trehalose profile

Trehalose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked by an α,α-1,1-glycosidic bond. It is naturally found in a variety of organisms, including fungi, bacteria, insects, and plants. Trehalose is synthesized from glucose by the enzyme trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS). It has been shown to protect cells from dehydration, heat stress, and freezing. It has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Trehalose is currently being investigated for its potential therapeutic applications, such as in the treatment of diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Trehalose is studied because of its unique properties, which have been shown to protect cells from stress and damage. It is also being investigated as a potential therapeutic agent for a variety of diseases.'

alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	7427
CHEMBL ID	1236395
CHEBI ID	16551
CHEBI ID	140775
SCHEMBL ID	8739
MeSH ID	M0021860

Synonym
cabaletta
CHEMBL1236395
mushroom sugar
.alpha.,.alpha.-trehalose
natural trehalose
mycose
nsc-2093
trehalose, dihydrate
ergot sugar
alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside
alpha-d-glcp-(1<->1)-alpha-d-glcp
CHEBI:16551 ,
alpha-trehalose
alpha-d-trehalose
SMP1_000299
d(+)trehalose
alpha-d-glucopyranoside, alpha-d-glucopyranosyl
treha
alpha,alpha'-d-trehalose
alpha-d-glucopyranoside, a-d-glucopyranosyl (9ci)
trehalose (8ci)
tre ,
trehaose
d-trehalose
C01083
alpha,alpha'-trehalose
99-20-7
d-(+)-trehalose
alpha-d-glcp-(1↔1)-alpha-d-glcp
alpha-d-glucopyranosyl alpha-d-glucopyranoside
trehalose ,
alpha,alpha-trehalose
1-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside
2B1Q
trehalose, alpha,alpha'-
695EE371-8DF9-4915-942E-8B5EA4C7CF09
(2r,3s,4s,5r,6r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
BMSE000125
T0832
T0331
CHEBI:140775
1-[(1->4)-alpha-d-glucosyl]n-alpha-d-glucopyranoside
NCGC00248923-01
BMSE000876
BMSE000815
S9348
AKOS016010347
unii-b8wck70t7i
nsc 2093
b8wck70t7i ,
thealoz
trehalose [inn:ban:nf]
einecs 202-739-6
trehalose p
d-(+)-trehalose anhydrous
.alpha.-d-glucopyranosyl-.alpha.-d-glucopyranoside
trehalose [inci]
trehalose [usp-rs]
trehalose [mi]
trehalose [who-dd]
trehalose [fcc]
BRD-K54028654-001-01-8
CCG-208048
d(+)-trehalose
AM83982
SCHEMBL8739
a-d-glucopyranosyl a-d-glucopyranoside
DTXSID3048102
d-(+)-trehalose, anhydrous
mfcd00006628
(2r,3s,4s,5r,6r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol
alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside.
d-trehalose-anhydrous
delta-trehalose-anhydrous
DB12310
(2r,2'r,3s,3's,4s,4's,5r,5'r,6r,6'r)-6,6'-oxybis(2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-3,4,5-triol)
HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N
Q421773
Z2417819595
AS-10470
HY-N1132
bdbm50235450
HMS3886N22
CS-0016421
glc(a1-1a)glc
A854452
F14769
trehalose (usp-rs)
alpha-d-glcp-(11)-alpha-d-glcp
EN300-7445442

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Trehalose is a natural disaccharide, which is widely distributed in many organisms."	( Improving SIRT1 by trehalose supplementation reduces oxidative stress, inflammation, and histopathological scores in the kidney of aged rats. Bahri, F; Khaksari, M; Movahedinia, S; Nazari-Robati, M; Rajizadeh, MA; Shafiei, B, 2021)	1.67
"Trehalose is an important disaccharide that plays an important role in extreme environmental conditions. "	( Cloning, expression and function analysis of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene from Marsupenaeus japonicu. Chen, T; Li, Z; Liang, C; Liu, J, 2022)	2.42
"Trehalose is a disaccharide with multiple important biological activities. "	( Trehalose inhibits proliferation while activates apoptosis and autophagy in rat airway smooth muscle cells. Hou, L; Huang, H; Li, L; Mo, B; Xiao, B; Yao, D, 2021)	3.51
"Trehalose (mycose) is a nonreducing disaccharide with a unique therapeutic potency without adverse effects, which has been found to improve glucose metabolism and homeostasis in different diabetes models."	( Investigation of the Effects of Trehalose on Glycemic Indices in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Jamialahmadi, T; Mahmoudi, A; Momtazi-Borojeni, AA; Radbakhsh, S; Sahebkar, A; Sarborji, MR; Sathyapalan, T, 2021)	1.63
"Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide formed by two glucose molecules. "	( Hepatoprotective Effect of Trehalose: Insight into Its Mechanisms of Action. Forouzanfar, F; Guest, PC; Jamialahmadi, T; Sahebkar, A, 2021)	2.36
"Trehalose is a natural disaccharide able to reduce inflammation by enhancing macrophage autophagic activity."	( The effect of trehalose administration on vascular inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease. Alimi, H; Aminzadeh, B; Ansari, MA; Bagheri, RK; Banach, M; Bioletto, F; Bo, S; Ehsani, F; Emami, F; Ganjali, S; Jamialahmadi, T; Rajabi, O; Sahebkar, A, 2022)	1.8
"Trehalose is a natural non-reductive disaccharide that protects against cardiovascular diseases by inducing autophagy."	( Trehalose induces B cell autophagy to alleviate myocardial injury via the AMPK/ULK1 signalling pathway in acute viral myocarditis induced by Coxsackie virus B3. Huang, K; Huang, Y; Kong, Q; Lu, F; Wei, B; Wu, W, 2022)	2.89
"Trehalose is an important rare sugar that protects biomolecules against environmental stress. "	( Programming an Orthogonal Self-Assembling Protein Cascade Based on Reactive Peptide-Protein Pairs for In Vitro Enzymatic Trehalose Production. Chen, X; Jiang, L; Liu, W; Zhu, L, 2022)	2.37
"Trehalose is a typical stress metabolite to form a protective membrane on cell surface which has been demonstrated to regulate lipid metabolism."	( Trehalose improves palmitic acid-induced apoptosis of osteoblasts by regulating SIRT3-medicated autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. Cao, L; Qiu, S; Qiu, X; Zhou, S, 2022)	2.89
"Trehalose is a disaccharide sugar with known pro-autophagy activity and effective in alleviating diverse inflammatory diseases."	( Sweet taste receptor agonists attenuate macrophage IL-1β expression and eosinophilic inflammation linked to autophagy deficiency in myeloid cells. Choi, GE; Choi, WS; Jang, YJ; Kim, HS; Kim, SJ; Lee, J; Park, HJ; Yi, E, 2022)	1.44
"Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked by α, α-1,1-glycosidic bond. "	( Trehalose and its applications in the food industry. Chen, A; Gibney, PA; Goddard, JM; Tapia, H, 2022)	3.61
"Trehalose is a prerequisite for the biosynthesis of mycolates which are structurally important constituents of the cell envelope in C."	( The role of trehalose biosynthesis on mycolate composition and L-glutamate production in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Hu, X; Huang, D; Huang, Y; Li, H; Tan, X; Wang, X; Xu, D; Zhao, G, 2023)	2.01
"Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide that is widely distributed in various organisms. "	( Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthetase Gene Family in Chinese Cabbage ( Chen, X; Kong, L; Li, X; Liu, J; Piao, Z; Zhan, Z; Zhang, W; Zhang, Y, 2023)	2.6
"Trehalose is a primary sugar and its distribution across the insect body, regulated by trehalose transporters (TRETs), is essential for sugar metabolism and energy homeostasis. "	( Trehalose transporter-like gene diversity and dynamics enhances stress response and recovery in Helicoverpa armigera. Barvkar, VT; Chaudhari, BY; Deshpande, SV; Joshi, RS; Kotkar, HM; Nikam, SV; Tellis, MB, 2023)	3.8
"Trehalose is a major circulatory sugar in the haemolymph of insects. "	( Regulation of trehalose metabolism in insects: from genes to the metabolite window. Joshi, RS; Kotkar, HM; Tellis, MB, 2023)	2.71
"Trehalose is a naturally occurring, non-reducing disaccharide comprising two covalently-linked glucose molecules. "	( Dietary Trehalose as a Bioactive Nutrient. Chen, A; Gibney, PA, 2023)	2.79
"Trehalose is a disaccharide and is often foliar applied by farmers aiming at increasing stress resistance or crop production. "	( Application of Trehalose Mitigates Short-Styled Flowers in Solanaceous Crops. Hirayama, T; Matsuura, T; Mori, IC; Nishimura, Y; Ooi, L; Otao, M, 2023)	2.71
"Trehalose is a disaccharide that is capable of inhibiting protein aggregation and activating cellular autophagy. "	( Biodegradable Poly(trehalose) Nanoparticle for Preventing Amyloid Beta Aggregation and Related Neurotoxicity. Dolai, J; Ghorai, BK; Jana, D; Jana, NR; Mandal, S; Sarkar, AK, 2023)	2.68
"Trehalose is a non-permeable protectant that is the key to preserve live cells in a dry state for potential storage at ambient temperatures. "	( Trehalose delivered by cold-responsive nanoparticles improves tolerance of cumulus-oocyte complexes to microwave drying. Amelkina, O; Comizzoli, P; He, X; Lee, PC; Stewart, S; Sylvester, H, 2023)	3.8
"Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide synthesized by lower organisms. "	( A neuroprotective dose of trehalose is harmless to metabolic organs: comprehensive histopathological analysis of liver, pancreas, and kidney. Garcia-Garcia, A; Gopar-Cuevas, Y; Loera-Arias, MJ; Montes de Oca-Luna, R; Morales-Carrizales, DA; Rodriguez-Rocha, H; Saucedo-Cardenas, O, 2023)	2.65
"Trehalose is a natural sugar widely found in many edible plants, animals and natural microorganisms, and recent studies have suggested that trehalose is an antioxidant, although its underlying molecular mechanism is unclear."	( Trehalose targets Nrf2 signal to alleviate d-galactose induced aging and improve behavioral ability. Li, Y; Liu, X; Pan, J; Sun, L; Xiao, Y; Zhang, J; Zhang, Z; Zhao, Q, 2020)	2.72
"Trehalose is an essential disaccharide for mycobacteria and a key constituent of several cell wall glycolipids with fundamental roles in pathogenesis. "	( Mycobacterial OtsA Structures Unveil Substrate Preference Mechanism and Allosteric Regulation by 2-Oxoglutarate and 2-Phosphoglycerate. Acebrón-García-de-Eulate, M; Blaszczyk, M; Blundell, TL; Dias, MVB; Mendes, V; Verma, N, 2019)	1.96
"Trehalose is a disaccharide that might be used in the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases. "	( Lactotrehalose, an Analog of Trehalose, Increases Energy Metabolism Without Promoting Clostridioides difficile Infection in Mice. Chintapalli, SV; Crowley, JR; DeBosch, BJ; Ferey, JL; Good, M; Heitmeier, MR; Higashiyama, T; Higgins, CB; Hruz, PW; Mihi, B; Shaikh, N; Shankar, K; Stothard, AI; Swarts, BM; Tarr, PI; Wankhade, UD; Zhang, Y, 2020)	2.51
"Lactotrehalose is a trehalase-resistant analogue that increases metabolic parameters, compared with trehalose, without increasing the abundance or virulence of C difficile strain CD027. "	( Lactotrehalose, an Analog of Trehalose, Increases Energy Metabolism Without Promoting Clostridioides difficile Infection in Mice. Chintapalli, SV; Crowley, JR; DeBosch, BJ; Ferey, JL; Good, M; Heitmeier, MR; Higashiyama, T; Higgins, CB; Hruz, PW; Mihi, B; Shaikh, N; Shankar, K; Stothard, AI; Swarts, BM; Tarr, PI; Wankhade, UD; Zhang, Y, 2020)	1.59
"Trehalose is a disaccharide that is the major sugar found in insect hemolymph fluid. "	( Validamycin A Delays Development and Prevents Flight in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Conway, MJ; Kalera, K; Marten, AD; Stothard, AI; Swarts, BM, 2020)	2
"Trehalose is a disaccharide and fasting-mimetic that has been both canonized and vilified for its putative cardiometabolic and microbial effects. "	( Microbial and metabolic impacts of trehalose and trehalose analogues. DeBosch, BJ; Zhang, Y, 2020)	2.28
"Trehalose is a natural disaccharide synthesized in various life forms, but not found in vertebrates. "	( Trehalose for Ocular Surface Health. Kaarniranta, K; Laihia, J, 2020)	3.44
"Trehalose is a disaccharide with protein-stabilizing and autophagy-enhancing properties."	( Trehalose in Machado-Joseph Disease: Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy. Elyoseph, Z; Gordon, CR; Lev, N; Zaltzman, R, 2020)	2.72
"Trehalose is a natural disaccharide with a remarkable ability to stabilize biomolecules. "	( Trehalose against Alzheimer's Disease: Insights into a Potential Therapy. Barreto, GE; Khalifeh, M; Read, MI; Sahebkar, A, 2020)	3.44
"Trehalose is a stable, non-reducing disaccharide, which was found recently to stimulate autophagy, limit the inflammatory response and suppress the growth of specific types of cancer. "	( The effect of trehalose on intracellular and extracellular nucleotide metabolism. A pilot study. Mierzejewska, P; Opielka, M; Smolenski, RT; Sobocki, B, 2020)	2.36
"Trehalose is a natural disaccharide that is widely distributed. "	( Daily consumption of one teaspoon of trehalose can help maintain glucose homeostasis: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial conducted in healthy volunteers. Arai, C; Arai, N; Endo, S; Mitsuzumi, H; Mizote, A; Ogawa, R; Ushio, S; Yoshizane, C, 2020)	2.27
"Trehalose is a disaccharide of two D-glucose molecules linked by a glycosidic linkage, which plays both structural and functional roles in bacteria. "	( Trehalose and bacterial virulence. Titball, RW; Vanaporn, M, 2020)	3.44
"Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide reported to suppress adipocyte hypertrophy in obese mice and improve glucose tolerance in humans."	( Trehalose induces SQSTM1/p62 expression and enhances lysosomal activity and antioxidative capacity in adipocytes. Arikawa, T; Deguchi, Y; Higami, Y; Higashi, K; Kobayashi, M; Mizushima, N; Okita, N; Onishi, S; Sakurai, M; Sudo, Y; Tagawa, R; Yasukawa, H, 2021)	2.79
"Trehalose is a sugar synthesised by lower organisms to withstand extreme cold and drought that has been trialled as a cryopreservative agent."	( Cryopreservation of Human Adipose Tissues and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells with DMSO and/or Trehalose: A Systematic Review. Crowley, CA; Khan, WS; Lim, SK; Seah, KTM; Smith, WPW, 2021)	1.56
"Trehalose, in contrast, is a unique disaccharide that is widely expressed by microbes."	( Inhibition of S. aureus Infection of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) by Trehalose- and Glucose-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. Aghaei, B; Ariotti, N; Ganda, S; Li, Y; Pandzic, E; Sanchez-Felix, M; Stenzel, M; Willcox, M, 2021)	1.56
"Trehalose is a non-reducing sugar formed from two glucose units. "	( Variable Effects of Autophagy Induction by Trehalose on Herpesviruses Depending on Conditions of Infection. Grose, C; Meier, JL, 2017)	2.16
"Trehalose appears to be an effective intervention to reduce age-associated liver injury and mitigate the need for activation of quality control systems that respond to disruption of proteostasis."	( Trehalose supplementation reduces hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory signaling in old mice. Estrada, AL; Hudson, WM; LaRocca, TJ; Pagliassotti, MJ; Seals, DR; Wang, D; Wei, Y; Zigler, ML, 2017)	2.62
"Trehalose is a major blood sugar in insects with a range of physiological functions, including an energy source and a cryoprotectant. "	( Identification of a hypertrehalosemic factor in Spodoptera exigua. Kim, Y; Park, Y, 2017)	2.2
"Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide that serves as the main sugar component of haemolymph in insects. "	( Adaptation to dietary conditions by trehalose metabolism in Drosophila. Nishimura, T; Yamada, T; Yasugi, T, 2017)	2.17
"Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide that has recently attracted much attention because of its ability to inhibit protein aggregation, induce autophagy, and protect against dissections and strokes. "	( Biosynthesis of Astrocytic Trehalose Regulates Neuronal Arborization in Hippocampal Neurons. Garrone, G; Gerosa, L; Krogh, V; Martano, G; Passafaro, M; Prada, I; Verderio, C, 2017)	2.19
"Trehalose is a disaccharide produced by many organisms to better enable them to survive environmental stresses, including heat, cold, desiccation, and reactive oxygen species. "	( Esterified Trehalose Analogues Protect Mammalian Cells from Heat Shock. Bisnett, BJ; Boyce, M; Bragg, JT; D'Ambrosio, HK; Fu, TS; Gorka, CA; Khan, FA; Khetan, S; Paulick, MG; Rose, JT; Rouff, AJ; Smith, TJ, 2017)	2.29
"Trehalose is a well-known protein stabilizing osmolyte. "	( Trehalose induced structural modulation of Bovine Serum Albumin at ambient temperature. Banik, SP; Basak, P; Bhattacharya, A; Bhattacharyya, M; Das, A; Kar, T; Majumder, R; Pal, D; Pattanayak, R, 2017)	3.34
"Trehalose is a compatible solute widely distributed in nature. "	( Trehalose acts as a uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose-competitive inhibitor of trehalose 6-phosphate synthase in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Inui, M; Oide, S, 2017)	3.34
"Trehalose is a well-known antiamyloidogenic molecule that inhibits protein aggregation under the intracellular/extracellular condition, and recent work shows that the nanoparticle form of trehalose can further enhance this performance. "	( Trehalose-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticle for Inhibiting Intracellular Protein Aggregation. Debnath, K; Jana, NR; Mandal, S, 2017)	3.34
"Trehalose is an mechanistic target of rapamycin-independent inducer for autophagy, which showed autophagic activation and neuroprotective effect in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases."	( Autophagic Modulation by Trehalose Reduces Accumulation of TDP-43 in a Cell Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis via TFEB Activation. Bu, LL; Chen, C; Chen, Y; Dong, Y; Guan, RY; Li, DK; Liu, FT; Song, J; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Wang, YX; Yang, YJ, 2018)	1.51
"Trehalose (TRE) is a natural, nonreducing disaccharide synthesized by lower organisms. "	( Trehalose-Induced Activation of Autophagy Improves Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction. Bianchi, F; Boppana, VS; Del Re, DP; Forte, M; Frati, G; Nagarajan, N; Rubattu, S; Sadoshima, J; Saito, T; Schirone, L; Sciarretta, S; Shirakabe, A; Tong, M; Valenti, V; Vecchione, C; Volpe, M; Yee, D; Zhai, P, 2018)	3.37
"Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide with a wide range of applications in the fields of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. "	( Improvement of Trehalose Production by Immobilized Trehalose Synthase from Chen, S; Kang, MS; Kim, TM; Li, R; Li, W; Ri, HI; Sun, J; Sun, L; Sun, X; Wang, S; Yuan, Q, 2018)	2.28
"Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide with two glucose molecules linked through an α, α-1,1-glucosidic bond. "	( Mechanism of neuroprotection by trehalose: controversy surrounding autophagy induction. Lee, HJ; Lee, SJ; Yoon, YS, 2018)	2.21
"Trehalose is a naturally occurring disaccharide, which is indicated to prevent maternal type 1 diabetes-induced neural tube defects."	( Trehalose prevents sciatic nerve damage to and apoptosis of Schwann cells of streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6J mice. Ding, Y; Li, M; Nie, Y; Pan, H; Tong, L; Yan, N, 2018)	2.64
"Trehalose is a disaccharide with a pivotal role in plant growth and development. "	( Functional identification of a rice trehalase gene involved in salt stress tolerance. Imai, R; Islam, MO; Kato, H; Matsui, H; Shima, S; Tezuka, D, 2019)	1.96
"Trehalose is a natural disaccharide that is able to induce macrophage autophagy-lysosomal biogenesis and reduce inflammation."	( Trehalose administration attenuates atherosclerosis in rabbits fed a high-fat diet. Hatamipour, M; Sahebkar, A; Tabatabaei, SA, 2019)	2.68
"Trehalose is a natural, nonreducing disaccharide that has been shown to enhance autophagy."	( Effect of Trehalose Supplementation on Autophagy and Cystogenesis in a Mouse Model of Polycystic Kidney Disease. Chang, MY; Chen, YC; Cheng, YL; Chou, LF; Hsieh, CY; Hung, CC; Lin, CY; Tian, YC; Yang, CW; Yang, HY, 2018)	1.6
"Trehalose is a natural disaccharide that has been considered as a new candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases."	( Trehalose as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Barreto, GE; Khalifeh, M; Sahebkar, A, 2019)	2.68
"Trehalose is a disaccharide with manifold industrial, commercial and biomedical uses. "	( Using trehalose to prevent and treat metabolic function: effectiveness and mechanisms. DeBosch, BJ; Zhang, Y, 2019)	2.44
"Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide, and it plays an intracellular protective role in organisms under various stress conditions. "	( Trehalose induced by reactive oxygen species relieved the radial growth defects of Pleurotus ostreatus under heat stress. Huang, C; Lei, M; Qiu, Z; Wang, L; Wu, X; Zhang, J; Zhang, R, 2019)	3.4
"Trehalose is a naturally occurring disaccharide which is not synthesized in human but is widely used in food industries."	( Molecular mechanisms of trehalose in modulating glucose homeostasis in diabetes. Sahebkar, A; Sathyapalan, T; Yaribeygi, A; Yaribeygi, H, )	1.16
"Trehalose 6-P (T6P) is a sugar signal in plants that inhibits SNF1-related protein kinase, SnRK1, thereby altering gene expression and promoting growth processes. "	( The trehalose 6-phosphate/SnRK1 signaling pathway primes growth recovery following relief of sink limitation. Delatte, TL; Fevereiro, PS; Nunes, C; O'Hara, LE; Paul, MJ; Primavesi, LF; Schluepmann, H; Silva, AB; Somsen, GW; Wingler, A, 2013)	2.39
"Trehalose is an important protectant in several microorganisms. "	( Regulation of the yeast trehalose-synthase complex by cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation. De Mesquita, JF; Eleutherio, EC; Panek, AD; Trevisol, ET, 2014)	2.15
"Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide that has wide applications in the food industry and pharmaceutical manufacturing. "	( Homology modeling and function of trehalose synthase from Pseudomonas putida P06. Li, Z; Ma, C; Su, J; Wang, R; Wang, T, 2014)	2.12
"Trehalose is a quantitatively important compatible solute and stress protectant in many organisms, including green algae and primitive plants. "	( Trehalose metabolism in plants. Delorge, I; Figueroa, CM; Lunn, JE; Stitt, M; Van Dijck, P, 2014)	3.29
"Trehalose is an essential chemical marker to control a quality of the industrial yeast strains and to assess a tolerance of the yeasts products to different physical stresses. "	( Simple assay of trehalose in industrial yeast. Gonchar, M; Górka, A; Kus-Liśkiewicz, M, 2014)	2.19
"Trehalose is a natural glucose disaccharide identified in the 19th century in fungi and insect cocoons, and later across the three domains of life. "	( The molecular biology of mycobacterial trehalose in the quest for advanced tuberculosis therapies. Alarico, S; Empadinhas, N; Maranha, A; Mendes, V; Nobre, A, 2014)	2.11
"Trehalose is a naturally occurring disaccharide present in plants and animals and appears capable of protecting cells against various environmental stresses."	( Neuroprotective effect of the chemical chaperone, trehalose in a chronic MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model. Beger, RD; Bowyer, JF; Chigurupati, S; Hanig, JP; Mann, D; Paule, MG; Raymick, J; Sarkar, S; Schmitt, T; Schmued, LC, 2014)	1.38
"Trehalose is a disaccharide which exhibits a variety of effects like anti-aggregation, autophagy enhancement in PD."	( Trehalose alleviates PC12 neuronal death mediated by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 cells via inhibiting nuclear transcription factor NF-κB and AP-1 activation. He, Q; Lin, W; Liu, FT; Tang, YL; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Xiao, BG; Zhang, Q; Zhao, J, 2014)	2.57
"Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide that is present in many organisms."	( Flies without trehalose. Matsuda, H; Nishimura, T; Yamada, T; Yoshida, M, 2015)	1.5
"Trehalose-6-phosphate is a pivotal regulator of sugar metabolism, growth, and osmotic equilibrium in bacteria, yeasts, and plants. "	( A genetically encoded Förster resonance energy transfer sensor for monitoring in vivo trehalose-6-phosphate dynamics. Ewald, JC; Parakkal, G; Peroza, EA; Skotheim, JM; Zamboni, N, 2015)	2.08
"Trehalose is a disaccharide issued by the Food and Drug Administration with a Generally Recognized As Safe status."	( Trehalose attenuates the gait ataxia and gliosis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 mice. Chen, ZZ; Hsieh-Li, HM; Hsu, HC; Huang, HJ; Lee, GC; Lee-Chen, GJ; Lin, CW; Ma, CK; Wang, CM; Wu, TL, 2015)	2.58
"Trehalose is a disaccharide of glucose used by lower organisms to survive extreme cold in nature and has been used to cryopreserve various biomacromolecules."	( Nanoparticle-mediated intracellular delivery enables cryopreservation of human adipose-derived stem cells using trehalose as the sole cryoprotectant. Dumbleton, J; He, X; Huang, H; Rao, W; Wang, H; Zhao, G; Zhao, S, 2015)	1.35
"Trehalose is a non-permeable cryoprotectant and nonreducing disaccharide known to stabilize proteins and biologic membranes."	( Trehalose in glycerol-free freezing extender enhances post-thaw survival of boar spermatozoa. Athurupana, R; Funahashi, H; Ioki, S; Takahashi, D, 2015)	2.58
"Lentztrehalose B is a di-dehydroxylated analog and lentztrehalose C is a cyclized analog of lentztrehalose A."	( Novel autophagy inducers lentztrehaloses A, B and C. Hatano, M; Hayashi, C; Igarashi, M; Kubota, Y; Nomoto, A; Ohba, S; Sawa, R; Umekita, M; Wada, S, 2015)	1.16
"Trehalose is a major circulating carbohydrate in the fly that is recognized by the gustatory receptor Gr5a."	( Adaptive Physiological Response to Perceived Scarcity as a Mechanism of Sensory Modulation of Life Span. Chan, TP; Pletcher, SD; Waterson, MJ, 2015)	1.14
"Trehalose is a highly stable, nonreducing disaccharide of glucose. "	( Characterizing the in vivo role of trehalose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the AGT1 transporter. Botstein, D; Chen, JC; Gibney, PA; Rabinowitz, JD; Schieler, A, 2015)	2.14
"Trehalose is a stable disaccharide commonly found in nature, from bacteria to fungi and plants. "	( Yeast Tolerance to Various Stresses Relies on the Trehalose-6P Synthase (Tps1) Protein, Not on Trehalose. François, JM; Parrou, JL; Petitjean, M; Teste, MA, 2015)	2.11
"Trehalose is a naturally occurring disaccharide which is associated with extraordinary stress-tolerance capacity in certain species of unicellular and multicellular organisms. "	( Engineered Trehalose Permeable to Mammalian Cells. Abazari, A; Bale, SS; Budin, G; Meimetis, LG; Toner, M; Weissleder, R, 2015)	2.25
"Trehalose acts as a stress protectant and an autophagy inducer in mammalian cells. "	( FRET sensor-based quantification of intracellular trehalose in mammalian cells. Frommer, WB; Hou, BH; Kikawada, T; Kikuta, S; Sato, R, 2016)	2.13
"Trehalose is a natural disaccharide composed of two glucose units and functions as an autophagy inducer."	( Trehalose intake induces chaperone molecules along with autophagy in a mouse model of Lewy body disease. Imaizumi, T; Itoh, K; Maruyama, A; Matsumiya, T; Miki, Y; Mimura, J; Mori, F; Tanji, K; Wakabayashi, K, 2015)	2.58
"Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide, which can protect proteins, lipid membranes, and cells from desiccation, refrigeration, dehydration, and other harsh environments. "	( Biocatalytic Production of Trehalose from Maltose by Using Whole Cells of Permeabilized Recombinant Escherichia coli. Mei, W; Ouyang, J; Sun, Y; Xu, Y; Zheng, Z, 2015)	2.16
"Trehalose is a reducing disaccharide acting as a protectant against environmental stresses in many organisms. "	( Cloning and expression of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 from Rhizopus oryzae. Hamamcı, H; Ozer Uyar, E; Yücel, M, 2016)	2.18
"Trehalose is a naturally occurring disaccharide that has gained attention for its ability to induce cellular autophagy and mitigate diseases related to pathological protein aggregation. "	( Trehalose inhibits solute carrier 2A (SLC2A) proteins to induce autophagy and prevent hepatic steatosis. Chen, Z; Chi, M; Crowley, JR; Davidson, NO; DeBosch, BJ; Finck, BN; Heitmeier, MR; Higgins, CB; Hruz, PW; Kraft, TE; Mayer, AL; Moley, KH; Newberry, EP; Yarasheski, KE, 2016)	3.32
"Trehalose is an important disaccharide that can be found in bacteria, fungi, invertebrates and plants. "	( Trehalose is required for stress resistance and virulence of the Basidiomycota plant pathogen Ustilago maydis. Bakkeren, G; Cervantes-Chávez, JA; Esquivel-Naranjo, EU; Hurtado-Santiago, E; Landeros-Jaime, F; León-Ramírez, CG; Rodríguez-Aza, Y; Ruiz-Herrera, J; Valdés-Santiago, L, 2016)	3.32
"Trehalose is a disaccharide known to possess many pharmacological properties, acting as an antioxidant, a chemical chaperone, and an inducer of autophagy."	( Trehalose rescues glial cell dysfunction in striatal cultures from HD R6/1 mice at early postnatal development. Casarejos, MJ; de Yébenes, JG; Gómez, A; Mena, MÁ; Muñoz, MP; Perucho, J, 2016)	2.6
"Trehalose is a disaccharide essential for the survival and virulence of pathogenic fungi. "	( Structures of trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase from pathogenic fungi reveal the mechanisms of substrate recognition and catalysis. Brennan, RG; Lee, RE; Liu, J; Miao, Y; Perfect, JR; Schumacher, MA; Shadrick, WR; Tenor, JL; Toffaletti, DL; Washington, EJ, 2016)	2.24
"Trehalose is a natural disaccharide that is found in a diverse range of organisms but not in mammals. "	( Trehalose, sucrose and raffinose are novel activators of autophagy in human keratinocytes through an mTOR-independent pathway. Chen, K; Chen, X; Gu, H; Huang, D; Huang, J; Ju, M; Li, L; Li, M; Xu, S, 2016)	3.32
"Trehalose is a disaccharide formed from two glucose molecules. "	( Trehalase plays a role in macrophage colonization and virulence of Burkholderia pseudomallei in insect and mammalian hosts. Butt, A; Ireland, PM; Korbsrisate, S; Kovacs-Simon, A; Pumirat, P; Sarkar-Tyson, M; Titball, RW; Vanaporn, M, 2017)	1.9
"Trehalose is a nonreducing α,α-1,1-disaccharide in a wide range of organisms, and has diverse biological functions that range from serving as an energy source to acting as a protective/signal sugar. "	( Interspecies and Intraspecies Analysis of Trehalose Contents and the Biosynthesis Pathway Gene Family Reveals Crucial Roles of Trehalose in Osmotic-Stress Tolerance in Cassava. Chen, Q; Fu, L; Han, B; He, X; Peng, M; Zhang, D; Zhang, J, 2016)	2.14
"Trehalose is an important disaccharide that is used as a cellular protectant by many different organisms, helping these organisms better survive extreme conditions, such as dehydration, oxidative stress, and freezing temperatures. "	( A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the detection and quantification of trehalose in biological samples. Bannister, AM; Kretschmer, PM; MacManus-Spencer, LA; O Brien, MK; Paulick, MG, 2016)	2.1
"Trehalose serves as a key structural component in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. "	( Structural insight into dephosphorylation by trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase (OtsB2) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Jiang, D; Liu, T; Min, H; Rao, Z; Shan, S, 2016)	2.14
"Trehalose is a natural, non-toxic sugar widely used as a protein stabilizer and cryoprotectant by the food and drug industry."	( Trehalose prevents aggregation of exosomes and cryodamage. Allard, M; Bach, JM; Bosch, S; Chrétien, D; de Beaurepaire, L; Heichette, C; Jegou, D; Mosser, M, 2016)	2.6
"Trehalose is a disaccharide demonstrated to mitigate disease burden in multiple murine neurodegenerative models. "	( SLC2A8 (GLUT8) is a mammalian trehalose transporter required for trehalose-induced autophagy. Beatty, WL; Crowley, JR; DeBosch, BJ; Heitmeier, MR; Higgins, CB; Hruz, PW; Hyrc, KL; Kraft, TE; Mayer, AL; Qian, X; Yarasheski, KE, 2016)	2.17
"Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide of glucose found in organisms, which can survive adverse conditions such as extreme drought and high temperatures. "	( Protein-matrix coupling/uncoupling in "dry" systems of photosynthetic reaction center embedded in trehalose/sucrose: the origin of trehalose peculiarity. Cordone, L; Dezi, M; Francia, F; Mallardi, A; Palazzo, G; Venturoli, G, 2008)	2.01
"Trehalose lipids are an important group of glycolipid biosurfasctants mainly produced by rhodococci. "	( Interactions of a Rhodococcus sp. biosurfactant trehalose lipid with phosphatidylethanolamine membranes. Aranda, FJ; Espuny, MJ; Manresa, A; Marqués, A; Ortiz, A; Teruel, JA, 2008)	2.04
"Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide that is found in many organisms but not in mammals. "	( Trehalose and trehalose-based polymers for environmentally benign, biocompatible and bioactive materials. Sachinvala, ND; Shibata, M; Teramoto, N, 2008)	3.23
"Trehalose is a disaccharide important in foods, serving as a glucose source in many and also as an additive in the food preparation. "	( Construction, assembling and application of a trehalase-GOD enzyme electrode system. Antonelli, ML; Arduini, F; Laganà, A; Moscone, D; Siliprandi, V, 2009)	1.8
"Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide that is present in diverse organisms ranging from bacteria and fungi to invertebrates, in which it serves as an energy source, osmolyte or protein/membrane protectant. "	( Trehalose biosynthesis in response to abiotic stresses. Imai, R; Iordachescu, M, 2008)	3.23
"Trehalose is an effective adjuvant for intramuscular administration of naked plasmid with respect to both enhanced levels and prolonged duration of transgene expression, most likely due to retarding plasmid degradation."	( Using trehalose delivered by the intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA as an adjuvant for transgene expression. Su, LY; Tang, CH; Tseng, WC, 2009)	2.28
"Trehalose is a ubiquitous molecule that occurs in lower and higher life forms but not in mammals. "	( Effect of trehalose on protein structure. Jain, NK; Roy, I, 2009)	2.2
"Trehalose is a disaccharide known to stabilize proteins and biologic membranes during processes such as cryopreservation."	( Boar spermatozoa cryopreservation in low glycerol/trehalose enriched freezing media improves cellular integrity. Carvajal, SU; Gutiérrez-Pérez, O; Juárez-Mosqueda, Mde L; Ortega, ME, 2009)	1.33
"Trehalose accumulation is a common response to several stresses in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. "	( The three trehalases Nth1p, Nth2p and Ath1p participate in the mobilization of intracellular trehalose required for recovery from saline stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Garre, E; Matallana, E, 2009)	2.02
"Trehalose is a potential cryoprotectant which has been shown to play a vital role in the freeze tolerance of nematodes."	( Cold tolerance in sealworm ( Pseudoterranova decipiens) due to heat-shock adaptations. Elvevoll, EO; Praebel, K; Stormo, SK, 2009)	1.07
"Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide formed by two glucose molecules. "	( Trehalose metabolism: from osmoprotection to signaling. Iturriaga, G; Nova-Franco, B; Suárez, R, 2009)	3.24
"Trehalose is an important disaccharide and a key regulation factor for the development of many organisms, including plants, bacteria, fungi and insects. "	( Characterization of a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene from Spodoptera exigua and its function identification through RNA interference. Chen, J; Pan, Z; Tang, B; Wang, S; Xu, W; Yao, Q; Zhang, W, 2010)	2.12
"Trehalose is a disaccharide of glucose found in diverse organisms and is suggested to act as a stress protectant against heat, cold, desiccation, anoxia, and oxidation. "	( Trehalose extends longevity in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Honda, S; Honda, Y; Tanaka, M, 2010)	3.25
"Trehalose is a natural disaccharide that increases the removal of abnormal proteins through enhancement of autophagy."	( Trehalose ameliorates dopaminergic and tau pathology in parkin deleted/tau overexpressing mice through autophagy activation. Casarejos, MJ; Cuervo, AM; García de Yébenes, J; Gómez, A; Mena, MA; Perucho, J; Rodríguez, L; Rodríguez-Navarro, JA; Solano, RM, 2010)	2.52
"Trehalose is an economically important disaccharide providing protection against various kinds of stresses."	( Possible regulation of trehalose metabolism by methylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Banerjee, S; Chaudhuri, P; Dutta, T; Ghosh, AK; Lahiri, S; Majhi, R; Sengupta, S, 2011)	1.4
"Trehalose is a disaccharide which plays an important role in preserving cells from completely dehydrated circumstances. "	( Inhibitory effects of trehalose on fibroblast proliferation and implications for ocular surgery. Ebina, Y; Ito, T; Metoki, T; Miyagawa, Y; Nakazawa, M; Sato, K; Takeuchi, K, 2010)	2.12
"Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide and can be accumulated in response to heat or oxidative stresses in Candida albicans. "	( Lack of trehalose accelerates H2O2-induced Candida albicans apoptosis through regulating Ca2+ signaling pathway and caspase activity. Cao, Y; Chai, Y; Dong, L; Jia, X; Jiang, Y; Lu, H; Sun, X; Yan, L; Zhu, Z, 2011)	2.25
"As trehalose is an approved ingredient in all major markets, there is no significant barrier to its use."	( Trehalose: current use and future applications. Ohtake, S; Wang, YJ, 2011)	2.33
"Trehalose dihydrate is a safe, naturally occurring disaccharide used as a food ingredient and pharmaceutical excipient. "	( Amorphous trehalose dihydrate by cryogenic milling. Booth, J; Burley, J; Megarry, AJ, 2011)	2.21
"Trehalose accumulation is a common cell defense strategy against a variety of stressful conditions. "	( Engineering trehalose synthesis in Lactococcus lactis for improved stress tolerance. Bohn, A; Cardoso, FS; Carvalho, AL; Neves, AR; Santos, H, 2011)	2.19
"Trehalose is a chemical chaperone known to protect a variety of organisms against cold stress. "	( Regulation of expression of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase during cold shock in Arthrobacter strain A3. An, LZ; Chen, X; Chen, XM; Dyson, P; Jiang, Y; Li, J; Li, YT; Lin, ZW; Si, J; Zhang, H; Zhang, HH; Zhao, J; Zhao, Q, 2011)	2.11
"Trehalose is an important nutraceutical of wide commercial interest in the food processing industry. "	( Improved trehalose production from biodiesel waste using parent and osmotically sensitive mutant of Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii under aerobic conditions. Choudhury, B; Ruhal, R, 2012)	2.24
"Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide in which two glucose units are linked by α,α-1,1-glycosidic bond, and has been shown to induce tolerance to a variety of stressors in numerous organisms."	( Trehalose treatment suppresses inflammation, oxidative stress, and vasospasm induced by experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Chung, UI; Echigo, R; Fujisawa, A; Karatsu, K; Kayasuga-Kariya, Y; Kita, Y; Mochizuki, M; Nakamura, M; Ohto, T; Sasaki, N; Shimizu, T; Shimohata, N; Suzuki, S; Yano, F, 2012)	2.54
"Trehalose is a nonreducing sugar used as a reserve carbohydrate and stress protectant in a variety of organisms. "	( Expansive evolution of the trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase gene family in Arabidopsis. Avonce, N; Beeckman, T; Feil, R; Lammens, W; López-Galvis, L; Lunn, JE; Maere, S; Rolland, F; Van Dijck, P; Vandesteene, L; Vanneste, K, 2012)	2.12
"Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide involved in stress tolerance in plants. "	( Trehalose determination in linseed subjected to osmotic stress. HPAEC-PAD analysis: an inappropriate method. Béthencourt, L; Boitel-Conti, M; Courtois, J; Fournet, A; Guillot, X; Petit, E; Pilard, S; Quéro, A; Sangwan, RS, 2013)	3.28
"Trehalose, which is a disaccharide formed by a 1,1 linkage of two glucose molecules, was suggested to have a suppressive effect on bone resorption. "	( Preventive effects of trehalose on osteoclast differentiation in rat periodontitis model. Azuma, T; Ekuni, D; Endo, Y; Irie, K; Kasuyama, K; Morita, M; Tomofuji, T, 2013)	2.15
"Trehalose is a disaccharide sugar that is now considered to be widely distributed among higher plants. "	( Aphid-induced accumulation of trehalose in Arabidopsis thaliana is systemic and dependent upon aphid density. Beale, MH; Bennett, M; Hodge, S; Mansfield, JW; Powell, G; Ward, JL, 2013)	2.12
"Trehalose metabolism is an essential component of the stress response in yeast cells. "	( Molecular interaction of neutral trehalase with other enzymes of trehalose metabolism in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Cansado, J; Franco, A; Gacto, M; Padmanabhan, S; Soto, T; Vicente-Soler, J, 2002)	2
"Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide of glucose that functions as a compatible solute in the stabilization of biological structures under abiotic stress in bacteria, fungi, and invertebrates. "	( Trehalose accumulation in rice plants confers high tolerance levels to different abiotic stresses. Choi, YD; Garg, AK; Kim, JK; Kochian, LV; Owens, TG; Ranwala, AP; Wu, RJ, 2002)	3.2
"Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide that plays a major role in many organisms, most notably in survival and stress responses. "	( Insights into trehalose synthesis provided by the structure of the retaining glucosyltransferase OtsA. Charnock, SJ; Davies, GJ; Gibson, RP; Lloyd, R; Turkenburg, JP, 2002)	2.12
"Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide in which the two glucose units are linked in an alpha,alpha-1,1-glycosidic linkage. "	( New insights on trehalose: a multifunctional molecule. Carroll, D; Elbein, AD; Pan, YT; Pastuszak, I, 2003)	2.11
"Trehalose is a disaccharide that was initially thought to be rare in plants but now appears to be ubiquitous. "	( Trehalose metabolism: a regulatory role for trehalose-6-phosphate? Eastmond, PJ; Graham, IA, 2003)	3.2
"Trehalose is a rare sugar with unique abilities to protect biomolecules from environmental stresses and is present in many bacteria, fungi and some desiccation-tolerant higher plants. "	( Building stress tolerance through over-producing trehalose in transgenic plants. Penna, S, 2003)	2.02
"Trehalose is a disaccharide that attracts much attention as a stress protectant. "	( NMR and quantum chemical study on the OH...pi and CH...O interactions between trehalose and unsaturated fatty acids: implication for the mechanism of antioxidant function of trehalose. Fukuda, S; Inoue, Y; Komori, M; Kubota, M; Kurimoto, M; Oku, K; Sakurai, M; Tsujisaka, Y; Watanabe, H, 2003)	1.99
"Trehalose is a disaccharide with potential applications in the biotechnology and food industries. "	( Overproduction of trehalose: heterologous expression of Escherichia coli trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Agosin, E; Krämer, R; Padilla, L; Stephanopoulos, G, 2004)	2.1
"Trehalose is a disaccharide with a wide range of applications in the food industry. "	( Impact of heterologous expression of Escherichia coli UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase on trehalose and glycogen synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Agosin, E; Krämer, R; Morbach, S; Padilla, L, 2004)	1.99
"Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide in which the two glucose units are linked in an alpha,alpha-1,1-glycosidic linkage. "	( Role of trehalose phosphate synthase and trehalose during hypoxia: from flies to mammals. Chen, Q; Haddad, GG, 2004)	2.2
"Trehalose is a sugar which plays an important protectant role in organisms against damage due to dehydration. "	( Rigidity and spontaneous curvature of lipidic monolayers in the presence of trehalose: a measurement in the DOPE inverted hexagonal phase. Di Gregorio, GM; Mariani, P, 2005)	2
"Trehalose is a disaccharide with a wide range of applications in the food industry. "	( Heterologous expression of Escherichia coli ppsA (phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase) and galU (UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase) genes in Corynebacterium glutamicum, and its impact on trehalose synthesis. Agosin, E; Padilla, L, 2005)	1.96
"Trehalose serves as a stress protectant and/or reserve carbohydrate in a variety of organisms including bacteria, yeast, and invertebrates. "	( Functional identification of a trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase gene that is involved in transient induction of trehalose biosynthesis during chilling stress in rice. Habibur Rahman Pramanik, M; Imai, R, 2005)	2.06
"Trehalose is a disaccharide of glucose that is found at high concentrations in a wide variety of organisms that naturally survive drying in nature. "	( Trehalose as a "chemical chaperone": fact and fantasy. Crowe, JH, 2007)	3.23
"Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide of glucose (alpha,alpha-1,1-glucosyl-glucose) that is essential for growth and survival of mycobacteria. "	( A novel trehalase from Mycobacterium smegmatis - purification, properties, requirements. Carroll, JD; Edavana, VK; Elbein, AD; Pan, YT; Pastuszak, I, 2007)	1.78
"Trehalose is a common reserve carbohydrate in fungi, whose role has been recently extended to other cellular functions, such as stress tolerance, glycolysis control, sporulation and infectivity of some pathogenic strains. "	( Trehalose turnover during abiotic stress in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Hampp, R; Ocón, A; Requena, N, 2007)	3.23
"Trehalose is a compatible osmolyte produced by bacteria, fungi, insects and plants to protect the integrity of cells against various environmental stresses. "	( A novel regulator couples sporogenesis and trehalose biogenesis in Aspergillus nidulans. Ni, M; Yu, JH, 2007)	2.05
"Trehalose is a well known protector of biostructures like liposomes and proteins during freeze-drying, but still today there is a big debate regarding its mechanism of action. "	( alpha,alpha'-trehalose 6,6'-dibehenate in non-phospholipid-based liposomes enables direct interaction with trehalose, offering stability during freeze-drying. Agger, EM; Andersen, P; Christensen, D; Foged, C; Kirby, D; Nielsen, HM; Perrie, Y, 2008)	2.16
"Trehalose is a unique, non-reducing, extremely stable disaccharide which is able to protect proteins and membranes from damage caused by freezing, high temperatures and dehydration."	( Trehalose metabolism--new horizons in technological applications. Panek, AD, 1995)	2.46
"Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide that stabilizes the cell membrane under various stressful conditions. "	( Effects of newly developed solutions containing trehalose on twenty-hour canine lung preservation. Bando, T; Hirai, T; Hirata, T; Hitomi, S; Inui, K; Kosaka, S; Liu, C; Wada, H; Yagi, K; Yokomise, H, 1994)	1.99
"Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide that can protect many prokaryotes, fungi, and yeasts against adverse conditions by stabilizing cell membranes."	( Preservation of skin free-flap using trehalose. Kitahara, AK; Nishimura, Y; Suzuki, Y; Wada, H; Zhan, CW, 1996)	1.29
"Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide comprising two glucose molecules. "	( The regulation of trehalose metabolism in insects. Becker, A; Schlöder, P; Steele, JE; Wegener, G, 1996)	2.07
"Trehalose is a stress protectant in biological systems as it interacts with and directly protects lipid membranes and proteins from the damage caused by environmental stresses such as desiccation and freezing."	( The role of trehalose in the physiology of nematodes. Behm, CA, 1997)	1.4
"Trehalose is a disaccharide that can stabilise cell membranes under various stressful conditions. "	( Prolongation of ischaemic tolerance of rat skeletal muscle by trehalose. Kitahara, AK; Nishimura, Y; Suzuki, Y; Wada, H; Zhan, CW, 1997)	1.98
"Trehalose is an enigmatic compound that accumulates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and has been implicated in survival under various stress conditions by acting as membrane protectant, as a supplementary compatible solute or as a reserve carbohydrate that may be mobilized during stress. "	( Role of trehalose in survival of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under osmotic stress. Brandt, EV; Hohmann, S; Hounsa, CG; Prior, BA; Thevelein, J, 1998)	2.18
"Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide that can stabilise cell membranes under various stressful conditions."	( Evaluation of new improved solution containing trehalose in free skin flap storage. Kitahara, AK; Nishimura, Y; Suzuki, Y; Wada, H; Zhan, CW, 1998)	1.28
"Trehalose is a disaccharide present in a variety of anhydrobiotic organisms which have the ability to promptly resume their metabolism after addition of water. "	( Biotechnological applications of the disaccharide trehalose. Paiva, CL; Panek, AD, 1996)	1.99
"Trehalose is a saccharide that possesses no reducing group and so has possible use in parenteral nutrition, especially because it can be stored with amino acids without undergoing the Maillard reaction. "	( Trehalose can be used as a parenteral saccharide source in rabbits. Kohri, H; Minami, R; Okamoto, K; Sato, S; Yamamoto, S, 1999)	3.19
"Trehalose was found to be an effective protectant for freeze-dried and vacuum-dried samples, and it is equivalent to a protective formulation which is in current industrial use."	( Stabilization and preservation of Lactobacillus acidophilus in saccharide matrices. Cielenski, PR; Conrad, PB; de Pablo, JJ; Miller, DP, 2000)	1.03
"Trehalose is a nonspecific protective agent for biomacromolecules. "	( Directed evolution of operon of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase from Escherichia coli. Gou, X; Kong, X; Liu, Y; Wang, X; Zhang, H; Zhang, J, 2001)	2.04
"Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide found at high concentrations in Aspergillus nidulans conidia and rapidly degraded upon induction of conidial germination. "	( Trehalose is required for the acquisition of tolerance to a variety of stresses in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Chaveroche, MK; d'Enfert, C; de Vries, R; Fillinger, S; Ruijter, G; Thevelein, J; van Dijck, P, 2001)	3.2
"Trehalose is a major storage carbohydrate in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. "	( Roles of trehalose phosphate synthase in yeast glycogen metabolism and sporulation. Cannon, JF; De Silva-Udawatta, MN, 2001)	2.17

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Trehalose has an important physiological role in improving plant tolerance against salinity stresses in different plants."	( Imperative role of trehalose metabolism and trehalose-6-phosphate signaling on salt stress responses in plants. Sadhukhan, S; Sarkar, AK, 2022)	1.77
"Trehalose has a therapeutic effect in various experimental models of diseases."	( Disaccharide trehalose in experimental therapies for neurodegenerative disorders: Molecular targets and translational potential. Akopyan, AA; Klyushnik, TP; Pupyshev, AB; Singh, SK; Tikhonova, MA, 2022)	1.81
"Trehalose has a variety of functions including a role as an energy storage molecule, a structural component of glycolipids and plays a role in the virulence of some microorganisms."	( Trehalase plays a role in macrophage colonization and virulence of Burkholderia pseudomallei in insect and mammalian hosts. Butt, A; Ireland, PM; Korbsrisate, S; Kovacs-Simon, A; Pumirat, P; Sarkar-Tyson, M; Titball, RW; Vanaporn, M, 2017)	1.18
"Trehalose has a significant beneficial effect in preserving the developmental potential of mouse sperm following partial desiccation and storage at temperatures above freezing."	( 3D multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry reveals penetration of 18O-trehalose in mouse sperm nucleus. Biggers, JD; Lechene, CP; Lee, GY; Poczatek, JC; Toner, M, 2012)	1.33
"Trehalose has a key role in the survival of some plants and insects, termed anhydrobionts, in harsh environments, even when most of their water body is removed."	( Trehalose production: exploiting novel approaches. De Rosa, M; Di Lernia, I; Schiraldi, C, 2002)	2.48
"Trehalose has a cytoprotective effect against stress, and ulinastatin inhibits trypsin."	( Modified two-layer preservation method (M-Kyoto/PFC) improves islet yields in islet isolation. Iwanaga, Y; Kobayashi, N; Matsumoto, S; Nagata, H; Nakai, Y; Nakamura, T; Noguchi, H; Okitsu, T; Ueda, M; Wada, H; Yonekawa, Y, 2006)	1.06
"Trehalose has a significant influence: spectral diffusion broadening speeds up compared to the trehalose-free glass."	( Trehalose effect on low temperature protein dynamics: fluctuation and relaxation phenomena. Fidy, J; Friedrich, J; Herenyi, L; Schlichter, J, 2001)	2.47
"Trehalose has an important physiological role in improving plant tolerance against salinity stresses in different plants."	( Imperative role of trehalose metabolism and trehalose-6-phosphate signaling on salt stress responses in plants. Sadhukhan, S; Sarkar, AK, 2022)	1.77
"Trehalose has been reported as a novel mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-independent autophagy inducer in many cells."	( Exploring the mechanism of trehalose: dual functions of PI3K/Akt and VPS34/mTOR pathways in porcine oocytes and cumulus cells†. Cai, L; Choi, H; Hwang, SU; Hyun, SH; Hyun, SY; Jeon, Y; Kim, E; Kim, M; Lee, J; Oh, D; Yoon, JD, 2022)	1.74
"Trehalose has been recently revealed as an attractive candidate to prevent and modify Parkinson's disease (PD) progression by regulating autophagy; however, studies have only focused on the reduction of motor symptoms rather than the modulation of disease course from prodromal stage. "	( Trehalose ameliorates prodromal non-motor deficits and aberrant protein accumulation in a rotenone-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Choi, HJ; Huh, YE; Kwon, Y; Moon, SH, 2022)	3.61
"Trehalose (Tre) has emerged an excellent osmolyte to induce salinity tolerance and it got considerable attention in recent times."	( Trehalose: a promising osmo-protectant against salinity stress-physiological and molecular mechanisms and future prospective. Alamri, S; Alhaithloul, HAS; Batool, M; Chattha, MU; Hashem, M; Hassan, MU; Mahmood, A; Nawaz, M; Qari, SH; Rasheed, A; Shah, AN; Thabit, MA, 2022)	2.89
"Trehalose has a therapeutic effect in various experimental models of diseases."	( Disaccharide trehalose in experimental therapies for neurodegenerative disorders: Molecular targets and translational potential. Akopyan, AA; Klyushnik, TP; Pupyshev, AB; Singh, SK; Tikhonova, MA, 2022)	1.81
"Trehalose has been widely studied as a treatment for a variety of human disorders due to its ability to stimulate autophagy. "	( Trehalose-releasing nanogels: A step toward a trehalose delivery vehicle for autophagy stimulation. Borges, O; Kovács, T; Lalik, A; Maruf, A; Milewska, M; Student, S; Varga, M; Vellai, T; Wandzik, I, 2022)	3.61
"Trehalose has distinct physical and chemical properties that have been investigated for their biological importance in a range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic species."	( Trehalose and its applications in the food industry. Chen, A; Gibney, PA; Goddard, JM; Tapia, H, 2022)	2.89
"Trehalose has been considered as a biocompatible cryoprotectant that naturally accumulates in organisms to tolerate anhydrobiosis and cryobiosis."	( Integration of Trehalose Lipids with Dissociative Trehalose Enables Cryopreservation of Human RBCs. Gao, S; Ren, L; Wang, Y; Yuan, X; Zhu, K, 2023)	1.98
"Trehalose has been widely used as a kind of food additives. "	( Chronic Consumption of Trehalose Reduces Lifespan in Drosophila Model. Liu, X; Shen, J; Tang, H; Xu, Y; Zhong, L; Zhu, X, 2023)	2.66
"Trehalose has been shown to reduce CVD risk factors, including atherosclerosis, cardiac remodeling after a heart attack, cardiac dysfunction, high blood pressure, and stroke."	( The potential therapeutic impacts of trehalose on cardiovascular diseases as the environmental-influenced disorders: An overview of contemporary findings. Boshtam, M; Hatami Kahkesh, K; Khanahmad, H; Kouhpayeh, S; Mirbod, SM; Pourajam, S; Qian, Q; Shariati, L; Tavangar, M; Zahedi, N; Zaker, E; Zhang, F, 2023)	1.9
"Trehalose has recently been associated with modulating cancer cell metabolism, diverse molecular processes, neuroprotective effect, and so on."	( Trehalose and its Diverse Biological Potential. Jodha, B; Kaur, P; Munshi, A; Sharma, E; Shruti, PS; Singh, S; Singh, T; Srivastava, Y, 2023)	3.07
"Trehalose has been implicated in improving survival under various stress conditions in microorganisms."	( Contribution of trehalose to ethanol stress tolerance of Wickerhamomyces anomalus. Huang, W; Jiang, G; Li, Y; Liao, Y; Liu, X; Long, H; Wu, L, 2023)	1.98
"Trehalose has been shown to induce autophagy and serve as a chemical chaperone, but little information has been reported about its effect on Mn-induced α-Syn oligomerization."	( Protective effects of trehalose against Mn-induced α-synuclein oligomerization in mice: Involvement of oxidative stress and autophagy. Deng, Y; Jing, MJ; Liu, C; Liu, K; Liu, W; Ma, Z; Wang, C; Xu, B; Yan, DY, 2020)	1.59
"Trehalose has been explored as a nontoxic alternative to traditional cryoprotectants."	( Cold-Responsive Nanoparticle Enables Intracellular Delivery and Rapid Release of Trehalose for Organic-Solvent-Free Cryopreservation. He, X; Jiang, B; Ou, W; Stewart, S; Wang, H; Zhang, Y; Zhao, G, 2019)	1.46
"Trehalose reportedly has many potential medical applications, especially in treating neurodegeneration diseases."	( SILAC-based proteomic profiling of the suppression of TGF-β1-induced lung fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation by trehalose. Jiang, X; Lu, F; Sun, X; Xu, X, 2020)	1.49
"As trehalose disaccharide has been proposed for dry preservation purposes, the objective of this work is to analyse the nanoscopic properties of the considered mixtures, in terms of aggregation, clustering, interactions energies, and local dynamics, and their relationships with hydrogen bonding."	( A Theoretical Study on Trehalose + Water Mixtures for Dry Preservation Purposes. Aparicio, S; Cincotti, A; Kumar, A, 2020)	1.38
"Trehalose (TRE) has been shown to increase both protein stability and aggregate clearance and induce autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases."	( The effect of trehalose on autophagy-related proteins and cyst growth in a hypomorphic Pkd1 mouse model of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Atwood, DJ; Brown, CN; Edelstein, CL; Holditch, SJ; Hopp, K; Pokhrel, D; Thorburn, A, 2020)	1.64
"Trehalose accumulation has been reported in diapause pupae of Antheraea pernyi; however, trehalose metabolic regulatory mechanisms associated with diapause termination remain unclear."	( The Modulation of Trehalose Metabolism by 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) During its Diapause Termination and Post-Termination Period. Li, WL; Li, YN; Liu, YB; Xie, XQ; Zhang, JN, 2020)	1.61
"Trehalose has important applications in the food industry and pharmaceutical manufacturing. "	( Structural Characteristics and Function of a New Kind of Thermostable Trehalose Synthase from Thermobaculum terrenum. Ren, X; Su, J; Wang, F; Wang, J; Wang, R, 2017)	2.13
"The trehalose (Tre) pathway has strong effects on growth and development in plants through regulation of carbon metabolism. "	( Exogenous trehalose improves growth under limiting nitrogen through upregulation of nitrogen metabolism. Chen, Y; Gao, W; Lawlor, DW; Li, H; Lin, Y; Pan, W; Paul, MJ; Zhang, J, 2017)	1.42
"Trehalose has received attention for the past few decades for its role in neuroprotection especially in animal models of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson and Huntington diseases."	( Mechanism of neuroprotection by trehalose: controversy surrounding autophagy induction. Lee, HJ; Lee, SJ; Yoon, YS, 2018)	1.49
"Trehalose has great agronomic potential to improve the stress tolerance of plants."	( ABA signaling rather than ABA metabolism is involved in trehalose-induced drought tolerance in tomato plants. Li, R; Shen, L; Sheng, J; Wang, L; Yu, W; Zhang, S; Zhao, R, 2019)	1.48
"Free trehalose has been detected in the mycobacterial cytoplasm and occasionally in oligosaccharides with unknown function."	( The molecular biology of mycobacterial trehalose in the quest for advanced tuberculosis therapies. Alarico, S; Empadinhas, N; Maranha, A; Mendes, V; Nobre, A, 2014)	1.13
"Trehalose has widespread use as a sweetener, humectant and stabilizer, and is now attracting attention as a promising candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases as it is an autophagy inducer and chemical chaperone. "	( Novel autophagy inducers lentztrehaloses A, B and C. Hatano, M; Hayashi, C; Igarashi, M; Kubota, Y; Nomoto, A; Ohba, S; Sawa, R; Umekita, M; Wada, S, 2015)	2.15
"Trehalose has emerged as a versatile molecule, serving mainly as energy source in insects and also being a stress protectant."	( Downregulation of dTps1 in Drosophila melanogaster larvae confirms involvement of trehalose in redox regulation following desiccation. Chatterjee, S; Mani, KP; Nath, BB; Thangaraj, P; Thorat, L, 2016)	1.38
"Trehalose has been recently promoted as efficient immobilizer of biomolecules for room-temperature EPR studies, including distance measurements between attached nitroxide spin labels. "	( Room-temperature electron spin relaxation of nitroxides immobilized in trehalose: Effect of substituents adjacent to NO-group. Bagryanskaya, EG; Fedin, MV; Kirilyuk, IA; Krumkacheva, OA; Kuzhelev, AA; Morozov, DA; Polienko, YF; Pyshnyi, DV; Shevelev, GY; Strizhakov, RK, 2016)	2.11
"Trehalose has a variety of functions including a role as an energy storage molecule, a structural component of glycolipids and plays a role in the virulence of some microorganisms."	( Trehalase plays a role in macrophage colonization and virulence of Burkholderia pseudomallei in insect and mammalian hosts. Butt, A; Ireland, PM; Korbsrisate, S; Kovacs-Simon, A; Pumirat, P; Sarkar-Tyson, M; Titball, RW; Vanaporn, M, 2017)	1.18
"Trehalose metabolism has profound effects on plant growth and metabolism, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. "	( Extensive expression regulation and lack of heterologous enzymatic activity of the Class II trehalose metabolism proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana. Beeckman, T; De Smet, I; Leyman, B; Naudts, M; Ramon, M; Rolland, F; Thevelein, JM; Van Dijck, P; Vandesteene, L, 2009)	2.02
"Trehalose and glycerol have been implicated as potential stress protectants that accumulate in yeasts during various stress conditions. "	( The induction of trehalose and glycerol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to various stresses. Li, L; Lin, Y; Pan, L; Ye, Y; Zheng, S; Zhu, Y, 2009)	2.14
"Trehalose lipid has been shown to have a great tendency to partition into phospholipid membranes; therefore, the characterization of its interaction with biological membranes is of central importance."	( Hemolytic activity of a bacterial trehalose lipid biosurfactant produced by Rhodococcus sp.: evidence for a colloid-osmotic mechanism. Aranda, FJ; Espuny, MJ; Manresa, A; Marqués, A; Ortiz, A; Teruel, JA; Zaragoza, A, 2010)	1.36
"Trehalose has been shown to evoke lower insulin secretion than glucose in oral saccharide tolerance tests in humans. "	( Trehalose prevents adipocyte hypertrophy and mitigates insulin resistance. Arai, C; Arai, N; Arai, S; Fukuda, S; Hanaya, T; Iwaki, K; Kohno, K; Mizote, A; Ushio, S, 2010)	3.25
"Trehalose has also been used to a limited extent for the preservation of mammalian cells and tissues, but mainly as a supplement to other cryoprotectants like dimethyl sulfoxide."	( Comparison of electroporation and Chariot™ for delivery of β-galactosidase into mammalian cells: strategies to use trehalose in cell preservation. Brockbank, KG; Campbell, LH, 2011)	1.3
"Trehalose has been used in a variety of research applications and is contained in several commercially available therapeutic products, including Herceptin®, Avastin®, Lucentis®, and Advate®."	( Trehalose: current use and future applications. Ohtake, S; Wang, YJ, 2011)	2.53
"Trehalose has been shown to protect epithelial cells from desiccation damage in cell culture and the murine dry eye model. "	( Evaluation of protective effects of trehalose on desiccation of epithelial cells in three dimensional reconstructed human corneal epithelium. Guthoff, R; Hovakimyan, M; Löbler, M; Ramoth, T; Schmitz, KP; Stachs, O; Witt, M, 2012)	2.1
"Trehalose has several novel anti-inflammatory and cell-protective functions. "	( Lyophilized aspirin with trehalose may decrease the incidence of gastric injuries in healthy dogs. Chung, UI; Echigo, R; Kamata, H; Kayasuga, Y; Lin, LS; Mochizuki, M; Sasaki, N; Shimohata, N; Suzuki, S, 2012)	2.13
"Trehalose has a significant beneficial effect in preserving the developmental potential of mouse sperm following partial desiccation and storage at temperatures above freezing."	( 3D multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry reveals penetration of 18O-trehalose in mouse sperm nucleus. Biggers, JD; Lechene, CP; Lee, GY; Poczatek, JC; Toner, M, 2012)	1.33
"Trehalose has been attributed a number of roles, including control of basic plant processes, such as photosynthesis, and conferring tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as desiccation and high salinity."	( Aphid-induced accumulation of trehalose in Arabidopsis thaliana is systemic and dependent upon aphid density. Beale, MH; Bennett, M; Hodge, S; Mansfield, JW; Powell, G; Ward, JL, 2013)	1.4
"Trehalose has strong effects on plant metabolism and growth; therefore, we became interested to study its possible role in the interaction of Arabidopsis thaliana with Plasmodiophora brassicae, the causal agent of clubroot disease."	( Induction of trehalase in Arabidopsis plants infected with the trehalose-producing pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae. Aeschbacher, RA; Boller, T; Brodmann, A; Ludwig-Müller, J; Schuller, A; Wiemken, A; Wingler, A, 2002)	1.28
"Trehalose has a key role in the survival of some plants and insects, termed anhydrobionts, in harsh environments, even when most of their water body is removed."	( Trehalose production: exploiting novel approaches. De Rosa, M; Di Lernia, I; Schiraldi, C, 2002)	2.48
"Trehalose has been isolated in pure form from the blood of pupae of the silk moth, Telea polyphemus, and has been recognized chromatographically in all the insects examined, which comprise 10 species belonging to 5 different orders."	( The chemistry of insect hemolymph. II. Trehalose and other carbohydrates. KALE, GF; WYATT, GR, 1957)	1.22
"Trehalose has extensively been used to improve the desiccation tolerance of mammalian cells. "	( Trehalose loading through the mitochondrial permeability transition pore enhances desiccation tolerance in rat liver mitochondria. Aksan, A; Hand, SC; Liu, XH; Menze, MA; Toner, M, 2005)	3.21
"Trehalose has a cytoprotective effect against stress, and ulinastatin inhibits trypsin."	( Modified two-layer preservation method (M-Kyoto/PFC) improves islet yields in islet isolation. Iwanaga, Y; Kobayashi, N; Matsumoto, S; Nagata, H; Nakai, Y; Nakamura, T; Noguchi, H; Okitsu, T; Ueda, M; Wada, H; Yonekawa, Y, 2006)	1.06
"Trehalose has many potential applications in biotechnology and the food industry due to its protective effect against environmental stress. "	( Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for trehalose overproduction: role of the TreYZ trehalose biosynthetic pathway. Agosin, E; Carpinelli, J; Krämer, R, 2006)	2.02
"Trehalose has been shown to protect membrane, proteins and nucleic acids during freezing and desiccation."	( [Research progress on trehalose used in lyophilization of blood cells--review]. Chen, Y; Lu, ZG, 2006)	1.37
"Trehalose has recently been shown to decrease aggregate formation and toxicity in cell models and to alleviate amyloid-induced diseases."	( Effect of trehalose on W7FW14F apomyoglobin and insulin fibrillization: new insight into inhibition activity. Iannuzzi, C; Irace, G; Portaccio, M; Sirangelo, I; Vilasi, S, 2008)	1.47
"Trehalose has been widely used to stabilize cellular structures such as membranes and proteins. "	( Thermodynamics and mechanism of cutinase stabilization by trehalose. Baptista, RP; Cabral, JM; Cabrita, GJ; Melo, EP; Otzen, DE; Pedersen, S, 2008)	2.03
"Trehalose has many or possibly all of the properties required for this purpose, including solubilization of hemoglobin to a very high concentration, lack of toxicity, slowing of oxidation to the non-oxygen binding methemoglobin, stability at room temperature and above, and ease of transport."	( Comments on the physics and chemistry of trehalose as a storage medium for hemoglobin-based blood substitutes: "from Kramers Theory to the Battlefield". Bunn, HF; Eaton, WA; Hagen, SJ; Hofrichter, HJ, 1995)	1.28
"Trehalose has been shown in other cell systems to provide positive protection to the plasma membrane and so was examined as a replacement for raffinose."	( Comparison of glycerol, other polyols, trehalose, and raffinose to provide a defined cryoprotectant medium for mouse sperm cryopreservation. Noiles, EE; Storey, BT; Thompson, KA, 1998)	1.29
"Trehalose has been described to act as the best stabilizer of structure and function of several macromolecules. "	( Stabilization against thermal inactivation promoted by sugars on enzyme structure and function: why is trehalose more effective than other sugars? Meyer-Fernandes, JR; Sola-Penna, M, 1998)	1.96
"Trehalose has been described to protect several enzymes against destabilizing conditions. "	( Effects of trehalose and ethanol on yeast cytosolic pyrophosphatase. Lopes, DH; Meyer-Fernandes, JR; Sola-Penna, M, )	1.96
"Trehalose has been shown to play a role in osmotolerance or desiccation tolerance in some microorganisms, anhydrobiotic invertebrates and resurrection plants. "	( Intracellular trehalose improves osmotolerance but not desiccation tolerance in mammalian cells. García de Castro, A; Tunnacliffe, A, 2000)	2.11
"Trehalose has a significant influence: spectral diffusion broadening speeds up compared to the trehalose-free glass."	( Trehalose effect on low temperature protein dynamics: fluctuation and relaxation phenomena. Fidy, J; Friedrich, J; Herenyi, L; Schlichter, J, 2001)	2.47
"Trehalose accumulation has been documented in many organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, where it serves a storage and stress-protection role. "	( An unexpected plethora of trehalose biosynthesis genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Leyman, B; Thevelein, JM; Van Dijck, P, 2001)	2.05
"Trehalose has not been previously recorded in either of these nematodes and is likely to have a storage function."	( An investigation of the glucose metabolism of Brugia pahangi and Dipetalonema viteae by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Powell, JW; Stables, JN; Watt, RA, 1986)	0.99

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Trehalose plays crucial roles in energy metabolism and stress tolerance in various organisms. "	( Characterization of trehalose metabolic genes and corresponding enzymatic activities during diapause of Sitodiplosis mosellana. Cheng, W; Huang, Q; Nan, J; Zhang, G; Zhu-Salzman, K, )	1.9
"Trehalose is known to inhibit protein aggregation in vivo and in vitro, and it is widely used in biotechnology."	( Effect of Trehalose on Oligomeric State and Anti-Aggregation Activity of αB-Crystallin. Chebotareva, NA; Eronina, TB; Kurganov, BI; Mikhaylova, VV; Roman, SG; Tugaeva, KV, 2022)	1.85
"Trehalose plays a crucial role in the survival and virulence of the deadly human pathogen "	( Molecular recognition of trehalose and trehalose analogues by Guddat, LW; Hu, T; Liang, J; Liu, F; Rao, Z; Shangguan, W; Wang, S; Xiong, Z; Xu, P; Yang, X; Yu, B; Zhang, B, 2023)	2.66
"Trehalose (Tre) plays a vital role in response to drought stress in plants but its regulatory mechanism remains unclear. "	( Trehalose alleviates the inhibition of adventitious root formation caused by drought stress in cucumber through regulating ROS metabolism and activating trehalose and plant hormone biosynthesis. Li, C; Liu, Y; Lu, X; Xu, J; Yu, W, 2023)	3.8
"Trehalose plays important roles in plant growth and stress responses and is synthesized from trehalose-6-phosphate by trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP). "	( Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase E modulates ABA-controlled root growth and stomatal movement in Arabidopsis. Chen, Q; Liu, WC; Song, CP; Wang, W; Xu, S; Zhu, X, 2020)	3.44
"Trehalose can also increase progranulin expression and rescue abnormalities in lysosomal structure in PHEV-infected cells."	( An Experimental Model of Neurodegenerative Disease Based on Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus-Related Lysosomal Abnormalities. Gao, F; He, W; Hu, S; Lan, Y; Li, Z; Wang, G; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Xu, B; Zhang, J; Zhao, K, 2020)	1.28
"Trehalose plays a crucial role in the diapause process of many insects, serving as an energy source and a stress protectant. "	( The Modulation of Trehalose Metabolism by 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) During its Diapause Termination and Post-Termination Period. Li, WL; Li, YN; Liu, YB; Xie, XQ; Zhang, JN, 2020)	2.33
"Trehalose promotes autophagosome recruitment via an mTOR-independent pathway, enhances autophagy flux in neurons, inhibits apoptosis via the intrinsic mitochondria-dependent pathway, reduces lesion cavity expansion, decreases neuron loss, and ultimately improves functional recovery following SCI (all"	( Trehalose Augments Neuron Survival and Improves Recovery from Spinal Cord Injury via mTOR-Independent Activation of Autophagy. Chen, H; Jia, X; Xu, H; Zhou, K, 2021)	2.79
"α,α'-Trehalose plays roles in the synthesis of several cell wall components involved in pathogenic mycobacteria virulence. "	( Synthesis and in Vitro Characterization of Trehalose-Based Inhibitors of Mycobacterial Trehalose 6-Phosphate Phosphatases. Drago, VN; Kapil, S; Petit, C; Ronning, DR; Sucheck, SJ, 2019)	1.29
"Trehalose plays a role in maintaining cell structure and protecting cells from stress."	( Apatite nanoparticles mediate intracellular delivery of trehalose and increase survival of cryopreserved cells. Balamurugan, V; Chang, Q; Liu, G; Song, Y; Sui, Y; Wang, B; Wang, G, 2019)	1.48
"Trehalose plays an important role in the resurrection process, and the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase(TPS) is the key enzyme to synthesize trehalose in plants."	( [Cloning and expression analysis in resurrection process of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene from Selaginella tamariscina]. Gu, W; Liu, Q; Sun, HM; Tian, R; Wang, XH; Xi, CC, 2018)	1.44
"Trehalose plays a crucial role in response to freezing stress in baker's yeast. "	( Fan, ZH; Huang, L; Li, RP; Liu, SN; Sun, X; Xiao, P; Zhang, J; Zhu, WB, 2019)	1.96
"The trehalose pathway plays a central but not well-defined role in maintaining energy balance."	( The trehalose pathway in maize: conservation and gene regulation in response to the diurnal cycle and extended darkness. Bledsoe, SW; Feil, R; Henry, C; Kollman, A; Lagrimini, LM; Siekman, A; Stitt, M; Waters, BM, 2014)	1.44
"Trehalose plays important roles in the protection of organisms against adverse environmental conditions. "	( Changes in trehalose content, enzyme activity and gene expression related to trehalose metabolism in Flammulina velutipes under heat shock. Liu, JH; Liu, JY; Shang, XD; Tan, Q, 2016)	2.27
"Trehalose was found to inhibit protein aggregation caused by neurodegenerative diseases via induction of autophagy, whereas its effect is still elusive on ischemia-induced protein aggregation."	( Trehalose Inhibits Protein Aggregation Caused by Transient Ischemic Insults Through Preservation of Proteasome Activity, Not via Induction of Autophagy. Feng, C; Ge, P; Li, Y; Lu, B; Luo, T; Luo, Y; Piao, M; Wang, C; Zhang, Y, 2017)	2.62
"Trehalose, having a lower free volume in the glassy state due to a more tightly packed molecular structure, is characterized by larger activation energies of alpha-relaxation and experiences a greater effect of temperature on the reduction in the activation energy barrier for viscous flow. "	( Implications of global and local mobility in amorphous sucrose and trehalose as determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Bhattacharya, S; Dranca, I; Suryanarayanan, R; Vyazovkin, S, 2009)	2.03
"Trehalose could inhibit mannitol crystallization to some extent."	( Injectable nimodipine-loaded nanoliposomes: preparation, lyophilization and characteristics. Cai, C; Guan, T; He, H; Miao, Y; Tang, X; Wang, J; Xu, H; Xu, L; Yang, S, 2011)	1.09
"Trehalose plays an important role in metabolic regulation and abiotic stress tolerance in a variety of organisms. "	( Overexpression of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene OsTPS1 enhances abiotic stress tolerance in rice. Deng, XW; Li, HW; Wang, XP; Zang, BS, 2011)	2.13
"Trehalose showed lower T(ic) value than lactose at 0.44 a(w) but no instant crystallization was measured below 0.44 a(w)."	( Characterization of carbohydrate-protein matrices for nutrient delivery. Roos, YH; Zhou, Y, 2011)	1.09
"Trehalose promotes protein mono-dispersion by increasing the viscosity of the growth medium for bacterial cells, thereby helping circumvent protein aggregation, whilst the heat-shock inducer benzyl alcohol stimulates the production of a network of endogenous chaperones which actively prevent protein misfolding, whilst also converting recombinant aggregates to native, correctly folded proteins."	( Native expression and purification of hormone-sensitive lipase from Psychrobacter sp. TA144 enhances protein stability and activity. Ascione, G; Dathan, NA; de Pascale, D; De Santi, C; Monti, SM; Pedone, C, 2012)	1.1
"Trehalose failed to activate autophagy in the spinal cord, where it had no impact on the level of sarkosyl-insoluble tau."	( Stimulation of autophagy reduces neurodegeneration in a mouse model of human tauopathy. Goedert, M; Lavenir, I; Ozcelik, S; Schaeffer, V; Tolnay, M; Winkler, DT, 2012)	1.1
"Trehalose metabolism plays a central role in various stress responses in yeasts. "	( Methylation dependent enhancement of trehalose production in Candida utilis. Banerjee, S; Dhar, TK; Dutta, T; Ghosh, AK; Lahiri, S; Sengupta, S, 2012)	2.09
"The trehalose-mediated increase in S(0.5) was similar at all temperatures tested, and thus, trehalose effects on V(max)/S(0.5) were always observed."	( Trehalose-mediated inhibition of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase from Kluyveromyces lactis: dependence on viscosity and temperature. Muñoz-Clares, RA; Sampedro, JG; Uribe, S, 2002)	2.24
"Trehalose plays an important role in stress tolerance in plants. "	( Expression of a bifunctional fusion of the Escherichia coli genes for trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase in transgenic rice plants increases trehalose accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance without stunting growth. Choi, WB; Choi, YD; Jang, IC; Kim, CH; Kim, JK; Kim, YS; Nahm, BH; Oh, SJ; Seo, HS; Seo, JS; Song, SI, 2003)	2
"Trehalose appears to inhibit not only the formation of these intermediates and asparagines for AcA, but also the AcA formation from these intermediates."	( Suppressive effect of trehalose on acrylamide formation from asparagine and reducing saccharides. Chaen, H; Fukuda, S; Kubota, M; Kurose, M; Ogawa, T; Oku, K; Tsujisaka, Y, 2005)	1.36
"The trehalose achieves a lower degree of super-saturation than does the mannitol before precipitating at the droplet surface."	( Single-droplet evaporation kinetics and particle formation in an acoustic levitator. Part 2: drying kinetics and particle formation from microdroplets of aqueous mannitol, trehalose, or catalase. Lee, G; Schiffter, H, 2007)	1.01
"Trehalose plays a protective role in yeast and microorganisms under abiotic stresses. "	( Overexpression of the trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase gene OsTPP1 confers stress tolerance in rice and results in the activation of stress responsive genes. Chao, DY; Gao, JP; Ge, LF; Lin, HX; Shi, M; Zhu, MZ, 2008)	2.1
"The trehalose levels showed lower variations and did not follow the heterosis effect observed in hybrids."	( [Inter-racial modifications of glycemia in the honeybee (Apis mellifica L.)]. Bounias, M, 1980)	0.74
"Trehalose and LysHCl increase the midpoint of Tm."	( On the role of surface tension in the stabilization of globular proteins. Lin, TY; Timasheff, SN, 1996)	1.02
"The trehalose glass plays a central role by stabilizing the reduction-prone bis-histidine heme (hemichrome) intermediate under the high-temperature conditions that favor the open reducing form of glucose."	( Trehalose glass-facilitated thermal reduction of metmyoglobin and methemoglobin. Friedman, BA; Friedman, JM; Ray, A, 2002)	2.24

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Trehalose treatment was characterized by an optimal safety profile, but no significant reduction in arterial wall inflammation could be observed."	( The effect of trehalose administration on vascular inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease. Alimi, H; Aminzadeh, B; Ansari, MA; Bagheri, RK; Banach, M; Bioletto, F; Bo, S; Ehsani, F; Emami, F; Ganjali, S; Jamialahmadi, T; Rajabi, O; Sahebkar, A, 2022)	1.8
"Trehalose treatment also upregulated expression of salicylic acid (SA)-dependent tomato defense genes; increased xylem sap levels of SA and other antimicrobial compounds; and increased bacterial wilt resistance of SA-insensitive NahG tomato plants."	( Trehalose increases tomato drought tolerance, induces defenses, and increases resistance to bacterial wilt disease. Allen, C; Augustine, SP; Dye, CJ; Gorman, Z; Hamilton, CD; Iyer-Pascuzzi, AS; Kolomiets, MV; MacIntyre, AM; McCulloh, KA; Meline, V, 2022)	2.89
"The trehalose-treated fibroblasts were positive for senescence-associated β-galactosidase."	( Highly concentrated trehalose induces prohealing senescence-like state in fibroblasts via CDKN1A/p21. Dai, X; Fujisawa, Y; Fukuda, S; Higashiyama, S; Imamura, T; Kameda, K; Kawakami, R; Kiyoi, T; Mizukami, Y; Mori, H; Murakami, M; Muto, J; Sayama, K; Shiraishi, K; Tsuda, T; Watanabe, K, 2023)	1.71
"Trehalose treatment also decreased the accumulation of Filipin+ cholesterol in NPC1 mutant fibroblasts."	( Trehalose enhances mitochondria deficits in human NPC1 mutant fibroblasts but disrupts mouse Purkinje cell dendritic growth ex vivo. Barrera, ZD; Carone, B; Kim, S; Krummenacher, C; MacLeod, CM; Rivera-Rosario, LA; Soto, I; Spencer, LT; Walsh, L; Yousufzai, FAK, 2023)	3.07
"Trehalose treatment during in vitro maturation (IVM) did not affect the nuclear maturation rates of oocytes."	( Trehalose supplementation during porcine oocytes in vitro maturation improves the developmental capacity of parthenotes. Cai, L; Hwang, WS; Hyun, SH; Jeon, Y; Jeong, YW; Yu, IJ, 2020)	2.72
"Trehalose treatment upregulated HSP27, HSP70 genes expression at 1 day after SCI."	( Trehalose protects against spinal cord injury through regulating heat shock proteins 27 and 70 and caspase-3 genes expression. Khaksari, M; Mirzaee, M; Nasouti, R; Nazari-Robati, M, 2019)	2.68
"Trehalose-treated MJD mice equilibrated for a longer time in the rotarod apparatus and exhibited an improvement of ataxic gait in footprint analysis. "	( Trehalose alleviates the phenotype of Machado-Joseph disease mouse models. Cavadas, C; Cunha-Santos, J; Gaspar, LS; Greif, H; Nobre, RJ; Nóbrega, C; Paixão, S; Pereira de Almeida, L; Santana, MM; Silva, TP; Trevino-Garcia, A, 2020)	3.44
"Trehalose treatment significantly decreased Aβ generation in HAW and 20E2 cells."	( Trehalose Inhibits Aβ Generation and Plaque Formation in Alzheimer's Disease. Hsiung, GR; Liu, Y; Song, W; Wang, J, 2020)	2.72
"Trehalose treatment in rats after BPRA enhanced the autophage and thus inhibited apoptosis compared with rats in Vehicle group."	( Trehalose protects motorneuron after brachial plexus root avulsion by activating autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis mediated by the AMPK signaling pathway. Fang, J; Gu, L; Li, B; Li, P; Qin, B; Qiu, S; Wang, Y; Weng, R; Wu, Z; Yang, J, 2021)	2.79
"Trehalose-treated S."	( Trehalose supplementation enhanced the biocontrol efficiency of Sporidiobolus pararoseus Y16 through increased oxidative stress tolerance and altered transcriptome. Dhanasekaran, S; Godana, EA; Li, J; Liu, J; Yang, Q; Zhang, H, 2021)	2.79
"Trehalose treatment reduced the activation of the UPR and inflammatory signaling, and reduced liver injury."	( Trehalose supplementation reduces hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory signaling in old mice. Estrada, AL; Hudson, WM; LaRocca, TJ; Pagliassotti, MJ; Seals, DR; Wang, D; Wei, Y; Zigler, ML, 2017)	2.62
"Trehalose treatment significantly improved performance in the Morris water maze, consistent with enhanced learning and memory."	( Trehalose Improves Cognition in the Transgenic Tg2576 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Adlard, PA; Finkelstein, DI; Hare, DJ; Perronnes, K; Portbury, AJ; Portbury, SD; Sgambelloni, C, 2017)	2.62
"Trehalose treatment increased the levels of Rab7, a protein required for lysosomal biogenesis and fusion, and slightly decreased the levels of Rab11, which is associated with recycling endosomes."	( Human Cytomegalovirus Replication Is Inhibited by the Autophagy-Inducing Compounds Trehalose and SMER28 through Distinctively Different Mechanisms. Clark, AE; Gordts, PLSM; Sabalza, M; Spector, DH, 2018)	1.43
"Trehalose treatment reversed autophagy impairment and prevented NTDs in diabetic pregnancies."	( Trehalose prevents neural tube defects by correcting maternal diabetes-suppressed autophagy and neurogenesis. Li, X; Wang, F; Weng, H; Xu, C; Yang, P, 2013)	2.55
"Trehalose treatment in addition increased the percentage of immunoreactive cells to HSC70 and LAMP2 and reduced the autophagic substrate, p62."	( Trehalose improves human fibroblast deficits in a new CHIP-mutation related ataxia. Bettencourt, C; Casarejos, MJ; García de Yébenes, J; Gómez, A; Heutink, P; López-Sendón, JL; Mena, MA; Perucho, J; Rizzu, P; Ruiz, C, 2014)	2.57
"Trehalose-treated mice had significantly more BMDCs than either vehicle- or CQ-treated mice."	( Autophagy Inhibition Delays Early but Not Late-Stage Metastatic Disease. Barnard, RA; Gustafson, DL; Hansen, RJ; Maycotte, P; Regan, DP; Thorburn, A, 2016)	1.16
"Trehalose pre-treatment augmented cell viability."	( Viability of freeze dried microencapsulated human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Elomaa, M; Heljo, P; Nevala, L; Räikkönen, J; Urtti, A; Wikström, J; Yliperttula, M, 2012)	1.1
"Treatment with trehalose significantly protected animals from I/R injury and inhibited IgM-mediated complement activation although it did not prevent membrane lipid peroxidation."	( Delineating the relationships among the formation of reactive oxygen species, cell membrane instability and innate autoimmunity in intestinal reperfusion injury. Balroop, J; Kashem, Z; Ko, EH; Lai, M; Lee, H; Wei, N; Zhang, M, 2014)	0.74
"Treatment with trehalose counteracts the increase in ROS, ubiquitinated proteins, huntingtin and activated caspase-3 levels induced by epoxomicin, and also increases the LC3 levels more in HD fibroblast than controls."	( Trehalose reverses cell malfunction in fibroblasts from normal and Huntington's disease patients caused by proteosome inhibition. Casarejos, MJ; de Yebenes, JG; Fernandez-Estevez, MA; Garcia Caldentey, J; Gomez, A; López Sendon, J; Mena, MA; Perucho, J; Ruiz, C, 2014)	2.18
"Cell treatment with trehalose could decrease cytosolic aggregates of potentially pathogenic proteins, including mutant huntingtin, α-synuclein, and phosphorylated tau that are associated with neurodegenerative diseases."	( Trehalose Alters Subcellular Trafficking and the Metabolism of the Alzheimer-associated Amyloid Precursor Protein. Karaca, I; Tamboli, IY; Tien, NT; Walter, J, 2016)	2.19
"Treatment with trehalose suppressed LPS-induced IL-1beta and TNF-alpha production and downregulated transcription of these cytokines. "	( Trehalose inhibits inflammatory cytokine production by protecting IkappaB-alpha reduction in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Hamada, S; Hirose, K; Taya, K, 2009)	2.15
"The treatment with trehalose of 3-month-old PK(-/-)/Tau(VLW) mice for 2.5 months reverted the dropout of dopamine neurons, which takes place in the ventral midbrain of vehicle treated PK(-/-)/Tau(VLW) and the reduced dopamine-related proteins levels in the midbrain and striatum."	( Trehalose ameliorates dopaminergic and tau pathology in parkin deleted/tau overexpressing mice through autophagy activation. Casarejos, MJ; Cuervo, AM; García de Yébenes, J; Gómez, A; Mena, MA; Perucho, J; Rodríguez, L; Rodríguez-Navarro, JA; Solano, RM, 2010)	2.12
"Treatment with trehalose produced a dose and time-dependent increase in the number of autophagosomes and markers of autophagy in NB69 cells."	( The accumulation of neurotoxic proteins, induced by proteasome inhibition, is reverted by trehalose, an enhancer of autophagy, in human neuroblastoma cells. Casarejos, MJ; de Yébenes, JG; Gómez, A; Mena, MA; Perucho, J; Solano, RM, 2011)	0.93
"Cotreatment with trehalose reduces the levels of β amyloid peptide aggregates, tau plaques and levels of phospho-tau."	( Trehalose protects from aggravation of amyloid pathology induced by isoflurane anesthesia in APP(swe) mutant mice. Casarejos, MJ; de Yébenes, JG; Gomez, A; Mena, MA; Perucho, J; Solano, RM, 2012)	2.15

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Data are presented supporting safe human consumption of trehalose in doses up to 50 g, and the physiologic ability of humans to digest it."	( Trehalose: a review of properties, history of use and human tolerance, and results of multiple safety studies. Dexter, LB; Krakowka, S; Kurimoto, M; Richards, AB; Schmid, H; Shigoyuki, A; Waalkens-Berendsen, DH; Wolterbeek, AP, 2002)	2
" These results provide additional evidence that aggregation of Abeta into soluble oligomeric forms is a pathological step in AD and that Abeta42 in particular is more susceptible to forming these toxic oligomers than Abeta40."	( Trehalose differentially inhibits aggregation and neurotoxicity of beta-amyloid 40 and 42. Barkhordarian, H; Emadi, S; Liu, R; Park, CB; Sierks, MR, 2005)	1.77
" The results obtained in the present study could support the conclusion that consumption of trehalose has no adverse effects for humans."	( Multiple toxicity studies of trehalose in mice by intragastric administration. Jones, G; Lin, S; Liu, M; Trang, H; Wang, L; Yang, Y; Ye, H; Zhang, M, 2013)	0.9
"Vizantin, 6,6'-bis-O-(3-nonyldodecanoyl)-α,α'-trehalose, was developed as a safe immunostimulator on the basis of a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study with trehalose 6,6'-dicorynomycolate (TDCM)."	( Development of vizantin, a safe immunostimulant, based on the structure-activity relationship of trehalose-6,6'-dicorynomycolate. Himeno, S; Imagawa, H; Inoue, M; Nagahama, M; Nakano, M; Nishizawa, M; Oda, M; Sakurai, J; Setsu, K; Shibutani, M; Watanabe, N; Yabiku, K; Yamamoto, H, 2013)	0.87
" In the first part we showed that malathion exert its toxic effect on growth (biomass) via."	( Exogenous osmolytes suppresses the toxic effects of malathion on Anabaena variabilis. Bano, F; Fatma, T; Habib, K; Ningthoujam, M; Zutshi, S, 2013)	0.39
"This study aims to investigate whether overexpressing the trehalose biosynthetic gene, otsBA operon, in β-carotene-producing recombinant Escherichia coli protects cells from toxic impurities in crude glycerol."	( Improved tolerance of recombinant Escherichia coli to the toxicity of crude glycerol by overexpressing trehalose biosynthetic genes (otsBA) for the production of β-carotene. Kim, CJ; Kim, SB; Kim, YG; Nguyen, Ado Q, 2013)	0.85
" The toxic response in cells either pretreated with PCB 52 and then treated with GO or concurrently treated with GO and PCB 52 did not differ significantly from the toxic response in the cells treated with PCB 52 alone."	( Graphene Oxide Attenuates the Cytotoxicity and Mutagenicity of PCB 52 via Activation of Genuine Autophagy. Chen, S; Dai, H; Deng, Z; Du, H; Hei, TK; Liu, Y; Nie, Y; Wang, J; Wang, M; Wang, X; Wu, L; Xu, A, 2016)	0.43
" Both treatments were well-tolerated, and there were fewer ocular symptoms upon instillation and fewer adverse events for HA-trehalose than for HA."	( A randomized, controlled study of the efficacy and safety of a new eyedrop formulation for moderate to severe dry eye syndrome. Baudouin, C; Chiambaretta, F; Doan, S; Fekih, LE; Khairallah, M; Labetoulle, M; Messaoud, R; Rocher, N, 2017)	0.66
"Trehalose, a non-permeating cryoprotective agent (CPA), has been documented as less toxic and highly efficient at cryopreserving different kinds of cells or organisms."	( Trehalose, an easy, safe and efficient cryoprotectant for the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. Hide, G; Lai, DH; Lun, ZR; Lyu, SS; Su, BX; Wen, YZ, 2016)	3.32
" Together, our results suggest that trehalose, a safe nutrient supplement able to cross the blood-brain barrier, is a promising candidate, worthy to be further explored in vivo, to augment the therapeutic efficacy of TMZ and RT in melanoma brain metastases."	( Trehalose inhibits cell proliferation and amplifies long-term temozolomide- and radiation-induced cytotoxicity in melanoma cells: A role for autophagy and premature senescence. Allavena, G; Del Bello, B; Maellaro, E; Miracco, C; Pirtoli, L; Tini, P; Valacchi, G; Volpi, N, 2019)	2.23
"Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitously distributed environmental pollutant that is highly toxic to liver."	( Trehalose prevents cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity by blocking Nrf2 pathway, restoring autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis. Fan, RF; Gong, ZG; Wang, JH; Wang, L; Wang, XY, 2019)	1.96
" It is therefore essential that the toxic effects of nanomaterials are understood in order to improve product safety."	( Inhibition of inhaled halloysite nanotube toxicity by trehalose through enhanced autophagic clearance of p62. Hu, X; Hu, Y; Rong, R; Wen, L; Yang, W; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Y, 2019)	0.76
" These peptides, which play a key role in the immune response that underlies CD, spontaneously form aggregates and exert a direct toxic action on cells due to the increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels."	( Trehalose Modulates Autophagy Process to Counteract Gliadin Cytotoxicity in an In Vitro Celiac Disease Model. Azzalin, A; Bozzola, M; Comincini, S; Dei Giudici, M; Gabriele, F; Manai, F; Martinelli, C; Morandi, M; Riccardi, V; Zanoletti, L, 2019)	1.96
" Glucose was observed to be toxic to cells at concentrations higher than 50 mg/mL."	( Analysis of In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Carbohydrate-Based Materials Used for Dissolvable Microneedle Arrays. Ackerman, DS; Bruchez, MP; Campbell, PG; Jarvik, JW; Korkmaz, E; Ozdoganlar, OB; Telmer, CA; Yalcintas, EP, 2020)	0.56
" Trehalose was well tolerated, and no serious drug-related adverse events were noted."	( Trehalose in Machado-Joseph Disease: Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy. Elyoseph, Z; Gordon, CR; Lev, N; Zaltzman, R, 2020)	2.91
" In conclusion, the NCC technology could produce the first safe soluble form of CAR for treating hypertension urgencies easy for industrial scale-up."	( Design of ultra-fine carvedilol nanococrystals: Development of a safe and stable injectable formulation. Hadidi, M; Iman Ghetmiri, S; Mohammady, M; Yousefi, G, 2021)	0.62
" Investigation of acute toxicity of pSAT in mice showed that there were no adverse effects of the polymer at a high (10 mg/kg) concentration."	( Safety and Biodistribution Profile of Poly(styrenyl acetal trehalose) and Its Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Conjugate. Bhattacharya, A; Forsythe, NL; Gelb, MB; Kelly, KA; Ko, JH; Lau, UY; Lee, JT; Maynard, HD; Messina, KMM; Olafsen, T, 2022)	0.96

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Herein, we report a polymer with trehalose side chains (PolyProtek) that is capable of improving both the external stability and the in vivo plasma half-life of a therapeutic protein."	( Trehalose Glycopolymer Enhances Both Solution Stability and Pharmacokinetics of a Therapeutic Protein. Ko, JH; Lee, J; Liu, Y; Mansfield, KM; Maynard, HD; Sallam, S; Wesdemiotis, C, 2017)	2.18

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In the current work, we demonstrate that Gr64f is required in combination with Gr5a for the behavioral response to trehalose and for production of nerve responses to trehalose."	( Gr64f is required in combination with other gustatory receptors for sugar detection in Drosophila. Jiao, Y; Montell, C; Moon, SJ; Ren, Q; Wang, X, 2008)	0.56
"This study was aimed to investigate the protective effects of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) combined with trehalose on the cryopreserved platelets."	( [Protection of cryopreserved platelets by dimethyl sulfoxide combined with trehalose]. Dian, ZJ; Ouyang, HM; Shen, SY; Shen, XM; Yang, TH; Zhao, RB, 2009)	0.8
"The islet isolation method combined with a potent anti-inflammation strategy made it possible to achieve single-donor islet transplantation achieving a high SUITO index."	( ET-Kyoto ductal injection and density-adjusted purification combined with potent anti-inflammatory strategy facilitated single-donor islet transplantation: case reports. Levy, MF; Matsumoto, S; Naziruddin, B; Noguchi, H; Olsen, G; Onaca, N; Shimoda, M; Takita, M; Tamura, Y, )	0.13
" Strikingly, G1P in combination with T6P inhibited SnRK1 synergistically."	( Inhibition of SnRK1 by metabolites: tissue-dependent effects and cooperative inhibition by glucose 1-phosphate in combination with trehalose 6-phosphate. Davis, BG; Fevereiro, PS; Martinez-Barajas, E; Nunes, C; Patel, MK; Paul, MJ; Powers, SJ; Primavesi, LF; Sagar, R, 2013)	0.59
" T2DM was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of nicotinamide and streptozotocin and combination with high fructose diets for 8 weeks."	( Quercetin-Rich Guava (Psidium guajava) Juice in Combination with Trehalose Reduces Autophagy, Apoptosis and Pyroptosis Formation in the Kidney and Pancreas of Type II Diabetic Rats. Chen, TY; Chien, CT; Kuo, YT; Lin, CF, 2016)	0.67
"In this study, we evaluated the effects of glutathione in combination with trehalose addition to semen extenders on the quality parameters of frozen-thawed red deer (cervus elaphus) spermatozoa."	( Glutathione in combination with trehalose has supplementary beneficial effects on cryopreserved red deer (cervus elaphus) sperm. Dong, S; Wang, Y, 2017)	0.97
" Moreover, glutathione in combination with trehalose addition to semen extenders had higher efficiency compared with the glutathione or trehalose addition alone (P<."	( Glutathione in combination with trehalose has supplementary beneficial effects on cryopreserved red deer (cervus elaphus) sperm. Dong, S; Wang, Y, 2017)	1
"Therefore, glutathione in combination with trehalose could be a promising cryoprotectant for red deer sperm."	( Glutathione in combination with trehalose has supplementary beneficial effects on cryopreserved red deer (cervus elaphus) sperm. Dong, S; Wang, Y, 2017)	1
" In the current study, we developed a method for effective separation and sensitive detection of glucose-1-phosphate (G1P), glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), sucrose-6-phosphate (S6P) and T6P in plant tissues by chemical derivatization combined with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ChD-HILIC-MS/MS)."	( Sensitive analysis of trehalose-6-phosphate and related sugar phosphates in plant tissues by chemical derivatization combined with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Cai, BD; Feng, YQ; Jiang, HP; Luo, XT; Xiao, HM; Yuan, BF, 2019)	0.83
" This study aimed to evaluate the use of different doses of MitoQ combined with trehalose to minimize mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress during sperm cryopreservation of Markhoz goat."	( Protective effects of different doses of MitoQ separately and combined with trehalose on oxidative stress and sperm function of cryopreserved Markhoz goat semen. Bahmani, HR; Farshad, A; Mafakheri, S; Masoudi, R; Nazari, P; Rezaei, A, 2023)	1.37

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The absolute PTH bioavailability was 21% after intratracheal administration of the powder formed of PTH/albumin/lactose/dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and 18% after subcutaneous injection in rats."	( Systemic delivery of parathyroid hormone (1-34) using inhalation dry powders in rats. Arras, M; Codrons, V; Lison, D; Préat, V; Vanbever, R; Vanderbist, F; Verbeeck, RK, 2003)	0.32
" Amorphous regions in an otherwise crystalline material can affect the bioavailability and the processability."	( Determination of amorphous content in the pharmaceutical process environment. Christiansen, L; Jouppila, K; Karjalainen, M; Pajamo, O; Rantanen, J; Savolainen, M; Strachan, C, 2007)	0.34
" Prototype III exhibited the best physical characteristics and in vivo performance, with bioavailability of 45% relative to subcutaneous administration."	( Pulmonary delivery of a GLP-1 receptor agonist, BMS-686117. Chi, C; Desikan, S; Hussain, M; Mathias, N; Moench, P; Qian, F; Smith, RL, 2009)	0.35
"We have attempted to micronize drug particles with a particle size of less than 100 nm and maintain the particle size of their suspension to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs."	( Preparation of griseofulvin nanoparticle suspension by high-pressure homogenization and preservation of the suspension with saccharides and sugar alcohols. Arakawa, M; Kamiya, S; Kurita, T; Miyagishima, A, 2009)	0.35
" We hypothesised that the reduced digestion and absorption rate of trehalose is accompanied by an attenuated glycaemic and insulinaemic response, leading to a less inhibited postprandial fat oxidation rate."	( Reduced glycaemic and insulinaemic responses following trehalose ingestion: implications for postprandial substrate use. Blaak, EE; Brouns, F; Ijzerman, TH; van Can, JG; van Loon, LJ, 2009)	0.84
"The aggregation of tetanus toxoid leads to reduced bioavailability of the vaccine and failure of immunization programmes in many parts of the globe."	( Stabilization of tetanus toxoid formulation containing aluminium hydroxide adjuvant against agitation. Jain, NK; Roy, I; Solanki, VA, 2012)	0.38
" In both humans and mice, impaired EDD was mediated by reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and was associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation (P <0."	( Translational evidence that impaired autophagy contributes to arterial ageing. Henson, GD; LaRocca, TJ; Pierce, GL; Seals, DR; Sindler, AL; Thorburn, A, 2012)	0.38
" Dried AM alone, and with trehalose or raffinose showed greater factor retention efficiencies and bioavailability compared to cryopreserved AM and demonstrated a more sustained biochemical factor time release in vitro."	( Augmented dried versus cryopreserved amniotic membrane as an ocular surface dressing. Allen, CL; Branch, MJ; Clare, G; Dadhwal, M; Dua, HS; Hopkinson, A; McIntosh, OD; Stewart, EA, 2013)	0.69
" The in vivo absorption test showed that SD- and SASD-processed sCT powders increased the bioavailability of the drug when compared to the nasal administration of raw sCT."	( Design of salmon calcitonin particles for nasal delivery using spray-drying and novel supercritical fluid-assisted spray-drying processes. Alhalaweh, A; Cha, KH; Cho, W; Hwang, SJ; Jung, MS; Kim, JS; Kim, MS; Park, HJ; Park, J; Velaga, SP, 2015)	0.42
" However, the bioavailability of trehalose is low because it is digested by the hydrolyzing enzyme trehalase, expressed in the intestine and kidney."	( Novel autophagy inducers lentztrehaloses A, B and C. Hatano, M; Hayashi, C; Igarashi, M; Kubota, Y; Nomoto, A; Ohba, S; Sawa, R; Umekita, M; Wada, S, 2015)	0.99
" Our findings demonstrate that oral trehalose improves resistance artery (microvascular) function, a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, in MA/O adults, possibly through increasing NO bioavailability and smooth muscle sensitivity to NO."	( Oral trehalose supplementation improves resistance artery endothelial function in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Bispham, NZ; Chonchol, M; Hill, SD; Kaplon, RE; LaRocca, TJ; McQueen, MB; Nowlan, MJ; Santos-Parker, JR; Seals, DR; Snyder, LL, 2016)	1.22
"59-fold increase in relative bioavailability as compared to TMX suspension."	( Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. Chand, M; Dhaundiyal, A; Jena, SK; Samal, SK; Sangamwar, AT; Sonvane, B, 2016)	0.43
"α-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs have a great potential in enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs like TMX."	( Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. Chand, M; Dhaundiyal, A; Jena, SK; Samal, SK; Sangamwar, AT; Sonvane, B, 2016)	0.43
"Cell membrane permeability is an important determinant for oral absorption and bioavailability of a drug molecule."	( Highly predictive and interpretable models for PAMPA permeability. Jadhav, A; Kerns, E; Nguyen, K; Shah, P; Sun, H; Xu, X; Yan, Z; Yu, KR, 2017)	0.46
" Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) increases the mechanical strength of microneedles and ameliorates drug bioavailability in vivo, suggesting that poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) can be a promising additive in the fabrication of peptide drug-encapsulated fully dissolving microneedles."	( A comparative study of dissolving hyaluronic acid microneedles with trehalose and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) for efficient peptide drug delivery. Jang, NK; Jeong, DH; Kim, HK; Kim, JD; Kim, SJ; Lee, BY; Lee, S; Lee, SH; Ryu, HY; Sung, CY, 2018)	0.72
" We quantified portal trehalose and lactotrehalose bioavailability by gas chromatography mass spectrometry."	( Lactotrehalose, an Analog of Trehalose, Increases Energy Metabolism Without Promoting Clostridioides difficile Infection in Mice. Chintapalli, SV; Crowley, JR; DeBosch, BJ; Ferey, JL; Good, M; Heitmeier, MR; Higashiyama, T; Higgins, CB; Hruz, PW; Mihi, B; Shaikh, N; Shankar, K; Stothard, AI; Swarts, BM; Tarr, PI; Wankhade, UD; Zhang, Y, 2020)	1.39

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Remarkable life prolongation effects were observed after the intraperitoneal administration of SS554 at a dosage of 150 mg/kg in mice implanted with Ehrlich ascitic tumor cells."	( [Antitumor effect of synthetic cord factor analogue, 6, 6'-Di-O-decanoyl-alpha, alpha-trehalose]. Ishida, N; Ishii, F; Kohya, H; Takano, S, 1984)	0.49
" Experiments with diploid strains heterozygous for delta ath1 show a gene dosage effect for the ATH1 gene for growth on trehalose."	( Deletion of the ATH1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae prevents growth on trehalose. Holzer, H; Mechler, B; Nwaka, S, 1996)	0.73
"To find out if the physical instability of a lyophilized dosage form is related to molecular mobility below the glass transition temperature."	( The relationship between protein aggregation and molecular mobility below the glass transition temperature of lyophilized formulations containing a monoclonal antibody. Dal Monte, PR; Duddu, SP; Zhang, G, 1997)	0.3
"The transitory laxative threshold of a partially digestible disaccharide, trehalose, and an undigestible disaccharide, lactulose, was estimated by the dose-response relation between the test substance and the prevalence of diarrhea in 20 healthy female subjects."	( Transitory laxative threshold of trehalose and lactulose in healthy women. Okazaki, M; Oku, T, 1998)	0.81
" The wild-type and otsA mutant strains showed similar abilities to colonise spleen tissues after oral dosing of mice."	( Role of trehalose biosynthesis in environmental survival and virulence of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. Bullifent, HL; Dhaliwal, K; Frith, G; García de Castro, A; Griffin, K; Howells, AM; Titball, RW; Tunnacliffe, A, 2002)	0.75
" On tumoral cells, TreVO caused a weak stimulation of growth at 5 microM but it inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-response manner between 50 and 100 microM."	( Synthesis of a new vanadyl(IV) complex with trehalose (TreVO): insulin-mimetic activities in osteoblast-like cells in culture. Barrio, DA; Cortizo, AM; Etcheverry, SB; Williams, PA, 2003)	0.58
" Intracellular levels of Hsp104 and trehalose, which were reportedly required for the acquisition of heat tolerance in the stationary phase of cell growth, were affected in both GTS1 mutants roughly in proportion to the gene dosage of GTS1, whereas those of other Hsps were less affected."	( Gts1p activates SNF1-dependent derepression of HSP104 and TPS1 in the stationary phase of yeast growth. Tsurugi, K; Yaguchi, S, 2003)	0.59
" Based on the observed influence of high SUT2 gene dosage on PKA activity as well as Sut2p's homology to the presumptive transcription factor Sut1p, we suggest that Sut2p contributes to regulation of PKA activity at the level of transcription."	( SUT2 is a novel multicopy suppressor of low activity of the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway in yeast. Bandlow, W; Budzowska, M; Reissaus, A; Rützler, M, 2004)	0.32
" The objective of this study was to investigate the storage stability of the lipid devices, as long-term storage stability ensuring acceptable shelf-life can be considered the most important parameter for commercially viable sustained-release dosage forms."	( Continuous release of Rh-interferon (alpha-2a from triglyceride implants: storage stability of the dosage forms. Mohl, S; Winter, G, 2006)	0.33
" The effects of trehalose on gene dosage and the duration of transgene expression were assessed."	( Using trehalose delivered by the intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA as an adjuvant for transgene expression. Su, LY; Tang, CH; Tseng, WC, 2009)	1.18
" Trehalose is able to improve transgene expression by intramuscular injection at a low gene dosage as well as prolong the duration of transgene expression."	( Using trehalose delivered by the intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA as an adjuvant for transgene expression. Su, LY; Tang, CH; Tseng, WC, 2009)	1.74
" The pattern of activity was dependent on the oxidant dosage applied: low concentrations of H(2)O(2) (0."	( Adaptive tolerance to oxidative stress and the induction of antioxidant enzymatic activities in Candida albicans are independent of the Hog1 and Cap1-mediated pathways. Alonso-Monge, R; Argüelles, JC; Gónzalez-Párraga, P; Plá, J, 2010)	0.36
" Currently, there is a growing interest in the use of trehalose in solid dosage formulations, most notably in quick-dissolving tablets."	( Trehalose: current use and future applications. Ohtake, S; Wang, YJ, 2011)	2.06
" Replacement of fructose by mannitol in the current clinical BPA formulation is, therefore, feasible with advantages of increased dosing and removal of issues related to fructose intolerance and calorific load."	( Physicochemical investigation of the influence of saccharide-based parenteral formulation excipients on L-p-boronphenylalanine solubilisation for boron neutron capture therapy. Dooley, N; Elliott, M; Ford, SJ; Halbert, GW; Schmidt, E, 2012)	0.38
"Myoviridae bacteriophages were processed into a dry powder inhalable dosage form using a low-temperature spray-drying process."	( Spray-dried respirable powders containing bacteriophages for the treatment of pulmonary infections. Dennis, JJ; Finlay, WH; Lynch, KH; Matinkhoo, S; Vehring, R, 2011)	0.37
" We have previously described the rod-insert vaginal ring (RiR) device, comprising an elastomeric body into which are inserted lyophilised, rod-shaped, solid drug dosage forms, and having potential for sustained mucosal delivery of biomacromolecules, such as HIV envelope protein-based vaccine candidates."	( Characterisation of protein stability in rod-insert vaginal rings. Andrews, GP; Curran, RM; Kett, VL; Lowry, D; Malcolm, RK; McGrath, S; Pattani, A, 2012)	0.38
"Spray drying is a valuable technique in pharmaceutical dosage formulation, capable of producing amorphous, spherical powders, suitable for pulmonary deposition and further downstream processing."	( Instability of bacteriophages in spray-dried trehalose powders is caused by crystallization of the matrix. Lavigne, R; Meeus, J; Van den Mooter, G; Vandenheuvel, D, 2014)	0.66
"Development studies were performed to design a pharmaceutical composition that allows the stabilization of a parenteral rhEGF formulation in a lyophilized dosage form."	( Stabilization of a recombinant human epidermal growth factor parenteral formulation through freeze-drying. Amarantes, O; Beldarraín, A; Chinea, G; Gerónimo, H; González, Y; Hernández, G; Páez, R; Santana, H; Sotolongo, J, 2014)	0.4
" In a trial to find a suitable neoadjuvant therapy to decrease MTX dosage without lowering its chemotherapeutic efficacy, we investigated the antitumor effect of trehalose (TRE) on mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and checked whether TRE can enhance the antitumor potential of MTX."	( Trehalose enhances the antitumor potential of methotrexate against mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. El-Magd, MA; Ibrahim, WM; Khamis, A; Nasr Eldeen, SK; Salama, AF, 2017)	2.09
"Within this work, we develop vesicles incorporating sub-unit antigens as solid dosage forms suitable for the oral delivery of vaccines."	( Development of a solid dosage platform for the oral delivery of bilayer vesicles. Anderson, DE; Kirchmeier, M; McNeil, SE; Perrie, Y; Wilkhu, JS, 2017)	0.46
" However, efficient delivery systems and design of stable dosage forms are required for inhalation therapy, as well as cost-effective methods for manufacturing of the final product."	( Inhalable siRNA-loaded nano-embedded microparticles engineered using microfluidics and spray drying. Agnoletti, M; Boetker, JP; Bohr, A; Foged, C; Thanki, K; Wan, F; Yang, M; Zeng, X, 2017)	0.46
"Spray drying biologics and small-molecule drugs can increase their thermal stability relative to liquid dosage forms and allow for widespread distribution to developing countries without cold chain infrastructure."	( Amorphous pullulan trehalose microparticle platform for respiratory delivery. Barona, D; Carrigy, NB; Finlay, WH; Liu, Y; Melhem, O; Milburn, L; Ordoubadi, M; Ruzycki, CA; Vehring, R; Wang, H, 2019)	0.84
" However, the administration of therapeutics through the oral route to target gastrointestinal infections poses challenges to dosage formulation because these active ingredients, particularly relatively fragile biological entities, require protection from the stomach's harsh acids."	( On the feasibility of spray-dried eudragit-trehalose microparticles for enteric drug delivery. Bin Karim, S; Gomez, M; Ordoubadi, M; Vehring, R; Wang, H, 2021)	0.88
" Altogether, our results demonstrate the potential of trehalose/pullulan-based dMNAs as alternative dosage form for influenza vaccination."	( Intradermal Administration of Influenza Vaccine with Trehalose and Pullulan-Based Dissolving Microneedle Arrays. Akkerman, R; Beukema, M; Bhide, Y; Bouwstra, JA; de Vries-Idema, JJ; Frijlink, HW; Hinrichs, WLJ; Huckriede, ALW; Jiskoot, W; Lee, J; O'Mahony, C; Tian, Y; van der Maaden, K, 2022)	1.22
"Increasing viral dosage within dry powder vaccines reduces the powder mass required to elicit an immune response through pulmonary delivery."	( Cryoprotective agents influence viral dosage and thermal stability of inhalable dry powder vaccines. Cranston, ED; Feng, X; Manser, M; Thompson, MR; Xing, Z, 2022)	0.72
"Thermostable dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations with high aerosol performance are attractive inhalable solid dosage forms for local treatment of inflammatory lung diseases."	( Leucine improves the aerosol performance of dry powder inhaler formulations of siRNA-loaded nanoparticles. Foged, C; Franzyk, H; Gerde, P; Harinck, L; Lokras, AG; Selg, E; Sjöberg, CO; Thakur, A; Xu, Y, 2022)	0.72
" Altogether, these results demonstrated that proliposomes may be a valuable intermediate for the preparation of deformable liposome-based cutaneous dosage forms, improving the stability without compromising the overall performances."	( Micelles-in-Liposome Systems Obtained by Proliposomal Approach for Cannabidiol Delivery: Structural Features and Skin Penetration. Casiraghi, A; Cilurzo, F; Del Favero, E; Franzè, S; Rama, F; Ricci, C, 2023)	0.91
"We validated the trehalose neuroprotective dosage in a PD model induced with intraperitoneal paraquat administration twice weekly for 7 weeks."	( A neuroprotective dose of trehalose is harmless to metabolic organs: comprehensive histopathological analysis of liver, pancreas, and kidney. Garcia-Garcia, A; Gopar-Cuevas, Y; Loera-Arias, MJ; Montes de Oca-Luna, R; Morales-Carrizales, DA; Rodriguez-Rocha, H; Saucedo-Cardenas, O, 2023)	1.55
" Therefore, many studies concentrate nowadays their effort on developing alternative dosage forms to deliver biopharmaceutical molecules by the oral route."	( Tableting properties of freeze-dried trehalose: Physico-chemical and mechanical investigation. Busignies, V; Hsein, H; Madi, C; Mazel, V; Tchoreloff, P, 2023)	1.18

Item	Process	Frequency
Desserts	core-ingredient	79
Snacks	core-ingredient	77
Mochi	core-ingredient	45
Frozen foods	core-ingredient	37
Biscuits et gâteaux	core-ingredient	33
Sweet snacks	core-ingredient	32
Frozen desserts	core-ingredient	32
Pâtisseries	core-ingredient	31
Snacks sucrés	core-ingredient	31
Gâteaux	core-ingredient	19
Biscuits and cakes	core-ingredient	16
Confectioneries	core-ingredient	15
Surgelés	core-ingredient	13
Sushis	core-ingredient	12
Plats préparés	core-ingredient	11
Pastries	core-ingredient	10
Meats	core-ingredient	9
Meats and their products	core-ingredient	9
Desserts glacés	core-ingredient	9
Mochi glacés	core-ingredient	8
Plant-based foods and beverages	core-ingredient	7
Meals	core-ingredient	7
Mochi ice cream	core-ingredient	7
Plant-based foods	core-ingredient	6
Sushis-and-makis	core-ingredient	6
Cakes	core-ingredient	5
Sausages	core-ingredient	5
Prepared meats	core-ingredient	5
en:sushis-and-makis	core-ingredient	5
Biscuits	core-ingredient	5
Meat analogues	core-ingredient	4
Meat alternatives	core-ingredient	4
en:Mochi ice cream	core-ingredient	4
Tiefkühl-Desserts	core-ingredient	4
Tiefkühlprodukte	core-ingredient	4
Imbiss	core-ingredient	4
sucrés	core-ingredient	4
Frozen meats	core-ingredient	3
Open Beauty Facts	core-ingredient	3
Gebäck	core-ingredient	3
Kekse und Kuchen	core-ingredient	3
Süßer Snack	core-ingredient	3
Onigiri	core-ingredient	3
Fruit jellies	core-ingredient	2
Fruit and vegetable preserves	core-ingredient	2
Sweet spreads	core-ingredient	2
Plant-based spreads	core-ingredient	2
Spreads	core-ingredient	2
Breakfasts	core-ingredient	2
Baking decorations	core-ingredient	2
Groceries	core-ingredient	2
Sauces	core-ingredient	2
Condiments	core-ingredient	2
Plats préparés surgelés	core-ingredient	2
Sushis et makis	core-ingredient	2
Plats préparés frais	core-ingredient	2
Frais	core-ingredient	2
Salades composées	core-ingredient	2
Plats préparés au poisson	core-ingredient	2
en:mochi-ice-cream	core-ingredient	2
Aliments d'origine végétale	core-ingredient	2
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux	core-ingredient	2
Soupe miso	core-ingredient	2
Soupes	core-ingredient	2
Bonbons	core-ingredient	2
Confiseries	core-ingredient	2
salés	core-ingredient	2
Non alimentaire	core-ingredient	2
Prodotti di pasticceria	core-ingredient	2
Biscotti e torte	core-ingredient	2
Snack dolci	core-ingredient	2
Dessert	core-ingredient	2
Snack	core-ingredient	2
Plant-based beverages	core-ingredient	1
Beverages	core-ingredient	1
Non food products	core-ingredient	1
Breads	core-ingredient	1
Cereals and potatoes	core-ingredient	1
Sandwiches	core-ingredient	1
Bubble milk tea	core-ingredient	1
Salmon poke	core-ingredient	1
Protein powders	core-ingredient	1
Bodybuilding supplements	core-ingredient	1
Dietary supplements	core-ingredient	1
Makis	core-ingredient	1
Wraps	core-ingredient	1
Saumons d'élevage	core-ingredient	1
Saumons	core-ingredient	1
Poissons gras	core-ingredient	1
Poissons	core-ingredient	1
Poissons et dérivés	core-ingredient	1
Produits de la mer	core-ingredient	1
en:salads	core-ingredient	1
Chirashi au saumon	core-ingredient	1
Chirashi	core-ingredient	1
Plats au saumon	core-ingredient	1
Plats à base de riz	core-ingredient	1
Terrines	core-ingredient	1
Plats japonais	core-ingredient	1
Chirachis	core-ingredient	1
Champignons	core-ingredient	1
Champignons et produits dérivés	core-ingredient	1
Fromages	core-ingredient	1
Légumes et dérivés	core-ingredient	1
Produits laitiers fermentés	core-ingredient	1
Aliments à base de fruits et de légumes	core-ingredient	1
Produits fermentés	core-ingredient	1
Produits laitiers	core-ingredient	1
de:Veganes Erzeugnis	core-ingredient	1
Prepared meat cuts substitutes	core-ingredient	1
en:vegan salmon slices	core-ingredient	1
en:vegan salmon	core-ingredient	1
Zastępniki ryb	core-ingredient	1
Zastępniki mięsa	core-ingredient	1
Alternatywy mięsa	core-ingredient	1
en:ice-creams-and-sorbets	core-ingredient	1
en:Gelatin	core-ingredient	1
en:Thickeners	core-ingredient	1
Tilsetningsstoff	core-ingredient	1
en:Fruits	core-ingredient	1
en:Fruits based foods	core-ingredient	1
en:Fruits and vegetables based foods	core-ingredient	1
en:Plant-based foods	core-ingredient	1
en:Plant-based foods and beverages	core-ingredient	1
en:cakes	core-ingredient	1
Gefüllte Kuchen	core-ingredient	1
Kuchen	core-ingredient	1
en:instant miso soup	core-ingredient	1
Soupes déshydratées	core-ingredient	1
Plats préparés déshydratés	core-ingredient	1
Produits lyophilisés à reconstituer	core-ingredient	1
Produits déshydratés	core-ingredient	1
Proposed-for-deletion	core-ingredient	1
Empty	core-ingredient	1
Seafood	core-ingredient	1
Pains melon	core-ingredient	1
Salty snacks	core-ingredient	1
Biscuit	core-ingredient	1
Canned common beans	core-ingredient	1
Canned legumes	core-ingredient	1
Canned plant-based foods	core-ingredient	1
Legumes	core-ingredient	1
Canned foods	core-ingredient	1
Legumes and their products	core-ingredient	1
Sashimi	core-ingredient	1
en:ice-creams	core-ingredient	1
Ice creams	core-ingredient	1
Ice creams and sorbets	core-ingredient	1
Boissons à l'aloe-vera	core-ingredient	1
Boissons aux fruits	core-ingredient	1
Boissons à base de végétaux	core-ingredient	1
Boissons	core-ingredient	1
Vegetarian grounds	core-ingredient	1
Waffles	core-ingredient	1
Tartelettes	core-ingredient	1
Tartes	core-ingredient	1
Tartes sucrées	core-ingredient	1
Onigiri au thon	core-ingredient	1
en:Onigri	core-ingredient	1
Gekühlte Gerichte	core-ingredient	1
Pflanzliche Mahlzeiten	core-ingredient	1
Gekühlte Nahrungsmittel	core-ingredient	1
Frische Gerichte	core-ingredient	1
Frische Nahrungsmittel	core-ingredient	1
Fertiggerichte	core-ingredient	1
Salzige Snacks	core-ingredient	1
Pflanzliche Lebensmittel	core-ingredient	1
Pflanzliche Lebensmittel und Getränke	core-ingredient	1
Assortiments de sushi	core-ingredient	1
Torta	core-ingredient	1
Speiseeis und Sorbets	core-ingredient	1
Assortiment	core-ingredient	1
Banana Daifuku Rice Cakes	core-ingredient	1

Role	Description
human metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite	Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Escherichia coli metabolite	Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
mouse metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
geroprotector	Any compound that supports healthy aging, slows the biological aging process, or extends lifespan.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
trehalose	A disaccharide formed by a (1<->1)-glycosidic bond between two units of D-glucose.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Digestion and absorption	17	24
Digestion	12	23
Digestion of dietary carbohydrate	6	11
Trehalose Degradation	13	10
Secondary Metabolites: Trehalose Biosynthesis and Metabolism	10	12
Trehalose Biosynthesis I	2	8
Trehalose Degradation I (Low Osmolarity)	5	9
trehalose biosynthesis VI	0	5
trehalose degradation II (cytosolic)	6	8
Chitin Biosynthesis	9	21
Mycobacterium tuberculosis biological processes	39	62
Trehalose biosynthesis	5	10
trehalose degradation	5	9
chitin biosynthesis	16	40
superpathway of mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex biosynthesis	22	57
mAGP	18	31
trehalose degradation VI (periplasmic)	2	5
trehalose degradation IV	0	23
trehalose degradation I (low osmolarity)	4	12
trehalose degradation V	2	13
trehalose degradation II (cytosolic)	6	21
polyacyltrehalose biosynthesis	3	14
glycogen biosynthesis III (from u03B1-maltose 1-phosphate)	8	18
trehalose biosynthesis II	1	11
trehalose biosynthesis V	5	7
trehalose biosynthesis III	0	12
trehalose biosynthesis VI	1	4
trehalose biosynthesis I	7	19
trehalose biosynthesis VII	1	5
trehalose biosynthesis IV	3	8
trehalose biosynthesis	4	14
trehalose degradation II (trehalase)	6	9
mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex biosynthesis	21	31
AtMetExpress overview	0	109
Glucose sensing and signaling	0	10
Trehalose biosynthesis	1	8
Trehalose degradation II	1	7

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, X-ray structure of the sucrose-phosphatase (SPP) from Synechocystis sp.PCC6803 in complex with trehalose	Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803	Ki	26,000.0000	26,000.0000	63,000.0000	100,000.0000	AID977610
Chain A, X-ray structure of the sucrose-phosphatase (SPP) from Synechocystis sp.PCC6803 in complex with cellobiose	Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803	Ki	26,000.0000	26,000.0000	63,000.0000	100,000.0000	AID977610
Chain A, X-ray structure of the sucrose-phosphatase (SPP) from Synechocystis sp.PCC6803 in complex with maltose	Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803	Ki	26,000.0000	26,000.0000	63,000.0000	100,000.0000	AID977610
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1162080	Neuroprotective activity in C57BL/6 mouse primary cortical neurons assessed as reduction in amyloid beta-40-induced cell death at 600 uM pre-incubated with amyloid beta-40 for 6 hrs and measured after 48 hrs by trypan blue dye exclusion assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	'Click' assembly of glycoclusters and discovery of a trehalose analogue that retards Aβ40 aggregation and inhibits Aβ40-induced neurotoxicity.
AID1162061	Inhibition of amyloid beta-40 aggregation (unknown origin) assessed as beta-sheet at 180 uM after 72 hrs by CD spectra analysis (Rvb = 2 to 3%)	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	'Click' assembly of glycoclusters and discovery of a trehalose analogue that retards Aβ40 aggregation and inhibits Aβ40-induced neurotoxicity.
AID1439303	Inhibition of Brugia malayi T6PP using T6P as substrate assessed as fraction of enzyme unbound with compound by measuring ratio of initial velocities of T6P substrate hydrolysis in presence and absence of compound at 1 mM after 5 mins by BioMol green dye	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 128	Rational design of reversible inhibitors for trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatases.
AID1852704	Binding affinity to RED-NHS labelled Mycobacterium tuberculosis LpqY expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as dissociation constant incubated for 10 mins by Microscale thermophoresis analysis	2022	RSC medicinal chemistry, Oct-19, Volume: 13, Issue:10	Interrogation of the Pathogen Box reveals small molecule ligands against the mycobacterial trehalose transporter LpqY-SugABC.
AID1162073	Inhibition of amyloid beta-40 aggregation (unknown origin) assessed as unordered at 180 uM after 72 hrs by CD spectra analysis (Rvb = 82 to 85%)	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	'Click' assembly of glycoclusters and discovery of a trehalose analogue that retards Aβ40 aggregation and inhibits Aβ40-induced neurotoxicity.
AID1485202	Inhibition of amyloid beta (1 to 42) (unknown origin) self induced aggregation after 3 hrs by ThT-based fluorometric method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135	Multitarget trehalose-carnosine conjugates inhibit Aβ aggregation, tune copper(II) activity and decrease acrolein toxicity.
AID1162062	Inhibition of amyloid beta-40 aggregation (unknown origin) assessed as beta-sheet at 900 uM after 72 hrs by CD spectra analysis (Rvb = 2 to 3%)	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	'Click' assembly of glycoclusters and discovery of a trehalose analogue that retards Aβ40 aggregation and inhibits Aβ40-induced neurotoxicity.
AID1162054	Inhibition of amyloid beta-40 aggregation (unknown origin) assessed as alpha-helix at 36 uM after 72 hrs by CD spectra analysis (Rvb = 11 to 15%)	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	'Click' assembly of glycoclusters and discovery of a trehalose analogue that retards Aβ40 aggregation and inhibits Aβ40-induced neurotoxicity.
AID1162072	Inhibition of amyloid beta-40 aggregation (unknown origin) assessed as unordered at 36 uM after 72 hrs by CD spectra analysis (Rvb = 82 to 85%)	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	'Click' assembly of glycoclusters and discovery of a trehalose analogue that retards Aβ40 aggregation and inhibits Aβ40-induced neurotoxicity.
AID1852703	Binding affinity to RED-NHS labelled Mycobacterium tuberculosis LpqY expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as signal to noise ratio at 100 uM incubated for 10 mins by Microscale thermophoresis analysis	2022	RSC medicinal chemistry, Oct-19, Volume: 13, Issue:10	Interrogation of the Pathogen Box reveals small molecule ligands against the mycobacterial trehalose transporter LpqY-SugABC.
AID1485197	Inhibition of amyloid beta (1 to 42) (unknown origin) self induced aggregation assessed as time at which amplitude of ThT emission is 50% of difference between final and initial fluorescence emission at 40 to 5000 uM after 3 hrs by ThT-based fluorometric	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135	Multitarget trehalose-carnosine conjugates inhibit Aβ aggregation, tune copper(II) activity and decrease acrolein toxicity.
AID1485198	Inhibition of amyloid beta (1 to 42) (unknown origin) self induced aggregation assessed as lag time at 40 to 5000 uM after 3 hrs by ThT-based fluorometric method (Rvb = 8.3 +/- 0.7 hrs)	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135	Multitarget trehalose-carnosine conjugates inhibit Aβ aggregation, tune copper(II) activity and decrease acrolein toxicity.
AID1439298	Competitive inhibition of Brugia malayi T6PP using T6P as substrate by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 128	Rational design of reversible inhibitors for trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatases.
AID1485196	Inhibition of amyloid beta (1 to 42) (unknown origin) self induced aggregation assessed as difference between final and initial fluorescence emission at 40 to 5000 uM after 3 hrs by ThT-based fluorometric method (Rvb = 52 +/- 7 a.u.)	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135	Multitarget trehalose-carnosine conjugates inhibit Aβ aggregation, tune copper(II) activity and decrease acrolein toxicity.
AID1162060	Inhibition of amyloid beta-40 aggregation (unknown origin) assessed as beta-sheet at 36 uM after 72 hrs by CD spectra analysis (Rvb = 2 to 3%)	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	'Click' assembly of glycoclusters and discovery of a trehalose analogue that retards Aβ40 aggregation and inhibits Aβ40-induced neurotoxicity.
AID1485195	Inhibition of amyloid beta (1 to 42) (unknown origin) self induced aggregation assessed as fluorescence emission rate constant K at 40 to 5000 uM after 3 hrs by ThT-based fluorometric method (Rvb = 1.3 +/- 0.1 No_unit)	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135	Multitarget trehalose-carnosine conjugates inhibit Aβ aggregation, tune copper(II) activity and decrease acrolein toxicity.
AID1162068	Inhibition of amyloid beta-40 aggregation (unknown origin) assessed as beta-turns at 900 uM after 72 hrs by CD spectra analysis (Rvb = 0%)	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	'Click' assembly of glycoclusters and discovery of a trehalose analogue that retards Aβ40 aggregation and inhibits Aβ40-induced neurotoxicity.
AID1162079	Neuroprotective activity in C57BL/6 mouse primary cortical neurons assessed as reduction in amyloid beta-40-induced cell death at 240 uM pre-incubated with amyloid beta-40 for 6 hrs and measured after 48 hrs by trypan blue dye exclusion assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	'Click' assembly of glycoclusters and discovery of a trehalose analogue that retards Aβ40 aggregation and inhibits Aβ40-induced neurotoxicity.
AID1439305	Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis T6PP using T6P as substrate assessed as fraction of enzyme unbound with compound by measuring ratio of initial velocities of T6P substrate hydrolysis in presence and absence of compound at 1 mM after 5 mins by BioM	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 128	Rational design of reversible inhibitors for trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatases.
AID1439306	Inhibition of Shigella boydii T6PP using T6P as substrate assessed as fraction of enzyme unbound with compound by measuring ratio of initial velocities of T6P substrate hydrolysis in presence and absence of compound at 1 mM after 5 mins by BioMol green dy	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 128	Rational design of reversible inhibitors for trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatases.
AID1162067	Inhibition of amyloid beta-40 aggregation (unknown origin) assessed as beta-turns at 180 uM after 72 hrs by CD spectra analysis (Rvb = 0%)	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	'Click' assembly of glycoclusters and discovery of a trehalose analogue that retards Aβ40 aggregation and inhibits Aβ40-induced neurotoxicity.
AID1263307	Displacement of radioiodinated Man31-bovine serum albumin from biotin-tagged bovine mincle CRD after 2 hr by scintillation counting analysis	2015	MedChemComm, Apr-10, Volume: 6, Issue:4	The natural product brartemicin is a high affinity ligand for the carbohydrate-recognition domain of the macrophage receptor mincle.
AID1162081	Inhibition of amyloid beta-40 aggregation (unknown origin) assessed as fibril width at 1800 uM for 7 days at pH 7.4 by transmission electron microscopy (Rvb = 12.3 +/- 1.2 nanometer)	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	'Click' assembly of glycoclusters and discovery of a trehalose analogue that retards Aβ40 aggregation and inhibits Aβ40-induced neurotoxicity.
AID1439304	Inhibition of Ascaris suum T6PP using T6P as substrate assessed as fraction of enzyme unbound with compound by measuring ratio of initial velocities of T6P substrate hydrolysis in presence and absence of compound at 1 mM after 5 mins by BioMol green dye b	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 128	Rational design of reversible inhibitors for trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatases.
AID1162083	Toxicity in C57BL/6 mouse primary cortical neurons assessed as reduction in cell viability at 240 to 600 uM after 48 hrs by trypan blue dye exclusion assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	'Click' assembly of glycoclusters and discovery of a trehalose analogue that retards Aβ40 aggregation and inhibits Aβ40-induced neurotoxicity.
AID1162056	Inhibition of amyloid beta-40 aggregation (unknown origin) assessed as alpha-helix at 900 uM after 72 hrs by CD spectra analysis (Rvb = 11 to 15%)	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	'Click' assembly of glycoclusters and discovery of a trehalose analogue that retards Aβ40 aggregation and inhibits Aβ40-induced neurotoxicity.
AID1162074	Inhibition of amyloid beta-40 aggregation (unknown origin) assessed as unordered at 900 uM after 72 hrs by CD spectra analysis (Rvb = 82 to 85%)	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	'Click' assembly of glycoclusters and discovery of a trehalose analogue that retards Aβ40 aggregation and inhibits Aβ40-induced neurotoxicity.
AID1162066	Inhibition of amyloid beta-40 aggregation (unknown origin) assessed as beta-turns at 36 uM after 72 hrs by CD spectra analysis (Rvb = 0%)	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	'Click' assembly of glycoclusters and discovery of a trehalose analogue that retards Aβ40 aggregation and inhibits Aβ40-induced neurotoxicity.
AID1162055	Inhibition of amyloid beta-40 aggregation (unknown origin) assessed as alpha-helix at 180 uM after 72 hrs by CD spectra analysis (Rvb = 11 to 15%)	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	'Click' assembly of glycoclusters and discovery of a trehalose analogue that retards Aβ40 aggregation and inhibits Aβ40-induced neurotoxicity.
AID1439307	Inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium T6PP using T6P as substrate assessed as fraction of enzyme unbound with compound by measuring ratio of initial velocities of T6P substrate hydrolysis in presence and absence of compound at 1 mM after 5 mins by BioMol g	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 128	Rational design of reversible inhibitors for trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatases.
AID1811	Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB	2007	Proteins, Aug-15, Volume: 68, Issue:3	Crystal structure of a cyanobacterial sucrose-phosphatase in complex with glucose-containing disaccharides.
AID977610	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	2007	Proteins, Aug-15, Volume: 68, Issue:3	Crystal structure of a cyanobacterial sucrose-phosphatase in complex with glucose-containing disaccharides.
AID1508591	NCATS Rat Liver Microsome Stability Profiling	2020	Scientific reports, 11-26, Volume: 10, Issue:1	Retrospective assessment of rat liver microsomal stability at NCATS: data and QSAR models.
AID1645848	NCATS Kinetic Aqueous Solubility Profiling	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-15, Volume: 27, Issue:14	Predictive models of aqueous solubility of organic compounds built on A large dataset of high integrity.
AID1508612	NCATS Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA) Profiling	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 02-01, Volume: 25, Issue:3	Highly predictive and interpretable models for PAMPA permeability.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	398 (8.83)	18.7374
1990's	529 (11.74)	18.2507
2000's	1184 (26.28)	29.6817
2010's	1701 (37.75)	24.3611
2020's	694 (15.40)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	38 (0.81%)	5.53%
Reviews	229 (4.90%)	6.00%
Case Studies	5 (0.11%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (0.02%)	0.25%
Other	4,399 (94.16%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
2-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-phosphoglyceric acid : A monophosphoglyceric acid having the phospho group at the 2-position.	2.21	1	0	monophosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative
2,3-diphosphoglycerate 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate: A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508). 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid : A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3.	2.02	1	0	bisphosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative	human metabolite
phosphoserine Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.	1.99	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid; serine derivative	human metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	2.03	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	11.4	37	1	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	3.83	11	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetoin [no description available]	6.99	1	0	methyl ketone; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	metabolite
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	2.08	1	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
adenine [no description available]	4.01	13	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
allantoin [no description available]	2.38	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; vulnerary
curdlan D-hexose : A hexose that has D-configuration at position 5.	7.06	1	0	hexose
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	3.27	6	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
arsenic acid arsenic acid: RN given refers to orthoarsenic acid(H3AsO4); see also sodium arsenate. arsenic acid : An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom.	2.48	2	0	arsenic oxoacid	Escherichia coli metabolite
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.51	2	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.	7.76	3	0	benzyl alcohols	antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	9.66	68	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	7.37	2	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
2,3-butylene glycol 2,3-butylene glycol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. butane-2,3-diol : A butanediol in which hydroxylation is at C-2 and C-3.	1.98	1	0	butanediol; glycol; secondary alcohol
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	2.61	2	0	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
cadaverine [no description available]	2.49	2	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	2.25	1	0	amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	4.5	7	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	2	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
carnitine [no description available]	2.38	2	0	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	3.17	5	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
choline [no description available]	9.5	7	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aconitic acid Aconitic Acid: A tricarboxylic acid with the formula (COOH)-CH2-C(COOH)=CH-COOH.. aconitic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is prop-1-ene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3.	2.6	1	0	tricarboxylic acid
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	4.12	15	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	4.83	10	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	2.39	2	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	3.58	2	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	3.67	9	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.13	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	7.42	2	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
trimethylenediamine trimethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. trimethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine comprising a propane skeleton with amino substituents at positions 1 and 3.	1.97	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; reagent
methylmalonic acid Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.	2	1	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
2-methylcitric acid 2-methylcitric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0	tricarboxylic acid
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	2.98	4	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.	2.02	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite
creatine [no description available]	7.49	2	0	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
cytosine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	6.17	30	1	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	7.01	91	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	1.97	1	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
formamide formimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.. primary carboxamide : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2.	2.03	1	0	carboximidic acid; formamides; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	solvent
gamma-butyrobetaine 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate : An amino-acid betaine gamma-aminobutyric acid zwitterion in which all of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups.	1.97	1	0	amino-acid betaine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
glycine [no description available]	7	23	1	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glyceric acid glyceric acid: found in urine of patient with D-glyceric acidemia & hyperglycinaemia; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. glycerol ether : Any ether having glyceryl as at least one of the O-substituents.. glyceric acid : A trionic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted at positions 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups.	2.03	1	0	trionic acid	fundamental metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	9.63	226	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
glyoxylic acid glyoxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid bearing an oxo group at the alpha carbon atom.	2.78	3	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; aldehydic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen Cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.. hydrogen cyanide : A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom	2.11	1	0	hydracid; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; poison
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	3.77	3	0	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	9.07	14	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	2.06	1	0	imidazole
indole [no description available]	1.99	1	0	indole; polycyclic heteroarene	Escherichia coli metabolite
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	2.46	2	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.	2.21	1	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	human metabolite
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	2.13	1	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
endolysin lysine-4,4,5,5-d4 : A deuterated compound that is lysne in which the methylene hydrogens at positions 4, 4, 5 and 5 have been replaced by deuterium.	2.6	1	0	alpha-amino acid; diamino acid; polar amino acid	Daphnia magna metabolite
racemethionine Racemethionine: A preparation of METHIONINE that includes a mixture of D-methionine and L-methionine isomers.	2.6	1	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; sulfur-containing amino acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.	2.83	3	0	2-oxo aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	4.43	21	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	11.97	39	0	cyclitol; hexol
melatonin [no description available]	7.54	2	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
naphthalene [no description available]	2.11	1	0	naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene	apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	2.53	2	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.96	4	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	3.63	9	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.98	4	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.	1.95	1	0	gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide	analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent
1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.	2.44	2	0	octanol; primary alcohol	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite
oxaloacetic acid Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.	2	1	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid; oxo dicarboxylic acid	geroprotector; metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	1.95	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.	2.03	1	0	4-nitrophenols	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
triphosphoric acid triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.08	1	0	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	8.28	6	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'	2.48	2	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes	environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite
phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.	2.15	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin
phenethylamine phenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016. 2-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position.	2	1	0	alkaloid; aralkylamine; phenylethylamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.	3.25	6	0	carboxyalkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	3.06	4	0	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	9.49	22	0	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	7.71	3	0	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	4.79	9	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
putrescine [no description available]	7.96	4	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.	1.95	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines	antitubercular agent; prodrug
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	2.08	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.	2.47	2	0	methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate	coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	3.96	13	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.	1.95	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite
sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis	2.48	2	0	N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
shikimic acid-3-phosphate shikimic acid-3-phosphate: RN given refers to (3R-(3alpha,4alpha,5beta))-isomer; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
spermidine [no description available]	5.49	7	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
spermine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	3.83	11	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.	2.02	1	0	sulfur oxoacid	catalyst
taurine [no description available]	3.99	13	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	2.96	4	0	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	7.93	4	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
trimethyloxamine trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.	3.32	6	0	tertiary amine oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; osmolyte
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	3.01	3	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	6.55	23	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
b 844-39 [no description available]	2.15	1	0	diarylmethane
pk 11195 PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine	2.89	3	0	aromatic amide; isoquinolines; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	4	13	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.	2.55	2	0	methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine	neurotoxin
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride [no description available]	2.05	1	0
jtv519 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
phenytoin [no description available]	2	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.	2.13	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline	antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	3.68	3	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	2.48	2	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.	2.89	3	0	organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic
theophylline [no description available]	2.37	2	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
dan 2163 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	aromatic amide; aromatic amine; benzamides; pyrrolidines; sulfone	environmental contaminant; second generation antipsychotic; xenobiotic
amlexanox amlexanox: SRA-A antagonist;structure given in first source. amlexanox : A pyridochromene-derived monocarboxylic acid having an amino substituent at the 2-position, an oxo substituent at the 5-position and an isopropyl substituent at the 7-position.	2.89	3	0	monocarboxylic acid; pyridochromene	anti-allergic agent; anti-ulcer drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	4.36	4	1	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
astemizole Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.	2.89	3	0	benzimidazoles; piperidines	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist
azobenzene azobenzene: photosensor molecule known to undergo reversible isomerization from trans to cis on illumination with photons of appropriate wavelength; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (E)-azobenzene : The (E)-isomer of azobenzene.. (Z)-azobenzene : The (Z)-isomer of azobenzene.. azobenzene : A molecule whose structure comprises two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond; the parent compound of the azobenzene class of compounds.	2.41	1	0	azobenzenes
baclofen [no description available]	2.03	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.	2.89	3	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone	uricosuric drug
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	6.98	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
benzothiazide benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.	2.7	3	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
benzyl benzoate benzyl benzoate: structure; acarosan, a moist powder composed of wetted cellulose and benzyl benzoate, is used on carpets as an acaricide. benzyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia.	2.07	1	0	benzoate ester; benzyl ester	acaricide; plant metabolite; scabicide
diminazene Diminazene: An effective trypanocidal agent.. diminazene : A triazene derivative that is triazene in which each of the terminal nitrogens is substituted by a 4-carbamimidoylphenyl group.	2.04	1	0	carboxamidine; triazene derivative	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
bicalutamide bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.	2.61	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; sulfone; tertiary alcohol
bisindolylmaleimide i bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide	2.89	3	0
bufexamac Bufexamac: A benzeneacetamide with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic action. It is administered topically, orally, or rectally.. bufexamac : A hydroxamic acid derived from phenylacetamide in which the benzene moiety is substituted at C-4 by a butoxy group. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties.	2.89	3	0	aromatic ether; hydroxamic acid	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cadralazine cadralazine: structure given in first source	2.89	3	0	organic molecular entity
caffeine [no description available]	2.49	2	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	3.18	1	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carvedilol [no description available]	2.94	3	0	carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	2.41	2	0	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
cefixime Cefixime: A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is stable to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases.. cefixime : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic bearing vinyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(carboxymethoxy)imino]acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used in the treatment of gonorrhoea, tonsilitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and urinary tract infections.	2.41	1	0
cetirizine Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.	2.63	2	0	ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; piperazines	anti-allergic agent; environmental contaminant; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
chlorcyclizine chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness	2.89	3	0	diarylmethane
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	3.09	4	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
ci 994 tacedinaline: oral cytostatic drug with impressive differential activity against leukemic cells & normal stem-cells. tacedinaline : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid with one of the amino groups of 1,2-phenylenediamine. An oral cytostatic drug with impressive differential activity against leukemic cells and normal stem-cells. Also used in combination therapy for selected tumors including non-smoll cell lung, pancreatic, breast, and colorectal cancers.	2.89	3	0	acetamides; benzamides; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
cyclosporine cyclosporin A : A cyclic nonribosomal peptide of eleven amino acids; an immunosuppressant drug widely used in post-allogeneic organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patient's immune system, and therefore the risk of organ rejection. Also causes reversible inhibition of immunocompetent lymphocytes in the G0- and G1-phase of the cell cycle.	2.59	2	0
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	2.92	4	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	2.08	1	0	primary amine
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	2.5	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
dibenzothiophene dibenzothiophene : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a thiophene ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	2.03	1	0	dibenzothiophenes; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	keratolytic drug
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.	2.03	1	0	pentacarboxylic acid	copper chelator
diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.	2	1	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene	environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	4.11	2	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	3.8	11	0
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	2.44	2	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	2.25	1	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
fenbendazole Fenbendazole: Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.. fenbendazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positons 2 and 5 by (methoxycarbonyl)amino and phenylsulfanediyl groups, respectively. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.	2.89	3	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	2.15	1	0	resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	3.71	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.	2.01	1	0	aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone	prodrug
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	2.49	2	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	2.03	1	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gabexate Gabexate: A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin.	2.07	1	0	benzoate ester
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	2.44	2	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
glyphosate glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).	2.79	3	0	glycine derivative; phosphonic acid	agrochemical; EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; herbicide
go 6976 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	indolocarbazole; organic heterohexacyclic compound	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	2.57	2	0	methoxybenzenes
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	8.99	13	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	3.1	4	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	7.69	3	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
homochlorocyclizine homochlorocyclizine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.89	3	0	diarylmethane
hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.	2.89	3	0	hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.97	4	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	2.41	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
ifenprodil ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist	2.89	3	0	piperidines
indole-3-carbinol indole-3-carbinol: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables. indole-3-methanol : An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity.	2.03	1	0	indolyl alcohol	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	4.47	8	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iodixanol iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.	2.8	3	0	organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	7.07	1	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	7.37	2	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.96	4	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
1-(2-naphthalenyl)-3-[(phenylmethyl)-propan-2-ylamino]-1-propanone ZM39923: structure in first source	2.89	3	0	naphthalenes
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	2.89	3	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.89	3	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
lauric acid dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.	1.99	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	2.08	1	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.	3.25	1	0	anthracenes
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	2.89	3	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	3.14	5	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
mephenesin Mephenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.. 1-(2-methylphenyl)glycerol : A glycerol ether in which a single 2-methylphenyl group is attached at position 1 of glycerol via an ether linkage.	2.89	3	0	aromatic ether; glycerol ether
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	9.9	5	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methyl methanesulfonate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	2.08	1	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
monodansylcadaverine monodansylcadaverine: inhibits cross linkage of fibrin. monodansylcadaverine : A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with one of the amino groups of cadaverine.	2.1	1	0	aminonaphthalene; primary amino compound; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; protective agent
nafamostat nafamostat: inhibitor of trypsin, plasmin, pancreatic kallikrein, plasma kallikrein & thrombin; strongly inhibits esterolytic activities of C1r & C1 esterase complement-mediated hemolysis; antineoplastic	2.07	1	0	benzoic acids; guanidines
niclosamide Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.	2.89	3	0	benzamides; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; salicylanilides; secondary carboxamide	anthelminthic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; molluscicide; piscicide; STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	2.17	1	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.	2.21	1	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2.06	1	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	3.27	6	0	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	2.04	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
octopamine Octopamine: An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.. octopamine : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates.	2.67	3	0	phenylethanolamines; tyramines	neurotransmitter
oxibendazole oxibendazole: structure	2.89	3	0	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester
oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	2.21	1	0	acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-(2'-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2'-(n-(2''-pyridinyl)-4-iodobenzamido)ethyl)piperazine 4-(2'-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2'-(N-(2''-pyridinyl)-4-iodobenzamido)ethyl)piperazine: a 5-HT(1A) ligand; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	2.05	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
4-chlorophenol 4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant. 4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom.	2	1	0	monochlorophenol
perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.	2.89	3	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenazine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	azaarene; heteranthrene; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; phenazines; polycyclic heteroarene
phenolsulfonphthalein Phenolsulfonphthalein: Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.. phenol red : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney.	2.03	1	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; phenols; sultone	acid-base indicator; diagnostic agent; two-colour indicator
4-phenylbutyric acid 4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.	3.96	4	0	monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug
phloretin [no description available]	1.95	1	0	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
pimobendan pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source	2.89	3	0	benzimidazoles; pyridazinone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	8.7	10	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
ag 1879 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-amine: Fyn kinase inhibitor	2.89	3	0	aromatic amine; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazolopyrimidine	beta-adrenergic antagonist; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	2.41	1	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	2.11	1	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
3-[(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-iodo-1H-indol-2-one [no description available]	2.59	2	0	indoles
ro 31-8220 Ro 31-8220: a protein kinase C inhibitor	2.89	3	0	imidothiocarbamic ester; indoles; maleimides	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
ropinirole [no description available]	2.89	3	0	indolones; tertiary amine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; dopamine agonist
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	2.41	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
sodium fluoride [no description available]	2.68	3	0	fluoride salt	mutagen
iodoacetic acid Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.	2.44	2	0	haloacetic acid; organoiodine compound	alkylating agent
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	8.26	6	0	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	3.07	4	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
sulforaphane sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.	3.21	1	0	isothiocyanate; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
temozolomide [no description available]	7.21	1	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
2-[4-(4-chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-enyl)phenoxy]-N,N-dimethylethanamine [no description available]	2.59	2	0	stilbenoid
trifluoperazine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trifluperidol Trifluperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES including MANIA and SCHIZOPHRENIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p621)	2.15	1	0	aromatic ketone
tyramine [no description available]	1.95	1	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole: antineoplastic; activates platelet guanylate cyclase; a radiosensitizing agent and guanylate cyclase activator; structure in first source. lificiguat : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole which is substituted by a benzyl group at position 1 and a 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase and inhibits platelet aggregation.	2.89	3	0	aromatic primary alcohol; furans; indazoles	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; platelet aggregation inhibitor; soluble guanylate cyclase activator; vasodilator agent
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	2.03	1	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
zotepine zotepine: structure	2.89	3	0	dibenzothiepine; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic drug
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.81	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	1.97	1	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	9.85	70	1	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
thymidine [no description available]	2.66	3	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
benzimidazole 1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.	1.96	1	0	benzimidazole; polycyclic heteroarene
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	2.42	2	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	1.98	1	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	2.15	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	2.31	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	4.08	15	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	8.71	10	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	2.88	4	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	2.75	3	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	4.52	7	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	3.72	10	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	13.49	485	1	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.	1.98	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
puromycin aminonucleoside 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine: structure in first source. 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine : Puromycin derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring.	7.1	1	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	3.73	10	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.	2.03	1	0	azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.	2	1	0	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
uridine [no description available]	2	1	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine monophosphate Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.	1.99	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine diphosphate Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	5.34	6	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	2.44	2	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	7.55	42	1	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	2.41	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	3.82	11	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	8.2	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	2.73	3	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
phlorhizin [no description available]	4.16	5	0	aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative	antioxidant; plant metabolite
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	4.35	6	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	1.95	1	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	4.53	22	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethyl methanesulfonate Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol.	2.01	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen; teratogenic agent
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	2.08	1	0	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	5.67	76	0	lactose
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	3.16	5	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	4.87	34	0
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	3.27	6	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	3.05	4	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	8.93	13	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
thiamine hydrochloride thiamine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining thiamine chloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.	2.41	1	0	hydrochloride; vitamin B1	insect repellent
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	3.27	6	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	3.1	5	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
gliotoxin Gliotoxin: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.. gliotoxin : A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi.	2.05	1	0	dipeptide; organic disulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; pyrazinoindole	antifungal agent; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; proteasome inhibitor
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.	2.42	2	0	organic sodium salt	anticoagulant; flavouring agent
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	8.27	6	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
benziodarone benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)	2.89	3	0	aromatic ketone
mannitol [no description available]	9.97	154	1	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	7.95	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	5.04	9	1	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	2.94	4	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.73	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cordycepin [no description available]	2.1	1	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines	antimetabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	3.9	12	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.	7.69	2	0	aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	5.38	21	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.	2.03	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	plant metabolite; refrigerant
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges	3	4	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	plant hormone; refrigerant
methylamine methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom.	3.51	2	0	methylamines; one-carbon compound; primary aliphatic amine	mouse metabolite
boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.	2.48	2	0	boranes; mononuclear parent hydride
ethylene oxide Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.	2.03	1	0	gas molecular entity; oxacycle; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	allergen; mouse metabolite; mutagen
tetramethylammonium tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups.	2.13	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	2.05	1	0	tertiary alcohol	human xenobiotic metabolite
trifluoroethanol Trifluoroethanol: A non-aqueous co-solvent that serves as tool to study protein folding. It is also used in various pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering applications.	2.07	1	0	fluoroalcohol
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	2.47	2	0	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	1.95	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	2.03	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
bromcresol green Bromcresol Green: An indicator and reagent. It has been used in serum albumin determinations and as a pH indicator.	2.03	1	0	benzofurans
gibberellic acid gibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure. gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.	2.11	1	0	C19-gibberellin; gibberellin monocarboxylic acid; lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	3.9	12	0	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
isopentane [no description available]	2.03	1	0	alkane	refrigerant
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	3.15	5	0	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
acrylamide [no description available]	7.43	2	0	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	2.48	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
n-methylacetamide N-methylacetamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-methylacetamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the N-methyl derivative of acetamide.	8.07	4	0	acetamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	metabolite
pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.	2	1	0	pantothenic acid; vitamin B5	antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite
cyclizine Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group.	2.21	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine	antiemetic; central nervous system depressant; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	9.21	5	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
diethyl phthalate diethyl phthalate: structure. diethyl phthalate : The diethyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	2.08	1	0	diester; ethyl ester; phthalate ester	neurotoxin; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
1-naphthaleneacetic acid 1-naphthaleneacetic acid: a plant growth regulator; RN given refers to parent cpd. naphthylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is naphthalene substituted by a carboxymethyl group at any position.. 1-naphthaleneacetic acid : A naphthylacetic acid substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 1.	2.25	1	0	naphthylacetic acid	synthetic auxin
xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.	3.96	13	0
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	4.71	28	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
isatin tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;	2.03	1	0	indoledione	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
2-naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.	2.01	1	0	naphthylamine	carcinogenic agent
2-methylquinoline 2-methylquinoline: RN given refers to parent cpd. methylquinoline : Any member of the class of quinolines carrying at least one methyl substituent.. quinaldine : A quinoline compound in which the quinoline skeleton is substituted at C-2 with a methyl group.	2.05	1	0	quinolines
diphenyl diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure	2	1	0	aromatic fungicide; benzenes; biphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2.76	3	0	xanthene
synephrine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite
dilactide dilactide: structure given in first source	2.46	2	0	dioxanes
ethyl lactate ethyl lactate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate : The ethyl ester obtained of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.	2.07	1	0	ethyl ester; lactate ester; secondary alcohol	metabolite
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.	4.03	14	0	5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	algal metabolite
4-bromophenacyl bromide 4-bromophenacyl bromide: phospholipidase A(2) inhibitor; structure	1.99	1	0
triclocarban triclocarban: bacteriostat; antiseptic in soaps & other cleansing solns; germicide; structure. triclocarban : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at positions 1 and 3 respectively.	2.89	3	0	dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas	antimicrobial agent; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
boric acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	boric acids	astringent
caprolactam Caprolactam: Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.. epsilon-caprolactam : A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.01	1	0	caprolactams	human blood serum metabolite
ethyl laurate ethyl laurate : A fatty acid ethyl ester of lauric acid.	2.21	1	0	fatty acid ethyl ester	metabolite
acrolein [no description available]	7.15	1	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
dimethyldioctadecylammonium dimethyldioctadecylammonium: a cationic lipid analog; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.98	4	0
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	2	1	0	alkane
1,3-butylene glycol 1,3-butylene glycol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. butane-1,3-diol : A butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions.	2	1	0	butanediol; glycol
cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.	3.05	1	0	cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol	solvent
pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.	2.46	2	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; refrigerant
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	3.25	1	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	2.03	1	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
2-heptanone heptan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone with methyl and pentyl as the alkyl groups.	2.02	1	0	dialkyl ketone; methyl ketone	mouse metabolite; pheromone
n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.	2	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
squalane [no description available]	2.41	2	0
1-hexanol 1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	1.95	1	0	hexanol; primary alcohol	alarm pheromone; antibacterial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
heptanol Heptanol: A colorless liquid with a fragrant odor. It is used as an intermediate, solvent and in cosmetics.. heptanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of seven carbon atoms.. heptan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum.	2.02	1	0	heptanol; primary alcohol	flavouring agent; fragrance; gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; plant metabolite
methyl palmitate [no description available]	1.96	1	0	fatty acid methyl ester	metabolite
bromphenol blue Bromphenol Blue: A dye that has been used as an industrial dye, a laboratory indicator, and a biological stain.. bromophenol blue : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. It is used as a laboratory indicator, changing from yellow below pH 3 to purple at pH 4.6, and as a size marker for monitoring the progress of agarose gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It has also been used as an industrial dye.	2.03	1	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; organobromine compound; phenols; sultone	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	2.08	1	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.	1.98	1	0	hexosamine; secondary amino compound
uridine diphosphate glucose Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.	5.34	18	0	UDP-D-glucose	fundamental metabolite
shikimic acid Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.	1.99	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-tert-octylphenol 4-tert-octylphenol: structure given in first source	2.89	3	0	alkylbenzene
hexanoic acid hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human metabolite; plant metabolite
n-heptane Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).	2	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite
3-o-methylglucose 3-O-Methylglucose: A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504). 3-O-methyl-D-glucose : A D-aldohexose that is D-glucose in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 3 has been substituted by a methyl group. It is a non-metabolisable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase and is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems.	2.5	2	0	D-aldohexose derivative
potassium cyanide [no description available]	2.4	2	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	8.27	5	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	2.17	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.	2.48	2	0	adamantanes; polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	3.13	4	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	2.25	1	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	4.11	2	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	3.32	6	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.	2.46	2	0	diazine; pyrimidines	Daphnia magna metabolite
nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.	1.98	1	0	organic cation
ethamivan ethamivan: minor descriptor (65-72); major descriptor (73-86); on-line search BENZAMIDES (66-86); INDEX MEDICUS search BENZAMIDES (65-72); ETHAMIVAN (73-86). etamivan : Phenol substituted at C-2 and C-4 by a methoxy group and an N,N-diethylaminocarbonyl group respectively. A respiratory stimulant drug related to nikethamide, it has now fallen largely into disuse.	2.89	3	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
diazomethane Diazomethane: A diazonium compound with the formula CH2N2.. diazomethane : The simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group.	2.21	1	0	diazo compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; poison
methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.	2.89	3	0	ergoline alkaloid
citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.	8.39	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; citrulline	Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
neopentane pediocin 5: from Pediococcus acidilactici UL5; 43 amino acid residues	2.08	1	0	alkane
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	2.44	2	0	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	3.44	7	0
cepharanthine cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.	3.25	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate: 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. Key intermediate in the formation by living cells of sulfate esters of phenols, alcohols, steroids, sulfated polysaccharides, and simple esters, such as choline sulfate. It is formed from sulfate ion and ATP in a two-step process. This compound also is an important step in the process of sulfur fixation in plants and microorganisms.. 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine bisphosphate having monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions and a sulfo group attached to the phosphate at position 5'.	2.02	1	0	acyl sulfate; adenosine bisphosphate; purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	2.89	3	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
osthol osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source	2.08	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; coumarins	metabolite
benzohydroxamic acid [no description available]	2.02	1	0
isomaltose [no description available]	7.44	15	1
caprolactone hexano-6-lactone : A epsilon-lactone that is oxepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.45	2	0	epsilon-lactone
thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.	2.08	1	0	thiazolidine
oleanolic acid [no description available]	2.1	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
hematoxylin Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.	2.41	1	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; polyphenol; tertiary alcohol	histological dye; plant metabolite
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	2.89	3	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	7.82	2	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	2.25	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
gluconic acid gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.	2.44	2	0	gluconic acid	chelator; Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	6.26	34	1	organic molecular entity
cellobiose beta-cellobiose : A cellobiose with beta configuration at the reducing-end glucose residue.	4.27	18	0	cellobiose	epitope
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	2.06	1	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
uranyl acetate uranyl acetate: used after fixation in uranaffin procedure; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	5.76	18	1	dialdehyde	biomarker
n-hexadecane n-hexadecane: structure. hexadecane : A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper.	3.27	6	0	long-chain alkane	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
magnesium carbonate magnesium carbonate: RN given refers to parent cpd (1:1). magnesium carbonate : A magnesium salt with formula CMgO3. Its hydrated forms, particularly the di-, tri-, and tetrahydrates occur as minerals.	2.07	1	0	carbonate salt; magnesium salt; one-carbon compound; organic magnesium salt	antacid; fertilizer
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.15	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
eosine yellowish-(ys) Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.	2.41	1	0	organic sodium salt; organobromine compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
resazurin resazurin: used as indicator in detection of hyposulfite (sulfoxylate); in food research (reductase test); structure	2.76	3	0	phenoxazine
tristearin tristearoylglycerol : A triglyceride that is glycerol in which all three hydroxy groups have been formally esterified with stearic acid.	2.03	1	0	triacylglycerol 54:0	Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; plant metabolite
glycerylphosphorylcholine Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed)	2.43	2	0	glycerophosphocholine
congo red Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.	2.98	4	0	bis(azo) compound
levulinic acid levulinic acid: inhibits 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5316. 4-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position.	7.11	1	0	oxopentanoic acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
galactitol [no description available]	2.38	2	0	hexitol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	3.28	6	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine Dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine: 1,4-Dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester.. 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine : A dihydropyridine that is 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by ethoxycarbonyl groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.31	1	0	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester	hepatic steatosis inducing agent
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2.06	1	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
decan-4-olide gamma-decalactone : A gamma-lactone that is oxolan-2-one substituted by a hexyl group at position 5.	2.08	1	0	gamma-lactone; tetrahydrofuranone	anticonvulsant; flavouring agent; food additive
norflurane norflurane: may replace R 12 as air-conditioning refrigerant; structure given in first source	2.21	1	0
etonitazene etonitazene: was heading 1979-94 (see under BENZIMIDAZOLES 1979-90); ETONITAZIN was see ETONITAZENE 1979-94; use BENZIMIDAZOLES to search ETONITAZENE 1979-94; narcotic analgesic similar to morphine in action; used mainly to study narcotic habituation, tolerance, and withdrawal in laboratory animals	2.89	3	0
amaranth dye Amaranth Dye: A sulfonic acid-based naphthylazo dye used as a coloring agent for foodstuffs and medicines and as a dye and chemical indicator. It was banned by the FDA in 1976 for use in foods, drugs, and cosmetics. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	1.95	1	0
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.48	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2,6-dichloroindophenol 2,6-Dichloroindophenol: A dye used as a reagent in the determination of vitamin C.. 2,6-dichloroindophenol : A quinone imine that is indophenol substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 6.. N-3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl-1,4-benzoquinone imine : 1,4-benzoquinone imine having a 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl substituent attached to the nitrogen atom.	1.98	1	0	dichlorobenzene; quinone imine
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	1.95	1	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
carmine Carmine: Coloring matter from the insect Coccus cacti L. It is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc., as a dye, and also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker.	2.02	1	0
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	2.75	3	0
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.41	1	0	alkali metal hydroxide
hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.	1.97	1	0	hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
ammonium hydroxide Ammonium Hydroxide: The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.. ammonium hydroxide : A solution of ammonia in water.	2	1	0	inorganic hydroxy compound	food acidity regulator
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	2.42	2	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	2.1	1	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	3.46	7	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tocopherols [no description available]	2.73	3	0
n-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine : An N-substituted ethylenediamine compound having 1-naphthyl as the substituent.	1.95	1	0	N-substituted diamine
stearylamine stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine.	2.13	1	0	primary aliphatic amine	film-forming compound
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile tetrachloroisophthalonitrile: structure. chlorothalonil : A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops.	1.98	1	0	aromatic fungicide; dinitrile; tetrachlorobenzene	antifungal agrochemical
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	2.6	1	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
clothiapine clothiapine: was heading 1975-94 (was see under DIBENZOTHIAZEPINES 1975-90); CLOTIAPINE was see CLOTHIAPINE 1978-94; use DIBENZOTHIAZEPINES to search CLOTHIAPINE 1975-94; antipsychotic similar to clozapine	2.89	3	0	dibenzothiazepine
benperidol Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)	2.89	3	0	aromatic ketone
7-hydroxychlorpromazine 7-hydroxychlorpromazine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.89	3	0	phenothiazines
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position.	2	1	0	azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
octachloronaphthalene Perna: A genus of freshwater mussel in the family MYTILIDAE, class BIVALVIA. It is found in tropical and warm temperate coastal waters. Most species have green in their shells.	2.07	1	0
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	4.99	8	1	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
thioflavin t thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.	3.2	5	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye
fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.	2.39	2	0	fucopyranose; L-fucose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine diphosphate galactose Uridine Diphosphate Galactose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose.. UDP-alpha-D-galactose : A UDP-D-galactose in which the anomeric centre of the galactose moiety has alpha-configuration.	2.37	2	0	UDP-D-galactose	mouse metabolite
didodecyldimethylammonium didodecyldimethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source	6.26	19	0	primary alcohol
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	2.41	1	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.	2.49	2	0	thujene	plant metabolite
mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.	5.72	27	0	D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose	metabolite
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	1.97	1	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
ecdysone [no description available]	3.51	2	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; 6-oxo steroid; ecdysteroid	prohormone
furaneol furaneol: RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation. 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3-one : A member of the class of furans that is 2,5-dimethylfuran carrying additional oxo and hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively. It has been found particularly in strawberries and other such fruits.	2.08	1	0	cyclic ketone; enol; furans	flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
streptomycin [no description available]	2.15	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
chlorophenol red chlorophenol red: used in transport studies of goldfish renal tubules; structure	2.03	1	0
metanephrine Metanephrine: Product of epinephrine O-methylation. It is a commonly occurring, pharmacologically and physiologically inactive metabolite of epinephrine.	2.41	1	0	catecholamine
enbucrilate Enbucrilate: A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental.	2.03	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; nitrile
hepes [no description available]	2.01	1	0	HEPES; organosulfonic acid
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	8.78	10	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	1.94	1	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	2.71	3	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	2.06	1	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	3.01	4	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.55	2	0	titanium group element atom
argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.	2.11	1	0	monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom	food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	3.95	11	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.	7.41	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.49	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	3.8	10	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.	2.95	4	0	elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom	micronutrient
xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.	2.43	2	0	monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	2.93	4	0	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	1.99	1	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	3.27	6	0	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	epitope
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	2.4	2	0	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available]	2.95	4	0	sodium phosphate
cesium chloride cesium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. caesium chloride : The inorganic chloride salt of caesium; each caesium ion is coordinated by eight chlorine ions.	2	1	0	inorganic caesium salt; inorganic chloride	phase-transfer catalyst; vasoconstrictor agent
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.89	3	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
ferric chloride ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents	2.54	2	0	iron coordination entity	astringent; Lewis acid
sodium pyrophosphate sodium pyrophosphate: RN refers to diphosphoric acid, tetra-Na salt; structure. sodium diphosphate : An inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations. More commonly known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt.	2.21	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	chelator; food emulsifier; food thickening agent
isopentenyladenosine Isopentenyladenosine: N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators.. N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine : A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group.	1.98	1	0	N-ribosyl-N(6)-isopentenyladenine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent; plant growth regulator; plant metabolite
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	2.71	3	0	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
sodium sulfate [no description available]	2.17	1	0	inorganic sodium salt
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	3.14	5	0	calcium phosphate
chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.	2.08	1	0	chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion	oxidising agent
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	2.67	3	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	9.03	14	0	dihydrogen
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	2.5	2	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.	3.41	7	0	deuterated compound; water	NMR solvent
sulfonyl chloride [no description available]	3.12	1	0	sulfuryl halide
glycerol 1-stearate glycerol 1-stearate: isolated from the young fronds of the bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum; structure in first source. rac-1-monostearoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-stearoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-stearoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monostearoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has stearoyl as the acyl group.	2.52	2	0	1-acylglycerol 18:0; rac-1-monoacylglycerol	algal metabolite; Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	5.49	12	0
chlorine dioxide chlorine dioxide: equal or superior to chlorine when used as wastewater disinfectant	2.21	1	0	chlorine dioxide
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	2.66	2	0	cadmium coordination entity
ferric nitrate ferric nitrate: RN given refers to Fe(+3) salt	2.13	1	0
rhamnose [no description available]	2.64	3	0	L-rhamnose
ethionine L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.	3.09	1	0	S-ethylhomocysteine	antimetabolite; carcinogenic agent
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	2.13	1	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
thenalidine thenalidine: antihistaminic, antipruritic; RN in Chemline for thenalidine calcium: 67250-62-8; structure	2.89	3	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.46	2	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
fluorides [no description available]	1.95	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
laxagetten 4,4'-diacetoxydiphenylpyridylemethane [no description available]	2.03	1	0
1-deoxynojirimycin 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.	2.01	1	0	2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol; piperidine alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.	1.99	1	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine	Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	2.89	3	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
fenitrothion Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.	2.07	1	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	5.24	16	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
dimethylacetamide hallucinogen : Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations and other alterations of mood and thinking.. N,N-dimethylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which the hydrogens attached to the N atom have been replaced by two methyl groups respectively. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.	8.06	4	0	acetamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	human metabolite
4-methoxyamphetamine 4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation	2.07	1	0
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.	2	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound	antidepressant; protein kinase agonist
alkenes [no description available]	2.87	3	0
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	5.56	22	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
dexchlorpheniramine dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer	2.89	3	0	chlorphenamine
glucaric acid Glucaric Acid: A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.. D-glucaric acid : The D-enantiomer of glucaric acid.. glucaric acid : A hexaric acid derived by oxidation of sugar such as glucose with nitric acid.	2.25	1	0	glucaric acid	antineoplastic agent
torpedo Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays.	1.98	1	0
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	2.03	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	3.52	8	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
dv 1006 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
nigericin Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.	2.03	1	0	polycyclic ether	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	7.43	2	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
amitraz amitraz: ixodicide (tick control); structure. amitraz : A tertiary amino compound that is 1,3,5-triazapenta-1,4-diene substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and 2,4-dimethylphenyl groups at positions 1 and 5.	1.97	1	0	formamidines; tertiary amino compound	acaricide; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
etoposide [no description available]	2.08	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 5 position of each benzene ring are replaced by chlorines.	2.13	1	0	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
climbazole 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one : A ketone that is butan-2-one substituted by a 4-chlorophenoxy and a 1H-imidazol-1-yl group at position 1 and 2 methyl groups at position 3.	2.89	3	0	aromatic ether; hemiaminal ether; imidazoles; ketone; monochlorobenzenes
fluorescamine Fluorescamine: A nonfluorescent reagent for the detection of primary amines, peptides and proteins. The reaction products are highly fluorescent.	2.03	1	0
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.	2.13	1	0	pyridinium ion	apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide: 7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity.	1.98	1	0	epoxide	intercalator
triadimenol triadimenol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane-1,2-diol substituted at position O1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group. A fungicide for cereals, beet and brassicas used to control a range of diseases including powdery mildew, rusts, bunts and smuts.	2.89	3	0	aromatic ether; conazole fungicide; hemiaminal ether; monochlorobenzenes; secondary alcohol; triazole fungicide	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic metabolite
nitazoxanide nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug	2.41	1	0	benzamides; carboxylic ester
amonafide xanafide: salt formulation of amonafide; DNA-intercalating agent and topoisomerase II inhibitor	2.89	3	0	isoquinolines
flupirtine flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.89	3	0	aminopyridine
chaetochromin chaetochromin: from Chaetomium spp.; RN given refers to chaetochromin A	2.89	3	0
2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline: mutagen found in broiled food; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source; frequently abbreviated as IQ in the literature. 3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-2-amine : An imidazoquinoline that is 3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and an amino group at position 2.	2.05	1	0	imidazoquinoline	carcinogenic agent
enoximone Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.	2.89	3	0	aromatic ketone
itraconazole Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.	2.21	1	0	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; N-arylpiperazine; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	2.11	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.	2.89	3	0	aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone	drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist
zanamivir Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.	2.6	1	0	guanidines	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	4.27	18	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
pyranine pyranine: structure	2.03	1	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome
gadolinium chloride gadolinium chloride: a macrophage inhibitor; reduces pulmonary injury and inflammatory mediator production induced by inhaled ozone	2.17	1	0	gadolinium coordination entity	TRP channel blocker
monoammonium molybdate ammonium molybdate: RN given refers to unspecified ammonium molybdate salt. ammonium molybdate : An ammonium salt composed of ammonium and molybdate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2.71	3	0	ammonium salt	poison
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	2.7	3	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
edda EDDA: RN given refers to parent cpd. ethylenediaminediacetic acid : An ethylenediamine derivative in which two of the four amine protons of ethylenediamine are replaced by carboxymethyl groups.	2.05	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; ethylenediamine derivative; glycine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; chelator
acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.	2.4	2	0	aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
potassium phosphate potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.	2.44	2	0	inorganic phosphate salt; inorganic potassium salt
caloreen caloreen: glucose polymer with average length of five glucose units for dietary energy supplement. dextrin : Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds.	3.09	5	0
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	5.78	27	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
aluminum phosphate aluminum phosphate: gel used as immunologic adjuvent; RN given refers to Al salt	2.07	1	0
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	6.84	27	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
anisodamine anisodamine: alkaloid isolated from Chinese solanacea plant	2.06	1	0
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.77	3	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
calanolide a calanolide A: NSC 661122 and costatolide are isomers; a novel HIV-inhibitory class of coumarin derivatives from the tropical rainforest tree, Calophyllum lanigerum (Clusiaceae); structure in first source. (+)-calanolide A : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 11,12-dihydro-2H,6H,10H-dipyrano[2,3-f:2',3'-h]chromen-2-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 12, methyl groups at positions 6, 6, 10 and 11 and a propyl group at position 4 (the 10R,11S,12S stereoisomer). Isolated from Calophyllum lanigerum var austrocoriaceum and Calophyllum brasiliense, it exhibits potent activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.	2.31	1	0	cyclic ether; delta-lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; secondary alcohol	HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; plant metabolite
thionine thionine: do not confuse with the thionins which is a class of polypeptides; RN above is for the chloride;. thionine : An organic chloride salt composed of 3,7-diaminophenothiazin-5-ium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. A strongly metachromatic dye, useful for the staining of acid mucopolysaccharides. It is also a common nuclear stain and can be used for the demonstration of Nissl substance in nerve cells of the CNS.	2	1	0
cholesteryl sulfate cholesteryl sulfate: component of human seminal plasma & spermatozoa; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer. cholesterol sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is cholesterol substituted by a sulfoxy group at position 3.	2.06	1	0	steroid sulfate	human metabolite
fluorexon fluorexon: structure	2.17	1	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
phenyl beta-d-glucopyranoside phenylglucoside: RN given refers to (beta-(D))-isomer	2.15	1	0	glycoside
gallocatechol gallocatechol: structure give in first source; RN given for (trans-(+-))-omer; inhibits DNA-dependent DNA & RNA polymerases. (+)-gallocatechin : A gallocatechin that has (2R,3S)-configuration. It is found in green tea and bananas.. gallocatechin : A catechin that is a flavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7 (the trans isomer). It is isolated from Acacia mearnsii.	2.08	1	0	gallocatechin	antioxidant; metabolite; radical scavenger
1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.02	1	0
4-nitrophenylgalactoside 4-nitrophenylgalactoside: RN refers to (beta-D)-isomer. 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside : A beta-D-galactopyranoside having a 4-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position.	2.01	1	0	beta-D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative	affinity label
salvin salvin: a biocyclic diterpenoid; from sage and rosemary (Lamiaceae)	2.41	1	0	abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; catechols; monocarboxylic acid	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; food preservative; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol : A phosphatidylglycerol in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both palmitoyl.	2.98	1	0	phosphatidylglycerol
1,2-distearoyllecithin [no description available]	3.14	5	0
nile red nile red : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-benzo[a]phenoxazin-5-one substituted at position 9 by a diethylamino group.	2.02	1	0	aromatic amine; cyclic ketone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
metaperiodate Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.	2.34	2	0	iodine oxoacid
aristeromycin aristeromycin: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,2alpha,3beta,5alpha)-isomer	2	1	0
bathophenanthroline disulfonic acid [no description available]	2.03	1	0
glucose-1-phosphate glucose-1-phosphate: RN given refers to (alpha-D-Glc)-isomer. alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate : A D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.	3.97	13	0	D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate
aloxistatin aloxistatin: a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. aloxistatin : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.	2.21	1	0	epoxide; ethyl ester; L-leucine derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticoronaviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor
indocate [no description available]	2.89	3	0
methacycline [no description available]	2.07	1	0	1,2-diglyceride
naphthalimides Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS.	2.58	2	0
N(4)-acetylsulfathiazole N(4)-acetylsulfathiazole : A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide substituted by an acetylamino group at position 4 and a 1,3-thiazol-2-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is a metabolite of sulfathiazole.	2.89	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; acetamides; sulfonamide	marine xenobiotic metabolite
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available]	2.03	1	0	phenanthroline
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.97	1	0	1,2,3-triazole
cyclizine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.59	2	0
apaflurane [no description available]	2.21	1	0
formamidine formamidine: RN given refers to parent compound. formamidine : The smallest member of the class of carboxamidines being formic acid with the O and OH groups from the carboxy function replaced by NH and NH2 groups respectively. The parent of the class of formamidines.	1.99	1	0	carboxamidine; formamidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
2,3-trimethylene-4-quinazolone 2,3-trimethylene-4-quinazolone: structure in first source	2.89	3	0	quinazolines
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	2.6	1	0	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
rilmenidine Rilmenidine: Oxazole derivative that acts as an agonist for ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION.	4.11	2	0	isourea
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	2.41	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
fructose-6-phosphate fructose-6-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. fructose 6-phosphate : A ketohexose monophosphate consisting of fructose having a phosphate group located at the 6-position.	2.41	2	0	D-fructose 6-phosphate
1,3-dimethyluric acid 1,3-dimethyluric acid : An oxopurine that is 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trionesubstituted by methyl groups at N-1 and N-3.	2.89	3	0	oxopurine	metabolite
morpholinopropane sulfonic acid 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.2 at 20 degreeC.	1.98	1	0	MOPS; morpholines; organosulfonic acid
danofloxacin [no description available]	2.89	3	0	quinolines
tyloxapol tyloxapol: non-ionic detergent with surface-active properties; incompatible with metals; surfactant also used in inhalation therapy; N1 is from CA Vol 90 Form Index; N1 in Chemline is same as synonym 8. tyloxapol : A polymeric compound resulting from the reaction of 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol with formaldehyde to give a chain in which 6-8 molecules are linked together by CH2 groups ortho to the phenolic hydroxy groups, which have then undergone reaction with oxirane to give polyoxyethyleneoxy moieties, Ar(OCH2CH2)xOH, where x = 8-10. A nonionic liquic polymer, it inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hence clearance of triglyceride from the plasma, so is used to induce hyperlipidaemia in test animals. Also used as a surfactant to aid liquefaction and removal of mucus- and pus-containing bronchopulmonary secretions.	2.06	1	0
masoprocol Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.	1.99	1	0	nordihydroguaiaretic acid	antineoplastic agent; hypoglycemic agent; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	2.97	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
nitrefazole [no description available]	2.89	3	0	imidazoles
pro-diazepam pro-diazepam: diazepam prodrug	2.25	1	0	peptide
prednisolone phosphate prednisolone phosphate: RN given refers to (11 beta)-isomer. prednisolone phosphate : A synthetic glucocorticoid resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group of prednisolone with one of the hydroxy groups of phosphoric acid. It is a prodrug for prednisolone that is activated in vivo by phosphatases.	2.52	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; glucocorticoid; steroid phosphate; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; glucocorticoid receptor agonist; prodrug
methotrimeprazine Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.	2.89	3	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; cholinergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
honokiol [no description available]	2.89	3	0	biphenyls
neamine neamine: fragment of NEOMYCIN B; structure in first source. neamine : 2-Deoxy-D-streptamine glycosylated at the 4-oxygen with a 6-amino-alpha-D-glucosaminyl group.	2.08	1	0	2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucoside; aminoglycoside	antibacterial agent
mesoporphyrin ix mesoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; mesoheme is the iron salt of mesoporphyrin IX. mesoporphyrin IX : A member of the class of mesoporphyrins obtained by formal hydrogenation of the two vinyl groups in protoporphyrin.	2	1	0
leupeptin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	bacterial metabolite; calpain inhibitor; cathepsin B inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
9-methoxyellipticine 9-methoxyellipticine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.89	3	0
3-aminophenoxazone 3-aminophenoxazone: also inhibits sulfatase; structure	2.89	3	0	phenoxazine
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	2.17	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
3-deazaneplanocin 3-deazaneplanocin: S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase antagonist	2.89	3	0
beta-amyrin beta-amyrin: alpha-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from oleanane that differs from alpha-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 20 position; RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer. beta-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants.	2.1	1	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; plant metabolite
nicosulfuron nicosulfuron: inhibits ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; Accent is DuPont brand name. nicosulfuron : A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen.	3.15	5	0	N-sulfonylurea; pyridines; pyrimidines	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
calpeptin [no description available]	2.08	1	0	amino acid amide
dauricine dauricine: RN given refers to parent cpd. dauricine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid resulting from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 4-{[(1R)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl]methyl}phenol by attachment of the phenolic oxygen of one molecule to the benzene ring of the second (ortho to the phenolic hydroxy group of the latter).	3.25	1	0	aromatic ether; bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines; phenols; tertiary amino compound	plant metabolite
tryptanthrine tryptanthrine: minor constituent of traditional Chinese medicine qing dai	2.89	3	0	alkaloid antibiotic; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
2-chlorodiazepam [no description available]	2.89	3	0
6-carboxyfluorescein 6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein	3.5	8	0	monocarboxylic acid
Polycartine B [no description available]	2.89	3	0	phenazines
ribose-5-phosphate ribose-5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.94	1	0	D-ribose 5-phosphate
rosiglitazone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
aminoquinuride dihydrochloride [no description available]	2.89	3	0
leucyl-leucyl-leucine leucyl-leucyl-leucine: RN given refers to (L-Leu-L-Leu-L-Leu)-isomer. Leu-Leu-Leu : A tripeptide formed from three L-leucine residues.	2.63	2	0	tripeptide	metabolite
n-acryloyl-tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane N-acryloyl-tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane: structure: CH2=CH-CO-NH-C(CH2OH)3	2.03	1	0
5-thio-d-glucose 5-thio-D-glucose: RN given refers to 5-thio-D-glucose	1.96	1	0
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	2.07	1	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	2.76	3	0	iditol	fungal metabolite
cadmium telluride cadmium telluride: used in radiation monitoring device	2.03	1	0
methylglucoside [no description available]	3.1	5	0
quinclorac quinclorac: an herbicide. quinclorac : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-8-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 7 have been replaced by chlorines. It is used (particularly as its dimethylamine salt, known as quinclorac-dimethylammonium) as a (rather persistent) herbicide for the post-emergence control of weeds in rice, grass and turf. It is not approved for use within the European Union.	2.41	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	agrochemical; herbicide; synthetic auxin
chlorfenapyr chlorfenapyr: an experimental pour-on formulation, a new generation pyrethroid available to producers. chlorfenapyr : A member of the class of pyrroles that is 4-bromo-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile which is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by ethoxymethyl, p-chlorophenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. A proinsecticide used for termite control and crop protection against several insects and mite pests.	2.17	1	0	hemiaminal ether; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine acaricide; organofluorine insecticide; pyrroles	proacaricide; proinsecticide
delta-tocopherol [no description available]	2.08	1	0	tocopherol; vitamin E	food antioxidant; plant metabolite
cycloartenol [no description available]	2.6	1	0	3beta-sterol; pentacyclic triterpenoid; phytosterols	plant metabolite
phospho-l-arginine phospho-L-arginine: inhibits pyruvate kinase. N(omega)-phospho-L-arginine : An arginine derivative that is L-arginine substituted by a phosphono group at N(omega)-position.	2.17	1	0	L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	animal metabolite
thioproperazine mesylate [no description available]	2.89	3	0	phenothiazines
n(6)-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenine N(6)-dimethylallyladenine : A 6-isopentenylaminopurine in which has the isopentenyl double bond is located between the 2 and 3 positions of the isopentenyl group.	2.99	4	0	6-isopentenylaminopurine	cytokinin
melezitose melezitose: structure. melezitose : A trisaccharide produced by insects such as aphids.	2.1	1	0	trisaccharide	animal metabolite
4-nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside 4-nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside: RN given refers to (alpha)-anomer; see also (beta)-anomers: 29857-05-4, 2492-87-7; cpd with unspecified anomer: 5779-46-4. 4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucoside : An alpha-D-glucoside that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy hydrogen is replaced by a 4-nitrophenyl group.	2.4	2	0	alpha-D-glucoside; C-nitro compound; monosaccharide derivative	chromogenic compound
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	3.16	5	0
6-deoxyglucose 6-deoxyglucose: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; Main Heading DEOXYGLUCOSE refers to 2-deoxyglucose	1.98	1	0	quinovose
arabitol arabitol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. arabinitol : A pentitol that is the sugar alcohol produced by the reduction of arabinose or lyxose. It is found in serum or urine of human infected with Candida albicans.. D-arabinitol : The D-enantiomer of arabinitol.	4.09	15	0	arabinitol
n-acetyltryptophanamide [no description available]	2.73	3	0	acetamides; L-tryptophan derivative; primary carboxamide; secondary carboxamide
panose panose : A trisaccharide composed of D-glucopyranose units.	1.98	1	0	trisaccharide	plant metabolite
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	3.82	10	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
4-methyl-N-(phenylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide [no description available]	2.89	3	0	sulfonamide
nitrophenylgalactosides Nitrophenylgalactosides: Includes ortho-, meta-, and para-nitrophenylgalactosides.. 2-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactoside : A beta-D-galactoside having a 2-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position.	2.01	1	0	beta-D-galactoside; C-nitro compound	chromogenic compound
zpck ZPCK: alkylates histidine residue at active center of bovine chymotrypsin	2.63	2	0
arctiin arctiin: from fruits of Arctium lappa L; RN given refers to (3R-trans)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92	2.11	1	0	glycoside; lignan
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	2.38	2	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
chlorates Chlorates: Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.	2.04	1	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate: Molecular formula CaHPO(4)-2(H2O)	2.44	2	0	calcium salt; hydrate
vitamin b 6 Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.	2.07	1	0
sr141716 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist
acrylodan [no description available]	2.01	1	0
fructose 2,6-diphosphate fructose 2,6-diphosphate: phosphofructokinase activator synthesized via Mg-ATP & fructose-6-P. beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.67	3	0	D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
(6R)-7-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-7-oxohepta-2,4-dienamide [no description available]	2.59	2	0	aromatic ketone
dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol [no description available]	2.48	2	0
hypotaurine [no description available]	7.42	2	0	aminosulfinic acid; zwitterion	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
(2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl)methanethiosulfonate (2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl)methanethiosulfonate: RN given for bromide; used in dopamine analysis	2.06	1	0
fingolimod fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.	2.89	3	0	aminodiol; primary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; CB1 receptor antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
tesmilifene [no description available]	2.89	3	0	diarylmethane
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	8.59	9	0
acetylphenylalanamide [no description available]	2.15	1	0
dodecyl-beta-d-maltoside dodecyl beta-D-maltoside : A glycoside resulting from attachment of a dodecyl group to the reducing-end anomeric centre of a beta-maltose molecule.	2.45	2	0	disaccharide derivative; glycoside	detergent
1,2-dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
brassinolide brassinolide: plant growth promoting steroidal lactone from rape pollen; RN given refers to (2alpha,3alpha,5alpha,22R,23R,24S)-isomer; structure in first source	2.21	1	0	22-hydroxy steroid; 23-hydroxy steroid; 2alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; brassinosteroid	plant growth stimulator; plant hormone
stachydrine stachydrine: RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt (S)-isomer; structure. L-proline betaine : An amino acid betaine that is L-proline zwitterion in which both of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups.	1.97	1	0	alkaloid; amino-acid betaine; N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid	food component; human blood serum metabolite; plant metabolite
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (304-313) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (304-313): from Bacillus stearothermophilus	2.17	1	0
sr 27897 SR 27897: structure given in first source; a CCK(A) receptor antagonist	2.89	3	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
3-deoxy-3-fluoro-d-glucose [no description available]	6.96	1	0
trehalose-6-phosphate [no description available]	10.28	158	0	trehalose phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
fullerene c60 Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.	2.44	2	0	fullerene	geroprotector
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	2.05	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ribulose-1,5 diphosphate ribulose-1,5 diphosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate : A ribulose phosphate that is D-ribulose attached to phosphate groups at positions 1 and 5. It is an intermediate in photosynthesis.	2.08	1	0	ribulose phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
n-(n-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine: inhibits calcium-activated neutral protease; see also record for E-64; RN given refers to (2-S-(2alpha,3beta)(R*)-isomer)	2.89	3	0	leucine derivative
dimyristoylphosphatidylserine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
norketamine norketamine: metabolite of ketamine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.89	3	0	organochlorine compound
5,5'-bis(8-(phenylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonate) [no description available]	2.21	1	0
polytrimethylene carbonate trimethylene carbonate: structure in first source	2.74	3	0
glycerophosphoethanolamine glycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine: a membrane lipid degradation product	2.05	1	0	phosphoethanolamine; sn-glycerol 3-phosphates
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.	3.74	11	0	dichlorobenzene; differentiation-inducing factor; monomethoxybenzene; resorcinols	eukaryotic metabolite; signalling molecule
rmi 12330a RMI 12330A: adenyl cyclase inhibitor in rat liver; RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; NM refers to HCl, (cis)-isomer; structure	2.04	1	0
glutamyl-valyl-asparaginyl-phenylalanyl-seryl-prolyl-asparaginyl-tryptophanamide [no description available]	2.39	2	0
glutamyl-leucyl-threonyl-phenylalanyl-threonyl-prolyl-asparaginyl-tryptophanamide [no description available]	2.7	3	0
6,6'-dicorynomycolyl trehalose [no description available]	2.79	3	0
ectoine [no description available]	6.14	15	0	1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines; carboxamidine; monocarboxylic acid; zwitterion	osmolyte
indatraline indatraline: RN given for (trans)-isomer; structure in first source	2.63	2	0	indanes
methotrexate [no description available]	8.1	4	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoarabinitol 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoarabinitol: RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha))-isomer; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
3,3'-neotrehalosadiamine 3,3'-neotrehalosadiamine: from bacterial strain K169-B91; structure given in first source. 3,3'-neotrehalosadiamine : An amino disaccharide consisting of alpha- and beta-D-kanosaminyl residues joined by a (1<->1)-linkage.	4.62	8	0	amino disaccharide; glycosyl glycoside derivative	antimicrobial agent; metabolite
salvinorin a salvinorin A: from the herb, Salvia divinorum	2.21	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organooxygen compound	metabolite; oneirogen
n-acetylglutaminylglutamine amide N-acetylglutaminylglutamine amide: accumulated during osmotic stress in Rhizobium meliloti	2.69	3	0	dipeptide
4-diethoxyphosphorylmethyl-n-(4-bromo-2-cyanophenyl)benzamide 4-diethoxyphosphorylmethyl-N-(4-bromo-2-cyanophenyl)benzamide: increases lipoprotein lipase activity with resulting elevation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol	2.89	3	0
n,n-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide N,N-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide: binds with high affinity to glial mitochondrial diazepam binding inhibitor receptors & increases mitochondrial steroidogenesis	2.89	3	0	phenylindole
l 741626 3-(4-(4-chlorophenyl-4-hydroxypiperidino)methyl)indole: structure in first source	2.89	3	0	piperidines
aspartame [no description available]	2.46	2	0	carboxylic acid; dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; methyl ester	apoptosis inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; micronutrient; nutraceutical; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	9.62	27	0	D-xylose
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	8.83	64	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.17	1	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
glucosyl fluoride glucosyl fluoride: RN given refers to (alpha-D)-isomer	6.97	1	0
dx 8951 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
ribulose ribulose: 5-carbon keto sugar; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search PENTOSES (75-85); RN given refers to (erythro)-isomer	2.05	1	0	ribulose	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
sorbitol 6-phosphate D-glucitol 6-phosphate : The 6-O-phospho derivative of D-glucitol.	2	1	0	alditol 6-phosphate; glucitol phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
2',4'-dinitrophenylglucopyranoside 2',4'-dinitrophenylglucopyranoside: substrate of exoglucanase	2	1	0
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	2.11	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.75	3	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
lactitol lactitol : A glycosyl alditol consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose and D-glucitol joined by a 1->4 glycosidic bond. It is used as a laxative, as an excipient, and as replacement bulk sweetener in some low-calorie foods.	2	1	0	glycosyl alditol	cathartic; excipient; laxative
adenosine 3'-phosphate-5'-phosphate adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate : An adenosine bisphosphate having two monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions.	2.02	1	0	adenosine bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
tipifarnib [no description available]	2.89	3	0	imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound; quinolone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	2.6	1	0	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.	2.89	3	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.	2.04	1	0	carbodiimide
liensinine liensinine: RN given for (R-(R,R))-isomer	3.25	1	0	isoquinolines
chrysamine g chrysamine G: structure given in first source; RN refers to disodium salt	2.07	1	0
alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-diphosphate alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-diphosphate: structure given in first source	3.22	6	0
leucrose leucrose: RN given refers to all (D)-isomer. leucrose : A glycosylfructose consisting of an alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residue joined to D-fructopyranose via a (1->5)-linkage. An isomer of sucrose.	2.42	2	0
avasimibe [no description available]	2.89	3	0	monoterpenoid
maltose 1-phosphate maltose 1-phosphate : A maltose phosphate having the phosphate group located at the 1-position.	7.49	2	0	maltose phosphate
magnesium mesoporphyrin [no description available]	2	1	0
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	6.98	1	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	2.11	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium: structure given in first source. 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium : A 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium in which the alkyl substituent at C-1 is ethyl.	2.11	1	0	1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium
galactosucrose galactosucrose: a non-digestible trisaccharide produced from lactose and sucrose by beta-fructofuranosidase	2.17	1	0
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	3.08	4	0
l 163191 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
dizocilpine [no description available]	2.89	3	0	secondary amino compound; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	2.17	1	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
maltotriose Porcelite: a light-cured composite resin. alpha-maltotriose : A maltotriose trisaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the pyranose ring form and has alpha configuration at the anomeric carbon atom..	9.65	8	0	maltotriose trisaccharide	human metabolite
isofloridoside isofloridoside: RN given refers to parent cpd. isofloridoside : A galactosylglycerol that is glycerol in which one of the primary hydroxy groups has been converted into the corresponding alpha-D-galactopyranoside.	3.21	1	0	alpha-D-galactoside; galactosylglycerol
glucosylsucrose glucosylsucrose: principle constituent of coupling sugar which is prepared from starch & sucrose; similar taste to cane sugar. erlose : A trisaccharide consisting of sucrose having an alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residue attached at the 4-position of the glucose ring.	2.03	1	0	trisaccharide
s-benzylcysteine [no description available]	2.89	3	0	S-aryl-L-cysteine zwitterion
tunicamine tunicamine: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
chelidonine chelidonine: benzophenanthridine derived from scoulerine from Chelidonium majus; RN given refers to parent cpd (chelidonine, (5bR-(5balpha,6beta,12alpha))-isomer)	2.89	3	0	alkaloid antibiotic; alkaloid fundamental parent; benzophenanthridine alkaloid
lapatinib [no description available]	2.89	3	0	furans; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; quinazolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
trehalosamine trehalosamine: strucure in first source	3.81	3	0	amino disaccharide; glycosyl glycoside derivative
roxindole [no description available]	2.89	3	0	indoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic drug
conidendrin [no description available]	2.89	3	0
santonin Santonin: Anthelmintic isolated from the dried unexpanded flower heads of Artemisia maritima and other species of Artemisia found principally in Russian and Chinese Turkestan and the Southern Ural region. (From Merck, 11th ed.)	2.41	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; santonin	plant metabolite
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.	2.31	1	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
erythritol [no description available]	3.8	11	0	butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol	antioxidant; human metabolite; plant metabolite
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	2.46	2	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.52	2	0	2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
Porfiromycine [no description available]	2.89	3	0	mitomycin
pheophorbide a pheophorbide a: split product of chlorophyll obtained by saponification of pheophytin	2.08	1	0
potassium bromide potassium bromide : A metal bromide salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.01	1	0	potassium salt
nsc 95397 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	1,4-naphthoquinones
4-methyl-2-quinazolinamine 4-methyl-2-quinazolinamine: from Streptomyces of TCM plant; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
2-glycineamide-5-chlorophenyl-2-pyrryl ketone [no description available]	2.89	3	0
wortmannin [no description available]	2.52	2	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
niguldipine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.63	2	0
mdl 25637 MDL 25637: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
2,5-bis(5-hydroxymethyl-2-thienyl)furan [no description available]	2.89	3	0	thiophenes
taurochenodeoxycholic acid Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.	2.15	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	2.89	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
bardoxolone methyl methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oate: structure in first source	2.21	1	0	cyclohexenones
secalonic acid secalonic acid: consists of 4 acids (A,C,D,E) differing only in their stereochemistry; RN given is for parent cpd; structure	2.21	1	0
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	3.13	5	0
carboplatin [no description available]	2.07	1	0
Destruxin B [no description available]	2.89	3	0	cyclodepsipeptide
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.	1.99	1	0	inorganic chloride; lithium salt	antimanic drug; geroprotector
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	10.7	200	1
xylulose-5-phosphate, (d)-isomer D-xylulose 5-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of xylulose 5-phosphate.	2.06	1	0	xylulose 5-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
sorbose sorbopyranose : The pyranose form of sorbose.. L-sorbopyranose : The L-stereoisomer of sorbopyranose.	2.64	3	0	L-sorbose; sorbopyranose
arabinose [no description available]	3.58	9	0	L-arabinose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
mannose-6-phosphate beta-D-mannose 6-phosphate : A D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.15	1	0	D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	2.48	2	0	peptide
amylopectin Amylopectin: A highly branched glucan in starch.. amylopectin : A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues.	1.95	1	0
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	3.23	6	0	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
carnosine polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth	3.51	7	0	amino acid zwitterion; dipeptide	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Daphnia magna metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.	1.97	1	0	3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
lyxose D-lyxose : Any lyxose having D-configuration.. D-lyxopyranose : The pyranose form of D-lyxose.	2.08	1	0	D-lyxose
raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.	6.6	63	0	raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	2.77	3	0
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	7.58	2	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
laminaran beta-1,3-glucan: component of fungal cell walls; also used as antitumor polysaccharide; unspecified D usually means BETA-GLUCANS; beta-1,3-D-glucan is also available; glucan phosphate is also available; biosynthesis is inhibited by echinocandins (cyclic hexapeptides). laminarin : A polysaccharide composed of beta-(1->3)-linked glucose residues containing sporadic beta-(1->6)-linkages as branch points or inter-residue linkages and 2-3% D-mannitol at some reducing termini.	2.47	2	0
d-tagatose D-tagatopyranose : The pyranose form of D-tagatose.	9.38	3	0	D-tagatose
amylodextrins amylodextrin : A linear dextrin or short chained amylose (DP 20-30) that can be produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of the alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds or debranching amylopectin.	2.03	1	0	maltose
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.	2	1	0	myo-inositol trisphosphate	mouse metabolite
salicin [no description available]	2.02	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; aryl beta-D-glucoside; benzyl alcohols	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
allose [no description available]	7.25	1	0	allopyranose; D-allose	antioxidant
stachyose stachyose: RN given refers to parent cpd. stachyose : A tetrasaccharide consisting of sucrose having an alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactosyl moiety attached at the 6-position of the glucose.	8.12	5	0	raffinose family oligosaccharide; tetrasaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.	7.25	1	0	taxifolin	metabolite
isomaltulose 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose : A glycosylfructose that is D-fructofuranose attached to a alpha-D-glucopyranosyl unit at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage. It is found in honey and sugarcane.	6.06	8	1	glycosylfructose	animal metabolite; plant metabolite; sweetening agent
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone.	2.89	3	0	alpha-chloroketone; sulfonamide	alkylating agent; serine proteinase inhibitor
isomaltotriose isomaltotriose: RN given refers to all D-isomer. isomaltotriose : A glucotriose consisting of two alpha-D-glucopyranose residues and a D-glucopyranose residue joined in sequence by (1->6) glycosidic bonds.	1.98	1	0	glucotriose
1-kestose 1-kestose: sugar found in vegetables; structure given in first source. 1-kestose : A trisaccharide found in vegetables consisting of beta-D-fructofuranose having beta-D-fructofuranosyl and alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residues attached at the 1- and 2-positions respectively.	2.05	1	0	trisaccharide
3-ketosucrose 3-ketosucrose: intermediate in production of 3-amino-3-deoxysucrose; RN given refers to (alpha-D-hexopyranoside & beta-D-fructofuranose)-isomers; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 7/89. 3-ketosucrose : A glycosyl glycoside which is an intermediate in the breakdown of sucrose. The structure is that of sucrose in which the glucosyl 3-hydroxy group has been reduced to a keto group.	1.97	1	0	glycosyl glycoside; keto-disaccharide
arbutin hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.95	4	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
fructans (2->6)-beta-D-fructan : A fructan compound consisting of repeating (2->6)-beta-linked fructofuranose units.	4.56	4	0
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.44	2	0	cellotriose
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	2.46	2	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.	2.03	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
phalloidine Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge.	2.08	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
genipin [no description available]	2.11	1	0	iridoid monoterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; hepatotoxic agent; uncoupling protein inhibitor
validamycin a validamycin A : A member of the class of validamycins that is (1R,2S,3S,4S,6R)-4-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane-1,2,3-triol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 has been converted to its beta-D-glucoside and in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a (1R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl group. It is the major validamycin produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.	5.06	12	0	antibiotic fungicide; polyol; secondary amino compound; validamycins	antifungal agrochemical; EC 2.4.1.231 [alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase (configuration-retaining)] inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.64 (alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.28 (alpha,alpha-trehalase) inhibitor
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	4.01	13	0	cyclodextrin
maleic acid maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.	2.42	2	0	butenedioic acid	algal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.	2.41	2	0	acyl-CoA	acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	2.41	1	0	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
ergosterol [no description available]	3.76	10	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES	2.21	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.41	1	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	2.46	2	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha-cyclodextrin alpha-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of six alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.	7.4	2	0	cyclodextrin
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA : An alpha,omega dicarboxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid.. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA : A 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA where the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl component has (S)-configuration.	2.05	1	0	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA; 3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	9.86	5	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	2.11	1	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
1,2-dilauroylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-dilauroylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+) : A A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+) that is the dilauroyl diester of phosphatidiylcholine.	2.44	2	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)
palmitoleic acid hexadecenoate : A long-chain unsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of hexadecenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.07	1	0	hexadec-9-enoic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human blood serum metabolite
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	3.12	5	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	2.11	1	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	3.02	4	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	2.46	2	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
lycopene [no description available]	2.03	1	0	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
y 27632 Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.	2.25	1	0	aromatic amide
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	1.96	1	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
zeatin Zeatin: An aminopurine factor in plant extracts that induces cell division. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dict, 5th ed)	2.25	1	0	zeatin	plant metabolite
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).	2.11	1	0
cefamandole Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.	2.03	1	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	1.97	1	0	actinomycin	mutagen
sitafloxacin [no description available]	2.21	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolines; quinolone antibiotic
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	2.94	4	0	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
micafungin Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.	2.21	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin	antiinfective agent
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	3.58	2	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
maltitol maltitol : An alpha-D-glucoside consisting of D-glucitol having an alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 4-position. Used as a sugar substitute.	7.5	2	0	alpha-D-glucoside; glycosyl alditol	laxative; metabolite; sweetening agent
2'-c-methylcytidine 2'-C-methylcytidine: structure in first source	2.89	3	0
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	2.95	4	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
sodium chlorate sodium chlorate : An inorganic sodium salt that has chlorate as the counter-ion. An oxidising agent, it is used for bleaching paper and as a herbicide. It is also used in the manufacture of dyes, explosives and matches.	2.04	1	0	chlorate salt; inorganic sodium salt	herbicide
potassium acetate Potassium Acetate: A potassium salt used to replenish ELECTROLYTES, for restoration of WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, as well as a urinary and systemic alkalizer, which can be administered orally or by intravenous infusion. Formerly, it was used in DIURETICS and EXPECTORANTS.. potassium acetate : A potassium salt comprising equal numbers of potassium and acetate ions	2.01	1	0	potassium salt	food acidity regulator
sodium acetate, anhydrous Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.	2.44	2	0	organic sodium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound
jp-1302 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	2.21	1	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
7-chloro-5,10-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,5]benzodiazepin-4-one [no description available]	2.89	3	0	benzodiazepine
tenatoprazole Tenatoprazole: structure in first source	2.89	3	0	imidazopyridine
glycosides [no description available]	11.17	18	0
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	3.05	1	0	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	3.7	10	0	isomethyleugenol
squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate	2.71	3	0	triterpene	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	4.39	3	0	stilbene
sorbic acid Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.	2	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; sorbic acid
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	2.05	1	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.	2.6	1	0	olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols	antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite
sucrose-6-phosphate [no description available]	2.83	3	0	disaccharide phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	2.49	2	0	diphosphate ion
palmitoyl coenzyme a Palmitoyl Coenzyme A: A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.. palmitoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the thiol group of coenzyme A.	2.05	1	0	11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA; 3-substituted propionyl-CoA; long-chain fatty acyl-CoA; palmitoyl bioconjugate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
s 1033 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; imidazoles; pyridines; pyrimidines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
5-[(2-fluoroanilino)methyl]-8-quinolinol [no description available]	2.89	3	0	hydroxyquinoline
amygdalin [no description available]	2.04	1	0
benidipine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.59	2	0
benidipine benidipine: RN refers to (R,R)-(+-)-isomer	2.21	1	0
isopropyl thiogalactoside Isopropyl Thiogalactoside: A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.. isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside : An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.	2.4	2	0	S-glycosyl compound
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	2.01	1	0	oligopeptide	anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylamino)-5-spiro[1,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazoline-4,1'-cyclopentane]one [no description available]	2.89	3	0	quinazolines
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.41	2	0
chlorprothixene (E)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts an (E)-configuration.	2.89	3	0	chlorprothixene
jrf 12 N2,N4-dibenzylquinazoline-2,4-diamine: a selective, potent, reversible, and ATP-competitive p97 inhibitor	2.89	3	0
5-amino-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1-thieno[3,4-d]pyridazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester [no description available]	2.89	3	0	methoxybenzenes; substituted aniline
n-acetyltyrosylamide N-acetyltyrosylamide: substrate for lactoperoxidase; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	2.15	1	0
3-hydroxypyridine, sodium salt [no description available]	2.89	3	0
N-(3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophen-2-yl)-1-naphthalenecarboxamide [no description available]	2.89	3	0	naphthalenecarboxamide
5-[(2-bromoanilino)methyl]-8-quinolinol [no description available]	2.89	3	0	hydroxyquinoline
3-amino-n-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4,6-dimethylthieno(2,3-b)pyridine-2-carboxamide 3-amino-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4,6-dimethylthieno(2,3-b)pyridine-2-carboxamide: structure in first source	2.89	3	0
N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-(1-piperidinyl)aniline [no description available]	2.89	3	0	aromatic amine
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	2.57	2	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
1-[4-(4-bromophenyl)-2-thiazolyl]-4-piperidinecarboxamide [no description available]	2.89	3	0	piperidinecarboxamide
5-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]methyl]-8-quinolinol [no description available]	2.89	3	0	hydroxyquinoline
N-[3-[2-[(4-methyl-2-pyridinyl)amino]-4-thiazolyl]phenyl]acetamide [no description available]	2.89	3	0	acetamides; anilide
5-bromo-N-(5-cyclohexyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide [no description available]	2.89	3	0	aromatic amide; thiophenes
6-amino-1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-sulfanylidene-4-pyrimidinone [no description available]	2.89	3	0	dimethoxybenzene
N-[4-[(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)sulfamoyl]phenyl]-6,8-dimethyl-2-(2-pyridinyl)-4-quinolinecarboxamide [no description available]	2.89	3	0	aromatic amide
N-[5-[(4-chlorophenoxy)methyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolecarboxamide [no description available]	2.89	3	0	aromatic ether
3-chloro-1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-(1-piperidinyl)pyrrole-2,5-dione [no description available]	2.89	3	0	maleimides
Src Inhibitor-1 Src Inhibitor-1 : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at position 4 by a p-phenoxyanilino group and at positions 6 and 7 by methoxy groups. It is a potent, competitive dual site (both the ATP- and peptide-binding) Src kinase inhibitor. Src Inhibitor-1 is one of the 'gold standards' for Src kinase inhibition that has been shown to use PP1 or PP2 in parallel with Src-I1 to inhbit Src family kinases.	2.89	3	0	aromatic ether; polyether; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-6-propyl-2-sulfanylidene-7,8-dihydro-5H-pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4-one [no description available]	2.89	3	0	dimethoxybenzene
2-phenyl-N-[4-(2-thiazolylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-4-quinolinecarboxamide [no description available]	2.89	3	0	quinolines
3-(2,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrrolyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepine [no description available]	2.89	3	0	pyrroles
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	7	1	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	8.49	65	1	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
tempo TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively.	2.11	1	0	aminoxyls; piperidines	catalyst; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
tamoxifen [no description available]	2.52	2	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
nadp [no description available]	2.98	4	0
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.81	3	0
bi-78d3 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	aryl sulfide
8-azidoethidium 8-azidoethidium: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.1	1	0
kartogenin kartogenin: promotes chondrocyte differentiation; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
krn 7000 KRN 7000: has an alpha-galactosylceramide structure; structure given in first source. alpha-galactosylceramide : A galactosylceramide in which the galactosyl residue has alpha anomeric conofiguration.. 1-O-(alpha-D-galactosyl)-N-hexacosanoylphytosphingosine : A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactosyl residue at the O-1 position and a hexacosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.	3.19	1	0	glycophytoceramide; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylphytosphingosine	allergen; antigen; antineoplastic agent; epitope; immunological adjuvant
toremifene Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.	2.21	1	0	aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amine	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.11	1	0	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
laccase Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.	2.31	1	0
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	4.73	5	0	alkali metal atom
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	2.54	2	0	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester [no description available]	2.01	1	0
galactose-6-phosphate galactose-6-phosphate: RN given refers to D-isomer	1.94	1	0	D-galactose 6-phosphate	metabolite
cystine [no description available]	2.08	1	0
vx-745 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	aryl sulfide; dichlorobenzene; difluorobenzene; pyrimidopyridazine	anti-inflammatory drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).	2.89	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
1,2-bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)phosphatidylcholine 1,2-bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)phosphatidylcholine: constituent of lipid tubules	1.97	1	0
zd 6474 CH 331: structure in first source	2.89	3	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
hypertrehalosemic neuropeptide hypertrehalosemic neuropeptide: from the German cockroach (Blattella germanica), Blaberus discoidalis, & Nauphoeta cinerea	7.39	2	0
dakh peptide DAKH peptide: from the blowfly Phormia terraenovae & Drosophila melanogaster; charged adipokinetic-hormone-family peptide	2.11	1	0
di-myo-inositol-1,1'-phosphate di-myo-inositol-1,1'-phosphate: isolated from the Archaebacteria Pyrococcus woesei; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	2.13	1	0
N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-[(5-fluoro-2-oxo-1H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide [no description available]	2.63	2	0	indoles
nih-12848 NIH-12848: inhibits phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase gamma; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
2,4-dioxo-3-pentyl-N-[3-(1-piperidinyl)propyl]-1H-quinazoline-7-carboxamide [no description available]	2.89	3	0	quinazolines
[1-(3-methylphenyl)-5-benzimidazolyl]-(1-piperidinyl)methanone [no description available]	2.89	3	0	benzimidazoles
2-[[(6-bromo-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)thio]methyl]benzonitrile [no description available]	2.89	3	0	imidazopyridine
3-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-8-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one [no description available]	2.89	3	0	aromatic ketone
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	3.44	7	0
4-[[7-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-8-purinyl]methyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester [no description available]	2.89	3	0	oxopurine
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	8.55	8	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
N,N-dimethylcarbamodithioic acid (1-acetamido-2,2,2-trichloroethyl) ester [no description available]	2.89	3	0	organonitrogen compound; organosulfur compound
6-bromo-2-(4-methylphenyl)-N-[(1-methyl-4-pyrazolyl)methyl]-4-quinolinecarboxamide [no description available]	2.89	3	0	quinolines
LSM-1924 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organooxygen compound
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	3.4	7	0
ferrostatin-1 ferrostatin-1: inhibits ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death; structure in first source. ferrostatin-1 : An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-amino-4-(cyclohexylamino)benzoic acid with ethanol. It is a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis, a distinct non-apoptotic form of cell death caused by lipid peroxidation. It is also a radical-trapping antioxidant and has the ability to reduce the accumulation of lipid peroxides and chain-carrying peroxyl radicals.	2.89	3	0	ethyl ester; primary arylamine; substituted aniline	antifungal agent; antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radiation protective agent; radical scavenger
6-(2-methyl-1-piperidinyl)-5-nitro-4-pyrimidinamine [no description available]	2.89	3	0	C-nitro compound
hydroxyethylcellulose hydroxyethylcellulose: component of contact lens wetting solutions; aldiamed is an artificial saliva; RN given refers to parent cpd. hydroxyethylcellulose : A polysaccharide derivative that is cellulose in which hydroxyethyl groups are bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers.	2.71	3	0
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	7.01	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
kojibiose [no description available]	2.99	4	0
rabeprazole(1-) [no description available]	2.63	2	0	organic nitrogen anion
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	7.08	1	0
ncgc00099374 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
2-nitro-4-[(6-nitro-4-quinolinyl)amino]-N-[4-(pyridin-4-ylamino)phenyl]benzamide [no description available]	2.89	3	0	benzamides
isoliensinine isoliensinine: isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine lotus plumule; structure in first source	3.25	1	0	isoquinolines
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	2.01	1	0	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	3.54	7	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
sterigmatocystin [no description available]	2.76	2	0	sterigmatocystins	metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	2.89	3	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.93	4	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
quercitrin [no description available]	2.15	1	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antileishmanial agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2.9	3	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
11-cis-retinal Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.	2.4	2	0	retinal	chromophore; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
furylfuramide Furylfuramide: Used formerly as antimicrobial food additive. It causes mutations in many cell cultures and may be carcinogenic.. (Z)-2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide : A member of the class of acrylamides that is acrylamide which is substituted at positions 2 and 3 by 2-furyl and 5-nitro-2-furyl groups, respectively (the trans isomer). Formerly used as a food preservative, it was withdrawn from the market following suspicions of carcenogenicity.	2.6	1	0	acrylamides; C-nitro compound; nitrofuran antibiotic; primary carboxamide
cyclosporine [no description available]	2.21	1	0
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	4.22	2	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	2.72	2	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	2.89	3	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.	2.07	1	0	linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
genistein [no description available]	4.22	4	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	8.65	9	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	2.82	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
mycophenolate mofetil mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	2.89	3	0	carboxylic ester; ether; gamma-lactone; phenols; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
jasmonic acid jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.	3.35	5	0	oxo monocarboxylic acid	jasmonates; plant metabolite
bruceantin [no description available]	2.89	3	0	triterpenoid
cucurbitacin b [no description available]	2.25	1	0	cucurbitacin; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
esculin [no description available]	1.98	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; hydroxycoumarin	antioxidant; metabolite
humulene humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.	2.6	1	0	alpha-humulene
amentoflavone [no description available]	2.03	1	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; plant metabolite
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	2.89	3	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	2.89	3	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
neticonazole neticonazole: RN refers to (E)-isomer. neticonazole : An enamine that is ethene which is substituted at positions 1, 1, and 2 by o-pentoxyphenyl, 1H-imidazol-1-yl, and methylthio groups, respectively (the E isomer). An inhibitor of P450-dependent C-14alpha-demethylation of lanosterol (preventing conversion to ergosterol and inhibiting cell wall synthesis in fungi), it is used in Japan (generally as the corresponding hydrochloride salt) as an antifungal drug for the treatment of superficial skin infections.	2.89	3	0	aromatic ether; benzenes; conazole antifungal drug; enamine; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; methyl sulfide	antifungal drug; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	1.99	1	0	4-hydroxynon-2-enal; 4-hydroxynonenal
11-hexadecenal 11-hexadecenal: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 10/89	2.06	1	0
N-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoylethanolamine synaptamide: structurally similar to the endocannabinoid N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide). N-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoylethanolamine : An N-acylethanolamine 22:6 that is the ethanolamide of (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid.	2.89	3	0	endocannabinoid; N-acylethanolamine 22:6
n-oleoylethanolamine N-oleoylethanolamine: ceramidase inhibitor. oleoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of oleic acid. The monounsaturated analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide.	2.89	3	0	endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-acylethanolamine 18:1	EC 3.5.1.23 (ceramidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
ubiquinone 8 [no description available]	2.25	1	0	ubiquinones	biomarker
3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5h-pyrido(4,3-b)indole 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido(4,3-b)indole: structure	2.05	1	0	pyridoindole
diminazene aceturate diminazene diaceturate : An N-acetylglycinate salt resulting from the reaction of diminazene with 2 mol eq. of N-acetylglycine.	2.04	1	0	N-acetylglycinate salt	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.	2.41	1	0	phylloquinones; vitamin K	cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	8.15	21	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
alpha-zearalenol [no description available]	2.89	3	0	macrolide
su 9516 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
xylulose [no description available]	2	1	0	xylulose	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
N-(4-bromo-3-methylphenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine [no description available]	2.89	3	0	triazolopyrimidines
sb 277011 SB 277011: structure in first source	2.89	3	0
lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.	2.11	1	0	1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
obelin obelin: calcium-sensitive photoprotein obtained from the hydroid Obelia geniculata	1.99	1	0
sb 223412 SB 223412: SB-223412 is the (S)-(-)-isomer; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
sr 59230a [no description available]	2.89	3	0	tetralins
3-[6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)anilino]-4-pyrimidinyl]benzamide [no description available]	2.89	3	0	pyrimidines
kn 62 KN 62: inhibitor of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	2.89	3	0	piperazines
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.	3.41	7	0	phosphatidylcholine(1+)
MeJA [no description available]	2.89	3	0	Jasmonate derivatives
trilinolein trilinolein: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. 1,2,3-trilinoleoylglycerol : A triglyceride formed by acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with linoleic acid.	1.96	1	0	1,2-diacyl-3-linoleoylglycerol; 1,3-diacyl-2-linoleoylglycerol; linoleoyl containing 1,2,3-triacyl-sn-glycerol; TG(18:2/18:2/18:2); triglyceride	mouse metabolite
1h-pyrrole-2,5-dione, 3-(1-methyl-1h-indol-3-yl)-4-(1-methyl-6-nitro-1h-indol-3-yl)- 1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, 3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-4-(1-methyl-6-nitro-1H-indol-3-yl)-: structure in first source	2.89	3	0
pd 161570 PD 161570: structure in first source	2.89	3	0
su 11248 [no description available]	2.15	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
palbociclib [no description available]	2.89	3	0	aminopyridine; aromatic ketone; cyclopentanes; piperidines; pyridopyrimidine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
jnj-7706621 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	sulfonamide
ergothioneine ergothioneine thione form : A L-histidine derivative that is N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the imdazole ring is replaced by a thioxo group.	2.06	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; amino-acid betaine; L-histidine derivative; sulfur-containing amino acid	antioxidant; chelator; fungal metabolite; plant metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	2.21	1	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	2.42	2	0	alkali metal atom
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	2.02	1	0	alkali metal atom
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	2.46	2	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	2.02	1	0	alkaline earth metal atom
alternariol alternariol: structure. alternariol : A benzochromenone that is 6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, and 9. It is the most important mycotoxin produced by the black mould Alternaria species, which are the most common mycoflora infecting small grain cereals worldwide.	2.08	1	0	benzochromenone; phenols	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.41	2	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.	2.03	1	0	boron group element atom
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	8.16	5	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
glyceryl behenate 1-behenoylglycerol : A fatty acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group at position-1 of glycerol with the carboxy group of docosanoic acid.	2.21	1	0	1-monoglyceride; fatty acid ester	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
methoprene Methoprene: Juvenile hormone analog and insect growth regulator used to control insects by disrupting metamorphosis. Has been effective in controlling mosquito larvae.	2.44	2	0	isopropyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate; isopropyl ester	juvenile hormone mimic
plastoquinone [no description available]	2.11	1	0	plastoquinone
diphenylhexatriene Diphenylhexatriene: A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids.	1.98	1	0	alkatriene	fluorochrome
bedaquiline bedaquiline: a diarylquinoline Antitubercular Agent. bedaquiline : A quinoline-based antimycobacterial drug used (as its fumarate salt) for the treatment of pulmonary multi-drug resistant tuberculosis by inhibition of ATP synthase, an enzyme essential for the replication of the mycobacteria.	2.31	1	0	aromatic ether; naphthalenes; organobromine compound; quinolines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antitubercular agent; ATP synthase inhibitor
virginiamycin factor s1 virginiamycin factor S1: a component of VIRGINIAMYCIN; was EP to VIRGINIAMYCIN 1992-2001. virginiamycin S1 : A cyclodepsipeptide that is N-(3-hydroxypicolinoyl)-L-threonyl-D-alpha-aminobutyryl-L-prolyl-N-methyl-L-phenylalanyl-4-oxo-L-pipecoloyl-L-2-phenylglycine in which the carboxy group of the 2-phenylglycine moiety has undergone formal intramolecular condensation with the hydroxy group of the N-(3-hydroxypicolinoyl)-L-threonyl to give the corresponding 19-membered ring lactone. It is one of the two major components of the antibacterial drug virginiamycin, produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others.	2.89	3	0	cyclodepsipeptide; macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).	9.11	15	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 28:0; tetradecanoate ester	antigen; mouse metabolite
ecdysterone Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.	3.14	4	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; ecdysteroid; phytoecdysteroid	animal metabolite; plant metabolite
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	2.45	2	0	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
turanose turanose : A glycosylfructose isolated from Daphnia magna.	7.7	3	0	glycosylfructose	Daphnia magna metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	8.57	7	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	9.05	4	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
n-acetylmuramic acid N-acetylmuramic acid: RN given refers to D-Glucopyranose, (R)-isomer. N-acetyl-D-muramic acid : The pyranose form of N-acetylmuramic acid.	2.6	1	0	N-acetylmuramic acid
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	3.53	8	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	7.41	1	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
pepstatin pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin	2.45	2	0	pentapeptide; secondary carboxamide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
tyrosyl-alanyl-glycine tyrosyl-alanyl-glycine: RN given refers to unlabeled (L-Tyr-D-Ala)-isomer	2.31	1	0
fenoterol fenoterol hydrobromide : The hydrobromide salt of fenoterol. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	2.63	2	0	hydrobromide	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.	10.62	21	0	2-trans-abscisic acid
xib 4035 XIB 4035: a GFRalpha-1 agonist; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	2.03	1	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
cinidon-ethyl Lotus: A genus of the PEA FAMILY. The genus Lotus, formerly known as Tetragonolobus, is unrelated to other plants with the common name of lotus (NELUMBO and NYMPHAEA).. cinidon ethyl : A carboxylic ester and organochlorine compound that is the ethyl ester of cinidon.	2.8	3	0	ethyl ester; isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes	herbicide
1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine 1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to (E,E)-isomer; member of a class of cationic lipid formulations called cytofectins	2.39	2	0
gw-5074 [no description available]	2.21	1	0
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	2.42	2	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
c.i. fluorescent brightening agent 28 4,4'-bis({4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino)stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid : An organosulfonic acid comprising stilbene having 4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino groups at the 4 and 4'-positions and sulfo groups at the 2- and 2'-positions.	2.05	1	0
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	7.42	2	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	2.03	1	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	2.17	1	0
antimycin a Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.	2	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer	3.29	6	0
latrunculin b latrunculin B: 14-membered macrolide attached to 2-thiazolidinone moiety; from Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica; see also latrunculin A; structure given in first source. latrunculin B : A macrolide consisting of a 14-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica.	2.08	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide; oxabicycloalkane; thiazolidinone	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; toxin
bafilomycin a1 bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.	2.11	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide antibiotic; oxanes	apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; fungicide; potassium ionophore; toxin
1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol [no description available]	2.01	1	0	1,2-diglyceride
involucrin involucrin: soluble precursor protein of cross-linked envelope characteristic of epidermal s. corneum synthesized by keratinocytes in natural & cultured human epithelia; see also related records for prekeratin & stratum corneum basic protein precursor	2.07	1	0
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane: fluorescent probe for phospholipids; RN & structure given in first source	2.42	2	0
1,2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine: used for premature induction of labor in rabbits; RN given refers to (all Z)-isomer	2.01	1	0
3,3'-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine 3,3'-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine: lipophilic axon tracer; RN given for iodide salt	2.03	1	0
i(3)so3-galactosylceramide Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group.	3.77	3	0	galactosylceramide sulfate; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine
belotecan belotecan: structure in first source	2.89	3	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
tanespimycin CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A	2.07	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; Hsp90 inhibitor
fm1 43 FM1 43: labels motor nerve terminals in an activity-dependent fashion that involves dye uptake by synaptic vesicles that are recycling; structure given in second source	2.03	1	0	organic bromide salt; pyridinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt; tertiary amine	fluorochrome
norgestimate [no description available]	2.89	3	0	ketoxime; steroid ester; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
melibiose alpha-D-Galp-(1->6)-alpha-D-Glcp : A glycosylglucose consisting of alpha-D-galactopyranose and alpha-D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->6) glycosidic bond.	4.05	14	0	glycosylglucose
b 43 RK-24466 : A member of the class of pyrrolopyrimidines that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by amino, 4-phenoxyphenyl, and cyclopentyl groups at positions 4, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of Lck that inhibits Lck (64-509) and LckCD isoforms (IC50 of less than 1 and 2 nM, respectively).	2.89	3	0	aromatic amine; aromatic ether; cyclopentanes; primary amino compound; pyrrolopyrimidine	EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
4-(2' methoxyphenyl)-1-(2'-(n-(2''-pyridinyl)-4-fluorobenzamido)ethyl)piperazine [no description available]	2.89	3	0
methiazole methiazole: a parasitostatic agent	2.89	3	0	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester
sb 218795 SB 218795: structure in first source	2.89	3	0	quinolines
bvt.948 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
beta-tocopherol [no description available]	2.13	1	0	tocopherol; vitamin E	food component; plant metabolite
fk 866 N-(4-(1-benzoylpiperidin-4-yl)butyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)acrylamide: inhibits nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase; structure in first source	2.21	1	0	benzamides; N-acylpiperidine
a 38503 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
ophthalmic acid ophthalmic acid: glutathione analog in which cysteine moiety is replaced by L-aminobutyrate. ophthalmic acid : A L-glutamine derivative that is L-glutamine substituted by a 1-[(carboxymethyl)amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl at the terminal amino nitrogen atom.	2.05	1	0	L-glutamine derivative	biomarker; human metabolite
parthenolide [no description available]	2.58	2	0	sesquiterpene lactone	drug allergen; inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.	2.4	2	0	phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cholanic acid cholanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomer designation. cholanic acid : A steroid acid that consists of cholane having a carboxy group in place of the methyl group at position 24.. colanic acid : A polyanionic heteropolysaccharide containing a repeat unit with D-glucose, L-fucose, D-galactose, and D-glucuronic acid sugars that are non-stoichiometrically decorated with O-acetyl and pyruvate side-chains	2.11	1	0	cholanic acids
krn 633 N-(2-chloro-4-((6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinazolinyl)oxy)phenyl)-N'-propylurea: a VEGF receptor-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	2.25	1	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
5-amino-4-oxo-3-phenyl-1-thieno[3,4-d]pyridazinecarboxylic acid [no description available]	2.89	3	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
gw 501516 GW 501516: a selective PPARdelta agonist; structure in first source. GW 501516 : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a (1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)sulfanediyl group, and in which the 1,3-thiazolyl group is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by p-trifluoromethylphenyl and methyl groups, respectively.	2.89	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; aromatic ether; aryl sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound	carcinogenic agent; PPARbeta/delta agonist
dolastatin 10 dolastatin 10: from mollusk Dolabella auricularia; contains four amino acids, dolavaline, dolaisoleucine, dolaproine, valine and the primary amine dolaphenine; deo-dolastatin 10 is a new dolastatin 10 chiral derivative with MW of 784. dolastatin 10 : A tetrapeptide that is isolated from the sea hare Dolabella auricularia. It is a potent anticancer agent which inhibits tubulin polymerization.	2.89	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; tetrapeptide	animal metabolite; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; marine metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
spc-839 SPC-839: an inhibitor of activator protein 1; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
midostaurin midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine.	2.89	3	0	benzamides; gamma-lactam; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
ursodoxicoltaurine tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.	2.15	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	anti-inflammatory agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
valnemulin [no description available]	2.63	2	0
nu 7026 2-(morpholin-4-yl)benzo(h)chromen-4-one: a radiosensitizing agent that inhibits DNA-dependent protein kinase; structure in first source	2.89	3	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organooxygen compound
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.84	3	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
osi 930 OSI 930: inhibits both receptor tyrosine kinase Kit and kinase insert domain receptor; structure in first source	2.89	3	0	aromatic amide
ticagrelor Ticagrelor: An adenosine triphosphate analogue and reversible P2Y12 PURINORECEPTOR antagonist that inhibits ADP-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used for the prevention of THROMBOEMBOLISM by patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME or a history of MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.. ticagrelor : A triazolopyrimidine that is an adenosine isostere; the cyclopentane ring is similar to ribose and the nitrogen-rich [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine moiety resembles the nucleobase adenine. A platelet aggregation inhibitor which is used for prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.	2.89	3	0	aryl sulfide; hydroxyether; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound; triazolopyrimidines	P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
l 692585 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	peptide
lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).	2.92	4	0	dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester	Escherichia coli metabolite
pi103 PI103: pyridofuropyrimidine antineoplastic; a potent inhibitor of class I phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K); structure in first soruce	2.89	3	0	aromatic amine; morpholines; organic heterotricyclic compound; phenols; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; mTOR inhibitor
nnc 26-9100 NNC 26-9100: structure in first source	2.89	3	0	aminopyridine
2-(3-chlorobenzyloxy)-6-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrazine [no description available]	2.89	3	0
tivozanib N-(2-chloro-4-((6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinolyl)oxy)phenyl)-N'-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)urea: KNR-951 is the HCl, monohydrate salt; an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source	2.89	3	0	aromatic ether
hki 272 [no description available]	2.21	1	0	nitrile; quinolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ginsenoside rg3 ginsenoside Rg3: from Red ginseng; inhibits lung metastasis of tumor cells; structure given in first source. (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.13	1	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
n-(6-chloro-7-methoxy-9h-beta-carbolin-8-yl)-2-methylnicotinamide [no description available]	2.89	3	0
tae226 TAE226: an adhesion kinase inhibitor, offers an attractive therapeutic approach in ovarian carcinoma; structure in first source	2.89	3	0	morpholines
gw0742 GW 610742: structure in first source	2.89	3	0	monocarboxylic acid
3,4-dihydro-5-(4-(1-piperidinyl)butoxy)-1(2h)-isoquinolinone [no description available]	2.08	1	0
u 18666a 3-beta-(2-(diethylamino)ethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one: inhibits cycloartenol synthase. 3beta-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of 3beta-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. It is a cholesterol synthesis and transport inhibitor.	2.89	3	0	hydrochloride	antiviral agent; EC 1.3.1.72 (Delta(24)-sterol reductase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; nicotinic antagonist; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
sb 525334 6-(2-tert-butyl-5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)quinoxaline: a TGF-betaR kinase inhibitor	2.89	3	0	quinoxaline derivative
bx795 BX795: structure in first source	2.89	3	0	ureas
tribulus Tribulus: A plant genus of the family ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Members contain steroidal saponins. Ingestion by grazing animals causes PHOTOSENSITIVITY DISORDERS called geeldikkop (yellow thick head) in South Africa.	7.31	1	0
azd 6244 AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor	2.89	3	0	benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
1-(2-(1-adamantyl)ethyl)-1-pentyl-3-(3-(4-pyridyl)propyl)urea 1-(2-(1-adamantyl)ethyl)-1-pentyl-3-(3-(4-pyridyl)propyl)urea: structure in first source	2.89	3	0
bay 61-3606 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	pyrimidines
homocarnosine homocarnosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. homocarnosine : A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group has been replaced by a 4-aminobutanoyl group.	2.1	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; homocarnosine; L-histidine derivative; N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid anion; N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid	human metabolite
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.	6.59	22	0
sd-208 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
crenolanib [no description available]	2.89	3	0	aminopiperidine; aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; oxetanes; quinolines; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
cj 033466 CJ 033466: structure in first source	2.89	3	0
cc 401 CC 401: an anthrapyrazolone	2.89	3	0	pyrazoles; ring assembly
PB28 PB28 : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin that is substituted by 3-(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 5, respectively. It is a sigma 2 (sigma2) receptor agonist (Ki = 0.68 nM) and exhibits antineoplastic and anti SARS-CoV-2 activities.	2.89	3	0	aromatic ether; piperazines; tetralins	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; sigma-2 receptor agonist
arterolane arterolane: a trioxolane with antimalarial activity; structure in first source. arterolane : An oxaspiro compound that is dispiro[cyclohexane-1,3'-[1,2,4]trioxolane-5',2''-tricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]decane] substituted by a 2-[(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl group at position 4s. Its maleic acid salt is used as an antimalarial drug in combination with piperaquine.	2.89	3	0
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	2.04	1	0
ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.	2.4	2	0	D-ribose; ribopyranose
acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.	10.33	187	1	alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
lactulose Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.	3.54	8	0
r-106 [no description available]	1.99	1	0
cariprazine cariprazine: Structure in first source. cariprazine : An N-alkylpiperazine that is N,N-dimethyl-N'-{trans-4-[2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]cyclohexyl}urea substituted at position 4 on the piperazine ring by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group. Used (as the hydrochloride salt) for treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.	2.89	3	0
krp-203 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
regorafenib [no description available]	2.89	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; hepatotoxic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
trehalose 6,6'-dibehenate trehalose 6,6'-dibehenate: an analog of cord factor	7.96	4	0	fatty acid derivative; O-acyl carbohydrate
at 7867 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; pyrazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
calpain inhibitor iii calpain inhibitor III: potential anticataract drug	2.08	1	0
acetic acid 2-[4-methyl-8-(4-morpholinylsulfonyl)-1,3-dioxo-2-pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinolinyl]ethyl ester [no description available]	2.89	3	0	pyrroloquinoline
ptc 124 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	oxadiazole; ring assembly
degrasyn degrasyn: a JAK2 kinase inhibitor that induces rapid degradation of c-Myc protein in MM-1 multiple myeloma and other tumor cell lines; structure in first source	2.63	2	0
epoxomicin [no description available]	2.78	3	0	morpholines; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
chlorantranilipole chlorantranilipole: anthranilic diamide insecticide.that disrupts mating in codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). chlorantraniliprole : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide. The first of the anthranilic diamide insecticides, it is a ryanodine receptor activator and is used to protect a wide variety of crops, including corn, cotton, grapes, rice and potatoes.	2.9	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; organobromine compound; pyrazole insecticide; pyrazoles; pyridines; secondary carboxamide	ryanodine receptor agonist
bi 2536 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
mitoquinone mitoquinone: has antineoplastic activity	2.6	1	0
validoxylamine a validoxylamine A: fungicide against sheath blight of rice plants; structure given in first source. validoxylamine A : An amino cyclitol that is (1R,2S,3S,4S,6R)-4-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane-1,2,3-triol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a (1R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl group.	2.7	3	0	amino cyclitol; secondary amino compound	animal metabolite; antibiotic insecticide; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.28 (alpha,alpha-trehalase) inhibitor
azd 1152 AZD-1152 : A member of the of quinazolines that is 4-aminoquinazolin-7-ol in which the amino group at position 4 has been substituted by a 5-[2-(3-fluoroanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-1H-pyrazol-3-yl group, while the hydroxy group at position 7 has been converted into the corresponding 3-[ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)aminopropyl ether.	2.89	3	0	anilide; monoalkyl phosphate; monofluorobenzenes; pyrazoles; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; Aurora kinase inhibitor; prodrug
dorsomorphin dorsomorphin: an AMPK inhibitor. dorsomorphin : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by pyridin-4-yl and p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl groups, respectively. It is a potent, selective, reversible, and ATP-competitive inhibitor of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase, EC 2.7.11.31) and a selective inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling.	2.17	1	0	aromatic ether; piperidines; pyrazolopyrimidine; pyridines	bone morphogenetic protein receptor antagonist; EC 2.7.11.31 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase} inhibitor
carfilzomib [no description available]	2.89	3	0	epoxide; morpholines; tetrapeptide	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
idelalisib idelalisib: an antineoplastic agent and p110delta inhibitor; structure in first source. idelalisib : A member of the class of quinazolines that is 5-fluoro-3-phenylquinazolin-4-one in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a (1S)-1-(3H-purin-6-ylamino)propyl group. used for for the treatment of refractory indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	2.89	3	0	aromatic amine; organofluorine compound; purines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
motesanib [no description available]	2.89	3	0	pyridinecarboxamide
ru 66647 telithromycin: a ketolide; semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin with cycling of the C11-12 positions to form a carbamate ring to avoid acquired resistance to macrolides; binds 70S bacterial rRNA, specifically to the 23S part (23S RIBOSOMAL RNA), preventing protein synthesis;	2.97	1	0
pf-562,271 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	indoles
gliocladin c gliocladin C: structure in first source	2.89	3	0
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	2.74	3	0
sb 706504 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	2.1	1	0
ku-0060648 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	dibenzothiophenes
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	2.75	3	0
bgt226 BGT226 free base : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 3-trifluoromethyl-4-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a 6-methoxypyridin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor.. BGT226 : The maleate salt of 8-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(piperazin-1-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-2-one. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor.	2.89	3	0	aromatic ether; imidazoquinoline; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; pyridines	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; mTOR inhibitor
pyrostatin a pyrostatin A: inhibits N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase; isolated from Streptomyces; structure in first source. 5-hydroxyectoine : A carboxamidine heterocycle which is obtained by formal condensation of 4-amino-L-allothreonine with acetic acid.	3.75	10	0	1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines; carboxamidine; iminium betaine; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol
corynomycolic acid corynomycolic acid: linked as 6,6'-dicorynomycolyl-trehalose (cord factor structure) in Brevibacterium vitarumen. corynomycolic acid : A thirty-two membered mycolic acid consisting of 3-hydroxystearic acid having a tetradecyl group at the 2-position.	7.93	4	0	3-hydroxy fatty acid; mycolic acid
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	3.05	1	0
erythrosine Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.	2.11	1	0
ants Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)	3.18	5	0
maltoheptaose maltoheptaose: consists of seven glucose residues in a linear 1,4-alpha-linkage; substrate for determining alpha-amylase in serum; RN given refers to (D-glucopyranose)-isomer. maltoheptaose : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form.. alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-D-Glcp : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide consisting of six alpha-D-glucose residues and a D-glucose residue joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds.	2.42	2	0	maltoheptaose heptasaccharide
trehalulose trehalulose: alpha-(1-1) linked disaccharide. trehalulose : A glycosyl glycoside prepared from alpha-D-glucopyranosyl and beta-D-fructofuranose residues.	7.31	1	0
n-desmethyldanofloxacin N-desmethyldanofloxacin: structure given in first source	2.89	3	0
rabeprazole sodium [no description available]	2.15	1	0	organic sodium salt
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	8.62	9	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
azd 1152-hqpa AZD2811: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.63	2	0	anilide; monofluorobenzenes; primary alcohol; pyrazoles; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; Aurora kinase inhibitor
CDN1163 CDN1163: a SERCA2 activator with antidiabetic activity; structure in first source. CDN1163 : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-isopropoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of 2-methylquinolin-8-amine. An allosteric activator of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA).	2.89	3	0	aromatic ether; quinolines; secondary carboxamide	SERCA activator
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	3.31	6	0
gsk 269962a [no description available]	2.89	3	0
calcitonin [no description available]	2.52	2	0
melitten Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.	2.41	2	0
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	3.09	1	0	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
amyloid beta-protein (17-42) amyloid beta-protein (17-42): a component of diffuse amyloid deposits isolated from brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence given in first source	2.08	1	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	2.4	2	0	peptide hormone
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	3.41	1	0
oligonucleotides [no description available]	2.75	3	0
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	3.06	1	0
incretins Incretins: Peptides which stimulate INSULIN release from the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS following oral nutrient ingestion, or postprandially.	3.06	1	0
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	2.07	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	6.32	14	1	glycoside
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	4.96	37	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(9R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one Beclomethasone: An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.. beclomethasone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is prednisolone in which the hydrogens at the 9alpha and 16beta positions are substituted by a chlorine and a methyl group, respectively.	2.21	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	3.86	11	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
phentin acetate phentin acetate: see also triphenyltin hydroxide.; structure. fentin acetate : An organotin compound that is the O-acetyl derivative of triphenyltin hydroxide. A fungicide used to control blights on potatoes, leaf spot diseases on sugar beet and anthracnose on beans.	2.01	1	0	acetate ester; organotin compound	antifungal agrochemical
pha 848125 N,1,4,4-tetramethyl-8-((4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo(4,3-h)quinazoline-3-carboxamide: a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor	3.14	4	0
nvp-bhg712 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	benzamides
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	2.48	2	0
pf 04217903 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	quinolines
lucifer yellow lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt	2	1	0	organic lithium salt	fluorochrome
5-[[4-(4-acetylphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one [no description available]	2.89	3	0	aromatic ketone
chitosan [no description available]	3.7	9	0
ph 797804 PH 797804: an NSAID; structure in first source. PH 797804 : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-{3-bromo-4-[(2,4-difluorobenzyl)oxy]-6-methyl-2-oxopyridin-1-yl}-4-methylbenzoic acid with the amino group of methylamine.	2.89	3	0	aromatic ether; benzamides; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; pyridone	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	3.27	6	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
sodium lactate Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.	2.03	1	0	lactate salt; organic sodium salt	food acidity regulator; food preservative
amphotericin b, deoxycholate drug combination [no description available]	2.31	1	0
sodium glutamate Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.	2.21	1	0	monosodium glutamate	flavouring agent
merocyanine dye merocyanine dye: fluorescent dye used for studying axons 2 position on pyrimidine ring may be S or O; RN given refers to Na salt; structure	2.73	3	0
ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.	2.41	1	0
(2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate (2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate: RN given for Na salt	2.06	1	0
srt1720 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.	2.95	4	0	organic cation; sulfonium compound	coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
purfalcamine purfalcamine: a PfCDPK-1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
bms 754807 BMS 754807: an IGR-1R kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.89	3	0	pyrazoles; pyridines; pyrrolidines; pyrrolotriazine	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
ponatinib [no description available]	2.89	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; acetylenic compound; benzamides; imidazopyridazine; N-methylpiperazine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
arabinogalactan [no description available]	2.77	3	0
quizartinib [no description available]	2.89	3	0	benzoimidazothiazole; isoxazoles; morpholines; phenylureas	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; necroptosis inhibitor
PP121 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	aromatic amine; cyclopentanes; pyrazolopyrimidine; pyrrolopyridine	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
mk 2206 MK 2206: a protein kinase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent	3.06	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound	EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
navitoclax [no description available]	2.89	3	0	aryl sulfide; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; piperazines; secondary amino compound; sulfone; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	2.71	3	0
gsk 650394 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	phenylpyridine
dcc-2036 rebastinib: an inhibitor of Tie2 tyrosine kinase receptor and antineoplastic agent	2.89	3	0	organofluorine compound; phenylureas; pyrazoles; pyridinecarboxamide; quinolines	tyrosine kinase inhibitor
cabozantinib cabozantinib: a multikinase inhibitor. cabozantinib : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that is N-phenyl-N'-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the phenyl ring is substituted by a (6,7-dimethoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy group. A multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used (as its malate salt) for the treatment of progressive, metastatic, medullary thyroid cancer.	2.89	3	0	aromatic ether; dicarboxylic acid diamide; organofluorine compound; quinolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
mannans [no description available]	3.26	6	0
TAK-580 MLN 2480: brain-penetrant RAF dimer antagonist. TAK-580 : A 1,3-thiazolecarboxamide that is 2-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the amino group of 5-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine and in which the amino group undergoes formal condensation with the carboxy group of 6-amino-5-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid. It is a pan-RAF kinase inhibitor which is currently in clinical development for the treatment of radiographically recurrent or progressive low-grade glioma in children and young adults.	2.89	3	0	1,3-thiazolecarboxamide; aminopyrimidine; chloropyridine; organofluorine compound; pyrimidinecarboxamide; secondary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-Raf inhibitor
8-(4-aminophenyl)-2-(4-morpholinyl)-1-benzopyran-4-one [no description available]	2.89	3	0	chromones
nitrogenase Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.	2.75	3	0
pf 3758309 PF 3758309: a PAK4 p21-activated kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.89	3	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
(5-(2,4-bis((3s)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl)methanol (5-(2,4-bis((3S)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl)methanol: a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin kinase inhibitor with in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity; structure in first source	2.63	2	0	benzyl alcohols; morpholines; pyridopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; mTOR inhibitor
peptones Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)	2.67	3	0
adenosine diphosphate glucose Adenosine Diphosphate Glucose: Serves as the glycosyl donor for formation of bacterial glycogen, amylose in green algae, and amylopectin in higher plants.. ADP alpha-D-glucoside(2-) : A nucleotide-sugar oxoanion resutling from the deprotonation of both free OH groups of the diphosphate group of ADP alpha-D-glucoside.	2.43	2	0	NDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-); ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate-alpha-D-glucose(2-)	human metabolite
brartemicin brartemicin: an inhibitor of tumor cell invasion from the actinomycete Nonomuraea sp.; structure in first source. brartemicin : A glycosyl glycoside derivative that consists of alpha,alpha-trehalose substituted at positions 6 and 6' by O-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoyl groups. It is isolated from the culture broth of actinomycete, Nonomuraea, and has antitumor activity.	3.82	10	0	benzoate ester; glycosyl glycoside derivative; resorcinols	antimicrobial agent; metabolite
5-(2-benzofuranyl)-4-[(1-methyl-5-tetrazolyl)thio]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine [no description available]	2.89	3	0	aryl sulfide; thienopyrimidine
5-(3-methylsulfonylphenyl)-4-[(1-methyl-5-tetrazolyl)thio]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine [no description available]	2.89	3	0	aryl sulfide; thienopyrimidine
5-bromo-4-[(1-methyl-5-tetrazolyl)thio]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine [no description available]	2.89	3	0	aryl sulfide; thienopyrimidine
glycolipids [no description available]	9.39	139	0
baricitinib [no description available]	2.89	3	0	azetidines; nitrile; pyrazoles; pyrrolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antirheumatic drug; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
6-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-methyl-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4-quinazolinamine [no description available]	2.89	3	0	quinazolines
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.08	1	0
6-[(3-aminophenyl)methyl]-4-methyl-2-methylsulfinyl-5-thieno[3,4]pyrrolo[1,3-d]pyridazinone ML-265: a small molecule activator of PKM2	2.89	3	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.72	2	0
N-[(5-bromo-8-hydroxy-7-quinolinyl)-thiophen-2-ylmethyl]acetamide [no description available]	2.89	3	0	hydroxyquinoline
p505-15 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
mrt67307 MRT67307: IKK (IκB(inhibitor of NF-κB (nuclear factor κB)) kinase) family inhibitor; structure in first source	2.89	3	0	aromatic amine
N-[3-[[5-chloro-2-[4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)anilino]-4-pyrimidinyl]oxy]phenyl]-2-propenamide [no description available]	2.89	3	0	piperazines
ribociclib ribociclib: inhibits both CDK4 and CDK6	2.89	3	0
1-[3-[4-[(1-methyl-5-tetrazolyl)thio]-5-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl]phenyl]ethanone [no description available]	2.89	3	0	aromatic ketone; thienopyrimidine
gx 15-070 obatoclax: a pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor potentially useful in treating mantle cell lymphoma	3.25	1	0
globotriose alpha-D-Galp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Galp-(1->4)-beta-D-Glcp : A trisaccharide consisting of two alpha-D-galactose residues and a beta-D-glucose at the reducing end in a linear sequence and joined by (1->4) linkages.	2.08	1	0	trisaccharide
pha 793887 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	piperidinecarboxamide
gsk 2334470 GSK 2334470: a PDK1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.21	1	0	indazoles
ml228 probe ML228 probe: structure in first source. ML228 : A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines in which the triazine ring is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 6 by pyridin-2-yl, ([biphenyl]-4-ylmethyl)amin, and methyl groups, respectively. It is an activator of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway.	2.89	3	0	1,2,4-triazines; biphenyls; pyridines; secondary amino compound	hypoxia-inducible factor pathway activator
pf-03882845 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
sulfolipid i sulfolipid I: principal sulfolipid class of virulent human Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H(37)Rv. sulfolipid I : The principal sulfolipid class of virulent human Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H(37)Rv.	7.95	4	0	polyacyl alpha,alpha-trehalose derivative; sulfoglycolipid
mannosylglycerate 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate : Conjugate base of 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glyceric acid	4.74	9	0	carbohydrate acid anion
jq1 compound [no description available]	2.89	3	0	carboxylic ester; organochlorine compound; tert-butyl ester; thienotriazolodiazepine	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; ferroptosis inducer
pf-04620110 PF-04620110: a DGAT1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
chymostatin [no description available]	1.99	1	0
methylmalonyl-coenzyme a [no description available]	2	1	0
fructose-1,6-diphosphate fructose-1,6-diphosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer	2.06	1	0
gsk525762a molibresib: mimicks acetylated histones; structure in first source	2.89	3	0	benzodiazepine
birinapant birinapant: a Smac mimetic with antineoplastic activity	2.21	1	0	dipeptide
torin 1 torin 1 : A member of the class of pyridoquinolines that is 9-(quinolin-3-yl)benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-2-one bearing an additional 4-(4-propionylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent at position 1. It is a potent inhibitor of mTOR and exhibits anti-cancer properties.	2.89	3	0	N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; pyridoquinoline; quinolines	antineoplastic agent; mTOR inhibitor
abt-199 venetoclax: A BCL-2 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity that is used in the treatment of CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA associated with chromosome 17p deletion; structure in first source.. venetoclax : A member of the class of pyrrolopyridines that is a potent inhibitor of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2. It is used for treamtment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion.	2.89	3	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; oxanes; pyrrolopyridine	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
1-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(5-pyridin-4-yl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)urea [no description available]	2.89	3	0	ureas
N-(4-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]-1-piperidinecarbothioamide [no description available]	2.89	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
ncgc00242364 NCGC00242364: structure in first source	2.89	3	0	quinazolines
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	2.98	4	0
gsk1210151a GSK1210151A: inhibitor of the BET family of proteins; structure in first source	2.89	3	0	imidazoquinoline
hs-173 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
sr1664 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	indolecarboxamide
4-(3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-n-(4-methoxypyridin-2-yl)piperazine-1-carbothioamide 4-(3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-N-(4-methoxypyridin-2-yl)piperazine-1-carbothioamide: inhibits phosphopantetheinyl transferase; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	5.23	9	0
N-[4-(1-benzoyl-4-piperidinyl)butyl]-3-(3-pyridinyl)-2-propenamide [no description available]	2.59	2	0	benzamides; N-acylpiperidine
N-[4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl]-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamide [no description available]	2.59	2	0	aminoquinoline
miglyol 840 miglyol 840: a propylene glycol diester of saturated vegetable fatty acids (C8-C10 chain lengths)	2.07	1	0
cudc-907 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	9.12	14	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	7.44	2	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	3.99	4	0
methacycline Methacycline: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period.. methacycline : A tetracycline that is the 6-methylene analogue of oxytetracycline, obtained by formal dehydration at position 6.	2.21	1	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	2.73	3	0	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	3.87	3	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
6-o-palmitoylascorbic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0	fatty acid ester
methacycline monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.59	2	0
2-[[[4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-(phenylmethyl)-3-quinolinyl]-oxomethyl]amino]acetic acid [no description available]	2.89	3	0	quinolines
agi-5198 AGI-5198: inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase 1; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	2.43	2	0
microcystin microcystin: microcystins have the general structure cyclo(D-Ala-L-X-D-erythro--methylisoasp-L-Y-Adda-D-isoGlu-N-methyldehydroAla) where X and Y are variable L-amino acids;. microcystin : A family of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by a number of cyanobacteria, the most notable of which is Microcystis, from which the name of the family is derived. Microcystins consist of a heptapeptide macrocycle made up of five non-protein amino acids and two protein amino acids.	2.55	2	0	peptide
kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.	2.69	2	0	aluminosilicate mineral; mixture	antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	2.21	1	0
spliceosomal peptide p140 spliceosomal peptide P140: synthetic peptide, sequence 131-151 of the U1-70K protein phosphorylated at Ser140, which is recognized by lupus CD4+ T cells for the treatment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus	3.92	2	1
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.44	2	0
cep-32496 agerafenib: inhibitor of RAF family kinases; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
epz004777 [no description available]	2.89	3	0	N-glycosyl compound
3-[[2-(2-pyridinyl)-6-(1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin-3-yl)-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]propanoic acid [no description available]	2.89	3	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
entecavir [no description available]	2.89	3	0	benzamides; N-acylpiperidine
brine brine: not from seawater; contains sodium chloride; calcium chloride; magnesium chloride; one or all of the above	2.07	1	0
sybr green i SYBR Green I: binds to double stranded DNA of less than 20 pg following agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; excited at 497 nm and emits at 520 nm. SYBR Green I : A benzothiazolium ion resulting from the methylation of the nitrogen of the benzothiazole group of N-[4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylmethylene)-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl]-N',N'-dimethyl-N-propylpropane-1,3-diamine. A cationic unsymmetrical cyanine dye that binds to double-stranded DNA and is used as a nucleic acid stain in molecular biology.	2.74	3	0	benzothiazolium ion; cyanine dye; quinolines; tertiary amine	fluorescent dye
gkt137831 setanaxib: NOX4/NOX1 inhibitor; a pyrazolopyridine dione derivative	2.89	3	0
vx-509 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
vx-970 berzosertib: an ATR kinase inhibitor	2.89	3	0	sulfonamide
gs-9973 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
amg 925 AMG-925 : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 9H-pyrido[4',3':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted by a [6-(hydroxyacetyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,6-naphthyridin-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 2 and by a trans-4-methylcyclohexyl group at position 9. It is a FLT3 and CDK4 dual kinase inhibitor that has antineoplastic activity. Currently under clinical investigation in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML).	2.89	3	0
pyrethrins [no description available]	2.17	1	0
gne-618 GNE-618: inhibits nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
g007-lk G007-LK: potent and specific small-molecule tankyrase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
volitinib [no description available]	2.89	3	0
ML355 ML355: 12-Lipoxygenase inhibitor. ML355 : A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 2-aminobenzothiazole with the sulfo group of 4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)amino]benzenesulfonic acid. It is an inhibitor of 12-lipoxygenase, being developed by Veralox Therapeutics for the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis.	2.89	3	0	benzothiazoles; monomethoxybenzene; phenols; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline; sulfonamide	EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor
acp-196 acalabrutinib: inhibits Bruton’s tyrosine kinase; has antineoplastic activity. acalabrutinib : A member of the class of imidazopyrazines that is imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine substituted by 4-(pyridin-2-ylcarbamoyl)phenyl, (2S)-1-(but-2-ynoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl, and amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 8, respectively. It is an irreversible second-generation Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor that is approved by the FDA for the treatment of adult patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who have received at least one prior therapy.	2.89	3	0	aromatic amine; benzamides; imidazopyrazine; pyridines; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide; ynone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
gsk343 GSK343: an EZH2 methyltransferase inhibitor. GSK343 : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1-isopropyl-1H-indazole-4-carboxamide in which the nitrogen of the carboxamide group is substituted by a (6-methyl-2-oxo-4-propyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl group and in which the indazole ring is substituted at position 6 by a 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-4-yl group. A highly potent and selective EZH2 inhibitor (IC50 = 4 nM).	2.89	3	0	aminopyridine; indazoles; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; pyridone; secondary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.1.1.43 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) inhibitor
agi-6780 AGI-6780: inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
khs101 KHS101: a small molecule accelerates neuronal differentiation in the adult rat	2.89	3	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	7.66	3	0
cb-839 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
gsk-j4 GSK-J4: a JMJD3 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.89	3	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
trehangelin a trehangelin A: protects against photo-oxidative hemolysis; isolated from Polymorphospora rubra; structure in first source	3.08	4	0
pf-06424439 PF-06424439: an inhibitor of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
etp-46464 ETP-46464: inhibits ATM and Rad3-related kinase; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
alcohol oxidase [no description available]	2.02	1	0
onc201 TIC10 compound: a TRAIL-dependent antitumor agent; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	4.16	16	0
kai407 KAI407: an antimalarial; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
6,7-dimethoxy-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-n-(5-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentyl)quinazolin-4-amine 6,7-dimethoxy-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-N-(5-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentyl)quinazolin-4-amine: a SETD8 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).	1.96	1	0
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor	2.06	1	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	2.03	1	0
bassianolide bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170.	2.11	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide; cyclooctadepsipeptide	antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite; insecticide
enasidenib [no description available]	2.89	3	0	1,3,5-triazines; aminopyridine; aromatic amine; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.42 (isocitrate dehydrogenase) inhibitor
lewis x antigen Lewis X Antigen: A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, Lewis X antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.	2.04	1	0
oicr-9429 OICR-9429: antineoplastic; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
lly-507 LLY-507: inhibits methyltransferase SMYD2; structure in first source. LLY-507 : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-cyano-2'-{4-[2-(3-methyl-1H-indol-1-yl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl}[biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-amine. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of SMYD2 and inhibits the ability of SMYD2 to methylate p53. It serves as a valuable chemical probe to aid in the dissection of SMYD2 function in cancer and other biological processes.	2.89	3	0
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	1.95	1	0
gibberellins [no description available]	3.9	3	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	4.59	4	0
butirosin sulfate Butirosin Sulfate: A water-soluble aminoglycosidic antibiotic complex isolated from fermentation filtrates of Bacillus circulans. Two components (A and B) have been separated from the complex. Both are active against many gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria.	1.96	1	0
validamycins validamycins: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; structure given in Merck Index, 9th ed, #9570 has been revised in fifth source; structure in fifth source; see also record for validamycin A. validamycins : Any of the inositol-derived beta-D-glucoside antibiotics produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.	3.32	6	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	2.06	1	0
silybin Silybin: The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers.	7.25	1	0
cytochalasin d Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.	2.52	2	0
antipain Antipain: An oligopeptide produced by various bacteria which acts as a protease inhibitor.	7.44	2	0
digitonin Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.	1.99	1	0
1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphothioethanol [no description available]	2.17	1	0
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	4.42	4	1
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	5.56	65	0
cord factors Cord Factors: Toxic glycolipids composed of trehalose dimycolate derivatives. They are produced by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and other species of MYCOBACTERIUM. They induce cellular dysfunction in animals.	6.95	40	0
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined	2.98	4	0
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	2.17	1	0
trehalose monomycolate trehalose monomycolate : Any trehalose bearing a single O-mycolate substituent; obtained via extraction of the cell wall of Mycobacterium bovis.	3.44	7	0
at 9283 [no description available]	2.89	3	0
guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.02	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine diphosphate glucose guanosine diphosphate glucose: acts as a source of glucose for cellulose synthesis in some plants; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search GUANOSINE DIPHOSPHATE SUGARS (75-83); RN given refers to (alpha-D)-isomer. GDP-alpha-D-glucose : A GDP-D-glucose having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.04	1	0	GDP-D-glucose
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.41	2	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hypoxanthine [no description available]	2.89	3	0	nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	fundamental metabolite
inosinic acid Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.03	1	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
inosine [no description available]	2.75	3	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1-methyladenine 1-methyladenine : Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-1.	2.02	1	0
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	3.11	1	0	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source	3.71	9	0
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	2.06	1	0
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.8	3	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	2.89	3	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	4.09	15	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
1-hydroxyphenazine 1-hydroxyphenazine: a virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 1-hydroxyphenazine : A phenazine carrying a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position.	2.89	3	0	phenazines
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	2.4	2	0
ro 24-7429 Ro 24-7429: blocks the action of the HIV tat protein; an analog of Ro 5-3335; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993 Jul 15;90(14):6395-9	2.89	3	0	benzodiazepine
nintedanib nintedanib : A member of the class of oxindoles that is a kinase inhibitor used (in the form of its ethylsulfonate salt) for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cancer.	2.89	3	0
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	2.07	1	0	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
n'-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthahydrazide [no description available]	2.89	3	0	catechols; hydrazide; hydrazone; naphthols	EC 3.6.5.5 (dynamin GTPase) inhibitor
ver 52296 luminespib : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)-4-[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of ethylamine.	2.89	3	0	aromatic amide; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; resorcinols	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; Hsp90 inhibitor
rvx 208 apabetalone: a bromodomain and extra-terminal domain protein (BET) inhibitor; prevents interactions between BET proteins and acetyl-lysine residues on histone tails to modify epigenetic regulation	2.89	3	0
bmn 673 talazoparib: inhibits both PARP1 and PARP2; structure in first source	2.89	3	0
trehazolin trehazolin: from Micromonospora strain SANK 62390; structure given in first source	2.42	2	0
lipoteichoic acid lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.	8.53	2	0
maltodextrin maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.	9.96	11	0
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (29-40): a non-fibrillar portion of amyloid-beta protein	2.05	1	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	2.91	4	0
trypsinogen Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.01	1	0
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	2.01	1	0
vermiculite [no description available]	2.17	1	0
2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	1.95	1	0
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	2.73	3	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.77	3	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.	0	2.31	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	7	23	3
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	7	23	3
Apoplexy [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	0	2.31	1	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	0	7.31	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	12.97	89	1
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	0	6.58	15	0
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism [description not available]	0	2.59	2	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	0	6.58	15	0
Parkinson Disease, Secondary Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)	0	2.59	2	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	0	8.16	68	0
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	0	4.67	2	2
Dry Eye [description not available]	0	10.83	23	10
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	4.67	2	2
Dry Eye Syndromes Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.	0	10.83	23	10
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	0	3.01	3	0
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	0	3.01	3	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	0	5.19	7	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	7.4	23	2
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	0	8.4	7	0
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance.	0	2.59	2	0
Drug-Induced Cochlear Toxicity [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Ototoxicity Damage to the EAR or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	0	2.41	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	0	6.49	15	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	0	5.15	9	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	0	5.15	9	1
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	0	4.26	5	0
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	0	2.76	2	0
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	0	2.41	1	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	0	7.76	2	0
Candida Infection [description not available]	0	4.13	15	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	9.13	15	0
Candidiasis, Invasive An important nosocomial fungal infection with species of the genus CANDIDA, most frequently CANDIDA ALBICANS. Invasive candidiasis occurs when candidiasis goes beyond a superficial infection and manifests as CANDIDEMIA, deep tissue infection, or disseminated disease with deep organ involvement.	0	2.41	1	0
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	0	3.8	1	1
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	0	5.46	5	1
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	0	8.8	1	1
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	0	10.46	5	1
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	0	3.97	2	1
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	0	2.41	1	0
Grippe [description not available]	0	3.13	4	0
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	0	3.13	4	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	0	6.1	9	0
Atheroma [description not available]	0	3.83	3	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	0	6.1	9	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	0	2.41	1	0
Pericementitis [description not available]	0	2.57	2	0
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)	0	7.57	2	0
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	0	2.41	1	0
Pocket, Periodontal [description not available]	0	6.18	3	3
Periodontal Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.	0	6.18	3	3
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	0	5.51	14	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	1	7.51	14	0
Carditis [description not available]	0	7.41	1	0
Coxsackie Virus Infections [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	0	7.41	1	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	0	3.66	8	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	0	3.66	8	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	0	2.76	2	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	0	2.89	4	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.76	2	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	0	2.89	4	0
Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available]	0	4.54	4	1
Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.	0	4.54	4	1
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available]	0	4.31	6	0
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)	1	6.31	6	0
Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.	0	3.23	5	0
Polyploid [description not available]	0	7.63	2	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	0	3.05	4	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	0	3.05	4	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	0	3.64	9	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	0	8.27	6	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	0	3.64	9	0
Prodromal Characteristics [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Cacosmia [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	0	2.76	2	0
Epilepsy Progressive Myoclonic 2 [description not available]	0	2.93	3	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	0	2.76	2	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	0	2.41	1	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	0	2.41	1	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	0	7.68	15	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	0	7.68	15	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	0	2.72	2	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	0	2.72	2	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available]	0	5.33	10	0
Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.	0	5.33	10	0
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Sinus Infections [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	0	2.41	1	0
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	0	2.41	1	0
Foot and Mouth Disease [description not available]	0	2.58	2	0
Peripheral Nerve Injury [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Peripheral Nerve Injuries Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.	0	2.41	1	0
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	0	3.8	1	1
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	0	3.77	3	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	0	3.77	3	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	0	6.1	28	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	0	6.1	28	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	0	4.43	21	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	0	4.43	21	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	3.23	5	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	3.23	5	0
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	0	3.18	4	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	0	12.19	12	1
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	1	5.18	4	0
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	0	2.76	2	0
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	0	2.76	2	0
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	0	3.6	2	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	0	3.6	2	0
Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Atrophy, Muscular, Spinobulbar [description not available]	0	3.05	4	0
Muscular Atrophy, Spinal A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	0	2.6	1	0
Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy, X-Linked An X-linked recessive form of spinal muscular atrophy. It is due to a mutation of the gene encoding the ANDROGEN RECEPTOR.	0	3.05	4	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	0	2.6	1	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	0	2.6	1	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	0	2.61	2	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	0	2.76	3	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	0	2.85	3	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	0	4.92	8	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	0	2.85	3	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	0	4.92	8	1
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	0	9.78	4	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	0	5.06	8	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	0	2.49	2	0
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.	0	2.54	2	0
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.	0	2.54	2	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	6.58	15	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	0	6.58	15	0
Active Hyperemia [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).	0	2.6	1	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	0	3.99	1	1
Asialia [description not available]	0	4.49	2	2
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	0	3.99	1	1
Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow.	0	9.49	2	2
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	0	2.63	2	0
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	0	2.63	2	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	0	3.95	2	1
Infections, Pasteurella [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Aujeszky Disease [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	0	2.6	1	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	0	8.52	7	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	0	7.24	11	2
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	0	7.24	11	2
Neurovisceral Storage Disease with Vertical Supranuclear Ophthalmoplegia [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder that is characterized by accumulation of CHOLESTEROL and SPHINGOMYELINS in cells of the VISCERA and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Type C (or C1) and type D are allelic disorders caused by mutation of the NPC1 gene, which encodes a protein that mediates intracellular cholesterol transport from LYSOSOMES. Clinical signs include hepatosplenomegaly and chronic neurological symptoms. Type D is a variant in people with a Nova Scotia ancestry.	0	2.6	1	0
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	0	4.83	6	1
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	0	2.21	1	0
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	0	4.83	6	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	0	7.32	15	1
Food Poisoning [description not available]	0	3.17	1	0
Cornea Injuries [description not available]	0	2.51	2	0
Corneal Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the CORNEA by external means.	0	2.51	2	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	0	2.55	2	0
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	0	2.55	2	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	0	2.69	3	0
Autosomal Dominant Striatonigral Degeneration [description not available]	0	2.94	3	0
Machado-Joseph Disease A dominantly-inherited ATAXIA first described in people of Azorean and Portuguese descent, and subsequently identified in Brazil, Japan, China, and Australia. This disorder is classified as one of the SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIAS (Type 3) and has been associated with a mutation of the MJD1 gene on chromosome 14. Clinical features include progressive ataxia, DYSARTHRIA, postural instability, nystagmus, eyelid retraction, and facial FASCICULATIONS. DYSTONIA is prominent in younger patients (referred to as Type I Machado-Joseph Disease). Type II features ataxia and ocular signs; Type III features MUSCULAR ATROPHY and a sensorimotor neuropathy; and Type IV features extrapyramidal signs combined with a sensorimotor neuropathy. (From Clin Neurosci 1995;3(1):17-22; Ann Neurol 1998 Mar;43(3):288-96)	1	4.94	3	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	0	2.66	2	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	0	7.66	2	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	2.66	2	0
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.	0	2.25	1	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	0	7.66	2	0
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	0	2.53	2	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	5.95	24	1
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	0	2.77	3	0
Anisakiasis Infection with roundworms of the genus ANISAKIS. Human infection results from the consumption of fish harboring roundworm larvae. The worms may cause acute NAUSEA; VOMITING; or penetrate into the wall of the DIGESTIVE TRACT where they give rise to EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA in the STOMACH; INTESTINES; or the OMENTUM.	0	2.25	1	0
Caries, Dental [description not available]	0	3.09	5	0
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	0	3.09	5	0
Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.	0	4.07	3	1
Low Bone Density [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	7.25	1	0
Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.	0	2.25	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.	0	2.25	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	0	4.16	5	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	2.84	3	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	0	7.84	3	0
Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea.	0	3.45	2	0
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.	0	2.25	1	0
Amyloid Deposits [description not available]	0	2.77	3	0
Malnourishment [description not available]	0	3.17	1	0
Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.	0	3.17	1	0
Mucositis An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).	0	3.17	1	0
Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic.	0	7.25	1	0
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	0	2.25	1	0
Salmonella Infections, Animal Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.	0	2.53	2	0
Asymptomatic Conditions [description not available]	0	3.17	1	0
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	0	3.57	2	0
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	0	3.17	1	0
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	0	3.57	2	0
Nearsightedness [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Myopia A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.	0	2.25	1	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	0	5.38	9	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	0	5.38	9	0
ADPKD [description not available]	0	2.61	2	0
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function.	0	2.61	2	0
Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	0	2.25	1	0
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease [description not available]	0	7.34	13	0
Protein Aggregation, Pathological A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.	0	4.94	12	0
Huntington Disease A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)	0	12.34	13	0
Diathesis [description not available]	0	2.66	2	0
Astrocytosis [description not available]	0	3.06	4	0
Cerebral Cryptococcosis [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Meningitis, Cryptococcal Meningeal inflammation produced by CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS, an encapsulated yeast that tends to infect individuals with ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunocompromised states. The organism enters the body through the respiratory tract, but symptomatic infections are usually limited to the lungs and nervous system. The organism may also produce parenchymal brain lesions (torulomas). Clinically, the course is subacute and may feature HEADACHE; NAUSEA; PHOTOPHOBIA; focal neurologic deficits; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies; and HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp721-2)	0	2.31	1	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	0	2.25	1	0
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Interstitial Nephritis [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.	0	2.31	1	0
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	0	2.31	1	0
Gingivitis Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.	0	2.25	1	0
Eunuchism The state of being a eunuch, a male without TESTES or whose testes failed to develop. It is characterized by the lack of mature male GERM CELLS and TESTICULAR HORMONES.	0	2.25	1	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	0	2.25	1	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	0	2.87	3	0
Prosthesis Durability [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Malignant Mesothelioma [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	0	7.41	1	0
Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.	0	2.41	1	0
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	0	3.23	1	0
Encephalitis, Polio [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)	0	2.31	1	0
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	0	2.31	1	0
Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	4.11	15	0
Cytokine Release Syndrome A severe immune reaction characterized by excessive release of CYTOKINES. Symptoms include DYSPNEA; FEVER; HEADACHE; HYPOTENSION; NAUSEA; RASH; TACHYCARDIA; HYPOXIA; HYPERFERRITINEMIA, and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE. It is associated with viral infections, SEPSIS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES and a variety of factors used in IMMUNOTHERAPY.	0	3.23	1	0
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	0	7.31	1	0
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	0	7.31	1	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	0	2.83	3	0
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.	0	2.31	1	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	0	2.31	1	0
Acne [description not available]	0	7.39	2	0
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	0	2.39	2	0
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	0	3	4	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	0	2.47	2	0
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	0	3.22	6	0
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	0	7.15	1	0
Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Disseminated [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	0	2.55	2	0
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	0	3.04	4	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	0	2.98	4	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	0	3.04	4	0
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	0	2.98	4	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	0	3.06	1	0
Diseases of Immune System [description not available]	0	3.06	1	0
Infection [description not available]	0	3.06	1	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	0	3.06	1	0
Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.	0	3.06	1	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	0	3.06	1	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	0	2.15	1	0
Infections, Mycobacterium [description not available]	0	3.23	5	0
Mycobacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM.	0	3.23	5	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	0	7.15	1	0
Bacteremia, Hemorrhagic [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	0	3.77	3	0
Choline Deficiency A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)	0	3.09	1	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	3.31	2	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	3.09	1	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	0	3.31	2	0
Cadmium Poisoning Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis.	0	2.41	2	0
EBV Infections [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).	0	2.17	1	0
Mumps An acute infectious disease caused by RUBULAVIRUS, spread by direct contact, airborne droplet nuclei, fomites contaminated by infectious saliva, and perhaps urine, and usually seen in children under the age of 15, although adults may also be affected. (From Dorland, 28th ed)	0	2.15	1	0
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Cytomegalovirus Infections Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.	0	2.17	1	0
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	0	2.17	1	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	0	2.15	1	0
Choroid Neovascularization [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.	0	2.17	1	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	0	3.26	6	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	0	3.26	6	0
Chondrodysplasia Punctata A heterogeneous group of bone dysplasias, the common character of which is stippling of the epiphyses in infancy. The group includes a severe autosomal recessive form (CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA, RHIZOMELIC), an autosomal dominant form (Conradi-Hunermann syndrome), and a milder X-linked form. Metabolic defects associated with impaired peroxisomes are present only in the rhizomelic form.	0	3.09	1	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	2.17	1	0
Acetyl-CoA:alpha-Glucosaminide N-Acetyltransferase Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Mucopolysaccharidosis III Mucopolysaccharidosis characterized by heparitin sulfate in the urine, progressive mental retardation, mild dwarfism, and other skeletal disorders. There are four clinically indistinguishable but biochemically distinct forms, each due to a deficiency of a different enzyme.	0	2.17	1	0
Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)	0	7.17	1	0
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	0	4.15	3	1
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	0	4.15	3	1
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)	0	2.17	1	0
Autolysis The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.	0	2.17	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	6.21	32	1
Measles, German [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	0	2.17	1	0
Androgen-Independent Prostatic Cancer [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE which can grow in the presence of low or residual amount of androgen hormones such as TESTOSTERONE.	0	2.17	1	0
Granulomas [description not available]	0	8.23	6	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	0	3.23	6	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	0	3.02	4	0
Cronobacter Infections [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.	0	2.21	1	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	0	3.85	4	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	0	8.85	4	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	0	2.21	1	0
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.55	2	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	0	2.57	2	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	0	2.57	2	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	0	2.21	1	0
Enteric Fever [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Typhoid Fever An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.	0	2.21	1	0
Celiac Sprue [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.	0	7.66	3	0
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	0	3.12	1	0
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	0	3.12	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	0	4.39	8	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	0	4.6	10	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	0	4.39	8	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	0	4.6	10	0
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Mycosis [description not available]	0	2.78	3	0
Mucopolysaccharidosis [description not available]	0	3.17	1	0
Mucopolysaccharidoses Group of lysosomal storage diseases each caused by an inherited deficiency of an enzyme involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides). The diseases are progressive and often display a wide spectrum of clinical severity within one enzyme deficiency.	0	3.17	1	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	0	2.77	3	0
Hyperactivity, Motor [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available]	0	2.78	3	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	0	2.46	2	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	2.41	2	0
Acrania [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Pregnancy in Diabetes [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Neural Tube Defects Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)	0	7.08	1	0
Paraparesis Mild to moderate loss of bilateral lower extremity motor function, which may be a manifestation of SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; MUSCULAR DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; parasagittal brain lesions; and other conditions.	0	2.1	1	0
Paralysis, Legs [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Paraplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.	0	2.1	1	0
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	0	2.08	1	0
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	0	2.1	1	0
Airway Remodeling The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.	0	2.1	1	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	0	2.1	1	0
Acute Mesenteric Arterial Embolus [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.	0	4.17	3	1
Hyperinsulinism A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.	0	4.17	3	1
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	0	3.39	2	0
Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	0	2.1	1	0
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	0	2.46	2	0
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.	0	2.1	1	0
Thrombopenia [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	0	7.11	1	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	0	2.76	3	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	0	2.76	3	0
Cerebromeningitis [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	0	3.01	1	0
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available]	0	2.78	3	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	0	2.1	1	0
Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.	0	2.78	3	0
Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.	0	7.1	1	0
Dysphagia [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.	0	2.11	1	0
Glomerulonephritis, Minimal Change [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Nephrosis, Lipoid A kidney disease with no or minimal histological glomerular changes on light microscopy and with no immune deposits. It is characterized by lipid accumulation in the epithelial cells of KIDNEY TUBULES and in the URINE. Patients usually show NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA with accompanying EDEMA.	0	2.1	1	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	0	6.46	10	0
Ataxia of Gait [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Autosomal Dominant Cerebellar Ataxia, Type II [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Spinocerebellar Ataxias A group of predominately late-onset, cerebellar ataxias which have been divided into multiple subtypes based on clinical features and genetic mapping. Progressive ataxia is a central feature of these conditions, and in certain subtypes POLYNEUROPATHY; DYSARTHRIA; visual loss; and other disorders may develop. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch65, pp 12-17; J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1998 Jun;57(6):531-43)	0	2.48	2	0
Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.	0	2.11	1	0
Hypernutrition [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Blood Clot [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	0	2.11	1	0
Taste Disorder, Anterior Tongue [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Infections, Picornaviridae [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Aneuploid [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Infectious Diseases [description not available]	0	3.03	1	0
Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.	0	3.03	1	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	0	2.11	1	0
Hyperphagia Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.	0	2.11	1	0
Cortical Lewy Body Disease [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Lewy Body Disease A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124)	0	7.11	1	0
Heavy Metal Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of HEAVY METALS. Acute and chronic exposures can cause ANEMIA; KIDNEY and LIVER damage; PULMONARY EDEMA; MEMORY LOSS and behavioral changes; bone deformities in children; and MISCARRIAGE or PREMATURE LABOR in pregnant women.	0	2.13	1	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	0	2.13	1	0
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	0	3.9	4	0
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	0	3.9	4	0
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	0	2.13	1	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	0	4.78	4	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	0	9.78	4	0
Rift Valley Fever An acute infection caused by the RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS, an RNA arthropod-borne virus, affecting domestic animals and humans. In animals, symptoms include HEPATITIS; abortion (ABORTION, VETERINARY); and DEATH. In humans, symptoms range from those of a flu-like disease to hemorrhagic fever, ENCEPHALITIS, or BLINDNESS.	0	2.13	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	0	2.48	2	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	0	2.13	1	0
DDPAC [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Frontotemporal Dementia The most common clinical form of FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION, this dementia presents with personality and behavioral changes often associated with disinhibition, apathy, and lack of insight.	0	7.13	1	0
Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection [description not available]	0	2.55	2	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	7.48	2	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	0	2.15	1	0
Anasarca [description not available]	0	2.96	1	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	4.01	5	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	0	4.07	3	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	0	2.96	1	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	0	4.01	5	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	0	4.07	3	0
Newcastle Disease An acute febrile, contagious, viral disease of birds caused by an AVULAVIRUS called NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS. It is characterized by respiratory and nervous symptoms in fowl and is transmissible to man causing a severe, but transient conjunctivitis.	0	7.75	3	0
Nicotine Addiction [description not available]	0	3.36	2	0
Tobacco Use Disorder Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.	0	3.36	2	0
Smoking Cessation Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.	0	2.05	1	0
Dementias, Transmissible [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	0	2.69	3	0
Flavobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family FLAVOBACTERIACEAE.	0	2.05	1	0
Ascaridida Infections Infections with nematodes of the order ASCARIDIDA.	0	2.05	1	0
C gattii Infection [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Cryptococcosis Fungal infection caused by genus CRYPTOCOCCUS.	0	2.44	2	0
Aspergillus Infection [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	0	2.05	1	0
Tauopathies Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal tau protein isoforms (TAU PROTEINS) in neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of tau proteins are associated with mutation of the tau gene on chromosome 17 in patients with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; DEMENTIA; PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS; progressive supranuclear palsy (SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE); and corticobasal degeneration.	0	6.45	10	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	0	2.46	2	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	0	2.92	4	0
Protein Folding Diseases [description not available]	0	2.97	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	0	2.06	1	0
Avian Flu [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Influenza in Birds Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.	0	2.06	1	0
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	0	3.63	3	0
Clostridium tetani Infection [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Tetanus A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.	0	2.06	1	0
Corneal Angiogenesis [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	0	7.06	1	0
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	0	2.06	1	0
Corneal Neovascularization New blood vessels originating from the corneal blood vessels and extending from the limbus into the adjacent CORNEAL STROMA. Neovascularization in the superficial and/or deep corneal stroma is a sequel to numerous inflammatory diseases of the ocular anterior segment, such as TRACHOMA, viral interstitial KERATITIS, microbial KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS, and the immune response elicited by CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION.	0	2.06	1	0
Liver Abscess, Pyogenic Single or multiple areas of PUS due to bacterial infection within the hepatic parenchyma. It can be caused by a variety of BACTERIA, local or disseminated from infections elsewhere such as in APPENDICITIS; CHOLECYSTITIS; PERITONITIS; and after LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.	0	2.06	1	0
Infections, Klebsiella [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.	0	2.38	2	0
Apnea, Central [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Hypoventilation A reduction in the amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli.	0	2.07	1	0
Sleep Apnea, Central A condition associated with multiple episodes of sleep apnea which are distinguished from obstructive sleep apnea (SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE) by the complete cessation of efforts to breathe. This disorder is associated with dysfunction of central nervous system centers that regulate respiration.	0	2.07	1	0
Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available]	0	3.46	1	1
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	0	3.46	1	1
Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.	0	3.46	1	1
Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.	0	3.46	1	1
Genome Instability [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Cardiac Death [description not available]	0	7.07	1	0
Angiospasm, Intracranial [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Vasospasm, Intracranial Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).	0	2.07	1	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	0	3.46	1	1
Chronic Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Pancreatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.	0	2.07	1	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	0	2.08	1	0
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	0	2.08	1	0
Sterility, Male [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	0	2.08	1	0
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Vaginal Discharge A common gynecologic disorder characterized by an abnormal, nonbloody discharge from the genital tract.	0	2.01	1	0
Infection, Wound [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	2.41	2	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	0	2.69	3	0
Pemphigoid [description not available]	0	7.01	1	0
Pemphigoid, Bullous A chronic and relatively benign subepidermal blistering disease usually of the elderly and without histopathologic acantholysis.	0	2.01	1	0
Circulatory Collapse [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.	0	2.01	1	0
Ascariasis Infection by nematodes of the genus ASCARIS. Ingestion of infective eggs causes diarrhea and pneumonitis. Its distribution is more prevalent in areas of poor sanitation and where human feces are used for fertilizer.	0	1.93	1	0
African Sleeping Sickness [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Trypanosomiasis Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.	0	6.93	1	0
Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.	0	1.93	1	0
Alactasia [description not available]	0	4.91	6	0
Lactose Intolerance The condition resulting from the absence or deficiency of LACTASE in the MUCOSA cells of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, and the inability to break down LACTOSE in milk for ABSORPTION. Bacterial fermentation of the unabsorbed lactose leads to symptoms that range from a mild indigestion (DYSPEPSIA) to severe DIARRHEA. Lactose intolerance may be an inborn error or acquired.	0	4.91	6	0
Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.	0	2.93	1	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Emphysema A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs.	0	2.02	1	0
Oculopharyngeal Dystrophy [description not available]	0	4.27	2	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	0	2.94	1	0
Muscular Dystrophy, Oculopharyngeal An autosomal dominant hereditary disease that presents in late in life and is characterized by DYSPHAGIA and progressive ptosis of the eyelids. Mutations in the gene for POLY(A)-BINDING PROTEIN II have been associated with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.	1	6.27	2	0
Exertional Heat Illness [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Amentia [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.	0	2.03	1	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	2.4	2	0
Adipocere [description not available]	0	1.92	1	0
Malabsorption Syndromes General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.	0	5.61	13	0
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	1.95	1	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Nasal Bleeding [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Epistaxis Bleeding from the nose.	0	1.96	1	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	0	4.25	7	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.87	4	0
Bilharziasis [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Schistosomiasis Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.	0	1.95	1	0
Black Fever [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Leishmaniasis, Visceral A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.	0	1.98	1	0
Boils [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary Sarcoidosis affecting predominantly the lungs, the site most frequently involved and most commonly causing morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by sharply circumscribed granulomas in the alveolar, bronchial, and vascular walls, composed of tightly packed cells derived from the mononuclear phagocyte system. The clinical symptoms when present are dyspnea upon exertion, nonproductive cough, and wheezing. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p431)	0	1.98	1	0
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	0	1.98	1	0
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	1.98	1	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	0	1.98	1	0
AIDS Seroconversion [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Amputation, Traumatic Loss of a limb or other bodily appendage by accidental injury.	0	1.99	1	0
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	0	1.99	1	0
Flatus [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Flatulence Production or presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract which may be expelled through the anus.	0	1.99	1	0
Colicky Pain [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	0	2.4	2	0
Moniliasis, Oral [description not available]	0	2	1	0
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.	0	2	1	0
Candidiasis, Oral Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2	1	0
Granuloma, Respiratory Tract Granulomatous disorders affecting one or more sites in the respiratory tract.	0	2	1	0
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	0	7	1	0
Actinomycetales Infections Infections with bacteria of the order ACTINOMYCETALES.	0	2	1	0
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.	0	2	1	0
Babesia Infection [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	0	1.95	1	0
Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.	0	2.36	2	0
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Classic Galactosemia [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Galactosemias A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)	0	1.95	1	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Nutritional Disorders [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Nutrition Disorders Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.	0	1.95	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	6.98	1	0
Mast-Cell Sarcoma A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.	0	1.98	1	0
Hansen Disease [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Leprosy A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.	0	6.97	1	0
Brucella Infection [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Brucellosis Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.	0	1.96	1	0
Leukemia, Radiation-Induced Leukemia produced by exposure to IONIZING RADIATION or NON-IONIZING RADIATION.	0	1.96	1	0
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	0	1.97	1	0
Human Trichinellosis [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Trichinellosis An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.	0	2.36	2	0
Glycosuria The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).	0	2.36	2	0
Tuberculosis, Bovine An infection of cattle caused by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. It is transmissible to man and other animals.	0	1.96	1	0
Addison's Anemia [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Lipodystrophy, Intestinal [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	0	2.35	2	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	0	2.35	2	0
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	0	1.95	1	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	0	1.95	1	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	0	1.95	1	0
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	0	1.95	1	0
Abnormalities, Congenital, Nervous System [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	0	1.95	1	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	0	6.95	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	0	2.86	1	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	0	1.95	1	0
Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.	0	1.95	1	0

trehalose

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Occurs in Manufacturing (173 Items)

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