PDZ domain binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to a PDZ domain of a protein, a domain found in diverse signaling proteins. [GOC:go_curators, Pfam:PF00595]

PDZ domains are protein modules that bind to short peptide motifs, typically located at the C-termini of target proteins. These domains play crucial roles in protein-protein interactions, cellular signaling, and the organization of protein complexes. The binding specificity of PDZ domains is determined by the sequence and conformation of the target peptide.

PDZ domains typically recognize short linear motifs, often with a consensus sequence of (S/T)X(V/I/L) (where X represents any amino acid). The carboxyl-terminal residue of the target peptide interacts with a conserved hydrophobic pocket within the PDZ domain. Additionally, interactions between specific residues in the target peptide and the PDZ domain contribute to binding specificity.

The molecular function of PDZ domain binding can be categorized as follows:

1. **Scaffolding:** PDZ domains act as scaffolds, bringing together multiple proteins into functional complexes. This organization facilitates signal transduction pathways and regulates protein localization.
2. **Targeting and localization:** PDZ domains can direct proteins to specific cellular compartments by mediating interactions with membrane-associated proteins or cytoskeletal components.
3. **Signal transduction:** PDZ domains are involved in signal transduction pathways by mediating interactions between signaling molecules and their downstream targets. This can involve the regulation of protein phosphorylation, activation of downstream signaling cascades, and modulation of cellular responses.
4. **Regulation of protein activity:** PDZ domains can modulate the activity of target proteins by altering their conformation, localization, or interactions with other proteins.

PDZ domains are essential for a wide range of cellular processes, including cell adhesion, neuronal development, ion channel regulation, and immune signaling. Mutations or dysregulation of PDZ domains have been implicated in various human diseases, including cancer, neurodevelopmental disorders, and cardiovascular disease.'
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Proteins (25)

Compounds (1,055)