.31
" Acetaminophen is not absorbed from the stomach but is rapidly absorbed from the small intestine, and the rate of gastric emptying therefore determines the rate of absorption of acetaminophen administered into the stomach."	( Perioperative gastric emptying is not a predictor of early postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Klockhoff, H; Larsson, LG; Lövqvist, A; Näslund, I; Thörn, SE; Wattwil, L; Wattwil, M, 2002)	1.22
" The relative rectal bioavailability is formulation dependent and decreases with age."	( Acetaminophen developmental pharmacokinetics in premature neonates and infants: a pooled population analysis. Anderson, BJ; Hansen, TG; Holford, NH; Lin, YC; van Lingen, RA, 2002)	1.76
"The use of biopolymers in sustained release systems has been studied by many research groups because of the bioavailability and biodegradability of these compounds."	( Physicochemical characterization and enzymatic degradation of casein microcapsules prepared by aqueous coacervation. Freitas, O; Pereira, NL; Santinho, AJ; Ueta, JM, )	0.13
" The dosage forms best masking bitter taste showed good release of the drug, indicating little change in bioavailability by masking."	( Development of oral acetaminophen chewable tablets with inhibited bitter taste. Iwata, M; Machida, Y; Onishi, H; Suzuki, H; Takahashi, Y, 2003)	0.64
"To understand the bioavailability and mechanistic pathways of cytoprotection by IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE, commercially known as ActiVin) a series of in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted."	( Mechanistic pathways of antioxidant cytoprotection by a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Bagchi, D; Bagchi, M; Preuss, HG; Ray, SD; Stohs, SJ, 2002)	0.31
"To investigate the relationship between the dissolution rate and bioavailability of paracetamol tablets."	( Relationship between dissolution rate and bioavailability of paracetamol tablet. Huang, XP; Liu, Q; Wan, XX, 2003)	0.32
" Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was employed to measure urine concentration of paracetamol, and the relative bioavailability was determined in 25 male healthy volunteers, with the relationship between the dissolution rate and bioavailability of paracetamol assessed."	( Relationship between dissolution rate and bioavailability of paracetamol tablet. Huang, XP; Liu, Q; Wan, XX, 2003)	0.32
"83 respectively, with their bioavailability of 86."	( Relationship between dissolution rate and bioavailability of paracetamol tablet. Huang, XP; Liu, Q; Wan, XX, 2003)	0.32
"As there is a good linear relationship between the dissolution rate and bioavailability of paracetamol tablets, the latter parameter can be derived from the measurement of the former."	( Relationship between dissolution rate and bioavailability of paracetamol tablet. Huang, XP; Liu, Q; Wan, XX, 2003)	0.32
" The bioavailability of paracetamol from the gels formed in situ in the stomachs of rabbits following oral administration of the liquid formulations was similar to that of a commercially available suspension containing an identical dose of paracetamol."	( Oral sustained delivery of paracetamol from in situ-gelling gellan and sodium alginate formulations. Attwood, D; Kubo, W; Miyazaki, S, 2003)	0.32
" While the absorption rate (indicated by tmax) of brand C was significantly faster (i."	( Correlation between in vitro and in vivo parameters of commercial paracetamol tablets. Babalola, CP; Femi-Oyewo, MN; Oladimeji, FA, 2001)	0.31
" It could be useful for biopharmaceutical characterisation of drug products (monitoring of the levels of paracetamol in urine in bioavailability testing, for the evaluation of in vitro-in vivo correlation and screening of different formulations during drug product development)."	( Development of the second-order derivative UV spectrophotometric method for direct determination of paracetamol in urine intended for biopharmaceutical characterisation of drug products. Durić, Z; Ibrić, S; Jovanović, M; Karljiković-Rajić, K; Parojcić, J, 2003)	0.32
" To try to improve the bioavailability of these tablets, the effect of their core composition of compression-coated tablet on in vivo pharmacokinetics was investigated."	( A new index, the core erosion ratio, of compression-coated timed-release tablets predicts the bioavailability of acetaminophen. Fukui, M; Hayashi, M; Sako, K; Sawada, T; Yokohama, S, 2003)	0.53
"The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the type of paracetamol formulation on the rate of absorption when subjects are in the supine position, with or without taking concomitant morphine."	( The influence of morphine on the absorption of paracetamol from various formulations in subjects in the supine position, as assessed by TDx measurement of salivary paracetamol concentrations. Davey, AK; Kennedy, JM; Tyers, NM, 2003)	0.32
"It would seem that a combination of faster disintegration and gastric emptying of the new tablets is responsible for the faster rate of absorption of paracetamol from PA compared to P observed in both this study and in previous studies."	( Comparison of the rates of disintegration, gastric emptying, and drug absorption following administration of a new and a conventional paracetamol formulation, using gamma scintigraphy. Grattan, TJ; Jones, T; Kelly, K; Lindsay, B; O'Mahony, B; Rostami-Hodjegan, A; Stevens, HN; Wilson, CG, 2003)	0.32
" Although the bioavailability of paracetamol is not impaired in patients with chronic, benign liver diseases, the agent is contraindicated in those with hepatic insufficiency."	( [Pharmacologic basis for using paracetamol: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic issues]. Bannwarth, B; Péhourcq, F, 2003)	0.32
" We also showed that (i) paracetamol absorption was faster when it was administered as a free powder than in sustained-release tablet form, (ii) a slow passage time resulted in a delay in the absorption of paracetamol, and (iii) there was a lower rate of absorption when paracetamol was ingested with a standard breakfast as opposed to water."	( A dynamic artificial gastrointestinal system for studying the behavior of orally administered drug dosage forms under various physiological conditions. Alric, M; Beyssac, E; Blanquet, S; Denis, S; Havenaar, R; Meunier, JP; Zeijdner, E, 2004)	0.32
" The primary aim of this pilot project was to study the early bioavailability for two fixed doses of orally administrated paracetamol and one dose of intravenous propacetamol, all of which were given after minor surgery."	( Early bioavailability of paracetamol after oral or intravenous administration. Holmér Pettersson, P; Jakobsson, J; Owall, A, 2004)	0.32
" Species differences were observed in the systemic clearance of theophylline (approximately 5-fold higher in CHPs), a low clearance compound, and the bioavailability of propranolol and verapamil (lower in CHPs), both high clearance compounds."	( The chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) as a pharmacokinetic model for selection of drug candidates: model characterization and application. Bai, SA; Christ, DD; Diamond, S; Grace, JE; Grossman, SJ; He, K; Qian, M; Wong, H; Wright, MR; Yeleswaram, K, 2004)	0.32
"A three-limbed randomized crossover study in 10 healthy volunteers was completed to determine the ability of a 50 g dose of activated charcoal to reduce the bioavailability of a simulated overdose of acetaminophen (12 x 325 mg tablets) in the presence and absence of a concurrently present anticholinergic drug, atropine (0."	( Effect of anticholinergic drugs on the efficacy of activated charcoal. Green, R; Sitar, DS; Tenenbein, M, 2004)	0.51
" time curve, a single dose of activated charcoal 1 h after drug ingestion reduced acetaminophen bioavailability by 20% (95% CI 4-36%) and by 47% (95% CI 35-59%) in the presence of atropine (P<0."	( Effect of anticholinergic drugs on the efficacy of activated charcoal. Green, R; Sitar, DS; Tenenbein, M, 2004)	0.55
" When a levodopa or droxidopa preparation, judged as grade 3 in screening, was concomitantly administered with an iron preparation, a significant reduction in bioavailability of the test drug was observed, indicating possible drug interaction between the test drug and oral iron."	( [Simple method for precognition of drug interaction between oral iron and phenolic hydroxyl group-containing drugs]. Kamimura, N; Murayama, N; Sunagane, N; Terawaki, Y; Uruno, T; Yoshinobu, E, 2005)	0.33
" Time-concentration profiles (503 observations) from a further 86 children (PCA: 37 weeks-14 years) given paracetamol elixir orally were included in the analysis to assess relative bioavailability of intravenous propacetamol."	( Pediatric intravenous paracetamol (propacetamol) pharmacokinetics: a population analysis. Allegaert, K; Anderson, BJ; Autret-Leca, E; Boccard, E; Pons, G, 2005)	0.33
"Evaluation of the double-peak phenomenon during absorption of the beta(1)-selective blocker talinolol relative to paracetamol, which is well absorbed from all parts of the gut, and relative to vitamin A, which is absorbed via the lymphatic pathway."	( The talinolol double-peak phenomenon is likely caused by presystemic processing after uptake from gut lumen. Bernsdorf, A; Giessmann, T; Hartmann, V; Modess, C; Mrazek, C; Nagel, S; Siegmund, W; Wegner, D; Weitschies, W; Zschiesche, M, 2005)	0.33
"Bioavailability of talinolol in enteric-coated and rectal capsules was significantly reduced by about 50% and 80%, respectively, despite unchanged bioavailability of paracetamol."	( The talinolol double-peak phenomenon is likely caused by presystemic processing after uptake from gut lumen. Bernsdorf, A; Giessmann, T; Hartmann, V; Modess, C; Mrazek, C; Nagel, S; Siegmund, W; Wegner, D; Weitschies, W; Zschiesche, M, 2005)	0.33
" Therefore, even though the sustainability of release may be compromised by aging the gelucire matrices, the bioavailability of the incorporated drug is unlikely to be affected."	( Significance of lipid matrix aging on in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability. Choy, YW; Khan, N; Yuen, KH, 2005)	0.33
" A mean bioavailability of 78% was estimated; the total clearance averaged 41 L/h."	( Inter- and intraindividual variabilities in pharmacokinetics of fentanyl after repeated 72-hour transdermal applications in cancer pain patients. Bressolle, F; Caumette, L; Culine, S; Garcia, F; Pinguet, F; Poujol, S; Solassol, I, 2005)	0.33
" However, it should be noted that there is a difference in the bioavailability between the 2 formulations of up to 30%, which may explain the findings."	( The analgesic efficacy of intravenous versus oral tramadol for preventing postoperative pain after third molar surgery. Lirk, P; Ong, CK; Sow, BW; Tan, JM, 2005)	0.33
" No significant in vivo bioavailability differences were observed in healthy human volunteers."	( Formulation, release characteristics and bioavailability of novel monolithic hydroxypropylmethylcellulose matrix tablets containing acetaminophen. Cao, QR; Choi, YW; Cui, JH; Lee, BJ, 2005)	0.53
" The second purpose was to establish a level A in vitro/in vivo correlation that could predict the bioavailability of a drug instead of using difficult, time-consuming and expensive in vivo bioequivalence studies."	( A level A in vitro/in vivo correlation in fasted and fed states using different methods: applied to solid immediate release oral dosage form. Beyssac, E; Blanquet, S; Cardot, JM; Souliman, S, 2006)	0.33
" However, some studies show differences in rate of absorption between brands and formulations."	( Biowaiver monographs for immediate release solid oral dosage forms: acetaminophen (paracetamol). Amidon, GL; Barends, DM; Dressman, JB; Junginger, HE; Kalantzi, L; Midha, KK; Reppas, C; Shah, VP; Stavchansky, SA, 2006)	0.57
" The bioavailabilities of these drugs were not significantly different when released from gels formed at the two pH limits suggesting that normal variations of gastric acidity in the fasting state will have no effect on the bioavailability of these drugs when delivered using this vehicle."	( The influence of variation of gastric pH on the gelation and release characteristics of in situ gelling pectin formulations. Attwood, D; Dairaku, M; Fujiwara, M; Hirayama, T; Itoh, K; Kubo, W; Mikami, R; Miyazaki, S; Togashi, M, 2006)	0.33
" The objective of this pharmacokinetic study was to compare the rate of absorption of PS versus P at a 500 mg dose."	( A pharmacokinetic study investigating the rate of absorption of a 500 mg dose of a rapidly absorbed paracetamol tablet and a standard paracetamol tablet. Burnett, I; Grattan, TJ; Ibáñez, Y; Luján, M; Martin, AJ; Rodríguez, JM, 2006)	0.33
" The current investigation explores an alternative model to describe the absorption rate based on the convection-dispersion equation describing the transport of chemicals through the GI tract."	( Application of the convection-dispersion equation to modelling oral drug absorption. Danhof, M; DeJongh, J; Freijer, JI; Ploeger, BA; Post, TM, 2007)	0.34
"A postoperative decrease in the gastric emptying (GE) rate may delay the early start of oral feeding and alter the bioavailability of orally administered drugs."	( The effect of anesthetic technique on early postoperative gastric emptying: comparison of propofol-remifentanil and opioid-free sevoflurane anesthesia. Lövqvist, A; Thörn, SE; Walldén, J; Wattwil, L; Wattwil, M, 2006)	0.33
" However, pellets with higher coating level and correspondingly longer lag time showed decreased bioavailability of acetaminophen."	( In vitro and in vivo performance of a multiparticulate pulsatile drug delivery system. Dashevsky, A; Mohamad, A, 2007)	0.55
"Pharmacokinetic drug interactions may result in a decrease or increase in the oral bioavailability of some drugs."	( Effects of paracetamol on the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in plasma using a microbiological assay. El-Abadla, NS; El-Naby, MK; Issa, MM; Kheiralla, ZA; Nejem, RM; Roshdy, AA, 2007)	0.34
" While comparing the results to those previously obtained from the bioavailability studies it could be concluded that it is possible to develop colon specific drug products that begin releasing the drug in the ileo-caecal junction or at the beginning of the ascending colon and spread the drug dose to a larger surface area by using enteric coats and hydrophilic polymers."	( Neutron activation based gamma scintigraphic evaluation of enteric-coated capsules for local treatment in colon. Ahonen, A; Kanerva, H; Lindevall, K; Marvola, J; Marvola, M; Marvola, T, 2008)	0.35
" Human oral bioavailability is an important pharmacokinetic property, which is directly related to the amount of drug available in the systemic circulation to exert pharmacological and therapeutic effects."	( Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability. Andricopulo, AD; Moda, TL; Montanari, CA, 2007)	0.34
"the aim of this relative bioavailability study was to determine the rate and extent of absorption of Alikal Dolor (effervescent powder containing paracetamol 500 mg/sodium bicarbonate 2318 mg)--test formulation (T) in relation to Parageniol (paracetamol 500 mg coated tablets)--reference formulation (R)."	( Relative bioavailability of new formulation of paracetamol effervescent powder containing sodium bicarbonate versus paracetamol tablets: a comparative pharmacokinetic study in fed subjects. de los Santos, MC; Di Girolamo, G; Gonzalez, CD; Keller, G; Lopez, MI; Massa, JM; Opezzo, JA; Schere, D, 2007)	0.34
" Etoricoxib is partly metabolised by the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP 3A4 and increases the bioavailability of ethinylestradiol."	( Etoricoxib: new drug. Avoid using cox-2 inhibitors for pain. , 2007)	0.34
"The aim of this work was to assess paracetamol bioavailability after administering 1 g in oral solution."	( Study of paracetamol 1-g oral solution bioavailability. Abanades, S; Alvarez, Y; Baena, A; Farre, M; Menoyo, E; Roset, PN; Rovira, M, )	0.13
" The ability of IT as well as oral acetaminophen to reverse this spinally initiated hyperalgesia emphasizes the likely central action and bioavailability of the systemically delivered drug."	( Acetaminophen prevents hyperalgesia in central pain cascade. Crawley, B; Fitzsimmons, B; Hua, XY; Malkmus, S; Saito, O; Yaksh, TL, 2008)	2.07
" Therefore, even if traces of opioids are absorbed into the mother's milk, the doses will be very small and the infant's oral bioavailability at this time is likely to be low."	( [Do women with Caesarean section have to choose between pain relief and breastfeeding?]. Breivik, H; Hestenes, S; Høymork, SC; Løland, BF; Nylander, G; Rosseland, LA, 2008)	0.35
"Grapefruit juice increases bioavailability of a number of drugs because of inhibition of the P-glycoprotein pump and inhibition of intestinal cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme."	( Interaction of white and pink grapefruit juice with acetaminophen (paracetamol) in vivo in mice. Actor, JK; Dasgupta, A; Reyes, MA; Risin, SA, 2008)	0.6
" The bioavailability study was carried out in healthy volunteers in a crossover sequence using saliva drug levels as a parameter."	( Paracetamol bioavailability study by means of salivary samples. Issa, MM; Nejem, RM; Shaat, NT, 2007)	0.34
"The results of this study show that the nasogastric route of administration does not appear to cause marked, clinically unsuitable alterations in the bioavailability of the tested drugs."	( The bioavailability of bromazepam, omeprazole and paracetamol given by nasogastric feeding tube. Berger-Gryllaki, M; Buclin, T; Pannatier, A; Podilsky, G; Roulet, M; Testa, B, 2009)	0.35
"The aim of these 2 studies was to compare the bioavailability and to determine the bioequivalence of 2 test formulations (an oral-tablet formulation containing the combination of naproxen sodium/paracetamol 275/300 mg and an oral-suspension formulation containing the combination of naproxen sodium/paracetamol 375/300 mg per 15 mL) with their corresponding listed reference-drug formulations in Mexico (a list issued by Mexican health authorities)."	( Bioavailability of two oral-tablet and two oral-suspension formulations of naproxen sodium/paracetamol (acetaminophen): single-dose, randomized, open-label, two-period crossover comparisons in healthy Mexican adult subjects. Burke-Fraga, V; Cariño, L; González-de la Parra, M; López-Bojórquez, E; Namur, S; Novoa-Heckel, G; Oliva, I; Palma-Aguirre, JA; Villalpando-Hernández, J, 2009)	0.57
"Cocoa drinks containing flavan-3-ols are associated with many health benefits, and conflicting evidence exists as to whether milk adversely affects the bioavailability of flavan-3-ols."	( Milk decreases urinary excretion but not plasma pharmacokinetics of cocoa flavan-3-ol metabolites in humans. Borges, G; Crozier, A; Donovan, JL; Edwards, CA; Lean, ME; Mullen, W; Serafini, M, 2009)	0.35
"The objective was to determine the effect of milk on the bioavailability of cocoa flavan-3-ol metabolites."	( Milk decreases urinary excretion but not plasma pharmacokinetics of cocoa flavan-3-ol metabolites in humans. Borges, G; Crozier, A; Donovan, JL; Edwards, CA; Lean, ME; Mullen, W; Serafini, M, 2009)	0.35
" Studies that showed protective effects of cocoa and those that showed no effect of milk on bioavailability used products that have a much higher flavan-3-ol content than does the commercial cocoa used in the present study."	( Milk decreases urinary excretion but not plasma pharmacokinetics of cocoa flavan-3-ol metabolites in humans. Borges, G; Crozier, A; Donovan, JL; Edwards, CA; Lean, ME; Mullen, W; Serafini, M, 2009)	0.35
"The dietary bioavailability of the isoflavone genistein is decreased in older rats compared to young adults."	( The kinetic basis for age-associated changes in quercetin and genistein glucuronidation by rat liver microsomes. Blumberg, JB; Bolling, BW; Chen, CY; Court, MH, 2010)	0.36
"Currently, herbal preparations are clinically used as functional food, food supplements or as add on therapy, which affects the bioavailability and also the net therapeutic potential of co-administered allopathic drugs."	( Pharmacokinetic-interaction of Vitex negundo Linn. & paracetamol. Mishra, B; Nagwani, S; Tiwari, OP; Tripathi, YB, 2009)	0.35
" Further, compared to control, the relative bioavailability of paracetamol, in presence of VN extract, decreased significantly."	( Pharmacokinetic-interaction of Vitex negundo Linn. & paracetamol. Mishra, B; Nagwani, S; Tiwari, OP; Tripathi, YB, 2009)	0.35
"Oral bioavailability (F) is a product of fraction absorbed (Fa), fraction escaping gut-wall elimination (Fg), and fraction escaping hepatic elimination (Fh)."	( Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination. Chang, G; El-Kattan, A; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Rotter, C; Steyn, SJ; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV, 2010)	0.36
" The absolute bioavailability was 42."	( Species comparison of oral bioavailability, first-pass metabolism and pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen. Croubels, S; Daminet, S; De Backer, P; De Boever, S; Gommeren, K; Neirinckx, E; Remon, JP; Vervaet, C, 2010)	0.58
" Toxicity, pharmacokinetics and clinical bioavailability of resveratrol are also reviewed in this article."	( Resveratrol and liver disease: from bench to bedside and community. Bishayee, A; Darvesh, AS; McGory, R; Politis, T, 2010)	0.36
" To show the importance of physicochemical properties, the classic QSAR and CoMFA of neonicotinoids and prediction of bioavailability of pesticides in terms of membrane permeability in comparison with drugs are described."	( Importance of physicochemical properties for the design of new pesticides. Akamatsu, M, 2011)	0.37
" We propose that through its critical role in testosterone metabolism, CYP2A5 regulates 1) the bioavailability of APAP and APAP-GSH (presumably through modulation of the rates of xenobiotic excretion from the LNG) and 2) the expression of ABP, which can quench reactive APAP metabolites and thereby spare critical cellular proteins from inactivation."	( A novel defensive mechanism against acetaminophen toxicity in the mouse lateral nasal gland: role of CYP2A5-mediated regulation of testosterone homeostasis and salivary androgen-binding protein expression. Ding, X; Gu, J; Karn, RC; Kluetzman, K; Laukaitis, CM; Roberts, DW; Wei, Y; Xie, F; Zhang, QY; Zhou, X, 2011)	0.64
" A positive impact on the bioavailability of acetaminophen in coated capsules was attested."	( Duodenum-specific drug delivery: in vivo assessment of a pharmaceutically developed enteric-coated capsule for a broad applicability in rat studies. Bietiger, W; Guhmann, P; Jeandidier, N; Pinget, M; Reix, N; Sigrist, S, 2012)	0.64
" CSF bioavailability over 6 hours (AUC(0-6)) for IV, PO, and PR 1 g was 24."	( Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetic parameters after single-dose administration of intravenous, oral, or rectal acetaminophen. Ang, R; Beja, EG; Bushnell, R; Hutchinson, J; Parulan, C; Royal, MA; Samson, R; Singla, NK, 2012)	0.59
" Additional important factors that may affect drugs' bioavailability and toxicity are gestational age, birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, gender and, especially, liver function immaturity."	( Hepatic injury to the newborn liver due to drugs. Ambu, R; Faa, G; Nemolato, S; Van Eyken, P, 2012)	0.38
" ACET concentrations were measured by using a validated HPLC method, and PK behavior and bioavailability were compared for the 2 preparations."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of acetaminophen elixir versus suppositories in vaccinated infants (aged 3 to 36 months): a single-dose, open-label, randomized, parallel-group design. Casavant, MJ; Edge, J; Halvorsen, M; Kelley, MT; Walson, PD, 2013)	0.68
" Paracetamol (acetaminophen in North America) has better bioavailability when given intravenously than orally and has been successfully used in the postoperative care of orthopedic patients."	( Can intravenous paracetamol reduce opioid use in preoperative hip fracture patients? Mackenney, P; Page, J; Tsang, KS, 2013)	0.75
"No difference was observed between neostigmine and placebo for time to reach peak plasma acetaminophen concentration and absorption rate constant."	( In vivo and in vitro effects of neostigmine on gastrointestinal tract motility of horses. Harmon, FA; Morales, B; Nieto, JE; Snyder, JR; Stanley, SD; Yamout, SZ, 2013)	0.61
"There is a need for information on the bioavailability in pediatric patients of drugs from manipulated dosage forms when applied in combination with food and/or co-medication under realistic daily practice circumstances."	( In vitro gastrointestinal model (TIM) with predictive power, even for infants and children? Anneveld, B; de Koning, BA; de Wildt, SN; Hanff, LM; Havenaar, R; Lelieveld, JP; Minekus, M; Mooij, MG, 2013)	0.39
" APAP may lead to a changed bioavailability of a subsequently administered drug or diet in the body."	( Acetaminophen changes intestinal epithelial cell membrane properties, subsequently affecting absorption processes. Höglinger, O; Lornejad-Schäfer, MR; Schäfer, C; Schröder, KR; Tollabimazraehno, S, 2013)	1.83
" In conclusion, this study suggests that the increase of the bioavailability of propranolol in ESRD is partly induced by the inhibition of the hepatic metabolism of CYP1A2 by xanthine in the uremic serum."	( Possibility of decrease in CYP1A2 function in patients with end-stage renal disease. Furukubo, T; Izumi, S; Minegaki, T; Nagatomo, M; Nishiguchi, K; Sugimoto, S; Tsujimoto, M; Yamakawa, T, 2014)	0.4
" Previous studies showed that acetaminophen might affect bioavailability of ethanol by inhibiting gastric alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)."	( Inhibition of human alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases by acetaminophen: Assessment of the effects on first-pass metabolism of ethanol. Cheng, YW; Lee, SL; Lee, YP; Liao, JT; Liu, JK; Wu, TL; Yin, SJ, 2013)	0.92
"26 L kg(-1) and increased the rate of absorption with shorter absorption half-life (t(1/2ka)) for phenacetin in inflammation."	( Turpentine oil induced inflammation decreases absorption and increases distribution of phenacetin without altering its elimination process in rats. Anand Kumar, P; Prasad, VG; Rao, GS; Ravi Kumar, P; Vivek, Ch, 2015)	0.42
"The primary objective of this study was to compare the bioavailability of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride and guaifenesin in a new oral syrup with an established oral reference product."	( Bioavailability of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride and guaifenesin in a fixed-combination syrup versus an oral reference product. Janin, A; Monnet, J, 2014)	0.4
"h/ml along with relative bioavailability =91."	( Report: pharmacokinetic and drug interaction studies of pefloxacin with paracetamol (NNAID) in healthy volunteers in Pakistan. Ali, SA; Gauhar, S; Naqvi, SB; Shoaib, MH, 2014)	0.4
"EMBASE and Medline were searched to obtain values for volume of distribution, absorption, and elimination constants and bioavailability for acetaminophen."	( Four-hour acetaminophen concentration estimation after ingested dose based on pharmacokinetic models. Gosselin, S; Villeneuve, E; Whyte, I, 2014)	1.01
"Paracetamol and ibuprofen acutely hinder pleural fluid recycling by lowering the fluid absorption rate (higher remaining hydrothorax volume), while they increased total white cell counts."	( Paracetamol and ibuprofen block hydrothorax absorption in mice. Gourgoulianis, KI; Kalomenidis, I; Kouritas, VK; Magkouta, S; Psallidas, I; Zisis, C, 2015)	0.42
"In view of the changes in the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol and tramadol in the patients after gastric resection for both formulations compared the conventional tablet seems to be more appropriate due to the comparable rate of absorption of both substances, higher concentrations of tramadol and comparable exposure to paracetamol."	( The pharmacokinetics of the effervescent vs. conventional tramadol/paracetamol fixed-dose combination tablet in patients after total gastric resection. Burchardt, P; Cieśla, S; Grabowski, T; Grześkowiak, E; Karbownik, A; Kokot, ZJ; Murawa, D; Murawa, P; Połom, K; Szałek, E; Urbaniak, B; Więckiewicz, A; Wolc, A, 2014)	0.4
" The aim of the present study was to develop lecithin-based carrier system of silymarin by incorporating phytosomal-liposomal approach to increase its oral bioavailability and to make it target-specific to the liver for enhanced hepatoprotection."	( Silymarin liposomes improves oral bioavailability of silybin besides targeting hepatocytes, and immune cells. Deshpande, P; Jain, P; Kumar, N; Kutty, NG; Mathew, G; Rai, A; Raj, PV; Rao, CM; Reddy, ND; Udupa, N, 2014)	0.4
" The liposomal formulation yielded a three and half fold higher bioavailability of silymarin as compared with silymarin suspension."	( Silymarin liposomes improves oral bioavailability of silybin besides targeting hepatocytes, and immune cells. Deshpande, P; Jain, P; Kumar, N; Kutty, NG; Mathew, G; Rai, A; Raj, PV; Rao, CM; Reddy, ND; Udupa, N, 2014)	0.4
"Incorporating the phytosomal form of silymarin in liposomal carrier system increased the oral bioavailability and showed better hepatoprotection and better anti-inflammatory effects compared with silymarin suspension."	( Silymarin liposomes improves oral bioavailability of silybin besides targeting hepatocytes, and immune cells. Deshpande, P; Jain, P; Kumar, N; Kutty, NG; Mathew, G; Rai, A; Raj, PV; Rao, CM; Reddy, ND; Udupa, N, 2014)	0.4
" Therefore, we studied the protective effects of N-acetylcysteineamide (NACA), a novel antioxidant, with higher bioavailability and compared it with NAC in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in a human-relevant in vitro system, HepaRG."	( Comparative evaluation of N-acetylcysteine and N-acetylcysteineamide in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in human hepatoma HepaRG cells. Ercal, N; Fan, W; Khayyat, A; Tobwala, S, 2015)	0.65
" Hence, without dietary sulphur amino acid increase, peripheral bioavailability of Cys and muscle GSH are potential players in the control of muscle mass under chronic treatment with APAP, an analgesic medication of widespread use, especially in the elderly."	( Skeletal muscle wasting occurs in adult rats under chronic treatment with paracetamol when glutathione-dependent detoxification is highly activated. Dardevet, D; Joly, C; Mast, C; Papet, I; Remond, D; Savary-Auzeloux, I, 2014)	0.4
"Paracetamol has an extensive first-pass metabolism that highly affects its bioavailability (BA); thus, dose may be repeated several times a day in order to have longer efficacy."	( Glucosamine enhances paracetamol bioavailability by reducing its metabolism. Al-Jbour, N; Badwan, AA; Ghattas, MA; Matalka, KZ; Qinna, NA; Shubbar, MH, 2015)	0.42
"The relative bioavailability of phenylephrine was increased when co-administered with acetaminophen."	( Increased bioavailability of phenylephrine by co-administration of acetaminophen: results of four open-label, crossover pharmacokinetic trials in healthy volunteers. Anderson, BJ; Atkinson, HC; Potts, AL; Salem, II; Stanescu, I, 2015)	0.88
" This research aimed to evaluate bioavailability and compare pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of the new SR paracetamol formulation (2x1,000 mg) with those of immediate-release (IR) paracetamol (2x500 mg) and existing extended-release (ER) paracetamol (2x665 mg)."	( Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile of a newly-developed twice-a-day sustained-release paracetamol formulation. Collaku, A; Liu, DJ; Youngberg, SP, 2015)	0.42
"The estimates of relative bioavailability of new SR with IR formulation based on dose-adjusted AUC0-inf were 91% (0."	( Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile of a newly-developed twice-a-day sustained-release paracetamol formulation. Collaku, A; Liu, DJ; Youngberg, SP, 2015)	0.42
"The new SR formulation was well absorbed, with more than 90% relative bioavailability as compared to the currently marketed IR and ER products and better sustained-release PK characteristics, which make it suitable for twice-daily paracetamol treatment."	( Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile of a newly-developed twice-a-day sustained-release paracetamol formulation. Collaku, A; Liu, DJ; Youngberg, SP, 2015)	0.42
" Increase in the bioavailability of both diclofenac and carbamazepine following multiple GFJ ingestion was revealed."	( Evidence of reduced oral bioavailability of paracetamol in rats following multiple ingestion of grapefruit juice. Alhussainy, TM; Arafat, TA; Idkaidek, NM; Ismail, OA; Qinna, NA, 2016)	0.43
"An early prediction of solubility in physiological media (PBS, SGF and SIF) is useful to predict qualitatively bioavailability and absorption of lead candidates."	( Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery. Bharate, SS; Vishwakarma, RA, 2015)	0.42
"Although amorphous solid drug formulations may be advantageous for enhancing the bioavailability of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients, they exhibit poor physical stability and undergo recrystallization."	( Enhanced Physical Stability of Amorphous Drug Formulations via Dry Polymer Coating. Capece, M; Davé, R, 2015)	0.42
" Since acetaminophen was stable in rumen juice for 24 hr, the extremely low bioavailability (16%) was attributed to its hepatic extensive first-pass effect."	( Oral pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen to evaluate gastric emptying profiles of Shiba goats. Aboubakr, M; Elbadawy, M; Khalil, WF; Miyazaki, Y; Sasaki, K; Shimoda, M, 2015)	1.18
"Increased bioavailability of phenylephrine is reported when combined with paracetamol in over-the-counter formulations for the symptomatic treatment of the common cold and influenza."	( Potential cardiovascular adverse events when phenylephrine is combined with paracetamol: simulation and narrative review. Anderson, BJ; Atkinson, HC; Potts, AL, 2015)	0.42
" The influence of excipients on solubility and, hence, oral bioavailability was confirmed for ibuprofen, a second BCS class II compound."	( Evaluation of changes in oral drug absorption in preterm and term neonates for Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class I and II compounds. Coboeken, K; Ince, I; Meyer, M; Schmidt, S; Schnizler, K; Somani, AA; Thelen, K; Trame, MN; Willmann, S; Zheng, S, 2016)	0.43
" Under fed conditions, the absorption rate constant of OC and APAP decreased significantly, although there was no effect on CL/F and V/F."	( Pooled post hoc analysis of population pharmacokinetics of oxycodone and acetaminophen following a single oral dose of biphasic immediate-release/extended-release oxycodone/acetaminophen tablets. Devarakonda, K; Franke, RM; Morton, T, 2015)	0.65
" The study also assessed the relative bioavailability of the same doses of the active ingredients when they were administered as an oral formulation."	( Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol after Intravenous and Oral Administration. Atkinson, HC; Beasley, CP; Frampton, C; Robson, R; Salem, II; Stanescu, I, 2015)	0.42
" The relative bioavailability of paracetamol (93."	( Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol after Intravenous and Oral Administration. Atkinson, HC; Beasley, CP; Frampton, C; Robson, R; Salem, II; Stanescu, I, 2015)	0.42
"Amphotericin B (AmB) is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract."	( Effect of Food Status on the Gastrointestinal Transit of Amphotericin B-Containing Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Rats. Amekyeh, H; Billa, N; Lim, SC; Yuen, KH, 2016)	0.43
" The bioavailability of orally applied caffeine was also significantly decreased (p = 0."	( Pharmacokinetic Herb-Drug Interaction between Essential Oil of Aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L., Apiaceae) and Acetaminophen and Caffeine: A Potential Risk for Clinical Practice. Božin, B; Mijatović, V; Petković, S; Samojlik, I; Stilinović, N; Vukmirović, S, 2016)	0.65
" Only pCGS is given as a highly bioavailable once daily dose (1500 mg) with a proven pharmacological effect."	( A review of glucosamine for knee osteoarthritis: why patented crystalline glucosamine sulfate should be differentiated from other glucosamines to maximize clinical outcomes. Bruyère, O; Cooper, C; Kovalenko, V; Kucharz, EJ; Reginster, JY; Szántó, S, 2016)	0.43
" The relative bioavailability of oral syrup was 84."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of intramuscular versus oral syrup paracetamol in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Chierakul, W; Chotivanich, K; Dondorp, AM; Newton, PN; Plewes, K; Ruengweerayut, R; Silamut, K; Tarning, J; Teerapong, P; Wattanakul, T; White, NJ, 2016)	0.43
" Relative oral bioavailability compared to intramuscular dosing was estimated as 84."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of intramuscular versus oral syrup paracetamol in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Chierakul, W; Chotivanich, K; Dondorp, AM; Newton, PN; Plewes, K; Ruengweerayut, R; Silamut, K; Tarning, J; Teerapong, P; Wattanakul, T; White, NJ, 2016)	0.43
"The preparation of amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulations is a promising strategy to improve the bioavailability of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)."	( Long-Term Physical Stability of PVP- and PVPVA-Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Degenhardt, M; Heinzerling, O; Kyeremateng, SO; Lehmkemper, K; Sadowski, G, 2017)	0.46
"Ψ-Glutathione (ψ-GSH) is an orally bioavailable and metabolism-resistant glutathione analogue that has been shown previously to substitute glutathione in most of its biochemical roles."	( Hepatoprotective Effect of ψ-Glutathione in a Murine Model of Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Toxicity. More, SS; Nugent, J; Nye, SM; Vartak, AP; Vince, R, 2017)	0.7
" The two studied bariatric surgical techniques normalize paracetamol oral bioavailability without impairing the liver function (measured by cytochrome P450 1A2 activity)."	( Pharmacokinetics in Morbid Obesity: Influence of Two Bariatric Surgery Techniques on Paracetamol and Caffeine Metabolism. Boix, DB; Civit, E; de la Torre, R; Farré, M; Goday Arno, A; Grande, L; Langohr, K; Le Roux, JAF; Lí Carbó, M; Nino, OC; Papaseit, E; Pera, M; Pérez-Mañá, C; Ramon, JM; Rodríguez-Morató, J, 2017)	0.46
" The relative bioavailability of eriodictyol was increased to 216."	( Eriodictyol, Not Its Glucuronide Metabolites, Attenuates Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Chen, M; Hu, Y; Lan, Y; Liu, Z; Wang, Z; Wen, C; Ye, L, 2017)	0.7
"The oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can be improved by the preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) where the API is dissolved in polymeric excipients."	( Influence of Low-Molecular-Weight Excipients on the Phase Behavior of PVPVA64 Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Degenhardt, M; Kyeremateng, SO; Lehmkemper, K; Sadowski, G, 2018)	0.48
" Moreover, in vivo performance of IR ADF technologies was investigated in an open-label, randomized, cross-over, phase 1, relative oral bioavailability study with another opioid (model compound)."	( Application of hot-melt extrusion technology in immediate-release abuse-deterrent formulations. Galia, E; Schwier, S; Stahlberg, HJ; Wening, K, )	0.13
"Single-center bioavailability trial."	( Application of hot-melt extrusion technology in immediate-release abuse-deterrent formulations. Galia, E; Schwier, S; Stahlberg, HJ; Wening, K, )	0.13
" The premise that acetaminophen increases phenylephrine bioavailability by competition for presystemic sulfation was corroborated by increased phenylephrine sulfate in urine."	( An open-label, randomized, four-treatment crossover study evaluating the effects of salt form, acetaminophen, and food on the pharmacokinetics of phenylephrine. Gelotte, CK, 2018)	1.03
" Intravenous acetaminophen, with its increased bioavailability and more rapid onset of action, may have benefit in the intrapartum setting by reducing adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes associated with febrile morbidity."	( Intravenous acetaminophen for the treatment of intrapartum fever and resolution of fetal tachycardia: a novel use for an old medication. Burgess, APH; Lakhi, N; Moretti, M; Ope-Adenuga, S; Reilly, JG, 2017)	1.2
"High inter-individual variability in the production of reactive paracetamol metabolites exists, and factors leading to increased bioavailability of reactive paracetamol metabolites are being uncovered."	( The potential role of pharmacogenomics and biotransformation in hypersensitivity reactions to paracetamol. Agúndez, JAG; García-Martin, E; Gómez-Tabales, J; Ruano, F, 2018)	0.48
" An increase of 106% in absorption rate was observed between 3 and 4 dpf, but no further increase at 5 dpf, and an increase of 17."	( Impact of post-hatching maturation on the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in zebrafish larvae. Hankemeier, T; Harms, AC; Kantae, V; Krekels, EHJ; Spaink, HP; van der Graaf, PH; van Wijk, RC, 2019)	0.51
" Finally, in vivo studies in rats showed a higher bioavailability compared to conventional dosage forms and confirm the potential of biodegradable microcontainers for oral drug delivery."	( Biodegradable microcontainers - towards real life applications of microfabricated systems for oral drug delivery. Abid, Z; Boisen, A; Gundlach, C; Javed, MM; Keller, SS; Mazzoni, C; Müllertz, A; Nielsen, LH; Petersen, RS; Strindberg, S; Vaut, L, 2019)	0.51
" One of the biggest problems of these compounds, however, is their very short bioavailability due to instant metabolism and rapid excretion."	( Poly(ornithine)-based self-assembling drug for recovery of hyperammonemia and damage in acute liver injury. Ibayashi, Y; Lee, Y; Nagasaki, Y; Ngo, DN; Nishikawa, Y; Vong, LB, 2019)	0.51
"Polymer-based amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) comprise one of the most promising formulation strategies devised to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs."	( Use of Terahertz-Raman Spectroscopy to Determine Solubility of the Crystalline Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient in Polymeric Matrices during Hot Melt Extrusion. Bordos, E; Florence, AJ; Halbert, GW; Islam, MT; Robertson, J, 2019)	0.51
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" As the oral bioavailability of acetaminophen in critically ill children is unknown, we designed a microtracer study to shed a light on this issue."	( Enteral Acetaminophen Bioavailability in Pediatric Intensive Care Patients Determined With an Oral Microtracer and Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Optimize Dosing. Calvier, E; de Wildt, SN; Kleiber, N; Knibbe, CAJ; Krekels, EHJ; Mooij, MG; Tibboel, D; Vaes, WHJ, 2019)	1.23
"8-20 mo) the mean enteral bioavailability was 72% (range, 11-91%)."	( Enteral Acetaminophen Bioavailability in Pediatric Intensive Care Patients Determined With an Oral Microtracer and Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Optimize Dosing. Calvier, E; de Wildt, SN; Kleiber, N; Knibbe, CAJ; Krekels, EHJ; Mooij, MG; Tibboel, D; Vaes, WHJ, 2019)	0.95
" Furthermore, the bioavailability of the APIs from the dosage form depends largely on these characteristics."	( Fiber-Array-Based Raman Hyperspectral Imaging for Simultaneous, Chemically-Selective Monitoring of Particle Size and Shape of Active Ingredients in Analgesic Tablets. Frosch, T; Popp, J; Wyrwich, E; Yan, D, 2019)	0.51
" In the third study, the bioavailability of ibuprofen and acetaminophen from a single oral dose of the FDC was assessed in healthy adolescents aged 12-17 years, inclusive."	( Phase I Pharmacokinetic Study of Fixed-Dose Combinations of Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen in Healthy Adult and Adolescent Populations. Cruz-Rivera, M; Kellstein, DE; Kelsh, D; Leyva, R; Matschke, K; Meeves, S; Song, D; Tarabar, S; Vince, B, 2020)	1.03
" This study is conducted to investigate the relative bioavailability and bioequivalence between one fixed dose paracetamol/orphenadrine combination test preparation and one fixed dose paracetamol/orphenadrine combination reference preparation in healthy volunteers under fasted condition for marketing authorization in Malaysia."	( A randomized single-dose, two-period crossover bioequivalence study of two fixed-dose Paracetamol/Orphenadrine combination preparations in healthy volunteers under fasted condition. Cheah, KY; Mah, KY; Ng, SM; Pang, LH; Tan, HZ; Tan, SS; Wong, JW; Yuen, KH, 2020)	0.56
" The simulations suggest that for highly soluble drugs, such as verapamil, the predicted bioavailability was comparable pre- and post-RYGBS."	( PBPK modeling of CYP3A and P-gp substrates to predict drug-drug interactions in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Chan, LN; Chen, KF; Lin, YS, 2020)	0.56
" No significant statistical differences were found between fasted and fed dogs regarding maximum plasma concentration, time at maximum concentration and bioavailability as measured by the AUC."	( Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen after intravenous and oral administration in fasted and fed Labrador Retriever dogs. Cuniberti, B; Giorgi, M; Lisowski, A; Poapolathep, A; Sartini, I; Łebkowska-Wieruszewska, B, 2021)	0.94
" Although bioavailability of rectal acetaminophen is unpredictable, rectal route is a usual and acceptable method of prescription."	( Bioavailability of rectal acetaminophen in children following anorectal surgery. Afshari, R; Alizadeh Ghamsari, A; Hiradfar, M; Mohammadipour, A; Shojaeian, R; Vakili, R, 2021)	1.2
" Nonetheless, ethical concerns limit clinical testing in pediatric populations and data collected from oral bioavailability and food effect studies in adults are often extrapolated to the target pediatric (sub)populations."	( Successful Extrapolation of Paracetamol Exposure from Adults to Infants After Oral Administration of a Pediatric Aqueous Suspension Is Highly Dependent on the Study Dosing Conditions. Fotaki, N; Holm, R; Reppas, C; Statelova, M; Vertzoni, M, 2020)	0.56
" Overall, these systems could significantly enhance the bioavailability of paracetamol and prolong its therapeutic effect in numerous diseases such as cold, flu, COVID-19, and severe pain."	( Overcoming the paracetamol dose challenge with wrinkled mesoporous carbon spheres. Ejsmont, A; Galarda, A; Goscianska, J; Olejnik, A; Wuttke, S, 2021)	0.62
" Moreover, compared to native CORM2, SMA/CORM2 exhibited superior bioavailability and protective effect."	( Nano-designed carbon monoxide donor SMA/CORM2 exhibits protective effect against acetaminophen induced liver injury through macrophage reprograming and promoting liver regeneration. Fang, J; Guo, C; Hu, W; Jiang, W; Lv, J; Qin, M; Song, B; Xia, Z; Xu, D; Zhang, C; Zhang, S, 2021)	0.85
"Agglomeration of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in tablets can lead to decreased bioavailability in some enabling formulations."	( Diagnosis of Agglomeration and Crystallinity of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Over the Counter Headache Medication by Electrospray Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Dimmitt, NH; Green, AM; Hubbard, ND; Khan, SM; McVey, PA; Taulbee-Cotton, BV; Van Meter, MI; Webster, GK, 2021)	0.62
"The objective of this study was to develop a novel acetaminophen and tramadol hydrochloride-loaded soft capsule (ATSC) with enhanced bioavailability of tramadol."	( Acetaminophen and tramadol hydrochloride-loaded soft gelatin capsule: preparation, dissolution and pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. Cho, JH; Choi, HG, 2021)	2.32
" Compared with traditional pharmaceutical manufacturing, this should facilitate the following: (1) the ability to manipulate drug release by adjusting structures, (2) enhanced solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs and (3) on-demand production of more complex structured dosages for personalized treatment."	( Oral drug delivery systems using core-shell structure additive manufacturing technologies: a proof-of-concept study. Repka, MA; Vo, AQ; Xu, P; Zhang, J, 2021)	0.62
" The intravenous formulation offers a more predictable bioavailability compared to oral and rectal acetaminophen."	( Effect of Intravenous Acetaminophen on Mean Arterial Blood Pressure: A Post Hoc Analysis of the EFfect of Intravenous ACetaminophen on PosToperative HypOxemia After Abdominal SurgeRy Trial. AlGharrash, A; Bakal, O; Bravo, M; Essber, H; Mascha, EJ; Mosteller, L; Pu, X; Rivas, E; Rodriguez-Patarroyo, F; Turan, A, 2021)	1.15
" Here, a microstirring pill technology is reported with built-in mixing capability for oral drug delivery that greatly enhances bioavailability of its therapeutic payload."	( A Microstirring Pill Enhances Bioavailability of Orally Administered Drugs. Esteban-Fernández de Ávila, B; Fang, RH; Karshalev, E; Litvan, I; Mundaca-Uribe, R; Nguyen, B; Wang, J; Wei, X; Zhang, L, 2021)	0.62
"This study aimed to improve the in vitro dissolution, permeability and oral bioavailability of adefovir dipivoxil (ADD) by cocrystal technology and clarify the important role of coformer selection on the cocrystal's properties."	( Effect of Coformer Selection on In Vitro and In Vivo Performance of Adefovir Dipivoxil Cocrystals. Gao, Y; Li, L; Ma, K; Pang, Z; Qian, S; Wei, Y; Zhang, J; Zheng, D, 2021)	0.62
"Coformer selection had an important role on cocrystal's properties, and cocrystallization of ADD with a suitable coformer was an effective approach to enhance both dissolution and bioavailability of ADD."	( Effect of Coformer Selection on In Vitro and In Vivo Performance of Adefovir Dipivoxil Cocrystals. Gao, Y; Li, L; Ma, K; Pang, Z; Qian, S; Wei, Y; Zhang, J; Zheng, D, 2021)	0.62
" Pirfenidone (PFD), an orally bioavailable pyridone derivative, is clinically used for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treatment and has antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects."	( Pirfenidone attenuates acetaminophen-induced liver injury via suppressing c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. Aoyagi, T; Goya, T; Imoto, K; Kato, M; Kohjima, M; Kurokawa, M; Kuwano, A; Ogawa, Y; Suzuki, H; Takahashi, M; Tanaka, M; Tashiro, S, 2022)	1.03
"Common cold symptoms may be mitigated by products in caplet, nasal spray, and oral solution formulations, although variations exist in the bioavailability of the active ingredients contained within these products."	( A single-dose, open-label, randomized, scintigraphic study to investigate the gastrointestinal behavior of 2 triple-combination cold products (acetaminophen, phenylephrine, and dextromethorphan) in healthy male volunteers. Armogida, M; Doll, WJ; Mallefet, P; Page, RC; Sandefer, EP, 2022)	0.92
" After IV treatment, the APAP area under the curve value was statistically higher than that after PO administration, resulting in an oral bioavailability of 46%."	( Acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in geese. Gajda, A; Gbylik-Sikorska, M; Giorgi, M; Krawczyk, A; Lisowski, A; Pietruk, K; Poapolathep, A; Sartini, I; Łebkowska-Wieruszewska, B, 2022)	2.16
" Bioavailability and absorption half-life were 86% and 12 min for acetaminophen and 94% and 27 min for ibuprofen."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen: the Influence of Body Composition, Formulation and Feeding in Healthy Adult Volunteers. Anderson, BJ; Atkinson, HC; Morse, JD; Stanescu, I, 2022)	1.23
" Intravenous (iv) acetaminophen has been reported to have superior efficacy and bioavailability than oral acetaminophen."	( Effect of intravenous acetaminophen on postoperative outcomes in hip fracture patients: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. Cho, JSH; Clarke, H; Engelsakis, M; Jacob, B; Karkouti, K; McCarthy, K; McCluskey, S; Schiavo, S; Wong, J; Zywiel, M, 2022)	1.37
"To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of drugs of different chemical structure and pharmacological action under conditions simulating the effects of some factors of spaceflight, as well as the peculiarities of the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen under long-term spaceflight conditions."	( Study of the pharmacokinetics of various drugs under conditions of antiorthostatic hypokinesia and the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen under long-term spaceflight conditions. Badriddinova, LY; Kondratenko, SN; Kovachevich, IV; Polyakov, AV; Repenkova, LG; Savelyeva, MI; Shikh, EV; Svistunov, AA, 2021)	1.01
" Like other long-acting GLP-1 analogues, semaglutide reduces gastric emptying and, potentially, alters the rate of absorption of orally co-administered drugs."	( Population pharmacokinetic of paracetamol and atorvastatin with co-administration of semaglutide. Kristensen, K; Langeskov, EK, 2022)	0.72
"Amorphization is a powerful approach for improving the aqueous solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble compounds."	( Influence of the crystallization tendencies of pharmaceutical glasses on the applicability of the Adam-Gibbs-Vogel and Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher equations in the prediction of their long-term physical stability. Kawakami, K; Miyazaki, T; Mizoguchi, R; Yamaguchi, K, 2022)	0.72
"The encapsulation of three drug components in the emulsion can improve the oral bioavailability to varying degrees and can effectively prevent the acute liver injury caused by acetaminophen."	( [Preparation of salvianolic acid B, tanshinone Ⅱ_A, and glycyrrhetinic acid lipid emulsion and its protective effect against acute liver injury induced by acetaminophen]. Gu, H; Lin, T; Wang, XJ; Wang, XL; Zhang, XR, 2022)	1.11
" The fixed dose combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol significantly increases the rate of absorption of paracetamol, which has potential therapeutic benefits in terms of a faster analgesias onset."	( [Clinical and pharmacological approaches to the choice of a drug for a tension-type headache relief]. Khaytovich, ED; Perkov, AV; Shikh, EV, 2021)	0.62
" An exploratory, single-dose, crossover bioavailability study in six beagles was performed."	( Usefulness of the Beagle Model in the Evaluation of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen Exposure after Oral Administration to Pediatric Populations: An Exploratory Study. Fotaki, N; Holm, R; Reppas, C; Statelova, M; Vertzoni, M, 2023)	0.91
" However, curcumin's low solubility and bioavailability are its primary drawbacks and prevent its use as a therapeutic agent."	( The Effect of Curcumin Nanoparticles on Paracetamol-induced Liver Injury in Male Wistar Rats. Damayanti, IP; Mahati, E; Nugroho, T; Suhartono, S; Suryono, S; Susanto, H; Susilaningsih, N; Suwondo, A, 2023)	0.91
" Silymarin extract and its major compound silibinin (SLB) possess robust antioxidant properties by inducing ROS elimination; however, low bioavailability and rapid metabolism limit their applications."	( Alleviation of acetaminophen-induced liver failure using silibinin nanoliposomes: An in vivo study. Alavizadeh, SH; Doagooyan, M; Gheybi, F; Hoseinian, A; Houshangi, K; Jaafari, MR; Khoddamipour, Z; Khooei, A; Papi, A; Sahebkar, A, 2023)	1.26

Dosage Studied

High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the quantitation of acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine maleate, dextromethorphan hydrobromide, and phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride. No significant differences were found in the dosing regimen across the studies.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Male Wistar rats were dosed daily by gavage for 200 days with either (1) aspirin, 200 mg/kg; (2) acetaminophen, 200 mg/kg; (3) aspirin and acetaminophen, 200 mg/kg of each; (4) aspirin and acetaminophen, 100 mg/kg of each or (5) vehicle alone."	( Failure to observe pathology in the rat following chronic dosing with acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid. Nera, EA; Thomas, BH; Zeitz, W, 1977)	0.71
" For each medicine the information is presented under four headings: nature and purpose of the drug, dosage and administration, unwanted effects, and keeping qualities."	( Minimun information for sensible use of self-prescribed medicines. An international consensus. , 1977)	0.26
" One group of golden Syrian hamsters was administered a toxic dosage of acetaminophen (600 mg ."	( Experimental acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis: biochemical and electron microscopic study of cysteamine protection. Bhakthan, NM; Chiu, S, 1978)	0.86
" A control of the actual rectal dosage scheme for repetitive applications is recommended and the combination of paracetamol with sedatives is to be discussed."	( [On the antipyretic effect of paracetamol. Clinical investigation with two different forms of application (author's transl)]. Götte, R; Liedtke, R, 1978)	0.26
" The total amount of paracetamol and its metabolites excreted and the peak excretion rates were lower from the suppository bases than from the oral dosage forms."	( Antipyretic therapy. Comparison of rectal and oral paracetamol. Hietula, M; Keinänen, S; Kouvalainen, K; Similä, S, 1977)	0.26
" This would suggest that the frequency of acetaminophen administration in children should be similar to the schedule recommended for adults and that a dosing interval of four hours should not result in drug accumulation."	( Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in children. Peterson, RG; Rumack, BH, 1978)	0.85
" The estimation of the pharmacokinetic constants by a simultaneous curve fitting with a direct search procedure, based on an open two-compartment model, showed for the liquid as well as for the tablet formulation a good conformable and dosage proportional behaviour of the relative bioavailability."	( [Comparative pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in humans following single oral and rectal administration (author's transl)]. Berner, G; Haase, W; Liedtke, R; Nicolai, W; Staab, R; Wagener, HH, 1979)	0.26
" With the same dosage serum concentrations are lower after rectal application than after oral."	( [Investigations concerning temperature and serum concentrations of paracetamol in febrile infants following rectal application of paracetamol (author's transl)]. Windofer, A, 1978)	0.26
" The dosage of analgesic compound required to control each episode of tension headache was smaller than that of acetaminophen."	( Study of a new analgesic compound in the treatment of tension headache. Borges, J; Zavaleta, C, 1976)	0.47
" The hallmark of severe (grade III) damage is centrizonal necrosis, for which there is probably a dosage threshold."	( Evaluation of paracetamol-induced damage in liver biopsies. Acute changes and follow-up findings. Douglas, AP; Hamlyn, AN; James, OF; Lesna, M; Watson, AJ, 1976)	0.26
" Daily dosing with acetaminophen for up to 3 weeks increased the rate of elimination of 14C from the blood after 4 h, and increased the urinary excretion of both total 14C and the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates."	( Effect of subacute dosing and phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment on the metabolism of acetaminophen in rats. Beaubien, AR; Thomas, BH; Zeitz, W, 1977)	0.8
" The pharmacokinetic characteristics of a drug as well as the severity of liver disease should be taken into account when considering drug dosage in patients with chronic liver disease."	( Antipyrine, paracetamol, and lignocaine elimination in chronic liver disease. Adjepon-Yamoah, KK; Finlayson, ND; Forrest, JA; Prescott, LF, 1977)	0.26
" The effect of activated charcoal on acetaminophen absorption by normal volunteers was determined as a function of the dose of charcoal, the dosage form of acetaminophen, and the charcoal-to-acetaminophen dose ratio."	( Effect of activated charcoal on acetaminophen absorption. Houston, JB; Levy, G, 1976)	0.81
" The children were divided into 3 groups on the basis of dosage (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight)."	( [Investigations concerning serum concentration and temperature following oral application of a new paracetamol preparation (author's transl)]. Vogel, C; Windorfer, A, 1976)	0.26
" Ibuprofen showed suppression in most tissues three hours after dosing with a return to control values by twenty-four hours."	( In vivo suppression of prostaglandin biosynthesis by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Fitzpatrick, FA; Wynalda, MA, 1976)	0.26
" Between the effects of this dosage of phenylbutazone and other non-steroidal antirheumatic drugs, however, no significant difference could be detected."	( [Clinical study on a new acetylsalicylic acid/paracetamol preparation with gastric acid resistant coating (Safapryn), and on two various phenylbutazone dosages in patients with primary chronic polyarthritis as based on a new evaluation method]. Anderson, JA; Bell, AM; Brooks, PM; Buchanan, WW; Fowler, PD; Lee, P; Walker, JJ, )	0.13
" Application to liquid and solid dosage forms and body fluids has been demonstrated."	( Determination of acetaminophen in pharmaceutical preparations and body fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Kissinger, PT; Riggin, RM; Schmidt, AL, 1975)	0.59
" The procedure was applied to commercial dosage forms."	( Differentiating nonaqueous titration of aspirin, acetaminophen, and salicylamide mixtures. Blake, MI; Bode, DW; DeNardo, JJ; Rhodes, HJ, 1975)	0.51
"Urinary excretion of acetaminophen after rectal administration of three suppository formatulations obtained from hospital and commercial sources was compared to that after oral administration of a tablet dosage form."	( Bioavailability of acetaminophen suppositories. Feldman, S, 1975)	0.9
" Groups of homozygotes were dosed by gavage with aspirin, phenacetin and paracetamol for 4 weeks."	( The induction of renal papillary necrosis in Gunn rats by analgesics and analgesic mixtures. Axelsen, RA, 1975)	0.25
" The effect of administering activated charcoal at varying intervals after dosing on the blood drug-level profiles of paracetamol and amylobarbitone was assessed by comparison with the profiles obtained when charcoal therapy was withheld."	( Studies with activated charcoal in the treatment of drug overdosage using the pig as an animal model. Lipscomb, DJ; Widdop, B, 1975)	0.25
" The trend tests for the evidence of dose-response effects for both SCE and CA were significant."	( Sister-chromatid exchange and chromosome aberrations induced by paracetamol in vivo in bone-marrow cells of mice. Giri, AK; Khan, KA; Sivam, SS, 1992)	0.28
"Relationships between pharmacodynamics (drug concentration and effect) and pharmacokinetics were used to develop an oral, controlled-release-bead dosage form."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the design of controlled-release beads with acetaminophen as model drug. Ayres, JW; Hossain, M, 1992)	0.51
" The clinico-pathophysiology and toxicology of paracetamol poisoning is briefly reviewed in an attempt to establish how low a fatal paracetamol dosage can go."	( The fatal paracetamol dosage--how low can you go? Patel, F, 1992)	0.28
" Tolerance in terms of withdrawals or side-effect profile did not appear to the dosage of each preparation administered."	( The efficacy and tolerability of controlled-release dihydrocodeine tablets and combination dextropropoxyphene/paracetamol tablets in patients with severe osteoarthritis of the hips. Costello, F; Eves, MJ; James, IG; Lloyd, RS; Miller, AJ, 1992)	0.28
" Further pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies with use of individual ibuprofen stereoisomers and other dosing regimens are indicated."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ibuprofen isomers and acetaminophen in febrile children. Cox, S; Edge, JH; Kelley, MT; Mortensen, ME; Walson, PD, 1992)	0.52
" This trial design (crossover with multiple dosing in outpatients) is a sensitive way of testing for analgesia, and is potentially more predictive of adverse effect problems than single-dose studies."	( A multiple dose comparison of combinations of ibuprofen and codeine and paracetamol, codeine and caffeine after third molar surgery. Carroll, D; Guest, P; Juniper, RP; McQuay, HJ; Moore, RA, 1992)	0.28
" The failure to antagonize ethanol-induced subjective and physiologic effects by acetaminophen in humans may be due to species differences or inadequate dosage of the PGSI."	( Acetaminophen fails to inhibit ethanol-induced subjective effects in human volunteers. George, FR; Henningfield, JE; Klein, SA; Pickworth, WB, 1992)	1.95
", 2 hr after dosing depleted 60 to 80% of hepatic PAPS."	( Homeostasis of sulfate and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate in rats after acetaminophen administration. Kim, HJ; Klaassen, CD; Madhu, C; Rozman, P, 1992)	0.51
" In some circumstances, osmolality and pH affected drug release from dosage forms coated with this polymer system."	( Mechanisms to control drug release from pellets coated with a silicone elastomer aqueous dispersion. Dahl, TC; Sue, II, 1992)	0.28
" Six children were withdrawn from the study, two because of dosing errors, three because of hypothermia (temperature of less than 35."	( Comparison of multidose ibuprofen and acetaminophen therapy in febrile children. Braden, NJ; Chomilo, F; Galletta, G; Sawyer, LA; Scheinbaum, ML; Walson, PD, 1992)	0.55
"03) at 4 hr after dosing following SURc 800."	( Plasma concentration of paracetamol and its major metabolites after p.o. dosing with paracetamol or concurrent administration of paracetamol and its N-acetyl-DL-methionine ester in mice. Ingebrigtsen, K; Lausund, P; Nafstad, I; Skoglund, LA, 1992)	0.28
" However, these results do not favor vidarabine dosage supplementation in this indication because the duration of PE is less than 8 per cent of a daily administration period."	( Diclofenac, paracetamol, and vidarabine removal during plasma exchange in polyarteritis nodosa patients. Fauvelle, F; Guillevin, L; Leon, A; Nicolas, P; Perret, G; Petitjean, O; Tod, M, )	0.13
" However, pain intensity scores indicate that APAP double dose gave less analgesia toward the end of the dosing interval than the standard regimen."	( Effects of acetaminophen after bilateral oral surgery: double dose twice daily versus standard dose four times daily. Pettersen, N; Skoglund, LA, 1991)	0.67
" We have studied the effects of multiple dosing of levodopa on gastric emptying and levodopa absorption in eight healthy young volunteers in a randomised two-way cross-over study."	( Gastric emptying in healthy volunteers after multiple doses of levodopa. George, CF; Macklin, B; Renwick, AG; Roseveare, C; Waller, DG, 1991)	0.28
"Second derivative UV spectrophotometry proved to be a useful tool for the determination of acetaminophen, even in the presence of high amounts of the impurity, 4-aminophenol and the background effect caused by dissolved excipients of some dosage forms."	( Derivative spectrophotometric assay of acetaminophen and spectrofluorimetric determination of its main impurity. Milch, G; Szabó, E, 1991)	0.77
" Incidence of side effects and toxicity may be reduced by choice of drug and modification of dosing regimen."	( Nonnarcotic analgesics and tricyclic antidepressants for the treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain. Richlin, DM, 1991)	0.28
" Peak plasma concentrations were lower for the two GMS formulations after single dosing compared to the oral solution."	( Kinetics of acetaminophen after single- and multiple-dose oral administration as a gradient matrix system to healthy male subjects. Raghoebar, M; Tukker, JJ; van Bommel, EM, 1991)	0.66
" Flurbiprofen in 50 mg and 100 mg dosages demonstrated effective analgesic activity with the 100 mg dosage being at least as effective as the acetaminophen/codeine combination."	( The analgesic efficacy of flurbiprofen compared to acetaminophen with codeine. Cooper, SA; Kupperman, A, 1991)	0.73
" In the therapeutic setting of treatment of fever and pain in children, paracetamol is regarded as a drug with a higher therapeutic index, and as such, there seems to be little concern with strict adherence to dosage regimes."	( Paracetamol poisoning in children and hepatotoxicity. Buchanan, N; Penna, A, 1991)	0.28
"Ibuprofen was evaluated as an antipyretic agent in 178 children (aged 3 months to 12 years) to compare dosage (5 vs 10 mg/kg), establish absolute efficacy (with a placebo control group), determine relative efficacy (ibuprofen vs acetaminophen), evaluate maximum efficacy, and identify potential confounding variables."	( Single-dose, placebo-controlled comparative study of ibuprofen and acetaminophen antipyresis in children. Bertrand, KM; Brown, RD; Eichler, VF; Johnson, VA; Kearns, GL; Lowe, BA; Wilson, JT, 1991)	0.7
" For 13 patients, the unit dosage of acetaminophen was 325 mg for 3 days; for 8 patients, the dosage was 650 mg for 3 days; and, for 6 patients, the dosage was 650 mg for 7 days."	( Acetaminophen does not impair clearance of zidovudine. Antoniskis, D; Cohen, J; Ko, R; Koda, R; Leedom, J; Nicoloff, J; Sattler, FR; Shields, M, 1991)	2
" Thus no change in acetaminophen dosage would be required in patients treated with disulfiram."	( The influence of disulfiram on acetaminophen metabolism in man. Jørgensen, L; Poulsen, HE; Ranek, L, 1991)	0.9
"The effects of oral dosing with paracetamol (40 mg/kg/day for 3 days) on serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), sodium homeostasis, urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and on some other renal function parameters were investigated in 10 healthy young controls aged 23-26 years, 9 healthy elderly persons with normal renal function aged 66-78 years and 9 patients with chronic stable impaired renal function."	( Acute effects of paracetamol on prostaglandin synthesis and renal function in normal man and in patients with renal failure. Berg, KJ; Djøseland, O; Gjellan, A; Hundal, O; Knudsen, ER; Rugstad, HE; Rønneberg, E, 1990)	0.28
" Two moderate respiratory depressions occurred in 1989 due to error in dosage with no consequence for the child."	( [Intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in pediatric surgery. 1 years' experience]. Charles-Guillard, S; Heloury, Y; Meignier, M; Pannier, M; Ricard, P; Rogez, JM; Zaouter, M, 1990)	0.28
"In this study we evaluated subjects with Down's syndrome for the possibility that direct or indirect gene dosage effects of trisomy 21 alter the fate of acetaminophen."	( Noninvasive determination of acetaminophen disposition in Down's syndrome. Cooke, RE; Corcoran, GB; Griener, JC; Msall, ME, 1990)	0.77
" This side effect can be found in excessive overdosages exceeding the therapeutical dosage significantly."	( [Paracetamol hepatotoxicity]. Lubec, G, 1990)	0.28
" Both plasma elimination half life and area under the plasma concentration time curve were significantly increased in neonates after suppository dosing compared with older children."	( Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol after cardiac surgery. Booker, PD; Hopkins, CS; Underhill, S, 1990)	0.28
" Dose-response studies showed that minoxidil sulfate is 14 times more potent than minoxidil in stimulating cysteine incorporation in cultured follicles."	( Minoxidil sulfate is the active metabolite that stimulates hair follicles. Baker, CA; Buhl, AE; Johnson, GA; Waldon, DJ, 1990)	0.28
" No significant differences were found in the disposition kinetics of acetaminophen and its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates during two consecutive dosing intervals (08."	( Circadian rhythm of serum sulfate levels in man and acetaminophen pharmacokinetics. Hoffman, DA; Verbeeck, RK; Wallace, SM, 1990)	0.76
" Ranitidine reduced the expected acetaminophen-induced hepatoxicity in a dose-response manner."	( Effect of ranitidine on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in dogs. Barone, M; Bell, S; Demetris, J; Guglielmi, FW; Makowka, L; Panella, C; Polimeno, L; Prelich, JG; Rizzi, S; Van Thiel, DH, 1990)	0.87
" Dosage was repeated after 2 h if the attack had not abated."	( Randomized double-blind comparison of tolfenamic acid and paracetamol in migraine. Andersen, B; Christiansen, LV; Larsen, BH; Olesen, J, 1990)	0.28
" 3-(Cystein-S-yl)acetaminophen adducts were detected in the 55-kDa liver protein 30 min after dosing and prior to the development of significant toxicity."	( Immunoblot analysis of protein containing 3-(cystein-S-yl)acetaminophen adducts in serum and subcellular liver fractions from acetaminophen-treated mice. Benson, RW; Hinson, JA; Pumford, NR; Roberts, DW, 1990)	0.86
" The dose-response relationship varied in the three systems (stomach, salivary glands and heart rate) studied."	( Effect of intravenous atropine on gastric emptying, paracetamol absorption, salivary flow and heart rate in young and fit elderly volunteers. Bateman, DN; Rashid, MU, 1990)	0.28
"A modified enzyme-based colorimetric method has been used to determine plasma paracetamol profiles following single dose (2 x 500 mg) administration of three dosage forms to non-patient volunteers."	( Application of a modified colorimetric enzyme assay to monitor plasma paracetamol levels following single oral doses to non-patient volunteers. Edwardson, PA; Nichols, JD; Sugden, K, 1989)	0.28
" Changes in the activity of indicatory enzymes may be better expressed in the dose-response arrangement."	( Dynamics of glutathione levels in liver and indicatory enzymes in serum in acetaminophen intoxication in mice. Brzeźnicka, EA; Piotrowski, JK, 1989)	0.51
"Two spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the simultaneous determination of chlorzoxazone and acetaminophen in their combined dosage forms."	( Simultaneous determination of chlorzoxazone and acetaminophen in combined dosage forms by an absorbance ratio technique and difference spectrophotometry. Chatterjee, PK; Jain, CL; Sethi, PD, 1989)	0.75
" Analysis of the concentration-time curve for antipyrine after simultaneous dosing and start of the 23% regimen suggests that the increase in metabolic capacity occurred within a few hours."	( Effects of parenteral amino acid nutritional regimens on oxidative and conjugative drug metabolism. Lee, YJ; Pantuck, CB; Pantuck, EJ; Weissman, C, 1989)	0.28
" Patients treated with benorylate 4 g reported significantly less pain between 3-6 h after dosage than those treated with placebo."	( The efficacy of benorylate in postoperative dental pain. Moore, U; Nicholson, E; Rawlins, MD; Seymour, RA; Williams, FM, 1989)	0.28
" Following 750 mg/kg APAP, ip, a nephrotoxic dosage in 12-month-old but not 3-month-old rats, renal cortical APAP concentrations were significantly greater in 12-month-old compared with 3-month-old SD rats at 3, 4, and 6 hr after treatment."	( Role of pharmacokinetics and metabolism in the enhanced susceptibility of middle-aged male Sprague-Dawley rats to acetaminophen nephrotoxicity. Goldstein, RS; Hook, JB; Mico, BA; Tarloff, JB, )	0.34
" In general, dosage escalation and compulsive drug-seeking behaviors were not seen."	( Pharmacologic management of pain in children and adolescents. Berde, CB; Shannon, M, 1989)	0.28
" The dosage schedule for intravenous N-acetylcysteine should probably be modified since adverse reactions invariably occur early when plasma concentrations are at their highest, and liver damage was prevented just as effectively at the lowest as at the highest Cmax."	( The disposition and kinetics of intravenous N-acetylcysteine in patients with paracetamol overdosage. Donovan, JW; Jarvie, DR; Prescott, LF; Proudfoot, AT, 1989)	0.28
"The influence of two liquid formula diets on the systemic availability of paracetamol was investigated in 12 healthy normal volunteers using a liquid and a solid paracetamol dosage form."	( The influence of different formula diets and different pharmaceutical formulations on the systemic availability of paracetamol, gallbladder size, and plasma glucose. de Vries, JX; Nickel, B; Stenzhorn, G; Walter-Sack, IE; Weber, E, 1989)	0.28
" It was found that the composition has a considerable influence on the behaviour of the dosage form and this must be taken into account when judging the applicabilities of the three dissolution tests."	( Comparative dissolution studies of rectal formulations using the Basket, the Paddle and the Flow-Through methods. I. Paracetamol in suppositories and soft gelatin capsules of both hydrophilic and lipophilic types. Gjellan, K; Graffner, C, 1989)	0.28
"A double-blind, parallel-group, triple-dummy-designed, single-oral-dose study compared the efficacy, tolerability, safety, and dose-response of 5 mg/kg (n = 32) and 10 mg/kg (n = 28) ibuprofen suspension, 10 mg/kg acetaminophen elixir (n = 33), and placebo liquids (n = 34) in 127 children (2 to 11 years of age) with fever (101 degrees to 104 degrees F)."	( Ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and placebo treatment of febrile children. Alexander, L; Braden, NJ; Galletta, G; Walson, PD, 1989)	0.85
"Determination of the Relative Bioavailability of Paracetamol Following Administration of Solid and Liquid Oral Preparations and Rectal Dosage Forms."	( [The relative bioavailability of paracetamol following administration of solid and liquid oral preparations and rectal dosage forms]. Guserle, R; Luckow, V; Walter-Sack, I; Weber, E, 1989)	0.28
" These preliminary results are relevant with the use of pharmacologic dosage of ADT in hepatotoxicity prevention."	( Protective effect of anethol dithiolthione against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice. Biard, D; Christen, MO; Claude, JR; Jacqueson, A; Thevenin, M; Warnet, JM, 1989)	0.53
" The time course of the decline in PAPS values after 600 mg acetaminophen/kg showed that PAPS concentrations reached a nadir 1 hr after dosing (40% of control values)."	( Acetaminophen decreases adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate and uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid in rat liver. Hazelton, GA; Hjelle, JJ; Klaassen, CD, )	1.82
" Due to many different pharmacokinetic properties, no perfect rules for dosage in acute or chronic hemodialysis exist."	( Tranquilizers, analgetics and antidepressants in patients treated with hemodialysis. Forycki, Z; Ibe, K; Martens, F; Thalhofer, S, 1985)	0.27
" This indicates that although the preparation is hepatotoxic when taken acutely in overdose, in chronic therapeutic dosage it appears to be free from this hazard."	( Liver function in patients on long-term paracetamol (co-proxamol) analgesia. Hutchinson, DR; Parke, DV; Schilds, AF, 1986)	0.27
" The effects of chronic acetaminophen dosing (1000 mg three times/day for 7 days) on a single 100 mg tablet of fenoldopam were studied in a second crossover study in seven additional volunteers."	( The effect of acetaminophen on the disposition of fenoldopam: competition for sulfation. Allison, N; Boppana, VK; Dubb, J; Stote, R; Ziemniak, JA, 1987)	0.94
"Using a recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for 3-(cystein-S-yl)acetaminophen adducts we have quantitated the formation of these specific adducts in liver and serum protein of B6C3F1 male mice dosed with acetaminophen."	( Immunochemical quantitation of 3-(cystein-S-yl)acetaminophen adducts in serum and liver proteins of acetaminophen-treated mice. Benson, RW; Hinson, JA; Potter, DW; Pumford, NR; Roberts, DW; Rowland, KL, 1989)	0.76
" Since the normal human dosage of paracetamol is up to 4 g/day, which is equivalent to 1% of the diet, the possibility of induction of amino acid deficiency by chronic use of paracetamol in normal dosage is raised."	( Effect of D- or L-methionine and cysteine on the growth inhibitory effects of feeding 1% paracetamol to rats. Armstrong, GR; Beales, D; McLean, AE, 1989)	0.28
" The same dosage of zinc was not hepatoprotective when given 1 hr after acetaminophen."	( Protection by zinc against acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Chengelis, CP; Dodd, DC; Kotsonis, FN; Means, JR, 1986)	0.8
" Despite the decreased clearance by these pathways, reduction in paracetamol dosage should not be necessary in the elderly."	( Comparison of paracetamol metabolism in young adult and elderly males. Birkett, DJ; Miners, JO; Penhall, R; Robson, RA, 1988)	0.27
" A close correlation between administered dosage of the drug, acetaminophen blood levels and methemoglobinemia was found."	( [Paracetamol poisoning in a swine model]. Artwohl, J; Dziwisch, L; Henne-Bruns, D; Kremer, B, 1988)	0.52
"The gastric emptying rates of oral dosage forms of different sizes were studied in humans and beagle dogs measuring of marker drugs such as acetaminophen, aspirin and pyridoxal phosphate in plasma or urine."	( Gastric emptying rates of drug preparations. I. Effects of size of dosage forms, food and species on gastric emptying rates. Aoyagi, N; Ejima, A; Kaniwa, N; Ogata, H, 1988)	0.48
" A close correlation between administered dosage of the drug, acetaminophen blood levels, and methemoglobinemia was found."	( Acetaminophen-induced acute hepatic failure in pigs: controversical results to other animal models. Artwohl, J; Broelsch, C; Henne-Bruns, D; Kremer, B, 1988)	1.96
" Adjustment of dosage of drugs that are metabolized by the microsomal enzymes may be required in patients on anti-tubercular drug regimen in which rifampicin is included."	( Effect of short course chemotherapy on salivary paracetamol elimination. Adithan, C; Bahadur, P; Bapna, JS; Kamatchi, GL; Madhusudanarao, K; Ray, K; Seetharaman, ML; Venkatadri, N, 1988)	0.27
"A case of acetaminophen poisoning following the ingestion of 26 g of acetaminophen by incremental dosing over a 25-h period is reported."	( Subacute acetaminophen overdose after incremental dosing. Kuhns, DW; Mathis, RD; Walker, JS, )	0.95
" Their occurrence varies, both qualitatively and quantitatively, and an attempt is made to assess these differences, although it may be that they are related directly to differences in dosage and therapeutic efficacy."	( Aspirin, paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A comparative review of side effects. Fowler, PD, )	0.13
" dosage schedule produces average steady-state blood levels equivalent to the peak response for a single 200 mg dose."	( Clinical experience with flupirtine in the U.S. Arndt, WF; McMahon, FG; Montgomery, PA; Newton, JJ; Perhach, JL, 1987)	0.27
" As such dosage involves pronounced side-effects, it seems more appropriate to employ the combination of 50 mg indomethacin and 4 g paracetamol, whereby similar analgesia can be obtained without an increase in side-effects."	( Equianalgesic effects of paracetamol and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis. Melander, A; Seideman, P, 1988)	0.27
" A dose-response relation for cataractogenesis was evident in C57BL/6 mice using doses of 300 and 400 mg/kg, with the higher dose producing similar plasma acetaminophen concentrations but twofold higher glucuronide concentrations."	( Pharmacological studies on the in vivo cataractogenicity of acetaminophen in mice and rabbits. Avaria, M; Basu, PK; Lubek, BM; Wells, PG, 1988)	0.71
" The slopes of the dose-response plots for individual chemicals were markedly different."	( Comparison of cell death and adenosine triphosphate content as indicators of acute toxicity in vitro. Cross, DM; Kemp, RB; Meredith, RW, 1988)	0.27
" Rabbits were dosed intravenously with acetaminophen (NAPA, 30 mg/kg)."	( A method for the preparation of calibration curves for acetaminophen glucuronide and acetaminophen sulfate in rabbit urine without use of authentic compounds in high-performance liquid chromatography. Baba, S; Nakamura, J; Nakamura, T; Sasaki, H; Shibasaki, J, 1987)	0.79
" It is a process of limited capacity; the extent of sulfate conjugate formation and the metabolic clearance of drugs subject to conjugation with sulfate depend therefore on the dose, the dosage form, the route of administration, and the rate and duration of administration as well as on the pharmacokinetic parameters of competing processes."	( Sulfate conjugation in drug metabolism: role of inorganic sulfate. Levy, G, 1986)	0.27
" A double-placebo method was used, as dosage regimens for the two treatments were different."	( The effects of indoprofen vs paracetamol on swelling, pain and other events after surgery. Olstad, OA; Skjelbred, P, 1986)	0.27
" About 50% of patients given salicylate in full anti-inflammatory dosage develop minor abnormalities of liver function."	( Liver damage with non-narcotic analgesics. Prescott, LF, 1986)	0.27
" The dosage was two tablets taken as early as possible in the acute attack."	( A treatment for the acute migraine attack. Adam, EI, )	0.13
" Route of administration was found to influence both the pattern and magnitude of the M/P ratio after acetaminophen dosing in the goat."	( Pharmacologic factors contributing to variance in the milk to plasma ratio for acetaminophen in the goat. Brown, RD; Hinson, JL; Johnson, VA; Smith, IJ; Wilson, JT; Woods, TW, 1987)	0.72
" Continuous dose-response and step-function parameterizations of aspirin exposure were both statistically significant and not clearly distinguishable from each other."	( Aspirin and acetaminophen use by pregnant women and subsequent child IQ and attention decrements. Barr, HM; Bleyer, WA; Martin, DC; Sampson, PD; Shepard, TH; Streissguth, AP; Treder, RP, 1987)	0.65
" From 8 h post dosing a decrease of 14C-APAP or its metabolites coincided with recovery of the hepatic GHS level and the regeneration of the hepatic cells caused by APAP 400 mg."	( Time development of distribution and toxicity following single toxic APAP doses in male BOM:NMRI mice. Ingebrigtsen, K; Jansen, JH; Nafstad, I; Skoglund, LA, 1987)	0.27
" Bile was collected prior to dosing and for 5-6 hours after dosing at varying time intervals."	( BHA (2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole)-mediated modulation of acetaminophen phase II metabolism in vivo in Fisher 344 rats. Boroujerdi, M; McLaughlin, WJ, 1987)	0.51
" Cortisol hydroxylation was increased in the group of epileptics with large inter-individual variations notwithstanding a similar dosage of inducers."	( Urinary 6-beta-OH-cortisol and paracetamol metabolites as a probe for assessing oxidation and conjugation of chemicals in humans. Dolara, P; Lodovici, M; Muscas, GC; Salvadori, M; Zaccara, G, 1987)	0.27
" In Australia, the pediatric usage of aspirin has been extremely low for the past 25 years (less than 1% of total dosage units sold), with paracetamol (acetaminophen) dominating the pediatric analgesic and antipyretic market."	( A catch in the Reye. Gillis, J; Kilham, HA; Orlowski, JP, 1987)	0.47
" The data suggest normal single dosage for these drugs in acute viral hepatitis, and dosage modification only in severe cases."	( Reduction of paracetamol and aspirin metabolism during viral hepatitis. Beermann, B; Britton, S; Jorup-Rönström, C; Melander, A; Wåhlin-Boll, E, )	0.13
" Patients were maintained on their normal treatment and dosage schedules (600 mg every 3 to 8 h) for the study."	( The effect of acetaminophen administration on its disposition and body stores of sulphate. Danilkewich, A; Hendrix-Treacy, S; Hindmarsh, KW; Wallace, SM; Wyant, GM, 1986)	0.63
" In group P a statistically significant, but transitory, rise in plasma ALAT level following dosage was seen."	( Efficacy of paracetamol-esterified methionine versus cysteine or methionine on paracetamol-induced hepatic GSH depletion and plasma ALAT level in mice. Aalen, O; Ingebrigtsen, K; Nafstad, I; Skoglund, LA, 1986)	0.27
" Acetaminophen, cimetidine, or ranitidine were begun 24 hours prior to oxaprozin dosage and continued for the 10-day duration of each trial."	( Interaction of oxaprozin with acetaminophen, cimetidine, and ranitidine. Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Matlis, R; Scavone, JM, 1986)	1.47
" The dosage of the suppositories depended upon body weight; medication was applied up to 3 times a day."	( Clinical experience and results of treatment with suprofen in pediatrics. 2nd communication: Use of suprofen suppositories as an antipyretic in children with fever due to acute infections/A single-blind controlled study of suprofen versus paracetamol. Michos, N; Stocker, H; Sundal, EJ; Weippl, G, 1985)	0.27
" N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate or the L- or D-isomers of 2-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylate were administered to male mice immediately after a hepatotoxic dosage of acetaminophen (5."	( Effects of cysteine pro-drugs on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Hazelton, GA; Hjelle, JJ; Klaassen, CD, 1986)	0.74
" Since cimetidine did not affect acetaminophen pharmacokinetics to any significant extent, clinical combination of both medications at therapeutic dosage presumably would not produce adverse interactions."	( Cimetidine--acetaminophen interaction in humans. Chen, MM; Lee, CS, 1985)	0.93
"Oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC), IV NAC, and IV sodium sulfate were evaluated as treatments for cats dosed orally with toxic sublethal doses of acetaminophen (APAP)."	( Effects of various antidotal treatments on acetaminophen toxicosis and biotransformation in cats. Leipold, HW; Oehme, FW; Savides, MC, 1985)	0.73
" Plasma drug concentration vs time curves were obtained after dosage at 08."	( Chronopharmacokinetics of paracetamol in normal subjects. Bosch, E; Malan, J; Moncrieff, J, 1985)	0.27
" Codeine and paracetamol tested individually were effective only at relatively high dosage and, like the combination, their analgesic effects were greater after rectal administration and more clearly dose-dependent than after oral administration."	( Acute toxicity and analgesic action of a combination of buclizine, codeine and paracetamol ('Migraleve') in tablet and suppository form in rats. Behrendt, WA; Cserepes, J, 1985)	0.27
"0% dosage level, 20% of rats of both sexes developed neoplastic nodules of the liver, a statistically significant incidence."	( Induction by paracetamol of bladder and liver tumours in the rat. Effects on hepatocyte fine structure. Flaks, A; Flaks, B; Shaw, AP, 1985)	0.27
" Almost half of the patients taking aspirin were unable to tolerate the drug in adequate dosage for six months."	( Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with fenoprofen: comparison with aspirin. Balme, HW; Berry, H; Hart, FD; Huskisson, EC; Scott, J; Wojtulewski, JA, 1974)	0.25
" A starting dose of 200 mg/kg/day should be used, and the salicylate level checked at seven days and the dosage adjusted to give an anti-inflammatory effect-that is, a blood salicylate level of between 25 and 30 mg/100 ml."	( Benorylate in management of Still's disease. Ansell, BM; Powell, RH, 1974)	0.25
" At low dosage this amounts to 33% of the administered dose in this species."	( Formation and disposition of the minor metabolites of acetaminophen in the hamster. Gemborys, MW; Mudge, GH, )	0.38
" Data are presented in 46 patients who took aspirin continuously for 10 or more years (mean total dosage 35 kg) in whom there was no evidence of significant renal dysfunction."	( Aspirin and renal disease. Emkey, RD, 1983)	0.27
" The teratogenic potential of a drug is related to dosage and time of administration."	( Analgesics during pregnancy. Niederhoff, H; Zahradnik, HP, 1983)	0.27
" A clinical dose-response relationship has been established, and time-effect curves indicate that the total threshold-raising effect depends on dosage frequency."	( Review of the comparative analgesic efficacy of salicylates, acetaminophen, and pyrazolones. Mehlisch, DR, 1983)	0.51
" Interpretation of single dose studies with extrapolation to repeated dosing in the practice setting is difficult."	( An appraisal of codeine as an analgesic: single-dose analysis. Honig, S; Murray, KA, )	0.13
" Some of the newer NSAIDs seem at normal dosage to be far less damaging than traditional ASA or indomethacin."	( Gastroduodenal damage due to drugs, alcohol and smoking. Domschke, S; Domschke, W, 1984)	0.27
" The mean elimination half-life of dextropropoxyphene after multiple dosing was 35."	( Pharmacokinetics of dextropropoxyphene and nordextropropoxyphene in elderly hospital patients after single and multiple doses of distalgesic. Preliminary analysis of results. Crome, P; Flanagan, RJ; Gain, R; Ghurye, R, 1984)	0.27
"A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the quantitation of acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine maleate, dextromethorphan hydrobromide, and phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride in combination in pharmaceutical dosage forms using a single column and three different mobile phases."	( Quantitation of acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine maleate, dextromethorphan hydrobromide, and phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride in combination using high-performance liquid chromatography. Das Gupta, V; Heble, AR, 1984)	0.83
"Knowledge of pharmacokinetics (action of organisms on drugs) and pharmacodynamics (drug action on living organisms) allows for the proper assessment of the most suitable dose, dosing intervals, route of administration, as well as dose adjustment when clinically indicated."	( Pharmacokinetic considerations of common analgesics and antipyretics. Hartwig-Otto, H, 1983)	0.27
" A similar dosing of hepatocytes from phenobarbital-induced or normal rats is ineffective in that respect."	( Paracetamol-stimulated lipid peroxidation in isolated rat and mouse hepatocytes. Albano, E; Biasi, F; Chiarpotto, E; Dianzani, MU; Poli, G, 1983)	0.27
" The dosage used was 1 tablet 3-times daily."	( Effect of a combination of orphenadrine/paracetamol tablets ('Norgesic') on myalgia: a double-blind comparison with placebo in general practice. Høivik, HO; Moe, N, 1983)	0.27
" Patients were allocated at random to receive 2 tablets 3-times daily of either treatment for 6 weeks and were then crossed over to the alternative treatment at the same dosage for a further 6 weeks."	( Paracetamol plus metoclopramide ('Paramax') as an adjunct analgesic in the treatment of arthritis. Boston, PF; Matts, SG, 1983)	0.27
" Based on available clinical and pharmacokinetic data, acetaminophen should be dosed with single doses in the range of 10-15 mg/kg at 4-hour intervals."	( Pediatric dosing of acetaminophen. Temple, AR, 1983)	0.84
" The 0-24 h and the 0-72 h areas under the plasma level curves together with the maximum plasma concentration reached, correlated strongly with the dosage level used."	( Nabumetone--a novel anti-inflammatory drug: the influence of food, milk, antacids, and analgesics on bioavailability of single oral doses. Buscher, G; Dierdorf, D; Mügge, H; von Schrader, HW; Wolf, D, 1983)	0.27
" Biliary excretion of the various metabolites of acetaminophen increased from 20 to 49% as the dosage was increased from 37."	( Glucuronidation and biliary excretion of acetaminophen in rats. Hjelle, JJ; Klaassen, CD, 1984)	0.79
" In cats, APAP-sulfate was the major metabolite in urine at all three dosage levels, but the fraction of the total urinary metabolites represented by APAP-sulfate decreased as the dosage increased."	( The toxicity and biotransformation of single doses of acetaminophen in dogs and cats. Leipold, HW; Nash, SL; Oehme, FW; Savides, MC, 1984)	0.52
" A statiscally significant dose-response relationship was obtained between the supplementary doses of codeine and analgesic efficacy."	( Paracetamol plus supplementary doses of codeine. An analgesic study of repeated doses. Ahlström, U; Bångens, S; Hellem, S; Johansson, G; Jönsson, E; Nordh, PG; Persson, G; Quiding, H, 1982)	0.26
" The non-steroid antirheumatic benoxaprofen was used alone in a dosage of a 1 x 600 mg tablet daily."	( [Benoxaprofen in the treatment of spondylosis and spondylarthrosis (author's transl)]. Hevelke, G; Schilling, E, 1981)	0.26
" On the basis of kinetics data alone, adjustment of acetaminophen dosage for the elderly is generally not necessary."	( Acetaminophen kinetics in the elderly. Abernethy, DR; Ameer, B; Divoll, M; Greenblatt, DJ, 1982)	1.96
" Absolute bioavailability of both oral dosage forms was significantly less then 100 per cent in all groups."	( Age does not alter acetaminophen absorption. Abernethy, DR; Ameer, B; Divoll, M; Greenblatt, DJ, 1982)	0.59
" In 87% of the cases receiving aspirin, their maximum daily dosage did not exceed recommended levels, but their doses were higher than those of controls receiving aspirin."	( Reye's syndrome and medication use. Campbell, RJ; Correa-Villaseñor, A; Hall, LJ; Halpin, TJ; Holtzhauer, FJ; Hurwitz, ES; Lanese, R; Rice, J, 1982)	0.26
" Thus, age as such does not appear to be a critical determinant in the design of oral acetaminophen dosage schedules."	( Effect of food on acetaminophen absorption in young and elderly subjects. Abernethy, DR; Ameer, B; Divoll, M; Greenblatt, DJ, )	0.69
" Single voided urine samples were collected from the infants three to five hours after maternal dosing (two hours after nursing at peak maternal milk levels)."	( Disposition of acetaminophen in milk, saliva, and plasma of lactating women. Berlin, CM; Ragni, M; Yaffe, SJ, 1980)	0.61
" In the present work, human serum has been dosed with the phenolic compounds of immediate relevance in exogenous and endogenous intoxication, and the effectiveness of various adsorbent materials for the elimination of the toxins from the serum has been investigated."	( Properties of agarose-encapsulated adsorbents. II. Elimination of endogenous and exogenous phenolic compounds from human serum. Brunner, G; Harstick, K; Holloway, CJ; Neumann, E, 1981)	0.26
" As total weight may exceed 200 per cent of the ideal weight in this patient group, dosing according to total rather than ideal weight could lead to toxic or lethal effects when using the 10 mg/kg dosing recommendation."	( The effect of obesity on acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in man. Granville, GE; Kramer, WG; Lee, WH, 1981)	0.57
" Five of the cats were given antidotal treatment with acetylcysteine (140 mg/kg, per os) at the time of the second dosing with acetaminophen and at 8-hour intervals thereafter for a total of three treatments."	( Acetylcysteine for treatment of acetaminophen toxicosis in the cat. McKnight, ED; St Omer, VV, 1980)	0.75
" Hence, the chronic hemodialysis patient may not need a dosage adjustment during or following hemodialysis."	( Hemodialysis of acetaminophen in uremic patients. Lee, CS; Marbury, TC; Wang, LH, 1980)	0.61
" relative to acetaminophen dosing to inhibit CYP2E1 and CYP1A2, respectively."	( Cytochrome P4502E1 inhibition by propylene glycol prevents acetaminophen (paracetamol) hepatotoxicity in mice without cytochrome P4501A2 inhibition. Loft, S; Poulsen, HE; Roberts, DW; Thomsen, MS, 1995)	0.9
"This study was undertaken to examine the effects of mechanical destructive forces on drug release from controlled release (CR) dosage forms in vitro and in vivo and their colonic release, using two CR tablets of acetaminophen A and B, showing slower and faster erosion rates, respectively."	( Oral solid controlled release dosage forms: role of GI-mechanical destructive forces and colonic release in drug absorption under fasted and fed conditions in humans. Aoyagi, N; Katori, N; Kojima, S; Shameem, M, 1995)	0.48
" The release from both tablets was markedly reduced at 3-4 hrs after dosing irrespective of feeding conditions which can be attributed to release inhibition in the colon."	( Oral solid controlled release dosage forms: role of GI-mechanical destructive forces and colonic release in drug absorption under fasted and fed conditions in humans. Aoyagi, N; Katori, N; Kojima, S; Shameem, M, 1995)	0.29
"Effects of GI destructive forces on the tablet erosion and the release inhibition in the colon must be considered in the development of CR dosage forms."	( Oral solid controlled release dosage forms: role of GI-mechanical destructive forces and colonic release in drug absorption under fasted and fed conditions in humans. Aoyagi, N; Katori, N; Kojima, S; Shameem, M, 1995)	0.29
"00mM resulted in a dose-response relationship with regard to LDH release (243% to 750% of control) and to the loss of cell viability (0 to 67% of control)."	( Protective effect of nifedipine against cytotoxicity and intracellular calcium alterations induced by acetaminophen in rat hepatocyte cultures. Claude, JR; Dutertre-Catella, H; Ellouk-Achard, S; Mawet, E; Thevenin, M; Thibault, N, )	0.35
" Accumulation of the toxic metabolite due to depleted glutathione stores may have occurred with prolonged high dosing in our subject and been responsible for his abnormal rise in liver enzymes."	( Abnormal serum transaminases following therapeutic doses of acetaminophen in the absence of known risk factors. Bartle, WR; Kwan, D; Walker, SE, 1995)	0.53
" Hepatotoxic doses of acetaminophen to mice significantly altered the abundances of several liver proteins 2 h after dosing as revealed by densitometric analysis of two-dimensional electrophoretic patterns of these proteins."	( A comparative study of mouse liver proteins arylated by reactive metabolites of acetaminophen and its nonhepatotoxic regioisomer, 3'-hydroxyacetanilide. Anderson, NL; Cohen, SD; Dietz, EC; Khairallah, EA; Myers, TG; Nelson, SD, )	0.67
"The relationships of the phasic period of interdigestive migrating contraction to gastrointestinal (GI) transit of drugs and their oral absorption were investigated in mongrel dogs by simultaneous oral dosing of acetaminophen (AAP) and salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP) at the starting points of the phase I and phase III periods of gastric contractions."	( Relationship between the phasic period of interdigestive migrating contraction and the systemic bioavailability of acetaminophen in dogs. Haga, K; Mizuta, H; Ohshiko, M; Sagara, K; Shibata, M, 1995)	0.69
" Morphine can also be administered subcutaneously, intravenously, and rectally, which provides enhanced flexibility for dosing patients unable to take oral medications."	( Management of pain in the cancer patient. Skaer, TL, )	0.13
" The best single dose of aspirin is that which is adequate to relieve pain; the proper dosage interval is that which sustains relief without causing toxicity."	( Acetylsalicylic acid and acetaminophen. Kacso, G; Terézhalmy, GT, 1994)	0.59
" 30 mg/kg/day paracetamol) is sufficient, corresponding to the dosage recommended by the French pharmacopoeia."	( Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in the neonate and infant after administration of propacetamol chlorhydrate. Autret, E; Breteau, M; Dutertre, JP; Furet, Y; Jonville, AP; Laugier, J, 1993)	0.29
" We examined urine and bile samples from Syrian golden hamsters after dosing with (2H4)acetaminophen (D4-APAP), with particular emphasis on the rich range of conjugated metabolites that are known to be produced."	( Application of high-performance liquid chromatography/chemical reaction interface mass spectrometry for the analysis of conjugated metabolites: a demonstration using deuterated acetaminophen. Abramson, F; Teffera, Y, 1994)	0.7
" After correction of recovery values using in vivo retrodialysis prior to dosing the animal, we obtained similar data as compared to conventional sampling techniques."	( Application of microdialysis to the pharmacokinetics of analgesics: problems with reduction of dialysis efficiency in vivo. Brune, K; Geisslinger, G; Sauernheimer, C; Williams, KM, 1994)	0.29
"01) but not with the weight of the control women, this suggests that weight gain might be used to determine the women in whom dosage adjustment is needed."	( Paracetamol pharmacokinetics during the first trimester of human pregnancy. Beaulac-Baillargeon, L; Rocheleau, S, 1994)	0.29
" The prescribed and administered mean dosages were less than the minimum recommended dosage for morphine."	( Postoperative pain management in preverbal children: the prescription and administration of analgesics with and without caudal analgesia. Altimier, L; Dick, MJ; Holditch-Davis, D; Lawless, S; Norwood, S, 1994)	0.29
" Oral temperature was measured before dosing and then every 4 h until apyrexia."	( Antipyretic efficacy of indomethacin and acetaminophen in uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Looareesuwan, S; Wilairatana, P, 1994)	0.55
" The dosage usually applied in France ranges from 20 to 30 mg/kg/d, which is low and probably with little efficiency in many cases."	( [Paracetamol and other antipyretic analgesics: optimal doses in pediatrics]. Stamm, D, 1994)	0.29
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dose-response of paracetamol and to assess its plasma concentration-effect relationship."	( [Which analgesic dosage of paracetamol?]. Collart, L; Dayer, P; Desmeules, JA; Piguet, V, 1994)	0.29
" It is concluded that at the dosage used omeprazole does not increase the rate of oxidative and conjugative reactions involved in the metabolism of phenacetin and paracetamol respectively."	( Omeprazole does not enhance the metabolism of phenacetin, a marker of CYP1A2 activity, in healthy volunteers. Bartoli, A; Cipolla, G; Crema, F; Gatti, G; Perucca, E; Xiaodong, S, 1994)	0.29
" With some dosing regimens, PTX-treated animals proved to be slightly more susceptible to AAP, which may be related to the reported potentiation of the cytotoxicities of a number of alkylating anti-cancer drugs by PTX and other methylxanthines."	( Investigation of possible mechanisms of hepatic swelling and necrosis caused by acetaminophen in mice. Benzick, AE; Hansen, TN; Montgomery, CA; Smith, CV; Welty, SE, 1993)	0.51
" It is not clear why regular dosing with paracetamol in haemodialysis patients did not cause the accumulation of paracetamol glucuronide or sulphate as predicted."	( The disposition of paracetamol and its conjugates during multiple dosing in patients with end-stage renal failure maintained on haemodialysis. Martin, U; Prescott, LF; Temple, RM; Winney, RJ, 1993)	0.29
" While complete acetaminophen release occurred in 25 min from Starch 1500 tablets, the drug dissolution time from Preflo starch tablets varied from 4 to 12 hr, indicating a potential use for some of these starches in solid oral modified-release dosage forms."	( Evaluation of Preflo modified starches as new direct compression excipients. I. Tabletting characteristics. Collins, CC; Sanghvi, PP; Shukla, AJ, 1993)	0.63
" The experimental group received a standard dosage of oral postoperative corticosteroids."	( Arthroscopy of the knee. Ten-day pain profiles and corticosteroids. Highgenboten, CL; Jackson, AW; Meske, NB, )	0.13
" This unusually high concentration of 5OXP in the urine and its prevention by methionine indicates that chronic high level paracetamol dosing leads to severe depletion of sulphur-containing amino acids including cysteine with consequent disruption of the glutathione cycle."	( Induction of 5-oxoprolinuria in the rat following chronic feeding with N-acetyl 4-aminophenol (paracetamol). Beales, D; Ghauri, FY; McLean, AE; Nicholson, JK; Wilson, ID, 1993)	0.29
" Second, dose-response relationships for phenylpropanolamine and acetaminophen were such that increased toxicity was observed only when the interaction was sufficient to lower hepatic glutathione concentrations below a level regarded as critical in preventing acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity."	( Phenylpropanolamine potentiation of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity: evidence for a glutathione-dependent mechanism. Harbison, RD; James, RC; Roberts, SM, 1993)	0.8
" Since the therapeutic concentrations of acetaminophen in man range approximately from 50 to 150 microM, the results of this study indicate that stimulation of myeloperoxidase activity is achieved within the safe dosage of the drug."	( Interaction of acetaminophen with myeloperoxidase intermediates: optimum stimulation of enzyme activity. Dunford, HB; Marquez, LA, 1993)	0.9
"To determine the renovascular effects of nonprescription ibuprofen in the maximum labeled over-the-counter (OTC) dosage for 7 days, and to compare these effects with those of two other available OTC analgesics, aspirin and acetaminophen, we evaluated 25 elderly patients with mild thiazide-treated hypertension and mild renal insufficiency."	( Renovascular effects of nonprescription ibuprofen in elderly hypertensive patients with mild renal impairment. Furey, SA; McMahon, FG; Vargas, R, )	0.32
" In the initial 3-week dose-response study, as the daily dose of VA increased so did the degree of potentiation of CCl4 hepatotoxicity."	( Characterization of vitamin A potentiation of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Earnest, DL; elSisi, AE; Hall, P; Sim, WL; Sipes, IG, 1993)	0.29
" Studies of the relationship between genotoxicity and toxic effects in the rat (induction of micronuclei in rat bone marrow including dose-response relationship, biotransformation of paracetamol at different dosages, concomitant toxicity and biochemical markers) have recently been completed."	( Series: current issues in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, No. 65. The genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of paracetamol: a regulatory (re)view. Bergman, K; Müller, L; Teigen, SW, 1996)	0.29
"The purpose of this trial was to compare the pharmacokinetics of the two available acetaminophen dosage forms in simulated human overdose."	( Pharmacokinetics of extended relief vs regular release Tylenol in simulated human overdose. Goldfrank, L; Hoffman, RS; Howland, MA; Kaplan, L; Rees, S; Stork, CM, 1996)	0.52
" Therapy should be initiated in all settings with the lowest possible dosage since the incidence of the major AEs is dose related."	( Nonrenal toxicities of acetaminophen, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Matzke, GR, 1996)	0.6
" There are three main reasons for measuring drugs: to test patient compliance, to ensure that dosage is high enough to have therapeutic effect but sufficiently low to avoid toxicity and, finally, to identify drugs taken during deliberate or accidental overdose."	( Measurement of aspirin and paracetamol metabolites. Higgins, C, )	0.13
" The results of the eight drugs revealed that ciliary movement is frequently affected by many drugs and, therefore, care must be taken in developing any nasal dosage form to ensure its least ciliotoxicity."	( [Toxicity of drugs on nasal mucocilia and the method of its evaluation]. Cui, JB; Fang, XL; Jiang, XG; Wei, Y; Xi, NZ, 1995)	0.29
" Follow-up by the certified Regional Poison Information Center at 1-3 w post-discharge determined dosing compliance to be 83%."	( Outpatient N-acetylcysteine treatment for acetaminophen poisoning: an ethical dilemma or a new financial mandate? Bricker, JD; Dean, BS; Krenzelok, EP, 1996)	0.56
" Dipyrone, administered for 2 weeks, has effects on the gastric and duodenal mucosa comparable to those of paracetamol and placebo, though noticeable damage is detectable at a dosage of 3 g/day."	( Endoscopic assessment of the effects of dipyrone (metamizol) in comparison to paracetamol and placebo on the gastric and duodenal mucosa of healthy adult volunteers. Ardizzone, S; Bianchi Porro, G; Caruso, I; Montrone, F; Petrillo, M, 1996)	0.29
" Outcome variables included overall pain scores (AUC(0,360 min), maximum pain relief, pain relief at 1 h after dosage and the number of patients taking escape analgesics."	( The efficacy of ketoprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) in postoperative pain after third molar surgery. Hawkesford, JE; Kelly, PJ; Seymour, RA, 1996)	0.56
" This was accompanied by elevated biliary APAP-GSH content in CFB-pretreated mice at 2 hr after APAP dosing with diminished levels in bile at 12 hr."	( Protection by clofibrate against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in male CD-1 mice is associated with an early increase in biliary concentration of acetaminophen-glutathione adducts. Cohen, SD; Hoivik, DJ; Khairallah, EA; Manautou, JE; Tveit, A, 1996)	0.58
" These results will suggest that with repeated dosing of AAP special care must be taken in schistosomal patients since the elimination of AAP from plasma is remarkably reduced."	( Acetaminophen plasma level after oral administration in liver cirrhotic patients suffering from schistosomal infection. el-Azab, G; Higashi, Y; Murakami, T; Yata, N; Youssef, MK, 1996)	1.74
"The pharmacokinetics and tolerability of two dosage forms for rectal administration of paracetamol were compared."	( Rectal administration of paracetamol: a comparison of a solution and suppositories in adult volunteers. Driessen, FG; Goldhoorn, PB; Kollöffel, WJ, 1996)	0.29
" The average dosage administered per day represented only 76% of the recommended dosage."	( Assessment of nurses' judgement for analgesic requirements of postoperative children. Rømsing, J, 1996)	0.29
" Plasma concentrations were measured in four additional animals of all high dose groups after the last dosing at seven time points."	( Studies on the chronic oral toxicity of an analgesic drug combination consisting of acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol and caffeine in rats including an electron microscopical evaluation of kidneys. Bauer, E; Bauer, M; Greischel, A; Hirsch, U; Lehmann, H; Schmid, J; Schneider, P, 1996)	0.29
" There are no dosing guidelines for paracetamol use in children under 1 month of age."	( Paracetamol prescribing habits in a children's hospital. Anderson, B; Anderson, M; Hastie, B, 1996)	0.29
" Similarly, more practitioners either did not use or did not know safe dosing schedules in children 3 months and younger."	( Paracetamol prescribing habits in a children's hospital. Anderson, B; Anderson, M; Hastie, B, 1996)	0.29
"Many medical staff were unsure of current safe dosing regimens, particularly in the younger age groups."	( Paracetamol prescribing habits in a children's hospital. Anderson, B; Anderson, M; Hastie, B, 1996)	0.29
"This study examined the effects of mechanical destructive forces on drug release from controlled release (CR) multiple unit dosage forms in vitro and in vivo and their colonic release, using two CR granules of acetaminophen, AG and BG, which differed in hardness (AG was hard and BG was soft), but which did not depend on agitation speed or pH for their release."	( Effect of destruction force on drug release from multiple unit controlled release dosage forms in humans. Aoyagi, N; Katori, N; Kojima, S; Ma, WS, 1996)	0.48
" To identify the arylated proteins CD-1 mice were administered 600 mg/kg APAP and Western blots of mitochondrial proteins collected 4 hr after dosing were probed with anti-APAP antibodies."	( Identification of a 54-kDa mitochondrial acetaminophen-binding protein as aldehyde dehydrogenase. Cohen, SD; Khairallah, EA; Landin, JS, 1996)	0.56
" Accuracy of antipyretic medication dosage was improved (chi-squared analysis, 13."	( Improving caretakers' knowledge of fever management in preschool children: is it possible? Kelly, L; Morin, K; Young, D, )	0.13
"05) dose-response relationship."	( Analgesic efficacy of paracetamol and its combination with codeine and caffeine in surgical pain--a meta-analysis. Li Wan Po, A; Zhang, WY, 1996)	0.29
" Combined UV, 1H NMR, and positive-ion electrospray MS detection was achieved in the continuous-flow mode using whole human urine from a subject dosed with acetaminophen."	( Combined HPLC, NMR spectroscopy, and ion-trap mass spectrometry with application to the detection and characterization of xenobiotic and endogenous metabolites in human urine. Foxall, PJ; Lindon, JC; Nicholson, JK; Shockcor, JP; Unger, SE; Wilson, ID, 1996)	0.49
" Tramadol showed a dose-response for analgesia in both postsurgical and dental pain patients."	( Single-patient data meta-analysis of 3453 postoperative patients: oral tramadol versus placebo, codeine and combination analgesics. McQuay, JH; Moore, AR, 1997)	0.3
" These findings suggest that onset of analgesia should be more rapid following dosing with soluble aspirin, a conclusion supported by comparative efficacy studies conducted with differing formulations of aspirin."	( Comparative bioavailability of aspirin and paracetamol following single dose administration of soluble and plain tablets. Muir, N; Nichols, JD; Stillings, MR; Sykes, J, 1997)	0.3
"5 mg/kg CyA/day and dosage was increased cautiously to 5 mg/kg/day or less if the serum creatinine rose by > or = 30% above baseline."	( Interaction between cyclosporin A and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Baker, P; Bensen, W; Gent, M; Grace, E; Ludwin, D; Roberts, R; Tugwell, P, 1997)	0.3
" Tablets "Paravit" have mark, which allows exact dosing for children of different age."	( [The physiological properties of the action of a new analgesic and antipyretic preparation]. Chernykh, VP; Shapovalova, VO, 1997)	0.3
"To evaluate caregiver (parent or guardian) use of over-the-counter medications (OTCs) as related to the accuracy and correctness of dosing for children seen at a pediatric emergency department with nonemergent concerns."	( Over-the-counter medications. Do parents give what they intend to give? Simon, HK; Weinkle, DA, 1997)	0.3
" During the dosing scenario, only 40% of the caregivers stated an appropriate dose for their child and only 67% accurately measured the amount of acetaminophen they intended."	( Over-the-counter medications. Do parents give what they intend to give? Simon, HK; Weinkle, DA, 1997)	0.5
"Although a large number of caregivers administer OTCs, knowledge of these medications, and accuracy and correctness of dosing remain a marked concern."	( Over-the-counter medications. Do parents give what they intend to give? Simon, HK; Weinkle, DA, 1997)	0.3
" At therapeutic dosage levels the drug is relatively non-toxic."	( Determination of paracetamol in pure form and in dosage forms using N,N-dibromo dimethylhydantoin. Kumar, KG; Letha, R, 1997)	0.3
" The dose-response curves were first obtained for each drug alone."	( Isobolographic analysis of interactions between intravenous morphine, propacetamol, and diclofenac in carrageenin-injected rats. Benoist, JM; Fletcher, D; Gautron, M; Guilbaud, G, 1997)	0.3
" Pelliculation frequently differs in soft shell capsules from hard shell capsules because of the larger mass of gelatin in the softshell dosage form."	( Dissolution testing of soft shell capsules-acetaminophen and nifedipine. Bottom, CB; Carstensen, JT; Clark, M, 1997)	0.56
"A pharmacokinetic dynamic simulation model was used to predict rectal paracetamol dosing schedules which would maintain steady state plasma concentrations of 10-20 mg."	( Rectal paracetamol dosing regimens: determination by computer simulation. Anderson, BJ; Holford, NH, 1997)	0.3
" They were found fairly potent in rat tail flick and mouse phenylquinone writhing assays but the dose-response curves were rather shallow as compared to that of morphine."	( Apparent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of GYKI 52466. Kedves, R; Máté, I; Székely, JI; Tarnawa, I; Török, K, 1997)	0.3
" Male Sprague-Dawley rats were each dosed with either phenacetin or phenacetin-C2H3 at 50 mg kg-1."	( NMR spectroscopic studies on the metabolism and futile deacetylation of phenacetin in the rat. Caddick, S; Farrant, RD; Lindon, JC; Nicholls, AW; Nicholson, JK; Wilson, ID, 1997)	0.3
") After initiating morphine or making any change of dose or route of administration, the dosage should be evaluated after approximately 24 hours."	( The management of chronic pain in patients with breast cancer. The Steering Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Care and Treatment of Breast Cancer. Canadian Society of Palliative Care Physicians. Canadian Association of Radiation Oncologist , 1998)	0.3
" However, smaller doses provided less effective pain relief, and a linear dose-response relationship was demonstrated."	( The dose-response relationship of ketorolac as a component of intravenous regional anesthesia with lidocaine. Gardner, G; Reuben, SS; Steinberg, RB, 1998)	0.3
"5 days of dosing were used to detect newly occurring hemorrhages and erosions."	( Clinical endoscopic evaluation of the gastroduodenal tolerance to (R)- ketoprofen, (R)- flurbiprofen, racemic ketoprofen, and paracetamol: a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Caubet, JF; Handley, DA; Jerussi, TP; McCray, JE, 1998)	0.3
" Repair of both strands in the UNG gene was consistently lower in the presence of paracetamol, but this reduction reached significance only at 8 h after irradiation and no dose-response was observed."	( Paracetamol increases sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, delays repair of the UNG-gene and recovery of RNA synthesis in HaCaT cells. Aas, PA; Alm, B; Krokan, HE; Skjelbred, C; Skorpen, F, 1998)	0.3
"We have examined acetaminophen (paracetamol) dosing for outpatient management of posttonsillectomy pain in children."	( Examination of acetaminophen for outpatient management of postoperative pain in children. Harder, A; Hertel, S; Rasmussen, M; Rømsing, J, 1998)	0.99
" Comparison of the dose-response to APAP (200-1200 mg/kg) indicated that double-null animals were highly resistant to APAP-induced toxicity whereas the wild-type animals were sensitive."	( Protection against acetaminophen toxicity in CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 double-null mice. Bruno, MK; Buters, JT; Cohen, SD; Gonzalez, FJ; Lucas, AM; Stern, ST; Ward, JM; Zaher, H, 1998)	0.63
" The risk factors for the development of liver cell necrosis following ingestion of paracetamol in therapeutic dosage are discussed."	( [Severe hepatocellular damage after administration of paracetamol and chlorzoxazone in therapeutic dosage]. Krähenbühl, S; Kronenberg, A; Streuli, R; Zimmermann, A, 1998)	0.3
" Acetaminophen is a phenolic compound which produces a clear inhibitory dose-response curve with peroxynitrite in its range of clinical effectiveness."	( A new screening method to detect water-soluble antioxidants: acetaminophen (Tylenol) and other phenols react as antioxidants and destroy peroxynitrite-based luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Qazi, N; Sacks, M; Van Dyke, K, )	1.28
" In addition, the most current and efficacious dosage regimen for the rectal administration of acetaminophen (40."	( Blocks and other techniques pediatric surgeons can employ to reduce postoperative pain in pediatric patients. Broadman, LM, 1999)	0.52
" We propose that different "therapeutic" APAP dosing may be needed for those with underlying risk factors for hepatotoxicity."	( "The silent killer": chronic acetaminophen toxicity in a toddler. King, W; Nichols, M; Pershad, J, 1999)	0.59
" Dose-response relationships show that higher doses of ibuprofen may be particularly effective."	( Postoperative analgesia and vomiting, with special reference to day-case surgery: a systematic review. McQuay, HJ; Moore, RA, 1998)	0.3
" The study methods and the process used to resolve noncompliance with recommended dosing guidelines are presented below."	( Drug use evaluation of acetaminophen-containing products at a community hospital. Jablonski, HI; Vanantwerp, J; Ward, TS, 1992)	0.59
"5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after dosing to evaluate eight upper gastrointestinal symptoms, which were stomach pain, burning sensation, nausea, heartburn, gas, burping, indigestion and upset stomach."	( Subjective gastrointestinal tolerability of acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol after single dose treatment. Amin, D; Elfström, C; Grahnén, A; Loose, I; Nilsson, LG; Rolfsen, W, 1999)	0.3
"To investigate the pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and dose-response relation of a single rectal dose of paracetamol in preterm infants in two different age groups."	( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of rectally administered paracetamol in preterm neonates. Anand, KJ; Deinum, JT; Kuizenga, AJ; Okken, A; Quak, JM; Tibboel, D; van Dam, JG; van Lingen, RA, 1999)	0.3
" They are organized into four classes: specific pharmaceuticals, biologicals, pharmaceutical dosage forms, and chemicals."	( Delayed toxidromes. Bosse, GM; Matyunas, NJ, )	0.13
" The third group allows a precise dosage but is restricted to one molecule."	( [Critical analysis of different methods used for toxicology screening in emergency laboratory]. Berny, C; Besson, AS; Manchon, M; Mialon, A; Pechard, A, )	0.13
" The equipotent morphine dosage requirements were also not statistically different."	( Patient-controlled analgesia in postoperative cardiac surgery. Brush, B; Tsang, J, 1999)	0.3
"For solid dosage forms, a better understanding of the fundamental properties of the binders helps in developing better formulations and products."	( Investigating the fundamental effects of binders on pharmaceutical tablet performance. Barnum, PE; Guo, JH; Harcum, WW; Joneja, SK; Skinner, GW, 1999)	0.3
"A method is presented for the direct determination of mephenoxalone and acetaminophen in combined pharmaceutical dosage forms without prior separation."	( Application of derivative-differential UV spectrophotometry and ratio derivative spectrophotometric determination of mephenoxalone and acetaminophen in combined tablet preparation. Erk, N, 1999)	0.74
"The primary purpose of the study was to examine the absorption of acetaminophen by measuring serum and saliva concentrations produced by a standard postoperative acetaminophen dosing regimen and secondary to examine the correlation between saliva and serum concentrations of acetaminophen after rectal and oral dosing."	( High-dose rectal and oral acetaminophen in postoperative patients--serum and saliva concentrations. Hahn, TW; Lund, C; Mogensen, T; Rasmussen, M; Schouenborg, L, 2000)	0.84
"At 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after rectal dosing the saliva concentrations (mean+/-SD) were 15."	( High-dose rectal and oral acetaminophen in postoperative patients--serum and saliva concentrations. Hahn, TW; Lund, C; Mogensen, T; Rasmussen, M; Schouenborg, L, 2000)	0.61
" Forty-three percent of the parents administered the recommended dosage (10-20 mg/kg), whereas 24."	( Parental knowledge of the treatment of fever in children. Barzilai, A; Davidovitch, N; Eisen, I; Kaplan, G; Linder, N; Sirota, L; Snapir, A, 1999)	0.3
" It is considered one of the most important quality control tests performed on pharmaceutical dosage forms, and validation of dissolution methods is an important part of good manufacturing practices (GMP)."	( Validation of tablet dissolution method by high-performance liquid chromatography. Dluzneski, PR; Guo, JH; Harcum, WW; Skinner, GW; Trumbull, DE, 2000)	0.31
" Animals were dosed with either phenacetin or phenacetin-C2H3 and urine samples were collected for -24-0 (pre-dosing), 0-8."	( Directly-coupled HPLC-NMR spectroscopic studies of metabolism and futile deacetylation of phenacetin in the rat. Farrant, RD; Lindon, JC; Nicholls, AW; Nicholson, JK; Shockcor, JP; Wilson, ID, 1999)	0.3
" As is true for most all potentially beneficial medicines used in pediatrics, awareness of the actual amount of drug received from all sources and caution to not exceed the age-appropriate dosing guidelines (i."	( Acetaminophen intoxication during treatment: what you don't know can hurt you. Kearns, GL; Leeder, JS; Wasserman, GS, 2000)	1.75
" In this study, nine different paracetamol tablet dosage forms available on the Turkish Drug Market have been investigated and physical controls were realized."	( Comparative dissolution testing of paracetamol commercial tablet dosage forms. Ozalp, Y; Ozkan, SA; Ozkan, Y; Savaşer, A, )	0.13
" The mutual interferences of the compounds in the mixtures and the electroactive compounds in the pharmaceutical dosage forms, especially effervescent ones, also made the object of the research."	( The development of spectrophotometric and electroanalytical methods for ascorbic acid and acetaminophen and their applications in the analysis of effervescent dosage forms. Mirel, S; Oprean, R; Săndulescu, R, 2000)	0.53
"Repeated dosing of acetaminophen (paracetamol) to rats is reported to decrease their sensitivity to its hepatotoxic effects, which are associated with oxidative stress and glutathione depletion."	( Repeated acetaminophen dosing in rats: adaptation of hepatic antioxidant system. Birmingham, JM; Bugelski, PJ; Elcock, F; Greenhill, RW; O'Brien, PJ; Slaughter, MR; Swain, A, 2000)	1.05
" A combination of opioids, NSAIDs and paracetamol in order to relieve pain allows both for a significant reduction in the dosage of respective drugs, fewer side effects and an improved pain relief."	( [Pharmacotherapy of postoperative pain]. Cieniawa, T; Dobrogowski, J; Przeklasa-Muszyńska, A; Wordliczek, J, 2000)	0.31
" This dosage of paracetamol is lower than the current recommended dosage, which is 40 mg kg(-1) loading dose followed by 20 mg kg(-1) 8 h(-1)."	( Double-blind randomized study of tramadol vs. paracetamol in analgesia after day-case tonsillectomy in children. Dort, JP; Pendeville, PE; Veyckemans, F; Von Montigny, S, 2000)	0.31
" There was no evidence of accumulation leading to supratherapeutic concentrations during this dosing schedule for a mean of approximately 2-3 days."	( Pharmacokinetics of rectal paracetamol after repeated dosing in children. Eriksen, K; Hahn, TW; Henneberg, SW; Holm-Knudsen, RJ; Rasmussen, M; Rasmussen, SN, 2000)	0.31
"An accurate HPLC determination of acetaminophen in tablet dosage form is reported, together with an effective separation of five of its para-substituted derivatives using an isocratic reversed-phase system."	( A quantitative and qualitative high performance liquid chromatographic determination of acetaminophen and five of its para-substituted derivatives. Sakhnini, N; Shervington, LA, 2000)	0.81
"The headache response rate 2 hours after dosing was 57."	( Efficacy and safety of acetaminophen in the treatment of migraine: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, population-based study. Baggish, JS; Codispoti, JR; Fu, M; Lipton, RB; Stewart, WF, )	0.44
" We sought to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for inaccurate dosing by parents seeking care for their children in the emergency department (ED)."	( Acetaminophen and ibuprofen dosing by parents. Crain, EF; Lacher, B; Li, SF, 2000)	1.75
" Caregivers were asked about quantity and frequency of antipyretic use prior to the ED visit, the source of information used to determine dosage, and which factor (eg, age, sex, height, weight, height of fever, severity of illness) they considered most important in determining the correct dosage of medication."	( Acetaminophen and ibuprofen dosing by parents. Crain, EF; Lacher, B; Li, SF, 2000)	1.75
" Caregivers who reported that antipyretic dosage was based on weight were less likely to misdose medication, suggesting a valuable role for patient education."	( Acetaminophen and ibuprofen dosing by parents. Crain, EF; Lacher, B; Li, SF, 2000)	1.75
" Most studies have focused on the administration of one single paracetamol dose, and the problem of cumulative toxicity with repeated dosing has not been addressed."	( Treatment with paracetamol in infants. Arana, A; Hansen, TG; Morton, NS, 2001)	0.31
"The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of paracetamol differ substantially in neonates and infants from those in older children and adults; hence, dosing should be adjusted accordingly."	( Treatment with paracetamol in infants. Arana, A; Hansen, TG; Morton, NS, 2001)	0.31
" In conclusion, the long half-life and excellent safety profile of telmisartan were unaffected by concurrent acetaminophen or ibuprofen medication; thus, once-daily dosing of telmisartan can be maintained, which may help to optimize patient compliance, and patients may self-administer concomitant acetaminophen or ibuprofen."	( Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen and ibuprofen when coadministered with telmisartan in healthy volunteers. Fraunhofer, A; Stangier, J; Su, CA; Tetzloff, W, 2000)	0.84
"To determine whether multiple dosing of acetaminophen would result in drug accumulation in polymedicated elderly patients with rheumatic pain."	( Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in polymedicated very old patients with rheumatic pain. Bannwarth, B; Lagrange, F; Le Bars, M; Matoga, M; Maury, S; Palisson, M; Pehourcq, F, 2001)	0.84
"No drug accumulation occurred during multiple dosing with acetaminophen in these very old subjects."	( Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in polymedicated very old patients with rheumatic pain. Bannwarth, B; Lagrange, F; Le Bars, M; Matoga, M; Maury, S; Palisson, M; Pehourcq, F, 2001)	0.81
" ICG significantly decreased the bile flow rate and biliary concentration of APAP-glutathione, APAP-glucuronide and APAP-mercapturate within the first hour after dosing without affecting the biliary concentration of APAP."	( Effects of clofibrate and indocyanine green on the hepatobiliary disposition of acetaminophen and its metabolites in male CD-1 mice. Chen, C; Hennig, GE; Manautou, JE; McCann, DJ, 2000)	0.53
" The result was supported a rational dose-response relationship for different doses of paracetamol and codeine in 17 additional trials with 1,195 patients."	( Using evidence from different sources: an example using paracetamol 1000 mg plus codeine 60 mg. Gavaghan, D; McQuay, HJ; Moore, RA; Smith, LA, 2001)	0.31
" To investigate this, groups of overnight-fasted male CD-1 mice received 30 micromol ICG/kg, intravenously, immediately prior to APAP dosing (500 mg/kg, ip)."	( Changes in susceptibility to acetaminophen-induced liver injury by the organic anion indocyanine green. Chen, C; Hennig, GE; Manautou, JE; Silva, VM; Whiteley, HE, 2001)	0.6
" The dosage of paracetamol must take into account the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug in children."	( Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol in children. Camu, F; Van de Velde, A; Vanlersberghe, C, 2001)	0.31
" In contrast, non-NSAID analgesics, such as paracetamol or tramadol, have essentially no renal or related cardiovascular side effects when used at recommended dosing schedules."	( Renal and related cardiovascular effects of conventional and COX-2-specific NSAIDs and non-NSAID analgesics. Whelton, A, 2000)	0.31
" In summary, all methodologically sound studies available indicate that therapeutic dosing of paracetamol to the alcoholic patient is not associated with hepatic injury."	( Treatment of pain or fever with paracetamol (acetaminophen) in the alcoholic patient: a systematic review. Dart, RC; Kuffner, EK; Rumack, BH, 2000)	0.57
" immediately after paracetamol overdose (T0) and 6 h after dosing (T6) and those administered S-adenosyl-L-methionine at doses of 20 mg/kg (0."	( Effect of different doses of S-adenosyl-L-methionine on paracetamol hepatotoxicity in a mouse model. Carrasco, R; Caturla, J; Esteban, A; Gutiérrez, A; Mayol, MJ; Ortiz, P; Pérez-Mateo, M, 2000)	0.31
"To compare the hepatic and renal safety profiles of two daily dosage regimens of paracetamol (acetaminophen) (3 g versus 4 g) in patients with painful chronic rheumatoid diseases."	( [Liver and renal tolerance to paracetamol: 3 g or 4 g per day?]. Ganry, H; Pruvot, F; Schmidely, N; Vesque, D, 2001)	0.53
" Using the decision tree method, daily dosage of paracetamol (3 g or 4 g) was never identified as a discriminating variable capable of explaining the occurrence of hepatorenal adverse events."	( [Liver and renal tolerance to paracetamol: 3 g or 4 g per day?]. Ganry, H; Pruvot, F; Schmidely, N; Vesque, D, 2001)	0.31
" They also assessed their dosing regimen by determining the fraction of time each individual maintained the target concentration."	( Initial and subsequent dosing of rectal acetaminophen in children: a 24-hour pharmacokinetic study of new dose recommendations. Birmingham, PK; Coté, CJ; Fisher, DM; Hall, SC; Henthorn, TK; Tobin, MJ, 2001)	0.58
" The highest serum concentration with initial or subsequent dosing was 38."	( Initial and subsequent dosing of rectal acetaminophen in children: a 24-hour pharmacokinetic study of new dose recommendations. Birmingham, PK; Coté, CJ; Fisher, DM; Hall, SC; Henthorn, TK; Tobin, MJ, 2001)	0.58
"The moist granulation technique (MGT), which involves agglomeration and moisture absorption, has only been applied to immediate-release dosage forms."	( Use of a moist granulation technique (MGT) to develop controlled-release dosage forms of acetaminophen. Railkar, AM; Schwartz, JB, 2001)	0.53
" No effect of therapeutic dosage of acetaminophen on the accuracy of the glucose readings was found."	( Effect of acetaminophen on the accuracy of glucose measurements obtained with the GlucoWatch biographer. Ackerman, NR; Fermi, SJ; Garg, S; Kennedy, J; Lopatin, M; Potts, RO; Tamada, JA; Tierney, MJ, 2000)	0.98
" These derivatives represent a novel generation of pharmaceutical excipients, recommended for high loading dosage formulations."	( Cross-linked high amylose starch derivatives as matrices for controlled release of high drug loadings. Ispas-Szabo, P; Lenaerts, V; Mateescu, MA; Mulhbacher, J, 2001)	0.31
"The permeabilities of mixed films of pectin/chitosan/HPMC have been studied to assess their value in producing a dosage form with biphasic drug release characteristics."	( Biphasic drug release: the permeability of films containing pectin, chitosan and HPMC. Fell, JT; Ofori-Kwakye, K, 2001)	0.31
" We explore the toxicities of OTC cough and cold medications, discuss mechanisms of dosing errors, and suggest why physicians should be more vigilant in specifically inquiring about OTCs when evaluating an ill child."	( Toxicity of over-the-counter cough and cold medications. Gunn, VL; Liebelt, EL; Serwint, JR; Taha, SH, 2001)	0.31
" The specific objectives of research are to identify physiologic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic changes in space; to develop simple, reliable, non-invasive, safe and effective acute and sustained-release dosage forms and regimens for pharmacological interventions in space; and to create and maintain a comprehensive space PK-PD and therapeutics database."	( Pharmacotherapeutics in space. Putcha, L, 1999)	0.3
"To determine if hepatic injury was associated with maximal therapeutic dosing of acetaminophen to chronic alcohol abuse patients immediately following cessation of alcohol intake (the presumed time of maximal vulnerability)."	( Effect of maximal daily doses of acetaminophen on the liver of alcoholic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Bogdan, GM; Casper, E; Dart, RC; Darton, L; Hill, RE; Kuffner, EK, 2001)	0.82
" Less frequently, acetaminophen toxicity is attributable to unintended inappropriate dosing or the failure to recognize children at increased risk in whom standard acetaminophen doses have been administered."	( Acetaminophen toxicity in children. , 2001)	2.09
" Mice, either with a human bcl-2 transgene (-/+) or wild-type mice (WT; -/-), were dosed with 500 or 600 mg/kg (i."	( Enhanced acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in transgenic mice overexpressing BCL-2. Adams, ML; Bruschi, SA; Fausto, N; Kavanagh, TJ; Nelson, SD; Pierce, RH; Tonge, RP; Vail, ME; White, CC, 2001)	0.73
" This article will address the safety and efficacy of acetaminophen, aspirin, and ibuprofen independently and in combination with currently available prescription dosage forms with a focus on pharmacology, pharmacotherapeutics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics, including drug interactions at the CYP450 system."	( Acetaminophen, aspirin, or Ibuprofen in combination analgesic products. Barkin, RL, )	1.82
" We have examined prospectively in routine clinical practice the concentrations of intravenous infusions of a drug (acetylcysteine) which is given according to a complicated dosing schedule."	( Random and systematic medication errors in routine clinical practice: a multicentre study of infusions, using acetylcysteine as an example. Anton, C; Bateman, DN; Ferner, RE; Hutchings, A; Langford, NJ; Routledge, PA, 2001)	0.31
"Our data suggest that there is large random variation in administered dosage of intravenous infusions."	( Random and systematic medication errors in routine clinical practice: a multicentre study of infusions, using acetylcysteine as an example. Anton, C; Bateman, DN; Ferner, RE; Hutchings, A; Langford, NJ; Routledge, PA, 2001)	0.31
"According to the degree of importance to the combined analgesic effect, Ace > Caf > Bul; Ace showed a significant dose-response relationship, whereas in Caf and Bul, this relationship was not apparent."	( Quantitative design of optimal analgesic combination of acetaminophen, caffeine, and butalbital. Gui, CQ; Sun, RY; Wang, XW; Zheng, QS, 2001)	0.56
" OTC NSAID users should be carefully advised as to recommended dose, and all patients should be reminded to stay within the dosing limits regardless which OTC analgesic is used."	( The use and effect of analgesics in patients who regularly drink alcohol. Dart, RC, 2001)	0.31
"The in vitro dissolution and in vivo disposition of these formulations were examined by using a USP type III dissolution apparatus and a single-dose, three-way, crossover study that included an immediate-release acetaminophen dosage form, respectively."	( Predictive ability of level A in vitro-in vivo correlation for ringcap controlled-release acetaminophen tablets. Dalton, JT; Dickason, DA; Grandolfi, GP; Straughn, AB, 2001)	0.72
" The recommended dosing of the study medications was 1 tablet every 4 to 6 hours, not to exceed 5 tablets per day."	( Combination hydrocodone and ibuprofen versus combination oxycodone and acetaminophen in the treatment of moderate or severe acute low back pain. Dornseif, BE; Doyle, RT; Morris, E; Palangio, M; Valente, TJ, 2002)	0.55
" The proposed liquid chromatographic method was successfully applied to the analysis of commercially available paracetamol dosage forms with recoveries of 98-103%."	( Simultaneous LC determination of paracetamol and related compounds in pharmaceutical formulations using a carbon-based column. Darghouth, F; Monser, L, 2002)	0.31
" One study of single-dose administration of rectal paracetamol 40-60 mg kg(-1) and three studies of repeat dosing with 14-20 mg kg(-1) showed significant analgesic efficacy, while studies of a single dose of 10-20 mg kg(-1) were negative."	( Rectal and parenteral paracetamol, and paracetamol in combination with NSAIDs, for postoperative analgesia. Dahl, JB; Møiniche, S; Rømsing, J, 2002)	0.31
"A rapid, precise, and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol, phenylephrine HCI, and chlorpheniramine maleate in combined pharmaceutical dosage forms."	( Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of paracetamol, phenylephrine HCl, and chlorpheniramine maleate in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Ozden, T; Senyuva, H, 2002)	0.31
" Acetaminophen protein adducts were detected in liver and serum as early as 15 min after hepatotoxic dosing of acetaminophen to mice."	( Determination of acetaminophen-protein adducts in mouse liver and serum and human serum after hepatotoxic doses of acetaminophen using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Coop, L; Hendrickson, HP; Hinson, JA; James, LP; Mayeux, PR; McCullough, SS; Muldrew, KL, 2002)	1.56
"A recent case control study suggests that paracetamol at a dosage above 1300 mg/day increases the anticoagulant effects of warfarin."	( No clinically relevant drug interaction between paracetamol and phenprocoumon based on a pharmacoepidemiological cohort study in medical inpatients. Braunschweig, S; Fattinger, K; Frisullo, R; Masche, U; Meier, PJ; Roos, M, 2002)	0.31
"These results suggest that paracetamol co-administration at a dosage of 2000-2500 mg/day for 3 days has no clinically relevant effects on the anticoagulant effects of phenprocoumon."	( No clinically relevant drug interaction between paracetamol and phenprocoumon based on a pharmacoepidemiological cohort study in medical inpatients. Braunschweig, S; Fattinger, K; Frisullo, R; Masche, U; Meier, PJ; Roos, M, 2002)	0.31
" During repeated dosage with the specific COX-2 inhibitors, the 24 hour urinary excretion of sodium is only inhibited for the first day of treatment while the excretion of sodium is still decreased over the first 3 hours after the individual doses."	( Comparative analgesia, cardiovascular and renal effects of celecoxib, rofecoxib and acetaminophen (paracetamol). Day, RO; Graham, GG; Graham, RI, 2002)	0.54
" In practice, argatroban coadministered with these frequently prescribed drugs should require no dosage adjustments."	( Investigation of the interaction between argatroban and acetaminophen, lidocaine, or digoxin. DiCicco, RA; Graham, AM; Hursting, MJ; Inglis, AM; Sheth, SB; Tenero, DM, 2002)	0.56
"The aim of this study was to describe acetaminophen developmental pharmacokinetics in premature neonates through infancy to suggest age-appropriate dosing regimens."	( Acetaminophen developmental pharmacokinetics in premature neonates and infants: a pooled population analysis. Anderson, BJ; Hansen, TG; Holford, NH; Lin, YC; van Lingen, RA, 2002)	2.03
" However, if paracetamol is dosed according to traditional recommendations (about 20 mg/kg body weight) frequently a sufficient analgetic effect cannot be achieved immediately after painful interventions."	( [Paracetamol in childhood. Current state of knowledge and indications for a rational approach to postoperative analgesia]. Brambrink, AM; Mantzke, US, 2002)	0.31
" At a higher dose (1500 mg), free paracetamol excretion showed a minimum from dosing at 20."	( Circadian rhythms of paracetamol metabolism in healthy subjects; a preliminary report. Ngong, JM; Waring, RH, 1994)	0.29
" The developed method is rapid and sensitive and therefore suitable for routine control of these drugs in dosage form."	( HPLC assay of acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, caffeine and phenobarbital in tablets. Agbaba, D; Aleksic, M; Eric, S; Franeta, JT; Pavkov, S; Vladimirov, S, 2002)	0.31
" While usual dosing of acetaminophen is considered harmless, both acute and chronic overdoses can be fatal."	( Chronic acetaminophen toxicity: a case report and review of the literature. Belson, MG; Brown, DK; Lane, JE; Scheetz, A, 2002)	1.06
" This technique enables to display the path and the disintegration of the magnetic marked pharmaceutical dosage form via the decrease of its magnetic moment."	( Investigation of gastrointestinal transport by magnetic marker localization. Hartman, V; Kosch, O; Mönnikes, H; Osmanoglou, E; Strenzke, A; Trahms, L; Weitschies, W; Wiedenmann, B, 2002)	0.31
"To evaluate whether a dose-response curve exists for erythromycin, determine the lowest effective dose of erythromycin needed to improve gastric motility, and compare erythromycin's effectiveness with that of metoclopramide in improving gastric emptying."	( Erythromycin accelerates gastric emptying in a dose-response manner in healthy subjects. Boivin, MA; Carey, MC; Levy, H, 2003)	0.32
"Erythromycin increased gastric emptying in a dose-response manner."	( Erythromycin accelerates gastric emptying in a dose-response manner in healthy subjects. Boivin, MA; Carey, MC; Levy, H, 2003)	0.32
" The dosage forms best masking bitter taste showed good release of the drug, indicating little change in bioavailability by masking."	( Development of oral acetaminophen chewable tablets with inhibited bitter taste. Iwata, M; Machida, Y; Onishi, H; Suzuki, H; Takahashi, Y, 2003)	0.64
" We report a severely malnourished 53-year-old woman who developed severe hepatotoxicity whilst receiving paracetamol at recommended dosage (4 g daily) following a period of fasting, in the absence of enzyme-inducing agents."	( Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity at recommended dosage. Kurtovic, J; Riordan, SM, 2003)	0.32
" These findings suggest that potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, such as flunixin, may be useful alternatives to opioid-based agents for the control of acute postoperative pain associated with a minor surgical procedure and highlight the importance of assessing the risk-benefit ratio when selecting analgesics and dosing regimens."	( Evaluation of postoperative analgesia in a rat model of incisional pain. Martin, WJ; St A Stewart, L, 2003)	0.32
", mg/kg) appears to provide a more predictable dose-response relationship."	( Acetaminophen levels 4 and 7 hours after 2000 and 3000 mg single doses in healthy adults. Sato, RL; Sumida, SM; Wong, JJ; Yamamoto, LG, 2003)	1.76
"A dosage of rectal paracetamol 1000 mg four times daily is too low, as all displayed a suboptimal serum paracetamol concentration."	( Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effect of rectal paracetamol on morphine consumption after abdominal hysterectomy. Borchgrevink, PC; Dale, O; Hagen, L; Kvalsvik, O, 2003)	0.32
"A newly designed flow-through type dissolution test method (FT method) was applied to predict in vivo drug release behaviors in dogs of controlled-release multiple unit dosage forms."	( Prediction of in vivo drug release behavior of controlled-release multiple-unit dosage forms in dogs using a flow-through type dissolution test method. Ikegami, K; Kobayashi, M; Osawa, T; Tagawa, K, 2003)	0.32
" Presentation is similar to narcotic over dosage or poisoning."	( Accidental dextropropoxyphene poisoning. Hegde, SR; Karunakara, BP; Maiya, PP; Pradeep, GC, 2003)	0.32
"All prior analgesics were discontinued, and oxycodone/acetaminophen was dosed three times a day (TID), titrated to clinically meaningful pain relief."	( Effectiveness and safety of new oxycodone/acetaminophen formulations with reduced acetaminophen for the treatment of low back pain. Domingos, J; Galer, BS; Gammaitoni, AR; Lacouture, P; Schlagheck, T, 2003)	0.83
"The currently recommended dosing scheme for treating acetaminophen overdose in the United States consists of a loading dose of oral N-acetylcysteine 140 mg/kg, followed by 70 mg/kg every 4 hours for 17 doses, for a total of 72 hours of oral N-acetylcysteine therapy."	( Acetaminophen intoxication and length of treatment: how long is long enough? Kociancic, T; Reed, MD, 2003)	2.01
"Acetaminophen, a safe analgesic when dosed properly but hepatotoxic at overdoses, has been reported to induce DNA strand breaks but it is unclear whether this event preceeds hepatocyte toxicity or is only obvious in case of overt cytotoxicity."	( Antioxidants protect primary rat hepatocyte cultures against acetaminophen-induced DNA strand breaks but not against acetaminophen-induced cytotoxicity. El-Bahay, C; Hanelt, S; Kahl, R; Lewerenz, V; Nastevska, C; Röhrdanz, E, 2003)	2
"A flow injection method is proposed for the determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical dosage forms."	( Flow-injection spectrophotometric determination of paracetamol in tablets and oral solutions. Giglio, J; Knochen, M; Reis, BF, 2003)	0.32
" In therapeutic dosage of 6 to 12 mg."	( The sublingual administration of curare. MAYER, H; NEFF, WB, 1953)	0.23
"5 mg) vs paracetamol (500 mg) and placebo given in a flexible dosage regimen to treat pain resulting from extraction of impacted third molar teeth."	( Analgesic efficacy of low-dose diclofenac versus paracetamol and placebo in postoperative dental pain. Gold, MS; Ionescu, E; Kubitzek, F; Liu, JM; Ziegler, G, 2003)	0.32
" Given the low rates of events, at low or intermittent dosage without concurrent treatment, these 3 analgesics cannot be distinguished from each other or from background rates of serious GI toxicity."	( Rates of serious gastrointestinal events from low dose use of acetylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Bruce, B; Fries, JF, 2003)	0.54
" The drug's effect as well as adverse effects should be actively sought, and dosage alterations made in order to enhance the drug's effect."	( Introduction to monitoring. What is what you prescribed actually doing? George, A; Shakib, S, 2003)	0.32
" The maximum daily dosage is 4 g, consistent with the decline in analgesic activity, which is usually over 6 hours."	( [Pharmacologic basis for using paracetamol: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic issues]. Bannwarth, B; Péhourcq, F, 2003)	0.32
" Better dosage forms are also required for rectal administration."	( [New perspectives on paracetamol]. Prescott, LF, 2003)	0.32
"The quality and performance of a solid oral dosage form depends on the choice of the solid phase, the formulation design, and the manufacturing process."	( Phase transformation considerations during process development and manufacture of solid oral dosage forms. Law, D; Qiu, Y; Schmitt, EA; Zhang, GG, 2004)	0.32
" We report on a 12-month-old boy who presented with hepatotoxicity, disseminated intravascular coagulation and persistent renal insufficiency 4 days after repeated ingestion of a supratherapeutic dosage of paracetamol."	( Hepatotoxicity and persistent renal insufficiency after repeated supratherapeutic paracetamol ingestion in a Chinese boy. Fu, YM; Kwok, KL; Ng, DK, 2004)	0.32
" The RP-HPLC method was done for the determination of paracetamol, caffeine and propyphenazone in a multicomponent pharmaceutical dosage form."	( Optimization of the RP-HPLC method for multicomponent analgetic drug determination. Ivanovic, D; Jancic, B; Malenovic, A; Medenica, M; Misljenovic, Dj, 2003)	0.32
"Gene chip array (Affymetrix) data from liver tissue and high resolution 1H NMR spectra from intact liver tissue, tissue extracts and plasma have been analyzed to identify biochemical changes arising from hepatotoxicity in mice dosed with acetaminophen."	( Integrated application of transcriptomics and metabonomics yields new insight into the toxicity due to paracetamol in the mouse. Coen, M; Lenz, EM; Lindon, JC; Nicholson, JK; Pognan, F; Ruepp, SU; Wilson, ID, 2004)	0.51
"The aim of this study was to describe propacetamol pharmacokinetics in term and preterm neonates to suggest dosing regimens."	( Intravenous paracetamol (propacetamol) pharmacokinetics in term and preterm neonates. Allegaert, K; Anderson, BJ; de Hoon, J; Debeer, A; Devlieger, H; Naulaers, G; Tibboel, D; Verbesselt, R, 2004)	0.32
"Eudragit RL (ERL) and RS (ERS) are polymethacrylate co-polymers, used in film coating of sustained release dosage forms, possessing some hydrophilic properties due to the presence of quaternary ammonium groups (QAG), where ERL contains more of such groups, hence more permeable, than ERS."	( Lactic acid-induced modifications in films of Eudragit RL and RS aqueous dispersions. Abd-Elbary, A; El-Samaligy, M; Omari, DM; Sallam, A, 2004)	0.32
" Adding charcoal to the model overcame the suggested beneficial effect of CCK alone in the dosing arm."	( The use of cholecystokinin as an adjunctive treatment for toxin ingestion. Hofbauer, RD; Holger, JS, 2004)	0.32
"The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the potential of a dynamic, multicompartmental in vitro system simulating the human stomach and small intestine (TIM-1) for studying the behavior of oral drug dosage forms under various physiological gastrointestinal conditions."	( A dynamic artificial gastrointestinal system for studying the behavior of orally administered drug dosage forms under various physiological conditions. Alric, M; Beyssac, E; Blanquet, S; Denis, S; Havenaar, R; Meunier, JP; Zeijdner, E, 2004)	0.32
" The availability for absorption of paracetamol from two oral dosage forms was investigated by measuring the drug concentration in jejunal dialysis fluid."	( A dynamic artificial gastrointestinal system for studying the behavior of orally administered drug dosage forms under various physiological conditions. Alric, M; Beyssac, E; Blanquet, S; Denis, S; Havenaar, R; Meunier, JP; Zeijdner, E, 2004)	0.32
" The practical benefit of these simulations is to optimize the geometry and dimensions of a controlled release device and reduce the number of experiments involved in the development of new controlled release dosage forms."	( An investigation into the factors influencing drug release from hydrophilic matrix tablets based on novel carbomer polymers. Durić, Z; Ibrić, S; Jovanović, M; Parojcić, J, )	0.13
"Several descriptions of acetaminophen-associated liver injury caused by therapeutic or a dosage slightly above the recommended dosage have been described."	( Silent acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in febrile children: does this entity exist? Jaffe, M; Maor, I; Novikov, J; Shaoul, R, 2004)	1.09
"(1) To correlate serum acetaminophen levels in febrile infants and children with the following parameters: aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, fever, vomiting and/or decreased caloric intake; and (2) to assess parental knowledge regarding the medication dosage and hazards of acetaminophen."	( Silent acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in febrile children: does this entity exist? Jaffe, M; Maor, I; Novikov, J; Shaoul, R, 2004)	1.09
"To introduce a simple method of dosing over-the-counter medication in a home setting using a color-coding concept and to compare dosing deviation from recommended dosage using the color-coded method with dosing deviation using conventional package labeling."	( Evaluation of a method to reduce over-the-counter medication dosing error. Frush, KS; Higgins, JN; Hutchinson, P; Luo, X, 2004)	0.32
" One group used a conventional dosing method and the other group used a color-coded method to determine and measure a dose of acetaminophen for their child."	( Evaluation of a method to reduce over-the-counter medication dosing error. Frush, KS; Higgins, JN; Hutchinson, P; Luo, X, 2004)	0.53
"For both dose determination and dose measuring, percentage of deviation from recommended acetaminophen dosage was calculated and compared between the 2 groups."	( Evaluation of a method to reduce over-the-counter medication dosing error. Frush, KS; Higgins, JN; Hutchinson, P; Luo, X, 2004)	0.55
"7%) and median deviation (1% vs 0%) from recommended dosage were both higher for the group using conventional methods compared with the group using the color-coded method."	( Evaluation of a method to reduce over-the-counter medication dosing error. Frush, KS; Higgins, JN; Hutchinson, P; Luo, X, 2004)	0.32
" ATC) dosing of acetaminophen with codeine, with or without nurse coaching, compared to standard care with as needed (i."	( A randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of a scheduled oral analgesic dosing regimen for the management of postoperative pain in children following tonsillectomy. Holdridge-Zeuner, D; Lanier, B; Miaskowski, C; Paul, SM; Savedra, MC; Sutters, KA; Waite, S, 2004)	0.67
" As active ingredients may also change their solid-state form during formulation processing or storage and as this can adversely affect the final dosage performance, monitoring of pharmaceutical ingredients is essential for a 'right-first-time' philosophy within the industry."	( Applications of terahertz spectroscopy to pharmaceutical sciences. Taday, PF, 2004)	0.32
" Mean total pain relief and the sum of pain intensity difference were also similar in the early period after dosing (0-4 hours)."	( Onset of analgesia and analgesic efficacy of tramadol/acetaminophen and codeine/acetaminophen/ibuprofen in acute postoperative pain: a single-center, single-dose, randomized, active-controlled, parallel-group study in a dental surgery pain model. Cha, IH; Jung, YS; Kim, DK; Kim, HJ; Kim, MK; Lee, EW, 2004)	0.57
" Postoperatively the propacetamol dosage was repeated twice and diclofenac once on the ward."	( Propacetamol and diclofenac alone and in combination for analgesia after elective tonsillectomy. Hiller, A; Savolainen, S; Silvanto, M; Tarkkila, P, 2004)	0.32
"This was a prospective case series of consecutive patients aged 12 years and older with acetaminophen dosage greater than 4 g per 24 hours referred to our poison center."	( Prospective evaluation of repeated supratherapeutic acetaminophen (paracetamol) ingestion. Bogdan, GM; Daly, FF; Dart, RC; Heard, K; O'Malley, GF, 2004)	0.8
" These findings demonstrate the need for better education of parents about correct dosage of first-line malaria drugs, and for particular attention in the treatment of very young children."	( Community effectiveness of chloroquine and traditional remedies in the treatment of young children with falciparum malaria in rural Burkina Faso. Kouyate, B; Mueller, O; Razum, O; Traore, C, 2004)	0.32
"5 mg/kg of the study drug was injected and this dosage was added to the total amount."	( The postoperative analgesic effect of tramadol when used as subcutaneous local anesthetic. Altunkaya, H; Babuccu, O; Demirel, CB; Hosnuter, M; Kargi, E; Ozer, Y; Ozkocak, I, 2004)	0.32
"Experience with dose response and mechanisms of toxicity has shown that multiple mechanisms may exist for a single agent along the continuum of the full dose-response curve."	( Dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity: case studies. Andersen, ME; Bogdanffy, MS; Bus, JS; Cohen, SD; Conolly, RB; David, RM; Doerrer, NG; Dorman, DC; Gaylor, DW; Hattis, D; Rogers, JM; Setzer, RW; Slikker, W; Swenberg, JA; Wallace, K, 2004)	0.32
" Mice were dosed [vehicle, nontoxic APAP (1 mmol/kg), and toxic APAP (3."	( Time course toxicogenomic profiles in CD-1 mice after nontoxic and nonlethal hepatotoxic paracetamol administration. Brain, P; Garcia-Allan, C; Hanton, G; Johnston, GI; LeNet, JL; Park, BK; Provost, JP; Smith, DA; Walsh, R; Williams, DP, 2004)	0.32
" Fentanyl (in post-anesthesia care unit) and paracetamol (at home) were supplementary analgesics and the dosage was also recorded."	( [Comparison of preemptive analgesia efficacy between etoricoxib and rofecoxib in ambulatory gynecological surgery]. Liu, W; Loo, CC; Ren, HZ; Tan, HM; Ye, TH, 2004)	0.32
" Regarding possible risk factors 5 patients concomitantly ingested nephrotoxic substances, 4 presented with dehydration due to vomiting, 4 with chronic excessive dosing (overdose) of acetaminophen, 3 showed pre-existing renal insufficiency, 2 pre-existing liver disease and 2 died with multiple organ failure."	( Experiences of a poison center network with renal insufficiency in acetaminophen overdose: an analysis of 17 cases. Hengstler, JG; Hermanns-Clausen, M; Kaes, J; Koch, I; Lauterbach, M; von Mach, MA; Weilemann, LS, 2005)	0.76
" Conditions which might play a role as influencing factors for renal complications included concomitant ingestion of nephrotoxic drugs, dehydration, chronic excessive dosing (overdose) of acetaminophen, pre-existing renal or liver disease and multiple organ failure."	( Experiences of a poison center network with renal insufficiency in acetaminophen overdose: an analysis of 17 cases. Hengstler, JG; Hermanns-Clausen, M; Kaes, J; Koch, I; Lauterbach, M; von Mach, MA; Weilemann, LS, 2005)	0.76
" After three days, a cumulative dosage of 200 mg of CE in refracted doses were given."	( Safety of celecoxib in patients with adverse skin reactions to acetaminophen (paracetamol) and nimesulide associated or not with common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. D'Amato, G; D'Amato, M; Liccardi, G; Piccolo, A; Piscitelli, E; Salzillo, A; Senna, G, 2005)	0.57
" The present study compared thermodynamic data on acetaminophen melting and vaporization processes of pure acetaminophen with those found for several solid mixtures and in some commercially available acetaminophen-based dosage forms."	( Thermal analysis study of the interactions between acetaminophen and excipients in solid dosage forms and in some binary mixtures. Catalani, A; Rossi, V; Tomassetti, M; Vecchio, S, 2005)	0.83
" In vitro dissolution of Apotel tablets in milk was delayed less than of Panodil and the effect of dosing conditions on the in vivo disintegration was not apparent."	( The delayed dissolution of paracetamol products in the canine fed stomach can be predicted in vitro but it does not affect the onset of plasma levels. Abrahamsson, B; Albery, T; Dressman, J; Kalantzi, L; Laitmer, D; Polentarutti, B; Reppas, C, 2005)	0.33
" The method was applied to the analysis of various commercially available acetaminophen dosage forms with recoveries of 98."	( Migration behaviour and separation of acetaminophen and p-aminophenol in capillary zone electrophoresis: analysis of drugs based on acetaminophen. Galera, R; Martínez-Lozano, C; Pérez-Ruiz, T; Tomás, V, 2005)	0.83
" The primary outcome measures were total pain relief through 6 hours after dosing (TOTPAR6), sum of pain intensity differences through 6 hours (SPID6), and adverse events."	( Analgesic efficacy and tolerability of oxycodone 5 mg/ibuprofen 400 mg compared with those of oxycodone 5 mg/acetaminophen 325 mg and hydrocodone 7.5 mg/acetaminophen 500 mg in patients with moderate to severe postoperative pain: a randomized, double-blin Adamson, DN; Christensen, SE; Han, SH; Litkowski, LJ; Newman, KB; Van Dyke, T, 2005)	0.54
"To determine the importance of tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 in hepatocyte regeneration in acetaminophen toxicity, wild type and tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 knock-out mice were dosed with acetaminophen (300 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and sacrificed at 4, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr."	( Tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 and hepatocyte regeneration in acetaminophen toxicity: a kinetic study of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cytokine expression. Hinson, JA; James, LP; Kurten, RC; Lamps, LW; McCullough, S, 2005)	0.78
"As part of a randomized clinical trial that compared three different analgesic dosing regimens ( Sutters et al."	( Time-contingent dosing of an opioid analgesic after tonsillectomy does not increase moderate-to-severe side effects in children. Holdridge-Zeuner, D; Lanier, B; Miaskowski, C; Paul, SM; Savedra, MC; Sutters, KA; Waite, S, 2005)	0.33
"With the increased interest in modified release dosage forms and drug delivery systems, there is an increasing concern for biopharmaceutical characterization of the formulation in the early stages of drug product development."	( Biopharmaceutical characterization of sustained release matrix tablets based on novel carbomer polymers: formulation and in vivo investigation. Djurić, Z; Evic, IK; Ibrić, S; Jelena, P; Jovanović, D; Jovanović, M; Kilibarda, V, )	0.13
" The results of the proposed method were in excellent agreement with those obtained from PLS and HPLC methods and can be satisfactorily used for routine analysis of multicomponent dosage forms."	( Content uniformity and dissolution tests of triplicate mixtures by a double divisor-ratio spectra derivative method. Koundourellis, JE; Malliou, ET; Markopoulou, CK, 2005)	0.33
"Despite extensive clinical experience, no dose-response curve exists for acetaminophen toxicity in man."	( A new predictor of toxicity following acetaminophen overdose based on pretreatment exposure. Good, AM; Johnson, DW; Juurlink, DN; Sivilotti, ML; Yarema, MC, 2005)	0.83
" tables of normal and abnormal ranges of temperature, recommended temperature measurement techniques, dosage regimen of antipyretic drugs, guidelines to parents), justifying the implementation of a pharmaceutical follow-up."	( When fever, paracetamol? Theory and practice in a paediatric outpatient clinic. Cotting, JQ; Di Paolo, ER; Djahnine, SR; Gehri, M; Guignard, E; Krahenbuhl, JD; Pannatier, A; Yersin, C, 2005)	0.33
" In these studies, overnight fasted male CD-1 mice were dosed (i."	( Cholestasis induced by model organic anions protects from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in male CD-1 mice. Hennig, GE; Manautou, JE; Silva, VM, 2006)	0.58
" The intensity of other symptoms of URTI was rated by patients at baseline and at 2, 4, and 6 hours after dosing (scale from 0 = none to 10 = severe)."	( Aspirin compared with acetaminophen in the treatment of fever and other symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection in adults: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-dose, 6-hour dose-ranging st Bachert, C; Chuchalin, AG; Eisebitt, R; Netayzhenko, VZ; Voelker, M, 2005)	0.64
"A large percentage of Israeli paediatricians do not provide parents proper instructions regarding the correct dosing of acetaminophen."	( How much acetaminophen do paediatricians prescribe? A survey among Israeli paediatricians. Berkovitch, M; Goldstein, L; Greenberg, R; Grossman, Z; Kozer, E, 2005)	0.95
"To assess clinical efficacy of IV paracetamol 1 g and IV metamizol 1 IV metamizol 1 g on a 24-h dosing schedule in this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of 38 ASA physical status I-III patients undergoing retinal surgery."	( A comparison between IV paracetamol and IV metamizol for postoperative analgesia after retinal surgery. Eggert, D; Giesecke, T; Kampe, S; Kiencke, P; Landwehr, S; Thumann, G, 2005)	0.33
"As our society is becoming increasingly aged, the development of an appropriate dosage form for the elderly patients is mostly desirable."	( Formulation design of a novel fast-disintegrating tablet. Masuda, Y; Mizumoto, T; Terada, K; Yamamoto, T; Yonemochi, E, 2005)	0.33
" In this survey, 30% believed there was less risk with OTC analgesics, and 44% consumed more than the recommended dosage on the label."	( Patterns of use and public perception of over-the-counter pain relievers: focus on nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Cryer, B; Triadafilopoulos, G; Wilcox, CM, 2005)	0.33
" Appropriately dosed and monitored use of opioids for OA pain, when more conservative methods have failed, has potentially fewer life-threatening complications associated with it than the more commonly and often less successfully employed pharmacotherapeutic approaches to care."	( The use of opioids in the treatment of osteoarthritis: when, why, and how? Bajwa, ZH; Goodwin, JL; Kraemer, JJ, 2005)	0.33
"Gels dosage forms are successfully used as drug delivery systems considering their ability to control drug release and to protect medicaments from an hostile environment."	( Rheological, adhesive and release characterisation of semisolid Carbopol/tetraglycol systems. Bonacucina, G; Cespi, M; Misici-Falzi, M; Palmieri, GF, 2006)	0.33
" In clinical practice, combinations are usually given at the above-mentioned dosage three to four times a day."	( Comparative trial of tramadol/paracetamol and codeine/paracetamol combination tablets on the vigilance of healthy volunteers. Dubray, C; Estrade, M; Pickering, G, 2005)	0.33
" Treatment response was higher for tramadol/APAP than a placebo at 2 hours after dosing (55."	( Tramadol/acetaminophen for the treatment of acute migraine pain: findings of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Fisher, AC; Freitag, FG; Hewitt, DJ; Jordan, DM; Kudrow, DB; Rosenthal, NR; Rozen, TD; Silberstein, SD, )	0.55
" paludosa pretreatment (100-500 mg kg(-1)) in a dose-response manner."	( Protective effect of crude extract from Wedelia paludosa (Asteraceae) on the hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol in mice. Bagio, A; Balz, D; Brocardo, PS; Dafre, AL; Goulart, EC; Meotti, FC; Rodrigues, AL; Rosa, JM; Santos, AR; Waltrick, AP, 2006)	0.33
" After three days, a cumulative dosage of 200 mg of CE in refracted doses was given."	( Safety of celecoxib in patients with adverse skin reactions to acetaminophen (paracetamol) and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Cazzola, M; D'Amato, G; D'Amato, M; De Giglio, C; Liccardi, G; Manfredi, D; Piscitelli, E, 2005)	0.57
" The effective dose that produced 50% antinociception (ED50) was calculated from the log dose-response curves of fixed ratio combinations of paracetamol with each NSAID."	( Synergism between paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in experimental acute pain. Miranda, HF; Pinardi, G; Prieto, JC; Puig, MM, 2006)	0.33
"Adsorption characteristics of medicinal carbon powder (JP 14) for acetaminophen were examined at 37 degrees C using conventional incubation in an attempt to obtain an effective oral dosage form."	( Medicinal carbon tablets for treatment of acetaminophen intoxication: adsorption characteristics of medicinal carbon powder and its tablets. Ito, A; Machida, Y; Onishi, H; Yamamoto, K, 2006)	0.84
" Lower basal Cyp1a2 mRNA levels and lower expression of Cyp1a2 and Cyp3a11 mRNAs after APAP dosing were also observed in females compared with males."	( Acetaminophen metabolism does not contribute to gender difference in its hepatotoxicity in mouse. Chou, N; Dai, G; He, L; Wan, YJ, 2006)	1.78
" By generating two-dimensional loadings plots, it was also possible to identify the m/z values of the substances responsible for the differentiation between control and dosed samples."	( Urine profiling using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis. Bäckström, D; Bergquist, J; Danielsson, R; Sjöberg, P; Ullsten, S, 2006)	0.33
" Because acetaminophen has a different mechanism of action from the conventional NSAIDs, it does not inhibit peripheral PGs at recommended dosing and therefore appears to have a more favorable cardiovascular and gastrointestinal safety profile."	( Clinical implications of nonopioid analgesia for relief of mild-to-moderate pain in patients with or at risk for cardiovascular disease. Whelton, A, 2006)	0.75
" Dosing of both drug groups is tempered by concerns about toxicity."	( Pain control: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Anderson, BJ; Jacqz-Aigrain, E, 2006)	0.33
" Following dosing of CFA-injected rats with rofecoxib (Vioxx) or paracetamol, there was a significant decrease in the number of ipsilateral CGRP-IR small and medium DRG neurones in rofecoxib- but not paracetamol-treated rats."	( Changes in dorsal root ganglion CGRP expression in a chronic inflammatory model of the rat knee joint: differential modulation by rofecoxib and paracetamol. Bountra, C; Chessell, IP; Day, NC; Staton, PC; Wilson, AW, 2007)	0.34
" Patient-controlled analgesia was used for the first 3 postoperative days in all patients, and the cumulative dosage used was recorded."	( Analgesic effect of electroacupuncture in postthoracotomy pain: a prospective randomized trial. Chan, SK; Lee, TW; Liang, YM; Ng, CS; Sihoe, AD; Wan, IY; Wong, RH; Wong, WW; Yim, AP, 2006)	0.33
" The subsequent 6 patients (group 2) were treated using a formal heparin anticoagulation protocol that included 2000 units in prime solution and 30 units/kg induction, activated clotting time (ACT) measurements, and heparin administered by dose-response curve to maintain 300-second ACT."	( Formal heparin anticoagulation protocol improves safety of charcoal-based liver-assist treatments. Bull, B; Cottrell, A; Hay, K; Hill, KB; Hillebrand, DJ; Hu, KQ; Strutt, M; Teichman, S; Wilson, B, )	0.13
" The following medications were randomly given to the patients who declared pain in the sixth hour after the operation: naproxen sodium, meloxicam, rofecoxib, paracetamol, dipyrone, and etodolac in proper dosage to form groups of 20 for each medication."	( [Postoperative pain management in clinics of otolaryngology]. Cağici, CA; Calişkan, EE; Erkan, AN; Gencay, S; Ozlüoğlu, LN; Sener, M; Yavuz, H; Yilmaz, I; Yilmazer, C, 2006)	0.33
"5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 h after dosing for determination of the plasma levels of PCM and its metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography."	( A pharmacokinetic study of paracetamol in Thai beta-thalassemia/HbE patients. Chantharaksri, U; Fucharoen, P; Fucharoen, S; Howard, TA; Morales, NP; Sanvarinda, Y; Sirankapracha, P; Tankanitlert, J; Temsakulphong, A; Ware, RE, 2006)	0.33
"This patient with multiple risk factors and severe hepatotoxicity after therapeutic dosage of acetaminophen was successfully treated with N-acetylcysteine."	( Severe hepatotoxicity after therapeutic doses of acetaminophen. Cairon, E; Mian, P; Moling, O; Pristerá, R; Rimenti, G; Rizza, F, 2006)	0.81
" The experimental design, which can be easily adapted to different cell types, provides an improved testing protocol to evaluate under reliable conditions the dose-response relationships of the thiol-redox state in a variety of biological processes."	( An experimental design for the controlled modulation of intracellular GSH levels in cultured hepatocytes. Esteban-Pretel, G; Pilar López-García, M, 2006)	0.33
"Establishing the dose-response relationship for clinically useful doses of aspirin, ibuprofen and paracetamol has been difficult."	( Dose-response in direct comparisons of different doses of aspirin, ibuprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) in analgesic studies. McQuay, HJ; Moore, RA, 2007)	0.56
"Use of trials making direct comparison of two different doses of target drugs revealed the underlying dose-response curve for clinical analgesia."	( Dose-response in direct comparisons of different doses of aspirin, ibuprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) in analgesic studies. McQuay, HJ; Moore, RA, 2007)	0.56
" Thus, granules and tablet are useful as a compact dosage form of MC; though the reduced adsorption capacity must be taken into account in order to expect efficacy equivalent to that of MC alone."	( In vitro and in vivo evaluation of medicinal carbon granules and tablet on the adsorption of acetaminophen. Ito, A; Machida, Y; Onishi, H; Yamamoto, K, 2007)	0.56
"The role of Mrp2, Bcrp, and P-glycoprotein in the biliary excretion of acetaminophen sulfate (AS) and glucuronide (AG), 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate (4MUS) and glucuronide (4MUG), and harmol sulfate (HS) and glucuronide (HG) was studied in Abcc2(-/-), Abcg2(-/-), and Abcb1a(-/-)/Abcb1b(-/-) mouse livers perfused with the respective parent compounds using a cassette dosing approach."	( The important role of Bcrp (Abcg2) in the biliary excretion of sulfate and glucuronide metabolites of acetaminophen, 4-methylumbelliferone, and harmol in mice. Brouwer, KL; Kalvass, JC; Nezasa, K; Patel, NJ; Raub, TJ; Tian, X; Zamek-Gliszczynski, MJ, 2006)	0.78
"The safety of paracetamol when given in the recommended dosage is well documented."	( Repeated supratherapeutic doses of paracetamol in children--a literature review and suggested clinical approach. Berkovitch, M; Greenberg, R; Kozer, E; Zimmerman, DR, 2006)	0.33
"Liver injury secondary to repeated dosing of paracetamol is rare but may result in severe morbidity and mortality."	( Repeated supratherapeutic doses of paracetamol in children--a literature review and suggested clinical approach. Berkovitch, M; Greenberg, R; Kozer, E; Zimmerman, DR, 2006)	0.33
" It is recommended to use the same dosages and dosage forms that the patient used before the trial, to start the trial with a run-in period, to formulate both general and individualized decision rules regarding the efficacy of treatment, to adjust treatment policies immediately after the trial, and to provide adequate instructions and support if treatment is adjusted."	( Conducting research in individual patients: lessons learnt from two series of N-of-1 trials. de Vries, TP; Stalman, WA; van der Windt, DA; Wegman, AC, 2006)	0.33
" In the present study, the involvement in this process of Mrp3 and Mrp4, two basolateral efflux transporters, was evaluated by analyzing the hepatic basolateral excretion of the glucuronide and sulfate metabolites of acetaminophen, 4-methylumbelliferone, and harmol in Abcc3(-/-) and Abcc4(-/-) mice using a cassette dosing approach."	( Evaluation of the role of multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp) 3 and Mrp4 in hepatic basolateral excretion of sulfate and glucuronide metabolites of acetaminophen, 4-methylumbelliferone, and harmol in Abcc3-/- and Abcc4-/- mice. Belinsky, MG; Bridges, AS; Brouwer, KL; Kruh, GD; Lee, K; Nezasa, K; Tian, X; Zamek-Gliszczynski, MJ, 2006)	0.72
" Conditions for the complete biodegradation of paracetamol dosage forms (pills) were optimized."	( [Catalysis of the biodegradation of unusable medicines by alkanotrophic rhodococci]. Chekryshkina, LA; Ivshina, IB; Mishenina, II; Rychkova, MI; Vikhareva, EV, )	0.13
"To assess clinical efficacy of IV paracetamol 1 g and IV dipyrone 1 g on a 24-h dosing schedule in this randomised, double-blinded study of 40 ASA I-III (American Society of Anesthesiologists classification of physical status) patients undergoing surgery for breast cancer."	( Clinical equivalence of IV paracetamol compared to IV dipyrone for postoperative analgesia after surgery for breast cancer. Dagtekin, O; Haussmann, S; Kampe, S; Kiencke, P; Landwehr, S; Paul, M; Pilgram, B; Warm, M, 2006)	0.33
" Thus, the proposed method is simple and suitable for the simultaneous analysis of active ingredients in tablet dosage forms."	( Method development and validation for the simultaneous determination of cetirizine dihydrochloride, paracetamol, and phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride in tablets by capillary zone electrophoresis. Azhagvuel, S; Sekar, R, 2007)	0.34
" In the writhing test, the intraperitoneal administration of dexketoprofen or ketoprofen resulted in parallel dose-response curves with equal efficacy, but higher relative potency for dexketoprofen."	( Dexketoprofen-induced antinociception in animal models of acute pain: synergy with morphine and paracetamol. Dursteler, C; Miranda, HF; Pinardi, G; Prieto, JC; Puig, MM, 2007)	0.34
" The pooled data set consisted of patient demographics, dosing records, aminotransferase and bilirubin laboratory values, and adverse events."	( Retrospective analysis of transient elevations in alanine aminotransferase during long-term treatment with acetaminophen in osteoarthritis clinical trials. Baggish, JS; Cooper, KM; Kuffner, EK; Parenti, DL; Temple, AR, 2006)	0.55
" Although initial response to all pediatric poisonings begins with basic stabilization, knowledge of specific antidotes, their mechanisms of action, safety profile in pediatrics, and dosing regimens can be life-saving for pediatric victims of nerve gas exposure, acetaminophen toxicity, methanol and ethylene glycol ingestion, and snakebites."	( Update on antidotes for pediatric poisoning. Liebelt, EL; White, ML, 2006)	0.51
" The effective dose that produced 50% antinociception (ED(50,mix)) was calculated from the log dose-response curve of fixed-ratio combinations of paracetamol with ketoprofen."	( Isobolographic analysis of the antinociceptive interactions between ketoprofen and paracetamol. Kong, H; Liu, J; Liu, Y; Mei, XG; Qiu, HX, 2007)	0.34
" Primary hepatocytes isolated from mice dosed with CFB are resistant to APAP toxicity."	( Role of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 in clofibrate-mediated hepatoprotection from acetaminophen. Aleksunes, LM; Kardas, MJ; Klaassen, CD; Manautou, JE; Moffit, JS; Slitt, AL, 2007)	0.56
" These results suggest that these parameters can be used to determine an effective APAP dosage regimen for Japanese patients with chronic pain."	( Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of acetaminophen analgesia in Japanese patients with chronic pain. Aoyama, T; Aoyama, Y; Matsumoto, Y; Ohe, Y; Shinoda, S; Tomioka, S, 2007)	0.61
" The limited efficacy of rofecoxib in this study contrasts to the results of previous surgical studies evaluating rofecoxib, and may be partially explained by the postoperative dosing in this arthroscopic surgical model."	( The efficacy of rofecoxib 50 mg and hydrocodone/acetaminophen 7.5/750 mg in patients with post-arthroscopic pain. Chelly, JE; Nissen, CW; Rodgers, AJ; Smugar, SS; Tershakovec, AM, 2007)	0.6
" Patients then dosed up to three times daily for 3 days and recorded nasal congestion and pain intensity scores."	( Efficacy of a paracetamol-pseudoephedrine combination for treatment of nasal congestion and pain-related symptoms in upper respiratory tract infection. Burnett, I; Eccles, R; Jawad, M; Jawad, S; Jones, E; North, M; Ridge, D, 2006)	0.33
" This case report supports the use of N-acetylcysteine to treat neonatal acetaminophen toxicity and highlights the need for better education of parents regarding the appropriate use and dosage of acetaminophen in newborns."	( Acetaminophen-induced hepatic failure with encephalopathy in a newborn. Baker, CF; Sarkar, S; Walls, L, 2007)	2.01
"The findings of this study indicate that glucosamine sulfate at the oral once-daily dosage of 1,500 mg is more effective than placebo in treating knee OA symptoms."	( Glucosamine sulfate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study using acetaminophen as a side comparator. Araújo, D; Benito, P; Blanco, FJ; Branco, J; Del Carmen Trabado, M; Figueroa, M; Herrero-Beaumont, G; Ivorra, JA; Laffon, A; Marenco, JL; Martín-Mola, E; Paulino, J; Porto, A, 2007)	0.54
" dry mixing of drug and SA, followed by compression, which is the easiest way to manufacture an oral dosage form."	( High-amylose carboxymethyl starch matrices for oral sustained drug-release: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Amores da Silva, P; Bataille, B; Brouillet, F; Cartilier, L; Chebli, C; Kyriacos, S; Mroueh, M; Nabais, T, 2007)	0.34
" There was a wide variability of the dosing interval."	( Alternating antipyretics for fever reduction in children: an unfounded practice passed down to parents from pediatricians. Liebelt, EL; Wright, AD, 2007)	0.34
" The described method was applied for the determination of these combinations in synthetic mixtures and dosage forms."	( Derivative-ratio spectrophotometric method for the determination of ternary mixture of aspirin, paracetamol and salicylic acid. Assi, SA; El-Yazbi, FA; Hammud, HH, 2007)	0.34
"This multiple-dose pharmacokinetic study has a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design with three dosing regimens."	( Aminotransferase activities in healthy subjects receiving three-day dosing of 4, 6, or 8 grams per day of acetaminophen. Auiler, JF; Gelotte, CK; Lynch, JM; Temple, AR; Vena, J, 2007)	0.55
"This paper presents a simple, specific, and precise high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PCM), chlorzoxazone (CXZ), and their related impurities in bulk raw materials and solid dosage forms."	( Simultaneous determination of paracetamol, chlorzoxazone, and related impurities 4-aminophenol, 4'-chloroacetanilide, and p-chlorophenol in pharmaceutical preparations by high-performance liquid chromatography. Ali, MS; Ghori, M; Kahtri, AR; Rafiuddin, S, )	0.13
" The sensitivity of the proposed method to detect changes in the NMR spectra 24 and 48 h after single dosing was compared with histopathology and biochemical parameters in plasma and urine."	( Sensitivity of (1)H NMR analysis of rat urine in relation to toxicometabonomics. Part I: dose-dependent toxic effects of bromobenzene and paracetamol. Horbach, GJ; Kloks, CP; Mellema, JR; Ploemen, JP; Schoonen, WG; Smit, MJ; Tas, AC; van Nesselrooij, JH; Vogels, JT; Zandberg, P; Zuylen, CT, 2007)	0.34
" Depending on the intended indication and dosing regimen, PPL can delay or stop development of a compound in the drug discovery process."	( Evaluation of a published in silico model and construction of a novel Bayesian model for predicting phospholipidosis inducing potential. Gehlhaar, D; Greene, N; Johnson, TO; Pelletier, DJ; Tilloy-Ellul, A, )	0.13
"The characteristics of various pharmaceutical dosage forms are influenced by surface properties such as the friction behavior."	( Nanoscopic friction behavior of pharmaceutical materials. Lee, J, 2007)	0.34
" Ibuprofen dosage was 51% (P<0."	( Paediatric analgesia in the emergency department, are we getting it right? Blair, L; Clark, M; Donald, C; Duncan, R; Thakore, S, 2007)	0.34
" Through the printing of release-retardation materials, 3DP processes could easily prepare tablets with high dosage and special design features for furnishing the desired drug release characteristics."	( Tablets with material gradients fabricated by three-dimensional printing. Huang, WD; Liu, J; Wang, YG; Xu, H; Yang, XL; Yu, DG, 2007)	0.34
" Our hypothesis was that common liver tests would be unaffected by administration of the maximum recommended daily dosage of acetaminophen for 3 consecutive days to newly-abstinent alcoholic subjects."	( The effect of acetaminophen (four grams a day for three consecutive days) on hepatic tests in alcoholic patients--a multicenter randomized study. Bogdan, GM; Dart, RC; Green, JL; Heard, K; Knox, PC; Kuffner, EK; Palmer, RB; Slattery, JT, 2007)	0.91
" Present paper introduces the development and validation of analytical methods suitable for quantitative determination of paracetamol containing dosage forms in FoNo VII."	( [Current problems in the quality control of pharmaceutical preparations manufactured in pharmacies II. Paracetamol contraining preparations]. Horváth, P; Sinkó, B; Takaćsne, NK; Völgyi, G, 2006)	0.33
" This study assessed the ability of doctors and nurses to calculate correct doses using manual calculation skills and a weight-based NAC dosing chart when prescribing and preparing NAC infusions."	( Weight-based N-acetylcysteine dosing chart to minimise the risk of calculation errors in prescribing and preparing N-acetylcysteine infusions for adults presenting with paracetamol overdose in the emergency department. Calvert, SH; Cavell, G; Glucksman, E; Gonzalez, J; Kerins, M; Selvan, VA, 2007)	0.34
"Therapeutic dosing of paracetamol administered for 10 days appears to elevate serum ALT in moderate drinkers, but does not produce clinically evident liver injury."	( A randomized trial to determine the change in alanine aminotransferase during 10 days of paracetamol (acetaminophen) administration in subjects who consume moderate amounts of alcohol. Bailey, JE; Bogdan, GM; Dart, RC; Green, JL; Heard, K, 2007)	0.55
" Dosage was determined by weight (86."	( Over-the-counter medication use for childhood fever: a cross-sectional study of Australian parents. Edwards, H; Fraser, J; Walsh, A, 2007)	0.34
" In both groups, if pain intensity was rated as > 3 on the VAS at week 1 or 2, the dosage was doubled."	( Codeine/acetaminophen and hydrocodone/acetaminophen combination tablets for the management of chronic cancer pain in adults: a 23-day, prospective, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study. Angel, AM; Castillo, JM; Del Pilar Castillo, M; Nuñez, PD; Ortiz, Y; Restrepo, JM; Rodriguez, JM; Rodriguez, MF; Rodriguez, RF, 2007)	0.77
" Of the patients who received C/A, 58% responded to the initial dosage of 150/2500 mg/d, and 8% of the patients responded to the double dosage; 34% did not experience pain relief."	( Codeine/acetaminophen and hydrocodone/acetaminophen combination tablets for the management of chronic cancer pain in adults: a 23-day, prospective, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study. Angel, AM; Castillo, JM; Del Pilar Castillo, M; Nuñez, PD; Ortiz, Y; Restrepo, JM; Rodriguez, JM; Rodriguez, MF; Rodriguez, RF, 2007)	0.77
" Physicians should be aware of potential hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of acetaminophen, even if given at therapeutic dosage in acute febrile illness."	( Therapeutic dose of acetaminophen with fatal hepatic necrosis and acute renal failure. Lohachit, P; Ruamvang, T; Satirapoj, B, 2007)	0.89
" near-infrared; Raman) should be equivalent to a single dosage size."	( Drug product characterization by macropixel analysis of chemical images. Ellison, CD; Hamad, ML; Khan, MA; Lyon, RC, 2007)	0.34
"The dissolution characteristics of melt granulations of paracetamol in capsule and tablet dosage form were compared to determine whether the dissolution characteristics of the granules can be actualized by formulating them as rapidly disintegrating tablets."	( A comparative study of the dissolution characteristics of capsule and tablet dosage forms of melt granulations of paracetamol--diluent effects. Okor, RS; Uhumwangho, MU, )	0.13
" Mice were dosed with single-AA injection (500 mg/kg via the intra peritoneal route) with or without L-carnitine (500 mg/kg for 5 days starting 5 days before AA injection via intra peritoneal route) and sampled at 4, 8 and 24 h following AA injection."	( Hepatoprotective effect of L-carnitine against acute acetaminophen toxicity in mice. Atakisi, O; Citil, M; Erginsoy, S; Karapehlivan, M; Kart, A; Tunca, R; Yapar, K, 2007)	0.59
"Adults who received repeated dosing of acetaminophen 4 g/day or lower for at least 24 hours."	( Does therapeutic use of acetaminophen cause acute liver failure? Bailey, E; Dart, RC, 2007)	0.92
"8%) received the maximum recommended therapeutic dosage (3."	( Does therapeutic use of acetaminophen cause acute liver failure? Bailey, E; Dart, RC, 2007)	0.65
"Prospective studies indicated that repeated use of a true therapeutic acetaminophen dosage may slightly increase the level of serum aminotransferase activity, but hepatic failure or death was not reported."	( Does therapeutic use of acetaminophen cause acute liver failure? Bailey, E; Dart, RC, 2007)	0.88
" As disintegration time is shortest at a certain ratio of disintegrant, a calculation of this value is important for solid dosage from design to enhance disintegration and dissolution process."	( Rational estimation of the optimum amount of non-fibrous disintegrant applying percolation theory for binary fast disintegrating formulation. Betz, G; Krausbauer, E; Leuenberger, H; Puchkov, M, 2008)	0.35
"The estimation of paracetamol and orphenadrine citrate in a multicomponent pharmaceutical dosage form by spectrophotometric method has been reported."	( Determination of paracetamol and orphenadrine citrate in pharmaceutical tablets by modeling of spectrophotometric data using partial least-squares and artificial neural networks. Ruangwises, N; Sratthaphut, L, 2007)	0.34
"On the second postoperative day, facial edema showed a statistically significant reduction in both dexamethasone 4-mg and dexamethasone 8-mg groups compared with the control group, but no statistically significant differences were observed between the 2 dosage regimens of dexamethasone."	( Effect of submucosal injection of dexamethasone on postoperative discomfort after third molar surgery: a prospective study. Beretta, M; Borgonovo, A; Farronato, D; Garramone, RA; Grossi, GB; Maiorana, C; Santoro, F, 2007)	0.34
" Based on the pharmacokinetic parameters, an appropriate intravenous dosage regimen for levofloxacin would be 5 mg/kg repeated at 24 h intervals when prescribed with paracetamol in calves."	( Disposition kinetics and dosage regimen of levofloxacin on concomitant administration with paracetamol in crossbred calves. Dumka, VK, 2007)	0.34
" Cisapride (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) caused non-significant increases in the indices of gastric emptying, with roughly bell-shaped dose-response curves."	( Oral mitemcinal (GM-611), an erythromycin-derived prokinetic, accelerates normal and experimentally delayed gastric emptying in conscious dogs. Akima, M; Itoh, Z; Kamei, K; Koga, H; Omura, S; Onoma, M; Ozaki, K; Takanashi, H; Yogo, K, 2008)	0.35
"Administration of erythromycin, tilmicosin, and tylosin at the label dosage increased abomasal emptying rate in calves."	( Effect of parenteral administration of erythromycin, tilmicosin, and tylosin on abomasal emptying rate in suckling calves. Constable, PD; Nouri, M, 2007)	0.34
"To assess adult consumers' previous experience with measuring devices for oral liquids, compare the accuracy of an oral syringe with that of a dosing cup, and determine consumer perceptions of accuracy and ease of use of an oral syringe and a dosing cup."	( Accuracy of oral liquid measuring devices: comparison of dosing cup and oral dosing syringe. Ambrose, PJ; Christopherson, J; Corelli, RL; Sobhani, P, 2008)	0.35
" They were then asked to measure a 5 mL (1 teaspoon) dose of Tylenol (acetaminophen) suspension, using the EZY Dose oral syringe and the dosing cup provided by the manufacturer."	( Accuracy of oral liquid measuring devices: comparison of dosing cup and oral dosing syringe. Ambrose, PJ; Christopherson, J; Corelli, RL; Sobhani, P, 2008)	0.58
" Participants more commonly reported use of droppers (68%), dosing cups (67%), and teaspoons (62%) versus cylindrical spoons (49%) or oral syringes (49%) for measuring oral liquids."	( Accuracy of oral liquid measuring devices: comparison of dosing cup and oral dosing syringe. Ambrose, PJ; Christopherson, J; Corelli, RL; Sobhani, P, 2008)	0.35
"Droppers and dosing cups were the most commonly used devices in the home for measuring liquid medications."	( Accuracy of oral liquid measuring devices: comparison of dosing cup and oral dosing syringe. Ambrose, PJ; Christopherson, J; Corelli, RL; Sobhani, P, 2008)	0.35
"Capability of fast analysis of a novel miniaturized capillary electrophoresis with carbon disk electrode amperometric detection (mini-CE-AD) system was demonstrated by determining acetaminophen and p-aminophenol in dosage forms."	( Rapid determination of acetaminophen and p-aminophenol in pharmaceutical formulations using miniaturized capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection. Chu, Q; Jiang, L; Tian, X; Ye, J, 2008)	0.85
" In C57BL/6J mice, streptozotocin caused a dosage dependent increase in fasting blood glucose (FBG), from 100 to >600mg/dl."	( Acetaminophen normalizes glucose homeostasis in mouse models for diabetes. Clegg, DJ; D'Alessio, DA; Genter, MB; Kendig, EL; Schneider, SN; Shertzer, HG, 2008)	1.79
" It can be concluded that a combination of mannitol, erythritol, Glucidex 9, Kollidon CL, colloidal silicon dioxide and polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monooleate allowed the spray drying of highly dosed drug substances (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, cimetidine) in order to obtain 'ready-to-compress' powder mixtures on lab-scale and production-scale equipment."	( Coprocessing via spray drying as a formulation platform to improve the compactability of various drugs. Gonnissen, Y; Peeters, E; Remon, JP; Verhoeven, E; Vervaet, C, 2008)	0.53
"Most glucose meter comparisons to date have focused on performance specifications likely to impact subcutaneous dosing of insulin."	( Evaluation of the impact of hematocrit and other interference on the accuracy of hospital-based glucose meters. Bryant, SC; Dubois, JA; Griesmann, L; Karon, BS; Presti, S; Santrach, PJ; Scott, R; Shirey, TL, 2008)	0.35
" However, prepared samples of normal human serum with added bilirubin showed a dose-response curve for only one of the 4 colorimetric assays."	( False positive acetaminophen concentrations in patients with liver injury. Balko, JA; Fuller, D; Hynan, LS; Khan, AI; Koff, JM; Lee, WM; Murray, NG; Orsulak, P; Polson, J; Wians, FH, 2008)	0.7
"Commonly used dosage protocols for antimicrobial agents may alter the rate of gastric emptying."	( Effect of erythromycin and gentamicin on abomasal emptying rate in suckling calves. Constable, PD; Hajikolaee, MR; Nouri, M; Omidi, A, )	0.13
" The DHA impurity values found in dosage forms were < or =0."	( Development and validation of a liquid chromatographic method for the determination of ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid and acetaminophen in pharmaceuticals. Andreatta, P; Boschetti, S; Gatti, R; Gioia, MG, 2008)	0.55
" The developed methodology would be beneficial to formulation scientists in dosage form design and optimization."	( Effect of drug solubility on polymer hydration and drug dissolution from polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrix tablets. Gu, X; Hardy, RJ; Li, H, 2008)	0.35
"As a result, WLP-S-10 200 mg/kg significantly reduced liver injury induced by CCl(4) and decreased the mortality rate of mice because of acute liver failure caused by lethal dosage of acetaminophen or d-galactosamine plus LPS."	( Protection by bicyclol derivatives against acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure in mice and its active mechanism. Hou, Y; Li, L; Liu, G; Tong, Y; Wei, H; Wu, L; Wu, S, 2008)	0.8
" The dosing regimen is complex, consisting of a loading dose followed by 2 maintenance doses, each with different infusion rates."	( Frequency of medication errors with intravenous acetylcysteine for acetaminophen overdose. Doyon, S; Hayes, BD; Klein-Schwartz, W, 2008)	0.58
"To analyze the frequency of medication errors related to the complex dosing regimen for intravenous acetylcysteine."	( Frequency of medication errors with intravenous acetylcysteine for acetaminophen overdose. Doyon, S; Hayes, BD; Klein-Schwartz, W, 2008)	0.58
" The survey showed a wide variation in morphine and paracetamol dosing and the absence of a paracetamol loading dose in a fourth of the units."	( Pain management in Swedish neonatal units--a national survey. Eriksson, M; Gradin, M, 2008)	0.35
" The principal component analysis (PCA) of NMR or UPLC/MS spectra showed that metabolic changes observed in both acute and chronic dosing of acetaminophen were similar."	( Metabonomics evaluation of urine from rats given acute and chronic doses of acetaminophen using NMR and UPLC/MS. Beger, RD; Cantor, GH; Dragan, YP; Holland, RD; Schmitt, TC; Schnackenberg, LK; Sun, J, 2008)	0.78
" acetaminophen dosed according to postmenstrual age (PMA): 28-32 weeks, 10 mg kg(-1); 32-36 weeks, 12."	( I.V. acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in neonates after multiple doses. Anderson, BJ; Atkins, M; Chalkiadis, GA; Culnane, TJ; Hunt, RW; McNally, CM; Palmer, GM; Perkins, EJ; Smith, KR, 2008)	1.77
" This novel taste-masking system has the potential to be a useful multiparticulate dosage form for effective, safe, and user-friendly drug therapy."	( Salting-out taste-masking system generates lag time with subsequent immediate release. Katsuma, M; Maeda, A; Sako, K; Tasaki, H; Uchida, T; Yoshida, T, 2009)	0.35
" In 24 (33%) of the 72 infusions, systolic blood pressure decreased to below 90 mm Hg and required intervention with fluid bolus administration on six occasions; a fluid bolus was accompanied by a dosage increase or initiation of a norepinephrine infusion on 18 occasions."	( Effect of intravenous propacetamol on blood pressure in febrile critically ill patients. Hersch, M; Izbicki, G; Raveh, D, 2008)	0.35
" This case suggests that individualized dosing of antidotal therapy may be needed for preparations of acetaminophen that result in delayed absorption or after massive overdose."	( Development of hepatic failure despite use of intravenous acetylcysteine after a massive ingestion of acetaminophen and diphenhydramine. Hayes, BD; Sarmiento, KF; Schwartz, EA, 2009)	0.78
" The dosage of the DDD can be adjusted independently by changing the heights of the DDDs."	( Novel drug delivery devices for providing linear release profiles fabricated by 3DP. Branford-White, C; Li, XY; Ma, ZH; Yang, XL; Yu, DG; Zhu, LM, 2009)	0.35
" Appropriate dosing and managing of these drugs do not likely lead to organ toxicity."	( Acute non-oliguric kidney failure and cholestatic hepatitis induced by ibuprofen and acetaminophen: a case report. Angeli, S; Brugnara, M; Cuzzolin, L; Zaffanello, M, 2009)	0.58
" However, this does not appear to be clinically relevant given the usual dosage range and the drug's half-life (approx."	( The bioavailability of bromazepam, omeprazole and paracetamol given by nasogastric feeding tube. Berger-Gryllaki, M; Buclin, T; Pannatier, A; Podilsky, G; Roulet, M; Testa, B, 2009)	0.35
"5 g/kg bw) and sub-toxic (150 mg/kg bw) dosage of paracetamol-induced liver injury in Sprague-Dawley rat."	( Protective effect of a phytocompound on oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation against paracetamol-induced liver damage. Gumaste, U; Helmy, A; Jain, S; Marotta, F; Minelli, E; Yadav, H, )	0.13
"Neonatal drug dosing needs to be based on the physiological characteristics of the newborn, the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug and has to take maturational aspects of drug disposition into account."	( Neonatal clinical pharmacology: recent observations of relevance for anaesthesiologists. Allegaert, K; de Hoon, J; Naulaers, G; Van De Velde, M, 2008)	0.35
" The use of such mechanistic approaches improves understanding of paediatric pharmacokinetics; improving dosing predictions and allowing projection in exploratory drug development."	( Mechanistic basis of using body size and maturation to predict clearance in humans. Anderson, BJ; Holford, NH, 2009)	0.35
" A dose-response study showed that the accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines in serum contributes to the separation of wild-type mice undergoing APAP-induced hepatotoxicity from other mouse groups in a multivariate model."	( Serum metabolomics reveals irreversible inhibition of fatty acid beta-oxidation through the suppression of PPARalpha activation as a contributing mechanism of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Chen, C; Gonzalez, FJ; Idle, JR; Krausz, KW; Shah, YM, 2009)	0.55
"Multiparticulate drug delivery systems, such as pellets, are frequently used as they offer therapeutic advantages over single-unit dosage forms."	( Porous pellets as drug delivery system. Cosijns, A; De Beer, T; Evrard, B; Nikolakakis, I; Nizet, D; Remon, JP; Siepmann, F; Siepmann, J; Vervaet, C, 2009)	0.35
"The aims of this study were to assess the feasibility of conducting a repeated-measures study of pain in PWDs and to investigate the effect of the scheduled dosing of acetaminophen in reducing observable pain behaviors in community-dwelling PWDs."	( Effects of an analgesic trial in reducing pain behaviors in community-dwelling older adults with dementia. Elliott, AF; Horgas, AL, )	0.33
" Over 80% of total daily dosing from age 36 weeks PCA to 1 year fell within dosing suggested by pharmacokinetic studies."	( Survey of i.v. paracetamol (acetaminophen) use in neonates and infants under 1 year of age by UK anesthetists. Morton, NS; Wilson-Smith, EM, 2009)	0.65
" paracetamol dosing in infants in the UK and Ireland is frequently above the licensed dose and outside the licensed age range but is in keeping with doses suggested by pharmacokinetic studies."	( Survey of i.v. paracetamol (acetaminophen) use in neonates and infants under 1 year of age by UK anesthetists. Morton, NS; Wilson-Smith, EM, 2009)	0.65
"Oral sustained release gel formulations may provide a means of administering drugs to dysphagic and geriatric patients who have difficulties with handling and taking oral dosage forms."	( Preparation and evaluation of gel formulations for oral sustained delivery to dysphagic patients. Attwood, D; Dairaku, M; Ishitani, M; Itoh, K; Mikami, R; Miyazaki, S; Takahashi, A; Togashi, M, 2009)	0.35
" The authors did not observe a dose-response relation with increased frequency or duration of regular use of any of these medications and ovarian cancer incidence."	( Use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents and incidence of ovarian cancer in 2 large prospective cohorts. Cramer, DW; Hankinson, SE; Pinheiro, SP; Rosner, BA; Tworoger, SS, 2009)	0.35
" Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either low-dose 7-day buprenorphine patches (patch strengths of 5, 10, and 20 microg/h, with a maximum dosage of 20 microg/h) or twice-daily prolonged-release tramadol tablets (tablet strengths of 75, 100, 150, and 200 mg, with a maximum dosage of 400 mg/d) over a 12-week open-label treatment period."	( Efficacy and safety of low-dose transdermal buprenorphine patches (5, 10, and 20 microg/h) versus prolonged-release tramadol tablets (75, 100, 150, and 200 mg) in patients with chronic osteoarthritis pain: a 12-week, randomized, open-label, controlled, pa Berggren, AC; Karlsson, M, 2009)	0.35
"Early switching from morphine to methadone was a safe and efficient strategy for the reduction of side effects and improvement of analgesia, allowing for a comfortable dosing regimen."	( Early switching from morphine to methadone is not improved by acetaminophen in the analgesia of oncologic patients: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Cubero, DI; del Giglio, A, 2010)	0.6
" Patients in group B who were receiving gabapentin continued this treatment up to a maximum daily dosage of 2400 mg during the observation period."	( Adequacy assessment of oxycodone/paracetamol (acetaminophen) in multimodal chronic pain : a prospective observational study. Bertini, L; Carucci, A; Gatti, A; Mammucari, M; Occhioni, R; Sabato, AF, 2009)	0.61
"In this systematic review we present information relating to the benefits and harms of the following interventions: alternative analgesics, H(2) blockers, misoprostol, NSAIDs (systemic, topical, differences in efficacy between, dose-response relationship of), proton pump inhibitors."	( NSAIDs. Gøtzsche, PC, 2007)	0.34
" Differences between the protocols were frequency of pain measurement, more frequent use of local anesthesia and higher dosage of Acetaminophen."	( Perioperative analgesia strategies in fast-track pediatric surgery of the kidney and renal pelvis: lessons learned. Dingemann, J; Kuebler, JF; Osthaus, WA; Reismann, M; Ure, BM; von Kampen, M; Wolters, M, 2010)	0.57
" Current intravenous dosing regimens may not provide enough N-acetylcysteine to effectively metabolise paracetamol to non-toxic adducts."	( Early presentation following overdose of modified-release paracetamol (Panadol Osteo) with biphasic and prolonged paracetamol absorption. Chan, B; Graudins, A; Naidoo, D; Pham, HN; Salonikas, C, 2009)	0.35
" To better understand the contributions of different signaling pathways, the expression and role of Ras activation was evaluated after oral dosing of mice with APAP (400-500 mg/kg)."	( Farnesyltransferase inhibitors reduce Ras activation and ameliorate acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Nandi, D; Saha, B, 2009)	0.59
"The oral administration of liquid dosage forms of suitable consistency and with sustained release characteristics may provide a means of improving the compliance of geriatric patients who experience difficulties in swallowing conventional solid dosage forms."	( In situ gelling xyloglucan/alginate liquid formulation for oral sustained drug delivery to dysphagic patients. Attwood, D; D'Emanuele, A; Itoh, K; Miyazaki, S; Shimoyama, T; Tsuruya, R; Watanabe, H, 2010)	0.36
"To assess clinical equivalence of 20 mg controlled-release oxycodone (Oxygesic; Mundipharma, Limburg, Germany) and 200 mg controlled-release tramadol (Tramal long; Grunenthal, Aachen, Germany) on a 12-hour dosing schedule in a randomized, double-blinded study of 54 ASA I-III physical status (American Society of Anesthesiologists classification of physical status) patients undergoing surgery for breast cancer."	( Clinical equivalence of controlled-release oxycodone 20 mg and controlled-release tramadol 200 mg after surgery for breast cancer. Dagtekin, O; Kampe, S; Landwehr, S; Shaheen, S; Warm, M; Wolter, K, 2009)	0.35
" Therefore, we recommend preparing the tablets with XYL or SOR as a binder using the wet granule compression method to produce a compact dosage form of MC."	( Preparation and evaluation of medicinal carbon tablets with different saccharides as binders. Ito, A; Machida, Y; Yamamoto, K, 2009)	0.35
" Analysis of whole-body mouse thin tissue sections from animals dosed with propranolol, adhered to an adhesive tape substrate, provided semiquantitative information for propranolol and its hydroxyproranolol glucuronide metabolite within specific organs of the tissue."	( Application of a liquid extraction based sealing surface sampling probe for mass spectrometric analysis of dried blood spots and mouse whole-body thin tissue sections. Kertesz, V; Van Berkel, GJ, 2009)	0.35
" A tablet dosage form of MC is useful to solve such problems."	( Preparation of medicinal carbon tablets by modified wet compression method. Machida, Y; Miyachi, M; Onishi, H; Yumoto, T, 2009)	0.35
" In addition, the effectiveness and toxicity of many drugs vary depending on dosing time associated with 24-h rhythms of biochemical, physiological, and behavioral processes under the control of the circadian clock."	( [Dosing time based on molecular mechanism of biological clock of hepatic drug metabolic enzyme]. Matsunaga, N, 2009)	0.35
" The dosing range for acetaminophen was 10-15 mg/kg every four to six hours as needed, and the regimen for ibuprofen was 5-10 mg/kg every six to eight hours as needed."	( Effect of a weight-based prescribing method within an electronic health record on prescribing errors. Barr, WB; Ginzburg, R; Harris, M; Munshi, S, 2009)	0.67
"An automated weight-based dosing calculator integrated into an EHR system in the outpatient setting significantly reduced medication prescribing errors for antipyretics prescribed to pediatric patients."	( Effect of a weight-based prescribing method within an electronic health record on prescribing errors. Barr, WB; Ginzburg, R; Harris, M; Munshi, S, 2009)	0.35
" Additional measures included NPRS scores at predefined times over 48 hours, the summed pain intensity difference over 48 hours (SPID48), the time-weighted sum of pain relief scores over the first 8 hours, the mean dosing interval (the time from dosing to the time rescue medication or the next dose of study medication was administered, whichever was less), the proportion of patients requiring rescue medication, and the onset of perceptible and meaningful pain relief (2-stopwatch method)."	( Diclofenac potassium liquid-filled soft gelatin capsules in the management of patients with postbunionectomy pain: a Phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted over 5 days. Boesing, SE; Diamond, E; Duckor, S; Gottlieb, I; Raymond, G; Riff, DS; Soulier, S, 2009)	0.35
"001), and overall mean dosing interval (331."	( Diclofenac potassium liquid-filled soft gelatin capsules in the management of patients with postbunionectomy pain: a Phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted over 5 days. Boesing, SE; Diamond, E; Duckor, S; Gottlieb, I; Raymond, G; Riff, DS; Soulier, S, 2009)	0.35
" It can be a useful tool in the development of novel solid dosage forms."	( A novel fast disintegrating tablet fabricated by three-dimensional printing. Branford-White, C; Welbeck, EW; Yang, XL; Yang, YC; Yu, DG; Zhu, LM, 2009)	0.35
" The added convenience of three times daily dosing may enhance compliance and, therefore, pain relief."	( Patient preference for sustained-release versus standard paracetamol (acetaminophen): a multicentre, randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study in subjects with knee osteoarthritis. Benson, M; Collaku, A; Durocher, J; Marangou, A; Russo, MA; Starkey, YY, )	0.37
" The results indicated that repeated arsenic preexposure decreased susceptibility of rat kidney to acute AP-mediated oxidative stress; on the contrary, its coexposure rendered the rat kidney more vulnerable to oxidative stress induced by the repeated dosing of AP."	( Repeated preexposure or coexposure to arsenic differentially alters acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress in rat kidney. Manimaran, A; Sankar, P; Sarkar, SN, 2011)	0.6
" LPS co-treatment produced a leftward shift of the dose-response curve for APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and led to significantly greater tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) production than APAP alone."	( Bacterial- and viral-induced inflammation increases sensitivity to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Amuzie, CJ; Cantor, GH; Cuff, CF; Ganey, PE; Li, M; Maddox, JF; Newport, SW; Pestka, JJ; Roth, RA; Sparkenbaugh, E, 2010)	0.6
" They were divided into two groups according to the dosage regimen Betaferon was administered."	( Adverse drug reactions after 24-month treatment with two-dosage regimens of betaferon in patients with multiple sclerosis. Kostadinova, II; Manova, MG, )	0.13
"The reduced dosage regimen and corrective treatment reduce the adverse drug reactions and improve drug tolerability."	( Adverse drug reactions after 24-month treatment with two-dosage regimens of betaferon in patients with multiple sclerosis. Kostadinova, II; Manova, MG, )	0.13
" These values are lower than the maximal therapeutic plasma concentrations of acetaminophen (< or =150microM) resulting from typical dosing regimes."	( Acetaminophen (paracetamol) inhibits myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidant production and biological damage at therapeutically achievable concentrations. Davies, MJ; Fu, S; Graham, GG; Hawkins, CL; Kajer, T; Keh, JS; Kettle, AJ; Koelsch, M; Mallak, R; Milligan, MK; Newsham, DW; Nguyen, LQ; Pattison, DI; Rees, MD; Scott, KF; Ziegler, JB, 2010)	2.03
" Maxigesic tablets combine acetaminophen and ibuprofen in clinically appropriate doses to simplify administration and dosage regimen."	( Combined acetaminophen and ibuprofen for pain relief after oral surgery in adults: a randomized controlled trial. Anderson, BJ; Davies, E; Edwards, J; Frampton, C; Gibbs, RD; Merry, AF; Ting, GS, 2010)	1.07
"No clinically relevant changes were noted in the serum concentrations of tapentadol, and accordingly, no dosage adjustments with respect to the investigated pharmacokinetic mechanism of interaction are warranted for the administration of tapentadol given concomitantly with acetaminophen, naproxen, or acetylsalicylic acid."	( Effects of acetaminophen, naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid on tapentadol pharmacokinetics: results of two randomized, open-label, crossover, drug-drug interaction studies. Mangold, B; Oh, C; Ravenstijn, PG; Rengelshausen, J; Smit, JW; Terlinden, R; Upmalis, D; Wang, SS, 2010)	0.93
"To determine the effectiveness of around-the-clock (ATC) analgesic administration, with or without nurse coaching, compared with standard care with as needed (PRN) dosing in children undergoing outpatient tonsillectomy."	( A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy of scheduled dosing of acetaminophen and hydrocodone for the management of postoperative pain in children after tonsillectomy. Holdridge-Zeuner, D; Lanier, B; Mahoney, K; Miaskowski, C; Paul, SM; Savedra, MC; Sutters, KA; Waite, S, 2010)	0.6
" With the exception of constipation, scheduled analgesic dosing did not increase the frequency or severity of opioid-related adverse effects."	( A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy of scheduled dosing of acetaminophen and hydrocodone for the management of postoperative pain in children after tonsillectomy. Holdridge-Zeuner, D; Lanier, B; Mahoney, K; Miaskowski, C; Paul, SM; Savedra, MC; Sutters, KA; Waite, S, 2010)	0.6
"Scheduled dosing of acetaminophen and hydrocodone is more effective than PRN dosing in reducing pain intensity in children after tonsillectomy."	( A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy of scheduled dosing of acetaminophen and hydrocodone for the management of postoperative pain in children after tonsillectomy. Holdridge-Zeuner, D; Lanier, B; Mahoney, K; Miaskowski, C; Paul, SM; Savedra, MC; Sutters, KA; Waite, S, 2010)	0.92
" Mean metabolic ratios of [acetaminophen glucuronide]/[acetaminophen] between 0 and 1h were significantly higher after oral dosing in turkeys, dogs and pigs, revealing the role of first-pass metabolism in incomplete bioavailability."	( Species comparison of oral bioavailability, first-pass metabolism and pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen. Croubels, S; Daminet, S; De Backer, P; De Boever, S; Gommeren, K; Neirinckx, E; Remon, JP; Vervaet, C, 2010)	0.88
" We chose to use random-effects meta-analyses because of the heterogeneity in dosage used."	( Paracetamol/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period. Abalos, E; Chou, D; Gülmezoglu, AM; Gyte, GM, 2010)	0.74
" The treatment started with oxycodone/acetaminophen at the dosage of 5 mg/325 mg, and then the dosage was titrated until the attainment of good pain relief."	( Oxycodone/acetaminophen at low dosage: an alternative pain treatment for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Biasi, G; Corvetta, A; Di Sabatino, V; Galeazzi, M; Pari, C; Raffaeli, W; Sarti, D, )	0.8
" We sought to assess the value of acetaminophen dosing information in patients with acute liver failure (ALF) due to acetaminophen toxicity to determine the role of dose as a prognostic indicator."	( Acetaminophen dose does not predict outcome in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Gregory, B; Larson, AM; Lee, WM; Reisch, J, 2010)	2.08
" Acetaminophen dosing information is not always obtainable."	( Acetaminophen dose does not predict outcome in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Gregory, B; Larson, AM; Lee, WM; Reisch, J, 2010)	2.71
" In general, acetaminophen at reduced dosing is a safe option."	( Pain management in the cirrhotic patient: the clinical challenge. Chandok, N; Watt, KD, 2010)	0.73
" Our patients were divided in two groups, erythromycin in doses of 200 mg four times per day was given to the first group (51 patients) over the first 3 months of the study and in the second group we used placebo with the same dosage and schedule (53 patients)."	( A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of erythromycin in patients with knee effusion due to osteoarthritis. Ardalan, MR; Ghojazadeh, M; Molaeefard, M; Moloudi, R; Noshad, H; Sadreddini, S, 2009)	0.35
" This study suggests that nanoclays may be utilized to tailor the drug's releasing rate and to improve the dosage form's stability by dramatically shortening the lengthy recrystallization process."	( Solid dispersion of acetaminophen and poly(ethylene oxide) prepared by hot-melt mixing. Gogos, C; Huang, CY; Ku, MS; Liu, H; Wang, P; Yang, M, 2010)	0.68
" Acetaminophen with normal dosage is considered a nontoxic drug for therapeutic applications, but when taken at overdose levels it produces liver damage in human and various animal species."	( The effect of acetaminophen nanoparticles on liver toxicity in a rat model. Asefnejad, A; Biazar, E; Mahmoudi, M; Mazinani, R; Montazeri, N; Pourshamsian, K; Rahimi, M; Rezayat, SM; Zadehzare, M; Zeinali, R; Ziaei, M, 2010)	1.63
"Some medication dosing protocols are logistically complex for traditional physician ordering."	( Computerized N-acetylcysteine physician order entry by template protocol for acetaminophen toxicity. Blackwood, L; Leikin, JB; Lu, JJ; Thompson, TM, )	0.36
" To formulate regimens properly, it is essential to appreciate basic pharmacological principles and appropriate dosage strategies for each of the available analgesic classes."	( Pain management: Part 1: Managing acute and postoperative dental pain. Becker, DE, 2010)	0.36
" Consistent with the observed transcriptional changes, FXR gene dosage is positively correlated with the degree of protection from APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo."	( Activation of the farnesoid X receptor provides protection against acetaminophen-induced hepatic toxicity. Chong, HK; de Aguiar Vallim, TQ; Edwards, PA; Jones, SA; Lee, FY; Liu, Y; Osborne, TF; Zhang, Y, 2010)	0.6
" Three times daily dosing may offer enhanced therapeutic effect for longer than twice daily dosing."	( The pharmacokinetic profile of a novel fixed-dose combination tablet of ibuprofen and paracetamol. Aspley, S; Munn, A; Tanner, T; Thomas, T, 2010)	0.36
"Degree of patient knowledge regarding acetaminophen safety, dosing recommendations, toxicity, alternative names and abbreviations, and products."	( Survey of patient knowledge related to acetaminophen recognition, dosing, and toxicity. Donaldson, A; Hester, EK; Hornsby, LB; Thompson, M; Whitley, HP, )	0.67
" Information on the pain condition and number of patients studied, dosing regimen, study design and analgesic outcome measures (total pain relief scores) was extracted and dichotomous outcomes were obtained by calculating the number of patients in each treatment group who achieved at least 50% of the maximum total pain relief score."	( A risk-benefit assessment of paracetamol (acetaminophen) combined with caffeine. Day, R; Graham, G; Palmer, H; Williams, K, 2010)	0.62
" AEs were assessed at 8 hours after dosing in stage 1, at 72 hours after dosing in stage 2, and at the follow-up visit (7-10 days after surgery); in addition, patients were instructed to report any AE that occurred between scheduled assessments."	( A single-tablet fixed-dose combination of racemic ibuprofen/paracetamol in the management of moderate to severe postoperative dental pain in adult and adolescent patients: a multicenter, two-stage, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-control Aspley, S; Christensen, KS; Daniels, SE; Mehlisch, DR; Southerden, KA, 2010)	0.36
" The Parental Analgesia Slide is a new device developed with the objective of improving parental dosing accuracy."	( Parental calculation of pediatric paracetamol dose: a randomized trial comparing the Parental Analgesia Slide with product information leaflets. Franke, U; Hamilton, M; Hixson, R; Mittal, R, 2010)	0.36
" Absolute percentage dose error and the number of correct dosage intervals, frequencies, and demonstrated drug volumes were compared."	( Parental calculation of pediatric paracetamol dose: a randomized trial comparing the Parental Analgesia Slide with product information leaflets. Franke, U; Hamilton, M; Hixson, R; Mittal, R, 2010)	0.36
" Recent human clinical trials of drugs, including acetaminophen (APAP) and ximelagatran, have shown that the metabonomics of biofluids (plasma and urine) collected before and immediately after dosing can identify individual patients who are likely to develop DILI."	( The application of metabonomics to predict drug-induced liver injury. O'Connell, TM; Watkins, PB, 2010)	0.61
"It indicates that clinical consideration must be given to the drug dosage and the possible influence of electroacupuncture on the metabolism of some drugs in order to avoid and reduce adverse reactions."	( [Effects of electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) on Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in rates]. Chen, SH; Meng, GY; Wang, LP; Yan, M; Yang, B, 2010)	0.36
" Piritramide dosage and incidence of side effects were not reduced."	( Efficacy of intravenous paracetamol compared to dipyrone and parecoxib for postoperative pain management after minor-to-intermediate surgery: a randomised, double-blind trial. Brodner, G; Cosanne, I; Ellger, B; Freise, H; Gogarten, W; Hahnenkamp, K; Huppertz-Thyssen, M; Van Aken, H; Wempe, C, 2011)	0.37
" Previous dose-response studies have had conflicting results."	( Diphenhydramine dose-response: a novel approach to determine triage thresholds. Aleguas, A; Benson, BE; Borys, DJ; Farooqi, MF; Klein-Schwartz, W; Litovitz, T; Lung, D; Rutherfoord Rose, S; Seifert, SA; Sollee, DR; Webb, AN, 2010)	0.36
" To progress to quantitative dose-response analysis needed for hazard characterization, in hepatic systems toxicology studies, generation of toxicogenomic data of multiple doses/concentrations and time points is required."	( Application of toxicogenomics in hepatic systems toxicology for risk assessment: acetaminophen as a case study. Bessems, JG; Driessen, M; Kienhuis, AS; Luijten, M; Peijnenburg, AA; Pennings, JL; van Delft, JH; van der Ven, LT, 2011)	0.6
"Concern exists about the potential for liver injury with therapeutic dosing of acetaminophen in children."	( Therapeutic acetaminophen is not associated with liver injury in children: a systematic review. Dart, RC; Lavonas, EJ; Reynolds, KM, 2010)	0.97
"Hepatoxicity after therapeutic dosing of acetaminophen in children is rarely reported in defined-population studies."	( Therapeutic acetaminophen is not associated with liver injury in children: a systematic review. Dart, RC; Lavonas, EJ; Reynolds, KM, 2010)	1.01
" Formal meta-analysis pooling was not performed because the studies had different primary end points, and the IV acetaminophen dosing regimens varied in dose, and duration and timing."	( A literature review of randomized clinical trials of intravenous acetaminophen (paracetamol) for acute postoperative pain. Macario, A; Royal, MA, )	0.58
" Although acetylcysteine prevents or minimizes acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and reduces mortality, some patients presenting with complicated overdose scenarios (massive ingestions or combination or modified-release formulations) may develop toxicity despite administration of recommended dosage regimen."	( Intravenous acetylcysteine for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. Doyon, S; Klein-Schwartz, W, 2011)	0.88
" Acetylcysteine dosing should be individualized in patients with complicated presentations and in particular situations in which plasma acetaminophen concentrations may be persistently elevated at the end of the infusion or in late presenters."	( Intravenous acetylcysteine for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. Doyon, S; Klein-Schwartz, W, 2011)	0.83
" The utility and efficacy of acetaminophen is well established; however, due to chronic excessive dosing of over-the-counter acetaminophen products and prescription opioid combination products resulting in the potential for hepatic toxicity, concerns remain about acetaminophen safety."	( Safety of multiple-dose intravenous acetaminophen in adult inpatients. Bergese, SD; Candiotti, KA; Royal, MA; Singla, NK; Singla, SK; Viscusi, ER, 2010)	0.93
"The data presented here establish, for the first time, a direct neurotoxic action by AAP both in vivo and in vitro in rats at doses below those required to produce hepatotoxicity and suggest that this neurotoxicity might be involved in the general toxic syndrome observed during patient APP overdose and, possibly, also when AAP doses in the upper dosing schedule are used, especially if other risk factors (moderate drinking, fasting, nutritional impairment) are present."	( Acetaminophen induces apoptosis in rat cortical neurons. Blanco, A; Ceña, V; Muñoz-Fernández, M; Posadas, I; Santos, P, 2010)	1.8
" Practitioners should caution patients to follow recommended dosage instructions and avoid taking multiple APAP-containing products."	( The therapeutic applications of and risks associated with acetaminophen use: a review and update. Guggenheimer, J; Moore, PA, 2011)	0.61
" The paper gives examples of MRI application of in vitro imaging of pharmaceutical dosage based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose which have focused on water-penetration, diffusion, polymer swelling, and drug release, characterized with respect to other physical parameters such as pH and the molecular weight of polymer."	( A possible application of magnetic resonance imaging for pharmaceutical research. Kowalczuk, J; Tritt-Goc, J, 2011)	0.37
" The dosing times were 1 hour before separator placement and 3 and 7 hours after separator placement."	( Effects of analgesics on orthodontic pain. Fillingim, R; Logan, H; McGorray, SP; Patel, S; Wheeler, TT; Yezierski, R, 2011)	0.37
"We determined acetaminophen protein adduct levels, in combination with a literature review and systematic evaluation of the cases, using the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method for drug-induced liver injury to assess causality between recommended acetaminophen dosing and acute liver failure in two children with myopathies."	( Acute liver failure after recommended doses of acetaminophen in patients with myopathies. Ceelie, I; de Wildt, SN; Gijsen, V; Ito, S; James, LP; Koren, G; Mathot, RA; Tesselaar, CD; Tibboel, D, 2011)	0.99
" Absorption of the drug can be impacted by dosage form; this may have implications for pain relief in some individuals, potentially accounting for suboptimal efficacy in analgesia."	( Comparison of a novel fast-dissolving acetaminophen tablet formulation (FD-APAP) and standard acetaminophen tablets using gamma scintigraphy and pharmacokinetic studies. Clarke, CP; Clarke, GD; Starkey, YY; Wilson, CG, 2011)	0.64
"Medication dosing errors by parents are frequent."	( Use of a pictographic diagram to decrease parent dosing errors with infant acetaminophen: a health literacy perspective. Bazan, IS; Dreyer, BP; Fierman, A; Mendelsohn, AL; van Schaick, L; Yin, HS, )	0.36
" The primary outcome variable was dosing accuracy (error defined as >20% deviation above/below dose; large overdosing error defined as >1."	( Use of a pictographic diagram to decrease parent dosing errors with infant acetaminophen: a health literacy perspective. Bazan, IS; Dreyer, BP; Fierman, A; Mendelsohn, AL; van Schaick, L; Yin, HS, )	0.36
" Pictogram benefit varied by health literacy, with a statistically significant difference in dosing error evident in the text-plus-pictogram group compared to the text-only group among parents with low health literacy (50."	( Use of a pictographic diagram to decrease parent dosing errors with infant acetaminophen: a health literacy perspective. Bazan, IS; Dreyer, BP; Fierman, A; Mendelsohn, AL; van Schaick, L; Yin, HS, )	0.36
"Inclusion of pictographic dosing diagrams as part of written medication instructions for infant acetaminophen may help parents provide doses of medication more accurately, especially those with low health literacy."	( Use of a pictographic diagram to decrease parent dosing errors with infant acetaminophen: a health literacy perspective. Bazan, IS; Dreyer, BP; Fierman, A; Mendelsohn, AL; van Schaick, L; Yin, HS, )	0.58
" dosing can cause symptomatic hyponatraemia in children."	( Using 0.45% saline solution and a modified dosing regimen for infusing N-acetylcysteine in children with paracetamol poisoning. Deasy, C; Oakley, E; Robinson, J, 2011)	0.37
"45% saline plus 5% dextrose, and a novel two-stage dosing regimen between January 2003 and July 2006 were undertaken."	( Using 0.45% saline solution and a modified dosing regimen for infusing N-acetylcysteine in children with paracetamol poisoning. Deasy, C; Oakley, E; Robinson, J, 2011)	0.37
"Managing persistent pain is challenging, particularly in older adults who often have comorbidities and physiological changes that affect dosing and adverse effect profiles."	( Pharmacological management of persistent pain in older persons: focus on opioids and nonopioids. Gloth, FM, 2011)	0.37
" Interestingly, drug dosage reduction permitted to reduce the incidence of possible adverse effects, namely exploratory activity and motor coordination, thus it was demonstrated that it improved the benefit/risk profile of such treatment."	( Fentanyl-trazodone-paracetamol triple drug combination: multimodal analgesia in a mouse model of visceral pain. Ciruela, F; Fernández, A; Fernández-Dueñas, V; Planas, E; Poveda, R; Sánchez, S, 2011)	0.37
"The aim was to describe intravenous paracetamol pharmacokinetics, determine major covariates and suggest a dosing regimen for (pre)term neonates."	( The pharmacokinetics of intravenous paracetamol in neonates: size matters most. Allegaert, K; Anderson, BJ; Palmer, GM, 2011)	0.37
"The aim of this work was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of repeated doses of 2 dosing regimens of intravenous acetaminophen compared with placebo over 24 hours in subjects with moderate to severe pain after abdominal laparoscopic surgery."	( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, repeat-dose study of two intravenous acetaminophen dosing regimens for the treatment of pain after abdominal laparoscopic surgery. Ang, RY; Breitmeyer, JB; Miller, H; Minkowitz, HS; Royal, MA; Singla, NK; Wininger, SJ, 2010)	0.78
"Medicines are most often oral solid dosage forms made into tablets or capsules, and there is little room for individualized doses."	( Inkjet printing of drug substances and use of porous substrates-towards individualized dosing. Ihalainen, P; Kronberg, L; Määttänen, A; Meierjohann, A; Peltonen, J; Sandler, N; Viitala, T, 2011)	0.37
" However, the concentrations of APAP-CYS during therapeutic dosing, in cases of acetaminophen toxicity from repeated dosing and in cases of hepatic injury from non-acetaminophen hepatotoxins have not been well characterized."	( Acetaminophen-cysteine adducts during therapeutic dosing and following overdose. Dart, RC; Green, JL; Heard, KJ; James, LP; Judge, BS; Rhyee, S; Zolot, L, 2011)	2.04
" Trial 1 consisted of non-drinkers who received APAP for 10 days, Trial 2 consisted of moderate drinkers dosed for 10 days and Trial 3 included subjects who chronically abuse alcohol dosed for 5 days."	( Acetaminophen-cysteine adducts during therapeutic dosing and following overdose. Dart, RC; Green, JL; Heard, KJ; James, LP; Judge, BS; Rhyee, S; Zolot, L, 2011)	1.81
" In cases of massive acetaminophen overdose, standard acetylcysteine dosing may not be adequate."	( Hepatic failure despite early acetylcysteine following large acetaminophen-diphenhydramine overdose. Bagdure, D; Heard, K; Monte, A; Wang, GS, 2011)	0.93
" C3H/HeOuJ mice were dosed by oral gavage with diclofenac (DF), APAP, AMAP, OFLX, MET, or CMZ."	( Oral exposure to drugs with immune-adjuvant potential induces hypersensitivity responses to the reporter antigen TNP-OVA. Bleumink, R; Boon, L; Fiechter, D; Hassing, I; Kwast, LM; Ludwig, IS; Pieters, RH, 2011)	0.37
"Oral-sustained release gel formulations with suitable rheological properties have been proposed as a means of improving the compliance of dysphagic and geriatric patients who have difficulties with handling and swallowing oral dosage forms."	( In situ gelling formulation based on methylcellulose/pectin system for oral-sustained drug delivery to dysphagic patients. Attwood, D; D'Emanuele, A; Hatakeyama, T; Itoh, K; Miyazaki, S; Shimoyama, T, 2011)	0.37
"Conventional solid oral dosage forms are unsuitable for children due to problems associated with swallowing and unpleasant taste."	( Use of the direct compression aid Ludiflash(®) for the preparation of pellets via wet extrusion/spheronization. Griesbacher, M; Khinast, J; Radl, S; Roblegg, E; Schrank, S; Zimmer, A, 2011)	0.37
" Questions were designed to assess physician knowledge of acetaminophen dosing and toxicity, recognition of prescription and over-the-counter products containing acetaminophen, and education provided to patients when prescribing acetaminophen-containing products."	( Survey of physician knowledge and counseling practices regarding acetaminophen. Andrus, M; Hornsby, LB; Przybylowicz, J; Starr, J, 2010)	0.84
"Many physicians are unaware of acetaminophen dosing and toxicity issues and have some difficulty identifying acetaminophen-containing products."	( Survey of physician knowledge and counseling practices regarding acetaminophen. Andrus, M; Hornsby, LB; Przybylowicz, J; Starr, J, 2010)	0.88
"An 89-year-old man receiving long-term anticoagulation with warfarin sodium (total weekly dosage of 19 mg) arrived at the anticoagulation clinic for his monthly visit."	( Moxifloxacin-acetaminophen-warfarin interaction during bacille Calmette-Guerin treatment for bladder cancer. Berube, C; Lee, R; Wen, A, 2011)	0.74
" For each drug, 6 healthy male volunteers were dosed with 100 μg (14)C-labelled compound."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics between a microdose and therapeutic dose for clarithromycin, sumatriptan, propafenone, paracetamol (acetaminophen), and phenobarbital in human volunteers. Alder, J; Bjerrum, OJ; Brian Houston, J; Garner, C; Gesson, C; Grynkiewicz, G; Jochemsen, R; Lappin, G; Oosterhuis, B; Rowland, M; Shishikura, Y; Weaver, RJ, 2011)	0.57
"Elicit subject feedback about active ingredient and dosing information on over-the-counter (OTC) acetaminophen and elicit feedback on proposed plain-language text and icons."	( Developing consumer-centered, nonprescription drug labeling a study in acetaminophen. Bailey, SC; Davis, TC; Di Francesco, L; Hedlund, LA; Jacobson, KL; King, JP; Parker, RM; Wolf, MS, 2011)	0.82
" The labeled dosing regimen for Acetadote, the only intravenous N-acetylcysteine (IV-NAC) product approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of acetaminophen toxicity, is a complex 3-step process that produces frequent medication errors."	( Evaluation of a simplified N-acetylcysteine dosing regimen for the treatment of acetaminophen toxicity. Halcomb, SE; Johnson, MT; McCammon, CA; Mullins, ME, 2011)	0.79
" Charts were reviewed for prescribing practices, dosing errors, and clinical outcomes."	( Evaluation of a simplified N-acetylcysteine dosing regimen for the treatment of acetaminophen toxicity. Halcomb, SE; Johnson, MT; McCammon, CA; Mullins, ME, 2011)	0.6
" A further 15% (668) of prescriptions contained insufficient dosage data to determine their status, 13."	( Paracetamol prescribing in primary care: too little and too much? Helms, PJ; Kazouini, A; McLay, JS; Mohammed, BS; Simpson, CR, 2011)	0.37
"To predict drug dissolution and understand the mechanisms of drug release from wax matrix dosage forms containing glyceryl monostearate (GM; a wax base), aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E (AMCE; a pH-dependent functional polymer), and acetaminophen (APAP; a model drug), we tried to derive a novel mathematical model with respect to erosion and diffusion theory."	( A theoretical approach to evaluate the release rate of acetaminophen from erosive wax matrix dosage forms. Agata, Y; Itai, S; Iwao, Y; Miyagishima, A; Shiino, K, 2011)	0.8
" None of the treatments significantly affected the central models of pain at this dosage level."	( A randomized, controlled trial validates a peripheral supra-additive antihyperalgesic effect of a paracetamol-ketorolac combination. Besson, M; Daali, Y; Dayer, P; Desmeules, J; Ing Lorenzini, K; Salomon, D, 2011)	0.37
" Low clinical heterogeneity was found for comparisons with low dosage of acetaminophen, normal dosage of NSAIDs, and moderate pain intensity at baseline."	( NSAIDs vs acetaminophen in knee and hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review regarding heterogeneity influencing the outcomes. Bierma-Zeinstra, SM; Bohnen, AM; Koes, BW; Luijsterburg, PA; Verkleij, SP, 2011)	1
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is safe at therapeutic dosage but can cause severe hepatotoxicity if used at overdose."	( Acetaminophen overdose-induced liver injury in mice is mediated by peroxynitrite independently of the cyclophilin D-regulated permeability transition. Boelsterli, UA; LoGuidice, A, 2011)	3.25
" formulation of APAP represents a safe and effective first-line analgesic agent for the treatment of acute mild-to-moderate pain in the perioperative setting when oral agents may be impractical or when rapid onset with predictable therapeutic dosing is required."	( Perioperative intravenous acetaminophen and NSAIDs. Smith, HS, 2011)	0.67
"" By contrast, patients had difficulty developing a routine around using acetaminophen at the recommended maximum dose because of the implicit frequency of dosing required and an aversion to the associated "pill load."	( "It looks after me": how older patients make decisions about analgesics for osteoarthritis. Day, RO; Lipworth, WL; Milder, TY; Ritchie, JE; Williams, KM, 2011)	0.6
"The aim of this study was to explore the pharmacokinetic profiles of the new ER tramadol/acetaminophen fixed-dose combination and compare them with those of a conventional immediate-release (IR) formulation after multiple dosing as a Phase I clinical exploratory trial."	( Pharmacokinetics of extended-release versus conventional tramadol/acetaminophen fixed-dose combination tablets: an open-label, 2-treatment, multiple-dose, randomized-sequence crossover study in healthy korean male volunteers. Cho, JY; Chung, YJ; Jang, IJ; Kim, TE; Shin, HS; Shin, SG; Yi, S; Yoon, SH; Yu, KS, 2011)	0.83
"In this systematic review we present information relating to the benefits and harms of the following interventions: differences in efficacy among different oral NSAIDs, between oral and topical NSAIDs, and between oral NSAIDs and alternative analgesics; dose-response relationship of oral NSAIDs; and H(2) blockers, misoprostol, or proton pump inhibitors to mitigate gastrointestinal adverse effects of oral NSAIDs."	( NSAIDs. Gøtzsche, PC, 2010)	0.36
" Toxicity studies with Diclofenac, Paracetamol and Verapamil in both cell lines show dose-response characteristics and EC(50) values similar to hHeps."	( Comparative analysis of phase I and II enzyme activities in 5 hepatic cell lines identifies Huh-7 and HCC-T cells with the highest potential to study drug metabolism. Dooley, S; Ehnert, S; Hao, L; Lin, J; Liu, L; Mühl-Benninghaus, R; Neumann, J; Nussler, AK; Nussler, N; Schyschka, L; Stöckle, U, 2012)	0.38
" While dosing errors are common, in most cases, overdoses produce minimal clinical effects."	( Massive acetylcysteine overdose associated with cerebral edema and seizures. Heard, K; Schaeffer, TH, 2011)	0.37
" The prognostic value of patient-reported dosage cut-offs of 8, 10 and 12 g was determined."	( Reliability of the reported ingested dose of acetaminophen for predicting the risk of toxicity in acetaminophen overdose patients. Awang, R; Sulaiman, SA; Zyoud, SH, 2012)	0.64
"8 percent vomiting, which affected adherence to prescribed dosing regimens and, thus, is inversely associated with the level of pain relief."	( Oxycodone-related side effects: impact on degree of bother, adherence, pain relief, satisfaction, and quality of life. Ackerman, SJ; Anastassopoulos, KP; Benson, C; Chow, W; Kim, MS; Tapia, C, )	0.13
" This may result in dosing errors, a delay in treatment, or possibly more adverse effects - due to the use of a high dose rate for the first infusion when treatment is initiated."	( A dosing regimen for immediate N-acetylcysteine treatment for acute paracetamol overdose. Coulter, CV; Duffull, SB; Isbister, GK; Shen, F, 2011)	0.37
"Our aim was to investigate a novel dosing regimen for the immediate administration of NAC on admission at a lower infusion rate."	( A dosing regimen for immediate N-acetylcysteine treatment for acute paracetamol overdose. Coulter, CV; Duffull, SB; Isbister, GK; Shen, F, 2011)	0.37
" We investigated an NAC infusion using a lower dosing rate initiated immediately on presentation."	( A dosing regimen for immediate N-acetylcysteine treatment for acute paracetamol overdose. Coulter, CV; Duffull, SB; Isbister, GK; Shen, F, 2011)	0.37
"Lower dosing rates of NAC initiated immediately resulted in a similar exposure to NAC."	( A dosing regimen for immediate N-acetylcysteine treatment for acute paracetamol overdose. Coulter, CV; Duffull, SB; Isbister, GK; Shen, F, 2011)	0.37
"The novel dosing regimen allowed immediate treatment of a patient using a lower dosing rate."	( A dosing regimen for immediate N-acetylcysteine treatment for acute paracetamol overdose. Coulter, CV; Duffull, SB; Isbister, GK; Shen, F, 2011)	0.37
" One of these is the increase in 5-oxoproline and ophthalmic acid concentrations with increased dosage of paracetamol."	( A mathematical modelling approach to assessing the reliability of biomarkers of glutathione metabolism. du Preez, FB; Geenen, S; Kenna, JG; Nijhout, HF; Reed, M; Snoep, JL; Westerhoff, HV; Wilson, ID, 2012)	0.38
" The average lengths of treatment and stay for IV dosing were 23."	( Assessment of the clinical use of intravenous and oral N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of acute acetaminophen poisoning in children: a retrospective review. Blackford, MG; Felter, T; Gothard, MD; Reed, MD, 2011)	0.59
"Based on our review, the majority of patients received recommended dosing of NAC therapy; however, 3 patients received extended NAC therapy."	( Assessment of the clinical use of intravenous and oral N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of acute acetaminophen poisoning in children: a retrospective review. Blackford, MG; Felter, T; Gothard, MD; Reed, MD, 2011)	0.59
" Sigmoidal dose-response curves were plotted and IC(50) values were estimated."	( In vitro and in situ evaluation of herb-drug interactions during intestinal metabolism and absorption of baicalein. Fong, YK; Li, CR; Lin, G; Wang, S; Wo, SK; Zhang, L; Zhou, L; Zuo, Z, 2012)	0.38
" Three hundred milligrams per kilogram APAP was chosen because this dosage induces hepatotoxicity but is not lethal."	( 3,5,5-trimethyl-hexanoyl-ferrocene diet protects mice from moderate transient acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Aliaga, C; Amin, S; Isom, HC; Kang, BH; Kocher, S; Krzeminski, J; McDevitt, EI; Moon, MS; Richie, JP; Zhu, J, 2011)	0.6
" The objective of this study was to determine if caregivers give children with fever an accurate dose of acetaminophen and determine factors associated with dosing inaccuracy."	( Accuracy of acetaminophen dosing in children by caregivers in Saudi Arabia. Alenazi, F; Alomar, M; Alruwaili, N, )	0.72
"To study the proportion of APAP users potentially consuming APAP over the currently recommended dosage (4 g/day) and a toxic dosage (10 g/day)."	( Prescription-acquired acetaminophen use and potential overuse patterns: 2001-2008. Gokhale, M; Martin, BC, 2012)	0.69
" In several small prospective studies, INR results were elevated to a statistically significant extent that would require a change in warfarin dosing and monitoring in clinical practice."	( Effect of acetaminophen on international normalized ratio in patients receiving warfarin therapy. Hughes, GJ; Patel, PN; Saxena, N, 2011)	0.77
" Dosing adjustments are not required when switching between oral and injectable acetaminophen formulations in adult and adolescent patients."	( Acetaminophen injection: a review of clinical information. Jones, VM, 2011)	2.04
" Subanaesthetic doses of ketamine have an opioid-sparing effect, but the optimal dosing regimen is uncertain."	( [Post-operative pain management in hospitals]. Borchgrevink, PC; Fredheim, OM; Kvarstein, G, 2011)	0.37
" Age-based dosing guidelines can lead to inappropriate dosing."	( British National Formulary for Children: the risk of inappropriate paracetamol prescribing. Beasley, R; Eastwood, A; Eyers, S; Fingleton, J; Perrin, K, 2012)	0.38
"Underweight and overweight children are at risk of inappropriate paracetamol administration based on BNFC age-based dosing instructions."	( British National Formulary for Children: the risk of inappropriate paracetamol prescribing. Beasley, R; Eastwood, A; Eyers, S; Fingleton, J; Perrin, K, 2012)	0.38
"18), and no dose-response effects were present in either analysis."	( The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of Barrett's oesophagus. Green, AC; Pandeya, N; Smith, KJ; Thrift, AP; Webb, PM; Whiteman, DC, 2011)	0.37
" However, the complicated dosing regimen is prone to errors in preparation and administration."	( Hemolysis and hemolytic uremic syndrome following five-fold N-acetylcysteine overdose. Mullins, ME; Vitkovitsky, IV, 2011)	0.37
" Efforts to curtail this practice may involve provision of prescriber and pharmacist education, utilization of benefit manager systems to flag excessive dosing or that require confirmation of dosing, and implementation of US FDA recommendations supported by these data."	( Opioid-paracetamol prescription patterns and liver dysfunction: a retrospective cohort study in a population served by a US health benefits organization. Mort, JR; Ndehi, LN; Shiyanbola, OO; Stacy, JN; Xu, Y, 2011)	0.37
" Rescue medication consumption, requests, and actual administration were all significantly lower in the IV acetaminophen group compared with placebo for each dosing interval, except in the 6- to 12-hours interval where a numerical trend was observed."	( Intravenous acetaminophen for pain after major orthopedic surgery: an expanded analysis. Breitmeyer, JB; Groudine, SB; Jahr, JS; Reynolds, L; Royal, MA; Sinatra, RS; Viscusi, ER, 2012)	0.97
" A variety of observations suggest that acetaminophen use has contributed to the recent increase in asthma prevalence in children: (1) the strength of the association; (2) the consistency of the association across age, geography, and culture; (3) the dose-response relationship; (4) the timing of increased acetaminophen use and the asthma epidemic; (5) the relationship between per-capita sales of acetaminophen and asthma prevalence across countries; (6) the results of a double-blind trial of ibuprofen and acetaminophen for treatment of fever in asthmatic children; and (7) the biologically plausible mechanism of glutathione depletion in airway mucosa."	( The association of acetaminophen and asthma prevalence and severity. McBride, JT, 2011)	0.97
" The dogs were dosed with phenacetin orally at 5 and 15 mg/kg and intravenously at 15 mg/kg."	( Phenacetin pharmacokinetics in CYP1A2-deficient beagle dogs. Lentz, KA; Morgan, DG; Orcutt, TL; Sinz, MW; Whiterock, VJ, 2012)	0.38
" Based on these data, dosing suggestions were formulated."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous acetaminophen in neonates. Allegaert, K; van den Anker, J, 2011)	0.62
" A ten-fold IV paracetamol dosing error ocurred, with delayed recognition and treatment resulting in transient hepatotoxicity, with a peak alanine transaminase (ALT) of 1378 IU/L in a 3-year-old child."	( Intravenous paracetamol toxicity in a malnourished child. Anscombe, M; Berling, I; Isbister, GK, 2012)	0.38
" We conclude that repeated dosing through transversus abdominis plane catheters may be offered to women as an alternative or adjuvant to intrathecal morphine."	( Transversus abdominis plane catheters for post-cesarean delivery analgesia: a series of five cases. Bollag, L; Landau, R; Ortner, C; Richebe, P, 2012)	0.38
" Influent pH 3, initial H(2)O(2) dosage 60 mg/L, [H(2)O(2)]/[Fe(2+)] ratio 60 : 1 are the optimum conditions observed for 20 mg/L initial paracetamol concentration."	( Enhanced degradation of paracetamol by UV-C supported photo-Fenton process over Fenton oxidation. Mahamood, S; Manu, B, 2011)	0.37
"Bioadhesive buccal films are innovative dosage forms with the ability to adhere to the mucosal surface and subsequently hydrate to release and deliver drugs across the buccal membrane."	( Novel films for drug delivery via the buccal mucosa using model soluble and insoluble drugs. Antonijevic, MD; Boateng, JS; Chowdhry, BZ; Kianfar, F, 2012)	0.38
" The European Medicines Agency (EMEA) imposes analytical testing limits in the order of μg/g, depending on drug dosage and exposure period, that means the need of a sensitive and selective method of analysis."	( A new liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approach for generic screening and quantitation of potential genotoxic alkylation compounds without derivatization. Cappiello, A; Famiglini, G; Palma, P; Termopoli, V; Trufelli, H, 2012)	0.38
" Microfluidic bioartificial organs enable the spatial and temporal control of cell growth and biochemistry, critical for organ-specific metabolic functions and particularly relevant to testing the metabolic dose-response signatures associated with both pharmaceutical and environmental toxicity."	( Metabolomics-on-a-chip and predictive systems toxicology in microfluidic bioartificial organs. Baudoin, R; Blaise, BJ; Brochot, C; Defernez, M; Domange, C; Dumas, ME; Leclerc, E; Legallais, C; Navratil, V; Péry, AR; Pontoizeau, C; Prot, JM; Shintu, L; Toulhoat, P, 2012)	0.38
" Experience from Europe indicates that serious dosing errors are likely to occur."	( Intravenous acetaminophen in the United States: iatrogenic dosing errors. Dart, RC; Rumack, BH, 2012)	0.76
"The purpose of this study, in a sample of preschool children (ages 3-5 years; N = 47), was to evaluate the feasibility of scheduled analgesic dosing following outpatient tonsillectomy in order to optimize pain management."	( A descriptive feasibility study to evaluate scheduled oral analgesic dosing at home for the management of postoperative pain in preschool children following tonsillectomy. Holdridge-Zeuner, D; Lanier, B; Mahoney, K; Miaskowski, C; Paul, SM; Savedra, MC; Sutters, KA; Waite, S, 2012)	0.38
" Time-contingent dosing was associated with moderate to severe side effects and should be addressed in discharge teaching with parents."	( A descriptive feasibility study to evaluate scheduled oral analgesic dosing at home for the management of postoperative pain in preschool children following tonsillectomy. Holdridge-Zeuner, D; Lanier, B; Mahoney, K; Miaskowski, C; Paul, SM; Savedra, MC; Sutters, KA; Waite, S, 2012)	0.38
" This commentary addresses the reasons for this, and the background to choice of dose of acetylcysteine utilized in the oral and IV dosing regimens."	( Acetaminophen and acetylcysteine dose and duration: past, present and future. Bateman, DN; Rumack, BH, 2012)	1.82
" In addition, we compiled dose-response data for 4 commonly used analgesics: buprenorphine, carprofen, ketoprofen, and acetaminophen."	( Using the Mouse Grimace Scale to reevaluate the efficacy of postoperative analgesics in laboratory mice. King, OD; Matsumiya, LC; Mogil, JS; Sorge, RE; Sotocinal, SG; Tabaka, JM; Wieskopf, JS; Zaloum, A, 2012)	0.59
" However, dosing and differential effects on peripheral and central hyperalgesia are still to be determined."	( Dose response of tramadol and its combination with paracetamol in UVB induced hyperalgesia. Gustorff, B; Margeta, K; Ortner, CM; Schulz, M; Steiner, I, 2012)	0.38
"From wax matrix dosage forms, drug and water-soluble polymer are released into the external solvent over time."	( A novel mathematical model considering change of diffusion coefficient for predicting dissolution behavior of acetaminophen from wax matrix dosage form. Agata, Y; Itai, S; Iwao, Y; Nitanai, Y, 2012)	0.59
"Adult patients with pain from osteoarthritis receiving a stable dosage of HCD/APAP (i."	( A randomized, 14-day, double-blind study evaluating conversion from hydrocodone/acetaminophen (Vicodin) to buprenorphine transdermal system 10 μg/h or 20 μg/h in patients with osteoarthritis pain. Landau, CJ; McCarberg, BH; Munera, C; Ripa, SR; Wen, W, 2012)	0.61
" Cumulative APAP dosage greater than 1 kg and APAP use for longer than 30 days in the pre-index year were not significantly associated with an increased risk of renal disease (both P values = 0."	( Acute and chronic acetaminophen use and renal disease: a case-control study using pharmacy and medical claims. Cleves, MA; Foster, HR; Hogan, WR; James, LP; Kelkar, M; Martin, BC, 2012)	0.71
" The value for area under the concentration-time curve over the 6h dosing interval of venous plasma (45."	( Investigating paracetamol pharmacokinetics using venous and capillary blood and saliva sampling. McLachlan, AJ; Rittau, AM, 2012)	0.38
" For preventative treament of migraine, cyproheptadine should be reserved for younger children unable to swallow tablets while amitriptyline is preferred due to its once daily dosing and minimal side effects."	( Treating pediatric migraine: an expert opinion. Hershey, AD; Kabbouche, MA; O'Brien, HL, 2012)	0.38
" The FDA has conducted multiple advisory committee meetings to evaluate acetaminophen and its safety profile, and has suggested (but not mandated) a reduction in the maximum daily dosage from 3900-4000 mg to 3000-3250 mg."	( Confusion: acetaminophen dosing changes based on NO evidence in adults. Krenzelok, EP; Royal, MA, 2012)	1
" The final model shows that for commonly used dosing regimens, the population mean PG peak and trough concentrations range between 33-144 and 28-218 mg l(-1) (peak) and 19-109 and 6-112 mg l(-1) (trough) for paracetamol and phenobarbital formulations, respectively, depending on birth weight and age of the neonates."	( Developmental pharmacokinetics of propylene glycol in preterm and term neonates. Allegaert, K; Danhof, M; De Cock, RF; de Hoon, J; Knibbe, CA; Kulo, A; Verbesselt, R, 2013)	0.39
" In one case, we found that the use of estimated APAP dosage alone led to inappropriate NAC medication."	( [Study of the serum concentrations of acetaminophen overdose]. Hosoya, J; Iseki, K; Shiraishi, T; Suzuki, T; Takahashi, N; Tominaga, A; Toyoguchi, T, 2012)	0.65
" A recent study highlighted the risk of overdose of paracetamol using British National Formulary for Children (BNFC) age-based dosing guidelines."	( Proposed MHRA changes to UK children's paracetamol dosing recommendations: modelling study. Beasley, R; Eyers, S; Fingleton, J; Perrin, K, 2012)	0.38
"Theoretical comparison of the proposed MHRA dosing system with the product dosing instructions of a commonly prescribed form of paracetamol in the UK."	( Proposed MHRA changes to UK children's paracetamol dosing recommendations: modelling study. Beasley, R; Eyers, S; Fingleton, J; Perrin, K, 2012)	0.38
"United Kingdom Participants Proposed MHRA dosing recommendations and current product dosing instructions were compared using a previously validated model."	( Proposed MHRA changes to UK children's paracetamol dosing recommendations: modelling study. Beasley, R; Eyers, S; Fingleton, J; Perrin, K, 2012)	0.38
"For both dosing recommendations, single and cumulative daily doses of paracetamol for boys and girls at the 9th, 50th and 91st centiles for weight were calculated for 3 month, 1 year, 6 year and 12 year age groups."	( Proposed MHRA changes to UK children's paracetamol dosing recommendations: modelling study. Beasley, R; Eyers, S; Fingleton, J; Perrin, K, 2012)	0.38
"With the current product dosing instructions, underweight children are at risk of receiving approximately two times the recommended single and cumulative daily dose of paracetamol, particularly at age 1 year and 6 years."	( Proposed MHRA changes to UK children's paracetamol dosing recommendations: modelling study. Beasley, R; Eyers, S; Fingleton, J; Perrin, K, 2012)	0.38
"The proposed MHRA dosing recommendations for paracetamol use in children are effective at reducing the risk of paracetamol overdose in children of all ages, when compared with current product dosing instructions."	( Proposed MHRA changes to UK children's paracetamol dosing recommendations: modelling study. Beasley, R; Eyers, S; Fingleton, J; Perrin, K, 2012)	0.38
" Mkp-1⁺/⁺ and Mkp-1⁻/⁻ mice were dosed ip with vehicle or acetaminophen at 300 mg/kg (for mechanistic studies) or 400 mg/kg (for survival studies)."	( Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (Mkp)-1 protects mice against acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury. Liu, Y; Meng, X; Rogers, LK; Wancket, LM, 2012)	0.85
"2 % made serious errors by dosing out more than six grams."	( Risk of unintentional overdose with non-prescription acetaminophen products. Bailey, SC; Davis, TC; Di Francesco, L; Jacobson, K; King, J; McCarthy, D; Mullen, R; Parker, RM; Serper, M; Wolf, MS, 2012)	0.63
"A reproducible, rapid and sensitive method has been developed for the assay of chlorzoxazone (CHL), paracetamol (PCM) and aceclofenac (ACE) in their combined solid dosage forms using packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC)."	( Development and validation of packed column supercritical fluid chromatographic technique for quantification of chlorzoxazone, paracetamol and aceclofenac in their individual and combined dosage forms. Desai, PP; Mehta, PJ; Patel, NR; Sherikar, OD, 2012)	0.38
"Using plasma from APAP poisoned mice, either lethally (500 mg/kg) or sublethally (150 mg/kg) dosed, we screened commercially available murine microRNA libraries (SABiosciences, Qiagen Sciences, MD) to evaluate for unique miRNA profiles between these two dosing parameters."	( Plasma microRNA profiles distinguish lethal injury in acetaminophen toxicity: a research study. Bala, S; Petrasek, J; Szabo, G; Ward, J, 2012)	0.63
"We distinguished numerous, unique plasma miRNAs both up- and downregulated in lethally compared to sublethally dosed mice."	( Plasma microRNA profiles distinguish lethal injury in acetaminophen toxicity: a research study. Bala, S; Petrasek, J; Szabo, G; Ward, J, 2012)	0.63
"70), though an increase of similar magnitude among past users and lack of a dose-response effect did not support a pharmacologic mechanism."	( Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen, and risk of skin cancer in the Nurses' Health Study. Alberts, DS; Feskanich, D; Han, J; Jeter, JM; Martinez, ME; Qureshi, AA, 2012)	0.65
"This study aims to explore the knowledge of a randomly selected cohort of Iranian general practitioners (GPs) on the topic of acetaminophen dosing for fever in children."	( Knowledge of Iranian general practitioners for acetaminophen dosing in children. Bagheri, M; Mirmoghtadaee, P; Sabzghabaee, AM; Soltani, R, 2012)	0.84
" Questions were designed to evaluate the knowledge of GPs on acetaminophen dosing amount and interval for fever in children and were formatted as multiple choice answers."	( Knowledge of Iranian general practitioners for acetaminophen dosing in children. Bagheri, M; Mirmoghtadaee, P; Sabzghabaee, AM; Soltani, R, 2012)	0.88
"7% did not routinely give parents instructions on the dosing of antipyretics."	( Knowledge of Iranian general practitioners for acetaminophen dosing in children. Bagheri, M; Mirmoghtadaee, P; Sabzghabaee, AM; Soltani, R, 2012)	0.64
"We found that some GPs do not strictly adhere to the dosing guidelines of acetaminophen, so intense clinical courses of pharmacology and rational usage of drugs and other relevant educational programs for medical students and practitioners seems to be necessary for the sake of safety of pediatric patients in Iran."	( Knowledge of Iranian general practitioners for acetaminophen dosing in children. Bagheri, M; Mirmoghtadaee, P; Sabzghabaee, AM; Soltani, R, 2012)	0.87
" There was a significant inverse dose-response (p-trend <0."	( Aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol and risk of endometrial cancer: a case-control study, systematic review and meta-analysis. Nagle, CM; Neill, AS; Obermair, A; Protani, MM; Spurdle, AB; Webb, PM, 2013)	0.39
" The tested group (group UP) was administered Sp at a dosage of 10(9) cells/day for 5 weeks, after receiving 500 mg/kg per day of acetaminophen intraperitoneally for 7 days."	( In vivo assessment of bacteriotherapy on acetaminophen-induced uremic rats. Das, K; Mandal, A; Mondal, KCh; Nandi, DK; Roy, S, )	0.6
" The extent of errors of dosage was within the intervals [90-120 mg/kg/d] and greater than 120 mg/kg/d for 87 and 11 patients respectively, who were prescribed a single non-combination paracetamol containing product."	( Overdosed prescription of paracetamol (acetaminophen) in a teaching hospital. Allenet, B; Charpiat, B; Henry, A; Leboucher, G; Tod, M, 2012)	0.65
"The selected studies showed great heterogeneity of participants, temperature for fever diagnosis, interventions (dose and dosing intervals) and assessed outcomes."	( Alternating antipyretics in the treatment of fever in children: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Dagostini, JM; Pereira, GL; Pizzol, Tda S, 2012)	0.38
" The selection of drug-excipient blends with inadequate powder flow can lead to quality issues of the final dosage form."	( Toward better understanding of powder avalanching and shear cell parameters of drug-excipient blends to design minimal weight variability into pharmaceutical capsules. Kuentz, M; Nalluri, VR; Puchkov, M, 2013)	0.39
" Results did not vary appreciably by past or current use, days per week of use, or dosage of use."	( Use of aspirin, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and acetaminophen and postmenopausal breast cancer incidence. Collins, LC; Hankinson, SE; Rosner, B; Smith-Warner, SA; Willett, WC; Zhang, X, 2012)	0.62
" Up until now, manual dosing of H(2)O(2) has led to low process performance."	( Automatic dosage of hydrogen peroxide in solar photo-Fenton plants: development of a control strategy for efficiency enhancement. Alvarez Hervás, JD; Casas López, JL; Moreno Úbeda, JC; Ortega-Gómez, E; Sánchez Pérez, JA; Santos-Juanes Jordá, L, 2012)	0.38
" An exit survey elicited: attitudes/knowledge related to product ingredients, label reading, dosing behavior; demographics, medical history, general physical, and mental health status."	( Prevalence and correlates of exceeding the labeled maximum dose of acetaminophen among adults in a U.S.-based internet survey. Kaufman, DW; Kelly, JP; Malone, MK; Rohay, JM; Shiffman, S; Weinstein, RB, 2012)	0.62
"N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) dosing for acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is weight based (150 mg/kg intravenous or 140-mg/kg oral loading dose) and, in the United States, the dosing protocol recommends using a maximum patient weight of 100 and 110 kg, respectively."	( Acetylcysteine for acetaminophen overdose in patients who weigh >100 kg. Buchanan, JA; Heard, K; Kokko, J; Varney, SM, )	0.74
" In this study, hepatotoxicity in mice post oral dosing of acetaminophen was investigated using liver and sera samples with Fourier Transform Infrared microspectroscopy."	( Identification of early biomarkers during acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Chandrasekar, B; Deobagkar-Lele, M; Gautam, R; Kumar B N, V; Nandi, D; Rakshit, S; Umapathy, S, 2012)	0.89
" However, some patients encounter hepatotoxicity after repeated APAP dosing at therapeutic doses."	( Enhancement of acetaminophen-induced chronic hepatotoxicity in restricted fed rats: a nonclinical approach to acetaminophen-induced chronic hepatotoxicity in susceptible patients. Hashimoto, T; Kobayashi, A; Kondo, K; Kuno, H; Shoda, T; Sugai, S; Suzuki, Y; Takahashi, A; Toyoda, K; Yamada, N, 2012)	0.73
"These results indicated the possible therapeutic action of flower and leaf extract from MO in protecting liver damage in rats given an over dosage of APAP."	( Therapeutic potential of Moringa oleifera extracts against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Arulselvan, P; Fakurazi, S; Hairuszah, I; Hidayat, MT; Moklas, MA; Sharifudin, SA, 2013)	0.63
" The effects of ferrous ion dosage and [Fe(2+)]/[H(2)O(2)] (FH ratio) were integrated into the derived pseudo second-order kinetic model."	( Kinetics of acetaminophen degradation by Fenton oxidation in a fluidized-bed reactor. Briones, RM; de Luna, MD; Lu, MC; Su, CC, 2013)	0.77
"Acetaminophen is a safe antipyretic and analgesic drug within the clinically recommended dosage range, but overdose can cause fatal liver and or kidney damage."	( Effect of acetaminophen on the progression of renal damage in adenine induced renal failure model rats. Arimizu, K; Chuang, VT; Hirata, S; Irie, T; Ishitsuka, Y; Kadowaki, D; Kitamura, K; Maruyama, T; Narita, Y; Otagiri, M; Sumikawa, S; Taguchi, K, 2012)	2.22
"The acetaminophen dosage schedule in pediatric patients below 12 years of age for the over-the-counter (OTC) monograph is one of the many issues being evaluated and discussed in the development of the Proposed Rule for Internal Analgesic, Antipyretic, and Anti-rheumatic drug products."	( Regulatory review of acetaminophen clinical pharmacology in young pediatric patients. Doddapaneni, S; Furness, S; Hertz, S; Ji, P; Li, Z; Sahajwalla, CG; Wang, Y, 2012)	1.26
"Glucose metabolic changes in CM patients taking different dosage of analgesic during headache-free periods and clear distinctions in several brain regions were observed."	( Overuse of paracetamol caffeine aspirin powders affects cerebral glucose metabolism in chronic migraine patients. Di, W; Fang, Y; Luo, N; Miao, J; Qi, W; Shi, X; Tao, Y; Xiao, Z; Yi, C; Zhang, A; Zhang, X; Zhu, Y, 2013)	0.39
" However, ibuprofen has the advantage of less frequent dosing (every 6-8 h vs."	( Optimising the management of fever and pain in children. van den Anker, JN, 2013)	0.39
"This study evaluated the mechanical properties, uniformity of dosage units and drug release from the tablets prepared by continuous direct compression process."	( Continuous direct tablet compression: effects of impeller rotation rate, total feed rate and drug content on the tablet properties and drug release. Järvinen, K; Järvinen, MA; Juuti, M; Leiviskä, K; Muzzio, F; Paaso, J; Paavola, M, 2013)	0.39
" Therefore, the proposed method is suitable for the routine control of these ingredients in multicomponent dosage forms."	( Capillary electrophoretic determination of antimigraine formulations containing caffeine, ergotamine, paracetamol and domperidone or metoclopramide. Alshehri, MM; Alzoman, NZ; Elshahed, MS; Maher, HM; Olah, IV; Rizk, MS; Sultan, MA, 2013)	0.39
" In fed mice dosed with 300 mg/kg acetaminophen, we observed that liver mitochondria in HCV-Tg mice exhibited signs of dysfunction showing the potential mechanism for increased susceptibility."	( Acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in HCV transgenic mice. Boorman, GA; Bradford, BU; Chatterjee, S; Jeannot, E; Kosyk, O; Macdonald, JM; Mason, RP; Melnyk, SB; Pogribny, IP; Rusyn, I; Tech, K; Tryndyak, VP; Uehara, T, 2013)	2.11
" It appears that, while acetaminophen levels remain relatively constant over a six hour period, dosing adjustments may be required for use in a circuit beyond the initial 24 hour period, depending on physiologic clearance of the drug."	( In vitro clearance of intravenous acetaminophen in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Annich, G; Gillogly, A; Kilbourn, C; Martin, J; Wagner, D; Waldvogel, J, 2013)	0.98
"Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a valuable tool in the pharmaceutical industry, presenting opportunities for online analyses to achieve real-time assessment of intermediates and finished dosage forms."	( Effect of experimental design on the prediction performance of calibration models based on near-infrared spectroscopy for pharmaceutical applications. Anderson, CA; Bondi, RW; Drennen, JK; Igne, B, 2012)	0.38
" Finally, it can be used to predict patient metabolic and physiological responses to APAP doses and different NAC dosing strategies."	( The biochemistry of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity and rescue: a mathematical model. Ben-Shachar, R; Chen, Y; Hartman, C; Luo, S; Nijhout, HF; Reed, M, 2012)	0.7
" Formalized pharmacokinetic studies of piperacillin/tazobactam removal in patients on MARS therapy are necessary to make clear dosing recommendations."	( Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS(®)) removal of piperacillin/tazobactam in a patient with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Argento, AC; Heavner, MS; Ruggero, MA; Topal, JE, 2013)	0.6
" The most common information provided was dosage and adverse effects."	( Using the simulated patient methodology to assess paracetamol-related counselling for headache. Horvat, N; Koder, M; Kos, M, 2012)	0.38
"4] kg), sex (7 of 12 males vs 7 of 15 males), or racial distribution (5 white, 5 black, and 2 biracial vs 4 white and 11 black) between the 2 dosing groups (oral vs rectal, respectively)."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of acetaminophen elixir versus suppositories in vaccinated infants (aged 3 to 36 months): a single-dose, open-label, randomized, parallel-group design. Casavant, MJ; Edge, J; Halvorsen, M; Kelley, MT; Walson, PD, 2013)	0.68
" This study evaluated the effect of a weight-based dosing chart (WBDC) introduced to decrease NAC prescription errors."	( Introduction of an N-acetylcysteine weight-based dosing chart reduces prescription errors in the treatment of paracetamol poisoning. Greene, S; McD Taylor, D; McIntyre, S, 2013)	0.39
"001), NAC dosage (13."	( Introduction of an N-acetylcysteine weight-based dosing chart reduces prescription errors in the treatment of paracetamol poisoning. Greene, S; McD Taylor, D; McIntyre, S, 2013)	0.39
"We investigated acetaminophen use and identify factors contributing to supratherapeutic dosing of acetaminophen in hospitalized patients."	( Supratherapeutic dosing of acetaminophen among hospitalized patients. Bates, DW; Boulware, LJ; Chang, F; Mahoney, LM; Maviglia, SM; Orav, EJ; Plasek, J; Rocha, RA; Zhou, L, 2012)	1.02
" The main outcome measures included acetaminophen exposure rate and supratherapeutic dosing rate among hospitalized patients, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk factors for supratherapeutic dosing, and changes in liver function test before and after supratherapeutic dosing."	( Supratherapeutic dosing of acetaminophen among hospitalized patients. Bates, DW; Boulware, LJ; Chang, F; Mahoney, LM; Maviglia, SM; Orav, EJ; Plasek, J; Rocha, RA; Zhou, L, 2012)	0.95
"Supratherapeutic dosing of acetaminophen was significantly associated with multiple factors."	( Supratherapeutic dosing of acetaminophen among hospitalized patients. Bates, DW; Boulware, LJ; Chang, F; Mahoney, LM; Maviglia, SM; Orav, EJ; Plasek, J; Rocha, RA; Zhou, L, 2012)	0.97
" We conclude that future studies are urgently needed to reconsider the safety and dosage of APAP during pregnancy and - based on the advances made in the field of reproduction as well as APAP metabolism - we propose pathways, which should be addressed in future research and clinical endeavors."	( Acetaminophen and pregnancy: short- and long-term consequences for mother and child. Arck, P; Erhardt, A; Kessler, T; Thiele, K; Tiegs, G, 2013)	1.83
" We chose to use random-effects meta-analyses because of the heterogeneity in dosage used."	( Paracetamol/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period. Abalos, E; Chou, D; Gülmezoglu, AM; Gyte, GM, 2013)	0.77
" Postoperatively, all patients were prescribed paracetamol (acetaminophen) on the basis of their weight; the standard pediatric dosage of this agent at the time of our study was 60 mg/kg/day."	( A prospective study of parents' compliance with their child's prescribed analgesia following tonsillectomy. Amin, M; Colreavy, MP; Lennon, P, 2013)	0.63
"We compared an approach using scheduled analgesic dosing with as-needed analgesic dosing in patients after hip fracture surgery, to compare these approaches in terms of (1) resting and dynamic pain intensity, (2) postoperative patient mobility, and (3) functional end points."	( Scheduled analgesic regimen improves rehabilitation after hip fracture surgery. Cheung, LP; Chin, RP; Ho, CH, 2013)	0.39
" Complications include frequent nausea and vomiting, anaphylactoid reactions and dosing errors."	( Scottish and Newcastle antiemetic pre-treatment for paracetamol poisoning study (SNAP). Bateman, DN; Coyle, J; Dear, JW; Eddleston, M; Gray, A; Lewis, S; Sandilands, EA; Thanacoody, HK; Thomas, SH; Webb, DJ, 2013)	0.39
" We propose here a strategy based on in vitro tests and QSAR (Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship) models to calibrate a dose-response model predicting hepatotoxicity."	( Prediction of dose-hepatotoxic response in humans based on toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic modeling with or without in vivo data: a case study with acetaminophen. Brochot, C; Desmots, S; Fioravanzo, E; Mombelli, E; Pavan, M; Péry, AR; Zaldívar, JM; Zeman, FA, 2013)	0.59
" However, comprehensive dose-response and time course studies have not yet been done."	( Plasma and liver acetaminophen-protein adduct levels in mice after acetaminophen treatment: dose-response, mechanisms, and clinical implications. Bajt, ML; Jaeschke, H; Lebofsky, M; McGill, MR; Norris, HR; Rollins, DE; Slawson, MH; Wilkins, DG; Williams, CD; Xie, Y, 2013)	0.73
" N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the antidote of choice for the treatment of APAP toxicity; however, due to its short-half-life repeated dosing of NAC is required."	( Therapeutic effect of liposomal-N-acetylcysteine against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Alipour, M; Buonocore, C; Omri, A; Pucaj, K; Suntres, ZE; Szabo, M, 2013)	0.64
"To estimate the extents of dosing variability in prescriptions of acetaminophen to children among pediatricians, family physicians and otolaryngologists."	( Dosing variability in prescriptions of acetaminophen to children: comparisons between pediatricians, family physicians and otolaryngologists. Chen, TJ; Chiang, SC; Chou, LF; Chou, YC; Jeng, MJ; Lin, SY, 2013)	0.9
" Further investigations can be undertaken to estimate the accuracy of dosing variability as an indicator of prescribing quality."	( Dosing variability in prescriptions of acetaminophen to children: comparisons between pediatricians, family physicians and otolaryngologists. Chen, TJ; Chiang, SC; Chou, LF; Chou, YC; Jeng, MJ; Lin, SY, 2013)	0.66
" The new insight into chitosan-alginate matrix tablets can help to broaden the application of this type of dosage forms."	( Drug release characteristics from chitosan-alginate matrix tablets based on the theory of self-assembled film. Li, L; Mao, S; Ni, R; Shao, Y; Wang, L; Zhang, T, 2013)	0.39
" The effects of the initial concentration of APAP, pH value, ozone dosage and AC dosage on the variation of reaction rate were carefully discussed."	( [Mechanism of catalytic ozonation for the degradation of paracetamol by activated carbon]. Chen, JM; Dai, QZ; Wang, JY; Yan, YZ; Yu, J, 2013)	0.39
"Acetaminophen or paracetamol, a commonly used over-the-counter analgesic, is known to elicit severe adverse reactions when taken in overdose, chronically at therapeutic dosage or, sporadically, following single assumptions of a therapeutic dose."	( Possible fatal acetaminophen intoxication with atypical clinical presentation. Carbone, A; Chiarotti, M; d'Aloja, E; De-Giorgio, F; Lodise, M; Valerio, L, 2013)	2.19
" Dose-response curves were constructed and the values of ED50 for treatment alone and combined were statistically compared."	( Synergistic effect of the L-tryptophan and kynurenic acid with dipyrone or paracetamol in mice. Carvalho, AM; de França Fonteles, MM; de Sousa, FC; Dias, ML; Freire, LV; Rios, ER; Rocha, NF, 2013)	0.39
"There is a need for information on the bioavailability in pediatric patients of drugs from manipulated dosage forms when applied in combination with food and/or co-medication under realistic daily practice circumstances."	( In vitro gastrointestinal model (TIM) with predictive power, even for infants and children? Anneveld, B; de Koning, BA; de Wildt, SN; Hanff, LM; Havenaar, R; Lelieveld, JP; Minekus, M; Mooij, MG, 2013)	0.39
" This study aimed to assess the health literacy skills of parents and caregivers of preschool-aged children, using a progressive scenario describing a child with fever and presenting tasks relating to selection of a medicine and hypothetical dosing of their child."	( Management of children's fever by parents and caregivers: Practical measurement of functional health literacy. Chaw, XY; Emmerton, L; Kairuz, T; Kelly, F; Marriott, J; Moles, R; Wheeler, A, 2014)	0.4
" The type of interaction between components was determined by isobolographic analysis or by analysis of the log dose-response curves for drug combination and drugs alone."	( Levetiracetam interacts synergistically with nonsteroidal analgesics and caffeine to produce antihyperalgesia in rats. Micov, AM; Stepanović-Petrović, RM; Tomić, MA, 2013)	0.39
"A standardized approach to dosing acetaminophen in pediatric populations was published in 1983."	( Dosing and antipyretic efficacy of oral acetaminophen in children. Kuffner, EK; Temple, AR; Temple, BR, 2013)	0.94
"This article reviewed published and unpublished pediatric antipyretic data to provide a critical assessment of the 10-15-mg/kg oral dose and the current pediatric oral dosing schedules for acetaminophen."	( Dosing and antipyretic efficacy of oral acetaminophen in children. Kuffner, EK; Temple, AR; Temple, BR, 2013)	0.85
" Data from published literature containing sufficient detail to verify doses; dosing frequency; and, when necessary, estimates from figures, and from acetaminophen arms of the unpublished studies were analyzed."	( Dosing and antipyretic efficacy of oral acetaminophen in children. Kuffner, EK; Temple, AR; Temple, BR, 2013)	0.86
" Efficacy and rapid onset also reduce the risk of excessive dosing with the analgesic."	( Efficacy and speed of onset of pain relief of fast-dissolving paracetamol on postsurgical dental pain: two randomized, single-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies. Brown, J; Buchanan, WL; Collaku, A; Cooper, SA; Otto, J; Reed, K; Yue, Y, 2013)	0.39
"We sought to investigate the dose-response efficacy and speed of onset of pain relief of a fast-dissolving APAP formulation compared with lower doses of APAP and placebo in dental patients after impacted third molar extraction."	( Efficacy and speed of onset of pain relief of fast-dissolving paracetamol on postsurgical dental pain: two randomized, single-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies. Brown, J; Buchanan, WL; Collaku, A; Cooper, SA; Otto, J; Reed, K; Yue, Y, 2013)	0.39
" Forty-six parents (32%) had an acetaminophen dosing error."	( Parental language and dosing errors after discharge from the pediatric emergency department. Porter, SC; Samuels-Kalow, ME; Stack, AM, 2013)	0.67
"Recent studies have linked patient misunderstanding of label instructions for as needed (PRN) medications to dosing errors."	( Take-Wait-Stop: a patient-centered strategy for writing PRN medication instructions. Bailey, SC; Davis, TC; Jacobson, KL; King, JP; McCarthy, DM; Mullen, RJ; Parker, RM; Serper, M; Wolf, MS, 2013)	0.39
" No clear dose-response relationship existed between the quantity of paracetamol ingested and the observed concentrations of 5-oxoproline."	( What is the clinical significance of 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid) in high anion gap metabolic acidosis following paracetamol (acetaminophen) exposure? Liss, DB; Mullins, ME; Paden, MS; Schwarz, ES, 2013)	0.59
" A rapid, simple, selective and precise densitometric method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of six synthetic binary mixtures and their pharmaceutical dosage forms."	( Thin layer chromatography-densitometric determination of some non-sedating antihistamines in combination with pseudoephedrine or acetaminophen in synthetic mixtures and in pharmaceutical formulations. Atia, NN; El-Gizawy, SM; El-Kommos, ME; Hosny, NM, 2014)	0.61
" Urine was collected daily before and during dosing and 6 days after the final dose."	( Pattern recognition analysis for hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen using plasma and urinary 1H NMR-based metabolomics in humans. Kim, JW; Kim, KB; Kim, S; Lee, HW; Lim, MS; Ryu, SH; Seong, SJ; Yoon, YR, 2013)	0.63
" The method was applied successfully on tablet dosage form."	( Gradient HPLC-DAD determination of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride, cetirizine in tablet formulation. Bakal, RL; Chandewar, AV; Dewani, AP; Jaybhaye, SS; Patra, S; Shelke, PG, 2014)	0.4
" This method allows to assess purity and polymorphic form of drug compounds, to detect interactions between ingredients of solid dosage forms and to analyze stability of solid formulations."	( Application of differential scanning calorimetry in evaluation of solid state interactions in tablets containing acetaminophen. Czajkowska-Kośnik, A; Czyzewska, U; Mazurek-Wadołkowska, E; Miltyk, W; Winnicka, K, )	0.34
"889 patients were randomised with computer generated random numbers in pre-prepared sealed numbered envelopes to components of advice or comparator advice: advice on analgesia (take paracetamol, ibuprofen, or both), dosing of analgesia (take as required v regularly), and steam inhalation (no inhalation v steam inhalation)."	( Ibuprofen, paracetamol, and steam for patients with respiratory tract infections in primary care: pragmatic randomised factorial trial. Kelly, J; Leydon, G; Little, P; McDermott, L; Moore, M; Mullee, M; Stuart, B; Williamson, I, 2013)	0.39
"Neither advice on dosing nor on steam inhalation was significantly associated with changes in outcomes."	( Ibuprofen, paracetamol, and steam for patients with respiratory tract infections in primary care: pragmatic randomised factorial trial. Kelly, J; Leydon, G; Little, P; McDermott, L; Moore, M; Mullee, M; Stuart, B; Williamson, I, 2013)	0.39
" The formulation factors such as the viscosity grade of polyethylene oxide as the primary polymer as well as the level and location of osmogen within the bilayer tablets led to a difference in performance of osmotic tablets and hence should be critically evaluated in the design of such dosage forms."	( Investigation of critical core formulation and process parameters for osmotic pump oral drug delivery. Farrell, TP; Huatan, H; Missaghi, S; Patel, P; Rajabi-Siahboomi, AR, 2014)	0.4
" In 19-month-old male offspring, epididymal sperm counts were lower than controls, and in ventral prostate an overrepresentation of findings related to hyperplasia was observed in exposed groups compared with controls, particularly in the group dosed with anti-androgens."	( Late-life effects on rat reproductive system after developmental exposure to mixtures of endocrine disrupters. Axelstad, M; Boberg, J; Christiansen, S; Hass, U; Isling, LK; Jacobsen, PR; Kortenkamp, A; Mandrup, KR; Taxvig, C; Vinggaard, AM, 2014)	0.4
" Analgesic requirements are influenced by age-related changes in both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic response, and increasing data are available to guide safe and effective dosing with opioids and paracetamol."	( Neonatal pain. Walker, SM, 2014)	0.4
"The purpose of this work was to develop a new pressure-sensitive dosage form that breaks and releases its content in a fasted stomach at the predominant pressure at the pylorus."	( Development of a pressure-sensitive glyceryl tristearate capsule filled with a drug-containing hydrogel. Bock, M; Garbacz, G; Glöckl, G; Weitschies, W; Wilde, L, 2014)	0.4
"The present study examines how drug's inherent properties and product design influence the evaluation and applications of in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) for modified-release (MR) dosage forms consisting of extended-release (ER) and immediate-release (IR) components with bimodal drug release."	( Influence of drug property and product design on in vitro-in vivo correlation of complex modified-release dosage forms. Duan, JZ; Li, X; Qiu, Y, 2014)	0.4
" Secondary endpoints included SPIDs and total pain relief (TOTPAR) over the dosing intervals; time to perceptible, meaningful, and confirmed pain relief; and the proportion of patients with ≥30% reduction in pain intensity scores."	( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of MNK-795, a dual-layer, biphasic, immediate-release and extended-release combination analgesic for acute pain. Barrett, T; Giuliani, M; Kostenbader, K; Singla, N; Sisk, L; Young, J, 2014)	0.4
"OC/APAP ER was efficacious and generally well tolerated in an established model of moderate to severe acute pain, providing an onset of analgesia in approximately 30 minutes and sustained pain relief over the 12 hour dosing period."	( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of MNK-795, a dual-layer, biphasic, immediate-release and extended-release combination analgesic for acute pain. Barrett, T; Giuliani, M; Kostenbader, K; Singla, N; Sisk, L; Young, J, 2014)	0.4
"OBJECTIVES To evaluate patient knowledge of over-the-counter (OTC) products containing acetaminophen and to determine patients' accuracy in dosing adult, child, and infant formulations."	( Patient knowledge and use of acetaminophen in over-the-counter medications. Davis, E; Hurwitz, J; Nielsen, J; Sands, S; Warholak, T, )	0.65
" Based on the final model, dosing guidelines are proposed from preterm neonates to adolescents resulting in similar exposure across all age ranges."	( Population pharmacokinetics of paracetamol across the human age-range from (pre)term neonates, infants, children to adults. Allegaert, K; Danhof, M; Knibbe, CA; Mathot, RA; Tibboel, D; van der Marel, CD; Wang, C, 2014)	0.4
" In vivo evaluation and histopatholgical study of the selected QT SNEDDSs were achieved after administration of paracetamol over dosage to albino rats."	( Design and optimization of self-nanoemulsifying delivery system to enhance quercetin hepatoprotective activity in paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Ahmed, OA; Ahmed, TA; Badr, JM; Badr-Eldin, SM; El-Say, KM; Tawfik, MK, 2014)	0.4
" Despite many years of intense research, the precise mechanisms of paracetamol-induced liver injury in humans are still not defined, and few studies have examined the optimal dosing regimen for clinical NAC use."	( Stratification of paracetamol overdose patients using new toxicity biomarkers: current candidates and future challenges. Antoine, DJ; Dear, JW, 2014)	0.4
" Following implant surgery, postoperative pain was rated moderate or severe in 25/28 patients (89 percent), requiring prn analgesic dosing for up to 3 days in 14/25 individuals (56 percent)."	( Characterization and treatment of postsurgical dental implant pain employing intranasal ketorolac. Bockow, R; Bodner, L; Hersh, EV; Hutcheson, M; Korostoff, J; Pinto, A; Secreto, SA, 2013)	0.39
" Increasing carbon dosage and contact time enhanced the removal of micropollutants."	( Adsorption characteristics of selected hydrophilic and hydrophobic micropollutants in water using activated carbon. Choi, DJ; Her, N; Kim, SK; Nam, SW; Zoh, KD, 2014)	0.4
" Moreover, there is evidence that the maximum recommended dosage can induce hepatic cytolysis in some individuals."	( Acetaminophen-induced liver injury in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Fromenty, B; Michaut, A; Moreau, C; Robin, MA, 2014)	1.85
" marked tensile strength and porosity), FCC promises to be suitable for the preparation of solid dosage forms."	( Compaction of functionalized calcium carbonate, a porous and crystalline microparticulate material with a lamellar surface. Alles, R; Atria, S; Gane, PA; Huwyler, J; Puchkov, M; Schoelkopf, J; Stirnimann, T, 2014)	0.4
" Therefore, a particular dosing regimen should be followed due to the toxicity risk of cumulative doses."	( Acute liver failure in a term neonate after repeated paracetamol administration. Branco, MM; Bucaretchi, F; Caldas, JP; De Capitani, EM; Fernandes, CB; Hyslop, S; Moreno, CA; Porta, G, 2014)	0.4
" Since some of these dosing errors are the result of system design flaws, analysis of large overdoses can lead to the discovery of needed system changes."	( Analysis of electronic medication orders with large overdoses: opportunities for mitigating dosing errors. Kirkendall, ES; Kouril, M; Minich, T; Spooner, SA, 2014)	0.4
" User response was characterized by the dosing alert salience rate, which expresses the proportion of time users take corrective action."	( Analysis of electronic medication orders with large overdoses: opportunities for mitigating dosing errors. Kirkendall, ES; Kouril, M; Minich, T; Spooner, SA, 2014)	0.4
" Our studies indicate that di-paracetamol and 3-nitro-paracetamol appear in plasma and urine when paracetamol is given orally to healthy humans at the therapeutic dosage of 5-7 mg/kg."	( LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS measurement of plasma and urine di-paracetamol and 3-nitro-paracetamol: proof-of-concept studies on a novel human model of oxidative stress based on oral paracetamol administration. Batkai, S; Jordan, J; Madunic, S; Modun, D; Radman, M; Thum, T; Trettin, A; Tsikas, D; Vukovic, J, 2014)	0.4
"A pharmacokinetic crossover study using different dosage forms of paracetamol (intravenous and oral solution, capsule and tablet) was conducted in four male and four female Göttingen minipigs after an overnight fast."	( Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in Göttingen minipigs: in vivo studies and modeling to elucidate physiological determinants of absorption. Flament, C; Grimm, HP; Lorentsen, H; Parrott, N; Suenderhauf, C; Tuffin, G, 2014)	0.4
"Diclofenac dosing in children for analgesia is currently extrapolated from adult data."	( Postoperative analgesia using diclofenac and acetaminophen in children. Anderson, BJ; Hannam, JA; Holford, NH; Mahadevan, M, 2014)	0.66
" When comparing all three groups, a statistically significant dose-response relationship was seen for present, average and worst pain intensity after 8 h and on the following morning."	( Dexamethasone for pain after outpatient shoulder surgery: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Bjørnholdt, KT; Mønsted, PN; Nikolajsen, L; Søballe, K, 2014)	0.4
"Although our data supported a dose-response relationship, increasing the dexamethasone dose from 8 to 40 mg did not improve analgesia significantly after outpatient shoulder surgery."	( Dexamethasone for pain after outpatient shoulder surgery: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Bjørnholdt, KT; Mønsted, PN; Nikolajsen, L; Søballe, K, 2014)	0.4
" No problems related to norepinephrine administration and/or increase in dosage were observed."	( Intravenous paracetamol for fever control in acute brain injury patients: cerebral and hemodynamic effects. Antonini, MV; Caspani, ML; De Angelis, A; Picetti, E; Rossi, I; Servadei, F; Villani, F, 2014)	0.4
" However, it is highly toxic when the dosage surpasses the detoxification capability of an exposed organism, with involvement of an already described oxidative stress pathway."	( Biochemical and standard toxic effects of acetaminophen on the macrophyte species Lemna minor and Lemna gibba. Antunes, SC; Gonçalves, F; Martins, L; Nunes, B; Pinto, G, 2014)	0.67
" In this study we evaluate whether interindividual variation in baseline enzyme activity (EA)/gene expression (GE) levels in liver predispose for the variation in toxicity responses by assessing dose-response relationships for several prototypical hepatotoxicants."	( Interindividual variation in response to xenobiotic exposure established in precision-cut human liver slices. Castell, JV; Claessen, SM; Dejong, CH; Jetten, MJ; Kleinjans, JC; Lahoz, A; van Delft, JH, 2014)	0.4
" Le dosage en paracétamol a également été mesuré."	( Interchangeability between paracetamol tablets marketed in Palestine. Is there a quality reason for a higher price? Jaradat, N; Jodeh, S; Khammash, S; Rinno, T; Zaid, A, 2013)	0.39
" The dosage of narcotics can be decreased (that of trimeperidine on an average from 80 to 45 mg/day) in the early postoperative period if non-narcotic analgesics, such as paracetamol 4 g/day, are incorporated into the analgesic regimen."	( [Analgesia in hemophiliac patients during orthopedic surgery]. Gemdzhian, ÉG; Gorodetskiĭ, VM; Koniashina, NI; Krechetova, AV; Levchenko, OK; Shulutko, EM, 2014)	0.4
" Morphine was required by only two patients per group (no difference in dosage or frequency)."	( Is single incision pediatric endoscopic surgery more painful than standard laparoscopy in children? Personal experience and review of the literature. Ade-Ajayi, N; Cancelliere, LA; Desai, AP; Kemal, KI; Patel, S; Zani, A, 2015)	0.42
" This study explored the dose-response relationship between ingested acetaminophen and hepatotoxicity, the early biochemical and clinical predictors of hepatotoxicity, the impact of early N-acetylcysteine treatment on hepatotoxicity and the incidence of nephrotoxicity."	( Early predictors of severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in a paediatric population referred to a tertiary paediatric department. Andersen, J; Askbo, N; Hedeland, RL; Iskandar, A; Jørgensen, MH, 2014)	0.93
"Our findings suggest that regular or as-needed dosing with paracetamol does not affect recovery time compared with placebo in low-back pain, and question the universal endorsement of paracetamol in this patient group."	( Efficacy of paracetamol for acute low-back pain: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Day, RO; Hancock, MJ; Latimer, J; Lin, CW; Maher, CG; McLachlan, AJ; Williams, CM, 2014)	0.4
" However, the current dosage form of the drug does not target the liver and inflammatory cells selectively."	( Silymarin liposomes improves oral bioavailability of silybin besides targeting hepatocytes, and immune cells. Deshpande, P; Jain, P; Kumar, N; Kutty, NG; Mathew, G; Rai, A; Raj, PV; Rao, CM; Reddy, ND; Udupa, N, 2014)	0.4
" To illustrate the potential of this approach, the method was applied to quantify NAPQI-modified SA in plasma from rats dosed with acetaminophen."	( Absolute quantitation of NAPQI-modified rat serum albumin by LC-MS/MS: monitoring acetaminophen covalent binding in vivo. LeBlanc, A; Roy, R; Shiao, TC; Sleno, L, 2014)	0.83
" However, body weight-based hydrocodone and acetaminophen dosing regimens provided close approximation of adult exposures in pediatric patients with approximately 22% to 24% lower hydrocodone and acetaminophen dose/BW-normalized AUC in pediatric patients compared to adults."	( Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone/acetaminophen combination product in children ages 6-17 with moderate to moderately severe postoperative pain. Awni, W; Dutta, S; Kearns, G; Liu, W; Neville, KA, 2015)	0.96
" We accepted any formulation, dosage regimen, and route of administration of codeine, and both placebo and active controls."	( Codeine, alone and with paracetamol (acetaminophen), for cancer pain. Bell, RF; Derry, S; Jackson, KC; Strassels, S; Straube, C; Straube, S; Wiffen, PJ, 2014)	0.68
"A new HPLC method for separation and determination of impurities in paracetamol, codeine phosphate hemihydrate and pitophenone hydrochloride in the presence of fenpiverinium bromide in combined suppository dosage form was developed and validated."	( Separation and determination of impurities in paracetamol, codeine and pitophenone in the presence of fenpiverinium in combined suppository dosage form. Coufal, P; Hanzlík, P; Jedlička, A; Vojta, J, 2015)	0.42
" There was no difference in the mean frequency or dosage of rescue medication required by both groups, and the majority of patients in both the TA-ER and TA-IR groups rated their pain improvement as 'much' or 'somewhat better'."	( A randomized study to compare the efficacy and safety of extended-release and immediate-release tramadol HCl/acetaminophen in patients with acute pain following total knee replacement. Bin, SI; Chang, N; Cho, SD; Choi, CH; Ha, CW; Kang, SB; Kyung, HS; Lee, JH; Lee, MC; Park, YB; Rhim, HY; Seo, SS, 2015)	0.63
"Although separation in paracetamol dosing is likely to be achieved with a liberal vs."	( Randomized controlled trial of asthma risk with paracetamol use in infancy--a feasibility study. Beasley, R; Bowden, V; Braithwaite, I; Caswell-Smith, R; Crane, J; Hunt, A; Ingham, T; Mitchell, EA; Power, S; Riley, J; Shirtcliffe, P; Stanley, T; Weatherall, M, 2015)	0.42
" Dosing periods were separated by a minimum 5-day washout."	( Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone extended-release tablets formulated with different levels of coating to achieve abuse deterrence compared with a hydrocodone immediate-release/acetaminophen tablet in healthy subjects. Bond, M; Darwish, M; Robertson, P; Tracewell, W; Yang, R, 2015)	0.61
" The proposed methods were applied successfully for the determination of ORP and PAR in their dosage form."	( Application of normalized spectra in resolving a challenging Orphenadrine and Paracetamol binary mixture. Abd El-Rahman, MK; Yehia, AM, 2015)	0.42
" Patients treated concomitantly with VKA and acetaminophen should be monitored more regularly for possible VKA dosage adjustment."	( How safe is acetaminophen use in patients treated with vitamin K antagonists? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Barra, M; Caldeira, D; Costa, J; Ferreira, JJ; Pinto, FJ, 2015)	1.06
"Patients were randomized 1:1 to enteral acetaminophen 1 g every 6 hours for 3 days (n = 18) or placebo (n = 22) with the same dosing schedule and duration."	( Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of acetaminophen for the reduction of oxidative injury in severe sepsis: the Acetaminophen for the Reduction of Oxidative Injury in Severe Sepsis trial. Bastarache, JA; Bernard, GR; Janz, DR; Oates, JA; Rice, TW; Roberts, LJ; Sills, G; Ware, LB; Warren, MA; Wickersham, N, 2015)	0.95
" Two hundred forty-one patients (80%) were appropriately dosed, whereas 59 (20%) patients were not appropriately dosed based on the FDA-approved dosing."	( Postmarketing review of intravenous acetaminophen dosing based on Food and Drug Administration prescribing guidelines. dela Cruz Ubaldo, C; Hall, NS; Le, B, 2014)	0.68
" Dosing for patients weighing less than 50 kg needs to be appropriately weight adjusted."	( Postmarketing review of intravenous acetaminophen dosing based on Food and Drug Administration prescribing guidelines. dela Cruz Ubaldo, C; Hall, NS; Le, B, 2014)	0.68
" Ten percent of literate respondents were unable to understand the dosage requirements for children."	( "But it's just paracetamol": Caregivers' ability to administer over-the-counter painkillers to children with the information provided. Bennin, F; Rother, HA, 2015)	0.42
" The selectivity of the developed methods was investigated by analyzing laboratory prepared mixtures of the drugs and their combined dosage form."	( A comparative study of smart spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of a skeletal muscle relaxant and an analgesic in combined dosage form. Mohamed, D; Salem, H, 2015)	0.42
" During the same period, narcotic analgesic dosage requirement was cut down by 20% in the study group (average of 29."	( Scheduled intravenous acetaminophen reduces postoperative narcotic analgesic demand and requirement after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Jose, P; Nau, P; Pedersen, M; Samuel, I; Saurabh, S; Smith, JK, )	0.45
" The cellular uptake of α-T3 was higher than α-TP at the same treatment dosage after 24h."	( Comparative hepatoprotective effects of tocotrienol analogs against drug-induced liver injury. Fong, CW; Ho, HK; Saw, TY; Tan, CY, 2015)	0.42
" Both methods were applied successfully for the determination of the selected drugs in their combined dosage form."	( Smart manipulation of ratio spectra for resolving a pharmaceutical mixture of Methocarbamol and Paracetamol. Abd-El Rahman, MK; Essam, HM, 2015)	0.42
" The dosing recommendations of paracetamol may need to be reconsidered after cleft palate surgery."	( Acute Liver Failure and Hepatic Encephalopathy After Cleft Palate Repair. Celebiler, O; Kocaaslan, ND; Tuncer, FB; Tutar, E, 2015)	0.42
" However, the dose-response seen for most endpoints suggests a considerable degree of paracetamol toxicity especially at the upper end of standard analgesic doses."	( Paracetamol: not as safe as we thought? A systematic literature review of observational studies. Bernstein, I; Birrell, F; Buckner, S; Conaghan, PG; Constanti, M; Delgado Nunes, V; Doherty, M; Dziedzic, K; Latchem, S; Miller, P; Porcheret, M; Roberts, E; Wise, E; Zhang, W, 2016)	0.43
" The results clearly indicate that the physico-chemical properties of the drug and the matrix systems are crucial for the design of ethanol-resistant dosage forms."	( Alcohol dose dumping: The influence of ethanol on hot-melt extruded pellets comprising solid lipids. Feichtinger, A; Jedinger, N; Khinast, J; Mohr, S; Roblegg, E; Schrank, S, 2015)	0.42
" Six lignans pretreatment before APAP dosing could prevent the depletions of total liver glutathione (GSH) and mitochondrial GSH caused by APAP."	( Hepato-protective effects of six schisandra lignans on acetaminophen-induced liver injury are partially associated with the inhibition of CYP-mediated bioactivation. Bi, H; Chen, P; Fan, X; Huang, M; Jiang, Y; Tan, H; Wang, Y; Zeng, H, 2015)	0.66
" The dose-response relationship of the integrated insulinotropic and gastrostatic response to lixisenatide in healthy volunteers after a standardized liquid meal was investigated."	( Lixisenatide reduces postprandial hyperglycaemia via gastrostatic and insulinotropic effects. Becker, RH; Golor, G; Pellissier, F; Stechl, J; Steinstraesser, A, 2015)	0.42
"Combined paracetamol and ibuprofen has been shown to be more effective than either constituent alone for acute pain in adults, but the dose-response has not been confirmed."	( Combination paracetamol and ibuprofen for pain relief after oral surgery: a dose ranging study. Atkinson, HC; Bisley, E; Carson, S; Currie, J; Evans, S; Frampton, C; Moodie, J; Steenberg, LJ; Worthington, JP, 2015)	0.42
" Given the widespread use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen worldwide, further investigations of the possible role of analgesics in cervical cancer, using a larger sample size with better-defined dosing regimens, are warranted."	( Aspirin and Acetaminophen Use and the Risk of Cervical Cancer. Cannioto, RA; Friel, G; Hampras, SS; Kolomeyevskaya, NV; Kruszka, B; Lele, SB; Liu, CS; Moysich, KB; Odunsi, KO; Schmitt, K, 2015)	1.03
" If asked about medications, the SP portraying a parent was trained to disclose that she was administering acetaminophen and to produce a package with dosing instructions on the label."	( Can medical students identify a potentially serious acetaminophen dosing error in a simulated encounter? a case control study. Barone, MA; Dudas, RA, 2015)	0.88
" Thirty-seven students (11%) determined that the dosage exceeded recommended dosages."	( Can medical students identify a potentially serious acetaminophen dosing error in a simulated encounter? a case control study. Barone, MA; Dudas, RA, 2015)	0.67
" We show that for the rat chronically dosed with dexamethasone (an artificial glucocorticoid which induces a catabolic state) the model can be used to explain empirically observed facts such as the linear decline in intramuscular Gln and the drop in plasma glutamine."	( The role of skeletal muscle in liver glutathione metabolism during acetaminophen overdose. Bilinsky, LM; Nijhout, HF; Reed, MC, 2015)	0.65
"Recent studies in laboratory rodents have revealed that circadian oscillation in the physiologic functions affecting drug disposition underlies the dosing time-dependent change in pharmacokinetics."	( Circadian modulation in the intestinal absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates in monkeys. Iwasaki, M; Izumi, T; Katamune, C; Koyanagi, S; Matsunaga, N; Ohdo, S; Suzuki, N; Takahashi, M; Watanabe, N, 2015)	0.42
" IR/ER HB/APAP tablets deliver 25% of the HB dose and 50% of the APAP dose by IR and the remainder by ER over a 12-hour dosing interval."	( Tolerability of Biphasic-Release Hydrocodone Bitartrate/Acetaminophen Tablets (MNK-155): A Phase III, Multicenter, Open-Label Study in Patients With Osteoarthritis or Chronic Low Back Pain. Barrett, T; Chen, Y; Giuliani, MJ; Hisaw, E; Kostenbader, K; Young, JL; Zheng, Y, 2015)	0.66
" Plasma and urinary glutathione-related metabolomes and liver function parameters were measured during the dosing period."	( [Investigation of Predisposition Biomarkers to Identify Risk Factors for Drug-induced Liver Injury in Humans: Analyses of Endogenous Metabolites in an Animal Model Mimicking Human Responders to APAP-induced Hepatotoxicity]. Kobayashi, A; Kondo, K; Sugai, S, 2015)	0.42
" Further studies are required to establish the dose-response and treatment-duration relationships to delineate the maximum dose and treatment period without this adverse effect."	( Prolonged exposure to acetaminophen reduces testosterone production by the human fetal testis in a xenograft model. Anderson, RA; Camacho-Moll, ME; Chetty, T; Dean, A; Homer, NZ; Johnston, ZC; Jorgensen, A; Macdonald, J; Mckinnell, C; Mitchell, RT; Sharpe, RM; Smith, LB; van den Driesche, S, 2015)	0.73
"Acetaminophen (APAP) consumption is large and sometimes excessive, and guidelines suggest to diminish the dosage prescription."	( A New Transmucous-Buccal Formulation of Acetaminophen for Acute Traumatic Pain: A Non-inferiority, Randomized, Double-Blind, Clinical Trial. Dubray, C; Macian, N; Moustafa, F; Pereira, B; Pickering, G; Schmidt, J, )	1.84
" It would diminish APAP consumption per dosage unit, limit the risk of adverse events and toxicity, and adhere to actual guidelines of APAP prescription."	( A New Transmucous-Buccal Formulation of Acetaminophen for Acute Traumatic Pain: A Non-inferiority, Randomized, Double-Blind, Clinical Trial. Dubray, C; Macian, N; Moustafa, F; Pereira, B; Pickering, G; Schmidt, J, )	0.4
" The obtained new knowledge can be helpful for the development of novel coating materials (based on QPM-MAS blends) for controlled-release dosage forms."	( Quaternary polymethacrylate-magnesium aluminum silicate films: Water uptake kinetics and film permeability. Pongjanyakul, T; Rongthong, T; Siepmann, F; Siepmann, J; Sungthongjeen, S, 2015)	0.42
"The pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen was investigated following oral dosing to Shiba goats in order to evaluate the properties of gastric emptying."	( Oral pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen to evaluate gastric emptying profiles of Shiba goats. Aboubakr, M; Elbadawy, M; Khalil, WF; Miyazaki, Y; Sasaki, K; Shimoda, M, 2015)	1.03
"The use of OTC (over-the-counter) drugs containing Ibuprofen and Paracetamol in solid peroral dosage forms was researched."	( Use of selected OTC drugs: comparing Greece and the Czech Republic. Macešková, B; Pipinou, E, )	0.13
" Caverage, calculated within the first hour of dosing of acetaminophen (average concentration at 0-1 hour, C0-1havg), can be used as a key surrogate to distinguish the effects of gastric emptying on the absorption of acetaminophen."	( Acetaminophen absorption kinetics in altered gastric emptying: establishing a relevant pharmacokinetic surrogate using published data. Srinivas, NR, 2015)	2.1
" The evidence was usually either low quality or very low quality, reflecting study limitations, indirectness such from as suboptimal dosing of single comparators, imprecision, or one or more of these."	( Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs versus other oral analgesic agents for acute soft tissue injury. Dalziel, SR; Frampton, C; Jones, P; Lamdin, R; Miles-Chan, JL, 2015)	0.42
" Acetaminophen should be used at the lowest effective dosage and for the shortest time in all OA patients."	( Safety and efficacy of paracetamol and NSAIDs in osteoarthritis: which drug to recommend? Frazier, A; Latourte, A; Richette, P, 2015)	1.33
" This study investigates paracetamol clearance in neonates and infants after single and multiple dosing using a population modelling approach."	( Developmental changes rather than repeated administration drive paracetamol glucuronidation in neonates and infants. Allegaert, K; Danhof, M; de Hoon, J; Knibbe, CA; Krekels, EH; Tibboel, D; van Ham, S, 2015)	0.42
"Excess dosing of acetaminophen is associated with deviations from label directions and by use of both OTC and Rx medications containing acetaminophen within a single concomitant use day."	( Patterns of acetaminophen medication use associated with exceeding the recommended maximum daily dose. Battista, D; Kaufman, DW; Kelly, JP; Malone, MK; Rohay, JM; Shiffman, S; Weinstein, RB, 2015)	1.14
" Group 2 received only paracetamol (PARA) (administered orally at a dosage of 300 mg/kg)."	( The Role of Urotensin Receptors in the Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity Model in Mice: Ameliorative Potential of Urotensin II Antagonist. Akpinar, E; Bayir, Y; Halici, Z; Karakus, E; Kose, D; Palabiyik, SS; Yayla, M, 2016)	0.43
" Together with these new biomarkers of hepatotoxicity, a 12-hour acetylcysteine protocol offers clinicians and patients the possibility for better targeting of therapy, fewer adverse effects, a simpler dosing regimen, and shorter hospital stay."	( Changing the Management of Paracetamol Poisoning. Bateman, DN, 2015)	0.42
" Thus, we conclude that concomitant oral dosing with APAP and NAC can provide a convenient and effective way of preventing toxicity associated with large dosage of APAP."	( Co-administration of N-Acetylcysteine and Acetaminophen Efficiently Blocks Acetaminophen Toxicity. Andrus, JP; Herzenberg, LA; Owumi, SE, 2015)	0.68
" Dosage reduction and/or increased dose interval are often required."	( [Analgesia in patients with hepatic impairment]. Innaurato, G; Piguet, V; Simonet, ML, 2015)	0.42
" Morphine dosage was calculated as the cumulative dose administered during the neonatal intensive care unit period."	( Intravenous Paracetamol Decreases Requirements of Morphine in Very Preterm Infants. Aikio, O; Hallman, M; Härmä, A; Saarela, T, 2016)	0.43
"Simulations of paracetamol time course concentrations in the blood were in close agreement with experimental data under a wide range of dosing conditions."	( A novel approach for estimating ingested dose associated with paracetamol overdose. Heard, K; Reisfeld, B; Zurlinden, TJ, 2016)	0.43
" This article reviews the importance of explaining the therapeutic and nontherapeutic effects of these agents, cautions, contraindications, dosing parameters, and the avoidance of acetaminophen/aspirin and multiple nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use to patients and prescribers."	( Pharmacist's evolving role in the nonopioid, over-the-counter, analgesic selection process. Barkin, RL, )	0.32
"Although 60 years have passed since it became widely available on the therapeutic market, paracetamol dosage in patients with liver disease remains a controversial subject."	( Can paracetamol (acetaminophen) be administered to patients with liver impairment? Hayward, KL; Irvine, KM; Martin, JH; Powell, EE, 2016)	0.77
" depression), so these results should be complied in analgesic dosage adjustment."	( Impairment in Pain Perception in Adult Rats Lesioned as Neonates with 5.7-Dihydroxytryptamine. Lewkowicz, Ł; Malinowska-Borowska, J; Muchacki, R; Nowak, PG; Szkilnik, R; Żelazko, A, )	0.13
" Although antidote, acetylcysteine, is potentially extracted by renal replacement therapies, pharmacokinetic data are lacking to guide potential dosing alterations."	( The pharmacokinetics and extracorporeal removal of N-acetylcysteine during renal replacement therapies. Hernandez, SH; Hoffman, RS; Howland, M; Schiano, TD, 2015)	0.42
"The present immediate-release solid dosage forms, such as the oral tablets and capsules, comprise granular matrices."	( Melt-processed polymeric cellular dosage forms for immediate drug release. Blaesi, AH; Saka, N, 2015)	0.42
"In Australia, legislation requires medication containing paracetamol display warning of co-administration with other paracetamol products, and safe maximum daily dosing (4 g)."	( High-visibility warning labels on paracetamol-containing products do not prevent supratherapeutic ingestion in a simulated scenario. Greene, S; Howell, J; Robotham, A; Rotella, JA; Wong, A, 2015)	0.42
" After cross-reference searches of both trials and 38 reviews, seven studies comparing acetaminophen in continuous dosing regimens of more than 2 weeks with placebo were included."	( Acetaminophen for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review on Efficacy. Dideriksen, D; Ennis, ZN; Handberg, G; Pottegård, A; Vaegter, HB, 2016)	2.1
" Limitations include retrospective review, selection bias, and absence of data on detail medications used, laboratory investigations and dosage of APAP intoxication."	( Risk of Acute Kidney Injury and Long-Term Outcome in Patients With Acetaminophen Intoxication: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. Chang, PY; Chen, JH; Chen, YG; Dai, MS; Huang, TC; Kao, CH; Lin, CL; Wu, YY, 2015)	0.65
" Adducts are detectable after a few doses and can persist for over a week after dosing is stopped."	( Paracetamol (acetaminophen) protein adduct concentrations during therapeutic dosing. Anderson, V; Bucher-Bartelson, B; Dart, RC; Green, JL; Heard, K, 2016)	0.8
" Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the dosage of postoperative intravenous-patient-controlled analgesia: paracetamol, dipyrone, or placebo."	( Administration of paracetamol versus dipyrone by intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for postoperative pain relief in children after tonsillectomy. Aribogan, A; Caliskan, E; Caylakli, F; Kocum, A; Sener, M; Yilmaz, I, )	0.13
" Pre-dosing mice were scored for the mouse clinical frailty index, and after dosing serum and liver tissue were collected for assessment of toxicity and mechanisms."	( Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice: Effect of age, frailty and exposure type. Cogger, V; de Cabo, R; Hilmer, SN; Huizer-Pajkos, A; Jones, B; Kane, AE; Le Couteur, DG; Mach, J; McKenzie, C; Mitchell, SJ, 2016)	1.88
" Single dosed matrices are prepared by cutting the semi elastic strand with a rotary fly cutter."	( Continuous production of controlled release dosage forms based on hot-melt extruded gum arabic: Formulation development, in vitro characterization and evaluation of potential application fields. Kipping, T; Rein, H, 2016)	0.43
" Parental education material in the form of weight-based dosing guides has been proposed; however, validation of current recommended APAP dosages using pharmacokinetic models is needed."	( Are Recommended Doses of Acetaminophen Effective for Children Aged 2 to 3 Years? A Pharmacokinetic Modeling Answer. Abourbih, DA; Gosselin, S; Kazim, S; Villeneuve, E, 2016)	0.74
" However, these results indicate that dosages for APAP in children should be weight based and manufacturers should review their dosing recommendations."	( Are Recommended Doses of Acetaminophen Effective for Children Aged 2 to 3 Years? A Pharmacokinetic Modeling Answer. Abourbih, DA; Gosselin, S; Kazim, S; Villeneuve, E, 2016)	0.74
" Because the safe limit of APAP dosing is controversial, our aim was to evaluate the role of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and JNK in mitochondrial dysfunction after APAP dosing considered nontoxic by criteria of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) release and histological necrosis in vivo."	( Low Dose Acetaminophen Induces Reversible Mitochondrial Dysfunction Associated with Transient c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Activation in Mouse Liver. Hu, J; Jaeschke, H; Lemasters, JJ; McGill, MR; Ramshesh, VK, 2016)	0.85
"Ethylcellulose is one of the most commonly used polymers to develop reservoir type extended release multiparticulate dosage forms."	( Investigation into the Effect of Ethylcellulose Viscosity Variation on the Drug Release of Metoprolol Tartrate and Acetaminophen Extended Release Multiparticulates-Part I. Ferrizzi, D; Mehta, R; Rajabi-Siahboomi, A; Schoener, C; Teckoe, J; Workentine, S, 2016)	0.64
" For residents with scheduled medication, dosage and duration of use were analysed."	( Pain medication in German nursing homes: a whole lot of metamizole. Hoffmann, F; Schmiemann, G, 2016)	0.43
"8%), the mean daily dosage was 1843 mg (interquartile range [IQR]: 1500-2250); 66."	( Pain medication in German nursing homes: a whole lot of metamizole. Hoffmann, F; Schmiemann, G, 2016)	0.43
"81 μM on hospital day 5; expected range for therapeutic dosing <1."	( Acute hepatotoxicity associated with therapeutic doses of intravenous acetaminophen. Anderson, VE; Dart, RC; Green, JL; Heard, KJ; Kovnat, D; Seifert, SA, 2016)	0.67
"We have identified a case of acute liver injury associated with therapeutic dosing of IV acetaminophen."	( Acute hepatotoxicity associated with therapeutic doses of intravenous acetaminophen. Anderson, VE; Dart, RC; Green, JL; Heard, KJ; Kovnat, D; Seifert, SA, 2016)	0.89
"Recent advances in accuracy and reliability of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices have focused renewed interest on the use of such technology for therapeutic dosing of insulin without the need for independent confirmatory blood glucose meter measurements."	( Direct Evidence of Acetaminophen Interference with Subcutaneous Glucose Sensing in Humans: A Pilot Study. Basu, A; Basu, R; Dyer, R; Peyser, T; Veettil, S, 2016)	0.76
" Mice were then dosed orally eight times over 3 days with additional paracetamol (250 mg/kg) or saline, followed by either one or two doses of oral NAC (1200 mg/kg) or saline."	( N-Acetyl cysteine does not prevent liver toxicity from chronic low-dose plus subacute high-dose paracetamol exposure in young or old mice. Cogger, V; de Cabo, R; Hilmer, SN; Huizer-Pajkos, A; Jones, B; Kane, AE; Le Couteur, DG; Mach, J; McKenzie, C; Mitchell, SJ, 2016)	0.43
" Further studies are needed to evaluate the influence of liver damage on paracetamol pharmacokinetics whenever repeated dosing is applied, to avoid possible drug accumulation."	( Bioavailability of paracetamol with/without caffeine in Egyptian patients with hepatitis C virus. Abdel-Aziz, AA; Ashour, AA; Atta, R; Botros, SS; El-Lakkany, NM; Hendawy, AS; Mansour, AM; Seif El-Din, SH, 2016)	0.43
" This study is designed to evaluate the appropriateness of antipyretics dosages generally administered to children with fever, and to identify factors that may influence dosage accuracy."	( Acetaminophen administration in pediatric age: an observational prospective cross-sectional study. Bonci, M; Cecchetti, C; Di Ruzza, L; Falsaperla, R; Gentile, I; Lubrano, R; Matin, N; Paoli, S; Pavone, P; Vitaliti, G, 2016)	1.88
" In a clinical study, healthy human subjects were dosed daily with 4 g of either acetaminophen or placebo pills for 7 days and evaluated over the course of 14 days."	( Blood gene expression profiling of an early acetaminophen response. Bushel, PR; Fannin, RD; Gerrish, K; Paules, RS; Watkins, PB, 2017)	0.94
" Although not dramatic at therapeutic dosing levels, these results demonstrated the divergence in the liver-specific APAP concentrations and AUC between the two groups and suggested that differences in glucuronidation capacity may play a role in this disparity."	( Characterizing the Effects of Race/Ethnicity on Acetaminophen Pharmacokinetics Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Reisfeld, B; Zurlinden, TJ, 2017)	0.71
" In the future this technology could become a manufacturing technology for the elaboration of oral dosage forms, for industrial production or even for personalised dose."	( Stereolithographic (SLA) 3D printing of oral modified-release dosage forms. Basit, AW; Gaisford, S; Goyanes, A; Wang, J, 2016)	0.43
"006) and higher average dexmedetomidine dosing per patient-day (0."	( Assessment of Antishivering Medication Requirements During Therapeutic Normothermia: Effect of Cooling Methods. Kirk, A; McDaniel, C; Rincon, F; Szarlej, D, 2016)	0.43
"The most prevalent pharmaceutical dosage forms at present-the oral immediate-release tablets and capsules-are granular solids."	( On the exfoliating polymeric cellular dosage forms for immediate drug release. Blaesi, AH; Saka, N, 2016)	0.43
" Significantly, both patients had recently had a dose escalation from 'as needed' dosing to 4 g daily, and the medication was being administered by nursing staff."	( Unexpected paracetamol (acetaminophen) hepatotoxicity at standard dosage in two older patients: time to rethink 1 g four times daily? Ging, P; Mikulich, O; O'Reilly, KM, 2016)	0.74
" The presence of α-amylase in the gastrointestinal tract and the variations of the gastric residence time of non-disintegrating dosage forms may affect the presystemic metabolism of this excipient and, consequently, the drug-release profile from formulations produced with SD HASCA."	( Spray-dried high-amylose sodium carboxymethyl starch: impact of α-amylase on drug-release profile. Leclair, G; Nabais, T; Zaraa, S, 2016)	0.43
"Hydrophilic aliphatic thermoplastic polyurethane (Tecophilic™ grades) matrices for high drug loaded oral sustained release dosage forms were formulated via hot melt extrusion/injection molding (HME/IM)."	( Hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethanes for the manufacturing of highly dosed oral sustained release matrices via hot melt extrusion and injection molding. De Beer, T; De Geest, BG; Kasmi, S; Remon, JP; Van Bockstal, PJ; Van Renterghem, J; Verstraete, G; Vervaet, C, 2016)	0.43
"A randomized, open-label, two-treatment, crossover, pharmacokinetic study of paracetamol dosed orally and intramuscularly was conducted."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of intramuscular versus oral syrup paracetamol in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Chierakul, W; Chotivanich, K; Dondorp, AM; Newton, PN; Plewes, K; Ruengweerayut, R; Silamut, K; Tarning, J; Teerapong, P; Wattanakul, T; White, NJ, 2016)	0.43
" Dosing simulations showed that 1000 mg of intramuscular or oral syrup administered six-hourly reached therapeutic steady state concentrations for antipyresis, but more favourable concentration-time profiles were achieved with a loading dose of 1500 mg, followed by a 1000 mg maintenance dose."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of intramuscular versus oral syrup paracetamol in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Chierakul, W; Chotivanich, K; Dondorp, AM; Newton, PN; Plewes, K; Ruengweerayut, R; Silamut, K; Tarning, J; Teerapong, P; Wattanakul, T; White, NJ, 2016)	0.43
" Relative oral bioavailability compared to intramuscular dosing was estimated as 84."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of intramuscular versus oral syrup paracetamol in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Chierakul, W; Chotivanich, K; Dondorp, AM; Newton, PN; Plewes, K; Ruengweerayut, R; Silamut, K; Tarning, J; Teerapong, P; Wattanakul, T; White, NJ, 2016)	0.43
" Peak inhibition of urinary metabolite excretion across 8 hours following dosing was the primary end point."	( Inhibition of prostacyclin and thromboxane biosynthesis in healthy volunteers by single and multiple doses of acetaminophen and indomethacin. Gottesdiener, KM; Greenberg, HE; Mehta, A; Musser, BJ; Schwartz, JI; Taggart, WV; Tanaka, WK, 2015)	0.63
" Raising ferrate (VI) dosage with optimal pH 7 improved the AAP degradation."	( Reaction kinetics and oxidation product formation in the degradation of acetaminophen by ferrate (VI). Jiang, JQ; Liu, Y; Wang, H, 2016)	0.67
" Less frequent dosing of the ERP formulation may explain the difference in usage patterns."	( Prescription usage patterns of two formulations of paracetamol in osteoarthritis: Australia-wide experience 2008-11. Calcino, G; Dunagan, F; Ortiz, M, 2016)	0.43
" Due to hepatotoxicity worries, there are no dose-response studies in children."	( A Long-term Co-perfused Disseminated Tuberculosis-3D Liver Hollow Fiber Model for Both Drug Efficacy and Hepatotoxicity in Babies. Cirrincione, KN; Crosswell, HE; Deshpande, D; Gumbo, T; Pasipanodya, JG; Ramachandran, G; Sherman, CM; Shuford, S; Srivastava, S; Swaminathan, S, 2016)	0.43
" Recommendations to achieve optimal patient safety outcomes include the adoption and integration of available technologies with full functionality configured to meet the institution's policies and processes, initial training and retraining of all staff who use these systems, continuing education of the patient care staff on the dosing safety requirements, and assigning a prominent role to the clinical pharmacist in the entire drug-use and reconciliation process."	( NCPDP recommendations for dose accumulation monitoring in the inpatient setting: Acetaminophen case model, version 1.0. , 2016)	0.66
" These patients required higher dosing and prolonged infusions of naloxone."	( Fatal Fentanyl: One Pill Can Kill. Adams, AJ; Albertson, TE; Black, HB; Chenoweth, JA; Colby, DK; Davis, MT; Ford, JB; Gerona, RR; Owen, KP; Roche, BM; Sutter, ME, 2017)	0.46
" IV and PO APAP doses administered with a predose pain score ≥4 within 1 h of dosing were compared."	( Intravenous Versus Oral Acetaminophen for Pain Control in Neurocritical Care Patients. Brophy, GM; Nadpara, PA; Nichols, DC; Taylor, PD, 2016)	0.74
"We compared plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics of paracetamol after intravenous (IV) and oral administration to determine dosing regimens that optimize CSF concentrations."	( Comparative Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Pharmacokinetics of Paracetamol After Intravenous and Oral Administration. Bjorksten, AR; Hogg, M; Jamsen, K; Kirkpatrick, C; Langford, RA; Leslie, K; Williams, DL, 2016)	0.43
" In 2012, the UK Commission on Human Medicines made recommendations for the management of paracetamol overdose, including provision of weight-based acetylcysteine dosing tables."	( An assessment of the variation in the concentration of acetylcysteine in infusions for the treatment of paracetamol overdose. Archer, JR; Bailey, GP; Dargan, PI; Flanagan, RJ; Rab, E; Wood, DM, 2017)	0.46
"Three multivariate calibration spectrophotometric methods were developed for simultaneous estimation of Paracetamol (PARA), Enalapril maleate (ENM) and Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in tablet dosage form; namely multi-linear regression calibration (MLRC), trilinear regression calibration method (TLRC) and classical least square (CLS) method."	( Development and validation of multivariate calibration methods for simultaneous estimation of Paracetamol, Enalapril maleate and hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical dosage form. Daharwal, SJ; Singh, VD, 2017)	0.46
", age) within two study sites on Guam, a secondary limestone forest (upland) and an abandoned coconut plantation (coastal), to determine how experimentally dosing snakes with acetaminophen is likely to influence carrion availability."	( Brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) population density and carcass locations following exposure to acetaminophen. Beasley, JC; DeVault, TL; Pitt, WC; Rhodes, OE; Smith, JB; Turner, KL, 2016)	0.84
" The versatility of this method was demonstrated by different examples, including the excipients mixture and commercial solid dosage forms (e."	( Application of Pisklak, DM; Szeleszczuk, Ł; Zielińska-Pisklak, M, 2016)	0.43
" It was found that the protonated CMS exhibited a better stability in simulated gastric fluid in comparison to its sodium salt in monolithic dosage forms, whereas both excipients afforded a complete gastric protection of drugs when formulated as dry-coated dosages."	( Carboxymethyl Starch Excipients for Drug Chronodelivery. Calinescu, C; De Koninck, P; Ispas-Szabo, P; Mateescu, MA, 2017)	0.46
"The dissolution is one of the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of oral solid dosage forms because it relates to the absorption of drug."	( Latent variable modeling to analyze the effects of process parameters on the dissolution of paracetamol tablet. Dai, S; Qiao, Y; Shi, X; Sun, F; Xu, B; Zhang, Y, 2017)	0.46
" Prescribing and dosing patterns in hospitalised children are not well known."	( Analgesic Drug Prescription Patterns on Five International Paediatric Wards. Botzenhardt, S; Neubert, A; Rashed, AN; Tomlin, S; Wong, IC, 2016)	0.43
" Dosing data were compared with local recommendations and WHO guidelines for children."	( Analgesic Drug Prescription Patterns on Five International Paediatric Wards. Botzenhardt, S; Neubert, A; Rashed, AN; Tomlin, S; Wong, IC, 2016)	0.43
" C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J mice were dosed with 200 mg/kg APAP and sacrificed at different time points."	( Differential susceptibility to acetaminophen-induced liver injury in sub-strains of C57BL/6 mice: 6N versus 6J. Bourdi, M; Cahkraborty, M; Davis, JS; Du, K; Duan, L; Jaeschke, H; Weemhoff, J; Woolbright, BL, 2016)	0.72
"Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3-Dimensional (3D) printing is becoming an increasingly important technology in the pharmaceutical sciences, since it allows the manufacture of personalized oral dosage forms by deposition of thin layers of material."	( Fused-filament 3D printing of drug products: Microstructure analysis and drug release characteristics of PVA-based caplets. Basit, AW; Gaisford, S; Goyanes, A; Kobayashi, M; Martínez-Pacheco, R, 2016)	0.43
" Dosing could not be determined, so it was not possible to quantify utilization of IV-APAP or ascertain differences in opioid consumption between the 2 groups."	( Hospitalization Costs for Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery Treated With Intravenous Acetaminophen (IV-APAP) Plus Other IV Analgesics or IV Opioid Monotherapy for Postoperative Pain. Eaddy, MT; Lunacsek, OE; Maiese, BA; Pham, AT; Shah, MV; Wan, GJ, 2017)	0.68
" Study participants were randomised to one of the three treatment groups as well as two dosing groups (regular versus as required) and two steam inhalation groups (steam versus no steam)."	( Paracetamol (acetaminophen) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alone or combined, for pain relief in acute otitis media in children. Damoiseaux, RA; Hay, AD; Little, P; Schilder, AG; Sjoukes, A; van de Pol, AC; Venekamp, RP, 2016)	0.8
"001); in a greater reduction in change from baseline temperature compared to treatment with acetaminophen, and it reduced fever throughout a 24 h dosing period."	( A multicenter, randomized, open-label, active-comparator trial to determine the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous ibuprofen for treatment of fever in hospitalized pediatric patients. Chumpitazi, CE; Hahn, BJ; Kaelin, BA; Khalil, SN; Macias, CG; Rock, AD, 2017)	0.68
" Alanine aminotransferase at baseline and following paracetamol administration was noted, as well as dosage and duration of paracetamol, along with participants' demographic details."	( Frequency of worsening liver function in severe dengue hepatitis patients receiving paracetamol: A retrospective analysis of hospital data. Aslam, F; Hakeem, H; Nasir, N; Siddiqui, F; Syed, AA, 2017)	0.46
" More large scale prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm our findings and carry out the dose-response analysis of aforementioned association."	( Use of acetaminophen and risk of endometrial cancer: evidence from observational studies. Ding, YY; Han, ZK; Hong, T; Li, HX; Verma, S; Yao, P; Zhu, YQ, 2017)	0.91
" In conclusion, administration of acetaminophen at the recommended dosage of 1 g per 6 hours to critically ill multiple-trauma patients yields serum concentrations below 10 μg/mL due to increased elimination."	( Pharmacokinetic Study of Intravenous Acetaminophen Administered to Critically Ill Multiple-Trauma Patients at the Usual Dosage and a New Proposal for Administration. Fuster-Lluch, O; Gerónimo-Pardo, M; Zapater-Hernández, P, 2017)	1.01
" Due to their bulk properties many APIs require processing to improve pharmaceutical formulation and manufacturing in the preparation for various drug dosage forms."	( Surface modification of acetaminophen particles by atomic layer deposition. Bimbo, LM; Cameron, DC; Correia, A; George, SM; Hirvonen, J; Hoppu, P; Kääriäinen, ML; Kääriäinen, TO; Kemell, M; Leskelä, M; Ritala, M; Santos, HA; Vehkamäki, M, 2017)	0.76
" Dosage variances and route of temperature measurement ranged between studies, limiting the comparability of studies."	( Effectiveness of paracetamol versus ibuprofen administration in febrile children: A systematic literature review. Cooper, S; Innes, K; Morphet, J; Narayan, K, 2017)	0.46
" We included information about the number of participants treated and demographic details, type of cancer, drug and dosing regimen, study design (placebo or active control) and methods, study duration and follow-up, analgesic outcome measures and results, withdrawals, and adverse events."	( Tramadol with or without paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain. Derry, S; Moore, RA; Wiffen, PJ, 2017)	0.73
" One study compared tramadol with placebo and a combination of cobrotoxin, tramadol, and ibuprofen, but the dosing schedule poorly explained."	( Tramadol with or without paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain. Derry, S; Moore, RA; Wiffen, PJ, 2017)	0.73
"3% indicated risks associated with use even when following the dosing instructions."	( A population-based study of risk perceptions of paracetamol use among Swedes-with a special focus on young adults. Håkonsen, H; Hedenrud, T, 2017)	0.46
"In formulation development, certain excipients, even though used in small quantities, can have a significant impact on the processability and performance of the dosage form."	( The Impact of Disintegrant Type, Surfactant, and API Properties on the Processability and Performance of Roller Compacted Formulations of Acetaminophen and Aspirin. Koo, O; Marin, A; Morkhade, D; Pan, D; Rana, S; Saha, P; Wu, Y; Zhao, J, 2017)	0.66
" We also simulated extended duration acetylcysteine regimens and other increased dosing strategies that have been recommended in specific paracetamol poisoning scenarios."	( Pharmacokinetic modelling of modified acetylcysteine infusion regimens used in the treatment of paracetamol poisoning. Graudins, A; Landersdorfer, C; Wong, A, 2017)	0.46
" Unfortunately, excessive dosage of APAP could cause severe liver injury due to lack of effective therapy."	( Glycyrrhetinic acid prevents acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury via the inhibition of CYP2E1 expression and HMGB1-TLR4 signal activation in mice. Chen, X; Gong, X; Jiang, R; Kuang, G; Li, K; Ma, L; Tie, H; Wan, J; Wang, B; Xie, T; Yang, G; Zhang, L, 2017)	0.75
" Suggested dosing regimens are proposed."	( Oral Multimodal Analgesia for Total Joint Arthroplasty. Balch, KR; Dalury, DF; Golladay, GJ; Jiranek, WA; Satpathy, J, 2017)	0.46
" This resulted in proposed dosing regimens containing higher doses than currently prescribed in the label for term neonates."	( Perinatal and neonatal use of paracetamol for pain relief. Allegaert, K; van den Anker, JN, 2017)	0.46
" The recommended dosage in the UK, Europe, Australia, and the USA for children and adolescents is generally 10 to 15 mg/kg every four to six hours, with specific age ranges from 60 mg (6 to 12 months old) up to 500 to 1000 mg (over 12 years old)."	( Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for chronic non-cancer pain in children and adolescents. Anderson, B; Cooper, TE; Eccleston, C; Fisher, E; Wilkinson, NM; Williams, DG, 2017)	0.82
"Continuous manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms is promising for increasing the efficiency and quality of pharmaceutical production and products."	( Provoking an end-to-end continuous direct compression line with raw materials prone to segregation. Abrahmsén-Alami, S; Ervasti, T; Folestad, S; Fransson, M; Karttunen, AP; Ketolainen, J; Korhonen, O; Lakio, S; Tajarobi, P; Wikström, H, 2017)	0.46
" A variety of dosing regimens is therefore used off-label."	( Intravenous Paracetamol Dosing Guidelines for Pain Management in (pre)term Neonates Using the Paediatric Study Decision Tree. Allegaert, K; Calvier, EAM; Knibbe, CAJ; Mian, P; Tibboel, D, 2017)	0.46
"First, a systematic search was performed to provide pharmacokinetic (PK)-based dosing guidelines for pain in neonates (with subsequent searches on safety in these papers)."	( Intravenous Paracetamol Dosing Guidelines for Pain Management in (pre)term Neonates Using the Paediatric Study Decision Tree. Allegaert, K; Calvier, EAM; Knibbe, CAJ; Mian, P; Tibboel, D, 2017)	0.46
" Only one study suggested a dosing resulting in a tailored concentration (8."	( Intravenous Paracetamol Dosing Guidelines for Pain Management in (pre)term Neonates Using the Paediatric Study Decision Tree. Allegaert, K; Calvier, EAM; Knibbe, CAJ; Mian, P; Tibboel, D, 2017)	0.46
"The number of intramuscularly applied dosage forms has been continuously increasing during the last decades."	( In vitro dissolution testing of parenteral aqueous solutions and oily suspensions of paracetamol and prednisolone. Klein, S; Probst, M; Schmidt, M; Seidlitz, A; Tietz, K; Weitschies, W, 2017)	0.46
"Pediatric acute-liver-failure due to acetaminophen (APAP) administration at therapeutic dosage is rare, while viral infections and metabolic defects are the prevalent causes."	( NBAS mutations cause acute liver failure: when acetaminophen is not a culprit. Brunati, A; Calvo, PL; Haak, TB; Olio, DD; Pinon, M; Romagnoli, R; Spada, M; Tandoi, F, 2017)	0.99
"There is growing need to develop efficient methods for early-stage drug discovery, continuous manufacturing of drug delivery vehicles, and ultra-precise dosing of high potency drugs."	( Printing of small molecular medicines from the vapor phase. Amidon, GE; Clarke, R; Fleck, E; Jones, CM; Mazzara, JM; Mehta, G; Raghavan, S; Rockwell, C; Schwendeman, A; Senabulya, N; Shalev, O; Shtein, M; Simopoulos, N; Sinko, PD, 2017)	0.46
" Acetaminophen should be used at the lowest effective dosage and for the shortest time."	( Is acetaminophen safe in pregnancy? Toda, K, 2017)	1.99
" Additional studies are needed to assess the relationship between caffeine dosing and clinical benefits in patients with TTH and migraine."	( Caffeine in the management of patients with headache. Diener, HC; Garas, SY; Lipton, RB; Patel, K; Robbins, MS, 2017)	0.46
"To evaluate college-age women's knowledge of appropriate doses and potential toxicities of acetaminophen, competency in interpreting Drug Facts label dosing information, and ability to recognize products containing acetaminophen."	( Knowledge of appropriate acetaminophen use: A survey of college-age women. Alaniz, C; Liao, AC; Nguyen, S; Skyles, AJ; Stumpf, JL, )	0.66
" Blood samples were taken, and Drug Liking scores (assessed on a bipolar visual analog scale) were obtained throughout each dosing interval."	( Pharmacokinetics and Abuse Potential of Benzhydrocodone, a Novel Prodrug of Hydrocodone, After Intranasal Administration in Recreational Drug Users. Barrett, AC; Dickerson, D; Guenther, SM; Mickle, TC; Roupe, KA; Webster, LR; Zhou, J, 2018)	0.48
" Further research to assess adverse events and other dosing may be warranted."	( Effect of a Single Dose of Oral Opioid and Nonopioid Analgesics on Acute Extremity Pain in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Baer, J; Barnaby, DP; Bijur, PE; Chang, AK; Esses, D, 2017)	0.46
" The intake frequency and dosage of Paracetamol varied between the women and was overall low with a tendency towards higher frequencies and higher dosages in the third trimester."	( Paracetamol Medication During Pregnancy: Insights on Intake Frequencies, Dosages and Effects on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Populations in Cord Blood From a Longitudinal Prospective Pregnancy Cohort. Arck, PC; Becher, H; Bremer, L; Diemert, A; Gehbauer, C; Goletzke, J; Hecher, K; Pagenkemper, M; Tiegs, G; Tolosa, E; Wiessner, C, 2017)	0.46
"Routine oral dosing practices in a SSA hospital resulted in substantial underexposure to paracetamol."	( Paracetamol clinical dosing routine leads to paracetamol underexposure in an adult severely ill sub-Saharan African hospital population: a drug concentration measurement study. Bos, JC; Mathôt, RAA; Mistício, MC; Nunguiane, G; Prins, JM; van Hest, RM, 2017)	0.46
" The proposed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines and was successfully applied to the analysis of these drugs in their tablet dosage forms with high accuracy."	( Simultaneous Determination of Tizanidine, Nimesulide, Aceclofenac and Paracetamol in Tablets and Biological Fluids Using Micellar Liquid Chromatography. Belal, F; Derayea, S; Hammad, MA; Omar, MA; Saleh, SF; Zayed, S, 2018)	0.48
" However, to be considered as a viable processing option for solid oral dosage forms there is a need to understand all critical sources of variability which could affect this granulation technique."	( Downstream processing from melt granulation towards tablets: In-depth analysis of a continuous twin-screw melt granulation process using polymeric binders. De Beer, T; Grymonpré, W; Remon, JP; Vanhoorne, V; Verstraete, G; Vervaet, C, 2018)	0.48
" In the present study, the dose-response and time-course model in C57/BL6 mice were established by intraperitoneal injection of APAP."	( Activation of p62-keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant pathway in the early stage of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice. Kou, R; Shen, Z; Song, F; Su, Z; Wang, Y; Xie, K, 2018)	0.71
" In the present study, a robust electromagnetic (valvejet) inkjet technology has been successfully applied to deposit prototype dosage forms from solutions with a wide range of viscosities, and from suspensions with particle sizes exceeding 2 μm."	( Inkjet printing of paracetamol and indomethacin using electromagnetic technology: Rheological compatibility and polymorphic selectivity. Croker, DM; Glowacki, BA; Hopkins, SC; Kollamaram, G; Walker, GM, 2018)	0.48
" We isolated virtual hepatocytes, created a virtual culture, and then conducted dose-response experiments in both culture and mice."	( A Model Mechanism-Based Explanation of an In Vitro-In Vivo Disconnect for Improving Extrapolation and Translation. Hunt, CA; Ropella, GEP; Smith, AK; Xu, Y, 2018)	0.48
" With the increasing administration of intravenous (IV) paracetamol, there will be the associated risk of medication dosing errors."	( Intravenous Paracetamol Overdose: A Pediatric Case Report. Arslan, D; Aslan, N; Bilen, S; Horoz, OO; Yildizdas, D; Yilmaz, HL, 2019)	0.51
"At delivery, we randomized women with preeclampsia with severe features to receive around-the-clock oral dosing with either 600 mg of ibuprofen or 650 mg of acetaminophen every 6 hours."	( Effect of ibuprofen vs acetaminophen on postpartum hypertension in preeclampsia with severe features: a double-masked, randomized controlled trial. Blue, NR; Drake-Lavelle, S; Holbrook, BD; Katukuri, VR; Leeman, L; Mozurkewich, EL; Murray-Krezan, C; Weinberg, D, 2018)	0.99
" Pharmacists should warn users to follow labelled dosing directions, especially during CFS."	( Prevalence of exceeding maximum daily dose of paracetamol, and seasonal variations in cold-flu season. Battista, DR; Kaufman, DW; Kelly, JP; Malone, MK; Shiffman, S; Weinstein, RB, 2018)	0.48
"At present, the most prevalent pharmaceutical dosage forms, the orally-delivered immediate-release tablets and capsules, are porous, granular solids."	( 3D-micro-patterned fibrous dosage forms for immediate drug release. Blaesi, AH; Saka, N, 2018)	0.48
" Caregivers involved with exposures in children <2 years of age cited health professionals as the source of dosing information in only 69% of cases despite the absence of specific dosing directions for these children on product labels."	( Medication Errors With Pediatric Liquid Acetaminophen After Standardization of Concentration and Packaging Improvements. Brass, EP; Burnham, RI; Green, JL; Reynolds, KM, 2018)	0.75
" Medication errors are particularly problematic for children <2 years of age, for whom there are no specific labeled dosing instructions."	( Medication Errors With Pediatric Liquid Acetaminophen After Standardization of Concentration and Packaging Improvements. Brass, EP; Burnham, RI; Green, JL; Reynolds, KM, 2018)	0.75
" Any substance producing sensor bias that exceeded the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) document 15197:2013 limits was then tested using an in vitro dose-response method to determine whether the concentration producing a significant sensor bias was within physiologic/therapeutic concentration ranges."	( Interference Assessment of Various Endogenous and Exogenous Substances on the Performance of the Eversense Long-Term Implantable Continuous Glucose Monitoring System. Lorenz, C; Mortellaro, M; Sandoval, W, 2018)	0.48
" Cholestasis was significantly elevated in model mice when pretreatment with routine or high dosage of PRP, but had no effect on normal mice."	( Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Involved in the Regulation of Bile Acids Metabolism in Hepatic Injury. Dang, X; Guo, S; Hu, N; Liu, L; Shi, L; Wei, H; Yang, P; Zhang, S; Zhang, Y, 2018)	0.48
" Previously marketed prescription products contained phenylephrine tannate, an extended-release salt, which allowed dosing every 8-12 h."	( An open-label, randomized, four-treatment crossover study evaluating the effects of salt form, acetaminophen, and food on the pharmacokinetics of phenylephrine. Gelotte, CK, 2018)	0.7
"Paracetamol is widely available and has an excellent safety profile; if a renoprotective effect is demonstrated, this trial will support the administration of regularly dosed paracetamol to all patients with knowlesi malaria."	( The effect of regularly dosed paracetamol versus no paracetamol on renal function in Plasmodium knowlesi malaria (PACKNOW): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Anstey, NM; Barber, BE; Chatfield, MD; Cooper, DJ; Dondorp, AM; Grigg, MJ; Piera, KA; Plewes, K; Rajahram, GS; William, T; Yeo, TW, 2018)	0.48
"To assess dose-response effects of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody ofatumumab on efficacy and safety outcomes in a phase 2b double-blind study of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS)."	( Subcutaneous ofatumumab in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: The MIRROR study. Austin, DJ; Bar-Or, A; Derosier, FJ; Grove, RA; Kavanagh, ST; Lewis, EW; Lopez, MC; Miller, AE; Sorensen, PS; Tolson, JM; VanMeter, SA, 2018)	0.48
" This treatment effect also occurred with dosage regimens that only partially depleted circulating B cells."	( Subcutaneous ofatumumab in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: The MIRROR study. Austin, DJ; Bar-Or, A; Derosier, FJ; Grove, RA; Kavanagh, ST; Lewis, EW; Lopez, MC; Miller, AE; Sorensen, PS; Tolson, JM; VanMeter, SA, 2018)	0.48
" The mean age, weight and area under the concentration-time curve for the sampled dosing interval were 34."	( Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous paracetamol in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury. Gowardman, J; Lipman, J; Myburgh, J; Parker, SL; Roberts, JA; Saxena, M, 2018)	0.48
" However, further study should be conducted to find the optimal dosage of paracetamol for relieving the pain in amniocentesis along with a large RCT with a long-term follow-up to evaluate the side effects of paracetamol."	( Oral paracetamol premedication effect on maternal pain in amniocentesis: a randomised double blind placebo-controlled trial. Pattanavijarn, L; Sudjai, D; Tuaktaew, T, 2018)	0.48
" Dosing of the drug is easy to control and change, hence it is possible to cancel the drug administering as soon as the required result is achieved so as to minimize any complications."	( ACETAMINOPHEN ADMINISTERING IN ORDER TO OBLITERATE HEMODYNAMICALLY SIGNIFICANT PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS IN NEONATES WITH EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT. Aleksandrovich, YS; Chupaeva, OY; Khubulava, GG; Li, AG; Marchenko, SP; Melashenko, TB; Naumov, AB; Pshenisnov, KV, 2016)	1.88
"Paracetamol is the most commonly used analgesic in older people, and is mainly dosed according to empirical dosing guidelines."	( Paracetamol in Older People: Towards Evidence-Based Dosing? Allegaert, K; Mian, P; Petrovic, M; Spriet, I; Tibboel, D, 2018)	0.48
" Solid dosage forms containing amoxicillin alone or in combination with clavulanic acid as well as analgesics containing paracetamol alone or in combination with other drugs were sampled in a randomized fashion from the formal market (pharmacies) and by convenient sampling from the informal market."	( Drug Quality in South Africa: A Field Test. Dressman, J; Katerere, DR; Lehmann, A, 2018)	0.48
" On the other hand, acetaminophen challenged mice treated with 14 days of coconut water vinegar were recorded with reduction of serum liver profiles, improved liver histology, restored liver antioxidant, reduction of liver inflammation and decreased level of liver cytochrome P450 2E1 in dosage dependent level."	( Coconut water vinegar ameliorates recovery of acetaminophen induced liver damage in mice. Alitheen, NB; Beh, BK; Ho, WY; Ky, H; Lim, KL; Long, K; Mohamad, NE; Sharifuddin, SA; Yeap, SK, 2018)	1.06
" The results suggest that 3D printing is therefore a suitable manufacturing method for personalized dosage forms."	( Influence of Geometry on the Drug Release Profiles of Stereolithographic (SLA) 3D-Printed Tablets. Basit, AW; Gaisford, S; Goyanes, A; Martinez, PR, 2018)	0.48
"We evaluated postoperative pain control and narcotic usage after thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) arthroplasty or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the distal radius in patients given opiates with or without other non-opiate medication using a specific dosing regimen."	( Multi-Modal Pain Control in Ambulatory Hand Surgery. Awan, HM; DiMeo, T; Harrison, RK; Klinefelter, RD; Ruff, ME, 2018)	0.48
" Users of 650-mg ER formulations were significantly less likely to know their dosing interval of 8 hours (33% vs."	( Exceeding the maximum daily dose of acetaminophen with use of different single-ingredient OTC formulations. Battista, DR; Kaufman, DW; Kelly, JP; Malone, MK; Shiffman, S; Weinstein, RB, )	0.41
"Usage of 500-mg OTC SI acetaminophen formulations does not contribute differently to exceeding dosage compared with other OTC SI acetaminophen formulations."	( Exceeding the maximum daily dose of acetaminophen with use of different single-ingredient OTC formulations. Battista, DR; Kaufman, DW; Kelly, JP; Malone, MK; Shiffman, S; Weinstein, RB, )	0.72
"Users should know the active ingredients and dosing directions to optimize the safe use of acetaminophen-containing medications."	( Knowledge of dosing directions among current users of acetaminophen-containing medications. Battista, DR; Kaufman, DW; Kelly, JP; Malone, MK; Shiffman, S; Weinstein, RB, )	0.6
" Users were asked about ingredients of medications taken; specific dosing instructions were asked for each OTC medication taken."	( Knowledge of dosing directions among current users of acetaminophen-containing medications. Battista, DR; Kaufman, DW; Kelly, JP; Malone, MK; Shiffman, S; Weinstein, RB, )	0.38
" The four models PLS, ANN, GA-PLS and GA-ANN were successfully applied for the determination of PAR and CZX in their pure and pharmaceutical dosage form."	( Traditional versus advanced chemometric models for the impurity profiling of paracetamol and chlorzoxazone: Application to pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. AlAlamein, AMA; Galal, MM; Saad, AS; Zaazaa, HE, 2018)	0.48
" This study investigates attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy as a simple and rapid method for determination of drug content in tablet dosage forms."	( Quantitative screening of the pharmaceutical ingredient for the rapid identification of substandard and falsified medicines using reflectance infrared spectroscopy. Lawson, G; Ogwu, J; Tanna, S, 2018)	0.48
" Cell sensitivity was assessed based on the total area under and over the dose-response curves (AUOC) in relation to baselines."	( Differentiated mitochondrial function in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts and human epithelial or endothelial cells in response to chemical exposure. Boncler, M; Dastych, J; Golanski, J; Lukasiak, M; Watala, C, 2019)	0.51
"The in-line control of pharmaceutical processes has become a necessary tool for the evaluation and follow-up of pharmaceutical dosage forms."	( A novel insight into fluid bed melt granulation: Temperature mapping for the determination of granule formation with the in-situ and spray-on techniques. Daoud, K; Korteby, Y; Mahdi, Y; Regdon, G, 2019)	0.51
" Thus, dosing is usually derived by extrapolation from adult and pediatric pharmacologic data with scaling by body weight or body surface area."	( Suggestions for Model-Informed Precision Dosing to Optimize Neonatal Drug Therapy. Akinbi, HT; Euteneuer, JC; Fukuda, T; Kamatkar, S; Vinks, AA, 2019)	0.51
" This article presents different analgesic drugs, their mode of action, indications, dosage and adverse drug reactions."	( [Pharmacological Basis of Pain Treatment]. Schüning, J; Schwarzer, A, 2018)	0.48
" Analysed dosage forms contained cyproheptadine and dexamethasone in concentrations higher than therapeutic doses."	( Determination of synthetic pharmaceutical adulterants in herbal weight gain supplements sold in herb shops, Tehran, Iran. Akhgari, M; Bahmanabadi, L; Bazmi, E; Mousavi, Z; Saberi, N, 2018)	0.48
" More than 2-fold increase in area under the curve from 0 to 24 h from the dispersions was noticed on the third day of oral dosing to animals."	( Glucosamine-paracetamol spray-dried solid dispersions with maximized intrinsic dissolution rate, bioavailability and decreased levels of in vivo toxic metabolites. Abourehab, MA; Ali, AMA; Alrobaian, MM; Hamaidi, M; Khames, A, 2018)	0.48
"The shallow dose-response relationship and good tolerability of the fixed-dose combination over an extended study period supports the utility of both doses of the fixed-dose combination in the home setting."	( Analgesic effectiveness, pharmacokinetics, and safety of a paracetamol/ibuprofen fixed-dose combination in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy: A randomized, single-blind, parallel group trial. Anderson, BJ; Atkinson, HC; Frampton, C; Playne, R; Stanescu, I, 2018)	0.48
"The present study involved segmental testing of hair in two clinical cases with known dosage histories."	( Segmental Hair Analysis-Interpretation of the Time of Drug Intake in Two Patients Undergoing Drug Treatment. Johansen, SS; Linnet, K; Nielsen, MKK; Wang, X, 2019)	0.51
" Although promising, acetaminophen treatment requires further studies regarding long-term safety as well as ideal dosing and route of administration."	( Pharmacotherapy for patent ductus arteriosus closure. Ferguson, JM, 2019)	0.83
"Human liver slice function was stressed by daily dosing of acetaminophen (APAP) or diclofenac (DCF) to investigate injury and repair."	( Progression of Repair and Injury in Human Liver Slices. Fisher, RL; Ulyanov, AV; Vickers, AEM, 2018)	0.72
"This project was initiated by Cincinnati Children's Hospital after an increase in perioperative acetaminophen dosing errors was reported."	( Increasing compliance of safe medication administration in pediatric anesthesia by use of a standardized checklist. Adler, AC; Buck, D; Kanjia, MK; Varughese, AM, 2019)	0.73
" A total of 24 patients will be assigned into one of three dosing cohorts of eight patients (n = 6 for PP100-01 and NAC; n = 2 for NAC alone)."	( Randomised open label exploratory, safety and tolerability study with calmangafodipir in patients treated with the 12-h regimen of N-acetylcysteine for paracetamol overdose-the PP100-01 for Overdose of Paracetamol (POP) trial: study protocol for a randomi Dear, J, 2019)	0.51
"Temporal patterns of acetaminophen use exceeding the recommended daily maximum dosage of 4 g over a 5-year period (4/1/2011-3/31/2016) were evaluated in an online 1-week diary study of 14 434 adult acetaminophen users who also reported acetaminophen use in the previous month."	( Five-year trends in acetaminophen use exceeding the recommended daily maximum dose. Battista, DR; Kaufman, DW; Kelly, JP; Malone, MK; Shiffman, S; Weinstein, RB, 2019)	1.16
" Les sensibilité et spécificité du dosage des IgE spécifiques pour le paracétamol, les tests cutanés et les autres tests de provocation in vitro ont été très peu étudiés."	( [How I explore... a suspicion of paracetamol allergy in children]. El Abd, K; Gadisseur, R; Sciacca, M; Thimmesch, M, 2019)	0.51
"An observational study was carried out to determine the magnitude of dosing errors made by parents, the most-preferred drug delivery device and the association of age, gender, education of the caregiver and number of children with the proportion of accurate doses."	( Liquid Drug Dosage Measurement Errors with Different Dosing Devices. Bavdekar, SB; Joshi, P, 2019)	0.51
" Moreover, the fabricated sensor was also successfully applied for the determination of AP in pharmaceutical dosage forms and human urine sample, and satisfactory recoveries were obtained."	( An electrochemical sensor based on electro-polymerization of caffeic acid and Zn/Ni-ZIF-8-800 on glassy carbon electrode for the sensitive detection of acetaminophen. Ding, X; Jiang, B; Liu, S; Pei, S; Zhang, W; Zhang, Y; Zong, L, 2019)	0.71
" It was hypothesized that 1000 mg of intravenous acetaminophen (IA) dosed every 6 hours would significantly reduce the postoperative pain score at rest and the opioid consumption volume in patients who would undergo total hip arthroplasty (THA) when compared to a control group."	( Evaluating the Effect of Intravenous Acetaminophen in Multimodal Analgesia After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Fukunishi, S; Hashimoto, K; Nishio, S; Simura, Y; Takeda, Y; Yoshiya, S, 2019)	1.04
" We also investigate the effect of scaling up the manufacturing process (from single to batch) by evaluating dosage uniformity and possibility of segregation in blends."	( Investigating the Effect of APAP Crystals on Tablet Behavior Manufactured by Direct Compression. Bhatt, C; Cuitino, A; Ghazi, N; Kiang, S; Liu, Z, 2019)	0.51
" In this study, we evaluated acetaminophen pharmacokinetics (PK) and changes in microRNA-122 (miR-122) levels after multiple dosing of acetaminophen with or without Ojeok-san."	( Pharmacokinetic Analysis and Biomarker-Assisted Safety Assessment of Acetaminophen in Combination With Ojeok-san Compared With Acetaminophen Alone. Kim, BH; Lee, JH; Lee, KT; Park, JY; Park, MS; Park, SI; Yim, SV; Yoon, YR, 2019)	1.04
" Model dosage forms containing acetaminophen and an excipient, lactose monohydrate, were prepared."	( Pharmaceutical quantification with univariate analysis using transmission Raman spectroscopy. Fukami, T; Goda, Y; Hisada, H; Inoue, M; Katori, N; Koide, T; Shimamura, R, 2019)	0.8
" The level of certainty for dosing recommendations obtainable from reviewing the evidence is low due to a small number of studies meeting search criteria, small samples sizes, inadequate information regarding cirrhosis etiology and compensated versus uncompensated liver disease, and lack of information on patient centered health outcomes."	( A Systematic Review of the Evidence Behind Use of Reduced Doses of Acetaminophen in Chronic Liver Disease. Juba, KM; Schweighardt, AE, 2018)	0.72
" This review covers aspects of curcumin in relation to prevention of drug-induced nephrotoxicity: dosage and schedule, effect on kidney biomarkers and histological changes, and mechanisms of curcumin's protective effects."	( Efficacy of curcumin on prevention of drug-induced nephrotoxicity: A review of animal studies. Barreto, GE; Beiraghdar, F; Motaharinia, J; Panahi, Y; Sahebkar, A, 2019)	0.51
"Fabrication of personalized dosage oral pharmaceuticals using additive manufacturing (AM) provides patients with customizable, locally manufactured, and cost-efficient tablets, while reducing the probability of side effects."	( Comparison of Linear and 4-Arm Star Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) for Aqueous Binder Jetting Additive Manufacturing of Personalized Dosage Tablets. Bai, Y; Long, TE; Ma, D; Williams, CB; Wilts, EM, 2019)	0.51
" There is concern that current NAC dosing is not large enough to adequately treat large APAP ingestions."	( Evaluation and treatment of acetaminophen toxicity. Curry, SC; Fisher, ES, 2019)	0.81
" Finally, in vivo studies in rats showed a higher bioavailability compared to conventional dosage forms and confirm the potential of biodegradable microcontainers for oral drug delivery."	( Biodegradable microcontainers - towards real life applications of microfabricated systems for oral drug delivery. Abid, Z; Boisen, A; Gundlach, C; Javed, MM; Keller, SS; Mazzoni, C; Müllertz, A; Nielsen, LH; Petersen, RS; Strindberg, S; Vaut, L, 2019)	0.51
" High dosage ibuprofen was associated with a faster clinical improvement and higher rate of PDA closure."	( Oral ibuprofen is superior to oral paracetamol for patent ductus arteriosus in very low and extremely low birth weight infants. Chen, C; Li, Q; Li, Z; Lu, J; Zhu, L, 2019)	0.51
" Plasma samples were collected at 17 hr after dosing (during the manifestation of symptoms) and at one month (after recovery) and were subjected to LC-MS analysis of NAPQI-adducts."	( LC-MS analyses of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine-adducts of glutathione, cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, and albumin in a plasma sample: A case study from a patient with a rare acetaminophen-induced acute swelling rash. Kubo, T; Lee, SH; Oe, T; Ozawa, M, 2019)	0.71
" Focusing on paracetamol, this study has explored the appropriateness of pharmaceutical products in different dosage forms to achieve adequate patient acceptability from infants to centenarians."	( Dosage form suitability in vulnerable populations: A focus on paracetamol acceptability from infants to centenarians. Belissa, É; Boudy, V; Chevallier, A; de Pontual, L; Dufaÿ Wojcicki, A; Fontan, JE; Laribe-Caget, S; Nathanson, S; Ruiz, F; Vallet, T, 2019)	0.51
"By better integrating patient characteristics when choosing dosage forms, clinicians and caregivers may improve treatment acceptability and adherence."	( Dosage form suitability in vulnerable populations: A focus on paracetamol acceptability from infants to centenarians. Belissa, É; Boudy, V; Chevallier, A; de Pontual, L; Dufaÿ Wojcicki, A; Fontan, JE; Laribe-Caget, S; Nathanson, S; Ruiz, F; Vallet, T, 2019)	0.51
" Furthermore, autophagy intervention experiments were achieved by the administration of rapamycin (RAPA) or chloroquine (CQ) one hour prior to dosing 300 mg/kg APAP."	( Mitophagy protects against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Kou, R; Shan, S; Shen, Z; Song, F; Xie, K; Zhang, C, 2019)	0.81
" After dissolution of the PVP interlayer, the capsule separates in two, with inner and outer capsules for continuous drug dosing and targeting."	( Precision Printing of Customized Cylindrical Capsules with Multifunctional Layers for Oral Drug Delivery. Chang, MW; Chen, X; Li, X; Mai, J; Wu, S; Zhang, C, 2019)	0.51
" IV dosing may be preferable to ensure adequate pain relief."	( Enteral Acetaminophen Bioavailability in Pediatric Intensive Care Patients Determined With an Oral Microtracer and Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Optimize Dosing. Calvier, E; de Wildt, SN; Kleiber, N; Knibbe, CAJ; Krekels, EHJ; Mooij, MG; Tibboel, D; Vaes, WHJ, 2019)	0.95
"Cord biomarkers of fetal exposure to acetaminophen were associated with significantly increased risk of childhood ADHD and ASD in a dose-response fashion."	( Association of Cord Plasma Biomarkers of In Utero Acetaminophen Exposure With Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Childhood. Azuine, RE; Hong, X; Hou, W; Ji, Y; Pearson, C; Riley, A; Wang, G; Wang, X; Zhang, Y; Zuckerman, B, 2020)	1.08
" ER2 mRNA expression shows a downregulated trend, with a clearer dose-response relationship in males."	( Effects of short-term exposure of paracetamol in the gonads of blue mussels Mytilus edulis. Ciocan, C; Koagouw, W, 2020)	0.56
" Furthermore, the bioavailability of the APIs from the dosage form depends largely on these characteristics."	( Fiber-Array-Based Raman Hyperspectral Imaging for Simultaneous, Chemically-Selective Monitoring of Particle Size and Shape of Active Ingredients in Analgesic Tablets. Frosch, T; Popp, J; Wyrwich, E; Yan, D, 2019)	0.51
"cit, CAF and PAP in pure powder and in combined tablets dosage form without interference from excipients."	( Development and Validation of Chromatographic Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol, Orphenadrine Citrate and Caffeine in Presence of P-aminophenol; Quantification of P-aminophenol Nephrotoxic Impurity Using LC-MS/MS. Boltia, SA; Elzanfaly, ES; Soudi, AT; Zaazaa, HE, 2020)	0.56
"We measured the acetaminophen dose-response in isometrically mounted arteries and pharmacologically evaluated the factors accounting for its vasomotor effects."	( Acetaminophen increases pulmonary and systemic vasomotor tone in the newborn rat. Belik, J; McNamara, PJ; Pan, J; Tamir Hostovsky, L, 2020)	2.35
" Results The scheduled dosing group was found to have a statistically significant decrease in pain scores at all time intervals."	( The effect of a scheduled regimen of acetaminophen and ibuprofen on opioid use following cesarean delivery. Chappelle, J; Poljak, D, 2020)	0.83
" In a simulation of expected steady-state plasma concentrations following multiple dosing of 650 mg APAP every 4 hours, post-RYGBS patients had higher steady-state peak APAP concentrations compared to healthy individuals and obese pre-RYGBS patients, though APAP exposure was unchanged compared to healthy individuals."	( The Impact of Proximal Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery on Acetaminophen Absorption and Metabolism. Chan, LN; Chen, KF; Flum, DR; Horn, JR; Lin, YS; Oelschlager, BK; Senn, TD; Shen, DD, 2020)	0.8
" We sought to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of over the counter dosing of ibuprofen on pain and bleeding rates following ESS."	( Effect of Over the Counter Ibuprofen Dosing after Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Prospective Cohort Pilot Study. Davis, GE; Humphreys, IM; Miller, C, 2020)	0.56
"Over the counter dosing of ibuprofen along with acetaminophen may yield better pain control after sinus surgery compared to acetaminophen alone."	( Effect of Over the Counter Ibuprofen Dosing after Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Prospective Cohort Pilot Study. Davis, GE; Humphreys, IM; Miller, C, 2020)	0.81
"The aim of the current study was the development of pediatric-friendly 3D printed chocolate-based oral dosage forms."	( Pediatric-friendly chocolate-based dosage forms for the oral administration of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs fabricated with extrusion-based 3D printing. Fatouros, DG; Gkaragkounis, A; Karavasili, C; Moschakis, T; Ritzoulis, C, 2020)	0.56
" A clinical dosage (4 mg/mL) of dexamethasone (Dex) showed toxic effects on chondrocytes, and the long-time treatment by lower doses (4-400 μg/mL) induced hypertrophic changes in the chondrocytes."	( Primary Human Chondrocytes Affected by Cigarette Smoke-Therapeutic Challenges. Arnscheidt, C; Aspera-Werz, RH; Chen, T; Ehnert, S; Nussler, AK; Tendulkar, G; Zhu, S, 2020)	0.56
"Some patients encounter hepatotoxicity after repeated acetaminophen (APAP) dosing even at therapeutic doses."	( Enhancement of acetaminophen-induced chronic hepatotoxicity in spontaneously diabetic torii (SDT) rats. Hashimoto, T; Kobayashi, A; Kondo, K; Sugai, S; Suzuki, Y; Takahashi, T; Toyoda, K; Yamada, N; Yoshinari, K, 2020)	1.16
"N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an effective antidote for the treatment of acetaminophen (APAP) poisoning; however, due to its low stability and bioavailability, repeated dosing of NAC is needed."	( Improvement of therapeutic potential N-acetylcysteine in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by encapsulation in PEGylated nano-niosomes. Azandaryani, MT; Firozian, F; Karami, S; Nili-Ahmadabadi, A; Ranjbar, A, 2020)	1.04
" Notably, slow addition of any of the four therapeutics to cultured macrophages, mimicking the slowly increasing plasma concentration reported for standard oral dosage in patients, yielded no detectable change in pseudopod morphology."	( Rapid exposure of macrophages to drugs resolves four classes of effects on the leading edge sensory pseudopod: Non-perturbing, adaptive, disruptive, and activating. Buckles, TC; Djukovic, D; Falke, JJ; Ziemba, BP, 2020)	0.56
"Oral drug delivery systems for time-controlled release, intended for chronotherapy or colon targeting, are often in the form of coated dosage forms provided with swellable/soluble hydrophilic polymer coatings."	( Erodible coatings based on HPMC and cellulase for oral time-controlled release of drugs. Cerea, M; Foppoli, A; Gazzaniga, A; Maroni, A; Melocchi, A; Moutaharrik, S; Palugan, L; Zema, L, 2020)	0.56
" Concentration levels in the designed mixture were carefully considered to recede the challenging dosage form ratio."	( Spectral resolution of quaternary components in a sinus and congestion mixture; Multivariate algorithms to approach extremes of concentration levels. Abbas, SS; Badawey, AM; Nabil, M; Yehia, AM, 2020)	0.56
"In this Quality Improvement (QI project) it was hypothesized that an increase in dosing intervals for postoperative analgesia when alternating Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen would reduce post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) rates for those undergoing tonsillectomies with or without adenoidectomy, while maintaining the standard of postoperative analgesia and reducing visits to the Emergency Room (ER) for reasons other than PTH."	( The Effect of Ibuprofen Dosing Interval on Post-Tonsillectomy Outcomes in Children: A Quality Improvement Study. Carr, MM; Henderson, K; Mast, G, 2020)	0.76
" Starting January of 2018 through November of 2018, the dosage interval was lengthened 1 hour."	( The Effect of Ibuprofen Dosing Interval on Post-Tonsillectomy Outcomes in Children: A Quality Improvement Study. Carr, MM; Henderson, K; Mast, G, 2020)	0.56
" This study aimed to develop an oral dosage form that is palatable and easy to swallow by pediatric patients as well as to overcome the shortcomings of liquid formulations."	( Formulation development of paracetamol instant jelly for pediatric use. Ahmed Saeed Aljapairai, K; Akkawi, ME; Almurisi, SH; Chatterjee, B; Doolaanea, AA; Islam Sarker, MZ, 2020)	0.56
" The palatability assessment carried out on 12 human subjects established the similar palatability and texture of the paracetamol instant jelly dosage comparable to the commercial paracetamol suspension and was found to be even better in overcoming the aftertaste of paracetamol."	( Formulation development of paracetamol instant jelly for pediatric use. Ahmed Saeed Aljapairai, K; Akkawi, ME; Almurisi, SH; Chatterjee, B; Doolaanea, AA; Islam Sarker, MZ, 2020)	0.56
"Such findings indicate that paracetamol instant jelly will compensate for the use of sweetening and flavoring agents as well as develop pediatric dosage forms with limited undesired excipients."	( Formulation development of paracetamol instant jelly for pediatric use. Ahmed Saeed Aljapairai, K; Akkawi, ME; Almurisi, SH; Chatterjee, B; Doolaanea, AA; Islam Sarker, MZ, 2020)	0.56
"Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) manufactured by freeze-drying, also called oral lyophilizates, are a patient-centred dosage form."	( Application of polyvinyl acetate in an innovative formulation strategy for lyophilized orally disintegrating tablets. De Beer, T; Vanbillemont, B, 2020)	0.56
"This study sought to determine whether a brief intervention at the time of emergency department (ED) discharge can improve safe dosing of liquid acetaminophen and ibuprofen by parents or guardians."	( Medication Education for Dosing Safety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Camargo, CA; Cohen, A; Espinola, JA; Faridi, M; Hayes, BD; Naureckas Li, C; Porter, S; Samuels-Kalow, M, 2020)	0.76
" Families were randomized to standard care or a teaching intervention combining lay language, simplified handouts, provision of an unmarked dosing syringe, and teach-back to confirm correct dosing."	( Medication Education for Dosing Safety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Camargo, CA; Cohen, A; Espinola, JA; Faridi, M; Hayes, BD; Naureckas Li, C; Porter, S; Samuels-Kalow, M, 2020)	0.56
"A multifaceted intervention at the time of ED discharge-consisting of a simplified dosing handout, a teaching session, teach-back, and provision of a standardized dosing device-can improve parents' knowledge of safe dosing of liquid medications at 48 to 72 hours."	( Medication Education for Dosing Safety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Camargo, CA; Cohen, A; Espinola, JA; Faridi, M; Hayes, BD; Naureckas Li, C; Porter, S; Samuels-Kalow, M, 2020)	0.56
" An efficient and sensitive method to measure multiple serum drugs and metabolites could inform drug dosing in polypharmacy."	( Quantification of serum levels in mice of seven drugs (and six metabolites) commonly taken by older people with polypharmacy. Hilmer, SN; Mach, J; Wang, X, 2021)	0.62
"To determine the degree of cross-contamination and to validate a cleaning process for an Automated Personalised Dosing System (APDS), respecting the permitted residue transfer limits."	( Determination of the cross-contamination and validation of the cleaning process for an automated personalised dosing system. Beobide Telleria, I; Ferro Uriguen, A; Martínez Arrechea, S; Miró Isasi, B; Sampedro Yangüela, C; Urretavizcaya Anton, M, 2022)	0.72
" Validated HPLC method was successfully applied to the analysis of PAR and CZ in their combined capsules dosage form, and assay results were favorably compared with a published reference HPLC method."	( Validated specific HPLC-DAD method for simultaneous estimation of paracetamol and chlorzoxazone in the presence of five of their degradation products and toxic impurities. Bedair, MM; Belal, TS; El-Yazbi, AF; Guirguis, KM, 2020)	0.56
" This review analyzes available data on paracetamol dosing for pain and fever in children and adolescents who are overweight or obese to identify gaps and challenges in optimal dosing strategies."	( Practical Challenges-Use of Paracetamol in Children and Youth Who are Overweight or Obese: A Narrative Review. Bhagat, PK; Siddiqui, K; Zempsky, WT, 2020)	0.56
" A dose-response association was detected; each doubling of exposure increased the odds of ADHD by 10% (OR, 1."	( Association of Prenatal Acetaminophen Exposure Measured in Meconium With Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Mediated by Frontoparietal Network Brain Connectivity. Aw, N; Baccarelli, AA; Baker, BH; Bellenger, JP; Boivin, A; Gillet, V; Laue, HE; Lepage, JF; Lugo-Candelas, C; Posner, J; Rahman, T; Takser, L; Whittingstall, K; Wu, H, 2020)	0.87
" In the present study, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) approach for modeling paracetamol suspension data collected in adults was proposed with the ultimate aim to investigate whether extrapolation to infants is substantially affected by the dosing conditions applied to adults."	( Successful Extrapolation of Paracetamol Exposure from Adults to Infants After Oral Administration of a Pediatric Aqueous Suspension Is Highly Dependent on the Study Dosing Conditions. Fotaki, N; Holm, R; Reppas, C; Statelova, M; Vertzoni, M, 2020)	0.56
" Opioid outcomes calculated in morphine milligram equivalents per kilogram (MME/kg) per dosage and total prescribed."	( Pediatric Post-Tonsillectomy Opioid Prescribing Practices. Agamawi, YM; Brinkmeier, JV; Cass, LM; Mouzourakis, M; Pannu, JS, 2021)	0.62
" This was compared with the patients for which the e-agent had, during the same period, prospectively made an alert for absolute or relative overdosing or for a dosing interval < 4 h (potentially leading to an absolute overdose)."	( Implementation and outcome of an electronic tool for detection of paracetamol overdose in a tertiary care hospital. Blum, K; Cabrera-Diaz, F; Lim, S; Salili, AR; Zaugg, C, 2021)	0.62
" baseline glutathione (GSH) levels, pharmacokinetics, and capacity of hepatic antioxidants) leads to potential differences in carcinogenic hazard potential at different dosing schemes: maximum labeled doses of 4 g/day, repeated doses above the maximum labeled dose (>4-12 g/day), and acute overdoses of acetaminophen (>15 g)."	( Application of the DILIsym® Quantitative Systems Toxicology drug-induced liver injury model to evaluate the carcinogenic hazard potential of acetaminophen. Atillasoy, E; Eichenbaum, G; Gebremichael, Y; Gelotte, CK; Howell, BA; Jacobson-Kram, D; Jaeschke, H; Kuffner, E; Lai, JCK; Murray, FJ; Wikoff, D; Yang, K, 2020)	0.93
" The accumulated dosage of acetaminophen given by postoperative day 2 was significantly higher in the Single group versus the Continuous group (55."	( The Effect of Continuous Field Block through Intercostal Muscles after Atrial Septal Defect Closure via a Mini-Right Thoracotomy in Pediatric Patients. Ishii, Y; Kishikawa, H; Miyagi, Y; Mori, K; Nitta, T; Sakamoto, A; Sasaki, T; Suzuki, K, 2021)	0.92
" administration of acetaminophen with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP; a mucoadhesive agent) and poly-l-arginine (PLA; an absorption enhancer) were investigated to improve retention of the dosage solution in the olfactory epithelium region and enhance the transfer of acetaminophen to the brain."	( Delivery of acetaminophen to the central nervous system and the pharmacological effect after intranasal administration with a mucoadhesive agent and absorption enhancer. Kimura, M; Matsuzaki, H; Natsume, H; Ogawa, K; Okazaki, M; Uchida, H; Uchida, M; Yamaki, T, 2021)	1.33
" For PK assessments, we dosed the APAP in the media at preset timepoints after administering it either over the intestinal barrier (emulating the oral route) or in the media (emulating the intravenous route), at 12 µM and 2 µM respectively."	( An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment. Bortot, LO; de Carvalho, M; Dias, MM; Indolfo, NC; Lorencini, M; Marin, TM; Pagani, E; Rocco, SA; Schuck, DC; Vasconcelos Bento, GI, 2020)	0.56
" N-Acetylcysteine should be given according to specific regimens through weight-based dosing tables."	( Paracetamol overdose in the newborn and infant: a life-threatening event. Antonucci, R; Capobianco, G; Cuzzolin, L; Locci, C, 2021)	0.62
" While repeated dosing with the milder 75 mg/kg dose did not cause mitochondrial protein adduct formation, JNK activation, or liver injury, autophagy inhibition resulted in hepatocyte death even at this lower dose."	( Impaired protein adduct removal following repeat administration of subtoxic doses of acetaminophen enhances liver injury in fed mice. Akakpo, JY; Ding, WX; Jaeschke, H; Nguyen, NT; Ramachandran, A; Weemhoff, JL, 2021)	0.85
" The dosage of paracetamol ingested was within current guidance yet there was sudden derangement of liver function."	( Normal dose paracetamol in muscular dystrophy patients - is it normal? Philipose, Z; Teo, KS; Yin, JL, 2020)	0.56
"62) in a dose-response manner."	( Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen increases the risk of atopic dermatitis in children: A nationwide nested case-control study in Taiwan. Bai, YM; Chang, YT; Chen, MH; Chen, TJ; Dai, YX; Li, CY; Tsai, SJ, 2021)	0.94
" We aimed in this study to assess parents' knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding paracetamol dosing and toxicity, as well as their awareness regarding paracetamol-containing products."	( An assessment of parents' knowledge and awareness regarding paracetamol use in children: a cross-sectional study from Palestine. Al-Jabi, SW; Al-Tawil, F; Daifallah, A; Elkourdi, M; Jabr, R; Koni, A; Salman, Z; Samara, A; Zyoud, SH, 2021)	0.62
"8% preferred the suppository dosage form."	( An assessment of parents' knowledge and awareness regarding paracetamol use in children: a cross-sectional study from Palestine. Al-Jabi, SW; Al-Tawil, F; Daifallah, A; Elkourdi, M; Jabr, R; Koni, A; Salman, Z; Samara, A; Zyoud, SH, 2021)	0.62
"Recent recognition of "massive" acetaminophen (APAP) overdoses has led to the question of whether standard dosing of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is adequate to prevent hepatoxicity in these patients."	( Clinical outcome of massive acetaminophen overdose treated with standard-dose N-acetylcysteine. Cumpston, KL; Downs, JW; Kershner, EK; Rose, SR; Troendle, MM; Wills, BK, 2021)	1.2
" Dosing regimens of frusemide, and acetaminophen, and the sizes of ductus arteriosus following treatment, were evaluated."	( Intravenous frusemide does not interact pharmacodynamically with acetaminophen in critically ill preterm neonates with patent ductus arteriosus. Al Ansari, E; Al Jufairi, M; Al Madhoob, A; Al Marzooq, R; Sridharan, K, 2021)	1.14
" Variations were observed in the dosing regimen of acetaminophen across the studies."	( Intravenous acetaminophen (at 15 mg/kg/dose every 6 hours) in critically ill preterm neonates with patent ductus arteriosus: A prospective study. Al Ansari, E; Al Jufairi, M; Al Madhoob, A; Al Marzooq, R; Hasan, SJR; Hubail, Z; Sridharan, K, 2021)	1.25
"The optimal dosing of post-operative total knee arthroplasty (TKA) narcotics is unclear."	( Average narcotic usage in a group of TKA patients following a modern TKA protocol. Chapman, DM; Costales, TG; Dalury, DF; Greenwell, PH; Volkmann, MC, 2021)	0.62
" Investigations that evaluate more typical dosing regimens are required."	( The efficacy and safety of paracetamol for pain relief: an overview of systematic reviews. Abdel Shaheed, C; Ahedi, H; Day, RO; Dmitritchenko, A; Ferreira, GE; Kamper, S; Langendyk, V; Latimer, J; Lin, C; Maher, CG; McLachlan, AJ; McLachlan, H; Saragiotto, B; Stanaway, F, 2021)	0.62
" Coupling abovementioned technologies for personalized drug delivery can improve access to complex dosage formulations at a reasonable cost."	( Oral drug delivery systems using core-shell structure additive manufacturing technologies: a proof-of-concept study. Repka, MA; Vo, AQ; Xu, P; Zhang, J, 2021)	0.62
"The favourable drug-release profiles of 3D-printed tablets demonstrated the advantage of coupling HME with 3D printing technology to produce personalized dosage formulations."	( Oral drug delivery systems using core-shell structure additive manufacturing technologies: a proof-of-concept study. Repka, MA; Vo, AQ; Xu, P; Zhang, J, 2021)	0.62
"Evaluate the appropriateness of acetaminophen dosing by caregivers seeking care for their children/wards at the emergency department of a pediatric hospital."	( Appropriateness of Acetaminophen Dosing by Caregivers of Pediatric Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department at the University Pediatric Hospital in Puerto Rico. Hernández-Muñoz, JJ; Ortiz-Vera, YA; Parambil, A; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, NJ; Vélez-Rivera, SM, 2021)	1.23
" The product's dosage form and strength, measurement device used (if any), and demographic data (of the caregiver and child) were also collected."	( Appropriateness of Acetaminophen Dosing by Caregivers of Pediatric Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department at the University Pediatric Hospital in Puerto Rico. Hernández-Muñoz, JJ; Ortiz-Vera, YA; Parambil, A; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, NJ; Vélez-Rivera, SM, 2021)	0.95
" Only 9% of the caregivers consulted a pharmacist for dosing recommendations."	( Appropriateness of Acetaminophen Dosing by Caregivers of Pediatric Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department at the University Pediatric Hospital in Puerto Rico. Hernández-Muñoz, JJ; Ortiz-Vera, YA; Parambil, A; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, NJ; Vélez-Rivera, SM, 2021)	0.95
" We performed a retrospective, multi-center analysis to determine if a capped NAC dosing scheme is similar to a non-capped dosing scheme in patients weighing over 100 kg."	( Evaluation of Dosing Strategies of N-acetylcysteine for Acetaminophen Toxicity in Patients Greater than 100 Kilograms: Should the Dosage Cap Be Used? Akpunonu, P; Bailey, AM; Baum, RA; Geraghty, L; Howell, MM; Mohan, S; Su, MK; Weant, KA; Webb, AN; Woolum, JA, 2021)	0.87
" A capped NAC dosing scheme resulted in no difference in hepatic injury when compared to a non-capped regimen (49."	( Evaluation of Dosing Strategies of N-acetylcysteine for Acetaminophen Toxicity in Patients Greater than 100 Kilograms: Should the Dosage Cap Be Used? Akpunonu, P; Bailey, AM; Baum, RA; Geraghty, L; Howell, MM; Mohan, S; Su, MK; Weant, KA; Webb, AN; Woolum, JA, 2021)	0.87
"A capped NAC dosing scheme was not associated with higher rates of hepatic injury or hepatotoxicity in obese patients in the setting of acetaminophen poisoning when compared to a non-capped regimen."	( Evaluation of Dosing Strategies of N-acetylcysteine for Acetaminophen Toxicity in Patients Greater than 100 Kilograms: Should the Dosage Cap Be Used? Akpunonu, P; Bailey, AM; Baum, RA; Geraghty, L; Howell, MM; Mohan, S; Su, MK; Weant, KA; Webb, AN; Woolum, JA, 2021)	1.07
"Paediatric practice requires various dosing forms that are acceptable for children of different ages and abilities."	( A straw for paediatrics: How to administer highly dosed, bitter tasting paracetamol granules. Baumgartner, A; Minova, J; Nolimal, B; Planinšek, O; Simšič, T, 2021)	0.62
"At physician-directed dosing (acetaminophen 15 mg/kg vs ibuprofen 10 mg/kg), no significant differences in antipyretic effects from 0‒6 h and between 0‒6, ‒12, ‒24, or ‒48 h, with single or multiple-doses, respectively, were observed."	( Acetaminophen and ibuprofen in the treatment of pediatric fever: a narrative review. Paul, IM; Walson, PD, 2021)	2.35
" Voluntary Paracetamol intake via drinking water reached the target dosage of 200 mg/kg in most animals."	( Lidocaine and bupivacaine as part of multimodal pain management in a C57BL/6J laparotomy mouse model. Arras, M; Durst, MS; Jirkof, P; Palme, R; Talbot, SR, 2021)	0.62
" Steady-state LX9211 plasma concentrations were rapidly attained and maintained by a dosing regimen of a loading dose, followed by daily maintenance doses (1/10 the loading dose)."	( Results of two Phase 1, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Studies (Ascending Single-dose and Multiple-dose Studies) to Determine the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered LX9211 in Healthy Participants. Banks, P; Boehm, KA; Bundrant, L; Gopinathan, S; Hunt, TL; Kassler-Taub, K; Tyle, P; Warner, C; Wason, S; Wilson, A, 2021)	0.62
"To assess the safety of dosing more than 4 grams of acetaminophen in a 24-hour period in hospitalized patients and develop a method to evaluate the ongoing practice of acetaminophen dosing."	( A Retrospective Review of Hospitalized Patients Receiving a Higher than Maximum Dose of Acetaminophen. Clark, AT; Clark, RF; Derry, K; Miller, M; Minns, AB; Stevens, C, 2023)	1.38
"152 cases of dosing more than 4 grams were initially identified."	( A Retrospective Review of Hospitalized Patients Receiving a Higher than Maximum Dose of Acetaminophen. Clark, AT; Clark, RF; Derry, K; Miller, M; Minns, AB; Stevens, C, 2023)	1.13
"Supratherapeutic dosing of acetaminophen in our patients did not lead to death or liver transplant."	( A Retrospective Review of Hospitalized Patients Receiving a Higher than Maximum Dose of Acetaminophen. Clark, AT; Clark, RF; Derry, K; Miller, M; Minns, AB; Stevens, C, 2023)	1.43
" Several novel approaches to the management of acetaminophen overdose have been suggested to improve patient safety by reducing adverse drug reactions and dosing errors."	( A review of alternative intravenous acetylcysteine regimens for acetaminophen overdose. Burnham, K; Knight, S; Smith, H; Yang, T, 2021)	1.12
" Many of these dosing regimens have supporting safety data but most lack robust data."	( A review of alternative intravenous acetylcysteine regimens for acetaminophen overdose. Burnham, K; Knight, S; Smith, H; Yang, T, 2021)	0.86
" The suggested method was applied for the estimation of the proposed drugs in their dosage form."	( Quantitative Determination of Anti-Migraine Quaternary Mixture in Presence of p-Aminophenol and 4-Chloroacetanilide. Abdelhamid, NS; Anwar, BH; Farid, NF; Magdy, MA; Naguib, IA, 2022)	0.72
" Acetaminophen plasma levels were measured at 2 timepoints to evaluate safety and determine plasma levels attained by each dosing regimen."	( Comparison of Oral Loading Dose to Intravenous Acetaminophen in Children for Analgesia After Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Aizenberg, DA; Applegate, RL; Funamura, JL; Hall, B; Kriss, RS; Lammers, CR; Nittur, V; Schwinghammer, AJ; Senders, CW, 2021)	1.79
" The primary outcome was opioid dosage within the first ten postoperative days."	( An assessment of dexmedetomidine as an opioid-sparing agent after neonatal open thoracic and abdominal operations. Gollin, G; Oviedo, P; Rooney, AS; Sykes, AG, 2022)	0.72
" Opioid was dosed >0."	( An assessment of dexmedetomidine as an opioid-sparing agent after neonatal open thoracic and abdominal operations. Gollin, G; Oviedo, P; Rooney, AS; Sykes, AG, 2022)	0.72
" IV acetaminophen dosed at 40 mg/kg/day or greater may yield the most substantial opioid-sparing effect."	( An assessment of dexmedetomidine as an opioid-sparing agent after neonatal open thoracic and abdominal operations. Gollin, G; Oviedo, P; Rooney, AS; Sykes, AG, 2022)	1.28
" Our results suggest that the dosage used in this study (i."	( Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) and Ductus Arteriosus Closure After Premature Birth. Aikio, O; Bouazza, N; Foissac, F; Hallman, M; Roze, JC; Treluyer, JM; Urien, S, 2021)	0.88
" However, current pharmaceutical manufacturing is not suitable for personalized dosage forms."	( 3D Printing and Dissolution Testing of Novel Capsule Shells for Use in Delivering Acetaminophen. Deng, J; Dromgoole, G; Gaurkhede, SG; Osipitan, OO; Pasqua, AJD; Spencer, SA, 2021)	0.85
" Orodispersible tablets are oral solid dosage forms which rapidly disintegrate after contact with saliva, leaving a liquid dispersion, which can be easily swallowed."	( Evaluation of two novel co-processed excipients for direct compression of orodispersible tablets and mini-tablets. Breitkreutz, J; Kokott, M; Lura, A; Wiedey, R, 2021)	0.62
" To investigate differences in APAP metabolism in specific patient populations and to optimize dosing regimens, quantification of metabolites from the different metabolic pathways is needed to perform pharmacokinetic (PK) studies."	( Determination of paracetamol and its metabolites via LC-MS/MS in dried blood volumetric absorptive microsamples: A tool for pharmacokinetic studies. Baerdemaeker, L; Delahaye, L; Stove, CP, 2021)	0.62
" It is metabolised by the liver and appropriate administration and dosage is in question in in patients undergoing hepatectomy."	( The efficacy and safety of acetaminophen use following liver resection: a systematic review. Koea, J; Murphy, V; Srinivasa, S, 2022)	1.02
"Use of acetaminophen for adult patients undergoing liver resection surgery as post-operative analgesia at a standard dosage is safe for baseline analgesia."	( The efficacy and safety of acetaminophen use following liver resection: a systematic review. Koea, J; Murphy, V; Srinivasa, S, 2022)	1.47
" Hence, the goal of this pilot study was to test the effects of regularly scheduled APAP dosing in a well-defined compensated cirrhosis group compared to control subjects without cirrhosis, using the abovementioned outcomes."	( Short-Term Safety of Repeated Acetaminophen Use in Patients With Compensated Cirrhosis. Dranoff, JA; Fleming, DP; James, LP; Kennon-McGill, S; Mathews, SE; McCullough, SS; McGill, MR; Moran, JH; Peterson, EC; Spencer, HJ; Tripod, ME; Vazquez, JH, 2022)	1.01
" There was no evidence of a dose-response for duration of use of paracetamol (linear trend p = 0."	( Analgesic use and the risk of renal cell carcinoma - Findings from the Consortium for the Investigation of Renal Malignancies (CONFIRM) study. Aitken, T; Bassett, JK; Bruinsma, FJ; Carroll, R; Davis, ID; Dudding-Byth, T; English, DR; Giles, GG; Jefford, M; Jenkins, M; Jordan, S; MacInnis, RJ; Milne, RL; Severi, G; Tucker, K; Walsh, J; Winship, I, 2021)	0.62
" Analysis of lower paracetamol dosing (3."	( Efflux transporters in rat placenta and developing brain: transcriptomic and functional response to paracetamol. Banati, RB; Chiou, SY; Dziegielewska, KM; Habgood, MD; Huang, Y; Koehn, LM; Nie, S; Saunders, NR, 2021)	0.62
" The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of ACT and ASC in their combined dosage form."	( Cost-effective and earth-friendly chemometrics-assisted spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of Acetaminophen and Ascorbic Acid in pharmaceutical formulation. Dalia, F; Hadef, Y; Lalaouna, AED; Nekkaa, A; Titel, F, 2022)	0.93
" Paracetamol has a very flat analgesic dose-response profile."	( Analgesic effect of oral ibuprofen 400, 600, and 800 mg; paracetamol 500 and 1000 mg; and paracetamol 1000 mg plus 60 mg codeine in acute postoperative pain: a single-dose, randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind study. Lyngstad, G; Skjelbred, P; Skoglund, LA; Swanson, DM, 2021)	0.62
" Until the findings are confirmed in clinical drug interaction studies, APAP dosage should not exceed 3 g per day in dasabuvir-treated patients to avoid potentially hepatotoxic APAP exposures."	( Mechanism of dasabuvir inhibition of acetaminophen glucuronidation. Duan, SX; Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Singleton, CA; Wei, Z; Zhang, Q, 2022)	0.99
" After culture, embryo morphological and developmental parameters were documented using standardized scoring systems at each dosage concentration."	( Assessment of embryo morphology following perinatal exposure to aspirin, ibuprofen and paracetamol using whole embryo culture system. Leung, BW; Leung, TY; Moungmaithong, S; Poon, LC; Sahota, DS; Wang, CC, 2022)	0.72
"Efficacy and rapid onset of postsurgical oral pain relief are critical to improve clinical outcomes and reduce the risk of excessive dosing with analgesic drugs."	( COMPARATIVE ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF SINGLE-DOSE PREOPERATIVE ADMINISTRATION OF PARACETAMOL (ACETAMINOPHEN) 500 mg PLUS CODEINE 30 mg AND IBUPROFEN 400 mg ON PAIN AFTER THIRD MOLAR SURGERY. Annibali, S; Cristalli, MP; La Monaca, G; Polimeni, A; Pompa, G; Pranno, N; Vozza, I, 2021)	0.84
" Clinical trial evidence supporting shorter NAC dosing now allows the possibility for intensifying treatment without the risk of very high rates of ADRs."	( Large paracetamol overdose-Higher dose acetylcysteine is required. Bateman, DN, 2023)	0.91
" The standard oral or intravenous dosing regimen of NAC is highly effective for patients with moderate overdoses who present within 8 h of APAP ingestion."	( Comparing N-acetylcysteine and 4-methylpyrazole as antidotes for acetaminophen overdose. Akakpo, JY; Curry, SC; Jaeschke, H; Ramachandran, A; Rumack, BH, 2022)	0.96
"A combination of paracetamol, pseudoephedrine, chlorpheniramine, and sodium benzoate in (Cold-Flu) 1,2,3 Syrup dosage form is specified for the treatment of common cold and flu symptoms."	( Stability-Indicating New RP-UPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of a Quaternary Mixture of Paracetamol, Pseudoephedrine, Chlorpheniramine, and Sodium Benzoate in (Cold-Flu) Syrup Dosage Form. Mohamed, MA, 2022)	0.72
"The functional role of this study is to develop a novel, reliable, and selective stability-indicating reversed-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography (RP-UPLC) method for simultaneous identification of a quaternary mixture of paracetamol, pseudoephedrine, chlorpheniramine, and sodium benzoate in (Cold-Flu) 1,2,3 Syrup dosage form."	( Stability-Indicating New RP-UPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of a Quaternary Mixture of Paracetamol, Pseudoephedrine, Chlorpheniramine, and Sodium Benzoate in (Cold-Flu) Syrup Dosage Form. Mohamed, MA, 2022)	0.72
"The proposed stability-indicating UPLC method for simultaneous determination of the three drugs, paracetamol, pseudoephedrine, and chlorpheniramine, with a preservative sodium benzoate in (Cold-Flu) 1,2,3 Syrup dosage form is successfully accomplished, developed, and validated, and can be easily used in the analysis of drugs in pure or dosage form."	( Stability-Indicating New RP-UPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of a Quaternary Mixture of Paracetamol, Pseudoephedrine, Chlorpheniramine, and Sodium Benzoate in (Cold-Flu) Syrup Dosage Form. Mohamed, MA, 2022)	0.72
"The novelty of the current research work lies in the development of the UPLC method for simultaneous determination of a quaternary mixture of paracetamol, pseudoephedrine, chlorpheniramine, and sodium benzoate in (Cold-Flu) 1,2,3 Syrup dosage form."	( Stability-Indicating New RP-UPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of a Quaternary Mixture of Paracetamol, Pseudoephedrine, Chlorpheniramine, and Sodium Benzoate in (Cold-Flu) Syrup Dosage Form. Mohamed, MA, 2022)	0.72
"To identify the 10 drugs most frequently administered to children in liquid dosage forms which are eligible for replacement with suitable authorized solid dosage forms and to assess the expected economic impact of this substitution."	( Replacing liquid with solid dosage forms in pediatric practice: Feasibility and economic impact from a hospital-based study. Arab, R; Cornu, C; Dagonneau, T; Gomes, E; Kassai, B; Kilo, R, )	0.13
" Ten drugs were selected according to their frequency of administration in liquid dosage forms, the availability of solid form alternatives, and the suitability of these alternatives for the children receiving the corresponding liquid forms."	( Replacing liquid with solid dosage forms in pediatric practice: Feasibility and economic impact from a hospital-based study. Arab, R; Cornu, C; Dagonneau, T; Gomes, E; Kassai, B; Kilo, R, )	0.13
" Thirty-four point six of the administrations of these drugs in liquid dosage forms could be delivered using suitable solid dosage forms without additional cost."	( Replacing liquid with solid dosage forms in pediatric practice: Feasibility and economic impact from a hospital-based study. Arab, R; Cornu, C; Dagonneau, T; Gomes, E; Kassai, B; Kilo, R, )	0.13
"Opportunities exist for substituting liquid dosage forms with market-available solid dosage forms suitable in size and dosage for the pediatric population."	( Replacing liquid with solid dosage forms in pediatric practice: Feasibility and economic impact from a hospital-based study. Arab, R; Cornu, C; Dagonneau, T; Gomes, E; Kassai, B; Kilo, R, )	0.13
" We, therefore, studied the effects of regular acetaminophen dosing on BP in individuals with hypertension."	( Regular Acetaminophen Use and Blood Pressure in People With Hypertension: The PATH-BP Trial. Dear, JW; Farrah, TE; Graham, C; MacIntyre, IM; Turtle, EJ; Webb, DJ, 2022)	1.41
" Despite the frequent use of paracetamol, concerns have been raised regarding the high variability in neonatal dosing regimens and the long-term safety of early life exposure."	( Long-Term Safety of Prenatal and Neonatal Exposure to Paracetamol: A Systematic Review. Patel, R; Samiee-Zafarghandy, S; Sushko, K; van den Anker, J, 2022)	0.72
" APAP dosed rats showed remarkable elevation in hepatic biomarkers viz."	( Ameliorative effect of Spatoglossum asperum and its solvent fractions against acetaminophen-induced liver dysfunction in rats. Ara, J; Azam, M; Ehteshamul-Haque, S; Khan, H; Qureshi, SA; Tariq, A, 2022)	0.95
" Animals were sacrificed at 5, 10 and 24 hours post-APAP dosing (hpd)."	( Prophylactic effect of edible bird's nest on acetaminophen-induced liver injury response in mice model. Ain-Fatin, R; Muhammad-Azam, F; Noordin, MM; Nur-Fazila, SH; Yasmin, AR; Yimer, N, 2022)	0.98
" Rather, dosing for adults who are older and/or have decompensated cirrhosis, advanced kidney failure, or analgesic-induced asthma that is known to be cross-sensitive to paracetamol, should be individualized in consultation with their physician, who may recommend a lower effective dose appropriate to the circumstances."	( Why paracetamol (acetaminophen) is a suitable first choice for treating mild to moderate acute pain in adults with liver, kidney or cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disorders, asthma, or who are older. Alchin, J; Christo, PJ; Dhar, A; Siddiqui, K, 2022)	1.06
" The results showed that in the 3-hour period there was an increase in creatinine dosage and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) compared to the control group."	( Temporal analysis of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Coelho, AM; Costa, DC; Lima, WG; Oliveira de Souza, M; Perucci, LO; Queiroz, IF; Talvani, A, 2023)	0.91
" Other advancements include individualized acetylcysteine dosing regimens for acetaminophen toxicity and carnitine supplementation in valproic acid toxicity."	( The Roles of Antidotes in Emergency Situations. Dart, RC; Kaiser, SK, 2022)	0.95
"To describe paracetamol dosing and liver function test (LFT) monitoring in older hospital inpatients who are frail or have low body weight."	( Paracetamol dosing in hospital and on discharge for older people who are frail or have low body weight. Elliott, RA; Lalic, S; Ngo, J; Reid, O; Su, E, 2022)	0.72
" The optimal dosing of ibuprofen is unclear, but a single dose of ibuprofen 1600 mg was shown to be effective, and it was less certain whether 800 mg was effective."	( Pain management for medical abortion before 14 weeks' gestation. Cameron, S; Morroni, C; Reynolds-Wright, JJ; Woldetsadik, MA, 2022)	0.72
" In critically ill children, we sought to evaluate drug-associated hepatic injury following enteral acetaminophen error, defined as acetaminophen dosing that exceeds daily maximum recommendations."	( Liver enzymes after short-term acetaminophen error in critically ill children: a cohort study. Parshuram, C; Pullenayegum, E; Rochon, P; Roumeliotis, N; Taddio, A, 2022)	1.22
"• Acetaminophen dosing errors are common in pediatric outpatients."	( Liver enzymes after short-term acetaminophen error in critically ill children: a cohort study. Parshuram, C; Pullenayegum, E; Rochon, P; Roumeliotis, N; Taddio, A, 2022)	1.73
" Adult evidence demonstrates that alternative dosing regimens decrease NAARs and medication errors (MEs)."	( Comparison of Two-Bag Versus Three-Bag N-Acetylcysteine Regimens for Pediatric Acetaminophen Toxicity. Camarena-Michel, A; Hoyte, C; Leonard, J; Pennington, S; Sudanagunta, S; Wang, GS, 2023)	1.14
"Acetaminophen is a popular, universally used, over-the-counter pain medication contained in more than 600 different products and available in a plethora of dosage forms."	( Acetaminophen: Is Too Much of a Good Thing Too Much? Donaldson, M; Goodchild, JH, 2022)	3.61
" Gabapentenoid dosing varied among studies."	( Gabapentinoids and Acetaminophen as Adjuvants for Managing Postoperative Pain. Gill, C; Giuliano, K, 2022)	1.05
" The developed method was successfully applied to determine tramadol and paracetamol in various dosage forms and in urine biological samples."	( Capillary zone electrophoresis in combination with UV detection for simultaneous determination of tramadol and paracetamol in pharmaceutical and biological samples. Čižmárová, I; Horniaková, A; Matušková, M; Mikuš, P; Piešťanský, J; Štefánik, O, 2022)	0.72
"The presentation of 3D printing in drug innovation especially focuses on the advancement of patient-centered dosage forms based on the structural design."	( A Recent Review On 3D-Printing: Scope and Challenges with Special Focus on Pharmaceutical Field. Doolaanea, AA; Kumar, M; Mandal, UK; Singh, S, 2022)	0.72
" An electronic order set provided weight-based dosing and defaulted to non-opioid prescriptions (acetaminophen and ibuprofen)."	( Sustaining standardized opioid prescribing practices after pediatric tonsillectomy. Alfonso, K; Brown, C; Cordray, H; Evans, S; Goudy, S; Govil, N; Landry, AM; Prickett, KK; Raol, N; Smith, K, 2022)	0.94
" Distinct from known genetic, physiologic, and dosage associations dictating severity of hepatic injury, no known factors predict an absence of protein adduct formation at therapeutic APAP dosing."	( Metabolomic Evaluation of N-Acetyl-p-Benzoquinone Imine Protein Adduct Formation with Therapeutic Acetaminophen Administration: Sex-based Physiologic Differences. Arnold, CG; D'Alessandro, A; Dart, R; Dylla, L; Heard, K; Heard, S; Monte, AA; Reynolds, K; Rumack, B; Sonn, B, 2022)	0.94
"This retrospective study interrogated serum samples collected for a prior study investigating fluctuations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) over time with 4G daily APAP dosing for ≥ 16 days in subjects from Denver, Colorado."	( Metabolomic Evaluation of N-Acetyl-p-Benzoquinone Imine Protein Adduct Formation with Therapeutic Acetaminophen Administration: Sex-based Physiologic Differences. Arnold, CG; D'Alessandro, A; Dart, R; Dylla, L; Heard, K; Heard, S; Monte, AA; Reynolds, K; Rumack, B; Sonn, B, 2022)	0.94
" These should be used in reduced doses, avoiding tizanidine with liver disease and reducing baclofen dosing with kidney disease."	( Pharmacotherapy for Spine-Related Pain in Older Adults. Fu, JL; Perloff, MD, 2022)	0.72
"A range of 3D printing methods have been investigated intensively in the literature for manufacturing personalised solid dosage forms, with infill density commonly used to control release rates."	( An investigation into the effects of geometric scaling and pore structure on drug dose and release of 3D printed solid dosage forms. Belton, P; McDonagh, T; Qi, S, 2022)	0.72
"Liquid medication dosing errors are common in pediatrics."	( Improving Caregiver Understanding of Liquid Acetaminophen Administration at Primary Care Visits. Abramson, EA; Cullen, SM; Kyvelos, E; Osorio, SN, 2022)	0.98
" Knowledge of accurate dosage improved from 50."	( Improving Caregiver Understanding of Liquid Acetaminophen Administration at Primary Care Visits. Abramson, EA; Cullen, SM; Kyvelos, E; Osorio, SN, 2022)	0.98
"The developed methods are successfully applied for concurrent quantification of the studied components in the marketed dosage form without interference from matrix excipients."	( Novel Spectrophotometric Approaches for the Simultaneous Quantification of Ternary Common Cold Mixture Containing Paracetamol with a Challenging Formulation Ratio: Greenness Profile Evaluation. Fayez, YM; Monir, HH; Mostafa, NM; Rostom, Y; Soliman, RM, 2022)	0.72
"Successful drug therapy in children is contingent upon hassle-free administration of pediatric dosage forms."	( Process Modelling, Scale-Up and Characterization of Acetaminophen Spray Dried Milk Powder as Novel Pediatric Dosage Form. Butani, S; Chaudhari, K; Savjani, J; Shah, HS; Syamala, U, 2022)	0.97
"In very preterm infants on significant respiratory support, low dose-short course intravenous paracetamol treatment was non-inferior to a conventional dosing regime of paracetamol for closure of hsPDA in the first week of postnatal age."	( Low dose paracetamol for management of patent ductus arteriosus in very preterm infants: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Balasubramanian, H; Bhalgat, P; Jain, V; Kabra, N; Mohan, D; Parikh, S; Sheth, K, 2023)	0.91
" Most importantly, the dose-response effects and time course of APAP accumulation and metabolism agree well with those of the liver injury development."	( Metabolic Competency of Larval Zebrafish in Drug-Induced Liver Injury: A Case Study of Acetaminophen Poisoning. Chen, Y; Ge, W; Song, W; Yan, R, 2022)	0.94
"Binder jetting (BJ) 3D printing is especially suitable for the fabrication of an orodispersible solid dosage form, as it is an efficient way to avoid the use of mechanical forces typical for compaction-based processes."	( Coating of Primary Powder Particles Improves the Quality of Binder Jetting 3D Printed Oral Solid Products. Genina, N; Müllertz, A; Rantanen, J; Wang, Y, 2023)	0.91
" Genetic variation associated with acetaminophen-induced alanine aminotransferase elevation during therapeutic dosing has not been examined."	( Genetic variants associated with ALT elevation from therapeutic acetaminophen. Arriaga Mackenzie, I; Dart, RC; Heard, KJ; Kaiser, S; Monte, AA; Pattee, J; Reynolds, KM; Rumack, B; Willems, E, 2022)	1.24
" In mice, acute liver injury induced by orally dosing APAP (500 mg/kg) was severely exacerbated by Gpbar1 gene ablation and attenuated by anti-Cysltr1 small interfering RNA pretreatment."	( Combinatorial targeting of G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 reveals a mechanistic role for bile acids and leukotrienes in drug-induced liver injury. Bellini, R; Biagioli, M; Bordoni, M; Cassiano, C; Catalanotti, B; di Giorgio, C; Distrutti, E; Fiorillo, B; Fiorucci, S; Marchianò, S; Monti, MC; Roselli, R; Sepe, V; Zampella, A, 2023)	0.91
"Once a baseline incidence is known, predictors for serious ORADEs in surgical inpatients are useful in guiding medical-surgical nurses' opioid safety practices, with more frequent focused respiratory assessments before opioid dosing and closer monitoring when opioids are prescribed postoperatively, especially in higher-risk surgical inpatients."	( Incidence of and predictors for serious opioid-related adverse drug events. Atem, FD; Denke, L; Khazzam, M, 2022)	0.72
" For 137 sessions, in 36 patients the total daily dosage of UV-absorbing drugs was less than 500 mg, and for 6 sessions 3 patients received additional UV-absorbing drugs."	( Treatment with Paracetamol Can Interfere with the Intradialytic Optical Estimation in Spent Dialysate of Uric Acid but Not of Indoxyl Sulfate. Adoberg, A; Arund, J; Dhondt, A; Fridolin, I; Glorieux, G; Holmar, J; Lauri, K; Leis, L; Luman, M; Paats, J; Pilt, K; Tanner, R; Uhlin, F, 2022)	0.72
" This diagnosis was confirmed by an organic acid dosage in the urine."	( [A case of pyroglutamic metabolic acidosis after cotreatment by flucloxacillin and paracetamol]. Desgranges, A; Hu, K; Monney Chaubert, C, 2022)	0.72
" Although factors such as route of administration or dosage may explain some heterogeneity, more work is needed to identify which subgroups will have a more favorable benefit-risk balance for one analgesic over another."	( Effectiveness of Opioid Analgesic Medicines Prescribed in or at Discharge From Emergency Departments for Musculoskeletal Pain : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Abdel Shaheed, C; Dinh, M; Harris, IA; Jamshidi, M; Jones, CMP; Lin, CC; Maher, CG; Mathieson, S; Patanwala, AE, 2022)	0.72
"The fixed dose combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol provides faster and long-term anaesthesia with a comparatively lower dosage of each analgesic."	( [Clinical and pharmacological approaches to the choice of a drug for a tension-type headache relief]. Khaytovich, ED; Perkov, AV; Shikh, EV, 2021)	0.62
"Although N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) has long been used for the treatment of acetaminophen poisoning/overdose, the optimal NAC dosing regimen for varying patterns or severity of the poisoning/overdose is still unknown."	( Acetaminophen toxicity and overdose: current understanding and future directions for NAC dosing regimens. Janković, SM, 2022)	2.4
" Physical exam parameters were recorded prior to, during, and after the dosing period."	( Ocular penetration of oral acetaminophen in horses. Hector, RC; Knych, HK; Lee, S; Peraza, J; Terhaar, HM; Wotman, KL, 2023)	1.21
"The additive nature and versatility of 3D printing show great promise in the rapid prototyping of solid dosage forms for clinical trials and mass customization for personalized medicine applications."	( Pilot-scale binder jet 3D printing of sustained release solid dosage forms. Chang, SY; Chaudhuri, B; Dharani, D; Dong, X; Ma, AWK; Maiorana, C; Nagapudi, K; Tan, M, 2023)	0.91
"Analytical techniques must be sensitive, specific, and accurate to assess the active pharmaceutical ingredients in pharmaceutical dosage forms."	( An effective and stability-indicating method development and optimization utilizing the Box-Behnken design for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, caffeine, and aspirin in tablet formulation. Ettaboina, SK; Gundla, R; Katari, NK; Muchakayala, SK; Satheesh, B; Yenda, P, 2023)	1.11
" The advantages of the proposed method qualify it for routine analysis of the studied drugs either in single or co-formulated dosage form in quality control labs."	( A quality-by-design eco-friendly UV-HPLC method for the determination of four drugs used to treat symptoms of common cold and COVID-19. Abdallah, NA; El-Brashy, AM; Fathy, ME; Ibrahim, FA; Tolba, MM, 2023)	0.91
" Statistically significant changes were found by comparing bile acid profiles between dosing levels."	( Semi-Targeted Profiling of Bile Acids by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry in a Rat Model of Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Mireault, M; Ohlund, L; Prinville, V; Sleno, L, 2023)	0.91
" The majority reported a frequency of use of 1-3 times a week (n = 197), with oral dosing being the most common route of administration (n = 440)."	( Current perceptions and use of paracetamol in dogs among veterinary surgeons working in the United Kingdom. Bello, AM; Dye, C, 2023)	0.91
"The FDA mandate limiting acetaminophen dosage to 325 mg/tablet in prescription acetaminophen and opioid products was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the yearly rate of hospitalizations and proportion per year of ALF cases involving acetaminophen and opioid toxicity."	( Association of FDA Mandate Limiting Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) in Prescription Combination Opioid Products and Subsequent Hospitalizations and Acute Liver Failure. Fontana, RJ; Karvellas, CJ; Lee, WM; Lewis, CE; Locke, JE; MacLennan, PA; McGuire, BM; McLeod, MC; Orandi, BJ; Terrault, NM, 2023)	1.49
" Globally, the pharmacologic treatment of pain in pediatric patients is limited largely to nonopioid analgesics, and dosing must account for differences in age, weight, metabolism, and risk of adverse effects."	( Common Selfcare Indications of Pain Medications in Children. Bell, J; Kachroo, P; Mossali, VM; Siddiqui, K; Zempsky, W, 2023)	0.91
"For solid oral dosage forms drug solubility in intestinal fluid is an important parameter influencing product performance and bioavailability."	( Fed intestinal solubility limits and distributions applied to the Developability classification system. Halbert, GW; Khadra, I; Pyper, K; Silva, MI, 2023)	0.91
" Several studies report that long-term exposure to paracetamol in utero is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in children, indicating a dose-response effect."	( Paracetamol use in pregnancy: Not as safe as we may think? Krogsrud, SK; Nilsen, K; Staff, AC, 2023)	0.91
"Monitoring the acetaminophen dosage is important to prevent the occurrence of adverse reactions such as liver failure and kidney damage."	( Wearable Plasmonic Sweat Biosensor for Acetaminophen Drug Monitoring. Luo, Y; Wang, J; Xiao, J; Xu, T; Zhang, X, 2023)	1.53
" The suitability of the beagle as a preclinical model to understand pediatric drug product performance under different dosing conditions deserves further evaluation with a broader spectrum of drugs and drug products and comparisons with pediatric in vivo data."	( Usefulness of the Beagle Model in the Evaluation of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen Exposure after Oral Administration to Pediatric Populations: An Exploratory Study. Fotaki, N; Holm, R; Reppas, C; Statelova, M; Vertzoni, M, 2023)	0.91
"To evaluate age-banded dosing in paediatric inpatients by determining the proportion of patients whose dose would fall outside the therapeutic range (by weight)."	( Evaluation of age-banded dosing of oral paracetamol in hospitalised children: a retrospective analysis using clinical data in a tertiary paediatric hospital. Arnold, P; Craske, J; Gill, A; Jenson, J; Wright, K, 2023)	0.91
" Dosage which would be given according to age-banded dosing was then compared with their weight."	( Evaluation of age-banded dosing of oral paracetamol in hospitalised children: a retrospective analysis using clinical data in a tertiary paediatric hospital. Arnold, P; Craske, J; Gill, A; Jenson, J; Wright, K, 2023)	0.91
" Secondary outcomes were to examine this in children of different ages and to examine the impact of alternative size-based dosing strategies."	( Evaluation of age-banded dosing of oral paracetamol in hospitalised children: a retrospective analysis using clinical data in a tertiary paediatric hospital. Arnold, P; Craske, J; Gill, A; Jenson, J; Wright, K, 2023)	0.91
" If age-banded dosing had been used, a subtherapeutic dose (less than 10 mg/kg) would be given during 19 829 (20%) of the admissions and a supratherapeutic dose (over 18."	( Evaluation of age-banded dosing of oral paracetamol in hospitalised children: a retrospective analysis using clinical data in a tertiary paediatric hospital. Arnold, P; Craske, J; Gill, A; Jenson, J; Wright, K, 2023)	0.91
"Age-banded dosing is not suitable for an inpatient paediatric population as approximately a quarter of patients receive a dose outside the recommended range of 10."	( Evaluation of age-banded dosing of oral paracetamol in hospitalised children: a retrospective analysis using clinical data in a tertiary paediatric hospital. Arnold, P; Craske, J; Gill, A; Jenson, J; Wright, K, 2023)	0.91
"3D printing offers new opportunities to customize oral dosage forms of pharmaceuticals for different patient populations, improving patient safety, care, and compliance."	( 3D screen printing technology enables fabrication of oral drug dosage forms with freely tailorable release profiles. Enke, M; Fischer, D; Gruschwitz, F; Hanf, F; Jescheck, L; Schneeberger, A; Schwarz, N; Seyferth, S; Winkler, D, 2023)	0.91
" As a result, dosing based on bodyweight alone will not lead to consistent paracetamol concentrations among preterm neonates."	( Maturation of Paracetamol Elimination Routes in Preterm Neonates Born Below 32 Weeks of Gestation. Flint, RB; Knibbe, CAJ; Krekels, EHJ; Roofthooft, DWE; Simons, SHP; Tibboel, D; Völler, S; Wu, Y, 2023)	0.91
" Furthermore, APOE ε4 dosage and genetic risk scores (GRS) of Alzheimer's disease calculated by 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms did not significantly modify the relationship of regular use of paracetamol and ibuprofen with new-onset all-cause dementia (Both P-interactions >0."	( Association of regular use of ibuprofen and paracetamol, genetic susceptibility, and new-onset dementia in the older population. He, P; Liu, M; Qin, X; Wu, Q; Yang, S; Ye, Z; Zhang, Y; Zhou, C, )	0.13
"2%) was the most common; the dosage was age-dependent in 65."	( [Evaluation of self-medication practices and their characteristics among Uvira in Democratic Republic of Congo students]. Akiba, DB; Chirubagula, VB; Kanyegere, AM; Mboni, HM; Mushobekwa, SS; Rugema, BB; Rusati, NM; Shakalenga, CM; Tshikongo, AK, 2023)	0.91
"The aim of this study is to assess the current situation in out of hospital pain management in Germany regarding the substances, indications, dosage and the delegation of the use of analgesics to emergency medical service (EMS) staff."	( Application of analgesics in emergency services in Germany: a survey of the medical directors. Scharonow, M; Scharonow, O; Vilcane, S; Weilbach, C, 2023)	0.91
" Based on clinical dosing characteristics, fetal mouse femurs were obtained for detection after oral gavage of acetaminophen at different doses (0, 100 or 400 mg/kg d), courses (single or multiple times) or stages (mid- or late pregnancy) during pregnancy in Kunming mice."	( Course-, dose-, and stage-dependent toxic effects of prenatal acetaminophen exposure on fetal long bone development. Chen, L; Gu, H; Guo, Y; Li, B; Li, X; Ma, C; Wang, H; Wen, Y; Xiao, H, 2023)	1.36
" Appropriate dosing will be determined based on the participant's gestational age."	( Intravenous acetaminophen for postoperative pain in the neonatal intensive care unit: A protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial (IVA POP). Archer, VA; Braga, LH; Briatico, D; Farrokyhar, F; Samiee-Zafarghandy, S; Walton, JM, 2023)	1.29
"A tablet is a compact dosage form that includes both the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and various excipients, where a binder acts as an excipient, imparting cohesive quality in the powdered material."	( Exploring the potential of natural polymers from plants as tablet binder and accessing their release profiles: A comparative analysis. Arshad, L; Manzar, R; Massey, S; Waqar, I, 2023)	0.91