Triamcinolone is a synthetic corticosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Its synthesis involves multiple steps starting from prednisone and utilizing various chemical reactions. Triamcinolone is widely used in the treatment of inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and skin disorders. It works by suppressing the immune system, reducing inflammation, and inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators. The drug has a high affinity for glucocorticoid receptors, leading to its potent effects. Extensive research on triamcinolone focuses on understanding its mechanisms of action, optimizing its therapeutic uses, and exploring its potential for new applications. Its effectiveness in managing inflammatory conditions makes it an important drug in medicine.'
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739)
triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.
ID Source | ID |
---|---|
PubMed CID | 31307 |
CHEMBL ID | 1451 |
CHEBI ID | 9667 |
SCHEMBL ID | 4447 |
MeSH ID | M0021894 |
Synonym |
---|
MLS001066543 , |
AC-2072 |
MLS002695935 |
BRD-K77554836-001-03-3 |
gtpl2870 |
MLS000028542 , |
EU-0101179 |
BPBIO1_000154 |
rodinolone |
pregna-1,20-dione, 9-fluoro-11.beta.,16.alpha.,17,21-tetrahydroxy- |
9.alpha.-fluoro-16.alpha.-hydroxyprednisolone |
volon |
triamcinolone |
triam-tablinen |
nsc13397 |
aristocort |
nsc-13397 |
11.beta.,17.alpha.,21-tetrahydroxy-9.alpha.-fluoro-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione |
9.alpha.-fluoro-11.beta.,17.alpha.,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione |
triamcinlon |
prednisolone, 9-fluoro-16.alpha.-hydroxy- |
tricortale |
triamcinolon |
fluoxyprednisolone |
cl 19823 |
delphicort |
9.alpha.-fluoro-11.beta.,17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione |
sk-triamcinolone |
pregna-1,20-dione, 9-fluoro-11,16,17,21-tetrahydroxy-, (11.beta.,16.alpha.)- |
124-94-7 |
ledercort |
9.alpha.-fluoro-11.beta.,17,21-tetrahydroxy-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione |
triamcet |
celeste |
cinolone-t |
wln: l e5 b666 ov ku mutj a1 bf cq e1 fv1q fq gq |
adcortyl |
kenacort |
PRESTWICK_438 |
cas-124-94-7 |
PRESTWICK2_000120 |
LOPAC0_001179 |
BSPBIO_000140 |
9.alpha.-fluoro-11.beta.,16.alpha.,17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione |
pregna-1,4-diene-3, 20-dione, 9-fluoro-11.beta.,16.alpha.,17,21-tetrahydroxy- |
(8s,9r,10s,11s,13s,14s,16r,17s)-9-fluoro-11,16,17-trihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one |
9.alpha.-fluoro-11.beta.,16.alpha.,17,21-tetrahydroxy-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione |
9-fluoro-11,16,17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione |
11.beta.,16.alpha.,17.alpha., 21-tetrahydroxy-9.alpha.-fluoro-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione |
9.alpha.-fluoro-11.beta.,16.alpha.,17.alpha., 21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione |
SMP1_000300 |
9-alpha-fluoro-11-beta,16-alpha,17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione |
pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 9-fluoro-11,16,17,21-tetrahydroxy-, (11beta,16alpha) |
einecs 204-718-7 |
aristocort tablets |
triamcinolona [inn-spanish] |
mycolog |
tiamcinolonum [inn-latin] |
prednisolone, 9-fluoro-16alpha-hydroxy- |
nsc 13397 |
pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 9-fluoro-11,16,17,21-tetrahydroxy-, (11-beta,16-alpha)- |
11-beta,16-alpha,17-alpha,21-tetrahydroxy-9-alpha-fluoro-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione |
brn 2341955 |
hsdb 3194 |
9-alpha-fluoro-16-alpha-hydroxyprednisolone |
omcilon |
pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 9-fluoro-11beta,16alpha,17,21-tetrahydroxy- |
pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 9-fluoro-11,16,17,21-tetrahydroxy-, (11beta,16alpha)- |
kenacort-ag |
triamcinolonum [inn] |
triamcinalone |
11beta,16alpha,17alpha,21-tetrahydroxy-9alpha-fluoro-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione |
9alpha-fluoro-16alpha-hydroxyprednisolone |
9alpha-fluoro-11beta,16alpha,17alpha,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione |
9alpha-fluoro-11beta,16alpha,17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione |
9-fluoro-11beta,16alpha,17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione |
DB00620 |
triamcinolone (jp17/usp/inn) |
D00385 |
kenacort (tn) |
NCGC00021580-05 |
smr000058333 |
NCI60_000750 |
SPBIO_002079 |
PRESTWICK0_000120 |
PRESTWICK1_000120 |
PRESTWICK3_000120 |
NCGC00021580-04 |
NCGC00021580-03 |
NCGC00021580-06 |
HMS2090D12 |
NCGC00021580-07 |
chebi:9667 , |
fluoxiprednisolone |
CHEMBL1451 |
HMS1568G22 |
NCGC00021580-08 |
HMS3263L19 |
HMS2095G22 |
51855-44-8 |
pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 9-fluoro-11,16,17,21-tetrahydroxy-, (11beta,16alpha)-, tetrahydro deriv. |
tox21_300178 |
NCGC00254049-01 |
dtxcid9020742 |
tox21_111332 |
dtxsid1040742 , |
pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione,9-fluoro-11,16,17,21-tetrahydroxy-, (11b,16a)- |
CCG-205253 |
HMS2231E20 |
(8s,9r,10s,11s,13s,14s,16r,17s)-9-fluoro-11,16,17-trihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-3h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one |
triamcinolona |
triamcinolone [usp:inn:ban:jan] |
4-08-00-03629 (beilstein handbook reference) |
unii-1zk20vi6ty |
triamcinolonum |
tiamcinolonum |
1zk20vi6ty , |
triamcinolone, topical |
LP01179 |
(11beta,16alpha)-9-fluoro-11,16,17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione |
S1933 |
AKOS015895436 |
triamcinolone [ep monograph] |
triamcinolone [mi] |
triamcinolone [hsdb] |
triamcinolone [vandf] |
triamcinolone acetonide impurity a [ep impurity] |
triamcinolone [usp-rs] |
pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 9-fluoro-11,16,17,21-tetrahydroxy-, (11.beta.,16.alpha.) |
triamcinolone [who-dd] |
triamcinolone [jan] |
9-fluoro-11,beta,,16.alpha.,17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione |
triamcinolone [orange book] |
triamcinolone [inn] |
triamcinolone [mart.] |
triamcinolone [green book] |
triamcinolone [usp monograph] |
HY-B0328 |
SCHEMBL4447 |
NCGC00178404-03 |
tox21_111332_1 |
GFNANZIMVAIWHM-OBYCQNJPSA-N |
tox21_501179 |
NCGC00261864-01 |
cid_31307 |
bdbm41132 |
triamcinolone, british pharmacopoeia (bp) reference standard |
(1r,2s,10s,11s,13r,14s,15s,17s)-1-fluoro-13,14,17-trihydroxy-14-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadeca-3,6-dien-5-one |
sr-01000000079 |
SR-01000000079-3 |
triamcinolone, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard |
triamcinolone, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard |
triamcinolone acetonide imp. a (ep); triamcinolone; triamcinolone acetonide impurity a |
HMS3712G22 |
124-94-7 (free) |
3-[2[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]ethyl]-piperidine |
E70344 |
EX-A4109 |
AS-13657 |
BCP11941 |
brn-2341955 |
Q1074056 |
BRD-K77554836-001-14-0 |
SDCCGSBI-0051146.P002 |
NCGC00021580-16 |
triamcinolone (standard) |
CS-0695010 |
HY-B0328R |
(1s,2r,3as,3bs,9as,9br,10s,11as)-9b-fluoro-1,2,10-trihydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,7h,9ah,9bh,10h,11h,11ah-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-one |
EN300-7400440 |
triamcinolone (mart.) |
tiamcinolonum (inn-latin) |
triamcinolona (inn-spanish) |
triamcinolone (usp monograph) |
triamcinolone (usp:inn:ban:jan) |
triamcinolone (usp-rs) |
triamcinolone (ep monograph) |
Triamcinolone is a long acting corticosteroid used in the treatment of arthritis, eczema, psoriasis and similar conditions which cause inflammation. It is banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency in competition for athletes when administered orally, intravenously, intramuscularly, or rectally.
Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
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"Triamcinolone (TA) is a hormone corticosteroid drug used to treat edema, inflammation, and angiogenic eye diseases. " | ( Diabetic Retinopathy Analysis-Effects of Nanoparticle-Based Triamcinolone. Du, S; Jiang, F; Wang, H; Wang, Y, 2020) | 2.24 |
"Triamcinolone is a long acting corticosteroid used in the treatment of arthritis, eczema, psoriasis and similar conditions which cause inflammation. " | ( Optimization of Microemulsion Based Transdermal Gel of Triamcinolone. Chaudhari, B; Jagdale, S, 2017) | 2.15 |
"Triamcinolone (T) is a glucocorticoid commonly used to relieve inflammation and treat arthritis, severe allergies, and asthma; however, it is banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency in competition for athletes when administered orally, intravenously, intramuscularly, or rectally. " | ( Elimination profile of triamcinolone in urine following oral administration. Chang-Chien, GP; Chen, TT; Hsu, MC; Huang, TY; Tseng, YC, 2018) | 2.23 |
"Triamcinolone is a long-acting glucocorticoid medication that can be responsible for transient suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. " | ( Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome and secondary adrenal insufficiency related to concomitant triamcinolone and ritonavir administration: a case report and review. Bush, LM; Schroeder, JR; Song, Y, ) | 1.8 |
"Triamcinolone is a long-acting glucocorticoid medication that can be responsible for transient suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. " | ( Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome and secondary adrenal insufficiency related to concomitant triamcinolone and ritonavir administration: a case report and review. Bush, LM; Schroeder, JR; Song, Y, ) | 1.8 |
"Triamcinolone is an anti-inflammatory drug currently used in Ophthalmology for the treatment of various conditions. " | ( Severe complication during strabismus surgery. García de Oteyza, G; García de Oteyza, J, 2016) | 1.88 |
"Triamcinolone is a highly effective and safe short-term treatment for persistent physiological or pathological phimosis. " | ( Topical triamcinolone for persistent phimosis. Abdo, A; Barrieras, D; Franc-Guimond, J; Houle, AM; Letendre, J, 2009) | 2.23 |
"Triamcinolone acetonide is a steroidal antiinflammatory agent." | ( Inhibition of ultraviolet-B epidermal ornithine decarboxylase induction and skin carcinogenesis in hairless mice by topical indomethacin and triamcinolone acetonide. Breeding, J; Chalet, M; Connor, MJ; Lowe, NJ, 1982) | 1.19 |
"Triamcinolone is a commonly used synthetic corticosteroid that has recently been tested in a large clinical trial for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and shown to have some benefits. " | ( Triamcinolone: new and old indications. Doggrell, SA, 2001) | 3.2 |
Triamcinolone acetonide has been shown to decrease both cellular proliferation and collagen production by dermal fibroblasts. The drug has been widely used due to its efficacy in bringing about pain reduction for up to three months.
Triamcinolone does not increase pain relief or lengthen the effects of EUS-CPB. Triamcinlone may inhibit some cellular responses that accompany hypoxia.
Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
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"Triamcinolone does not increase pain relief or lengthen the effects of EUS-CPB." | ( Adding triamcinolone to endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus blockade does not reduce pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Costanzo, A; Kapural, L; Lopez, R; Parsi, MA; Stevens, T; Vargo, JJ, 2012) | 2.28 |
"Triamcinolone may inhibit some cellular responses that accompany hypoxia." | ( Triamcinolone does not alter glial cell activation in the experimentally detached rabbit retina. Bringmann, A; Pannicke, T; Reichenbach, A; Uckermann, O; Uhlmann, S; Wiedemann, P, 2005) | 2.49 |
"Triamcinolone failed to activate the glands of oophorectomized animals." | ( Triamcinolone-induced mammary activation in virgin mice. Lindenbaum, E; Silberman, M, 1978) | 2.42 |
Triamcinolone-treated CCI rats had a statistically significant reduction in the magnitude of heat-hyperalgesia and mechano-allodynia, but there was no effect on cold- allodynia or Mechano-hyper algesia. Triamcinlone treatment reduced the normalised overall amount of all SERCA mRNA in diaphragm by 70 % compared to controls.
Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
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"Triamcinolone treatment of BPS patients." | ( Urine Gene Expression Profiles in Bladder Pain Syndrome Patients Treated with Triamcinolone. Alcaraz, A; Franco, A; Gómez, A; Ingelmo-Torres, M; Izquierdo, L; Lozano, JJ; Mateu, L; Mengual, L; Montalbo, R; Peri, L, 2020) | 2.23 |
"Triamcinolone-treated CCI rats had a statistically significant reduction in the magnitude of heat-hyperalgesia and mechano-allodynia, but there was no effect on cold-allodynia or mechano-hyperalgesia." | ( Systemic glucocorticoid therapy reduces pain and the number of endoneurial tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-positive mast cells in rats with a painful peripheral neuropathy. Bennett, GJ; Hayashi, R; Kawamoto, M; Xiao, W; Yuge, O, 2008) | 1.07 |
"Triamcinolone treatment also resulted in small rises in serum glucagon but these changes did not appear to be of importance for the observed bimodal serum lipoprotein perturbations." | ( Origin and pattern of glucocorticoid-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Dose-dependent bimodal changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins in relation to hepatic lipogenesis and tissue lipoprotein lipase activity. Bar-On, H; Krausz, Y; Shafrir, E, 1981) | 0.98 |
"Triamcinolone pretreatment enhances the 2N facilitatory actions of amitriptyline (AMIT), 5 mg/kg i.v., when given after D,L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5--HTP), 50 mg/kg i.v., as compared to untreated control preparations." | ( Glucocorticoid effects on serotonergic and noradrenergic facilitation of spinal monosynaptic transmission. Hall, ED, 1980) | 0.98 |
"Triamcinolone pretreatment for 48 h, however, elevated the basal diglyceride levels, but the increase after the addition of PTH was totally abolished." | ( Effect of triamcinolone on parathyroid hormone-stimulated second messenger systems and phosphate transport in opossum kidney cells. Baldassare, JJ; Jacob, AK; Martin, KJ; McConkey, CL, 1994) | 1.41 |
"In triamcinolone-pretreated rats the structure of the cortex appeared to be virtually normal and tissue of medulla was only slightly damaged." | ( Protective effect of antiinflammatory corticosteroid triamcinolone in cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Gambaryan, SP; Reznik, LV, ) | 0.89 |
"Triamcinolone treatment (12 mg/kg intraperitoneally, once daily for 3 days) reduced mean right ventricular pressure (11 +/- 1 versus 14 +/- 1 mm Hg) and protein content of pulmonary arteries (1.8 +/- 0.1 versus 2.7 +/- 0.1 mg/vessel) (both p < 0.05)." | ( Effect of glucocorticoids on collagen accumulation in pulmonary vascular remodeling in the rat. Choe, JK; Poiani, GJ; Riley, DJ; Thakker-Varia, S; Tozzi, CA, 1994) | 1.01 |
"Triamcinolone treatment did not affect plasma protein and albumin levels but increased the level of plasma triglycerides and cholesterol in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and LDL but not high density lipoprotein fractions." | ( Hyperlipoproteinemia of aminonucleoside-induced nephrotic syndrome--modulation by glucocorticoids and triiodothyronine. Shafrir, E, 1996) | 1.02 |
"11 triamcinolone-treated rats)(P<0.01), which was paralleled by an increase in serum apoA-I (76+/-21 vs." | ( Effects of triamcinolone on brain and cerebrospinal fluid apolipoprotein E levels in rats. Akita, H; Chiba, H; Fuda, H; Hui, SP; Kobayashi, K; Nagasaka, H; Takahashi, Y, 1997) | 1.2 |
"Triamcinolone treatment also lessened the inhibition of glucose-6-phosphatase by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), but this effect was not due to an interaction of PLP with the active site." | ( Evidence that the transit of glucose into liver microsomes is not required for functional glucose-6-phosphatase. Annabi, B; van de Werve, G, 1997) | 1.02 |
"Triamcinolone acetonide treatment resulted in improvement from baseline of 17% for FEV1 (P < .0001); 44% for albuterol use (P = .0009); 9% for FVC (P = .0185); 19% for PEF (P = .0011); 42% for FEF25-75% (P < .0001); 8% for FEV1/FVC (P = .0016); 36% for daytime, 39% for nighttime, and 38% for total asthma symptoms (P < or = .0001); and 12% for morning, and 10% for evening PEF (P < or = .001). " | ( A controlled trial of twice daily triamcinolone oral inhaler in patients with mild-to-moderate asthma. Banerji, D; Fish, L; Graft, D; Higgins, N; Kavuru, M; Pleskow, W; Ramsdell, JW, 1998) | 2.02 |
"2. Triamcinolone treatment reduced the normalised overall amount of all SERCA mRNA in diaphragm by 70 % compared to controls (P < 0.05)." | ( Corticosteroids decrease mRNA levels of SERCA pumps, whereas they increase sarcolipin mRNA in the rat diaphragm. Decramer, M; Gayan-Ramirez, G; Vanzeir, L; Wuytack, F, 2000) | 0.82 |
"Triamcinolone treatment restored both activities to normal by 24 h." | ( Glucocorticoid regulation of hepatic 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase gene expression. Cayre, Y; Colosia, AD; el-Maghrabi, MR; Lange, AJ; Marker, AJ; Pilkis, SJ; Solomon, DH; Tauler, A, 1989) | 1 |
"Triamcinolone treatment resulted in no change in muscle fiber proportions." | ( Pathologic changes and contractile properties of the diaphragm in corticosteroid myopathy in hamsters: comparison to peripheral muscle. Bockhold, K; Bressler, B; Hards, JM; Pardy, RL; Wilcox, PG, 1989) | 1 |
"Treatment with triamcinolone (1 or 50 mg/kg/day) caused phosphaturia in rats fed a low-phosphate diet and also restored rhe phosphaturic effects of PTH." | ( Restoration of phosphaturic response to parathyroid hormone by glucocorticoid treatment in phosphorus-deprived rats. Berndt, JT; Czekalski, S; Dousa, TP; Holets, R; Knox, FG; Onsgard, M, 1982) | 0.6 |
"Pretreatment with triamcinolone resulted in much less severe changes in renal function after cisplatin administration (serum urea: triamcinolone plus cisplatin 14.29 +/- 1.90 mg/l, cisplatin alone 21.60 +/- 2.34 mg/l, p < 0.05, control 2.78 +/- 0.19 mg/l, serum creatinine: triamcinolone plus cisplatin 0.21 +/- 0.02 mg/l, cisplatin alone 0.30 +/- 0.02 mg/l, p < 0.05, control 0.06 +/- 0.01 mg/l)." | ( Protective effect of antiinflammatory corticosteroid triamcinolone in cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Gambaryan, SP; Reznik, LV, ) | 0.7 |
"Treatment with triamcinolone diacetate also reduced the level of several free amino acids and enhanced the activity of a myofibrillar protease in skeletal muscle." | ( Interaction of glucocorticoid hormones with rat skeletal muscle: catabolic effects and hormone binding. Kaiser, N; Mayer, M; Milholland, RJ; Rosen, F; Shafrir, E, 1976) | 0.6 |
"Pretreatment with triamcinolone and administration of exogenous alanine both attenuated the hypoglycemia and ketosis, It is concluded that 1) in states of heightened gluconeogenesis, alanine release from muscle may not keep pace with extraction by liver and blood alanine decreases; 2) the release of alanine, lactate, and pyruvate from muscle parallel each other suggesting common control factors; and 3) in the red state muscle is an important site of lactate disposition." | ( Alanine metabolism and gluconeogenesis in the rat. Berger, M; MacDonald, M; Neufeldt, N; Park, BN; Ruderman, N, 1976) | 0.58 |
"Treatment with triamcinolone is effective both in immature and in 55-day-old rats." | ( Stimulation of renal tubular transport of p-aminohippurate in rats of different ages by treatment with adrenocortical steroids. Bräunlich, H; Rassbach, H; Vogelsang, S, 1992) | 0.62 |
Intravitreal injection of preservative-free triamcinolone (Taioftal) is an effective, safe and inexpensive drug used to improve visual acuity and reduce central foveal thickness.
Plasma levels of triamcinolone were measured by RIA (radioimmunoassay) on 10 patients. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The validated method was successfully applied to determine the plasma concentrations in healthy volunteers.
Pulsed dye laser (PDL) combined with triamcinolone intralesional injection (TAILI) introduced for surgical scar prevention.
Triamcinolone has a role in improving the rate of absorption of subretinal fluid and macular exudates in Coats disease. When this glucocorticoid agent is given to patients receiving the HIV protease inhibitor (PI) ritonavir (RTV),inhibition of their shared cytochrome P450 3A4 degradation pathway leads to an increased bioavailability.
Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
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"The goal of this study was to establish a reliable method to evaluate systemic bioavailability and to determine equisystemic effects (microgram dose producing equal systemic cortisol suppression) of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)." | ( Systemic effect comparisons of six inhaled corticosteroid preparations. Boushey, HA; Cherniack, RM; Chinchilli, VM; Craig, TJ; Dolovich, M; Drazen, JM; Fagan, JK; Fahy, JV; Fish, JE; Ford, JG; Israel, E; Kraft, M; Kunselman, SJ; Lazarus, SC; Lemanske, RF; Martin, RJ; Peters, SP; Sorkness, CA; Szefler, SJ, 2002) | 0.31 |
" CONCLUSIONS Triamcinolone has a role in improving the rate of absorption of subretinal fluid and macular exudates in Coats disease." | ( Management of lipid exudates in Coats disease by adjuvant intravitreal triamcinolone: effects and complications. Bouhaimed, M; Moussa, M; Othman, IS, 2010) | 0.96 |
" However, when this glucocorticoid agent is given to patients receiving the HIV protease inhibitor (PI) ritonavir (RTV),inhibition of their shared cytochrome P450 3A4 degradation pathway leads to an increased bioavailability of triamcinolone, with subsequent heightening and prolongation of the glucocorticoid serum levels." | ( Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome and secondary adrenal insufficiency related to concomitant triamcinolone and ritonavir administration: a case report and review. Bush, LM; Schroeder, JR; Song, Y, ) | 0.54 |
" However, when this glucocorticoid agent is given to patients receiving the HIV protease inhibitor (PI) ritonavir (RTV),inhibition of their shared cytochrome P450 3A4 degradation pathway leads to an increased bioavailability of triamcinolone, with subsequent heightening and prolongation of the glucocorticoid serum levels." | ( Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome and secondary adrenal insufficiency related to concomitant triamcinolone and ritonavir administration: a case report and review. Bush, LM; Schroeder, JR; Song, Y, ) | 0.54 |
" This would be a promising tool to deliver triamcinolone with enhanced bioavailability and reduced dosing frequency." | ( Optimization of Microemulsion Based Transdermal Gel of Triamcinolone. Chaudhari, B; Jagdale, S, 2017) | 0.97 |
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs." | ( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019) | 0.51 |
" The intraocular instillation method can improve the bioavailability of TA by loading the drug on to a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)." | ( Diabetic Retinopathy Analysis-Effects of Nanoparticle-Based Triamcinolone. Du, S; Jiang, F; Wang, H; Wang, Y, 2020) | 0.8 |
" Herein we report a new, allosteric MMP-13 inhibitor, AQU-019, that has been optimized for potency, metabolic stability, and oral bioavailability through a combination of structure activity relationship (SAR) and deuterium substitution as a potential disease modifying OA drug (DMOAD)." | ( Development of a selective matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) inhibitor for the treatment of Osteoarthritis. Bendele, AM; Neelagiri, M; Neelagiri, V; Sucholeiki, I, 2021) | 0.62 |
The study was designed to compare beneficial and systemic effects of 800 micrograms of inhaled triamcinolone once daily at 3:00 PM. Thirty rats were injected either 3 or 5 times with triaminolone in a dosage equivalent to that given to human beings. This would be a promising tool to deliver triamsinolone with enhanced bioavailability and reduced dosing frequency.
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" Emphases of the description are general principles of treatment, indications and dosage in systemic and local treatment, side effects, problems of long-term treatment, application of ACTH, the cortisonoid withdrawal syndrome, prophylaxis of therapy complications and references to the reduction of the dose or to the withdrawal of the treatment with cortisonoids." | ( [Cortisonoids in the therapy of rheumatic diseases]. Reinicke, C, 1977) | 0.26 |
" Analysis of litters with deviant CP distribution, as well as of all suitable litters, indicated that only maternal treatment-day weight was significantly associated, inversely, with CP frequency-in spite of the treatment dosage having been weight-based." | ( Some sources of nongenetic variability in steroid-induced cleft palate in mice. Kalter, H, 1976) | 0.26 |
" The glucocorticoid effect on motoneuron outlasts the dosing period, suggesting an underlying alteration in the neuron." | ( Glucocorticoids and mammalian motor nerve excitability. Baker, T; Okamoto, M; Riker, WF, 1975) | 0.25 |
" A dose of 10-15 mg per day may be considered marginal for the development of cataract; dosage has no basic effect on the development of glaucoma." | ( [Ophthalmic complications in general corticoid therapy]. Cepilová, Z; Krchnavá, B; Porubská, M; Slámová, J, 1991) | 0.28 |
" A dose-response study, at the range of 2-40 mg/kg, showed that a significant decrease was noted at 6 mg/kg and it was maximal (45% inhibition) at 20 and 40 mg/kg." | ( Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in brain of rat by dexamethasone: lack of effect of dexamethasone phosphate ester and various hormonal steroids. Abu-Amer, Y; Shohami, E; Weidenfeld, J, 1988) | 0.27 |
" Five glucocorticoids, when administered daily to rats for 5-7 days at a dosage of 5mg/kg, were in the following order of effectiveness with respect to their ability to decrease the weight gain of whole animals and the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and gluteus medius muscles: corticosterone( Relative changes in the function of muscle ribosomes and mitochondria during the early phase of steroid-induced catabolism. | Bullock, GR; Carter, EE; Elliott, P; Peters, RF; Simpson, P; White, AM, 1972) 0.42 | |
" Glucocorticoid dosing significantly decreased the APO-induced depression of the spinal DRR, but not the similar action of APO on the MSR." | ( Glucocorticoid modification of spinal dopamine receptor activation by apomorphine. Hall, ED; Tyler, CV, 1983) | 0.27 |
" It is proposed that clinically the most advantageous dosage regimen is a once daily application with no loading dose." | ( Possible dosage regimens for topical steroids, assessed by vasoconstrictor assays using multiple applications. Barry, BW; Haigh, JM; Woodford, R, 1983) | 0.27 |
" Systemic absorption and consequent adverse effects are rarely a problem because of low dosage administered." | ( Intralesional corticosteroids. Callen, JP, 1981) | 0.26 |
"Studies in asthma with systemic corticosteroids given at 3:00 PM have shown a superior therapeutic benefit compared with dosing at other time points." | ( Chronotherapy of asthma with inhaled steroids: the effect of dosage timing on drug efficacy. Ackerson, LM; Martin, RJ; Pincus, DJ; Szefler, SJ, 1995) | 0.29 |
"The study was designed to compare beneficial and systemic effects of 800 micrograms of inhaled triamcinolone once daily at 3:00 PM (QD group) versus 200 micrograms conventional four times a day dosing (QID group)." | ( Chronotherapy of asthma with inhaled steroids: the effect of dosage timing on drug efficacy. Ackerson, LM; Martin, RJ; Pincus, DJ; Szefler, SJ, 1995) | 0.51 |
" A dosing strategy based on once daily dosing should increase compliance of inhaled steroid use in the clinical setting." | ( Chronotherapy of asthma with inhaled steroids: the effect of dosage timing on drug efficacy. Ackerson, LM; Martin, RJ; Pincus, DJ; Szefler, SJ, 1995) | 0.29 |
" Experiment 1 was conducted to determine the optimum dosage of TRI and to approximate the optimum interval from TRI to induction with DEX+CLO." | ( Induction of parturition in cattle: effect of triamcinolone pretreatment on the incidence of retained placenta. Barth, AD; Bo, GA; Mapletoft, RJ; Nasser, LF, 1994) | 0.55 |
" Potency estimates were made by comparing the dose-response of natural and synthetic glucocorticoids to that of corticosterone, the major glucocorticoid in rats." | ( Calcium-lowering action of glucocorticoids in adrenalectomized-parathyroidectomized rats. Specificity and relative potency of natural and synthetic glucocorticoids. Hirsch, PF; Mahgoub, A; Munson, PL, 1997) | 0.3 |
" Thirty rats were injected either 3 or 5 times with triamcinolone in a dosage equivalent to that given to human beings or 3 or 5 times with saline into the subacromial space." | ( Effect of steroid injections on the rotator cuff: an experimental study in rats. Franzén, LE; Karlsson, MH; Norlin, R; Tillander, B, ) | 0.38 |
" The selection of drugs and dosing schedules is therefore mainly guided by clinical experience." | ( Management of pyoderma gangrenosum. Mokni, M; Phillips, TJ, 2001) | 0.31 |
" The average dosage of the aforementioned solution was 6 mL (equivalent to 30 mg of triamcinolone) for the adults and 5 mL (equivalent to 25 mg of triamcinolone) for the pediatric patients." | ( Intralesional corticosteroids as an alternative treatment for central giant cell granuloma. Carlos, R; Sedano, HO, 2002) | 0.54 |
" For the six ICS and matching placebos (beclomethasone-chlorofluorocarbon [CFC], budesonide dry powder inhaler [DPI], fluticasone DPI, fluticasone-CFC metered dose inhaler [MDI], flunisolide-CFC, and triamcinolone-CFC), only the placebo group and fluticasone DPI did not demonstrate a significant dose-response effect." | ( Systemic effect comparisons of six inhaled corticosteroid preparations. Boushey, HA; Cherniack, RM; Chinchilli, VM; Craig, TJ; Dolovich, M; Drazen, JM; Fagan, JK; Fahy, JV; Fish, JE; Ford, JG; Israel, E; Kraft, M; Kunselman, SJ; Lazarus, SC; Lemanske, RF; Martin, RJ; Peters, SP; Sorkness, CA; Szefler, SJ, 2002) | 0.5 |
" Our patient demonstrated positive prick skin tests to triamcinolone in a dose-response manner, suggesting the likelihood that an immunoglobulin E-mediated hypersensitivity mechanism may play a role." | ( An anaphylactic reaction to intra-articular triamcinolone: a case report and review of the literature. Karsh, J; Yang, WH, 2003) | 0.83 |
" The questions covered frequency of intravitreal steroid injections, subspecialty interest, dosage and volume of steroid, patient preparation, surgeon preparation, and postoperative management." | ( National survey of the technique of intravitreal triamcinolone injection in the United Kingdom. Anijeet, DR; Bates, RA; Bhagey, J; Hanson, RJ, 2007) | 0.59 |
" The dosage of systemic steroids had to be augmented in two eyes." | ( [Uveitic cystoid macular edema: intravitreal triamcinolone]. Feucht, M; Pressmar, S; Richard, G; Sturm, V; Weissmann, J, 2007) | 0.6 |
"Thermal analysis has been widely used for obtaining information about drug-polymer interactions and for pre-formulation studies of pharmaceutical dosage forms." | ( Thermal behavior and stability of biodegradable spray-dried microparticles containing triamcinolone. da Silva, AA; de Matos, JR; de Oliveira, AG; do Egito, ES; Formariz, TP; Rossanezi, G; Scarpa, MV, 2009) | 0.58 |
" More studies are required to determine the optimal dosage and treatment frequency in different posterior segment disease." | ( Pharmacotherapeutic efficacy of preservative-free intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. Gillies, M; Kuo, CH; McCluskey, P, 2010) | 0.6 |
" Combination therapy can reduce the dosage of each drug but achieve equal or better efficacy than monotherapy, reducing the side effects of a single drug." | ( The effect of combined steroid and calcium channel blocker injection on human hypertrophic scars in animal model: a new strategy for the treatment of hypertrophic scars. Huang, CY; Yang, JY, 2010) | 0.36 |
" Despite the limitations of only partial maximum inhibitions, this cell-based assay could be used to quantitate the suppressing ability of glucocorticoids (transrepression potency) on the expression of proinflammatory transcription factors caused by two different cytokines in parallel both in a detailed, full dose-response format as well as in a simpler single-dose format." | ( Effects of representative glucocorticoids on TNFα- and CD40L-induced NF-κB activation in sensor cells. Buchwald, P; Cechin, SR, 2014) | 0.4 |
"We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared intravitreal steroids, of any dosage and duration of treatment of at least six months, with observation for the treatment of CRVO-ME." | ( Intravitreal steroids versus observation for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion. Gewaily, D; Greenberg, PB; Muthuswamy, K, 2015) | 0.42 |
" This would be a promising tool to deliver triamcinolone with enhanced bioavailability and reduced dosing frequency." | ( Optimization of Microemulsion Based Transdermal Gel of Triamcinolone. Chaudhari, B; Jagdale, S, 2017) | 0.97 |
" Moreover, the elimination profile of orally administered T may be crucial information for distinguishing different dosage routes." | ( Elimination profile of triamcinolone in urine following oral administration. Chang-Chien, GP; Chen, TT; Hsu, MC; Huang, TY; Tseng, YC, 2018) | 0.79 |
" oral dexamethasone versus oral prednisone), with consideration for dosing and pharmacokinetic properties, to better identify the optimal IM or oral corticosteroid regimens to improve patient outcomes." | ( Intramuscular versus oral corticosteroids to reduce relapses following discharge from the emergency department for acute asthma. Campbell, S; Cross, E; Kirkland, SW; Rowe, BH; Villa-Roel, C, 2018) | 0.48 |
" Median cumulative ESI dosage was 340 mg of triamcinolone or equivalent (range: 150 to 1400 mg)." | ( Lower Spine Volumetric Bone Density in Patients With a History of Epidural Steroid Injections. Bockman, RS; Carrino, JA; Chukir, T; Dash, AS; Do, H; Hughes, AP; Liu, Y; Press, JM; Stein, EM, 2018) | 0.74 |
"1% cream dosed at least twice daily for a course of 12 weeks." | ( Randomized open-label trial comparing topical prescription triamcinolone to over-the-counter hydrocortisone for the treatment of phimosis. Abdelhalim, A; Chalmers, CL; Chamberlin, JD; Chuang, KW; Davis-Dao, CA; Dorgalli, C; Kelly, MS; Khoury, AE; McAleer, IM; Stephany, HA; Wang, ZT; Wehbi, EJ, 2019) | 0.76 |
" The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of corticosteroid dosage on serum glucose levels when used to treat common hand disorders in diabetic patients." | ( A Prospective Study on the Effect of Corticosteroid Injection Dosage for Hand Disorders in Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetics. Askari, M; Chen, DL; Donnally, CJ; Friend, ME; Lekic, N; Patel, AA, 2018) | 0.48 |
" The size and number of the aggregates was determined for undiluted commercial steroid preparations in the usual amount for a single and double dosage used for ESI." | ( Microscopic Study of Injectable Steroids: Effects of Postmixing Time on Particle Aggregation. Alvarez-Escudero, J; Cedeno, DL; Martinez, MF; Nebreda-Clavo, C; Orduna-Valls, JM; Ruiz-Sauri, A; Tornero-Tornero, C; Valverde-Navarro, AA, 2020) | 0.56 |
" All ICSI were performed using sterile techniques, the number of ICSI in each hip and the cumulative corticosteroid dosage were assessed." | ( How safe are intra-articular corticosteroid injections to the hip? Boettner, CS; Boettner, F; Braun, S; Brenneis, M; Spilo, K; Streck, LE, 2023) | 0.91 |
Role | Description |
---|---|
anti-allergic agent | A drug used to treat allergic reactions. |
anti-inflammatory drug | A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation. |
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] |
Class | Description |
---|---|
fluorinated steroid | A steroid which is substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in any position. |
11beta-hydroxy steroid | Any 11-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has beta- configuration. |
20-oxo steroid | An oxo steroid carrying an oxo group at position 20. |
21-hydroxy steroid | |
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid | A 3-oxo steroid conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position. |
glucocorticoid | Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood. |
17alpha-hydroxy steroid | The alpha-stereoisomer of 17-hydroxy steroid. |
16alpha-hydroxy steroid | A 16-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 16 has alpha-configuration. |
C21-steroid hormone | A steroid compound with a structure based on a 21-carbon (pregnane) skeleton that acts as a hormone. |
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a -CH2 (methylene) group. |
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing two organyl groups. |
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] |
Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chain A, HADH2 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.1189 | 0.0251 | 20.2376 | 39.8107 | AID893 |
Chain B, HADH2 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.1189 | 0.0251 | 20.2376 | 39.8107 | AID893 |
glp-1 receptor, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.0000 | 0.0184 | 6.8060 | 14.1254 | AID624417 |
thioredoxin reductase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 29.7607 | 0.1000 | 20.8793 | 79.4328 | AID488773; AID588453 |
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 0.2298 | 0.0060 | 38.0041 | 19,952.5996 | AID1159523 |
SMAD family member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.9167 | 0.1737 | 34.3047 | 61.8120 | AID1346924 |
ATAD5 protein, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 20.5962 | 0.0041 | 10.8903 | 31.5287 | AID504467 |
NFKB1 protein, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0282 | 0.0282 | 7.0559 | 15.8489 | AID895; AID928 |
SMAD family member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.9167 | 0.1737 | 34.3047 | 61.8120 | AID1346924 |
GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0386 | 0.0007 | 14.5928 | 83.7951 | AID1259369; AID1259392 |
AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.8002 | 0.0002 | 21.2231 | 8,912.5098 | AID1259243; AID1259247; AID1259381; AID588515; AID743036; AID743040; AID743042; AID743053; AID743054; AID743063 |
thioredoxin glutathione reductase | Schistosoma mansoni | Potency | 50.1187 | 0.1000 | 22.9075 | 100.0000 | AID485364 |
Smad3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.2239 | 0.0052 | 7.8098 | 29.0929 | AID588855 |
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0316 | 0.0013 | 7.7625 | 44.6684 | AID914; AID915 |
progesterone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.7048 | 0.0004 | 17.9460 | 75.1148 | AID1346784; AID1347036 |
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.1457 | 0.0002 | 14.3764 | 60.0339 | AID588532; AID720691; AID720692; AID720719 |
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.4216 | 0.0015 | 30.6073 | 15,848.9004 | AID1224841; AID1259401 |
pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 21.0819 | 0.0054 | 28.0263 | 1,258.9301 | AID1346982; AID720659 |
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.1312 | 0.0002 | 29.3054 | 16,493.5996 | AID743075; AID743078; AID743079; AID743080; AID743091 |
arylsulfatase A | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.0691 | 1.0691 | 13.9551 | 37.9330 | AID720538 |
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 29.7357 | 0.0355 | 20.9770 | 89.1251 | AID504332 |
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.9485 | 0.0017 | 23.8393 | 78.1014 | AID743083 |
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0045 | 0.5406 | 17.6392 | 96.1227 | AID2364; AID2528 |
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 75.6863 | 23.9341 | 23.9341 | 23.9341 | AID1967 |
chromobox protein homolog 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 44.6684 | 0.0060 | 26.1688 | 89.1251 | AID488953 |
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.2514 | 0.0041 | 9.9848 | 25.9290 | AID504444; AID720524 |
heat shock protein beta-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.6819 | 0.0420 | 27.3789 | 61.6448 | AID743210 |
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.7932 | 0.0006 | 27.2152 | 1,122.0200 | AID743202; AID743219 |
geminin | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.5623 | 0.0046 | 11.3741 | 33.4983 | AID624297 |
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.9526 | 0.0316 | 10.2792 | 39.8107 | AID884; AID885 |
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.1220 | 0.0041 | 9.9625 | 28.1838 | AID2675 |
lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0224 | 0.8913 | 12.0676 | 28.1838 | AID1487 |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
Interferon beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.4536 | 0.0033 | 9.1582 | 39.8107 | AID1347407 |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
GABA theta subunit | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0119 | 0.0119 | 17.9420 | 71.5630 | AID651632 |
Ataxin-2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0119 | 0.0119 | 12.2221 | 68.7989 | AID651632 |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] |
Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
procathepsin L isoform 1 preproprotein | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 50.0000 | 0.0016 | 3.9614 | 31.1549 | AID1627; AID825 |
Glucocorticoid receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.0580 | 0.0000 | 0.4953 | 10.0000 | AID625263 |
Glucocorticoid receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0260 | 0.0001 | 0.3863 | 7.0010 | AID625263 |
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.0580 | 0.0015 | 0.7600 | 5.0740 | AID625263 |
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 0.0260 | 0.0007 | 0.7653 | 7.0010 | AID625263 |
Cytochrome P450 2C9 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 9.4700 | 0.0000 | 2.8005 | 10.0000 | AID1210069 |
Glycine receptor subunit beta | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.0580 | 0.0015 | 0.7600 | 5.0740 | AID625263 |
Glycine receptor subunit beta | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 0.0260 | 0.0007 | 0.7846 | 7.0010 | AID625263 |
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.0580 | 0.0015 | 0.8044 | 5.0740 | AID625263 |
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 0.0260 | 0.0007 | 0.7846 | 7.0010 | AID625263 |
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 (µMol) | 0.0580 | 0.0015 | 0.7600 | 5.0740 | AID625263 |
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 0.0260 | 0.0007 | 0.7846 | 7.0010 | AID625263 |
Cytochrome P450 2J2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 9.4700 | 0.0120 | 2.5312 | 9.4700 | AID1210069 |
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] |
Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
---|---|---|---|---|
AID1347122 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for U-2 OS cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347425 | Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1) | 2019 | The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46 | Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens. |
AID1347101 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347424 | RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1) | 2019 | The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46 | Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens. |
AID1347121 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347083 | qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen | 2020 | Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173 | A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity. |
AID1347125 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh18 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347099 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347106 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347089 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347139 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D viability screen for TC32 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347112 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for BT-12 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347104 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347113 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for LAN-5 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1745845 | Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression | |||
AID1347090 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347126 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh30 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347135 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D viability screen for SK-N-SH cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347137 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D viability screen for Daoy cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347110 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for A673 cells) | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347407 | qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection | 2020 | ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7 | High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle. |
AID1347098 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347092 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347123 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh41 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347108 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347119 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347109 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for NB1643 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347117 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for BT-37 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347127 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Saos-2 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347136 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D viability screen for SJ-GBM2 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347107 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1508630 | Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay | 2021 | Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4 | A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome. |
AID1347096 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1296008 | Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening | 2020 | SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1 | Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening. |
AID1347124 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for RD cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347103 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347114 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for DAOY cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347097 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347129 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SK-N-SH cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347128 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for OHS-50 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347141 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D viability screen for RD cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID651635 | Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression | |||
AID1347111 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SK-N-MC cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347102 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347086 | qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal | 2020 | Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173 | A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity. |
AID1347094 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347095 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347100 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347091 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347115 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for NB-EBc1 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347093 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347118 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for TC32 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347082 | qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal | 2020 | Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173 | A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity. |
AID1347138 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D caspase screen for TC32 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347116 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SJ-GBM2 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347140 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D viability screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID1347154 | Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors | 2020 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49 | Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors. |
AID1347105 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
AID588349 | qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation of Cytotoxic Assay | |||
AID1347405 | qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS LOPAC collection | 2020 | ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7 | High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle. |
AID588378 | qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation | |||
AID504836 | Inducers of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response (ERSR) in human glioma: Validation | 2002 | The Journal of biological chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 277, Issue:16 | Sustained ER Ca2+ depletion suppresses protein synthesis and induces activation-enhanced cell death in mast cells. |
AID1347151 | Optimization of GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay | 2020 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49 | Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors. |
AID1347414 | qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: Secondary screen by immunofluorescence | 2020 | ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7 | High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle. |
AID1347050 | Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr2) antagonism - Pilot subtype selectivity assay | 2019 | Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500 | Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice. |
AID1347059 | CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - Alpha assay qHTS validation | 2019 | PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7 | Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors. |
AID1347045 | Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot counterscreen GloSensor control cell line | 2019 | Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500 | Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice. |
AID1347412 | qHTS assay to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: Counter screen cell viability and HiBit confirmation | 2020 | ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7 | High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle. |
AID504812 | Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign | 2010 | Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7 | A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. |
AID1347049 | Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot screen | 2019 | Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500 | Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice. |
AID1347057 | CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - LANCE assay qHTS validation | 2019 | PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7 | Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors. |
AID1347410 | qHTS for inhibitors of adenylyl cyclases using a fission yeast platform: a pilot screen against the NCATS LOPAC library | 2019 | Cellular signalling, 08, Volume: 60 | A fission yeast platform for heterologous expression of mammalian adenylyl cyclases and high throughput screening. |
AID504810 | Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign | 2010 | Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7 | A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. |
AID1347058 | CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - HTRF assay qHTS validation | 2019 | PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7 | Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors. |
AID588499 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
AID588499 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
AID588499 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
AID588497 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
AID588497 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
AID588497 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
AID588501 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
AID588501 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
AID588501 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
AID384955 | Intrinsic aqueous solubility at pH 10 by shake-flask method | 2008 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-22, Volume: 51, Issue:10 | Molecular characteristics for solid-state limited solubility. |
AID496830 | Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania major | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6 | Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species. |
AID409956 | Inhibition of mouse brain MAOB | 2008 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 51, Issue:21 | Quantitative structure-activity relationship and complex network approach to monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors. |
AID678717 | Inhibition of human CYP3A4 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 7-benzyloxyquinoline as substrate after 30 mins | 2012 | Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10 | Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds. |
AID625279 | Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia | 2011 | PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12 | Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps). |
AID74376 | Relative binding affinity to glucocorticoid receptor on cytosol from liver at 4 hr | 1988 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6 | Binding of steroids to the progestin and glucocorticoid receptors analyzed by correspondence analysis. |
AID625286 | Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis | 2011 | PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12 | Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps). |
AID1210074 | Inhibition of CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes using phenacetin substrate by LC-MS/MS method | 2013 | Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1 | Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors. |
AID678712 | Inhibition of human CYP1A2 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using ethoxyresorufin as substrate after 30 mins | 2012 | Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10 | Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds. |
AID625288 | Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice | 2011 | PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12 | Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps). |
AID496829 | Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania infantum | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6 | Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species. |
AID625289 | Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease | 2011 | PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12 | Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps). |
AID678716 | Inhibition of human CYP3A4 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using diethoxyfluorescein as substrate after 30 mins | 2012 | Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10 | Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds. |
AID588211 | Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans | 2010 | Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1 | Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species. |
AID188016 | Anti-inflammatory effect in rat granuloma assay, activity relative to hydrocortisone and hydrocortisone 21-acetate | 1983 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 26, Issue:3 | Structure-activity relationships in the antiinflammatory steroids: a pattern-recognition approach. |
AID1210069 | Inhibition of human recombinant CYP2J2 assessed as reduction in astemizole O-demethylation by LC-MS/MS method | 2013 | Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1 | Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors. |
AID977602 | Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM | 2013 | Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6 | Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors. |
AID39320 | Relative binding affinity for androgen receptor of prostate of rat at 2 hr | 1988 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6 | Binding of steroids to the progestin and glucocorticoid receptors analyzed by correspondence analysis. |
AID625287 | Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly | 2011 | PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12 | Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps). |
AID678722 | Covalent binding affinity to human liver microsomes assessed per mg of protein at 10 uM after 60 mins presence of NADPH | 2012 | Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10 | Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds. |
AID74377 | Relative binding affinity to glucocorticoid receptor on cytosol from thymus at 24 hr | 1988 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6 | Binding of steroids to the progestin and glucocorticoid receptors analyzed by correspondence analysis. |
AID467612 | Fraction unbound in human plasma | 2009 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 44, Issue:11 | Prediction of volume of distribution values in human using immobilized artificial membrane partitioning coefficients, the fraction of compound ionized and plasma protein binding data. |
AID346025 | Binding affinity to beta cyclodextrin | 2009 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2 | Convenient QSAR model for predicting the complexation of structurally diverse compounds with beta-cyclodextrins. |
AID625291 | Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal | 2011 | PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12 | Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps). |
AID625292 | Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score | 2011 | PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12 | Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps). |
AID625285 | Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis | 2011 | PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12 | Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps). |
AID1656448 | In vivo inhibition of beta-glucuronidase in OF1 mouse at 10 mg/kg, po after 8 days relative to control | 2020 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187 | Therapeutic significance of β-glucuronidase activity and its inhibitors: A review. |
AID507145 | Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of DNA replication by imaging analysis | 2008 | Nature chemical biology, Jan, Volume: 4, Issue:1 | Integrating high-content screening and ligand-target prediction to identify mechanism of action. |
AID625282 | Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis | 2011 | PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12 | Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps). |
AID496824 | Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6 | Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species. |
AID625290 | Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty | 2011 | PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12 | Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps). |
AID1769778 | Chondro-protective activity in MIA-induced Sprague-Dawley rat osteoarthritis model assessed as reduction of cell loss at 0.06 mg, ia administered once per week for 3 weeks starting from 5 days post MIA treatment and measured after 26 days post MIA injecti | 2021 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 224 | Development of a selective matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) inhibitor for the treatment of Osteoarthritis. |
AID625283 | Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests | 2011 | PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12 | Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps). |
AID496825 | Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania mexicana | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6 | Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species. |
AID521220 | Inhibition of neurosphere proliferation of mouse neural precursor cells by MTT assay | 2007 | Nature chemical biology, May, Volume: 3, Issue:5 | Chemical genetics reveals a complex functional ground state of neural stem cells. |
AID496827 | Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania amazonensis | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6 | Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species. |
AID1769779 | Chondro-protective activity in MIA-induced Sprague-Dawley rat osteoarthritis model assessed as reduction of bone resorption in medial femoral condyle at 0.06 mg, ia administered once per week for 3 weeks starting from 5 days post MIA treatment and measure | 2021 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 224 | Development of a selective matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) inhibitor for the treatment of Osteoarthritis. |
AID126435 | Relative binding affinity for mineralocorticoid receptor of rat kidney at 24 hr | 1988 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6 | Binding of steroids to the progestin and glucocorticoid receptors analyzed by correspondence analysis. |
AID678714 | Inhibition of human CYP2C19 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 3-butyryl-7-methoxycoumarin as substrate after 30 mins | 2012 | Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10 | Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds. |
AID1769782 | Chondro-protective activity in MIA-induced Sprague-Dawley rat osteoarthritis model assessed as reduction of osteophyte score at 0.06 mg, ia administered once per week for 3 weeks starting from 5 days post MIA treatment and measured after 26 days post MIA | 2021 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 224 | Development of a selective matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) inhibitor for the treatment of Osteoarthritis. |
AID467613 | Volume of distribution at steady state in human | 2009 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 44, Issue:11 | Prediction of volume of distribution values in human using immobilized artificial membrane partitioning coefficients, the fraction of compound ionized and plasma protein binding data. |
AID496819 | Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium falciparum | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6 | Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species. |
AID1769781 | Chondro-protective activity in MIA-induced Sprague-Dawley rat osteoarthritis model assessed as reduction of bone resorption in tibia at 0.06 mg, ia administered once per week for 3 weeks starting from 5 days post MIA treatment and measured after 26 days p | 2021 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 224 | Development of a selective matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) inhibitor for the treatment of Osteoarthritis. |
AID1769780 | Chondro-protective activity in MIA-induced Sprague-Dawley rat osteoarthritis model assessed as reduction of bone resorption in lateral femoral condyle at 0.06 mg, ia administered once per week for 3 weeks starting from 5 days post MIA treatment and measur | 2021 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 224 | Development of a selective matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) inhibitor for the treatment of Osteoarthritis. |
AID91224 | Antiinflammatory activity measured by using McKenzie-Stoughton human vasoconstrictor assay | 1986 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 29, Issue:11 | Computer-aided studies of the structure-activity relationships between the structure of some steroids and their antiinflammatory activity. |
AID977599 | Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM | 2013 | Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6 | Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors. |
AID625280 | Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis | 2011 | PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12 | Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps). |
AID311367 | Permeability coefficient in human skin | 2007 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 15, Issue:22 | Transdermal penetration behaviour of drugs: CART-clustering, QSPR and selection of model compounds. |
AID588212 | Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents | 2010 | Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1 | Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species. |
AID310931 | Partition coefficient, log P of the compound | 2007 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-22, Volume: 50, Issue:4 | In silico and in vitro filters for the fast estimation of skin permeation and distribution of new chemical entities. |
AID1132664 | Glucocorticoid activity in sc dosed bilaterally adrenalectomized rat assessed as glycogen deposition in liver administered for 5 days relative to cortisol | 1978 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 21, Issue:5 | A Fujita--Ban structure--activity analysis of 44 steroids. |
AID1210073 | Inhibition of CYP2C19 in human liver microsomes using omeprazole substrate by LC-MS/MS method | 2013 | Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1 | Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors. |
AID678721 | Metabolic stability in human liver microsomes assessed as GSH adduct formation at 100 uM after 90 mins by HPLC-MS analysis | 2012 | Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10 | Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds. |
AID496818 | Antimicrobial activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6 | Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species. |
AID496820 | Antimicrobial activity against Trypanosoma brucei | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6 | Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species. |
AID507146 | Inhibition of mitosis in human HeLa cells by imaging analysis | 2008 | Nature chemical biology, Jan, Volume: 4, Issue:1 | Integrating high-content screening and ligand-target prediction to identify mechanism of action. |
AID625284 | Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure | 2011 | PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12 | Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps). |
AID496821 | Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6 | Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species. |
AID496831 | Antimicrobial activity against Cryptosporidium parvum | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6 | Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species. |
AID74375 | Relative binding affinity to glucocorticoid receptor on cytosol from liver at 24 hr | 1988 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6 | Binding of steroids to the progestin and glucocorticoid receptors analyzed by correspondence analysis. |
AID678713 | Inhibition of human CYP2C9 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 7-methoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin-3-acetic acid as substrate after 30 mins | 2012 | Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10 | Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds. |
AID213396 | Glucocorticoid induced Tyrosine Aminotransferase activity relative to Dexamethasone | 1988 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6 | Binding of steroids to the progestin and glucocorticoid receptors analyzed by correspondence analysis. |
AID1210071 | Inhibition of CYP3A4 in human liver microsomes using testosterone substrate by LC-MS/MS method | 2013 | Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1 | Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors. |
AID310933 | Permeability across PAMPA membrane after 7 hrs | 2007 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-22, Volume: 50, Issue:4 | In silico and in vitro filters for the fast estimation of skin permeation and distribution of new chemical entities. |
AID1210070 | Inhibition of CYP2D6 in human liver microsomes using bufuralol substrate by LC-MS/MS method | 2013 | Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1 | Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors. |
AID1210072 | Inhibition of CYP2C9 in human liver microsomes using tolbutamide substrate by LC-MS/MS method | 2013 | Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1 | Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors. |
AID74378 | Relative binding affinity to glucocorticoid receptor on cytosol from thymus at 4 hr | 1988 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6 | Binding of steroids to the progestin and glucocorticoid receptors analyzed by correspondence analysis. |
AID496826 | Antimicrobial activity against Entamoeba histolytica | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6 | Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species. |
AID496832 | Antimicrobial activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6 | Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species. |
AID625281 | Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis | 2011 | PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12 | Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps). |
AID588213 | Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents | 2010 | Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1 | Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species. |
AID74373 | Relative binding affinity to glucocorticoid receptor on cytosol from hepatoma tissue cells at 24 hr | 1988 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6 | Binding of steroids to the progestin and glucocorticoid receptors analyzed by correspondence analysis. |
AID496828 | Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania donovani | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6 | Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species. |
AID496823 | Antimicrobial activity against Trichomonas vaginalis | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6 | Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species. |
AID162613 | Relative binding affinity for progestin receptor of uterus of rabbit at 24 hr | 1988 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6 | Binding of steroids to the progestin and glucocorticoid receptors analyzed by correspondence analysis. |
AID74374 | Relative binding affinity to glucocorticoid receptor on cytosol from hepatoma tissue cells at 4 hr | 1988 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6 | Binding of steroids to the progestin and glucocorticoid receptors analyzed by correspondence analysis. |
AID90104 | Potency relative to fluocinolone 16,17-acetonide in the human vasoconstictor test | 1983 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 26, Issue:3 | Structure-activity relationships in the antiinflammatory steroids: a pattern-recognition approach. |
AID497005 | Antimicrobial activity against Pneumocystis carinii | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6 | Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species. |
AID496817 | Antimicrobial activity against Trypanosoma cruzi | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6 | Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species. |
AID678715 | Inhibition of human CYP2D6 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 4-methylaminoethyl-7-methoxycoumarin as substrate after 30 mins | 2012 | Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10 | Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds. |
AID1346987 | P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen | 2019 | Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5 | A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. |
AID1346986 | P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen | 2019 | Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5 | A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. |
AID588519 | A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities | 2011 | Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3 | High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors. |
AID540299 | A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21 | Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. |
AID1159550 | Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening | 2015 | Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11 | 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling. |
AID1346849 | Human Glucocorticoid receptor (3C. 3-Ketosteroid receptors) | 2000 | The Journal of biological chemistry, Jun-23, Volume: 275, Issue:25 | Functional probing of the human glucocorticoid receptor steroid-interacting surface by site-directed mutagenesis. Gln-642 plays an important role in steroid recognition and binding. |
AID1794808 | Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL). | 2014 | Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6 | A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum. |
AID1794808 | Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL). | |||
AID1159607 | Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction | 2016 | Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6 | A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway. |
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] |
Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 1900 (51.10) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 287 (7.72) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 552 (14.85) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 770 (20.71) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 209 (5.62) | 2.80 |
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] |
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (125.62) All Compounds (24.57) |
Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
---|---|---|
Trials | 408 (9.96%) | 5.53% |
Reviews | 229 (5.59%) | 6.00% |
Case Studies | 785 (19.16%) | 4.05% |
Observational | 18 (0.44%) | 0.25% |
Other | 2,658 (64.86%) | 84.16% |
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] |
Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dosing of Intra-articular Triamcinolone Hexacetonide for Knee Synovitis in Chronic Polyarthritis [NCT02437461] | Phase 4 | 159 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-04-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
A Randomized Trial Comparing Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide and Laser Photocoagulation for Diabetic Macular Edema [NCT00367133] | Phase 3 | 840 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-07-31 | Completed | ||
A Phase 2b, Randomized, Double-masked, Multicenter, Dose-ranging, Sham-controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate Intravitreal JNJ-81201887 (AAVCAGsCD59) Compared to Sham Procedure for the Treatment of Geographic Atrophy (GA) Secondary to Age-related Macular D [NCT05811351] | Phase 2 | 300 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-03-06 | Recruiting | ||
Suprascapular Nerve Block for Treatment of Shoulder Pain in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injuries [NCT05364099] | Phase 4 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2023-11-27 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Unable to feasibly complete study.) | ||
Clinical Evolution of Hemiparetic Shoulder Pain With a Capsular Pattern in a Subacute Stroke Population Following Physiotherapy Coupled With Cortisone Infiltration and Mild Arthrographic Distension Versus Physiotherapy Alone : A Pragmatic Study [NCT05845125] | Phase 4 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-05-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
Double Blinded Prospective Pilot Study to Determine the Safety and Effectiveness of a Connective Tissue Allograft (ActiveMatrix) vs. Standard of Care in Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder [NCT05844930] | Phase 4 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-01-03 | Recruiting | ||
The Efficacy of Intra-articular Triamcinolone Acetonide 5mg vs. 10 mg vs. 40 mg in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: a Non-inferiority Randomized Controlled Double-blind Study [NCT05806021] | Phase 4 | 327 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-09-30 | Not yet recruiting | ||
Peribulbar and Subconjunctival Kenalog Injection for Thyroid Orbitopathy [NCT01280214] | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2011-02-28 | Not yet recruiting | |||
Active Control,Randomized,Double- Blinded Clinical Trial of BD [NCT03771768] | 38 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-05-25 | Not yet recruiting | |||
Bladder Capacity as an Objective Measure of Response to Intravesical Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Interstitial Cystitis: a Prospective, Randomized Trial [NCT05223244] | Phase 4 | 83 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-10-01 | Completed | ||
Physiotherapy Alone, in Combination With Corticosteroid Injection or Wait-and-see for Acute Lateral Epicondylitis in General Practice: a Randomised, Placebo-controlled Study With 12 Months Follow-up [NCT00826462] | Phase 4 | 177 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-03-31 | Completed | ||
The Efficacy of Topical Sesame Oil in Orabase Versus Topical Triamcinolone in Orabase on Oral Lichen Planus and Salivary Level of Oxidative Stress Biomarker, Malondialdehyde [MDA] : Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) [NCT03738176] | Early Phase 1 | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-12-16 | Not yet recruiting | ||
Analysis of Antalgic Efficacy of an Intra Articular Injection of Botulinum Toxin Versus Corticoids in Gonarthrosis by Perfusion MRI:a Superiority, Randomized, Controlled, Double Blind Study [NCT03726788] | Phase 2 | 105 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-09-30 | Not yet recruiting | ||
Long Term Effectiveness of Trigger Finger Injections With Triamcinolone vs. Dexamethasone [NCT03641508] | Phase 4 | 69 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-01-31 | Completed | ||
Keloid Scarring:A Randomized Clinical and Laboratory Based Study on the Treatment and Differentiation Factors of the Local Disease [NCT01295099] | Phase 4 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | Withdrawn | |||
A Randomized, Open-label Study Comparing the Systemic Exposure to Triamcinolone Acetonide Following a Single Intra-articular Dose of Extended-release FX006 or Immediate-release TAcs (Triamcinolone Acetonide Suspension) in Patients With Osteoarthritis of t [NCT03382262] | Phase 2 | 55 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-12-18 | Completed | ||
Three Injections of Intravitreal Bevasizumab Versus Two Injections of Intravitreal Triamcinolone in the Management of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion [NCT01178697] | Phase 2 | 0 participants | Interventional | 2010-01-31 | Recruiting | ||
A Randomized Phase II Double-Blinded Study of The Efficacy of Oleogel-S10 (AP101) Gel for the Treatment of Grade 2/3 Radiation Dermatitis in Breast Cancer Patients [NCT05190770] | Phase 2 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-12-15 | Recruiting | ||
Combined Intralesional Triamcinolone Injection With Whole Breast Detection Radical Surgery in Treating Refractory Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05281419] | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-05-01 | Recruiting | |||
The NOR-CACTUS Trial - A Norwegian Trial Comparing Treatment Strategies for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome [NCT05306548] | Phase 4 | 258 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-04-08 | Recruiting | ||
Prospective And Randomized Study Evaluating Tthe Effect Of The Association Of Triamcinolone To The Viscosupplementation Of The Knee [NCT01335321] | Phase 4 | 108 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-03-31 | Completed | ||
Randomized, Double Masked, Controlled Study Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Suprachoroidal CLS-TA With Intravitreal Aflibercept Versus Aflibercept Alone in Subject With Diabetic Macular Edema [NCT03126786] | Phase 2 | 71 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-07-11 | Completed | ||
[NCT02454088] | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-05-31 | Completed | |||
IL-7 and IL-7R Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, Peripheral Blood Monocytes or Differentiated Macrophages of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With Active vs. Inactive Disease Treated With DMARD and/or CIMZIA [NCT02451748] | Phase 4 | 32 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-08-31 | Completed | ||
MAGNOLIA: Multi-Center, Non-Interventional Extension Study of the Safety and Efficacy of CLS-TA for the Treatment of Macular Edema Associated With Non-Infectious Uveitis [NCT02952001] | 33 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2017-12-13 | Completed | |||
Prospective Randomized Trial of EUS Guided Celiac Plexus Block for Chronic Pancreatitis [NCT02399800] | 1 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-12-31 | Terminated(stopped due to Low enrollment) | |||
Comparing the Efficacy of Rotator Interval Steroid Injection Versus Steroid Intraarticular Hydrodilatation in the Treatment of Frozen Shoulder [NCT03678038] | 64 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-09-28 | Completed | |||
Intralesional Injections of Triamcinolone for Acne Vulgaris [NCT06170593] | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2022-11-15 | Completed | |||
Effectiveness of Corticosteroid vs. Ketorolac Shoulder Injections: A Prospective Double-Blinded Randomized Trial [NCT04115644] | Phase 4 | 82 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-05-01 | Terminated(stopped due to Covid-19 and we failed to submit annual report for 2017 and 2018) | ||
SAPPHIRE: A Randomized, Masked, Controlled Trial To Study The Safety And Efficacy Of Suprachoroidal CLS-TA In Conjunction With Intravitreal Aflibercept In Subjects With Retinal Vein Occlusion [NCT02980874] | Phase 3 | 460 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-01-31 | Terminated(stopped due to Primary, 8-week efficacy endpoint not achieved. No additional benefit for subjects receiving a corticosteroid together with an intravitreal anti-VEGF agent.) | ||
Retrobulbar Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection in the Treatment of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy [NCT02329288] | Phase 3 | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-05-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
25-Gauge Vitrectomy Combine With Ranibizumab or Triamcinolone Acetonide on Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Chinese Patients [NCT02328118] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-02-28 | Recruiting | ||
Efficacy of Holmium Laser Uretherotomy in Combination With Intralesional Steroids in the Treatment of Bulbar Uretheral Stricture [NCT05078788] | 124 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-06-02 | Completed | |||
A Randomized, Double-Blind Study of the Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Growth Factor (PRGF) Supplementation Compared to Steroid Supplementation After Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Arthrocentesis in Female Patients With TMJ Osteoarthritis (OA) [NCT04731233] | Phase 4 | 36 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-03-30 | Recruiting | ||
A Phase 2, Randomized, Dose-Ranging, Vehicle-Controlled and Triamcinolone 0.1% Cream-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of INCB018424 Phosphate Cream Applied Topically to Adults With Atopic Dermatitis [NCT03011892] | Phase 2 | 307 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-01-09 | Completed | ||
A Randomized, Masked, Controlled Trial To Study The Safety And Efficacy Of Suprachoroidal CLS-TA In Combination With An Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Agent In Subjects With Retinal Vein Occlusion [NCT03203447] | Phase 3 | 325 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-03-05 | Terminated(stopped due to The early termination is due to the results obtained from the sister study, SAPPHIRE (CLS1003-301), which did not meet the 8-week primary efficacy endpoint.) | ||
Effectiveness of Corticosteroid vs Ketorolac Shoulder Injections: a Prospective Double-Blinded Randomized Trial [NCT04895280] | Phase 4 | 400 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2024-04-30 | Not yet recruiting | ||
Outcome Comparison of Ultrasound-guided Hydrodissection Between Normal Saline and Combination of Triamcinolone Acetonide, Normal Saline, and Lidocaine in Mild to Moderate Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Single Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT05577676] | 62 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-09-13 | Recruiting | |||
A Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled Study of Canakinumab Prefilled Syringes or Reconstituted Lyophilizate Versus Triamcinolone Acetonide for Treating Acute Gouty Arthritis Flares in Frequently Flaring Patients [NCT01356602] | Phase 3 | 397 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-05-31 | Completed | ||
Comparison of Total Knee Arthroplasties With Oxidized Zirconium and Cobalt Chromium Femoral Components in the Same Patients: A Prospective, Double Blinded, and Randomized Controlled Study [NCT01336595] | Phase 4 | 331 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-01-31 | Completed | ||
Economic Impact of Dropless Therapy Versus Usual Care for Cataract Surgery: A Real-World Study. [NCT03640650] | Phase 4 | 80 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-08-15 | Terminated(stopped due to COVID-19 pandemic leading to uncertainty in the recruitement) | ||
Evaluation of Salivary Levels of miR-155 and IL-10 in Oral Lichen Planus Patients Before and After Treatment With Topical Corticosteroid [NCT03871114] | 30 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2019-03-10 | Completed | |||
A Comparative Study of Betamethasone (Diprospan) and Triamcinolone Acetonide as Single Intra-Articular Injection in Knee Osteoarthritis, A Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05139875] | Phase 4 | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-01-01 | Recruiting | ||
Adjunctive Triamcinolone Acetonide for Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation [NCT02653963] | 106 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-09-30 | Completed | |||
Formulated Posterior Subtenon Triamcinolone (PSTA) Injection Versus Posterior Subtenon Triamcinolone Alone in the Management of Macular Edema Secondary to Non-ischemic Retinal Vein Occlusions [NCT05385562] | 78 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-01-02 | Completed | |||
Open-label Safety Study of Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injectable Suspension in Patients With Non-Infectious Uveitis [NCT03097315] | Phase 3 | 38 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-04-04 | Completed | ||
A Randomized, Controlled, Double-blind Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Intralesional Triamcinolone in the Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa. [NCT02781818] | 32 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-06-30 | Completed | |||
Intralesional Steroid Injection Versus Accent Method of Voice Therapy in Management of Vocal Nodules: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03914092] | Phase 4 | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-09-29 | Recruiting | ||
Effects of Combined Topical and Systemic Steroid Administrations on Better Early Postoperative Pain Management in Total Knee Arthroplasty: a Prospective Double-blinded Placebo Controlled Randomised Clinical Trial [NCT03901768] | Phase 4 | 180 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-04-26 | Recruiting | ||
Short Term Relief of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction and Serous Otitis Media Using Intranasal Steroid Sprays: a Randomized Placebo-controlled Study [NCT00279916] | Phase 3 | 91 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-09-01 | Completed | ||
Three Injections of Intravitreal Bevasizumab Versus Two Injections of Intravitreal Triamcinolone in the Management of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion [NCT01044329] | Phase 2 | 90 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2010-01-31 | Recruiting | ||
Comparison of Two Steroid Nasal Implants Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis [NCT03729310] | Early Phase 1 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-03-31 | Withdrawn(stopped due to No participants enrolled) | ||
Multi-Center, Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effect of Adipose Tissue Processed With the SyntrFuge™ System for Knee Osteoarthritis [NCT05526898] | 176 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-10-01 | Recruiting | |||
A Randomized Single Blinded Prospective Analysis for NSAID VS Corticosteroid Shoulder Injection in Diabetic Patients [NCT03319784] | Phase 4 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-09-05 | Withdrawn(stopped due to never initiated) | ||
Eco-guided Treatment With Triamcinolone-Acetonide in the Treatment of Medial Plica Syndrome - A Pilot Study [NCT04943341] | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-10-28 | Recruiting | |||
Combined Topical 5% Minoxidil and Potent Topical Corticosteroid Versus Intralesional Corticosteroid in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03535233] | Phase 4 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-03-31 | Completed | ||
"Platelet-Rich Plasma Transforaminal Epidural Injection an Emerging Strategy in Lumbar Disc Herniation" [NCT05234840] | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-04-01 | Completed | |||
A Prospective Randomized Comparative Trial of Targeted Injection Via a Transforaminal Approach With Dexamethasone Versus an Epidural Catheter Via an Interlaminar Approach With Particulate Steroid for the Treatment of Cervical Radicular Pain [NCT03382821] | Phase 4 | 120 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-09-15 | Completed | ||
Adjunctive Photodynamic Therapy + Aflibercept vs. Afilbercept Alone for PDA in Patients With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration [NCT02457026] | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-01-31 | Withdrawn | |||
Therapeutic Effects of Knee Intra-articular Injections on Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: a Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial [NCT05220527] | Phase 4 | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-08-01 | Enrolling by invitation | ||
Ketorolac Versus Triamcinolone Intra-articular Knee Injections for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis. A Prospective, Double-Blinded Randomized Trial [NCT02295189] | 36 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-01-31 | Completed | |||
Effectiveness Evaluation of Mixed Gel of Hydrocortisone and Aluminium Phosphate Preventing Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Postoperative Stenosis for Patients With Early Esophageal Cancer Invading More Than 2/3 Esophageal Perimeter [NCT03165344] | 66 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-02-10 | Completed | |||
Sonographic Evaluation of Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Following Steroid Injection [NCT03132051] | 54 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2013-04-30 | Recruiting | |||
Intravitreal Injection of Ranibizumab Versus Combination of Ranibizumab and Triamcinolone Acetate for the Treatment of Macular Edema Secondary to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO) [NCT04460001] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-05-16 | Recruiting | ||
Nasal Allergen Challenge - Reproducibility of Biomarkers and Effect of Topical Steroid Treatment [NCT03431961] | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-03-07 | Recruiting | |||
[NCT00849537] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 0 participants | Interventional | 2008-04-30 | Recruiting | ||
Efficacy of Oral Zinc Supplement as an Adjunctive Therapy for Erosive Oral Lichen Planus (a Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial) [NCT06042010] | 22 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2023-01-05 | Completed | |||
Assessing the Efficacy of Needling With or Without Corticosteroids in the Repigmentation of Vitiligo [NCT02191748] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 22 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-09-30 | Terminated(stopped due to Principal investigator made the decision to close study and not submit a renewal. Lack of fixed research personnel to carry out the study effectively.) | ||
Fractional Laser Assisted Steroid Therapy vs Intralesional Steroids in the Treatment of Keloids [NCT02996097] | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-04-30 | Completed | |||
Intraarticular Injections of the Hip and Knee With Triamcinolone Versus Ketorolac: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04441112] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 120 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-05-20 | Completed | ||
Autologous Intra-Articular Micro-Fragmented Adipose Transfer for the Treatment of Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Arthritis [NCT05005000] | Phase 2 | 1 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2022-05-12 | Terminated(stopped due to Difficulties getting subjects recruited and enrolled.) | ||
Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone Acetonide for the Treatment of Macular Edema Associated With Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Pilot Study [NCT05038072] | 16 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-07-25 | Completed | |||
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel Group Comparison of the Effects of FX006 and TCA IR (Triamcinolone Acetonide Suspension) on Blood Glucose in Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT02762370] | Phase 2 | 33 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-04-30 | Completed | ||
Safety and Efficacy of Of Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Receptor Ⅱ Fusion Protein In Acute Gout [NCT05925166] | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-09-01 | Not yet recruiting | |||
Comparing the Efficacy of Ultrasound Guided Hyaluronic Injection With Ultrasound Guided Corticosteroid Injection in Treatment of Trigger Finger [NCT03131882] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-10-01 | Recruiting | ||
Cryotherapy Versus Intralesional Corticosteroid Injection In Treatment Of Alopecia Areata: Trichoscopic Evaluation [NCT03473600] | Phase 4 | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-11-30 | Not yet recruiting | ||
Comparison Between Blind and Ultrasound Guided Injection in Morton Neuroma [NCT03046108] | Phase 4 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-01-31 | Recruiting | ||
Randomized Placebo-controlled Analysis of Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block for Neurogenic Cough [NCT04468542] | Phase 3 | 65 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-01-12 | Recruiting | ||
Evaluation of the Use of Intraoperative Subconjunctival Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide and Limited Peritomy During Bare Scleral Pterygium Excision [NCT03377348] | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-12-01 | Completed | |||
Efficacy of Neural Prolotherapy Versus Local Corticosteroid Soft Tissue Injection for Treatment of Anserine Bursitis [NCT04509440] | 43 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-05-01 | Completed | |||
Intradetrusor Triamcinolone Injection in the Management of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome: Pilot Study [NCT05226832] | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2022-08-31 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Study never started.) | |||
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Baricitinib in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis [NCT02576938] | Phase 2 | 124 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-02-29 | Completed | ||
Open , Randomized Study About Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability od Repeated Dosis of Intravitreous Bevacizumab in Patients With Uveitic Macular Oedema [NCT01095809] | Phase 3 | 5 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-04-30 | Terminated(stopped due to New intraocular steroid in the market. Recruitment no longer ethical.) | ||
A Multi-Center Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Group Comparison Study of Once Daily Triamcinolone Acetonide 0.5% DuraPeel™ Versus Placebo DuraPeel in the Treatment of Hand Dermatitis [NCT00890968] | Phase 2 | 56 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-04-30 | Completed | ||
Triamcinolone Acetonide Injections Compared With Micro Injections (MMP Technique) of Triamcinolone Acetonide for the Treatment of Female Genital Lichen Sclerosus and Atrophic [NCT06079645] | Phase 4 | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-10-20 | Recruiting | ||
Optimizing Intralesional Triamcinolone Dosing for Hidradenitis Suppurativa [NCT04582669] | Phase 4 | 11 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2022-01-24 | Terminated(stopped due to This study was administratively closed.) | ||
Gene Expression and Biomarker Profiling of Keloid Skin [NCT03228693] | 48 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-09-11 | Completed | |||
Acute Pseudophakic Cystoid Macular Edema Treatment Trial: Intravitreal Ranibizumab Versus Triamcinolone Acetonide [NCT02294656] | Phase 1 | 4 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-11-30 | Completed | ||
Dexmedetomidine Versus Triamcinolone Local Injection for Pain Alleviation in Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT04961281] | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-07-22 | Completed | |||
Needle-free Delivery of Intralesional Triamcinolone for Pediatric Alopecia Areata: a Pilot Study of Patient Tolerability [NCT05278858] | Phase 4 | 15 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-03-24 | Recruiting | ||
A Randomized, Double-blind, Dose-ranging Trial of Subcutaneous Sodium Deoxycholate Injections With or Without Low Dose Triamcinolone and Low Dose Lidocaine for Reduction of Submental Fat With Reduction of Pain and Swelling [NCT03361176] | Phase 4 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-03-26 | Completed | ||
Open-Label Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Suprachoroidal CLS-TA Alone or in Combination With Intravitreal Aflibercept for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema [NCT02949024] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-11-10 | Completed | ||
Sub-tenon Triamcinolone Acetonide in Age-Related Macular Degeneration as Adjunct to Ranibizumab [NCT01249937] | Phase 2 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2011-01-31 | Recruiting | ||
Granulation Tissue at G Tube Site: Treatment With Kenalog vs Chemical Cauterization With Silver Nitrate vs Soap Washcloth Abrasion [NCT02519738] | Phase 3 | 52 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-01-15 | Terminated(stopped due to enrollment difficulties) | ||
The Effect of Topical Curcumin Versus Topical Corticosteroid on Pain, Clinical Parameters and Salivary Level of IL-33 in Oral Lichen Planus Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT03877679] | Phase 1 | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-05-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation of Genicular Nerves Versus Conventional Therapy With Intra-articular Steroid Injection for Chronic Knee Pain: A Prospective, Randomized Pilot Study [NCT06004882] | 45 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-08-10 | Recruiting | |||
Comparison of Intravitreal Bevacizumab and Triamcinolone With Placebo in Acute Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy [NCT01330524] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 16 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2010-01-31 | Recruiting | ||
The Comparison Between the Therapeutic Affect of Intravitreal Diclophenac and Triamcinolone in Persistent Uveitic Cystoids Macular Edema [NCT00893854] | Phase 1 | 0 participants | Interventional | Recruiting | |||
Prospective Study on Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) Celiac Bloc Efficacy in Chronic Pancreatitis [NCT01318590] | Phase 3 | 2 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-11-18 | Terminated(stopped due to Closed by CHUM REB for incomplete documentation of research activities.) | ||
Implantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell, Conditioned Medium, or Triamcinolone Acetonide for Keloid Regression: Immunohistochemistry, Histopathology and Imaging Study [NCT04326959] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 24 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-09-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
A 12 Weeks Randomized, Controlled Core Study of ACZ885 (Canakinumab) on the Treatment and Prevention of Gout Flares in Patients With Frequent Flares for Whom NSAIDs and/or Colchicine Are Contraindicated, Not Tolerated or Ineffective, Including a 12-week D [NCT01029652] | Phase 3 | 230 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-12-31 | Completed | ||
A Phase 3 Multi-centre Double-masked Randomised Controlled Trial of Adjunctive Intraocular and Periocular Steroid (Triamcinolone Acetonide) Versus Standard Treatment in Eyes Undergoing Vitreoretinal Surgery for Open Globe Trauma. [NCT02873026] | Phase 3 | 300 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-10-31 | Completed | ||
Arteriovenous Crossing Sheathotomy Versus Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection for Treatment of Macular Edema Associated With Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion [NCT00612261] | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-10-31 | Completed | |||
Subacromial Ultrasound-guided or Systemic Steroid Injection for Rotator Cuff Disease, a Randomized Double Blinded Study [NCT00640575] | 106 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-03-31 | Completed | |||
A Randomized, Parallel Group, Masked Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Triamcinolone and Bevacizumab Through Intravitreal Injection With Individual or Simultaneous Drugs to Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema [NCT00737971] | Phase 4 | 142 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-08-31 | Completed | ||
Evaluation of the Role of Local Steroid Injection in Treatment of Idiopathic Spasmodic Flat Foot in Adolescent Patients [NCT05381558] | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-04-01 | Recruiting | |||
Prospective, Controlled Study of the Efficacy of NdYag for Acne Keloidalis Nuchae [NCT00757315] | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-09-30 | Active, not recruiting | |||
Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection in Two Chorioretinal Diseases: One Year Results [NCT05337332] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-04-14 | Recruiting | ||
Comparison of Triamcinolone With Pentoxifylline and Vitamin- E Efficacy in the Treatment of Stage 2 and 3 Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Clinical Trial [NCT05660694] | Phase 4 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-01-01 | Completed | ||
Rotator Interval and Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injection for Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder): a Randomised, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial [NCT00840229] | 122 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-02-28 | Completed | |||
Glucosamine as a Novel Adjunctive Therapy in Oral Lichen Planus: A Pilot, Randomized, Clinical and Immunohistochemical Trial [NCT02858297] | Phase 4 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-05-31 | Completed | ||
Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study of Intravitreal Ranibizumab and Triamcinolone Acetonide Combination Therapy Versus Ranibizumab Monotherapy in Patients With Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy [NCT02806752] | Phase 4 | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-01-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
The Evaluation of Effect of the Cervical İnterlaminar Epidural Steroid İnjection on Quality of Life, Neuropathic Pain and Disability in Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy [NCT04235478] | 78 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-12-27 | Active, not recruiting | |||
Cytokine Levels in Patients With Persistent Diabetic Macular Edema Treated With Triamcinolone Acetonide: an Interventional Prospective Study [NCT02221453] | Phase 2 | 3 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-09-30 | Completed | ||
Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Silver Nitrate Application With Topical Corticosteroids for Hypergranulation Tissue at Gastrostomy Sites [NCT02398539] | Phase 4 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-04-30 | Recruiting | ||
One Year Results for Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection in Various Retinal Diseases [NCT05496530] | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-07-10 | Recruiting | |||
Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Periocular Methotrexate Versus Periocular Triamcinolone Injections in Management of Thyroid Associated Orbitopathy [NCT05429450] | Phase 2 | 18 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-07-01 | Completed | ||
Treatment of Keloidscars With Intralesional Triamcinolone and 5-fluorouracil Injections-prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial - Pilot Study [NCT02155439] | Phase 4 | 50 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-05-31 | Completed | ||
Symptom Clusters in Children With Exacerbation-prone Asthma [NCT04002362] | Phase 2 | 173 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-11-13 | Recruiting | ||
The Use of Triamcinolone Injection in Treatment of Refractory Benign Esophageal Stricture in Children [NCT04524897] | Phase 4 | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-12-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
Management of Pain in Oral Lichen Planus Patients: A Comparative Pilot Study [NCT03572959] | Phase 4 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-12-27 | Completed | ||
Alazher University Dean [NCT05464953] | 75 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-01-20 | Completed | |||
Comparison of Triamcinolone Acetonide Mucoadhesive Film With Liquorice Mucoadhesive Film On Radiotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis: A Randomized Double-Blinded Clinical Trial [NCT02075749] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-05-31 | Completed | ||
Methotrexate With Microneedling Versus Triamcinilone Acetonide With Microneedling in Treatment of Recalcitrant Alopecia Areata [NCT06088147] | 34 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-12-31 | Not yet recruiting | |||
Local Betamethasone Versus Triamcinolone Injection in Management of Thyroid-Related Upper Lid Retraction With and Without Proptosis [NCT04976816] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 92 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-12-01 | Completed | ||
Viscosupplementation in Patients With Severe Osteoarthritis of the Knee [NCT03090698] | Phase 4 | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-09-30 | Recruiting | ||
Comparison of Different Dose of Steroid Injection in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome [NCT03072290] | 56 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-02-18 | Completed | |||
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Lesions of the Lichen Planus Type in the Oral Mucosa and Its Diagnostics With the Use of Autofluorescence, in Various Wavelength Ranges, in Combination With the Use of Texture Ana [NCT04991012] | Phase 2 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-02-08 | Completed | ||
A Randomized, Double-blind Comparison Trial of Subcutaneous Sodium Deoxycholate Injections With or Without Triamcinolone for Reduction of Submental Fat [NCT03241563] | Phase 4 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-04-30 | Completed | ||
Effect of a Combination of Local Steroid Injection With Oral Steroid Administration for the Prevention on Esophageal Stricture After Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Esophageal Neoplasm:a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03039608] | 72 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-02-10 | Completed | |||
A Phase 3, Randomized, Masked, Controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Safety and Efficacy of Triamcinolone Acetonide Injectable Suspension (CLS-TA) for the Treatment of Subjects With Macular Edema Associated With Non-infectious Uveitis [NCT02595398] | Phase 3 | 160 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-11-17 | Completed | ||
OCTA-Directed PDT Triple Therapy for Treatment-Naïve Patients With Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration Versus Standard of Care Anti-VEGF(Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) Monotherapy [NCT04075136] | Phase 4 | 150 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-03-30 | Suspended(stopped due to Deviations) | ||
Dexmedetomidine Versus Triamcinolone Local Injection for Pain Alleviation in Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; A Randomized Clinical Trial. [NCT05624866] | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-10-10 | Recruiting | |||
Can Dexmedetomidine With Hyalase Augment Quality and Duration of Analgesia When Added to Lumbar Epidural Steroid in Failed Back Surgery. Randomized Double Blind Study [NCT05349448] | Early Phase 1 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-03-28 | Recruiting | ||
Safety and Effectiveness of Triamcinolone Acetonide in Patients With Serous Pigment Detachment Associated With Age-Related Macular Degeneration [NCT04292756] | 63 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-03-27 | Completed | |||
Comparison of Bladder Directed and Pelvic Floor Therapy in Women With Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome [NCT02870738] | Phase 2 | 128 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-04-21 | Recruiting | ||
Subtenons Triamcinolone Acetonide Injections for Treatment of Persistent Choroidal Effusions Post Glaucoma Surgery [NCT02917564] | Phase 4 | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-10-14 | Recruiting | ||
Efficacy Of Intralesional Injection Of Methotrexate Versus Triamcinolone Acetonid In Treatment Of Localized Psoriasis [NCT05408208] | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-05-21 | Recruiting | |||
Efficacy of Fractional CO2 Laser Alone and as Transepidermal Drug Delivery for Different Modalities of Treatment in Alopecia Areata [NCT04003376] | Phase 4 | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-07-26 | Recruiting | ||
A Study of Hyaluronan (Synvisc) for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis in the Thumb: Randomized Control Trial [NCT00398866] | Phase 3 | 200 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-08-31 | Completed | ||
A Comparison of a Single Orbital Floor Injection of Triamcinolone Versus Conventional Steroid and Antibiotic Drops Used Post Operatively in Uneventful Phacoemulsification Surgery [NCT00789971] | 150 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-03-31 | Completed | |||
Comparison Of Greater Occipital Nerve Block With Lidocaine And Bupivicaine Alone Or With Steroids In a Chronic Headache Population [NCT00203294] | 45 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-06-30 | Completed | |||
An Adaptive Dose-ranging, Multi-center, Single-blind, Double-dummy, Active-controlled Trial to Determine the Target Dose of Canakinumab (ACZ885) in the Treatment of Acute Flares in Gout Patients Who Are Refractory or Contraindicated to NSAIDs and/or Colch [NCT00798369] | Phase 2 | 200 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-11-30 | Completed | ||
Efficacy of Intralesional Triamcinolone and 8% Topical Pirfenidone for Treatment of Keloid Scars: 3-arm Trial [NCT02823236] | Phase 3 | 102 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-10-24 | Recruiting | ||
Optimal Anesthetic for Corticosteroid Injections for Knee Osteoarthritis. [NCT05906433] | Phase 1 | 75 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-06-01 | Recruiting | ||
Open Label Prospective Trial of Fractional Ablative CO 2 Resurfacing With Laser- Facilitated Steroid Delivery in Patients With Mild to Moderate Hidradenitis Suppurativa. [NCT05580029] | Early Phase 1 | 10 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-11-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
Influence of Perception of Patients Suffering of Osteoarthritis of Knee Over the Effectiveness and Tolerance in Intra-articular Injection of Corticoids: a Prospective, Controlled and Randomized Study [NCT02835521] | Phase 4 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-08-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
Intra-articular Botulinum Toxin Type A Versus Corticosteroids: a Clinical Trial in Osteoarthritis of Knees [NCT02829281] | Phase 4 | 105 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-07-31 | Recruiting | ||
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Stellate Ganglion Block in Patients With Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema [NCT04165512] | 22 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-01-07 | Enrolling by invitation | |||
Lidocaine and Triamcinolone vs Saline Trigger Point Injection for Treatment of Chronic Abdominal Wall Pain [NCT02748395] | Phase 4 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-05-31 | Withdrawn(stopped due to No IRB approval) | ||
Efficacy of Ginger Muco-bioadhesive Gel in Management of Oral Lichen Planus: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial With Immunohistochemical Analysis [NCT05882864] | Phase 4 | 28 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-08-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
Trial Extension Protocol to Add a 39 Week Follow Up to Cingal 16-02, a Randomized, Double-Blind, Active Comparator Controlled, Multi-Center Study of a Single Injection of Cingal to Provide Symptomatic Relief of Knee Osteoarthritis [NCT03390036] | Phase 3 | 526 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-12-07 | Completed | ||
Evaluation of Diode Laser and Topical Steroid Therapy in the Treatment of Erosive Oral Lichen Planus (A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial) [NCT05951361] | 44 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2022-02-01 | Completed | |||
Comparison Between Anterior and Posterior Approaches for Ultrasound-guided Glenohumeral Steroid Injection: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02461368] | 50 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-12-31 | Completed | |||
Triamcinolone Assisted Anterior Vitrectomy in Complicated Cataract Surgery and Anterior Segment Reconstruction [NCT01051648] | Phase 2 | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-12-31 | Completed | ||
[NCT00987233] | Phase 3 | 0 participants | Interventional | Completed | |||
Intravitreal Ranibizumab or Triamcinolone Acetonide in Combination With Laser Photocoagulation for Diabetic Macular Edema [NCT00444600] | Phase 3 | 691 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-03-31 | Completed | ||
The Role of Postoperative Systemic Corticosteroids When Utilizing a Steroid-Eluting Middle Meatal Spacer Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial [NCT01564355] | 80 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-04-30 | Completed | |||
The PROTECT Study: A Phase II, Open-Label Trial of PROphylactic Skin Toxicity ThErapy With Clindamycin and Triamcinolone in Glioblastoma Patients Treated With Tumor Treating Fields [NCT04469075] | Phase 2 | 58 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-07-09 | Recruiting | ||
[NCT00685100] | Phase 3 | 40 participants | Interventional | 2004-01-31 | Completed | ||
Effects of Intra-articular Versus Subacromial Steroid Injections on Clinical Outcomes in Adhesive Capsulitis [NCT00742846] | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-08-31 | Withdrawn(stopped due to No enrollment) | |||
Incidence of Flare Reaction Following Shoulder Steroid Injections: Comparison of Depo-medrol (Methylprednisolone) and Kenalog (Triamcinolone) [NCT05438277] | Phase 4 | 421 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-01-01 | Completed | ||
A Randomized Phase II Study of Topical Steroids as Preemptive Therapy for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor-Induced Papulopustular Eruption [NCT03115567] | Phase 2 | 14 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-02-16 | Terminated(stopped due to Low enrollment accrual) | ||
The Effectiveness of Ultrasound Guided Sub-acromial Bursa Injection With Botulinum Toxin A in for Refractory Shoulder Pain After Stroke. [NCT02618603] | Phase 4 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-02-29 | Not yet recruiting | ||
Prospective Randomize Trial Comparing Corticosteroid Injection to High Energy Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Lateral Epicondylitis [NCT02613455] | Phase 4 | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-07-31 | Recruiting | ||
Pilot Study of Transforaminal Epidural Injection of Clonidine for the Treatment of Acute Lumbosacral Radiculopathy [NCT00588354] | 26 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-10-31 | Terminated(stopped due to Targeted enrollment was not reached.) | |||
Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial: Superior Hypogastric Nerve Block for Pain Control After Uterine Artery Embolization: Effect of Addition of Steroids on Duration of Analgesia [NCT04126824] | Early Phase 1 | 28 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-11-05 | Recruiting | ||
Efficacy and Safety of Intra-Articular Injections of Durolane® in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis in the Knee [NCT00731289] | Phase 4 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-07-31 | Completed | ||
Intravitreal Ranibizumab or Triamcinolone Acetonide as Adjunctive Treatment to Panretinal Photocoagulation for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy [NCT00445003] | Phase 3 | 333 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-03-31 | Completed | ||
A Randomized, Double-masked Study With Intraocular Anti-VEGF (Avastin®/Lucentis®) Compared With Intraocular Triamcinolone (Volon A®) in Patients With Clinical Significant Diabetic Macular Edema [NCT00682539] | Phase 4 | 71 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-10-31 | Completed | ||
Triamcinolone Ketorolac (TriKe) Knee Trial Evaluating the Effectiveness and Possible Superiority of Ketorolac vs. Cortisone When Injected Intra-Articular in Subjects With Osteoarthrosis [NCT05336968] | Phase 4 | 150 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-09-15 | Enrolling by invitation | ||
A Study to Compare the Efficacy of Triamcinolone 0.1% Cream Occluded With Hydrogel Patch to Triamcinolone 0.1% Cream Without Occlusion in the Treatment of Eczema [NCT00924508] | 23 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-07-31 | Terminated(stopped due to Loss of Funding) | |||
Intravitreal Combination Therapy Using Triamcinolone and Bevacizumab Improves Vision in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy [NCT00806169] | Phase 3 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-04-30 | Completed | ||
Resistant Diabetic Macular Edema and Suprachoroidal Injection [NCT04690608] | Early Phase 1 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-12-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
Effect of Heated Humidity With Thermosmart™ Compared to an Intranasal Steroid in Improving Compliance and Nasal Symptoms in Patients Using Continuous Positive Airway Pressure [NCT00665977] | Phase 3 | 44 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2007-09-30 | Completed | ||
Treatment of Diffuse Diabetic Maculopathy With Intravitreal Triamcinolone and Laser Photocoagulation: Randomized Clinical Trial With Morphological and Functional Evaluation [NCT00668239] | 14 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-09-30 | Completed | |||
Phase 2 Study of Comparison of Single Intravitreal Injection of Triamcinolone or Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema. [NCT00874744] | Phase 2 | 13 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-03-31 | Completed | ||
Efficacy and Safety of Different Concentrations of Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide in Alopecia Areata: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study [NCT01246284] | 5 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-12-31 | Completed | |||
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study Evaluating the Pharmacodynamic Effect of a 6-week Treatment With Triamcinolone Acetonide Aqueous Nasal Spray 110 μg and 220 μg Once Daily on Basal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adr [NCT01154153] | Phase 4 | 140 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-06-30 | Completed | ||
Phase II/III Intravitreal Triamcinolone for Treatment of Clinically Significant Diabetic Macular Oedema That Persists After Laser Treatment [NCT00167518] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 70 participants | Interventional | 2002-03-31 | Completed | ||
Efficacy of Dextrose Injections, Corticosteroids Injections and Surgical Release for Treatment of the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: a Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Controlled Trial [NCT04014244] | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-03-01 | Recruiting | |||
Effect of Ultrasound-guided Hyaluronic or Corticosteroid Injections in Patients With Chronic Subacromial Bursitis [NCT02702206] | 207 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-08-31 | Completed | |||
Efficacy of Post-Surgical Intralesional Injection With Triamcinolone Versus Triamcinolone Plus Fluorouracil in the Treatment of Keloids [NCT04710719] | 7 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-02-01 | Completed | |||
Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Triamcinolone as Treatment of the Diffuse Diabetic Macular Edema [NCT00309192] | Phase 3 | 292 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2006-04-30 | Completed | ||
Using an Internet Survey to Improve Adherence in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis [NCT01385527] | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-06-30 | Withdrawn(stopped due to study was never initiated, No participants enrolled) | |||
Investigator-Initiated, Pilot Study Evaluating The Efficacy Of Etanercept In Acute Gout [NCT03636373] | Phase 4 | 5 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-10-25 | Terminated(stopped due to The Sponsor has decided to stop funding this study due to lack of enrollment during COVID-19 pandemic and decreased interest in funding investigator initiated studies pertaining to the study drug) | ||
Use of Intravitreal Triamcinolone and Retrobulbar Chlorpromazine as Alternatives to the Management of Painful Blind Eye [NCT01404364] | 36 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-01-31 | Completed | |||
Study of Uveitic Macular Edema Treated With Ranibizumab or Steroids Following a Periocular Steroid Injections in Patients on Steroid Sparing Agents or Low Dose Steroids [NCT00846625] | Phase 2 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-11-30 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Insufficient enrollment (no subjects were enrolled)) | ||
VITRILASE Study: Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing the Effect of Laser, Vitrectomy and Intravitreal Triamcinolone Injection for Diabetic Macular Edema [NCT00764244] | Phase 3 | 72 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-01-31 | Completed | ||
Intravitreal Bevacizumab and Intravitreal Triamcinolone Associated to Laser Photocoagulation for Diabetic Macular Edema(IBeTA) [NCT00997191] | Phase 3 | 12 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-10-31 | Completed | ||
Improvement of Short Term Outcome of Mild to Moderate Atopic Dermatitis Using a Combination Treatment of Crisaborole Ointment, 2% and a Concomitant Topical Corticosteroid Over a 8 Week Period [NCT04008784] | 16 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2019-09-16 | Completed | |||
A Multi-Center, Open-label, 24-week Clinical Investigation to Evaluate Safety and Tolerability of Treatment With the Oxulumis®, Suprachoroidal Drug Administration Device Delivering 2.4mg Triesence® With Diabetic Macular Edema [NCT05172401] | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2022-09-15 | Withdrawn(stopped due to unforeseen, continued (>12month) global shortage of study medication. Study Drug Triesence, manufacturer Novartis, not supplied throughout 2022) | |||
Combined Phacoemulsification Surgery and Intravitreal Triamcinolone Injection Versus Stand-alone Surgery in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05413330] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 73 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-09-12 | Completed | ||
The Effectiveness of Selective Nerve Root Injections in Preventing the Need for Surgery in Patients With Lumbar Disc Herniations [NCT01073995] | Phase 3 | 54 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-03-31 | Completed | ||
Triamcinolone Paste to Reduce the Incidence of Postoperative Sore Throat [NCT00908817] | 150 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-05-31 | Completed | |||
A Phase IIb, Randomized, Masked, Sham-Controlled, Clinical Trial to Study the Efficacy and Safety of the Helical Triamcinolone Acetonide Implant (MK0140) in Diabetic Patients With Clinically Significant Macular Edema [NCT00692614] | Phase 2 | 2 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-06-30 | Terminated | ||
A Randomized Parallel, Masked to Evaluate the Efficacy of Triamcinolone Associated With Nepafenac (Nevanac) Compared With Intravitreal Injection of Triamcinolone for Treatment of Clinically Significant Diabetic Macular Edema [NCT00780780] | Phase 3 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-07-31 | Completed | ||
Randomized, Double Blind, Controlled Study With Verteporfin Photodynamic Therapy And Intravitreal Triamcinolone(IVTA) Vs Triple Therapy With Verteporfin Photodynamic Therapy, Intravitreal Triamcinolone And Intravitreal Ranibizumab In Patients With Subfove [NCT00930189] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2006-04-30 | Recruiting | ||
Treatment of Subacromial Shoulder Pain by Individual or Group Physiotherapy Following Corticosteroid Injection [NCT04058522] | 136 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-09-19 | Completed | |||
Multi-Center, Randomized, Phase II Clinical Trial to Study the Effects of Preservative-Free Triamcinolone Acetonide and Avastin® in Combination With Photodynamic Therapy in Participants With Neovascular Age Related Macular Degeneration [NCT00464347] | Phase 2 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2007-01-31 | Terminated(stopped due to Study was terminated because of poor enrollment.) | ||
Injection Treatment of Slow-Release Corticosteroid to the Sacrospinous Ligament Insertions on Women With Long-Lasting Low Back Pain Starting in Pregnancy. [NCT00757016] | 38 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-10-31 | Completed | |||
[NCT00801450] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-09-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
Comparison Between Steroid and Two Different Sites of Botulinum Toxin Injection in the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylalgia: A Randomized Double-blind Active Drug-controlled Pilot Study [NCT02767635] | Phase 3 | 90 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2012-01-31 | Recruiting | ||
The Effect of Intra-articular Bilateral Knee Injections of Zilretta on Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) Recommended Physical Performance Measures in Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis [NCT03895840] | Phase 4 | 70 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-03-19 | Completed | ||
Treatment Of Radiation Retinopathy Trial Subtitle: Treatment of Radiation Retinopathy; Influence of Lucentis® and Kenalog® on Radiation Retinopathy After Irradiation of Choroidal Melanoma. [NCT00811200] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 220 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2009-09-30 | Not yet recruiting | ||
Comparison of Efficacy of Glycerol, Two Topical Steroids, and a Topical Immune Modulator Against Experimentally Induced Skin Irritation [NCT00779792] | Phase 4 | 36 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-09-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
Posterior Subtenon Versus Intravitreal Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide for Treatment of Uveitic Cystoid Macular Edema (CME) [NCT02598869] | Phase 4 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-11-30 | Withdrawn | ||
A Multi-Center Phase II Study to Evaluate Tumor Response to Ipilimumab (BMS-734016) Monotherapy in Subjects With Melanoma Brain Metastases [NCT00623766] | Phase 2 | 99 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-07-31 | Completed | ||
Role of Conditioning in the Pharmacotherapy of Psoriasis [NCT00005922] | 138 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2000-08-31 | Completed | |||
Intravitreal Avastin Injection for the Treatment of Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Pattern Dystrophy [NCT00391144] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 5 participants | Interventional | 2006-07-31 | Recruiting | ||
Intravitreal Combination Therapy Using Triamcinolone and Bevacizumab Improves Vision in Patients With Retinal Vein Occlusion [NCT00805064] | Phase 3 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-01-31 | Completed | ||
A Prospective Study Comparison of Clinical Outcome After Different Rate Infusion in Caudal Epidural Steroid Injection [NCT02939482] | 112 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-10-01 | Completed | |||
Phase II/III Multicentre Randomised Clinical Trial of Laser Treatment Plus 4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone Injection to Reduce Diabetic Macular Oedema [NCT00148265] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 54 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-04-30 | Completed | ||
Single Blind RCT to Evaluate the Effect of Ketorolac in Upper Extremity Tendinopathy and Arthropathy [NCT05292339] | Phase 4 | 160 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-01-31 | Recruiting | ||
The Comparison Study of Intralesional Botulinum Toxin A and Corticosteroid Injection for Alopecia Areata [NCT00999869] | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2009-11-30 | Recruiting | |||
A Pilot Study of Peribulbar Triamcinolone Acetonide for Diabetic Macular Edema [NCT00369486] | Phase 2 | 113 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-12-31 | Completed | ||
Circumcision Versus Preputioplasty for BXO in Children: A Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial [NCT02854995] | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-10-01 | Completed | |||
Adrenal Function and Use of Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide 10 mg/mL (Kenalog-10) in Patients With Alopecia Areata [NCT00484679] | Phase 2 | 18 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-05-31 | Completed | ||
Intralesional Injection of Steroids and/or Botulinum Toxin Type A in Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids for Pain Improvement [NCT03982862] | Phase 4 | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-07-30 | Recruiting | ||
Randomized Controlled Trial of Endoscopic Dilation With or Without Triamcinolone Injection in Patients With Non-malignant Radiation or Anastomotic Esophageal Strictures [NCT01873573] | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-07-18 | Completed | |||
Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block vs. Trigger Point Injection for Abdominal Wall Pain: A Randomized Comparative Trial [NCT01906944] | Phase 2 | 62 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-01-31 | Completed | ||
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Systemic and Topical Treatments for Rash Secondary to Erlotinib in Advanced Stage IIIB or IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT00473083] | Phase 2 | 150 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-01-31 | Completed | ||
Vascular Remodeling and the Effects of Angiogenic Inhibition in Diabetic Retinopathy [NCT00411333] | Early Phase 1 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2006-07-31 | Completed | ||
Analgesic Effects of Trigger Point Injection Added to Caudal Epidural Steroid [NCT05792111] | Phase 4 | 72 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-10-12 | Recruiting | ||
Efficacy and Safety of Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide in Vitiligo: A Prospective, Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01766609] | Phase 2 | 18 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2013-01-31 | Recruiting | ||
Steroid Versus Hyaluronic Acid Ultrasound-guided Injection for Trigger Finger: A Comparative Study of Outcomes [NCT01950793] | 36 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-11-30 | Completed | |||
Intralesional Vitamin D3 Injection in Treatment of Alopecia Areata: A Novel Approach [NCT04660786] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-11-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
Ultrasound-Guided Injection of Hyaluronic Acid Versus Corticosteroid for Treatment of Trigger Finger: Randomized Controlled Study [NCT04645303] | Early Phase 1 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-11-06 | Recruiting | ||
[NCT01961752] | 111 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-07-31 | Completed | |||
A Randomised Open Label Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate Fractional Collagen Synthesis in Keloids and Identify Biomarkers of Keloid Biology for Potential Application in Future Clinical Trials [NCT01978301] | Phase 1 | 9 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-04-15 | Terminated(stopped due to Temporary hold on recruitment during staff changes at the site) | ||
Open-Label, Parallel-Arm Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Corticosteroid Intra Articular Injection Given 7 Days Before or 7 Days After Lorecivivint Intra-articular Injection Into the Knee of Healthy Volunteers [NCT04598542] | Phase 1 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-10-13 | Completed | ||
Combined Treatment of Intravitreous Bevacizumab and Triamcinolone for the Treatment or Macular Edema Secondary to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion [NCT00566761] | Phase 4 | 10 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2007-06-30 | Recruiting | ||
Comparison of the Efficacy of Different Steroids in the Treatment of Abnormal Scars (Keloids, Hypertrophic Scars) [NCT04593706] | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-11-01 | Not yet recruiting | |||
Randomized Controlled Trial of Triamcinolone Impregnated Hemostatic Bioabsorbable Middle Meatus Nasal Packing Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery [NCT04841343] | 22 participants (Actual) | Observational [Patient Registry] | 2021-01-29 | Completed | |||
Randomized Clinical Control Trial Comparing the Effects of a Steroid Eluting Implant Versus Triamcinolone-impregnated Carboxymethylcellulose Foam on the Postoperative Clinic Experience in Patients That Underwent Functional Endoscopic Surgery for Nasal Pol [NCT03607175] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-07-24 | Not yet recruiting | ||
Comparative Effectiveness of Particulate Versus Nonparticulate Corticosteroid Injections for the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Conditions [NCT04278833] | Phase 4 | 198 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-09-01 | Recruiting | ||
Efficacy and Safety of Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide Alone and Its Combination With 5-fluorouracil in Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars [NCT04812626] | 66 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-01-28 | Completed | |||
Assessment Of Pain Subsidence And Sexual Function Amelioration Using Either Pelvic Rehabilitation Or Trigger Point Injections [NCT02022722] | Phase 4 | 36 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2013-08-31 | Recruiting | ||
A Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Hydros and Hydros-TA Joint Therapies for Management of Pain Associated With Osteoarthritis in the Knee [NCT02022930] | Phase 3 | 510 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2014-01-31 | Completed | ||
Local 5-Fluorouracil Injection for the Treatment of Chalazia: A Prospective, Comparative Study [NCT02025023] | Phase 3 | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2013-12-31 | Recruiting | ||
A Randomized Single-blinded Clinical Trial of the Efficacy of Intra-articular Infiltration of Cingal (Sodium Hyaluronate/Triamcinolone) Versus Cortisone (Triamcinolone) in Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder. [NCT05408065] | 84 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-09-30 | Not yet recruiting | |||
Efficacy of Platelet Rich Plasma vs. Corticosteroid Injections for Treating Greater [NCT02031367] | Early Phase 1 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2014-03-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
The Effect of Intralesian Injection of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Its Conditioned Medium, and Triamcinolone Acetonide on Type 1:3 Collagen Ratio and Interleukin-10 Levels in Keloid: A Randomised Controlled Trial [NCT05939817] | Phase 4 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-10-01 | Completed | ||
The Effects of Steroid Injection With Percutaneous Needle Aponeurotomy in Patients With Dupuytren's Contracture: a Randomized Controlled Study [NCT00565019] | Phase 3 | 51 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-11-30 | Completed | ||
A Prospective Study of Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Celiac (CB) Effectiveness [NCT00583271] | 127 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2002-06-30 | Completed | |||
Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injection Compared With Single-Shot Hyaluronic Acid for Treatment of Osteoarthritis Knee: A Prospective, Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01874574] | Phase 4 | 100 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-01-31 | Completed | ||
A Randomized, Controlled Study of ACZ885 (Canakinumab) on the Treatment and Prevention of Gout Flares in Patients With Frequent Flares for Whom NSAIDs and/or Colchicine Are Contraindicated, Not Tolerated or Ineffective Including a 12 Weeks Extension Study [NCT01080131] | Phase 3 | 226 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-03-31 | Completed | ||
Corticosteroid vs Platelet-Rich Plasma Intra-articular Injections in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis in Patients Fifty Years and Older: a Look at Pain and Functional Outcomes at a Single Institution. [NCT06032039] | Early Phase 1 | 160 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-10-01 | Recruiting | ||
Topical Erythropoietin Hydrogel in Management of Oral Lichen Planus: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT06135259] | Phase 3 | 18 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-12-20 | Not yet recruiting | ||
Sub-Tenon Triamcinolone in the Prevention of Radiation-Induced Macular Edema Following Plaque Radiotherapy for Uveal Melanoma [NCT00441662] | 170 participants | Interventional | 2004-11-30 | Completed | |||
The Effect of Intracameral Triesence (Triamcinolone Acetonide Injectable Suspension) on Ocular Inflammation After Trabeculectomy, Tube Shunt Implantation or Combined Trabeculectomy With Cataract Surgery [NCT00853905] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 77 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-02-28 | Completed | ||
Efficacy of Combined Ultrasound Guided Steroid Injection and Splinting in Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome [NCT02708693] | 52 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-04-30 | Completed | |||
Project Arthritis Recovering Quality of Life Through Education - Hip [NCT04018690] | 48 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-09-01 | Not yet recruiting | |||
Pilot Study of Chinese Medicine Medicated Bath as Complementary Medicine for Mild to Moderate Plaque -Type Psoriasis Patient. [NCT04117919] | Phase 2 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-10-05 | Recruiting | ||
The Effect of Ethosomal Gel Bearing Losartan 5% on The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale Score, Degree of Erythema and Pigmentation, Surface Area, Thickness and Pliability of Human Keloids [NCT05893108] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 46 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2024-03-30 | Not yet recruiting | ||
A Comparison of Dexamethasone and Triamcinolone in Combination With Bupivacaine for Ultrasound-guided Occipital C2 Nerve Blocks: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02655523] | Phase 4 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-12-31 | Withdrawn(stopped due to lack of recruitment) | ||
Clinical Outcomes Following Randomization of Steroid Concentration in Patients With Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis [NCT03586687] | Phase 4 | 19 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-07-13 | Terminated(stopped due to insufficient rate of accrual) | ||
Addition of a Topical Steroid to a Topical Retinoid: a Randomized, Split-face, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind, Single-center Clinical Study [NCT02704507] | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-06-30 | Active, not recruiting | |||
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Ultrasound-guided Acupuncture in the Management of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome [NCT02870673] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 72 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-08-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
A Randomized Study Comparing Combined Vitrectomy and Triamcinolone to Laser Grid in Patients With Macular Edema Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) [NCT00642226] | Phase 3 | 34 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-11-30 | Terminated(stopped due to Due to recruiting problems and the introduction of new treatment strategies (ranibizumab and dexamethasone implant).) | ||
Clinical Trials in Stroke Rehabilitation [NCT00597766] | Phase 2 | 28 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-12-31 | Completed | ||
Randomized Trial on the Evaluation of the Effectiveness of One Single Bone Marrow Aspirate Hip Injection Versus Triamcinolone for Hip Osteoarthritis [NCT04990128] | Phase 3 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-06-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
Multi-Center, Randomized, Phase II/III Clinical Trial to Study the Effects of Preservative-Free Triamcinolone Acetonide as an Adjunct to Photodynamic Therapy in Participants With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration [NCT00100009] | Phase 3 | 30 participants | Interventional | 2004-12-09 | Completed | ||
A Multicenter Trial for Surgical Treatment of Central Retinal Vein Occlusion - Radial Optic Neurotomy for CVO The ROVO Study [NCT00532142] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 0 participants | Interventional | 2005-04-30 | Completed | ||
Effect of Intracameral Steroids Injection During Phacoemulsification on Postoperative Corneal Edema and Corneal Endothelium [NCT05271058] | Phase 3 | 69 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-06-16 | Completed | ||
Phase I/II Comparative Study of a Single Intraoperative Sub-Tenon's Capsule Injection of Triamcinolone and Ciprofloxacin in a Controlled-Release System Versus 1% Prednisolone and 0.3% Ciprofloxacin Eyedrops for Cataract Surgery [NCT00431028] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 140 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-09-30 | Terminated(stopped due to Terminated) | ||
Medicated Punctured-Glove-Finger Spacer Study [NCT01420471] | Phase 4 | 50 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-09-30 | Completed | ||
Efficiency And Safety Of Association Arbutin, Triamcinolone And Tretinoin In The Treatment Of Facial Melasma, Taking As Reference The Product Triluma ® (Hidroquinone, Fluoncinolone And Tretinoin). [NCT00717652] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 110 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2008-07-31 | Suspended | ||
A Phase IV, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Single-center Study of the Impact of Topical Steroids on Narrow Band UVB (Ultraviolet B) and Dithranol Combination Treatment of Psoriasis (DIPSO) [NCT01429870] | Phase 4 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-08-31 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Lack of recruitment) | ||
Phase I/II Study of Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide Microspheres for Treatment of Diffuse Diabetic Macular Edema Unresponsive to Conventional Laser Photocoagulation Treatment. [NCT00407849] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2006-10-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
Comparative Study Between Intralesional Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma and Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide in the Oral Erosions of Pemphigus Vulgaris Patients [NCT02828163] | Phase 3 | 11 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-01-31 | Completed | ||
Comparison of Two Combined Therapeutic Methods for Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT00554476] | Phase 4 | 50 participants | Interventional | 2003-01-31 | Terminated(stopped due to Because the sample volume was completed during three years.) | ||
The Role of Triamcinolone Injection During Cataract Extraction for Diabetic Patients With Pre-Operative Macular Edema [NCT00229931] | 11 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-11-30 | Completed | |||
Pilot Study of the Combination of Anecortave Acetate 15mg Delivered by Posterior Juxtascleral Injection and Triamcinolone Acetonide 4mg Delivered by Intravitreal Injection for the Treatment of Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) [NCT00211419] | Phase 1 | 0 participants | Interventional | Completed | |||
Effectiveness and Tolerance Infiltration Intraarticular Corticosteroid According to Dose [NCT01851278] | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2013-04-30 | Recruiting | |||
PRevention of Macular EDema After Cataract Surgery [NCT01774474] | Phase 3 | 1,127 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-07-10 | Completed | ||
Additive Effects of Hyaluronidase in Intra-articular Steroid Injection Treating the Initial Stage of Adhesive Capsulitis for Shoulder [NCT04347733] | Phase 3 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-05-02 | Completed | ||
Efficacy and Tolerance Comparison Between Subconjunctival Injection of Triamcinolone and Intravitreal Implant of Dexamethasone for the Treatment of Inflammatory Macular Edema [NCT02556424] | Phase 3 | 114 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-01-31 | Completed | ||
A Randomised, Double-blind, French Multi-centre Study, to Evaluate the Efficacy and Tolerance, in Comparison With Placebo, of Nasacort in Chronic Non Allergic and Non Infectious Rhinitis in Adults [NCT00344942] | Phase 3 | 77 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-04-30 | Terminated(stopped due to patient's recruitment too difficult) | ||
Intracameral Use of Triamcinolone and Gatifloxacin Versus Standard Postoperative Steroid and Antibiotic Eye Drops After Cataract Surgery [NCT00478764] | 41 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-03-31 | Completed | |||
Comparison of Efficacy Between Silicone Ahmed Glaucoma Valves With and Without Intravitreal Triamcinolone Injection [NCT00491712] | 49 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-09-30 | Active, not recruiting | |||
Dosage Dependency of Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide for Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema [NCT00476918] | Phase 1 | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2006-07-31 | Recruiting | ||
Clinical Evaluation of New Treatment Strategy of Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid Using Large Dose of Prednisolone Plus Intra-lesional of Triamcinolone Acetonide Followed by Combination of Mycophenolate Mofetil, Dapsone and Low Dose Prednisolone [NCT04744623] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-09-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
[NCT00523406] | Phase 3 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-08-31 | Completed | ||
Clinical Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Triamcinolone Acetonide Suspension for Visualization During Vitrectomy Surgery [NCT00532415] | Phase 3 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-09-30 | Completed | ||
An Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Safety of Lebrikizumab Compared to Topical Corticosteroids in Adult Patients With Persistent, Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis [NCT02465606] | Phase 2 | 55 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-07-30 | Completed | ||
Biological Response to Platelet-rich Plasma and Corticosteroid Injections [NCT05657496] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 70 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-12-28 | Recruiting | ||
[NCT00370266] | Phase 2 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2003-02-28 | Completed | ||
[NCT00370422] | Phase 3 | 0 participants | Interventional | 2005-11-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
A 24-month Randomized, Double-masked, Sham Controlled, Multicenter, Phase IIIB Study Comparing Photodynamic Therapy With Verteporfin (Visudyne®) Plus Two Different Dose Regimens of Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide (1 mg and 4 mg) Versus Visudyne® Plus [NCT00242580] | Phase 3 | 111 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-09-30 | Completed | ||
Intra-articular Injection of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain: a Multicentric, Double Blind Randomised, Versus Steroid Study [NCT01473277] | Phase 2 | 52 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2012-01-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
Combined Posterior Sub-Tenon Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide and Laser Photocoagulation for the Treatment of Clinically Significant Macular Edema [NCT00229918] | Phase 2 | 60 participants | Interventional | 2005-09-30 | Recruiting | ||
Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Deep Perineural Platelet Rich Plasma Versus Corticosteroid Injection in Patients With Ulnar Neuropathy at Elbow, a Comparative Study [NCT05567081] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-06-01 | Completed | ||
Evaluation of the Effect of Triamcinolone at Different Doses on Local Infiltration Anesthesia During Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT05997238] | 90 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2023-04-25 | Recruiting | |||
The Effect of Epidural Steroid Injections on Glycemic Control in Diabetic Patients According to the Doses of Steroids [NCT01435707] | 125 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-09-30 | Completed | |||
Dropless Pars Plana Vitrectomy Study [NCT05331664] | Phase 4 | 168 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-07-25 | Recruiting | ||
A Randomized Trial Comparing Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide and Laser Photocoagulation for Diabetic Macular Edema [NCT00105404] | Phase 3 | 5 participants | Interventional | 2005-03-09 | Completed | ||
Triamcinolone as Adjunctive Treatment to Laser Panretinal Photocoagulation for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy [NCT00443521] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 30 participants | Interventional | 2005-03-31 | Completed | ||
Intravitreal Bevacizumab Combined With Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection Versus Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Age Related Macular Degeneration [NCT00447031] | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-03-31 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Insufficient patients who met inclusion criteria) | |||
Triamcinolone Acetonide as an Adjunctive Treatment to Verteporfin Therapy in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. [NCT00148551] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2004-01-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
Comparison of the Short-term Clinical Effects of Anterior Extra-articular and Posterior Intra-articular Administration of Ultrasound-guided Steroid Injection in the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis. A Prospective, Randomized and Single-blind Study [NCT05668286] | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-05-24 | Recruiting | |||
Additional Therapeutic Effects of Triamcinolone to Hyaluronic Acid on Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double Blind, Randomized-controlled Clinical Trial [NCT02949466] | Phase 4 | 56 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-10-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
PRESSURE: Prospektive, Randomisierte Und Kontrollierte Untersuchung Von Lokaler Druckapplikation im Rahmen Der Keloid-Therapie Der Ohrmuschel [NCT02962518] | 18 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-07-31 | Completed | |||
Intravitreal Bevacizumab Versus Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide for Refractory Diabetic Macular Edema [NCT00468351] | Phase 1 | 0 participants | Interventional | 2006-04-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
Comparison of Perioperative Outcome Between Corticosteroids and Placebo in Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy. A Single-center Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial. [NCT03273036] | Phase 4 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-05-01 | Completed | ||
[NCT00600301] | Phase 3 | 0 participants | Interventional | Recruiting | |||
PILOT: Home Telemonitoring for Self-Management Education of Patients With Lung Ca [NCT01670539] | 47 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-04-30 | Completed | |||
Longitudinal Endotyping Of Atopic Dermatitis Through Transcriptomic Skin Analysis (ADRN-12) [NCT05436535] | Phase 4 | 600 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-11-21 | Recruiting | ||
Ultrasound-guided Glenohumeral Versus Subacromial Steroid Injections for Impingement Syndrome With Mild Stiffness: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT06051370] | 51 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-01-12 | Completed | |||
Heated Lidocaine Patch Compared to Subacromial Injections in the Treatment of Pain Associated With Shoulder Impingement Syndrome, A Pilot [NCT01544283] | Phase 2 | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2012-03-31 | Recruiting | ||
Comparison of Topical Tacrolimus, Triamcinolone and Placebo in the Treatment of Symptomatic Oral Lichen Planus [NCT01544842] | 28 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-08-31 | Terminated(stopped due to Lack of resources) | |||
Phase I Study of Intravitreal Injections Versus Anterior Sub-Tenon Injections of Triamcinolone Acetonide Formulation for Macular Edema in Retinal Disorders [NCT00101764] | Phase 1 | 120 participants | Interventional | 2005-01-05 | Completed | ||
The Standard Care vs. Corticosteroid for Retinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE) Study [NCT00106132] | Phase 3 | 1,260 participants | Interventional | 2005-03-31 | Completed | ||
The Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Early Intervention Trial [NCT00000569] | Phase 3 | 1,116 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 1993-09-30 | Completed | ||
Pilot Study of Intravitreal Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide Formulation for Retinal Vascular Disorders [NCT00071227] | Phase 1 | 16 participants | Interventional | 2003-10-15 | Completed | ||
A Randomized, Intraindividual, Phase 4 Study to Evaluate the Short-Term Efficacy of Triamcinolone Acetonide (Aristocort® C) in Subjects With Atopic Dermatitis [NCT05844618] | Phase 4 | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-05-09 | Recruiting | ||
Phase IIB Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Topical Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) With and Without a Topical Corticosteroid Cream (Triamcinolone 0.1%) in the Therapy of Actinic Keratoses (AK) on t [NCT00021294] | Phase 2 | 0 participants | Interventional | 2001-05-31 | Completed | ||
Assistant Professor, Ophthalmology Department, Al Azhar University [NCT05428683] | 84 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-12-03 | Completed | |||
An Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Nasacort AQ 110 µg QD Children Ages 2-5 Years With Perennial Allergic Rhinitis [NCT00132925] | Phase 3 | 460 participants | Interventional | 2003-11-30 | Completed | ||
An Open Label Extension of the Phase II/III Clinical Trial of Intravitreal Triamcinolone on the Effects and Safety of Clinically Significant Diabetic Macular Oedema That Persists After Laser Treatment [NCT00148330] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 64 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-05-31 | Completed | ||
[NCT00370630] | Phase 2 | 15 participants | Interventional | 2006-08-31 | Recruiting | ||
Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of FX006 Administered to Patients With Greater Trochanteric Bursitis [NCT04182672] | Phase 2 | 22 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-08-12 | Active, not recruiting | ||
"NEUROIMPA Intraarticular Application of Opioids in Chronic Arthritis" [NCT02967302] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 112 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-08-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
Injection After Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy [NCT04641351] | Phase 4 | 150 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-05-27 | Enrolling by invitation | ||
Differential Efficacy of Corticosteroid Solutions for Non-Operative Treatment of Digit Flexor Tenosynovitis: A Double-Blind Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT04002037] | Phase 4 | 120 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-06-25 | Terminated(stopped due to Preliminary analysis revealed no difference) | ||
Using Saline for Myofascial Pain Syndromes (USAMPS) [NCT02120261] | Phase 4 | 51 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-05-31 | Terminated(stopped due to lack of activity, Primary researcher moved to another institution) | ||
Randomized Trial Evaluating Bevacizumabe or Triamcinolone for Persistent Diabetic Macular Edema [NCT02985619] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 100 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-07-21 | Completed | ||
Identifying Variables Associated With Steroid-Induced Hyperglycemia Following Intra-articular Knee Injections Among Diabetic Patients [NCT04317404] | 11 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2020-11-01 | Completed | |||
The Effects of Triamcinolone Acetonide With Retrobulbar Anesthesia on Postoperative Pain Control Following Vitreoretinal Surgery [NCT01995045] | Phase 4 | 58 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-07-31 | Completed | ||
The Safety and the Efficacy of Combined Vitrectomy, Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide and Macular Focal Laser Photocoagulation for the Treatment of Intractable Diffuse Diabetic Macular Edema [NCT00371410] | Phase 1 | 0 participants | Interventional | 2005-04-30 | Completed | ||
Early Anti-inflammatory Treatment in Patients With Acute ACL Tear [NCT01692756] | Phase 2 | 49 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-03-31 | Completed | ||
Phase 4 Study Comparing of Dexamethasone to Triamcinolone for Ultrasound-guided Trigeminal Nerve Block: A Randomized Controlled Trial. [NCT02024724] | Phase 4 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-11-30 | Completed | ||
Intraorbital Injection Versus Oral Steroid in Patients With Anterior Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT03958344] | Phase 3 | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-01-01 | Recruiting | ||
Multicenter, PrOspective, Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing GenIcular Artery EmbOlization Using Embosphere Microspheres to Corticosteroid iNjections for the Treatment of Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: MOTION Study [NCT05818150] | 264 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2024-01-31 | Not yet recruiting | |||
Pilot Study of Peribulbar Triamcinolone Acetonide for Diabetic Macular Edema [NCT00231023] | Phase 2 | 10 participants | Interventional | 2005-09-30 | Completed | ||
Phase 1 Prospective, Randomized, Double-Masked, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Two Dose Levels of the Helical Intravitreal Triamcinolone Implant in Diabetic Macular Edema [NCT00915837] | Phase 1 | 31 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-06-30 | Completed | ||
A Pilot Study of Intralesional Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide for Desmoid Tumors [NCT03627741] | Phase 1 | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-06-07 | Completed | ||
Comparative,Randomized Study Between Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide and Air-Fluid Exchange in Eyes With Post Vitrectomy Diabetic Vitreous Hemorrhage [NCT00300014] | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2006-01-31 | Recruiting | |||
Neovascular Age Related Macular Degeneration, Periocular Corticosteroids, and Photodynamic Therapy [NCT00305630] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 100 participants | Interventional | 2002-07-31 | Completed | ||
[NCT01504074] | 50 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2011-11-30 | Completed | |||
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel Group, Dose-Ranging Study Comparing FX006 to Commercially Available Triamcinolone Acetonide Injectable Suspension in Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee [NCT01487161] | Phase 2 | 229 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-06-30 | Completed | ||
Triple Treatment for Detachment of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Secondary to Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy. [NCT01666236] | Phase 4 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-09-30 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Lack of resources) | ||
Changes Noted After Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection. [NCT05288192] | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-02-15 | Recruiting | |||
Bayesian Non-inferiority Trial of Injection Therapies for Acromioclavicular Joint Pain: a Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT05161468] | Phase 4 | 150 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-07-01 | Recruiting | ||
An Open-Label, Follow-On Study to Cingal 13-01 to Evaluate the Safety of a Repeat Injection of Cross-Linked Sodium Hyaluronate Combined With Triamcinolone Hexacetonide to Provide Symptomatic Relief of Osteoarthritis of the Knee [NCT02381652] | Phase 3 | 242 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-02-28 | Completed | ||
Safety and Efficacy of Combined Restylane and Triamcinolone Acetonide Injections for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata [NCT01797432] | Phase 2 | 14 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-03-31 | Completed | ||
Ranibizumab (rhuFab V2) and Scatter Laser Photocoagulation in Treatment of Patients With Clinically-significant Diabetic Macular Edema With Peripheral Retinal Nonperfusion (RaScaL) [NCT00815360] | Phase 2 | 22 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-02-29 | Completed | ||
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Psoriatic Nails Treatment Between by Intralesional 0.1%Triamcinolone Injection and Topical 0.05%Clobetasol Propionate Ointment [NCT01703325] | Phase 4 | 16 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-11-30 | Completed | ||
An Investigator-Initiated Study to Assess the Cooling Effect of Triamcinolone Acetonide Aerosol When Used for Steroid-Responsive Dermatoses [NCT01736670] | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-04-30 | Completed | |||
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Suprascapular Nerve Block in Adhesive Capsulitis: a Randomized Controlled Superiority Trial [NCT06176248] | 62 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2024-02-29 | Not yet recruiting | |||
Triamcinolone Acetonide Injections in Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma Plaques With a Novel Needle-free Drug-delivery System. [NCT05106192] | 22 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2024-06-01 | Not yet recruiting | |||
The Use of Intraocular Triamcinolone in the Perioperative Period of Congenital Cataract Surgery [NCT01800708] | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-01-31 | Completed | |||
Quantitative Comparison of the Efficacy of Subtenon 20-mg Triamcinolone Injection With 0.1% Dexamethasone Eye Drop in Controlling Intraocular Inflammation After Phacoemulsification [NCT01801774] | Phase 4 | 140 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2012-05-31 | Recruiting | ||
Strategies Towards Personalised Treatment in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): The MyJIA Trial. [NCT04614311] | Phase 4 | 202 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-12-01 | Recruiting | ||
[NCT00370539] | Phase 3 | 0 participants | Interventional | 2006-09-30 | Recruiting | ||
Effect of Intra-articular Steroids on Structural Progression of Knee OA: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01230424] | Phase 4 | 140 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-03-31 | Completed | ||
Open-Label, Safety and Tolerability Study of Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone Acetonide Via Microneedle in Subjects With Non-Infectious Uveitis [NCT01789320] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 11 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-02-28 | Completed | ||
A Randomized, Double-Blind Study of the Efficacy of Steroid Supplementation After Temporomandibular Joint Arthrocentesis [NCT01770912] | Phase 2 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-03-31 | Completed | ||
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel Group, Proof of Concept Study Comparing FX006 to Kenalog®-40 in Patients With Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis of the Knee [NCT02468583] | Phase 2 | 6 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-02-28 | Terminated | ||
Randomized Prospective Study of Particulate Corticosteroid Versus Non-particulate Corticosteroid for Sacroiliac Joint Steroid Injection [NCT03166761] | Phase 4 | 41 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-09-14 | Terminated(stopped due to recruitment and staffing) | ||
A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Effects of Subacromial Injection With Corticosteroid Versus NSAID in Patients With Shoulder Impingement Syndrome [NCT01449448] | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2000-09-30 | Withdrawn(stopped due to PI didn't have time to finish approval process) | |||
Success of Long-acting Anti-inflammatories After Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Meniscal Injury [NCT04331002] | Phase 2 | 1 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-08-21 | Terminated(stopped due to Funding Termination) | ||
Genicular Nerve Block in Rheumatoid Arthritis: a Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT04361513] | Phase 4 | 64 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-04-15 | Completed | ||
Do Cervical Interlaminar Epidural Steroid Injections With Low-dose Lidocaine Cause Transient Objective Upper Extremity Weakness? A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03127137] | Phase 4 | 123 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-08-01 | Completed | ||
A Randomized, Open-label, Parallel Group Study in Patients With Bilateral Knee Osteoarthritis Comparing the Systemic Exposure of Triamcinolone Acetonide Following Administration Into Both Knees of Either Extended-release FX006 or Immediate-release TAcs (T [NCT03378076] | Phase 2 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-12-06 | Completed | ||
Valchlor Therapy in Conjunction With Triamcinolone 0.1% Ointment for the Treatment of Contact Dermatitis in Patients With Early Stage Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma (Mechlorethamine Induced Dermatitis Avoidance Study) [NCT03380026] | Phase 2 | 28 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-12-13 | Completed | ||
Clinical Effectiveness of Symptomatic Therapy Compared to Standard Step up Care for the Treatment of Low Impact Psoriatic Oligoarthritis: a 2 Arm Parallel Group Feasibility Study [NCT03797872] | Phase 4 | 1 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-04-17 | Completed | ||
An Open-Label Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Combining 20089 (Triamcinolone Acetonide Intravitreal Injection) When Used Adjunctively With Lucentis® 0.5 mg Intravitreal Injection in Subjects With Subfoveal Neovascular AMD [NCT01175395] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-09-30 | Completed | ||
Piezoelectric Drived Microneedling in Treating Refractory Skin Diseases: A Pilot Study [NCT05488860] | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-07-30 | Recruiting | |||
A Study in Atopic Dermatitis to Determine Serum and Skin Biopsy Biomarkers in Patients Receiving Topical Corticosteroid (TCS) and Following TCS Withdrawal [NCT02317276] | Phase 4 | 11 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-12-31 | Terminated(stopped due to Unable to meet the study's recruitment goals) | ||
SporTRIA Study: A Multicentre Trial for Excretion Kinetics of Triamcinolone Acetonide Following Sport Related Intra-articular Injections in Knees; Definitions of the Washout Periods [NCT04574232] | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-01-01 | Recruiting | |||
Intra-Articular Use of Platelet Rich Plasma Versus Corticosteroid: A Clinical Trials in Osteoarthritis of Knee. [NCT03086759] | Phase 4 | 99 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-01-02 | Completed | ||
Comparison of the Effects of Ultrasonography-guided Suprascapular Nerve Block and Intra-articular Shoulder Injection on Pain, Functional Status and Range of Motion in Patients With Adhesive Capsulitis; Randomized, Controlled Trial [NCT05909462] | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2023-01-21 | Completed | |||
Steroid and Sodium Hyaluronate Hydrodilatation [NCT05861570] | 84 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-05-18 | Recruiting | |||
A Prospective Triple-Blinded Single-Center Study of Laser-Assisted 5-Fluorouracil Versus Laser-Assisted Corticosteroid Treatment for Keloids [NCT04786210] | Phase 4 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-01-30 | Completed | ||
Modified SALT Score for Assessment of Alopecia Areata [NCT04412148] | Phase 4 | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-01-01 | Recruiting | ||
Comparison of Triamcinolone Acetonide Mucoadhesive Film and Licorice Mucoadhesive Film Effect on the Duration and Symptoms of Lesions That Caused by Symptomatic Oral Lichen Planus [NCT02453503] | Phase 2 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-01-31 | Completed | ||
Efficacy of Autologous Adipose Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction in the Treatment of Keloids [NCT04391621] | Phase 2 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-05-01 | Recruiting | ||
Subakromiyal sıkışma Sendromunda Hyaluronik Asit, Kortikosteroid ve Elektroterapi [NCT04833738] | 90 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-09-11 | Completed | |||
Thoracic Epidural Morphine Versus Triamcinolone Acetonide Analgesia in Flail Chest [NCT03413059] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-02-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
The Standard Care vs. COrticosteroid for REtinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE) Study: Two Randomized Trials to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Injection(s) of Triamcinolone Acetonide With Standard Care to Treat Macular Edema [NCT00105027] | Phase 3 | 682 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-10-31 | Completed | ||
Rilonacept (Arcalyst ®) in the Treatment of Subacromial Bursitis [NCT01830699] | 33 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-03-31 | Completed | |||
The Effectiveness of Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injection in Patients With Whiplash-related Neck Pain [NCT04959721] | 32 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-07-15 | Not yet recruiting | |||
Effects of Ultrasound-guide Hypertonic Dextrose Injection for Chronic Subacromial Bursitis [NCT04916353] | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-06-10 | Recruiting | |||
[NCT00373282] | Phase 3 | 0 participants | Interventional | 2001-06-30 | Completed | ||
Comparing Low Dose and High Dose Steroid Injection for Adhesive Capsulitis [NCT04364425] | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-05-04 | Recruiting | |||
Effect of Combined Ultrasound-guided Subdeltoid Corticosteroid Injections and Physiotherapy in Treatment of Patients With Chronic Subacromial Bursitis [NCT03871465] | 111 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-08-01 | Completed | |||
A Randomized, Double-blind, Active-control, Multicenter, Efficacy and Safety Study of 2 Dose Levels of Subcutaneous Anakinra Compared to Intramuscular Triamcinolone in the Treatment of Acute Gouty Arthritis, Followed by an Extension Period of up to 2 Year [NCT03002974] | Phase 2 | 165 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-12-31 | Completed | ||
Cell Therapy for Patients With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: Phase I / II, Controlled, Randomized and Double-blind Clinical Trial [NCT04863183] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-06-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
A Two Different Chemoprophylaxis Approaches After Phacoemulsification Surgery in One Thousand Patients in Iraq :a Clinical Trial [NCT03634852] | Phase 4 | 1,000 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-10-01 | Completed | ||
A Clinical and Immunological Study of Phototoxic Doses of Ultraviolet A for Treatment of Alopecia Areata: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT01559584] | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-03-31 | Completed | |||
Outcome in Shoulder Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) Between Corticosteroid and Corticosteroid With Distension Compared to Wait and See Policy, a Randomised Controlled Trial [NCT01570985] | Phase 3 | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2010-02-28 | Active, not recruiting | ||
Randomized Multicenter Clinical Trial of Three Parallel Groups to Estimate the Safety and Efficacy of Triamcinolone Acetonide Combined With Laser, Bevacizumab Combined With Laser Versus Laser Alone for the Treatment of Diffuse Non-tractional Diabetic Macu [NCT01572350] | Phase 3 | 105 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2010-10-31 | Completed | ||
[NCT01599273] | Phase 4 | 50 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-05-31 | Completed | ||
Efficacy of Formulated Posterior Sub Tenon Triamcinolone in Macular Edema Secondary to Non-Ischemic Retinal Vein Occlusions [NCT05345808] | 46 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-03-01 | Completed | |||
Needle-Free Injection of Lidocaine for Local Anesthesia Prior to Trigger Digit Injection [NCT02084706] | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-03-31 | Completed | |||
[NCT00370370] | Phase 3 | 0 participants | Interventional | 2005-11-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
[NCT00370669] | Phase 3 | 150 participants | Interventional | 2005-11-30 | Recruiting | ||
Safety and Effectiveness of Single-dose Subconjunctival Triamcinolone Compared to Topical Prednisolone Eye Drops in Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery [NCT05248139] | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-10-31 | Not yet recruiting | |||
Treatment of Early Nasal Polyposis With Topical Triamcinolone [NCT01222871] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 1 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-07-31 | Terminated(stopped due to not enough particpants) | ||
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Single-Dose Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of FX006 for the Treatment of Pain in Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee [NCT02357459] | Phase 3 | 486 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-01-31 | Completed | ||
Post-Operative Sub-Tenon Kenalog in Glaucoma Filtering Surgery [NCT00238563] | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | Withdrawn(stopped due to Funding not secured) | ||||
The Efficacy of Local Anesthetics to Reduce Shoulder Pain Post-Steroid Injections [NCT02592629] | Phase 4 | 19 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-02-01 | Terminated(stopped due to Lack of time to enroll due to additional responsibilities of the PI and research coordinator.) | ||
Comparing Efficacy of Topical Steroid Cream vs. Ointment Formulations Using Wet Dressings for Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis [NCT02680301] | Phase 4 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-03-31 | Completed | ||
[NCT00369863] | Phase 2 | 76 participants | Interventional | 2002-06-30 | Completed | ||
[NCT00371111] | Phase 1 | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2006-08-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
The Effectiveness of Nasal Corticosteroids Versus Placebo in Nasal Obstruction in Patients With Nasal Septal Deviation [NCT02877485] | Phase 4 | 42 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-08-31 | Completed | ||
NSAID Injection Versus Corticosteroid Injection for Basilar Thumb Arthritis: A Randomized, Controlled Trial [NCT05992883] | Phase 3 | 240 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-07-28 | Recruiting | ||
Comparison of the Efficacy of Two Techniques for Sacroiliac Joint Injection: Ultrasound Guidance Versus Fluoroscopic Guidance [NCT02420041] | 28 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-10-31 | Completed | |||
Peripheral Nerve Injections for the Treatment of Upper Extremity Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Feasibility Study for a Proposed Randomized Design [NCT04744675] | Phase 4 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-03-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Local Steroid Application on a Cervical Plate Versus Intravenous Steroids on Dysphagia Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) [NCT02577991] | 80 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-02-28 | Completed | |||
The Soft Tissue Injection of Corticosteroid And Local Anaesthetic Study - A Single Site, Non-inferiority Randomised Control Trial Evaluating Pain After Soft Tissue Corticosteroid Injections With and Without Local Anaesthetic [NCT04253457] | Phase 3 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-02-26 | Recruiting | ||
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Two Different Bladder Instillation Treatments for Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome [NCT03463915] | Phase 3 | 90 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-01-25 | Completed | ||
Triamcinolone With Vitamin D Synergistic Efficacy in Psoriasis [NCT04036188] | Early Phase 1 | 24 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-10-16 | Recruiting | ||
Transpupillary Thermotherapy (TTT) Alone Versus the Combined Therapy Consisting of TTT and Intravitreal Injection of Triamcinolone to Decrease Exudation in Choroidal Melanoma After Proton Beam Therapy [NCT02379000] | Phase 4 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-01-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
A Stratified Investigation of a Single Injection of ZILRETTA™ (Triamcinolone Acetonide Extended-release Injectable Suspension) for Symptomatic Relief in Patients With Idiopathic Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder [NCT04831255] | Phase 1 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-06-21 | Recruiting | ||
Is the Efficacy of Epidural Steroid Injections Related to the Different Volume Injections? :A Randomised, Clinical Trial [NCT02343432] | 75 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-03-31 | Completed | |||
An Open-label Extension Study of CACZ885H2356E2 and CACZ885H2357E2 on the Treatment and Prevention of Gout Flares in Patients With Frequent Flares for Whom NSAIDs and/or Colchicine Are Contraindicated, Not Tolerated or Ineffective [NCT01470989] | Phase 3 | 136 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-11-30 | Completed | ||
Ultrasound-guided PRP Versus Steroid Injections in Management of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; a Comparative Study [NCT04434105] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 90 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-02-01 | Active, not recruiting | ||
A Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Multicenter, Phase III Prospective Non-inferiority Clinical Trial to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Nasacort® Nasal Spray (Triamcinolone, 55µg) in Comparison With Flixonase® Nasal Spray (Fluticasone, 50 µg) in Ad [NCT03317015] | Phase 3 | 260 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-11-30 | Completed | ||
25-Gauge Vitrectomy With Ranibizumab or Triamcinolone Acetonide on Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in China: a Randomized, Single Blind Trial [NCT02447185] | Phase 3 | 200 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-06-30 | Recruiting | ||
Early Effect of Cingal® Compared to Monovisc® in Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee (EEFFEK Study) [NCT03062787] | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-04-05 | Completed | |||
A Comparison of Clinical Efficiency of Photodynamic Therapy and Topical Corticosteroid in Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus- Split-Mouth Randomised [NCT04976673] | Phase 2 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-12-10 | Completed | ||
A Randomized, Evaluator Blinded, Within Subject, Single-Centre Evaluation of the Vasoconstriction Properties of MC2-01 Cream, Compared to 5 Other Corticosteroids in Healthy Subjects [NCT03758365] | Phase 1 | 36 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-11-05 | Completed | ||
Comparative Efficacy of Dexamethasone, Doxycycline, Nystatin and Promethazine With Triamcinolone in Orabase as Symptomatic Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus, A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03237533] | Early Phase 1 | 32 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-06-01 | Recruiting | ||
Randomized, Double-Blind, Active Comparator Controlled, Multi-Center Study of a Single Injection Cross-Linked Sodium Hyaluronate Combined With Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (Cingal™) to Provide Symptomatic Relief of Osteoarthritis of the Knee [NCT03191903] | Phase 3 | 576 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-05-25 | Completed | ||
Triamcinolone Versus Methylprednisolone in Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Major Open Abdominal Surgery [NCT04480775] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 84 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-07-15 | Completed | ||
Triamcinolone Acetonide Levels in Cochlear Perilymph, Lateral Canal and CSF in Patients With Vestibular Schwannomas [NCT04658836] | Phase 1 | 21 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-02-01 | Completed | ||
Using Intraoperative Triamcinolone Acetonide Irrigation to Reduce Post-Operative Pain From Scleral Buckle Surgery [NCT04701593] | Phase 4 | 24 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-01-03 | Recruiting | ||
Effect of ZILRETTA Versus CELESTONE on Quality of Life, Pain, Neuromuscular Function, and Physical Performance [NCT05058209] | Phase 4 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-11-30 | Completed | ||
Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection A Novel Therapy for Serous Retinal Detachment in Vogt-Koyanagi Harada's Disease [NCT05031143] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 6 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-04-01 | Completed | ||
Proof of Concept Investigation of the Steroid-reducing Effects of Crisaborole in Children [NCT03832010] | Phase 4 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-12-17 | Active, not recruiting | ||
An Open-label, Single Administration Study to Characterize the Systemic Pharmacokinetics and Local Extent and Duration of Exposure of Triamcinolone Acetonide From FX006 in Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee [NCT02637323] | Phase 2 | 81 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-11-30 | Completed | ||
Pilot Study of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qing-Re-Liang-Xue Decoction) as Complementary Medicine for Psoriasis Vulgaris of Blood-heat Syndrome. [NCT04994951] | Phase 2 | 200 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-09-30 | Recruiting | ||
Efficacy of Corticosteroid Injection Into Coracohumeral Ligament in Patients With Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder [NCT03013205] | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-02-28 | Not yet recruiting | |||
Comparison of Ultrasound-guided Corticosteroid Injection Versus Corticosteroid Injection and Hydrodissection for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome [NCT04346030] | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-04-17 | Recruiting | |||
Botulinum Toxin Versus Steroid Injection for Basal Joint Arthritis of the Thumb: a Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial [NCT01045694] | Phase 4 | 8 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-03-31 | Terminated(stopped due to Unable to acquire additional funding needed to continue this study.) | ||
Evaluation of Efficacy and Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal Axis Suppression Due to a Single Intrabursal Injection of Corticosteroids in Patients With Shoulder Calcific Tendinopathy [NCT01652495] | Phase 4 | 44 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-03-31 | Completed | ||
[NCT01614509] | 45 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-01-31 | Completed | |||
A Randomized, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Active Controlled Study of Canakinumab (ACZ885) on the Treatment and Prevention of Gout Flares in Patients With Frequent Flares for Whom NSAIDs and/ or Colchicine Are Contraindicated, Not Tolerated or Ineffective [NCT01362608] | Phase 3 | 136 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-06-20 | Terminated | ||
A Phase 2, Randomized, Active and Placebo-Controlled, Dose Ranging Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Intra-articular Resiniferatoxin to Treat Moderate to Severe Pain From Knee Osteoarthritis [NCT04885972] | Phase 2 | 124 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-11-15 | Active, not recruiting | ||
Benefit of Placebo and Different Concentrations of Triamcinolone Acetonide in Nail Psoriasis [NCT03991936] | Phase 4 | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-03-11 | Completed | ||
Mobile Device Based Telerehabilitation for Frozen Shoulder-A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study. [NCT05980572] | 76 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-01-01 | Recruiting | |||
Transepidermal Delivery of Triamcinolone Acetonide or Platelet Rich Plasma Using Either Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser or Microneedling in Treatment of Alopecia Areata [NCT04147845] | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-10-30 | Completed | |||
Improvement in Function and Pain Due to Subacromial Bursitis in Relationship to Dose of Triamcinolone Acetonide and Methylyprednisolone [NCT02242630] | 61 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-09-30 | Completed | |||
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Nail Genesis DLSO Product for Onychomycosis [NCT06074315] | 338 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-10-01 | Recruiting | |||
A Randomized, Triple-Blinded Study of Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Celiac Plexus Blockade (EUS-CPB) With Bupivicaine and Triamcinolone vs. Bupivicaine Alone for the Treatment of Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis [NCT00658736] | Phase 3 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-03-31 | Completed | ||
An Open-label, Single Administration Study to Characterize the Local Duration of Exposure of Triamcinolone Acetonide From FX006 in Patients With Osteoarthritis (OA) of the Knee [NCT02003365] | Phase 2 | 50 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-11-30 | Completed | ||
Comparison of Keloid Volume and Symptoms Reduction Between Intralesional Umbilical-Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Its Conditioned Medium, and Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection as Keloid Therapy: A Randomised Controlled Trial [NCT05887804] | Phase 4 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-10-01 | Completed | ||
Prospective, Randomized Trial of Intralesional Steroid Injection Versus Oral Prednisolone in Prevention of Esophageal Stricture After Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection [NCT04498260] | Phase 4 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-01-21 | Recruiting | ||
The Long-term Effect of Perineural Injection Therapy Versus Steroid in Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome [NCT02990962] | 54 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-12-31 | Completed | |||
Evaluation of Systemic Administration of Green Tea Polyphenols as a Supportive Antioxidant Agent in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus [NCT02329600] | Phase 3 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-06-30 | Completed | ||
The Long-term Effect for Perineural Injection Therapy for Ulnar Neuropathy at Elbow [NCT02986906] | 36 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-03-01 | Completed | |||
Implications and Stability of Clinical and Molecular Phenotypes of Severe Asthma [NCT01748175] | 715 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2013-01-31 | Completed | |||
Effect of the Combination of Photobiomodulation Therapy and the Intralesional Administration of Corticoid in the Preoperative and Postoperative Periods of Keloid Surgery: a Randomized, Controlled, Double-blind Trial [NCT04824612] | 58 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-08-30 | Enrolling by invitation | |||
Treatment Results for Patients With Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia (CCCA): a Multicenter Prospective Study [NCT04207931] | Phase 4 | 250 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-04-30 | Recruiting | ||
Bevacizumabe e Acetato de Triancinolona Intra-vítreo Associados à Laserterapia em Pacientes Com Edema Macular diabético (IBeTA) [NCT02310295] | 45 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-01-31 | Completed | |||
Do Cervical Interlaminar Epidural Steroid Injections With Low-dose Lidocaine Cause Transient Objective Upper Extremity Weakness? A Prospective Randomized [NCT03382925] | Phase 4 | 16 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-12-20 | Terminated(stopped due to Not enough cervical interlaminar patients who meet criteria in order to meet recruitment goals.) | ||
The Clinical Application of PLT Combined With Steroid in Lateral Epicondylopathy and Supraspinatus Calcific Tendinopathy [NCT05648032] | Phase 3 | 180 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-10-06 | Recruiting | ||
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Multi-Center Study of a Single Injection Cross-Linked Sodium Hyaluronate Combined With Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (Cingal®) to Provide Symptomatic Relief of Osteoarthritis of the Knee [NCT04231318] | Phase 3 | 231 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-09-11 | Completed | ||
Effect of ZILRETTA Injection on Neuromuscular Function, Gait Biomechanics and Physical Performance [NCT04261049] | Phase 1 | 35 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-08-01 | Completed | ||
The ESCRS EPICAT Study: Effectiveness of Periocular Drug Injection in CATaract Surgery [NCT05158699] | Phase 3 | 808 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-10-13 | Recruiting | ||
Comparison of Corticosteroid and Repeated Dextrose Hydro-dissection for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Patients [NCT04579783] | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-11-27 | Recruiting | |||
Evaluation of Triamcinolone's Efficacy on the Ultrasound- Guided Infiltration in the Quadratus Lumborum Syndrome: a Double Blind, Randomized, Controlled Study [NCT03407027] | Phase 4 | 66 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-11-01 | Enrolling by invitation | ||
Painful Inflammatory Carpometacarpal-1 Osteoarthritis Treated With Intraarticular Steroids, Saline or an Occupational Therapy Intervention: the PICASSO Trial. [NCT06084364] | Phase 4 | 354 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-11-03 | Recruiting | ||
Pilot Study of Early Postoperative Fractional Ablative Laser Treatment of Skin Grafts for Burns [NCT04176705] | 9 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-12-14 | Completed | |||
Using Ultrasound to Predict Response to Intraarticular Corticosteroids in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT00746889] | 79 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-03-31 | Completed | |||
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel Group, Active Comparator Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamic Effects (HPA Axis) of FX006 in Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee [NCT01487200] | Phase 2 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-07-31 | Completed | ||
Biologics and Blistering - Using a Contact Dermatitis Model With Biologic Medications to Study Skin Inflammation Through Suction Blistering [NCT05535738] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 45 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-11-15 | Recruiting | ||
Predictability of the Effects of Facet Joint Infiltration in the Degenerate Lumbar Spine When Assessing MRI Scans [NCT03308149] | 50 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2016-01-10 | Completed | |||
Efficacy of Intralesional Triamcinolone Injection in the Treatment of Vitiligo [NCT03365141] | 12 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-11-14 | Recruiting | |||
A Short Term Outcomes of Subacromial Injection of Combined Corticosteroid With Low Volume Compared to High Volume of Local Anesthetic for Rotator Cuff Impingement Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trials [NCT03120923] | Phase 4 | 52 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-01-01 | Completed | ||
A Multi-Center, Randomized, Two-Arm, Parallel-Group, Single-masked, 24-week, Clinical Trial to Evaluate Safety and Tolerability of Two Dose Levels of Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone Acetonide Administered With the Oxulumis® Ophthalmic Administration Device i [NCT05512962] | Phase 2 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2022-08-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
Triamcinolone Levels in Cochlear Perilymph [NCT03248856] | Phase 1 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-10-02 | Completed | ||
A Double-Blind, Randomized Study to Compare Onabotulinumtoxin A Versus Kenalog for Intravaginal Trigger Point Injections in the Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain [NCT02369068] | 21 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-08-31 | Completed | |||
PeriOcular and INTravitreal Corticosteroids for Uveitic Macular Edema Trial [NCT02374060] | Phase 3 | 192 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-06-16 | Completed | ||
Comparison of the Efficacy of Intra-articular Hybrid Hyaluronic Acid and Steroid in Patients With Rizoarthrosis [NCT03200886] | 100 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2017-05-24 | Active, not recruiting | |||
Efficacy of Intralesional Injection of Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma Versus Intralesional Injection of Corticosteroids on Pain Relief and Ulcers Healing in Patients With Erosive Oral Lichen Planus; Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT03293368] | Phase 2 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-01-01 | Completed | ||
A Phase 4 Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial of 3 Doses of Intralesional Triamcinolone (KENALOG®) In the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Patch Type Alopecia Areata [NCT01898806] | Phase 4 | 11 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-09-30 | Terminated(stopped due to The PI left the Columbia University Medical Center. Study was not Completed.) | ||
A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of Standardized C7-T1 Epidural Steroid Injections Versus Targeted Injection Via Cervical Epidural Catheter for the Treatment of Cervical Radicular Pain [NCT02095197] | Phase 4 | 79 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-03-31 | Completed | ||
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] |
(NCT00105027)
Timeframe: 12 months
Intervention | um (Median) |
---|---|
CRVO Observation | -277 |
CRVO 1 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide | -196 |
CRVO 4 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide | -261 |
BRVO Standard Care | -224 |
BRVO 1 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide | -149 |
BRVO 4 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide | -170 |
Visual acuity testing was done using electronic Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (E-ETDRS) visual acuity testing at 3 meters using the Electronic Visual Acuity Tester by a SCORE certified technician. A masked visual acuity examiner with no knowledge of treatment assignments performed visual acuity testing at the 4-month, 12-month, 24-month and 36-month visits. An E-ETDRS visual acuity score of 85 is approximately 20/20, and a score of 20 letters is approximately 20/400. A visual acuity letter score change of 15 is about three lines on a vision chart. (NCT00105027)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 12 months
Intervention | Participants (Number) |
---|---|
CRVO Observation | 5 |
CRVO 1 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide | 22 |
CRVO 4 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide | 21 |
BRVO Standard Care | 35 |
BRVO 1 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide | 31 |
BRVO 4 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide | 34 |
(NCT00105027)
Timeframe: 12 months
Intervention | events (Number) | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initiation of IOP-lowering medications | IOP > 35 mm HG | IOP > 10 mm HG above baseline | Laser peripheral iridotomy | Trabeculectomy | Tube shunt | Cataract: lens opacity onset or progression | Cataract surgery | Infectious endophthalmitis | Noninfectious endophthalmitis | Retinal detachment | Iris neovascularization | Retinal neovascularization | Vitreous hemorrhage | YAG capsulotomy | Sector or panretinal photocagulation | Pars plana vitrectomy | |
BRVO 1 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide | 11 | 2 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
BRVO 4 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide | 57 | 14 | 50 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
BRVO Standard Care | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1 |
CRVO 1 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide | 18 | 5 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 2 |
CRVO 4 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide | 32 | 8 | 24 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
CRVO Observation | 7 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 |
(NCT00105027)
Timeframe: 12 months
Intervention | letters read (Mean) |
---|---|
CRVO Observation | -12.1 |
CRVO 1 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide | -1.2 |
CRVO 4 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide | -1.2 |
BRVO Standard Care | 4.2 |
BRVO 1 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide | 5.7 |
BRVO 4 mg Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide | 4.0 |
Headache severity was assessed on an 11-point verbal scale twenty minutes after treatment (NCT00203294)
Timeframe: 20 minutes
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Lidocaine 2% and Bupivacaine 0.25% Plus Saline | -3.29 |
Lidocaine 2% and Bupivacaine 0.25% Plus Triamcinolone 40 mg. | -3.70 |
Fluorescein angiography (FA) was used to assess total lesion area. All angiographs were sent to the Central Reading Center (CRC) for analysis. (NCT00242580)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 12
Intervention | mm^2 (Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Baseline | 12 Months | Change from Baseline | |
Verteporfin + 1 mg Triamcinolone | 6.9178 | 6.8959 | -0.0219 |
Verteporfin + 4 mg Triamcinolone | 5.6400 | 5.8149 | 0.1749 |
Verteporfin + Pegaptanib | 6.3011 | 8.6245 | 2.3234 |
Participants received study drug at the Baseline visit and subsequent retreatment at 3 month intervals if leakage was detected on the fluorescein angiogram. The cumulative distribution of the number of treatments is shown per arm. (NCT00242580)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 12
Intervention | Participants (Number) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Participants who received 1 treatment | Participants who received 2 treatments | Participants who received 3 treatments | Participants who received 4 treatments | |
Verteporfin + 1 mg Triamcinolone | 11 | 10 | 9 | 2 |
Verteporfin + 4 mg Triamcinolone | 12 | 15 | 12 | 2 |
Verteporfin + Pegaptanib | 10 | 19 | 5 | 4 |
BCVA score was based on the number of letters read correctly on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity chart assessed at a starting distance of 4 meters. An ETDRS visual acuity score of 85 is approximately 20/20. An increased score indicates improvement in acuity. This outcome assessed the percentage of participants who gained 5 or more letters of visual acuity at 12 months compared with baseline. (NCT00242580)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 12
Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
---|---|
Verteporfin + 1 mg Triamcinolone | 31.3 |
Verteporfin + 4 mg Triamcinolone | 12.2 |
Verteporfin + Pegaptanib | 28.9 |
BCVA score was based on the number of letters read correctly on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity chart assessed at a starting distance of 4 meters. An ETDRS visual acuity score of 85 is approximately 20/20. A decrease in score indicates worsening of vision. This outcome assessed the percentage of participants who lost less than 15 letters of visual acuity at 12 months as compared with baseline. (NCT00242580)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 12
Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
---|---|
Verteporfin + 1 mg Triamcinolone | 59.4 |
Verteporfin + 4 mg Triamcinolone | 63.4 |
Verteporfin + Pegaptanib | 71.1 |
BCVA score was based on the number of letters read correctly on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity chart assessed at a starting distance of 4 meters. An ETDRS visual acuity score of 85 is approximately 20/20. An increased score indicates improvement in acuity. This outcome assessed the percentage of participants who gained 10 or more letters of visual acuity at 12 months as compared with baseline. (NCT00242580)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 12
Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
---|---|
Verteporfin + 1 mg Triamcinolone | 18.8 |
Verteporfin + 4 mg Triamcinolone | 2.4 |
Verteporfin + Pegaptanib | 23.7 |
BCVA score was based on the number of letters read correctly on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity chart assessed at a starting distance of 4 meters. An ETDRS visual acuity score of 85 is approximately 20/20. An increased score indicates improvement in acuity. This outcome assessed the percentage of participants who gained 15 or more letters of visual acuity at 12 months as compared with baseline. (NCT00242580)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 12
Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
---|---|
Verteporfin + 1 mg Triamcinolone | 6.3 |
Verteporfin + 4 mg Triamcinolone | 0 |
Verteporfin + Pegaptanib | 13.2 |
As measured by the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire. The questionnaire had 5 symptoms with a Frequency Rating from 1=Never to 5=Constantly, and Severity rating from 1=None at all to 5=Maximum severity. The change in frequency and severity ratings were categorized as same, better, or worse. (NCT00279916)
Timeframe: baseline, 6 weeks
Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency - Missing | Frequency - Better | Frequency - Same | Frequency - Worse | Severity - Missing | Severity - Better | Severity - Same | Severity - Worse | |
Placebo | 1 | 8 | 18 | 13 | 2 | 6 | 19 | 13 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 0 | 11 | 14 | 13 | 0 | 9 | 17 | 12 |
Initial Tympanogram Type at baseline was compared to Follow-Up Tympanogram Type at 6 weeks. Type A is considered to be normal. Type A; peaked pressure measurement under -100 kilo Pascals (kPa). Type B; non-peaked, or flat tympanogram, Type C; peaked pressure measurements more negative than -100 kPa. A Pascal is a unit used to quantify internal pressure. (NCT00279916)
Timeframe: baseline, 6 weeks
Intervention | ears (Number) | |
---|---|---|
Initial Tympanogram of Type B or C | 6 weeks Complete Normalization (Type A) | |
Placebo | 57 | 20 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 55 | 12 |
As measured by the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire. The questionnaire had 5 symptoms with a Frequency Rating from 1=Never to 5=Constantly, and Severity rating from 1=None at all to 5=Maximum severity. The change in frequency and severity ratings were categorized as same, better, or worse. (NCT00279916)
Timeframe: baseline, 6 weeks
Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency - Missing | Frequency - Better | Frequency - Same | Frequency - Worse | Severity - Missing | Severity - Better | Severity - Same | Severity - Worse | |
Placebo | 1 | 14 | 21 | 4 | 1 | 14 | 16 | 9 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 0 | 10 | 13 | 15 | 0 | 15 | 8 | 15 |
As measured by the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire. The questionnaire had 5 symptoms with a Frequency Rating from 1=Never to 5=Constantly, and Severity rating from 1=None at all to 5=Maximum severity. The change in frequency and severity ratings were categorized as same, better, or worse. (NCT00279916)
Timeframe: baseline, 6 weeks
Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency - Better | Frequency - Same | Frequency - Worse | Severity - Better | Severity - Same | Severity - Worse | |
Placebo | 18 | 17 | 5 | 18 | 13 | 9 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 11 | 17 | 10 | 13 | 14 | 11 |
As measured by the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire. The questionnaire had 5 symptoms with a Frequency Rating from 1=Never to 5=Constantly, and Severity rating from 1=None at all to 5=Maximum severity. The change in frequency and severity ratings were categorized as same, better, or worse. (NCT00279916)
Timeframe: baseline, 6 weeks
Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency - Missing | Frequency - Better | Frequency - Same | Frequency - Worse | Severity - Missing | Severity - Better | Severity - Same | Severity - Worse | |
Placebo | 1 | 16 | 15 | 8 | 1 | 14 | 15 | 10 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 0 | 16 | 14 | 8 | 0 | 15 | 13 | 10 |
Number of subjects with resolution of eustachian tube dysfunction symptoms, as determined by the change in tympanogram type in both ears from an initial Type B or C result to Type A result at 6 weeks. Type A; peaked pressure measurement under -100 kilo Pascals (kPa). Type B; non-peaked, or flat tympanogram, Type C; peaked pressure measurements more negative than -100 kPa. A Pascal is a unit used to quantify internal pressure. (NCT00279916)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
Intervention | participants (Number) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 7 |
Placebo | 12 |
For this outcome measure, the subjects treated with antibiotics or oral decongestants while enrolled in the study were handled as having treatment failures. For this outcome measure, subjects with complete normalization of abnormal tympanometry at 6 weeks had a Type A tympanogram and did not take antibiotics, oral decongestants, nasal spray or a combination. (NCT00279916)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
Intervention | participants (Number) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 5 |
Placebo | 9 |
As measured by the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire. The questionnaire had 5 symptoms with a Frequency Rating from 1=Never to 5=Constantly, and Severity rating from 1=None at all to 5=Maximum severity. The change in frequency and severity ratings were categorized as same, better, or worse. (NCT00279916)
Timeframe: baseline, 6 weeks
Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency - Better | Frequency - Same | Frequency - Worse | Severity - Better | Severity - Same | Severity - Worse | |
Placebo | 8 | 23 | 9 | 6 | 25 | 9 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 11 | 17 | 10 | 9 | 19 | 10 |
Median central subfield thickness at two-years. Optical coherence Tomography (OCT) images were obtained by a certified operator using the Zeiss Stratus OCT machine. If the automated thickness measurements were judged by the reading center to be inaccurate, center point thickness was measured manually, and this value was used to impute a value for the central subfield. (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: 2 Years
Intervention | Microns (Median) |
---|---|
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation | 243 |
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | 305 |
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | 279 |
Overall central subfield change from baseline. Optical coherence Tomography (OCT) images were obtained by a certified operator using the Zeiss Stratus OCT machine. If the automated thickness measurements were judged by the reading center to be inaccurate, center point thickness was measured manually, and this value was used to impute a value for the central subfield. (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: 3 years
Intervention | Microns (Median) |
---|---|
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation | 211 |
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | 269 |
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | 248 |
Overall central subfield change from baseline. Optical coherence Tomography (OCT) images were obtained by a certified operator using the Zeiss Stratus OCT machine. The average of 2 baseline central subfield thickness measurements was used for analysis.If the automated thickness measurements were judged by the reading center to be inaccurate, center point thickness was measured manually, and this value was used to impute a value for the central subfield. Negative change denotes an improvement. (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: baseline to 3 years
Intervention | Microns (Mean) | Microns (Median) |
---|---|---|
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation | -175 | |
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | -124 | |
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | -126 | |
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation | -158 | |
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | -103 | |
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | -114 |
Change in best correct visual acuity letter score as measured by a certified tester using an electronic visual acuity testing machine based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) method. A positive change denotes an improvement. Best value on the scale 97, worst 0. (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 Years
Intervention | Letter score (Mean) |
---|---|
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation | 1 |
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | -2 |
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | -3 |
Change in best correct visual acuity letter score as measured by a certified tester using an electronic visual acuity testing machine based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) method. A positive change denotes an improvement. (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: Baseline to 3 year
Intervention | Letter Score (Mean) |
---|---|
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation | 5 |
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | 0 |
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | 0 |
Change in best correct visual acuity letter score as measured by a certified tester using an electronic visual acuity testing machine based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) method. A positive change denotes an improvement. Best Value on the scale=97, Worst Value=0 (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: Baseline to 3 year
Intervention | Letter Score (Median) |
---|---|
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation | 8 |
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | 2 |
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | 4 |
Overall central subfield change from baseline. Optical coherence Tomography (OCT) images were obtained by a certified operator using the Zeiss Stratus OCT machine. The average of 2 baseline central subfield thickness measurements was used for analysis.If the automated thickness measurements were judged by the reading center to be inaccurate, center point thickness was measured manually, and this value was used to impute a value for the central subfield. Negative change denotes and improvement. (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 years
Intervention | Microns (Mean) |
---|---|
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation | -139 |
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | -86 |
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | -77 |
Overall central subfield change from baseline. Optical coherence Tomography (OCT) images were obtained by a certified operator using the Zeiss Stratus OCT machine. The average of 2 baseline central subfield thickness measurements was used for analysis.If the automated thickness measurements were judged by the reading center to be inaccurate, center point thickness was measured manually, and this value was used to impute a value for the central subfield. Negative change denotes an improvement. (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 Years
Intervention | Microns (Median) |
---|---|
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation | -131 |
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | -74 |
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | -76 |
Change in best correct visual acuity letter score as measured by a certified tester using an electronic visual acuity testing machine based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) method. A positive change denotes an improvement. (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 Years
Intervention | Letter score (Median) |
---|---|
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation | 4 |
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | 1 |
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | 2 |
Overall central subfield change from baseline. Optical coherence Tomography (OCT) images were obtained by a certified operator using the Zeiss Stratus OCT machine. If the automated thickness measurements were judged by the reading center to be inaccurate, center point thickness was measured manually, and this value was used to impute a value for the central subfield. (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 Years
Intervention | Percentage of Eyes (Number) |
---|---|
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation | 67 |
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | 46 |
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | 48 |
Overall central subfield change from baseline. Optical coherence Tomography (OCT) images were obtained by a certified operator using the Zeiss Stratus OCT machine. The average of 2 baseline central subfield thickness measurements was used for analysis.If the automated thickness measurements were judged by the reading center to be inaccurate, center point thickness was measured manually, and this value was used to impute a value for the central subfield. Negative change denotes an improvement. (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: Baseline to 3 years
Intervention | Percentage of Eyes (Number) |
---|---|
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation | 68 |
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | 43 |
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | 51 |
Change in best correct visual acuity letter score as measured by a certified tester using an electronic visual acuity testing machine based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) method. (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: baseline to 2 years
Intervention | Percentage of Eyes (Number) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
>= 15 letter improvement | 14 to 10 letter improvement | 9 to 5 letter improvement | same +- 4 letters | 5-9 letters worse | 10-14 letters worse | >=15 letters worse | |
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | 14 | 11 | 14 | 27 | 9 | 6 | 20 |
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | 17 | 11 | 15 | 23 | 6 | 8 | 20 |
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation | 18 | 13 | 16 | 24 | 10 | 5 | 14 |
Change in best correct visual acuity letter score as measured by a certified tester using an electronic visual acuity testing machine based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) method. A positive change denotes an improvement. Best value on the scale=97, worst=0 (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: Baseline to 3 years
Intervention | Percentage of Eyes (Number) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
>= 15 letters better | 10-14 letters better | 5-9 letters better | no change, + - 4 letters | 5-9 letters worse | 10-14 letters worse | >=15 letters worse | |
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | 20 | 4 | 17 | 23 | 10 | 9 | 17 |
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | 21 | 16 | 9 | 24 | 6 | 6 | 16 |
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation | 26 | 18 | 18 | 21 | 4 | 4 | 8 |
Overall central subfield change from baseline. Optical coherence Tomography (OCT) images were obtained by a certified operator using the Zeiss Stratus OCT machine. If the automated thickness measurements were judged by the reading center to be inaccurate, center point thickness was measured manually, and this value was used to impute a value for the central subfield. (NCT00367133)
Timeframe: 2 Years
Intervention | Percentage of Eyes (Number) |
---|---|
Focal/Grid Laser Photocoagulation | 53 |
1mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | 34 |
4 mg Intravitreal Triamcinolone | 38 |
Electronic Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (E-ETDRS) mean visual acuity letter score: best value = 97; letter score worst value = 0 (NCT00369486)
Timeframe: 4, 8, 17, and 34 weeks
Intervention | letter score (Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
4 Weeks | 8 Weeks | 17 Weeks | 34 Weeks | |
Anterior Peribulbar Injection of 20 mg Triamcinolone | 80 | 80 | 79 | 80 |
Anterior Peribulbar Injection of 20 mg Triamcinolone + Laser | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 |
Focal Laser Photocoagulation | 79 | 79 | 78 | 78 |
Posterior Peribulbar Injection of 40 mg Triamcinolone | 79 | 79 | 78 | 76 |
Posterior Peribulbar Injection of 40 mg Triamcinolone + Laser | 77 | 80 | 79 | 77 |
Number of eyes that were retreated at 17 weeks. According to the protocol, primary criterion for retreatment was central subfield thickness >=250 microns or macular edema was still present according to the investigator's judgment. (NCT00369486)
Timeframe: 17 weeks
Intervention | eyes (Number) | |
---|---|---|
Eyes that were retreated | Eyes with ≥ 250 central subfield thickness | |
Anterior Peribulbar Injection of 20 mg Triamcinolone | 14 | 16 |
Anterior Peribulbar Injection of 20 mg Triamcinolone + Laser | 9 | 13 |
Focal Laser Photocoagulation | 22 | 26 |
Posterior Peribulbar Injection of 40 mg Triamcinolone | 15 | 14 |
Posterior Peribulbar Injection of 40 mg Triamcinolone + Laser | 9 | 11 |
Number of eyes that had a reduction in central subfield retinal thickness by ≥ 50% at each follow-up. Change in Central Subfield Thickening from Baseline measured on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). OCT images were obtained at each visit following pupil dilation by a certified operator using the OCT3 machine (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA). Scans were 6 mm length and included the 6 radial line pattern for quantitative measures and the cross hair pattern (6-12 to 9-3 o'clock) for qualitative assessment of retinal morphology. (NCT00369486)
Timeframe: 4, 8, 17, 34 weeks
Intervention | eyes (Number) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
4 Weeks | 8 Weeks | 17 Weeks | 34 Weeks | |
Anterior Peribulbar Injection of 20 mg Triamcinolone | 2 | 6 | 8 | 5 |
Anterior Peribulbar Injection of 20 mg Triamcinolone + Laser | 8 | 10 | 13 | 13 |
Focal Laser Photocoagulation | 5 | 8 | 11 | 22 |
Posterior Peribulbar Injection of 40 mg Triamcinolone | 8 | 7 | 6 | 9 |
Posterior Peribulbar Injection of 40 mg Triamcinolone + Laser | 4 | 4 | 7 | 9 |
Change in visual acuity letter score as measured by a certified tester using an electronic visual acuity testing machine based on the electronic Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study(E-ETDRS) technique. Letter score best value = 97 and worst value = 0; an increase in a letter score by 10 is considered clinically significant. Negative changes represent a worsening in visual acuity. (NCT00369486)
Timeframe: 4, 8, 17, and 34 weeks
Intervention | letter score (Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
4 Weeks | 8 Weeks | 17 Weeks | 34 Weeks | |
Anterior Peribulbar Injection of 20 mg Triamcinolone | -1 | -1 | -2 | -1 |
Anterior Peribulbar Injection of 20 mg Triamcinolone + Laser | -1 | 0 | -1 | -1 |
Focal Laser Photocoagulation | -1 | -1 | -2 | -2 |
Posterior Peribulbar Injection of 40 mg Triamcinolone | 1 | 0 | -1 | -4 |
Posterior Peribulbar Injection of 40 mg Triamcinolone + Laser | -2 | 0 | -1 | -3 |
Change in Central Subfield Thickening from Baseline measured on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). OCT images were obtained at each visit following pupil dilation by a certified operator using the OCT3 machine (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA). Scans were 6 mm length and included the 6 radial line pattern for quantitative measures and the cross hair pattern (6-12 to 9-3 o'clock) for qualitative assessment of retinal morphology. Negative changes represent a decrease in retinal thickening. (NCT00369486)
Timeframe: 4, 8, 17, 34 weeks
Intervention | microns (Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
4 Weeks | 8 Weeks | 17 Weeks | 34 Weeks | |
Anterior Peribulbar Injection of 20 mg Triamcinolone | -27 | -38 | -50 | -45 |
Anterior Peribulbar Injection of 20 mg Triamcinolone + Laser | -37 | -44 | -49 | -68 |
Focal Laser Photocoagulation | -10 | -27 | -30 | -54 |
Posterior Peribulbar Injection of 40 mg Triamcinolone | -47 | -29 | -24 | -31 |
Posterior Peribulbar Injection of 40 mg Triamcinolone + Laser | -16 | -25 | -52 | -45 |
Primary criterion for retreatment is central subfield thickness >=250 microns. Central subfield thickness of <250 microns indicates no need for retreatment. Change in Central Subfield Thickening from Baseline measured on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). OCT images were obtained at each visit following pupil dilation by a certified operator using the OCT3 machine (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA). Scans were 6 mm length and included the 6 radial line pattern for quantitative measures and the cross hair pattern (6-12 to 9-3 o'clock) for qualitative assessment of retinal morphology. (NCT00369486)
Timeframe: 4, 8, 17, 34 weeks
Intervention | eyes (Number) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
4 Weeks | 8 Weeks | 17 Weeks | 34 Weeks | |
Anterior Peribulbar Injection of 20 mg Triamcinolone | 3 | 3 | 6 | 2 |
Anterior Peribulbar Injection of 20 mg Triamcinolone + Laser | 8 | 9 | 11 | 13 |
Focal Laser Photocoagulation | 5 | 9 | 11 | 19 |
Posterior Peribulbar Injection of 40 mg Triamcinolone | 5 | 4 | 7 | 8 |
Posterior Peribulbar Injection of 40 mg Triamcinolone + Laser | 2 | 6 | 10 | 10 |
Pain intensity measured on a Visual Analog Scale with scores ranging from 0 to 100, with 100 = severe pain. (NCT00398866)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks
Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) | |
---|---|---|
Pain VAS at Baseline | Pain VAS at 26 weeks | |
Bupivicaine | 57.1 | 42.9 |
Hylan G-F 20 | 60.7 | 49.8 |
Triamcinolone | 63.2 | 50.1 |
Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire measures degree of disability on a scale of 0 to 100, with a higher score indicating greater disability. (NCT00398866)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |
---|---|---|
DASH at Baseline | Dash at 26 Weeks | |
Bupivicaine | 25.7 | 24.2 |
Hylan G-F 20 | 28.8 | 26.1 |
Triamcinolone | 28.9 | 27.0 |
Change in best correct visual acuity letter score as measured by a certified tester using an electronic visual acuity testing machine based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) method. (NCT00444600)
Timeframe: from baseline to 1 Year
Intervention | Eyes (Number) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≥15 letter improvement | 14-10 letter improvement | 9-5 letter improvement | Same ±4 letters | 5-9 letters worse | 10-14 letters worse | ≥15 letters worse | |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Deferred Laser | 52 | 36 | 54 | 35 | 5 | 2 | 4 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Prompt Laser | 57 | 38 | 34 | 38 | 14 | 3 | 3 |
4 mg Triamcinolone+Prompt Laser | 39 | 22 | 32 | 54 | 12 | 12 | 15 |
Sham+Prompt Laser | 43 | 38 | 67 | 86 | 20 | 16 | 23 |
Change in best correct visual acuity letter score from baseline to one year as measured by a certified tester using an electronic visual acuity testing machine based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) method. A positive change denotes an improvement. Best value on the scale 97, worst 0. (NCT00444600)
Timeframe: from baseline to 1 Year
Intervention | Letters (Mean) | |
---|---|---|
<400 microns | ≥400 microns | |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Deferred Laser | 7 | 11 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Prompt Laser | 7 | 11 |
4 mg Triamcinolone+Prompt Laser | 3 | 6 |
Sham+Prompt Laser | 3 | 3 |
Change in best correct visual acuity letter score from baseline to one year as measured by a certified tester using an electronic visual acuity testing machine based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) method. A positive change denotes an improvement. Best value on the scale 97, worst 0. (NCT00444600)
Timeframe: from baseline to 1 Year
Intervention | Letters (Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Typical/predominantly focal | Neither predominantly focal nor diffuse | Typical/predominantly diffuse | |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Deferred Laser | 8 | 8 | 10 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Prompt Laser | 8 | 10 | 9 |
4 mg Triamcinolone+Prompt Laser | 3 | 3 | 5 |
Sham+Prompt Laser | 3 | 2 | 3 |
Change in best correct visual acuity letter score from baseline to one year as measured by a certified tester using an electronic visual acuity testing machine based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) method. A positive change denotes an improvement. Best value on the scale 97, worst 0. (NCT00444600)
Timeframe: from baseline to 1 Year
Intervention | Letters (Mean) | |
---|---|---|
Moderately severe non-proliferative DR or better | Severe non-proliferative DR or worse | |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Deferred Laser | 9 | 9 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Prompt Laser | 10 | 8 |
4 mg Triamcinolone+Prompt Laser | 3 | 5 |
Sham+Prompt Laser | 3 | 2 |
Change in best correct visual acuity letter score as measured by a certified tester using an electronic visual acuity testing machine based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) method. A positive change denotes an improvement. Best value on the scale 97, worst 0. (NCT00444600)
Timeframe: from baseline to 1 Year
Intervention | Letters (Mean) | |
---|---|---|
≥66 (better than 20/50) | ≤65 (20/50 or worse) | |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Deferred Laser | 5 | 13 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Prompt Laser | 6 | 12 |
4 mg Triamcinolone+Prompt Laser | 1 | 7 |
Sham+Prompt Laser | 1 | 5 |
(NCT00444600)
Timeframe: from baseline to 1 Year
Intervention | Letters (Mean) | |
---|---|---|
Not pseudophakic at baseline | Pseudophakic at baseline | |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Deferred Laser | 10 | 7 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Prompt Laser | 9 | 8 |
4 mg Triamcinolone+Prompt Laser | 2 | 8 |
Sham+Prompt Laser | 2 | 4 |
Maximum possible number of injections for each of the following groups: sham+prompt laser=13 sham injections;ranibizumab+prompt laser=13 ranibizumab injections; ranibizumab+deferred laser=13 ranibizumab injections; triamcinolone+prompt laser=4 triamcinolone injections and 9 sham injections. (NCT00444600)
Timeframe: from baseline to 1 year
Intervention | Injections (Median) |
---|---|
Sham+Prompt Laser | 11 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Prompt Laser | 8 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Deferred Laser | 9 |
4 mg Triamcinolone+Prompt Laser | 3 |
(NCT00444600)
Timeframe: from baseline to 1 Year
Intervention | Letters (Mean) | |
---|---|---|
No | Yes | |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Deferred Laser | 11 | 8 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Prompt Laser | 9 | 9 |
4 mg Triamcinolone+Prompt Laser | 3 | 5 |
Sham+Prompt Laser | 2 | 3 |
Criteria are based on the ETDRS fundus photographic risk factors for the progression of diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS report no. 12. Ophthalmology 1991; 98:823-833, ETDRS Severity Scale = Diabetic retinopathy absent, minimal non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), mild to moderately severe non-PDR, severe non-PDR, scars of full pr partial panretinal photocoagulation present PDR absent, mild to moderate PDR, high risk PDR, cannot grade, missing. (NCT00444600)
Timeframe: from baseline to 1 Year
Intervention | Eyes (Number) | |
---|---|---|
Improved by 2 or more levels | Worsened by 2 or more levels | |
Ranibizumab | 18 | 1 |
Sham | 10 | 7 |
Triamcinolone | 6 | 2 |
113 eyes had missing or ungradable photos at 1 year. Criteria are based on the ETDRS fundus photographic risk factors for the progression of diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS report no. 12. Ophthalmology 1991; 98:823-833 (NCT00444600)
Timeframe: from baseline to 1 Year
Intervention | Eyes (Number) | |
---|---|---|
Improved by 2 or more levels | Worsened by 2 or more levels | |
Ranibizumab | 46 | 5 |
Sham | 6 | 11 |
Triamcinolone | 20 | 2 |
Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration is a collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy - I: Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration. MBJ 1994; 308:81-106. Nonfatal cerebrovascular accident includes ischemic or hemorrhagic or unknown events. Vascular death includes death from any potential vascular or unknown cause. (NCT00444600)
Timeframe: 1 Year
Intervention | Participants (Number) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Nonfatal myocardial infarction | Nonfatal cerebrovascular accident | Vascular death | Any ATC cardiovascular event | |
Ranibizumab | 1 | 3 | 7 | 11 |
Sham | 3 | 5 | 4 | 10 |
Triamcinolone | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
(NCT00444600)
Timeframe: 1 Year
Intervention | Eyes (Number) |
---|---|
Sham+Prompt Laser | 26 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Prompt Laser | 16 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Deferred Laser | 8 |
4 mg Triamcinolone+Prompt Laser | 21 |
Change in best correct visual acuity letter score from baseline to one year as measured by a certified tester using an electronic visual acuity testing machine based on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) method. A positive change denotes an improvement. Best value on the scale 97, worst 0. (NCT00444600)
Timeframe: from baseline to 1 Year
Intervention | Letters (Mean) |
---|---|
Sham+Prompt Laser | 3 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Prompt Laser | 9 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Deferred Laser | 9 |
4 mg Triamcinolone+Prompt Laser | 4 |
(NCT00444600)
Timeframe: from baseline to 1 Year
Intervention | mm^3 (Mean) |
---|---|
Sham+Prompt Laser | -1.0 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Prompt Laser | -1.4 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Deferred Laser | -1.5 |
4 mg Triamcinolone+Prompt Laser | -1.4 |
Negative change denotes an improvement. (NCT00444600)
Timeframe: from baseline to 1 year
Intervention | microns (Mean) |
---|---|
Sham+Prompt Laser | -102 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Prompt Laser | -131 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Deferred Laser | -137 |
4 mg Triamcinolone+Prompt Laser | -127 |
(NCT00444600)
Timeframe: 1 Year
Intervention | Eyes (Number) |
---|---|
Sham+Prompt Laser | 72 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Prompt Laser | 91 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Deferred Laser | 74 |
4 mg Triamcinolone+Prompt Laser | 82 |
(NCT00444600)
Timeframe: 1 Year
Intervention | mm^3 (Mean) |
---|---|
Sham+Prompt Laser | 8.1 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Prompt Laser | 7.3 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Deferred Laser | 7.4 |
4 mg Triamcinolone+Prompt Laser | 7.5 |
One eye in the sham+prompt laser group did not receive laser until post 1-year due to an adverse event unrelated to study treatment. One eye in the triamcinolone+prompt laser did not receive laser until after 1-year due to missing 2 consecutive visits at the time of required laser treatment. (NCT00444600)
Timeframe: 1 Year
Intervention | Eyes (Number) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Deferred Laser | 124 | 36 | 17 | 1 | 0 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Prompt Laser | 0 | 53 | 54 | 46 | 18 |
4 mg Triamcinolone+Prompt Laser | 1 | 46 | 53 | 49 | 27 |
Sham+Prompt Laser | 1 | 35 | 75 | 107 | 56 |
(NCT00444600)
Timeframe: 1 Year
Intervention | Eyes (Number) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Endophthalmitis | Pseudoendophthalmitis | Ocular vascular event | Retinal detachment | Vitrectomy | Vitreous hemorrhage | Increase in intraocular pressure >=10 mmHg | Intraocular pressure >=30 mmHg | Initiation of intraocular lowering medication | Glaucoma surgery | Cataract surgery | |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Deferred Laser | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 8 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Prompt Laser | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 10 | 2 | 12 | 0 | 6 |
4 mg Triamcinolone+Prompt Laser | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 70 | 46 | 79 | 0 | 19 |
Sham+Prompt Laser | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 15 | 16 | 3 | 23 | 0 | 11 |
Each combination of treatment only counted once. (NCT00444600)
Timeframe: 1 Year
Intervention | Eyes (Number) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intravitreal bevacizumab | Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide | Vitrectomy | Intravitreal bevacizumab+triamcinolone acetonide | Total number of eyes with alternative treatments | Total number of treatments applied | Total per protocol treatments applied | Total deviations from protocol treatments applied | |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Deferred Laser | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Prompt Laser | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
4 mg Triamcinolone+Prompt Laser | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Sham+Prompt Laser | 3 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 14 | 25 | 5 | 9 |
Logarithmic transformation of optical coherence tomography central subfield thickness is calculated by taking the log base 10 of the ratio of the central subfield thickness divided by 200 and rounding to the nearest hundredth. The change is the change in the log values. (NCT00444600)
Timeframe: 1 Year
Intervention | Eyes (Number) | |
---|---|---|
≥2 step improvement | ≥2 step worsening | |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Deferred Laser | 71 | 0 |
0.5 mg Ranibizumab+Prompt Laser | 72 | 1 |
4 mg Triamcinolone+Prompt Laser | 65 | 4 |
Sham+Prompt Laser | 81 | 6 |
Missing/ungradable as follows: Sham = 49, Ranibizumab = 37, Triamcinolone = 39. Visits occured between 70 days and 153 days from randomization adjusted for baseline optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal volume, OCT retinal thickness and visual acuity, number of planned panretinal photocoagulation sittings, and correlation between 2 study eyes. Confidence intervals are adjusted for multiple comparisons. (NCT00445003)
Timeframe: Baseline to 14-weeks
Intervention | mm^3 (Mean) |
---|---|
Sham Injection | 9.7 |
0.5mg Ranibizumab | 9.3 |
4-mg Triamcinolone Acetonided | 7.9 |
(NCT00445003)
Timeframe: 14 weeks to 56-weeks
Intervention | Eyes (Number) |
---|---|
Sham Injection | 28 |
0.5mg Ranibizumab | 23 |
4-mg Triamcinolone Acetonided | 17 |
Treatments include any type or combination of treatment for diabetic macular edema. Eyes were only counted once, when receiving a combination of treatments. (NCT00445003)
Timeframe: 14 weeks to 56-weeks
Intervention | Eyes (Number) |
---|---|
Sham Injection | 71 |
0.5mg Ranibizumab | 48 |
4-mg Triamcinolone Acetonided | 45 |
Each combination of treatment is only counted once per treatment eye. Participants could have 2 study eyes, with random assignments to different treatments. (NCT00445003)
Timeframe: 14 weeks to 56-weeks
Intervention | Eyes (Number) | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bevacizumab | Ranibizumab | Triamcinolone | Pegaptanib | Laser | Vitrectomy | Bevacizumab plus Triamcinolone | Ranibizumab plus Triamcinolone | Bevacizumab plus laser | Ranibizumab plus laser | Triamcinolone plus laser | Pegaptanib plus laser | Triamcinolone plus vitrectomy | Pegaptanib plus vitrectomy | Triamcinolone plus laser plus vitrectomy | Bevacizumab plus triamcinolone plus laser | |
0.5mg Ranibizumab | 12 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
4-mg Triamcinolone Acetonided | 9 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 21 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sham Injection | 14 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 31 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Visual Acuity was measured with the Electronic Early Treatment Study (E-ETDRS) visual acuity test. Unit of measure is based on the E-ETDRS letter score scale, 0-97, where 0 = worst and 97 = best. (NCT00445003)
Timeframe: baseline to 14 weeks
Intervention | Letter Score (Mean) |
---|---|
Sham Injection | -4 |
0.5mg Ranibizumab | 1 |
4-mg Triamcinolone Acetonided | 2 |
(NCT00445003)
Timeframe: Baseline to 14 weeks
Intervention | Microns (Median) |
---|---|
Sham Injection | 362 |
0.5mg Ranibizumab | 312 |
4-mg Triamcinolone Acetonided | 265 |
Missing or un-gradable data as follows for the sham plus focal/grid/panretinal photocoagulation laser, triamcinolone plus focal/grid panretinal photocoagulation laser, and Ranibizumab groups were 49, 37, and 39, respectively (NCT00445003)
Timeframe: Baseline to 14 weeks
Intervention | mm^3 (Mean) |
---|---|
Sham Injection | 0.1 |
0.5mg Ranibizumab | -0.4 |
4-mg Triamcinolone Acetonided | -1.3 |
Visual Acuity was measured with the Electronic Early Treatment Study (E-ETDRS) visual acuity test. Unit of measure is based on the E-ETDRS letter score scale, 0-97, where 0 = worst and 97 = best. (NCT00445003)
Timeframe: baseline to 56-weeks
Intervention | Letter Score (Mean) |
---|---|
Sham Injection | -6 |
0.5mg Ranibizumab | -4 |
4-mg Triamcinolone Acetonided | -5 |
(NCT00473083)
Timeframe: Up to one year
Intervention | months (Median) |
---|---|
Arm 1: Prophylactic Treatment | 3.6 |
Arm 2: Reactive Treatment | 1.8 |
Arm 3: No Treatment Unless Severe (Grade 3) | 1.8 |
(NCT00473083)
Timeframe: Up to onset of rash while on study treatment
Intervention | days (Mean) |
---|---|
Arm 1: Prophylactic Treatment | 17.4 |
Arm 2: Reactive Treatment | 13.3 |
Arm 3: No Treatment Unless Severe (Grade 3) | 12.0 |
The maximum severity of rash per subject will be summarized by treatment group. The summary will include only subjects who indicated any occurrence of rash. (NCT00473083)
Timeframe: Onset until resolution, up to 4 weeks following progression, on average of 1 year
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Maximal Rash Grade 1 | Maximal Rash Grade 2a | Maximal Rash Grade 2b | Maximal Rash Grade 3 | |
Arm 1: Prophylactic Treatment | 40.5 | 26.2 | 19.0 | 14.3 |
Arm 2: Reactive Treatment | 47.6 | 33.3 | 9.5 | 9.5 |
Arm 3: No Treatment Unless Severe (Grade 3) | 46.3 | 14.6 | 4.9 | 34.1 |
"To investigate if the rash caused by erlotinib is self-limiting.~A time variable will be defined to identify the duration from onset of rash until resolution. Resolution will be defined as resolution to severity Grade 1 for patients with rash of maximum severity grade >1 and resolution to Grade 0 for patients with maximum rash severity = 1. For patients where resolution is not observed the time considered will be the maximum time from onset of rash until end of the study.~The analyses will be performed using the following two sub-populations: subjects with maximum severity of rash of Grade 1, 2a and 2b will constitute one sub-population and Grade 3 will be considered the second sub-population.~The comparisons will be performed primarily for Group 1 vs. Group 3 and Group 2 vs. Group 3 and secondly for Group 1 vs. Group 2." (NCT00473083)
Timeframe: From onset of rash until resolution, up to 4 weeks following progression, an average of 1 year
Intervention | days (Median) | |
---|---|---|
Patients With Max Severity of Rash Gr 1, 2a and 2b | Patients With Maximum Severity of Rash Grade 3 | |
Arm 1: Prophylactic Treatment | 133.0 | 201.0 |
Arm 2: Reactive Treatment | 92.0 | 76.0 |
Arm 3: No Treatment Unless Severe (Grade 3) | 98.0 | 54.0 |
"The overall incidence of grade 3 erlotinib-induced rash among the three treatment arms.~For overall incidence of rash a binary variable will be designed. Data will be summarized with percentages by treatment group." (NCT00473083)
Timeframe: From onset of rash until resolution, up to 4 weeks following progression, on average of 1 year
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
---|---|
Arm 1: Prophylactic Treatment | 14.3 |
Arm 2: Reactive Treatment | 9.5 |
Arm 3: No Treatment Unless Severe (Grade 3) | 34.1 |
"The overall incidence of any grade of erlotinib-induced rash among the three treatment arms.~For overall incidence of rash a binary variable will be designed. Data will be summarized with percentages by treatment group." (NCT00473083)
Timeframe: From onset of rash until resolution, up to 4 weeks following progression, an average of 1 year
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
---|---|
Arm 1: Prophylactic Treatment | 84 |
Arm 2: Reactive Treatment | 84 |
Arm 3: No Treatment Unless Severe (Grade 3) | 82 |
(NCT00473083)
Timeframe: Until death
Intervention | months (Median) |
---|---|
Arm 1: Prophylactic Treatment | 7.6 |
Arm 2: Reactive Treatment | 8.0 |
Arm 3: No Treatment Unless Severe (Grade 3) | 6.0 |
Mean change in cortisol levels from baseline to week 24 after four triamcinolone acetonide 10 ml injections 6 weeks apart. (NCT00484679)
Timeframe: baseline, week 24
Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
---|---|
(Kenalog-10) Intralesional Injections for Alopecia Areata | 0.187 |
The MPI is a comprehensive instrument comprised of 12 scales divided into three parts for assessing a number of dimensions of the chronic pain experience including pain intensity, emotional distress, cognitive and functional adaptation, and social support. Reference: Kearns RO, Turk DC, Rudy TC. The West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI). Pain 1985; 23:345-356. Subscales were not used; the DOS WHYMPI computer program version 2.1 was used to score the instrument. Scores range from 0 (no pain) to 100 (highest pain). A score of 50 is the mean for patients with chronic pain. (NCT00588354)
Timeframe: 2 weeks
Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
2% Lidociane and Clonidine (200 or 400 ug) | 51.6 |
2% Lidocaine and Triamcinolone (40 mg) | 56.0 |
The MPI is a comprehensive instrument comprised of 12 scales divided into three parts for assessing a number of dimensions of the chronic pain experience including pain intensity, emotional distress, cognitive and functional adaptation, and social support. Reference: Kearns RO, Turk DC, Rudy TC. The West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI). Pain 1985; 23:345-356. Subscales were not used; the DOS WHYMPI computer program version 2.1 was used to score the instrument. Scores range from 0 (no pain) to 100 (highest pain). A score of 50 is the mean for patients with chronic pain. (NCT00588354)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
2% Lidociane and Clonidine (200 or 400 ug) | 56.7 |
2% Lidocaine and Triamcinolone (40 mg) | 56.9 |
This questionnaire measures a patient's permanent functional disability. The questionnaire consists of 10 sections with 6 statements each of increasing point value (from 0 to 5). The score is a percentage of the total, with higher score showing greater disability. Minimum detectable change is 10%, with a 90% CI. Change of less than this may be attributable to error in measurement. (NCT00588354)
Timeframe: 2 weeks
Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
2% Lidocaine and Clonidine (200 or 400 ug) | 27.0 |
2% Lidocaine and Triamcinolone (40 mg) | 21.3 |
11-point ordinal scale measuring patient pain, ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (most severe/disabling pain). (NCT00588354)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
2% Lidociane and Clonidine (200 or 400 ug) | 4.1 |
2% Lidocaine and Triamcinolone (40 mg) | 2.7 |
11-point ordinal scale measuring patient pain, ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (most severe/disabling pain). (NCT00588354)
Timeframe: 2 weeks
Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
2% Lidociane and Clonidine (200 or 400 ug) | 4.1 |
2% Lidocaine and Triamcinolone (40 mg) | 4.0 |
This scale measures functional disability due to back pain. The score of the scale is the total number of items checked, from a minimum of 0 (no disability) to a maximum of 24 (great disability). Roland MO, Morris RW. A study of the natural history of back Pain. Part 1: development of a reliable and sensitive measure of disability in low back pain. Spine 1983; 8:141-144. (NCT00588354)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
2% Lidociane and Clonidine (200 or 400 ug) | 9.4 |
2% Lidocaine and Triamcinolone (40 mg) | 3.5 |
This questionnaire measures a patient's permanent functional disability. The questionnaire consists of 10 sections with 6 statements each of increasing point value (from 0 to 5). The score is a percentage of the total, with higher score showing greater disability. Minimum detectable change is 10%, with a 90% CI. Change of less than this may be attributable to error in measurement. (NCT00588354)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
2% Lidociane and Clonidine (200 or 400 ug) | 23.9 |
2% Lidocaine and Triamcinolone (40 mg) | 17.0 |
This scale measures functional disability due to back pain. The score of the scale is the total number of items checked, from a minimum of 0 (no disability) to a maximum of 24 (great disability). Roland MO, Morris RW. A study of the natural history of back Pain. Part 1: development of a reliable and sensitive measure of disability in low back pain. Spine 1983; 8:141-144. (NCT00588354)
Timeframe: 2 weeks
Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
2% Lidociane and Clonidine (200 or 400 ug) | 9.6 |
2% Lidocaine and Triamcinolone (40 mg) | 5.7 |
Difference in least-squares means (Degrees) from baseline to week 12. The data in the Outcome Measure data table represent the comparison of week 12 to baseline using least squares means from the linear mixed model, but data from all time points are included in the Statistical Analyses to arrive at the reported slopes/group x time interactions. (NCT00597766)
Timeframe: Baseline, weeks 4, 8, 12 (4 times)
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
20mg Triamcinolone | 33.3 |
40mg Triamcinolone | 15.2 |
60mg Triamcinolone | 28.0 |
Differences in least-mean squares (Degrees) from baseline to week 12. The data in the Outcome Measure data table represent the comparison of week 12 to baseline using least squares means from the linear mixed model, but data from all time points are included in the Statistical Analyses to arrive at the reported slopes/group x time interactions. (NCT00597766)
Timeframe: Baseline, weeks 4, 8, 12 (4 times)
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
20mg Triamcinolone | 26.7 |
40mg Triamcinolone | 12.7 |
60mg Triamcinolone | 10.3 |
Change in BPI-12, Worst pain in the last week on 0 (No Pain) to 10 (Worst Pain Possible) scale, from baseline to week 12. The data in the Outcome Measure data table represent the comparison of week 12 to baseline using least squares means from the linear mixed model, but data from all time points are included in the Statistical Analyses to arrive at the reported slopes/group x time interactions. (NCT00597766)
Timeframe: Baseline, weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12 (7 times)
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
20mg Triamcinolone | -1.7 |
40mg Triamcinolone | -2.2 |
60mg Triamcinolone | -4.7 |
"Evaluates and measures recovery in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. Items are scored on a 3-point ordinal scale:~0 = cannot perform~= performs partially~= performs fully Scores for 33 motor function items are summed to arrive at a total score ranging from 0 to 66, where higher scores indicate greater motor function Differences baseline to week 12. The data in the Outcome Measure data table represent the comparison of week 12 to baseline using least squares means from the linear mixed model, but data from all time points are included in the Statistical Analyses to arrive at the reported slopes/group x time interactions." (NCT00597766)
Timeframe: Baseline, weeks 4, 8, 12 (4 times)
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
20mg Triamcinolone | 5.1 |
40mg Triamcinolone | 4.5 |
60mg Triamcinolone | 2.3 |
OS is defined as the time from date of first dose of study drug until the date of death. For those patients who did not die, OS was censored at the recorded last date of patient contact, and those missing a recorded last date of contact will be censored at the last date the patient was known to be alive. (NCT00623766)
Timeframe: From first dose to 24 months
Intervention | Months (Median) |
---|---|
Ipilimumab, 10 mg/kg, IV in Corticosteroid-free Patients | 6.97 |
Ipilimumab, 10 mg/kg, IV in Corticosteroid-dependent Patients | 3.75 |
BORR is defined as the number of patients whose global best overall response (BOR) was complete (CR) or partial response (PR), divided by the total number of participants who received treatment. CR=complete disappearance of all index lesions. PR=decrease, relative to baseline, of 50% or greater in the sum of the products of the 2 largest perpendicular diameters of all index lesions. The global BOR is the best overall response (OR) designation over the study as a whole for an individual in the study based on overall tumor burden. Both central nervous system (CNS) (brain lesions) and non-CNS compartments (lesions outside the brain) are considered for the global BOR. For the analysis of global BOR of CR or PR (by both modified WHO criteria and immune-related response criteria [irRC]), the OR assessment must be confirmed by a second (confirmatory) evaluation meeting the criteria for response and must be performed no less than 4 weeks after the criteria for response are first met. (NCT00623766)
Timeframe: From Day 1, first dose until the last tumor assessment, Week 12
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Global BORR (mWHO criteria) | BORR in brain (mWHO criteria) | BORR in non-CNS compartment (mWHO criteria) | Global BORR (irRC) | BORR in brain (irRC) | BORR in non-CNS compartment (irRC criteria ) | |
Ipilimumab, 10 mg/kg IV, in Corticosteroid-dependent Patients | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 |
Ipilimumab, 10 mg/kg IV, in Corticosteroid-free Patients | 9.8 | 15.7 | 13.7 | 9.8 | 15.7 | 13.7 |
Disease control rate is defined as the number of patients with a best overall response of immune-related (ir) complete response (irCR), partial response (irPR), or stable disease (irSD) divided by the total number of patients who received treatment. By irRC definition: irCR=complete disappearance of all index lesions. irPR=decrease, relative to baseline, of 50% or greater in the sum of the products of the 2 largest perpendicular diameters of all index lesions. irSD=does not meet criteria for irCR or irPR, in the absence of ir progressive disease (irPD). irPD=at least 25% increase in the sum of the products of all index lesions (taking as reference the smallest sum recorded at or following baseline). CNS=central nervous system; non-CNS compartment=extracranial, or outside of the brain. (NCT00623766)
Timeframe: From Day 1, first dose to end of Week 12
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Global disease control rate | Disease control rate in brain lesions | Disease control rate in non-CNS compartment | |
Ipilimumab 10 mg/kg IV, in Corticosteroid-free Patients | 25.5 | 25.5 | 33.3 |
Ipilimumab, 10 mg/kg IV, in Corticosteroid-dependent Patients | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.5 |
Disease control rate is defined as the number of patients with a best overall response of complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD) (global, in brain, or outside of brain) based on mWHO criteria divided by the number of patients who received treatment. By mWHO criteria: CR=complete disappearance of all index lesions. PR=decrease, relative to baseline, of 50% or greater in the sum of the 2 largest perpendicular diameters of all index lesions. SD=does not meet criteria for CR or PR, in the absence of progressive disease (PD). Patients with PR or CR not confirmed after at least 4 weeks are scored as SD unless they have new primary lesions. PD=at least 25% increase in the sum of the diameters of all index lesions (taking as reference the smallest sum recorded at or following baseline) and/or the appearance of any new lesions. CNS=central nervous system. (NCT00623766)
Timeframe: From Day 1, first dose to end of Week 12
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
---|---|---|
Global disease control rate | Disease control rate in brain | |
Ipilimumab, 10 mg/kg IV, in Corticosteroid-dependent Patients | 4.8 | 9.5 |
Ipilimumab, 10 mg/kg IV, in Corticosteroid-free Patients | 17.6 | 23.5 |
DOR is defined in patients whose global best overall response is complete (CR) or partial response (PR) as the time between the date of response of confirmed CR or PR, whichever occurs first, and the date of progressive disease or death, whichever occurs first. For patients who remain alive and have not progressed following response, duration of response will be censored on the date of last evaluable tumor assessment. (NCT00623766)
Timeframe: From Day 1, first dose to last tumor assessment up to 18.2 months
Intervention | Months (Median) | |
---|---|---|
DOR by mWHO criteria | DOR by irRC | |
Ipilimumab, 10 mg/kg IV, in Corticosteroid-dependent Patients | NA | NA |
Ipilimumab, 10 mg/kg IV, in Corticosteroid-free Patients | 10.4 | 10.4 |
OS is defined as the time from the first dose of study drug until the date of death. Overall survival rate is the percentage of participants known to be alive at a timepoint. For those patients who did not die, OS was censored at the recorded last date of patient contact, and those with a missing recorded last date of contact will be censored at the last date the patient was known to be alive. The survival rate at a specified time-point is the probability that a patient is alive at that time following randomization. The rate is calculated for each treatment group using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. A corresponding 2-sided 95% bootstrap confidence interval will be calculated. (NCT00623766)
Timeframe: From first dose to Months 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months
Intervention | Probability of being alive (Number) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
At 6 months | At 12 months | At 18 months | At 24 months | At 36 months | |
Ipilimumab, 10 mg/kg IV, in Corticosteroid-dependent Patients | 0.38 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
Ipilimumab, 10 mg/kg IV, in Corticosteroid-free Patients | 0.55 | 0.31 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 |
AE=any new unfavorable symptom, sign, or disease or worsening of a preexisting condition that may not have a causal relationship with treatment. SAE=a medical event that at any dose results in death, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or drug dependency/abuse; is life-threatening, an important medical event, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect; or requires or prolongs hospitalization. Treatment-related=having certain, probable, possible, or missing relationship to study drug. Grade (Gr) 1=Mild, Gr 2=Moderate, Gr 3=Severe, Gr 4=Life-threatening or disabling, Gr 5=Death. (NCT00623766)
Timeframe: Continuously from Day 1, first dose, to 70 days following last dose of ipilimumab
Intervention | Participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Deaths | Treatment-related AEs (all) | Treatment-related AEs (Grade 3/4) | Treatment-related AEs (Fatal) | Immune-related AEs (All) | Immune-related AEs (Grade 3/4) | Immune-related AEs (Fatal) | Immune-related SAEs (All) | Immune-related SAES (Grade 3/4) | Immune-related SAES (Fatal) | Nervous system disorder (NSD) (All) | NSD (Grade 3/4) | NSD (Fatal) | Treatment-related NSD (All) | Treatment-related NSD (Gr 3/4) | Treatment-related NSD (Fatal) | SAE (All) | SAE (Grade 3/4) | SAE (Fatal) | AEs leading to discontinuation (All) | AEs leading to discontinuation (Grade 3/4) | AEs leading to discontinuation (Fatal) | |
Ipilimumab, 10 mg/kg IV, in Corticosteroid-dependent Patients | 20 | 17 | 4 | 0 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 14 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 7 | 10 | 9 | 4 | 4 |
Ipilimumab, 10 mg/kg IV, in Corticosteroid-free Patients | 37 | 45 | 17 | 0 | 35 | 11 | 0 | 11 | 7 | 0 | 40 | 17 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 36 | 18 | 17 | 15 | 9 | 5 |
Onset of response is defined as the time between the first dose of study therapy and the date when measurement criteria are first met for global best overall response of partial (PR) or complete (CR), whichever occurs first. CR=complete disappearance of all index lesions. PR=decrease, relative to baseline, of 50% or greater in the sum of the 2 largest perpendicular diameters of all index lesions. (NCT00623766)
Timeframe: From Day 1, first dose to a maximum of 4.2 months
Intervention | Months (Median) | |
---|---|---|
Onset of response (mWHO criteria) (n=5, 1) | Onset of response (irRC) (n=5, 1) | |
Ipilimumab, 10 mg/kg IV, in Corticosteroid-dependent Patients | 1.2 | 1.2 |
Ipilimumab, 10 mg/kg IV, in Corticosteroid-free Patients | 1.2 | 1.2 |
PFS is defined as the time between the date of the first dose of study therapy and the date of progression or death, whichever occurs first. A patient who dies without reported prior progression will be considered to have progressed on the date of death. For those who remain alive and have not progressed, PFS will be censored on the date of last evaluable tumor assessment. Participants who have not died and have no recorded postbaseline tumor assessment will be censored on the date of first dose of study therapy. Those who die without any recorded postbaseline tumor assessment will be considered to have progressed on the date of death. (NCT00623766)
Timeframe: From Day 1, first dose to the date of progression or death, whichever occurred first up to 22 months
Intervention | Months (Median) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Global PFS (mWHO criteria) | PFS in brain (mWHO criteria) | PFS in non-CNS compartment (mWHO criteria) | Global PFS (irRC) | PFS in brain (irRC) | PFS in non-CNS compartment (irRC) | |
Ipilimumab, 10 mg/kg IV, in Corticosteroid-dependent Patients | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
Ipilimumab, 10 mg/kg IV, in Corticosteroid-free Patients | 1.4 | 1.5 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 1.9 | 3.3 |
The Pain Disability Index (PDI) measures patients' responses of the extent to which pain limits their abilities to carry out everyday tasks. The index is scored from 0 (no limitation) to 70 (severe limitation). A decrease in score of 10 points or more is regarded as indicating significant improvement in the ability to carry out daily activities. (NCT00658736)
Timeframe: 1 month after block
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Bupivicaine and Triamcinolone | 3 |
Bupivicaine Alone | 3 |
The SF12 survey measures patients' impressions of their level of health and well-being. The results are reported as two scores: A physical component and a mental component, each of which is reported on a scale of 0 (lowest level of health) to 100 (excellent health). Scores that increase from baseline indicate an improvement in patients' feelings of well-being. (NCT00658736)
Timeframe: 1 month
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Bupivicaine and Triamcinolone | -0.2 |
Bupivicaine Alone | 1.7 |
Efficacy of the treatment with intravitreal administered injections of anti VEGF (Bevacizumab (Avastin®) or Ranibizumab (Lucentis®) ) compared with triamcinolone (Volon A®) in patients with diabetic macular edema is measured with standard Optical Coherence Tomography - (OCT): units: µm; scale range: 200-800; higher values are considered worse outcome (NCT00682539)
Timeframe: 12 months
Intervention | µm (Mean) |
---|---|
Avastin | 351 |
Triamciolone | 357 |
Lucentis | 389 |
Efficacy of the treatment with intravitreal administered injections of anti VEGF (Bevacizumab (Avastin®) or Ranibizumab (Lucentis®) ) compared with triamcinolone (Volon A®) in patients with diabetic macular edema is examined using Visual acuity measurements with ETDRS charts: units: logMAR; scale range: -0.1 to 1.0; higher values are considered worse outcome (NCT00682539)
Timeframe: 12 month
Intervention | logMAR (Mean) |
---|---|
Avastin | 0.18 |
Triamciolone | 0.36 |
Lucentis | 0.18 |
WOMAC pain subscale range 0-20 (0=best, 20=worst) (NCT00746889)
Timeframe: baseline to 12 weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Inflammatory Patients Who Received Corticosteroid Injections | -0.1 |
Noninflammatory Patients Who Received Corticosteroid Injection | -2.0 |
WOMAC pain subscale range 0-20 (0=best, 20=worst) (NCT00746889)
Timeframe: baseline to 4 weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection | -2.1 |
Placebo | -0.1 |
"Serum amyloid A (SAA) were determined in serum at all visits (Visits 1-5) in order to identify the presence of inflammation, to determine its severity, and to monitor response to treatment.~ANCOVA with treatment group, protein level at baseline and BMI at baseline as covariates." (NCT00798369)
Timeframe: at 72 hours and 7 days, 4 and 8 weeks post-dose
Intervention | mg/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
72 hrs post-dose (n= 26, 28, 28, 28, 27, 50) | 7 days post-dose (n= 28, 28, 28, 28, 26, 49) | 4 week post-dose (n= 27, 28, 27, 28, 27, 50) | 8 weeks post-dose (n= 26, 26, 26, 27, 27, 48) | |
Canakinumab 10 mg | 50.1 | 10.6 | 4.4 | 5.5 |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 26.9 | 10.3 | 6.2 | 4.1 |
Canakinumab 25 mg | 27.6 | 5.4 | 4.2 | 4.6 |
Canakinumab 50 mg | 70.7 | 11.9 | 4.9 | 5.7 |
Canakinumab 90 mg | 29.4 | 10.5 | 14.3 | 8.2 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 52.5 | 39.4 | 12.9 | 18.0 |
The change in pain intensity from baseline to 72 hours and 7 days post dose as measured on a 0-100 mm Visual Analog Scale(VAS): 0= no pain and 100= severe pain. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with treatment group, VAS at baseline and Body mass Index (BMI) at baseline as covariates. Change from baseline = (post-baseline measurement - baseline). (NCT00798369)
Timeframe: Baseline,at 72 hrs post-dose and 7 days post-dose
Intervention | Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |
---|---|---|
72 hrs post-dose (n= 28, 28, 26, 28, 27, 53) | 7 days post-dose (n= 26, 28, 27, 27, 26, 51) | |
Canakinumab 10 mg | -48.6 | -57.6 |
Canakinumab 150 mg | -62.5 | -66.4 |
Canakinumab 25 mg | -46.6 | -53.9 |
Canakinumab 50 mg | -48.6 | -63.4 |
Canakinumab 90 mg | -52.7 | -61.2 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | -43.3 | -56.0 |
Participants scored their global assessment of response to treatment using a 5-point Likert scale: Excellent, Good, Acceptable, Slight and Poor. (NCT00798369)
Timeframe: at 72 hours post-baseline
Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 10 mg | 64 |
Canakinumab 25 mg | 62 |
Canakinumab 50 mg | 71 |
Canakinumab 90 mg | 66 |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 89 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 54 |
The median time in days to at least 50% reduction in Pain intensity from baseline as measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for each treatment group. Participants scored their pain intensity in the target joint on a 0-100 mm VAS, ranging from no pain (0) to unbearable pain (100). (NCT00798369)
Timeframe: Baseline, within 7 days after randomization
Intervention | Days (Median) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 10 mg | 2.9 |
Canakinumab 25 mg | 2.9 |
Canakinumab 50 mg | 1.0 |
Canakinumab 90 mg | 1.0 |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 1.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 2.0 |
Mean target dose at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Four models: Emax, Logistic, Linear in log-dose, Linear were selected to describe the potential dose-response curve and hence estimate the target dose of canakinumab using baseline Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Body Mass Index (BMI) as covariates. Target dose was defined as the dose for which the efficacy is equivalent to the efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide 40 mg and was identified by assessing the dose response relationship with regards to the pain intensity in the target joint measured on a 0- 100 mm VAS (0= no pain and 100= unbearable pain). (NCT00798369)
Timeframe: at 24,48 and 72 hours post-baseline
Intervention | mg (Number) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Target dose at 24 hrs post-baseline | Target dose at 48 hrs post-baseline | Target dose at 72 hrs post-baseline | |
Linear Model | 37 | 23 | NA |
Participants who had difficulty in tolerating their pain after the 6-hour post-dose pain assessments and during the first 7 study days were allowed to take a maximum of 30 mg prednisolone (or equivalent dose of prednisone [30 mg]) orally once a day for a maximum of 5 days. In addition, participants could use 500 mg acetaminophen (paracetamol) and/or 30 mg codeine as needed during the first 7 study days. A maximum of 1 g/dose or 3 g/day of acetaminophen and 30 mg/dose or 180 mg/day of codeine was allowed during the first 7 days of the study. (NCT00798369)
Timeframe: 7 days after study drug administration
Intervention | mg (Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Acetaminophen | Codeine | Prednisolone/Prednisone | |
Canakinumab 10 mg | 1414.3 | 42.9 | 13.4 |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 607.4 | 4.4 | 6.2 |
Canakinumab 25 mg | 1656.9 | 78.6 | 23.8 |
Canakinumab 50 mg | 2178.6 | 49.3 | 24.1 |
Canakinumab 90 mg | 1646.6 | 27.9 | 13.1 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 1614.3 | 52.0 | 13.3 |
"High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was determined in serum at all visits (Visits 1-5) in order to identify the presence of inflammation, to determine its severity, and to monitor response to treatment.~ANCOVA with treatment group, protein level at baseline and BMI at baseline as covariates." (NCT00798369)
Timeframe: at 72 hours and 7 days, 4 and 8 weeks post-dose
Intervention | mg/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
72 hrs post-dose (n= 27, 28, 26, 28, 25, 53) | 7 days post-dose (n= 28, 29, 28, 28, 27, 55) | 4 week post-dose (n= 27, 28, 27, 28, 27, 55) | 8 weeks post-dose (n= 26, 28, 27, 28, 27, 54) | |
Canakinumab 10 mg | 16.7 | 8.0 | 3.0 | 3.8 |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 9.2 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 2.9 |
Canakinumab 25 mg | 7.9 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 2.0 |
Canakinumab 50 mg | 11.7 | 4.3 | 2.9 | 2.6 |
Canakinumab 90 mg | 13.4 | 6.3 | 4.8 | 5.2 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 13.4 | 13.7 | 9.2 | 8.6 |
(NCT00815360)
Timeframe: 6 months
Intervention | units on a scale (microns) (Mean) |
---|---|
Treatment Group 1 | 270 |
Comparative Group 1 | 350 |
(NCT00815360)
Timeframe: 6 months
Intervention | Letters of visual acuity on ETDRS chart (Mean) |
---|---|
Treatment Group 1 | 13 |
Comparative Group 1 | 10 |
"Percentage of patients reporting no pain on dorsiflexion of wrist on a three-point Likert scale on dorsiflexion of wrist. Scale: No pain - some pain - definite pain." (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 22 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 12 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 17 |
"Percentage of patients reporting no pain on dorsiflexion of wrist on a three-point Likert scale on dorsiflexion of wrist. Scale: No pain - some pain - definite pain." (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 19 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 29 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 38 |
"Percentage of patients reporting no pain on dorsiflexion of wrist on a three-point Likert scale on dorsiflexion of wrist. Scale: No pain - some pain - definite pain." (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 52 weeks
Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 36 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 60 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 50 |
"Percentage of patients reporting no pain on dorsiflexion of wrist on a three-point Likert scale on dorsiflexion of wrist. Scale: No pain - some pain - definite pain." (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 36 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 3 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 8 |
"Percentage of patients reporting no pain on isometric extension of third finger on a three-point Likert scale on dorsiflexion of wrist. Scale: No pain - some pain - definite pain." (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 36 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 24 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 22 |
"Percentage of patients reporting no pain on isometric extension of third finger on a three-point Likert scale on dorsiflexion of wrist. Scale: No pain - some pain - definite pain." (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 31 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 53 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 58 |
"Percentage of patients reporting no pain on isometric extension of third finger on a three-point Likert scale on dorsiflexion of wrist. Scale: No pain - some pain - definite pain." (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 52 weeks
Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 53 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 76 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 63 |
"Percentage of patients reporting no pain on isometric extension of third finger on a three-point Likert scale on dorsiflexion of wrist. Scale: No pain - some pain - definite pain." (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 44 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 16 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 17 |
Overall complaint registered on VAS-scale as recorded by study doctors. 0 mm represents no overall complaint. 100 mm signifies maximum overall complaint. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | mm (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 43 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 35 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 36 |
Overall complaint registered on VAS-scale as recorded by study doctors. 0 mm represents no overall complaint. 100 mm signifies maximum overall complaint. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
Intervention | mm (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 36 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 19 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 18 |
Overall complaint registered on VAS-scale as recorded by study doctors. 0 mm represents no overall complaint. 100 mm signifies maximum overall complaint. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 52 weeks
Intervention | mm (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 20 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 9 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 12 |
Overall complaint registered on VAS-scale as recorded by study doctors. 0 mm represents no overall complaint. 100 mm signifies maximum overall complaint. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
Intervention | mm (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 32 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 50 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 51 |
Pain in elbow as recorded by the study doctors on a 100 mm VAS-scale (Visual Analog Scale). The scale runs from 0 mm (no pain) to 100 mm (maximum pain), higher scores means worse outcome. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | mm (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 41 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 33 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 33 |
Pain in elbow as recorded by the study doctors on a 100 mm VAS-scale (Visual Analog Scale). The scale runs from 0 mm (no pain) to 100 mm (maximum pain), higher scores means worse outcome. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
Intervention | mm (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 38 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 21 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 19 |
Pain in elbow as recorded by the study doctors on a 100 mm VAS-scale (Visual Analog Scale). The scale runs from 0 mm (no pain) to 100 mm (maximum pain), higher scores means worse outcome. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
Intervention | mm (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 29 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 45 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 44 |
Pain free function Index ( 0 - 8 ; 0: full function, 8 no function). Does the patient have pain on 8 every-day activities (dressing, eating, washing, household tasks, opening doors, carrying objects, with work, at sports). Recording a 0 on a complaint listed signifies full function, recording a 1 signifies no function. Thus the more activities with no function the higher score and the higher impairment. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 3.42 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 3.62 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 3.37 |
Pain free function Index ( 0 - 8 ; 0: full function, 8 no function). Does the patient have pain on 8 every-day activities (dressing, eating, washing, household tasks, opening doors, carrying objects, with work, at sports). Recording a 0 on a complaint listed signifies full function, recording a 1 signifies no function. Thus the more activities with no function the higher score and the higher impairment. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 2.97 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 1.83 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 2.00 |
Pain free function Index ( 0 - 8 ; 0: full function, 8 no function). Does the patient have pain on 8 every-day activities (dressing, eating, washing, household tasks, opening doors, carrying objects, with work, at sports). Recording a 0 on a complaint listed signifies full function, recording a 1 signifies no function. Thus the more activities with no function the higher score and the higher impairment. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 52 weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 1.64 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 1.03 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 1.40 |
Pain free function Index ( 0 - 8 ; 0: full function, 8 no function). Does the patient have pain on 8 every-day activities (dressing, eating, washing, household tasks, opening doors, carrying objects, with work, at sports). Recording a 0 on a complaint listed signifies full function, recording a 1 signifies no function. Thus the more activities with no function the higher score and the higher impairment. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 2.78 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 4.40 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 4.82 |
Pain free grip strength registered with hand held dynamometer . Mean of three measurements as ratio of affected to unaffected side.Strength registered in kg. A ratio closer to zero signifies that pain occurs at the application of a small force signifying a more severe condition. A ratio approaching 1 signifies a milder complaint. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
Intervention | Ratio x 100 (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 58 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 50 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 57 |
Pain free grip strength registered with hand held dynamometer 30 31. Mean of three measurements as ratio of affected to unaffected side. Strength registered in kg. A ratio closer to zero signifies that pain occurs at the application of a small force signifying a more severe condition. A ratio approaching 1 signifies a milder complaint. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | Ratio x 100 (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 64 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 55 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 63 |
Pain free grip strength registered with hand held dynamometer 30 31. Mean of three measurements as ratio of affected to unaffected side.Strength registered in kg. A ratio closer to zero signifies that pain occurs at the application of a small force signifying a more severe condition. A ratio approaching 1 signifies a milder complaint. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
Intervention | Ratio x 100 (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 82 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 76 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 74 |
Pain free grip strength registered with hand held dynamometer 30 31. Mean of three measurements as ratio of affected to unaffected side.Strength registered in kg. A ratio closer to zero signifies that pain occurs at the application of a small force signifying a more severe condition. A ratio approaching 1 signifies a milder complaint. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 52 weeks
Intervention | Ratio x 100 (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 100 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 90 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 91 |
Unadjusted event rates of treatment success, defined as participants rating themselves 'much improved' or 'completely recovered' on a six point scale. Percentage with 99% confidence interval. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 6 - 52 weeks
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
6 weeks | 12 weeks | 26 weeks | 52 weeks | |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 15 | 48 | 67 | 78 |
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 59 | 42 | 42 | 75 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 24 | 45 | 69 | 78 |
Pain in elbow as recorded by the study doctors on a 100 mm VAS-scale (Visual Analog Scale). The scale runs from 0 mm (no pain) to 100 mm (maximum pain), higher scores means worse outcome. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 52 weeks
Intervention | mm (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 19 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 9 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 13 |
To what extent is the use of the elbow affected registered on 100 mm VAS-scale. 0 mm represents use not affected. 100 mm signifies maximum affected function. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | mm (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 37 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 32 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 34 |
To what extent is the use of the elbow affected registered on 100 mm VAS-scale. 0 mm represents use not affected. 100 mm signifies maximum affected function. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
Intervention | mm (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 28 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 17 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 16 |
To what extent is the use of the elbow affected registered on 100 mm VAS-scale. 0 mm represents use not affected. 100 mm signifies maximum affected function. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
Intervention | mm (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 25 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 45 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 38 |
To what extent is the use of the elbow affected registered on 100 mm VAS-scale. 0 mm represents use not affected. 100 mm signifies maximum affected function. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 52 weeks
Intervention | mm (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 16 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 9 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 10 |
Maximum grip strength registered with hand held dynamometer. Mean of three measurements as ratio of affected to unaffected side. Strength registered in kg. A ratio closer to zero signifies that pain hampers the application of grip force to a larger degree signifying a more severe condition. A ratio approaching 1 signifies a milder complaint where grip strength is not hampered by pain. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | Ratio x 100 (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 83 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 88 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 89 |
Maximum grip strength registered with hand held dynamometer. Mean of three measurements as ratio of affected to unaffected side. Strength registered in kg. A ratio closer to zero signifies that pain hampers the application of grip force to a larger degree signifying a more severe condition. A ratio approaching 1 signifies a milder complaint where grip strength is not hampered by pain. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
Intervention | Ratio x 100 (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 89 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 99 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 99 |
Maximum grip strength registered with hand held dynamometer. Mean of three measurements as ratio of affected to unaffected side. Strength registered in kg. A ratio closer to zero signifies that pain hampers the application of grip force to a larger degree signifying a more severe condition. A ratio approaching 1 signifies a milder complaint where grip strength is not hampered by pain. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
Intervention | Ratio x 100 (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 87 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 80 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 74 |
Maximum grip strength registered with hand held dynamometer. Mean of three measurements as ratio of affected to unaffected side.Strength registered in kg. A ratio closer to zero signifies that pain hampers the application of grip force to a larger degree signifying a more severe condition. A ratio approaching 1 signifies a milder complaint where grip strength is not hampered by pain. (NCT00826462)
Timeframe: 52 weeks
Intervention | Ratio x 100 (Mean) |
---|---|
Corticosteroid Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 96 |
Placebo Injection in Combination With Physical Therapy | 102 |
Control Group: Wait-and-see Treatment | 104 |
Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by applanation tonometry in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Surgical success was determined if IOP was <21mmHg and 20% less than baseline IOP. Failure was defined as inability to meet criteria for success or IOP was less than 5mmHg. (NCT00853905)
Timeframe: 1 day, 1week, 1 month, 3 month and 6 month post-op visits
Intervention | mm Hg (Mean) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day 1 | Week 1 | Month 1 | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
Treatment 1(Triesence) | 16.1 | 11.7 | 16.1 | 15.1 | 14.6 |
Treatment 2 (Balanced Salt Solution BSS) | 12.8 | 11.8 | 14.4 | 12.8 | 13.6 |
A bleb is a blister on the white part of the eye (sclera) intentionally formed during some glaucoma surgeries. The Indiana Bleb Appearance Grading Scale (IBAGS) measures the bleb appearance in elevation (height), extent and vascularity. The height range is flat, low, moderate and high with 0 to 3 units on a scale. Zero is a flat bleb and 3 is a high bleb. Elevated functioning blebs increase the success of glaucoma surgery. (NCT00853905)
Timeframe: 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 month and 6 month post-op visits
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day 1 | Week 1 | Month 1 | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
Balanced Salt Solution (BSS Treatment 2) | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.1 |
Triesence (Treatment 1) | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.9 |
Inflammation in the anterior chamber (called flare), is measured 10 times per eye using the flare meter, a non-invasive measurement. Flare meter measures inflammation in photon counts per millisecond (p/msec). (NCT00853905)
Timeframe: 1 month, 3 month and 6 month post-op visits
Intervention | photon counts per millisecond (p/msec) (Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Month 1 | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
Treatment 1(Triesence) | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
Treatment 2 (Balanced Salt Solution BSS) | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
Questionnaire administered to capture feeling of dry eye. Dry eye was graded on a scale of absent, mild, moderate and severe with 0 to 3 units on a scale. (NCT00853905)
Timeframe: 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 month and 6 month post-op visits
Intervention | Patient comfort questionnaire score (Mean) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day 1 | Week 1 | Month 1 | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
Treatment 1(Triesence) | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Treatment 2 (Balanced Salt Solution BSS) | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Number of ocular hypotensive ophthalmic solutions (eye drops) needed, if any, to maintain lower eye pressure. (NCT00853905)
Timeframe: 1 week, 1 month, 3 month, and or 6 month post-op visits
Intervention | eye drops (Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Week 1 | Month 1 | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
Treatment 1(Triesence) | 0.03 | 0.1 | 0.08 | 0.22 |
Treatment 2 (Balanced Salt Solution BSS) | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.22 | 0.22 |
Percent change in mean EASI score week 0 to week 6: Each lesion was scored using a 12-point modified Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) at baseline and 2 weeks after the 4-week treatment period (week6). An experienced evaluator assessed each lesion on the severity of 4 domains, with higher scores indicating more severity: 1) intensity of redness (erythema), 2) thickness (induration, papulation, oedema), 3) scratching (excoriation) and 4) lichenification (lined skin) as as none (0), mild (1), moderate (2) and severe (3). Pictorial and descriptive instructions guided the evaluator in scoring the lesions based on visual appearance. (NCT00924508)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 weeks
Intervention | percentage change (Mean) |
---|---|
Hydrogel Patch | -47 |
TAC 0.1% | -56 |
Patch + TAC | -61 |
(NCT00924508)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
Intervention | Adverse events (Number) |
---|---|
Hydrogel Patch Alone, TAC 0.1%, TAC + Patch | 0 |
Patients scored their pain intensity in the joint most affected at baseline on a 0-100 mm VAS, ranging from no pain (0) to unbearable pain (100), at 72 hours post-dose. Scores on the 100 mm linear scale were measured to the nearest millimeter from the left. The ANCOVA analysis included treatment group, Baseline VAS score, and body mass index (BMI) at Baseline as covariates. (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose (randomization)
Intervention | mm (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | 28.1 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 39.5 |
The SF-36 measures the impact of disease on overall quality of life (QoL). This 36-item survey has 8 subscales that can be aggregated into physical- and mental-component summary scores. Scores are standardized with the use of norm-based methods based on an assessment of the general U.S. population free of chronic conditions. Scores range from 1-100 with a mean=50 and a standard deviation=10. A higher score indicates less impact on QoL. A negative change score indicates improvement. An ANCOVA model was used with treatment group and baseline SF-36 physical function subscore as covariates. (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: Week 12
Intervention | Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | 71.76 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 71.48 |
The Kaplan-Meier estimates of the time to at least a 50% reduction in self-assessed pain intensity in the joint most affected at baseline was determined along with the 95% confidence interval. Patients scored their pain intensity on a 0-100 mm VAS, ranging from no pain (0) to unbearable pain (100). Scores on the 100 mm linear scale were measured to the nearest millimeter from the left. Pain was scored at Baseline; at 6 and 12 hours post-dose; and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days post-dose. (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: From baseline to 7 days post dose (randomization)
Intervention | Hours (Median) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | 48.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 72.0 |
Patients scored their pain intensity on a 5-point Likert scale (none, mild, moderate, severe, extreme). Complete Resolution of Pain is defined as no pain (None) on the Likert Scale. Pain was scored at Baseline; at 6 and 12 hours post-dose; and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days post-dose. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of time to complete resolution of self-assessed pain intensity in the joint most affected and their confidence intervals were determined. (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 7 days post-dose (randomization)
Intervention | Hours (Median) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | NA |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | NA |
The Kaplan-Meier estimates of medians and 95% confidence intervals were used to calculate the endpoint. (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose for the last post-baseline flare (during 24 weeks overall)
Intervention | Hours (Median) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | NA |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | NA |
"Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimates of time to first new flare and confidence intervals were determined. Patients met definition of new flare if they had:~Flare in joint, not a previously affected joint (at baseline or during study)~Flare in joint previously affected (at baseline or during study) after previous flare in joint has resolved completely.~Patients did not meet criterion of having new gout flare if:~· Increasing/renewed gout pain in an affected joint before the flare has resolved completely." (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
Intervention | Days (Median) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | NA |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 119 |
"Kaplan-Meier estimates of time to first new flare and confidence intervals were determined. For patients with event, time to event = (date of event - date of first dose of study drug + 1).~Patients met definition of new flare if they had:~Flare in joint, not a previously affected joint (at baseline or during study)~Flare in joint previously affected (at baseline or during study) after previous flare in joint has resolved completely.~Patients did not meet criterion of having new gout flare if:~· Increasing/renewed gout pain in an affected joint before flare has resolved completely." (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | Days (Median) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | NA |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | NA |
"Kaplan-Meier estimates of time to first new flare and confidence intervals were determined. For patients with event, time to event = (date of event - date of first dose of study drug + 1).~Patients met definition of new flare if they had:~Flare in joint, not a previously affected joint (at baseline or during study)~Flare in joint previously affected (at baseline or during study) after previous flare in joint has resolved completely.~Patients did not meet criterion of having new gout flare if:~· Increasing/renewed gout pain in an affected joint before flare has resolved completely." (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 72 weeks overall
Intervention | days (Median) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | 222.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 119.0 |
"Patients who had difficulty in tolerating their pain were allowed to take rescue medication after the 6-hour post-dose pain assessments as follows:~Acetaminophen (paracetamol) 500 mg and/ or codeine 30 mg as required. A maximum of 1 g/dose or 3 g/day of acetaminophen and 30 mg/ dose or 180 mg/day of codeine was allowed.~If they had insufficient pain relief, patients were allowed to take a maximum of 30 mg of oral prednisolon as required per day for 2 days followed by up to 20 mg of prednisolone as required subsequent days within 7 days of a gout flare." (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 7 days last post-baseline flare (during 24 weeks)
Intervention | mg (Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Acetaminophen | Codeine | Prednisolone/Prednisone | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 1931.4 | 7.7 | 4.1 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 2058.1 | 46.0 | 21.6 |
The study physician made a global assessment of the patient's response to treatment using a 5-point Likert scale: Very good, good, fair, poor, very poor. The percentage of patients in each category is reported. The physician completed the assessment without viewing any of the patient's assessments (pain intensity [Visual Analog Scale and Likert scale] and patient's global assessment of response to treatment). The treatment effect reported for canakinumab arm was for last post-baseline flare after re-treated with canakinumab and for patient which switched to Canakinumab arm was for first post-baseline flare after receiving the first dose of canakinumab. (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose , 7 days post-dose for the last post-baseline flare for patients re-treated with canakinumab or first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab for patients switched treatment (during 72 weeks overall)
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very good (72 hours post dose) (n=61, 34) | Good (72 hours post dose) (n=61, 34) | Fair (72 hours post dose) (n=61, 34) | Poor (72 hours post dose) (n=61, 34) | Very poor (72 hours post dose) (n=61, 34) | Very Good (7 days post dose) (n=68, 34) | Good (7 days post dose) (n=68, 34) | Fair (7 days post dose) (n=68, 34) | Poor (7 days post dose) (n=68, 34) | Very Poor (7 days post dose) (n=68, 34) | |
Randomized to Canakinumab and Re-treated With Canakinumab | 21.3 | 41.0 | 31.1 | 6.6 | 0.0 | 36.8 | 52.9 | 10.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Randomized to Triamcinolone and Switched to Canakinumab | 22.9 | 57.1 | 17.1 | 2.9 | 0.0 | 33.3 | 63.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.8 |
High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were determined in blood serum in order to identify the presence of inflammation, to determine its severity, and to monitor the response to treatment. Analytes were measured by a central laboratory. The treatment effect reported for canakinumab arm was for last post-baseline flare after re-treated with canakinumab and for patient which switched to Canakinumab arm was for first post-baseline flare after receiving the first dose of canakinumab. (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 24 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks post-dose for the last post-baseline flare for patients re-treated with canakinumab or first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab for patients switched treatment (during 72 weeks overall)
Intervention | mg/L (Mean) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
24 hours post dose (n= 45, 24) | 72 hours post dose (n=45, 34) | 7 days post dose (n=67, 39) | 4 weeks post dose (n=52, 35) | 8 weeks post dose (n=45, 37) | 12 weeks post dose (n=42, 33) | |
Randomized to Canakinumab and Re-treated With Canakinumab | 28.9 | 10.6 | 3.3 | 9.2 | 2.6 | 6.5 |
Randomized to Triamcinolone and Switched to Canakinumab | 26.0 | 7.0 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 4.3 |
This was the primary endpoint of both extension studies. Adverse event is defined as any unfavorable and unintended diagnosis, symptom, sign(including an abnormal laboratory finding),syndrome or disease which either occurs during the study, having been absent at baseline, or,if present at baseline, appears to worsen. Serious adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that results in death, is life threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect. (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 24 weeks overall
Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Adverse Event | Death | Serious Adverse Event | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 71 | 0 | 11 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 56 | 1 | 6 |
This was the primary endpoint of both extension studies. Adverse event is defined as any unfavorable and unintended diagnosis, symptom, sign(including an abnormal laboratory finding),syndrome or disease which either occurs during the study, having been absent at baseline, or,if present at baseline, appears to worsen. Serious adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that results in death, is life threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect. (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 72 weeks overall
Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Adverse Event | Death | Serious Adverse Event | |
All Randomized to Canakinumab | 76 | 1 | 19 |
Randomized to Canakinumab :After Re-treated With Canakinumab | 38 | 1 | 8 |
Randomized to Canakinumab :Before Re-treated With Canakinumab | 41 | 0 | 6 |
Randomized to Triam: After Switched to Canakinumab | 19 | 0 | 0 |
Randomized to Triam: Before Switched to Canakinumab | 20 | 0 | 2 |
Randomized to Triamcinolone Acetonide (Triam) | 60 | 2 | 11 |
High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) were determined in blood serum in order to identify the presence of inflammation, to determine its severity, and to monitor the response to treatment. Analytes were measured by a central laboratory. The analysis included treatment group, log-transformed protein level at baseline, and body mass index (BMI) at baseline as covariates. (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose (randomization), 72 hours post-dose for the last post-baseline flare (during 24 weeks overall)
Intervention | mg/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
hsCRP : Core(n= 109, 107) | SAA protein : Core (n=105, 106) | hsCRP : 24 weeks(n= 31, 32) | SAA protein : 24 weeks (n=28, 33) | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 4.50 | 6.77 | 5.18 | 11.43 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 7.08 | 17.00 | 7.18 | 21.11 |
Participant scored their current pain intensity in the most affected joint of the gout flare on a 5-point Likert Scale (none, mild, moderate, severe, extreme). It participant had a new flare, they also scored the maximum amount of acute gout pain in the most affected joint since the onset of a new flare on 5 point Likert scale (none, mild, moderate, severe, extreme). (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 7 days post dose (randomization), 24 weeks post-dose
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
None (7 days post-dose) [N= 110, 107] | Mild (7 days post-dose) [N= 110, 107] | Moderate (7 days post-dose) [N= 110, 107] | Severe (7 days post-dose) [N= 110, 107] | Extreme (7 days post-dose) [N= 110, 107] | None (24 weeks post-dose) [N= 85, 78] | Mild (24 weeks post-dose) [N= 85, 78] | Moderate (24 weeks post-dose) [N= 85, 78] | Severe (24 weeks post-dose) [N= 85, 78] | Extreme (24 weeks post-dose) [N= 85, 78] | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 32.7 | 48.2 | 16.4 | 2.7 | 0.0 | 47.1 | 38.8 | 12.9 | 1.2 | 0.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 28.0 | 41.1 | 16.8 | 12.1 | 1.9 | 46.2 | 37.2 | 15.4 | 1.3 | 0.0 |
Patients made a global assessment of response to treatment using a 5-point Likert scale: Excellent, good, acceptable, slight, poor. Percentage of participants in each category for both core and extension periods were measured. (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose (randomization), 72 hours post-dose for the last post-baseline flare (during 24 weeks overall)
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excellent (Core) [N=113, 111] | Good (Core) [N=113, 111] | Acceptable (Core) [N=113, 111] | Slight (Core) [N=113, 111] | Poor (Core) [N=113, 111] | Excellent (24 weeks) [N=87, 78] | Good (24 weeks) [N=87, 78] | Acceptable (24 weeks) [N=87, 78] | Slight (24 weeks) [N=87, 78] | Poor (24 weeks) [N=87, 78] | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 12.4 | 38.9 | 37.2 | 8.8 | 2.7 | 31 | 46 | 20.7 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 12.6 | 28.8 | 30.6 | 12.6 | 15.3 | 17.9 | 44.9 | 25.6 | 9.0 | 2.6 |
Patients made a global assessment of response to treatment using a 5-point Likert scale: Excellent, good, acceptable, slight, poor. Percentage of participants in each category for both core and extension periods were measured. The treatment effect reported for canakinumab arm was for last post-baseline flare after re-treated with canakinumab and for patient which switched to Canakinumab arm was for first post-baseline flare after receiving the first dose of canakinumab. (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose , 7 days post dose for the last post-baseline flare for patients re-treated with canakinumab or the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab for patients who switched treatment (during 72 weeks overall)
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excellent (72 hours post dose) (n=60, 36) | Good (72 hours post dose) (n=60, 36) | Acceptable (72 hours post dose) (n=60, 36) | Slight (72 hours post dose) (n=60, 36) | Poor (72 hours post dose) (n=60, 36) | Excellent (7 days post dose) (n=68, 36) | Good (7 days post dose) (n=68, 36) | Acceptable (7 days post dose) (n=68, 36) | Slight (7 days post dose) (n=68, 36) | Poor (7 days post dose) (n=68, 36) | |
Randomized to Canakinumab and Re-treated With Canakinumab | 15.0 | 26.7 | 50.0 | 6.7 | 1.7 | 23.5 | 41.2 | 27.9 | 7.4 | 0.0 |
Randomized to Triamcinolone and Switched to Canakinumab | 19.4 | 44.4 | 27.8 | 2.8 | 5.6 | 27.8 | 52.8 | 16.7 | 2.8 | 0.0 |
Patients who had difficulty in tolerating their pain were allowed to take rescue medication after the 6-hour post-dose pain assessments. Permitted rescue medications included acetaminophen 500 mg and/ or codeine 30 mg as needed. If they had insufficient pain relief, patients were allowed to take a maximum of 30 mg of oral prednisolone as needed per day for 2 days followed by up to 20 mg of prednisolone as needed per day for 3 subsequent days within 7 days after randomization or after re-dose/injection administration. (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: during 12 weeks core, 24 weeks overall
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
---|---|---|
12 weeks :Core (N=113, 115) | 24 weeks: Overall (N=35, 43) | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 31.0 | 48.6 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 52.2 | 44.2 |
"Flare rate was calculated as the number of new flares over the period of observation in years. Flare rate was calculated using only those new flares before switching to canakinumab.~Patients met definition of new flare if they had:~Flare in joint, not a previously affected joint (at baseline or during study)~Flare in joint previously affected (at baseline or during study) after previous flare in joint has resolved completely.~Patients did not meet criterion of having new gout flare if:~· Increasing/renewed gout pain in an affected joint before the flare has resolved completely." (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 72 weeks overall
Intervention | New flares per patient per year (Mean) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | 1.16 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 2.81 |
The study physician assessed the most affected joint for Erythema: Present or absent. The percentage of patients in each category is reported. The treatment effect reported for canakinumab arm was for last post-baseline flare after re-treated with canakinumab and for patient which switched to Canakinumab arm was for first post-baseline flare after receiving the first dose of canakinumab. (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose , 7 days post dose for the last post-baseline flare for patients re-treated with canakinumab or the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab for patients who switched treatment (during 72 weeks overall)
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Absent (72 hours post dose) (n=61, 35) | Present (72 hours post dose) (n=61, 35) | Absent (7 days post dose) (n=67, 36) | Present (7 days post dose) (n=67, 36) | |
Randomized to Canakinumab and Re-treated With Canakinumab | 82.0 | 18.0 | 95.5 | 4.5 |
Randomized to Triamcinolone and Switched to Canakinumab | 80.0 | 20.0 | 94.4 | 5.6 |
The study physician assessed the most affected joint for: Swelling on a 0-3 point scale: No swelling, palpable, visible, and bulging beyond the joint margins; The percentage of patients in each category is reported. The treatment effect reported for canakinumab arm was for last post-baseline flare after re-treated with canakinumab and for patient which switched to Canakinumab arm was for first post-baseline flare after receiving the first dose of canakinumab. (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose , 7 days post dose last post-baseline flare for patients re-treated with canakinumab or the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab for patients who switched treatment (during 72 weeks overall)
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No Pain (72 hours post dose) (n=61, 35) | Pain (72 hours post dose) (n=61, 35) | Pain and winces (72 hours post dose) (n=61, 35) | Pain, winces, withdraw(72 hrs post dose)(n=61, 35) | No pain (7 days post dose) (n=68, 36) | Pain (7 days post dose) (n=68, 36) | Pain and winces (7 days post dose) (n=68, 36) | Pain, winces, withdraw(72 hrs post dose)(n=68, 36) | |
Randomized to Canakinumab and Re-treated With Canakinumab | 29.5 | 42.6 | 24.6 | 3.3 | 64.7 | 25.0 | 7.4 | 2.9 |
Randomized to Triamcinolone and Switched to Canakinumab | 42.9 | 48.6 | 8.6 | 0.0 | 75.0 | 16.7 | 5.6 | 2.8 |
"The study physician assessed the most affected joint for: Tenderness on a 0-3 point scale: No pain, patient states that there is pain, patient states there is pain and winces, and patient states there is pain, winces, and withdraws on palpation or passive movement of the affected study joint; The percentage of patients in each category is reported. The treatment effect reported for canakinumab arm was for last post-baseline flare after re-treated with canakinumab and for patient which switched to Canakinumab arm was for first post-baseline flare after receiving the first dose of canakinumab." (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose , 7 days post dose last post-baseline flare for patients re-treated with canakinumab or the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab for patients who switched treatment (during 72 weeks overall)
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No Pain (72 hours post dose) (n=61, 35) | Pain (72 hours post dose) (n=61, 35) | Pain and winces (72 hours post dose) (n=61, 35) | Pain, winces, withdraw(72 hrs post dose)(n=61, 35) | No pain (7 days post dose) (n=68, 36) | Pain (7 days post dose) (n=68, 36) | Pain and winces (7 days post dose) (n=68, 36) | Pain, winces, withdraw(72 hrs post dose)(n=61, 36) | |
Randomized to Canakinumab and Re-treated With Canakinumab | 27.9 | 54.1 | 16.4 | 1.6 | 52.9 | 44.1 | 2.9 | 0.0 |
Randomized to Triamcinolone and Switched to Canakinumab | 28.6 | 68.6 | 2.9 | 0.0 | 69.4 | 27.8 | 2.8 | 0.0 |
The study physician assessed the range of motion of the most affected joint for range of motion on a 5-point Likert scale: Normal, mildly restricted, moderately restricted, severely restricted, immobilized. The percentage of patients in each category is reported. (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose (randomization), 72 hours post-dose for the last post-baseline flare (24 weeks overall)
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal (Core) [N=113, 111] | Mildly restricted (Core) [N=113, 111] | Moderately restricted (Core) [N=113, 111] | Severely restricted (Core) [N=113, 111] | Immobilized (Core) [N=113, 111] | Normal (24 weeks) [N=87, 79] | Mildly restricted (24 weeks) [N=87, 79] | Moderately Restricted (24 weeks) [N=87, 79] | Severely Restricted (24 weeks) [N=87, 79] | Immobilized (24 weeks) [N=87, 79] | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 25.7 | 50.4 | 21.2 | 2.7 | 0.0 | 66.7 | 31.0 | 2.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 31.5 | 29.7 | 27.0 | 8.1 | 3.6 | 65.8 | 29.1 | 3.8 | 1.3 | 0.0 |
"The study physician assessed the most affected joint for: Tenderness on a 0-3 point scale: No pain, patient states that there is pain, patient states there is pain and winces, and patient states there is pain, winces, and withdraws on palpation or passive movement of the affected study joint; Swelling on a 0-3 point scale: No swelling, palpable, visible, and bulging beyond the joint margins; and Erythema: Present or absent. The percentage of patients in each category is reported." (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose (randomization), 72 hours post-dose for the last post-baseline flare (during 24 weeks overall)
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TENDERNESS - No pain (Core) [N=113, 110] | Pain (Core) [N=113, 110] | Pain and winces (Core) [N=113, 110] | Pain,winces,withdraws (Core) [N=113,110] | SWELLING - No swelling (Core) [N=113, 110] | Palpable (Core) [N=113, 110] | Visible (Core) [N=113, 110] | Bulging beyond joint margin (Core) [N=113, 110] | ERYTHEMA - Absent (Core) [N=112, 109] | Present (Core) [N=112, 109] | TENDERNESS - No pain (24 weeks) [N=87, 80] | Pain (24 weeks) [N=87, 80] | Pain and winces (24 weeks) [N=87, 80] | Pain,winces,withdraws (24 weeks) [N=87, 80] | SWELLING - No swelling (24 weeks) [N=87, 80] | Palpable (24 weeks) [N=87, 80] | Visible (24 weeks) [N=87, 80] | Bulging beyond joint margin (24 week)[N=87,80] | ERYTHEMA - Absent (24 weeks) [N=87, 80] | Present (24 weeks) [N=87, 80] | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 33.6 | 56.6 | 8.0 | 1.8 | 38.1 | 38.9 | 21.2 | 1.8 | 78.6 | 21.4 | 82.8 | 17.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 88.5 | 8.0 | 3.4 | 0.0 | 98.9 | 1.1 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 26.4 | 51.8 | 17.3 | 4.5 | 30.0 | 35.5 | 29.1 | 5.5 | 65.1 | 34.9 | 85.0 | 13.8 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 93.8 | 5.0 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 100 | 0.0 |
The study physician made a global assessment of the patient's response to treatment using a 5-point Likert scale: Very good, good, fair, poor, very poor. The percentage of patients in each category is reported. The physician completed the assessment without viewing any of the patient's assessments (pain intensity [Visual Analog Scale and Likert scale] and patient's global assessment of response to treatment). (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose (randomization), 72 hours post-dose for the last post-baseline flare (during 24 weeks overall)
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very good (Core) [N=113,110] | Good (Core) [N=113, 110] | Fair (Core) [N= 113, 110] | Poor (Core) [N= 113, 110] | Very poor (Core) [N=113, 110] | Very Good ( 24 weeks) [N=87, 79] | Good (24 weeks) [N=87, 79] | Fair (24 weeks) [N=87, 79] | Poor (24 weeks) [N=87, 79] | Very Poor (24 weeks) [N=87, 79] | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 16.8 | 47.8 | 26.5 | 7.1 | 1.8 | 43.7 | 50.6 | 5.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 15.5 | 30.0 | 32.7 | 14.5 | 7.3 | 27.8 | 50.6 | 17.7 | 3.8 | 0.0 |
"Patients met definition of new flare if they had:~Flare in joint, not a previously affected joint (at baseline or during study)~Flare in joint previously affected (at baseline or during study) after previous flare in joint has resolved completely.~Patients did not meet criterion of having new gout flare if:~· Increasing/renewed gout pain in an affected joint before the flare has resolved completely." (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | New flares/patient/12 weeks (Mean) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | 0.21 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 0.53 |
Serum Amyloid A Protein (SAA) levels were determined in blood serum in order to identify the presence of inflammation, to determine its severity, and to monitor the response to treatment. Analytes were measured by a central laboratory. The treatment effect reported for canakinumab arm was for last post-baseline flare after re-treated with canakinumab and for patient which switched to Canakinumab arm was for first post-baseline flare after receiving the first dose of canakinumab. (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 24 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks post-dose for the last post-baseline flare for patients re-treated with canakinumab or first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab for patients switched treatment (during 72 weeks overall)
Intervention | mg/L (Mean) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
24 hours post dose (n= 45, 27) | 72 hours post dose (n=45, 36) | 7 days post dose (n=67, 39) | 4 weeks post dose (n=52, 35) | 8 weeks post dose (n=45, 37) | 12 weeks post dose (n=42, 33) | |
Randomized to Canakinumab and Re-treated With Canakinumab | 151.4 | 42.5 | 5.4 | 31.0 | 4.2 | 10.7 |
Randomized to Triamcinolone and Switched to Canakinumab | 86.5 | 26.9 | 4.9 | 8.5 | 5.4 | 7.8 |
Maximum severity is the maximum Likert score recorded after the start of the flare. Participant scored their current pain intensity in the most affected joint of the gout flare on a 5-point Likert Scale (none, mild, moderate, severe, extreme). It participant had a new flare, they also scored the maximum amount of acute gout pain in the most affected joint since the onset of a new flare on 5 point Likert scale (none, mild, moderate, severe, extreme). (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: Last post-baseline flare (during 24 weeks overall)
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
None | Mild | Moderate | Severe | Extreme | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 0.0 | 0.0 | 14.3 | 77.1 | 8.6 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 0.0 | 2.3 | 16.3 | 60.5 | 20.9 |
Patients scored their pain intensity in the joint most affected at baseline on a 0-100 mm VAS, ranging from no pain (0) to unbearable pain (100). Scores on the 100 mm linear scale were measured to the nearest millimeter from the left. The ANCOVA analysis included treatment group, Baseline VAS score, and body mass index (BMI) at Baseline as covariates. (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose for the last post-baseline flare (during 24 weeks overall)
Intervention | mm (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | 34.6 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 44.9 |
"Patients met definition of new flare if they had:~Flare in joint, not a previously affected joint (at baseline or during study)~Flare in joint previously affected (at baseline or during study) after previous flare in joint has resolved completely.~Patients did not meet criterion of having new gout flare if:~· Increasing/renewed gout pain in an affected joint before the flare has resolved completely." (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | 18.6 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 34.8 |
"Patients met definition of new flare if they had:~Flare in joint, not a previously affected joint (at baseline or during study)~Flare in joint previously affected (at baseline or during study) after previous flare in joint has resolved completely.~Patients did not meet criterion of having new gout flare if:~· Increasing/renewed gout pain in an affected joint before the flare has resolved completely." (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
Intervention | New flares/patient/24 weeks (Mean) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | 0.40 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 0.87 |
Patients scored their pain intensity on a 5-point Likert scale (none, mild, moderate, severe, extreme). Pain was scored at Baseline; at 6 and 12 hours post-dose; and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days post-dose. Complete Resolution of Pain is defined as no pain (None) on the Likert Scale. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of cumulative event rate = percentage of participants with event up to the end of the time interval. (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 7 days post-dose (randomization)
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | 34.5 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 31.3 |
Participant scored their current pain intensity in the most affected joint of the gout flare on a 5-point Likert Scale (none, mild, moderate, severe, extreme). It participant had a new flare, they also scored the maximum amount of acute gout pain in the most affected joint since the onset of a new flare on 5 point Likert scale (none, mild, moderate, severe, extreme). The treatment effect reported for canakinumab arm was for last post-baseline flare after re-treated with canakinumab and for patient which switched to Canakinumab arm was for first post-baseline flare after receiving the first dose of canakinumab. (NCT01029652)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose , 7 days post dose for the last post-baseline flare for patients re-treated with canakinumab or the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab for patients who switched treatment (during 72 weeks overall)
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
None (72 hours post dose) (n=66, 39) | Mild (72 hours post dose) (n=66, 39) | Moderate (72 hours post dose) (n=66, 39) | Severe (72 hours post dose) (n=66, 39) | Extreme (72 hours post dose) (n=66, 39) | None (7 days post dose) (n=65, 35) | Mild (7 days post dose) (n=65, 35) | Moderate (7 days post dose) (n=65, 35) | Severe (7 days post dose) (n=65, 35) | Extreme (7 days post dose) (n=65, 35) | |
Randomized to Canakinumab and Re-treated With Canakinumab | 19.7 | 30.0 | 45.5 | 4.5 | 0.0 | 41.5 | 38.5 | 18.5 | 1.5 | 0.0 |
Randomized to Triamcinolone and Switched to Canakinumab | 20.5 | 61.5 | 15.4 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 57.1 | 34.3 | 5.7 | 0.0 | 2.9 |
Kaplan-Meier estimates of time to first new flare and confidence intervals were determined. For patients with event, time to event = (date of event - date of first dose of study drug + 1). Patients met definition of new flare if they had: •Flare in joint, not a previously affected joint (at baseline or during study) •Flare in joint previously affected (at baseline or during study) after previous flare in joint has resolved completely. Patients did not meet criterion of having new gout flare if: • Increasing/renewed gout pain in an affected joint before flare has resolved completely. (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 weeks
Intervention | Days (Median) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | NA |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | NA |
"Kaplan-Meier estimates of time to first new flare and confidence intervals were determined. For patients with event, time to event = (date of event - date of first dose of study drug + 1).~Patients met definition of new flare if they had:~Flare in joint, not a previously affected joint (at baseline or during study)~Flare in joint previously affected (at baseline or during study) after previous flare in joint has resolved completely.~Patients did not meet criterion of having new gout flare if:~• Increasing/renewed gout pain in an affected joint before flare has resolved completely." (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: From randomization to the end of the second extension period (72 weeks).
Intervention | days (Median) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | 254.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 146.0 |
Kaplan-Meier estimates of the time to complete resolution of self-assessed pain intensity in the joint most affected and the confidence interval was determined. Patients scored their pain intensity on a 5-point Likert scale (none, mild, moderate, severe, extreme). Pain was scored at Baseline; 6 and 12 hours; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days post-dose. (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: Baseline to 7 days post-dose (randomization)
Intervention | hours (Number) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | 144.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | NA |
Kaplan-Meier estimates of the time to at least a 50% reduction in self-assessed pain intensity in the joint most affected at Baseline and the confidence intervals were determined along with 95% confidence interval. Patients scored their pain intensity on a 0-100 mm VAS, ranging from no pain (0) to unbearable pain (100). Scores on the 100 mm linear scale were measured to the nearest millimeter from the left. Pain was scored at Baseline; at 6 and 12 hours post-dose; and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days post-dose. (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: Baseline to 7 days post-dose (randomization)
Intervention | hours (Median) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | 25.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 48.0 |
SF-36 measures impact of disease on overall quality of life (QoL). 36-item survey has 8 subscales that can be aggregated into physical and mental component summary scores. Scores are standardized with the use of norm-based methods based on assessment of the general U.S. population free of chronic conditions. Scores range from 1-100 with a mean=50 and a standard deviation=10. A higher score indicates less impact on QoL. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model was used with treatment group and baseline SF-36 physical function subscore as covariates. (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: Week 12
Intervention | Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | 81.46 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 78.75 |
"The study physician assessed the most affected joint for tenderness on the following 4-point scale:~no pain;~participant states that there is pain;~participant states there is pain and winces;~participant states there is pain, winces and withdraws on palpation or passive movement of the affected study joint.~Data are reported for the last post-baseline flare for participants who were randomized to and re-treated with canakinumab, and for the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab for participants randomized to triamcinolone acetonide and who were switched to canakinumab in extension study 2." (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose and 7 days post dose for the last post-baseline flare for the canakinumab re-treated arm and for the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab in the triamcinolone acetonide arm during the overall 72 weeks.
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
72 hours - No pain [N=56, 38] | 72 hours - Pain [N=56, 38] | 72 hours - Pain and winces [N=56, 38] | 72 hours - Pain, winces and withdraws [N=56, 38] | 7 days - No pain [N=58, 39] | 7 days - Pain [N=58, 39] | 7 days - Pain and winces [N=58, 39] | 7 days - Pain, winces and withdraws [N=58, 39] | |
Re-treated With Canakinumab 150 mg | 51.8 | 37.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 74.1 | 22.4 | 3.4 | 0.0 |
Triam Switched to Canakinumab | 42.1 | 50.0 | 5.3 | 2.6 | 79.5 | 20.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
"The study physician assessed the most affected joint for swelling on the following 4-point scale:~no swelling;~palpable;~visible;~bulging beyond the joint margins.~Data are reported for the last post-baseline flare for participants who were randomized to and re-treated with canakinumab, and for the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab for participants randomized to triamcinolone acetonide and who were switched to canakinumab in extension study 2." (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose and 7 days post dose for the last post-baseline flare for the canakinumab re-treated arm and for the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab in the triamcinolone acetonide arm during the overall 72 weeks.
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
72 hours - No swelling [N=56, 38] | 72 hours - Palpable [N=56, 38] | 72 hours - Visible [N=56, 38] | 72 hours - Bulging beyond joint margins [N=56, 38] | 7 days - No swelling [N=58, 39] | 7 days - Palpable [N=58, 39] | 7 days - Visible [N=58, 39] | 7 days - Bulging beyond joint margins [N=58, 39] | |
Re-treated With Canakinumab 150 mg | 55.4 | 26.8 | 12.5 | 5.4 | 70.7 | 17.2 | 10.3 | 1.7 |
Triam Switched to Canakinumab | 47.4 | 34.2 | 15.8 | 2.6 | 79.5 | 17.9 | 2.6 | 0.0 |
"The study physician assessed the most affected joint for erythema (redness of the skin) as either present, absent or not assessable.~Data are reported for the last post-baseline flare for participants who were randomized to and re-treated with canakinumab, and for the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab for participants randomized to triamcinolone acetonide and who were switched to canakinumab in extension study 2." (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose and 7 days post dose for the last post-baseline flare for the canakinumab re-treated arm and for the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab in the triamcinolone acetonide arm during the overall 72 weeks.
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
72 hours - Absent [N=56, 38] | 72 hours - Present [N=56, 38] | 7 days - Absent [N=58, 39] | 7 days - Present [N=58, 39] | |
Re-treated With Canakinumab 150 mg | 73.2 | 26.8 | 84.5 | 15.5 |
Triam Switched to Canakinumab | 92.1 | 7.9 | 94.9 | 5.1 |
For each new flare, participants scored the maximum amount of acute gout pain in the most affected joint since the onset of the new flare and the time they were re-dosed on a 5 point Likert scale as None, Mild, Moderate, Severe or Extreme. The percentage of participants with a maximum new flare severity of severe or extreme is reported for the first post-baseline flare that occurred during the 12-week core study and for the last post-baseline flare that occurred up until the end of the first extension period. (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: From the onset of a new flare until re-dosing. First post-baseline new flare during 12 week core study and the last post-baseline flare that occurred up until the end of the first extension study (24 weeks).
Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
---|---|---|
First post-baseline flare [N= 12, 37] | Last post-baseline flare [N= 25, 46] | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 66.7 | 64.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 78.4 | 78.3 |
"Participants who had difficulty in tolerating their pain were allowed to take rescue medication after the 6-hour post-dose pain assessments as follows:~Acetaminophen (paracetamol) 500 mg and/ or codeine 30 mg as required. A maximum of 1 g/dose or 3 g/day of acetaminophen and 30 mg/ dose or 180 mg/day of codeine was allowed.~If they had insufficient pain relief, participants were allowed to take a maximum of 30 mg of oral prednisolone as required per day for 2 days followed by up to 20 mg of prednisolone as required subsequent days within 7 days of a gout flare.~Use of these treatments during the first 7 days of a gout flare was recorded as rescue medication." (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: For 7 days after the first dose for the baseline flare and 7 days post-dose for the last post-baseline flare that occurred up until the end of the first extension study (24 weeks).
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
---|---|---|
Baseline flare [N= 112, 114] | Last post-baseline flare [N=25, 46] | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 43.8 | 56.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 57.0 | 41.3 |
Participants made a global assessment of response to treatment using a 5-point Likert scale: Excellent, good, acceptable, slight or poor. Data are reported for the last post-baseline flare for participants who were randomized to and re-treated with canakinumab, and for the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab for participants randomized to triamcinolone acetonide and who were switched to canakinumab in extension study 2. (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose and 7 days post dose for the last post-baseline flare for the canakinumab re-treated arm and for the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab in the triamcinolone acetonide arm during the overall 72 weeks.
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
72 hours - Excellent [N=58, 38] | 72 hours - Good [N=58, 38] | 72 hours - Acceptable [N=58, 38] | 72 hours - Slight [N=58, 38] | 72 hours - Poor [N=58, 38] | 7 days - Excellent [N=56, 39] | 7 days - Good [N=56, 39] | 7 days - Acceptable [N=56, 39] | 7 days - Slight [N=56, 39] | 7 days - Poor [N=56, 39] | |
Re-treated With Canakinumab 150 mg | 41.4 | 32.8 | 12.1 | 13.8 | 0.0 | 51.8 | 26.8 | 10.7 | 7.1 | 3.6 |
Triam Switched to Canakinumab | 36.8 | 39.5 | 21.1 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 51.3 | 33.3 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 0.0 |
Participant scored their current pain intensity in the most affected joint of the gout flare on a 5-point Likert Scale (none, mild, moderate, severe, extreme). (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose and 24 weeks post-dose
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
72 hours - None [N=108, 111] | 72 hours - Mild [N=108, 111] | 72 hours - Moderate [N=108, 111] | 72 hours - Severe [N=108, 111] | 72 hours - Extreme [N=108, 111] | 24 weeks - None [N=79, 70] | 24 weeks - Mild [N=79, 70] | 24 weeks - Moderate [N=79, 70] | 24 weeks - Severe [N=79, 70] | 24 weeks - Extreme [N=79, 70] | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 30.6 | 48.1 | 20.4 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 72.2 | 19.0 | 6.3 | 2.5 | 0.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 18.0 | 45.0 | 27.0 | 8.1 | 1.8 | 67.1 | 25.7 | 7.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
"Participants scored their current pain intensity in the most affected joint of the gout flare on a 5-point Likert Scale (none, mild, moderate, severe or extreme).~Data are reported for the last post-baseline flare for participants who were randomized to and re-treated with canakinumab, and for the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab for participants randomized to triamcinolone acetonide and who were switched to canakinumab in extension study 2." (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose and 7 days post dose for the last post-baseline flare for the canakinumab re-treated arm and for the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab in the triamcinolone acetonide arm during the overall 72 weeks.
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
72 hours - None [N=59, 40] | 72 hours - Mild [N=59, 40] | 72 hours - Moderate [N=59, 40] | 72 hours - Severe [N=59, 40] | 72 hours - Extreme [N=59, 40] | 7 days - None [N=57, 37] | 7 days - Mild [N=57, 37] | 7 days - Moderate [N=57, 37] | 7 days - Severe [N=57, 37] | 7 days - Extreme [N=57, 37] | |
Re-treated With Canakinumab 150 mg | 30.5 | 44.1 | 22.0 | 3.4 | 0.0 | 64.9 | 21.1 | 10.5 | 3.5 | 0.0 |
Triam Switched to Canakinumab | 25.0 | 62.5 | 12.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 59.5 | 35.1 | 5.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
This was primary endpoint of extension study 1. Adverse event is defined as any unfavorable and unintended diagnosis, symptom sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, syndrome or disease which either occurs during the study, having been absent at baseline, or, if present at baseline, appears to worsen. A serious adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that results in death, is life threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect. (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: During 24 weeks overall
Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Adverse event | Death | Serious adverse event | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 78 | 1 | 7 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 65 | 0 | 2 |
"Participants who had difficulty in tolerating their pain were allowed to take rescue medication after the 6-hour post-dose pain assessments as follows:~Acetaminophen (paracetamol) 500 mg and/ or codeine 30 mg as required. A maximum of 1 g/dose or 3 g/day of acetaminophen and 30 mg/ dose or 180 mg/day of codeine was allowed.~If they had insufficient pain relief, participants were allowed to take a maximum of 30 mg of oral prednisolone as required per day for 2 days followed by up to 20 mg of prednisolone as required subsequent days within 7 days of a gout flare.~Use of these treatments during the first 7 days of a gout flare was recorded as rescue medication.~Kaplan-Meier estimates of the time to first intake of rescue medication, in hours, and the confidence interval were determined for the flare experienced at study entry (Baseline flare) and the last new flare (last post-baseline flare) that occurred up until the end of the first extension period (24 weeks)." (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: For 7 days after the first dose for the baseline flare and 7 days post-dose for the last post-baseline flare that occurred up until the end of the first extension study (24 weeks).
Intervention | hours (Median) | |
---|---|---|
Baseline flare [N= 112, 114] | Last post-baseline flare [N=25, 46] | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | NA | 32 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 37.5 | NA |
"Serum Amyloid A Protein (SAA) levels in blood serum were measured by a central laboratory in order to identify the presence of inflammation, to determine its severity, and to monitor the response to treatment.~Data are reported for the last post-baseline flare for participants who were randomized to and re-treated with canakinumab, and for the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab for participants randomized to triamcinolone acetonide and who were switched to canakinumab in extension study 2." (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: 24 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-dose for the last post-baseline flare for the canakinumab re-treated arm and for the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab in the triamcinolone acetonide arm during the overall 72 weeks.
Intervention | mg/L (Mean) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
24-hours post-dose [N=47, 36] | 72-hours post-dose [N=54, 37] | 7 days post-dose [N=56, 39] | 4 weeks post-dose [N=47, 37] | 8 weeks post-dose [N=38, 35] | 12 weeks post-dose [N=38, 29] | |
Re-treated With Canakinumab 150 mg | 129.0 | 45.6 | 5.7 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.4 |
Triam Switched to Canakinumab | 145.9 | 45.4 | 5.9 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 4.8 |
Patient's assessment of gout pain intensity in the most affected joint (on a 0-100 mm VAS) for the last post-baseline flare, ranging from no pain (0) to unbearable pain (100), was summarized up to 7 days after receiving a re-dose of study drug by time point. Scores on the 100 mm linear scale were measured to the nearest millimeter from the left. The covariance analysis included treatment group, Baseline VAS score at that flare, and body mass index (BMI) at Baseline as covariates. (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours; and 4, 5, 6, and 7 days post-dose for last post-baseline flare that occurred up until the end of the first extension study (24 weeks).
Intervention | mm (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6 hours post-dose | 12 hours post-dose | 24 hours post-dose | 48 hours post-dose | 72 hours post-dose | 4 days post-dose | 5 days post-dose | 6 days post-dose | 7 days post-dose | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 57.4 | 50.7 | 46.2 | 42.3 | 37.0 | 31.3 | 29.0 | 28.1 | 24.1 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 59.1 | 53.3 | 43.8 | 34.2 | 26.1 | 23.4 | 21.6 | 20.5 | 19.1 |
Patients scored their pain intensity in the joint most affected at Baseline on a 0-100 mm VAS, ranging from no pain (0) to unbearable pain (100), from 6 hours to 7 days post-dose. Scores on the 100 mm linear scale were measured to the nearest millimeter from the left. The ANCOVA analysis included treatment group, Baseline VAS score, and body mass index (BMI) at Baseline as covariates. (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours; and 4, 5, 6, and 7 days post-dose (randomization)
Intervention | mm (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6 hours post-dose | 12 hours post-dose | 24 hours post-dose | 48 hours post-dose | 72 hours post-dose | 4 days post-dose | 5 days post-dose | 6 days post-dose | 7 days post-dose | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 58.7 | 50.8 | 39.1 | 29.5 | 22.1 | 19.2 | 16.4 | 14.3 | 14.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 60.3 | 52.0 | 45.0 | 38.9 | 31.9 | 27.7 | 25.4 | 22.3 | 19.5 |
"The study physician made a global assessment of the patient's response to treatment using a 5-point Likert scale: very good, good, fair, poor or very poor.~The physician completed the physician's global assessment of response to treatment without viewing any of the patient's assessments.~Data are reported for the last post-baseline flare for participants who were randomized to and re-treated with canakinumab, and for the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab for participants randomized to triamcinolone acetonide and who were switched to canakinumab in extension study 2." (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose and 7 days post dose for the last post-baseline flare for the canakinumab re-treated arm and for the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab in the triamcinolone acetonide arm during the overall 72 weeks.
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
72 hours - Very good [N=56, 38] | 72 hours - Good [N=56, 38] | 72 hours - Fair [N=56, 38] | 72 hours - Poor [N=56, 38] | 72 hours - Very poor [N=56, 38] | 7 days - Very good [N=58, 39] | 7 days - Good [N=58, 39] | 7 days - Fair [N=58, 39] | 7 days - Poor [N=58, 39] | 7 days - Very poor [N=58, 39] | |
Re-treated With Canakinumab 150 mg | 39.3 | 39.3 | 16.1 | 5.4 | 0.0 | 56.9 | 25.9 | 15.5 | 1.7 | 0.0 |
Triam Switched to Canakinumab | 42.1 | 39.5 | 18.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 59.0 | 38.5 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Patients scored their pain intensity in the joint most affected at Baseline on a 0-100 mm VAS, ranging from no pain (0) to unbearable pain (100), at 72 hours post-dose. Scores on the 100 mm linear scale were measured to the nearest millimeter from the left. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analysis included treatment group, Baseline VAS score, and body mass index (BMI) at Baseline as covariates. (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose (randomization)
Intervention | mm (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | 22.1 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 31.9 |
Canakinumab concentration was analyzed in serum by means of a competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay with a lower limit of quantification (LOQ) at 100 ng/mL. (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: 12 weeks post-dose
Intervention | µg/mL (Mean) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | 2.16 |
The percentage of participants who experienced at least 1 new gout flare during the 12 week study treatment period. (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 12
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | 13.4 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 36.8 |
"Patients met definition of new flare if they had:~Flare in joint, not a previously affected joint(at baseline or during study)~Flare in joint previously affected (at baseline or during study) after previous flare in joint has resolved completely.~Participants did not meet the criterion of having a new gout flare if they had increasing/renewed gout pain in an affected joint before the flare had resolved completely." (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
Intervention | new flares per patient (Mean) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | 0.35 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 0.80 |
"Flare rate was calculated as the number of new flares over the period of observation in years. Flare rate was calculated using only those new flares before switching to canakinumab.~Participants met the definition of new flare if they had:~Flare in joint, not a previously affected joint (at baseline or during study)~Flare in joint previously affected (at baseline or during study) after previous flare in joint has resolved completely.~Participants did not meet criterion of having new gout flare if:~• Increasing/renewed gout pain in an affected joint before the flare has resolved completely.~Flare rates were estimated from a negative binomial model with body mass index at baseline as a covariate." (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: From randomization to the end of the second extension period (72 weeks).
Intervention | flares per patient per year (Mean) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | 1.18 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 2.02 |
Participants made a global assessment of response to treatment using a 5-point Likert scale: Excellent, good, acceptable, slight, poor. The percentage of participants in each category is reported. (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose and 24 weeks post-dose
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
72 hours - Excellent [N=108, 108] | 72 hours - Good [N=108, 108] | 72 hours - Acceptable [N=108, 108] | 72 hours - Slight [N=108, 108] | 72 hours - Poor [N=108, 108] | 24 weeks - Excellent [N=79, 72] | 24 weeks - Good [N=79, 72] | 24 weeks - Acceptable [N=79, 72] | 24 weeks - Slight [N=79, 72] | 24 weeks - Poor [N=79, 72] | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 36.1 | 37.0 | 18.5 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 59.5 | 26.6 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 1.3 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 19.4 | 32.4 | 13.9 | 25.0 | 9.3 | 40.3 | 44.4 | 13.9 | 1.4 | 0.0 |
The study physician made a global assessment of the patient's response to treatment using a 5-point Likert scale: Very good, good, fair, poor, very poor. The percentage of patients in each category is reported. The physician completed the assessment without viewing any of the patient's own assessments (pain intensity and patient's global assessment of response to treatment). (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose and 24-weeks post-dose.
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
72 hours - Very good [N= 107, 109] | 72 hours - Good [N= 107, 109] | 72 hours - Fair [N= 107, 109] | 72 hours - Poor [N= 107, 109] | 72 hours - Very poor [N= 107, 109] | 24 weeks - Very good [N=79, 71] | 24 weeks - Good [N=79, 71] | 24 weeks - Fair [N=79, 71] | 24 weeks - Poor [N=79, 71] | 24 weeks - Very poor [N=79, 71] | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 43.0 | 43.0 | 11.2 | 2.8 | 0.0 | 77.2 | 16.5 | 5.1 | 1.3 | 0.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 25.7 | 35.8 | 26.6 | 6.4 | 5.5 | 66.2 | 29.6 | 4.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
"The study physician assessed the most affected joint for: Tenderness on a 0-3 point scale: No pain, patient states that there is pain, patient states there is pain and winces, and patient states there is pain, winces, and withdraws on palpation or passive movement of the affected study joint; Swelling on a 0-3 point scale: No swelling, palpable, visible, and bulging beyond the joint margins; and Erythema: Present or absent. The percentage of participants in each category is reported." (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose and 24 weeks post-dose
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
72 hours - Tenderness: No pain [N=107, 109] | 72 hours - Tenderness: Pain [N=107, 109] | 72 hours - Tenderness: Pain & winces [N=107, 109] | 72 hours - Tenderness:Winces/withdraws [N=107,109] | 24 weeks - Tenderness: No pain [N=79, 71] | 24 weeks - Tenderness: Pain [N=79, 71] | 24 weeks - Tenderness: Pain and winces [N=79, 71] | 24 weeks - Tenderness: Winces/withdraws [N=79, 71] | 72 hours - Swelling: No swelling [N=107,109] | 72 hours - Swelling: Palpable [N=107,109] | 72 hours - Swelling: Visible [N=107,109] | 72 hours - Swelling: Bulging [N=107,109] | 24 weeks - Swelling: No swelling [N=79, 71] | 24 weeks - Swelling: Palpable [N=79, 71] | 24 weeks - Swelling: Visible [N=79, 71] | 24 weeks - Swelling: Bulging [N=79, 71] | 72 hours - Erythema: Absent [N=107, 108] | 72 hours - Erythema: Present [N=107, 108] | 24 weeks - Erythema: Absent [N=79, 71] | 24 weeks - Erythema: Present [N=79, 71] | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 47.7 | 43.9 | 4.7 | 3.7 | 88.6 | 8.9 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 47.7 | 28.0 | 22.4 | 1.9 | 93.7 | 5.1 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 74.8 | 25.2 | 97.5 | 2.5 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 30.3 | 46.8 | 14.7 | 8.3 | 91.5 | 5.6 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 35.8 | 29.4 | 28.4 | 6.4 | 94.4 | 4.2 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 66.7 | 33.3 | 97.2 | 2.8 |
This was the primary endpoint of extension study 2. An adverse event was defined as any unfavorable and unintended diagnosis, symptom sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, syndrome or disease which either occurs during the study, having been absent at baseline, or, if present at baseline, appears to worsen. Serious adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that results in death, is life threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect. (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: 72 weeks
Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Any adverse event | Death | Serious adverse event | |
All Canakinumab | 85 | 1 | 12 |
All Triamcinolone Acetonide | 70 | 0 | 4 |
Canakinumab: After Retreatment | 39 | 0 | 5 |
Canakinumab: Before Retreatment | 44 | 0 | 1 |
Triam: After Switch to Canakinumab | 27 | 0 | 3 |
Triam: Before Switch to Canakinumab | 29 | 0 | 0 |
The study physician assessed the range of motion of the most affected joint for range of motion on a 5-point Likert scale: Normal, mildly restricted, moderately restricted, severely restricted, immobilized. The percentage of participants in each category is reported. (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: 72 hours post-dose and 24 weeks post-dose
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
72 hours - Normal [N=107,109] | 72 hours - Mildly restricted [N=107,109] | 72 hours - Moderately restricted [N=107,109] | 72 hours - Severely restricted [N=107,109] | 72 hours - Immobilized [N=107,109] | 24 weeks - Normal [N=79, 71] | 24 weeks - Mildly restricted [N=79, 71] | 24 weeks - Moderately restricted [N=79, 71] | 24 weeks - Severely restricted [N=79, 71] | 24 weeks - Immobilized [N=79, 71] | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 47.7 | 37.4 | 13.1 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 86.1 | 10.1 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 0.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 28.4 | 45.9 | 20.2 | 5.5 | 0.0 | 97.2 | 2.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
"High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in blood serum were measured by a central laboratory in order to identify the presence of inflammation, to determine its severity, and to monitor the response to treatment.~Data are reported for the last post-baseline flare for participants who were randomized to and re-treated with canakinumab, and for the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab for participants randomized to triamcinolone acetonide and who were switched to canakinumab in extension study 2." (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: 24 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-dose for the last post-baseline flare for the canakinumab re-treated arm and for the first post-baseline flare treated with canakinumab in the triamcinolone acetonide arm during the overall 72 weeks.
Intervention | mg/L (Mean) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
24-hours post-dose [N=48, 36] | 72-hours post-dose [N=56, 38] | 7 days post-dose [N=55, 40] | 4 weeks post-dose [N=46, 37] | 8 weeks post-dose [N=37, 35] | 12 weeks post-dose [N=38, 31] | |
Re-treated With Canakinumab 150 mg | 30.1 | 10.4 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 1.3 |
Triam Switched to Canakinumab | 39.4 | 12.6 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.9 |
High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) were determined in blood serum in order to identify the presence of inflammation, to determine its severity, and to monitor the response to treatment. Analyses were measured by a central laboratory. The analysis included treatment group, log-transformed protein level at baseline, and body mass index (BMI) at baseline as covariates. (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: 72 hours after the first dose for the baseline flare and 72 hours post-dose for the last post-baseline flare that occurred up until the end of the first extension study (24 weeks).
Intervention | mg/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline flare: hsCRP [N=107, 110] | Baseline flare: SAA [N=95, 104] | Last post-baseline flare: hsCRP [N= 22, 42] | Last post-baseline flare: SAA, [N= 19, 39] | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 3.84 | 6.31 | 3.69 | 6.74 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 6.38 | 15.85 | 4.32 | 11.04 |
"Patients who had difficulty in tolerating their pain were allowed to take rescue medication after the 6-hour post-dose pain assessments as follows:~Acetaminophen (paracetamol) 500 mg and/ or codeine 30 mg as required. A maximum of 1 g/dose or 3 g/day of acetaminophen and 30 mg/ dose or 180 mg/day of codeine was allowed.~If they had insufficient pain relief, patients were allowed to take a maximum of 30 mg of oral prednisolone as required per day for 2 days followed by up to 20 mg of prednisolone as required subsequent days within 7 days of a gout flare." (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: For 7 days after the first dose for the baseline flare and 7 days post-dose for the last post-baseline flare that occurred up until the end of the first extension study (24 weeks).
Intervention | mg (Mean) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline flare: Acetaminophen [N=112, 114] | Baseline flare: Codeine [N=112, 114] | Baseline flare: Prednisone/Predinisone [N=112,114] | Last flare: Acetaminophen [N=25, 46] | Last flare: Codeine [N= 25, 46] | Last flare: Prednisolone/Predinisone [N= 25, 46] | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 1375.0 | 27.2 | 9.2 | 2292.0 | 64.8 | 5.6 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 2526.5 | 60.6 | 19.3 | 1541.3 | 65.2 | 18.3 |
"Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimates of the time to first new flare and confidence intervals were determined. Participants met the definition of a new flare if they had:~Flare in joint, not a previously affected joint (at baseline or during study)~Flare in joint previously affected (at baseline or during study) after previous flare in joint has resolved completely.~Participants did not meet the criterion of having a new gout flare if they had increasing/renewed gout pain in an affected joint before the flare had resolved completely." (NCT01080131)
Timeframe: From randomization to the end of the first extension period (24 weeks).
Intervention | days (Median) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | NA |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 146 |
"Blood samples were collected over a 24-hour period (at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 20, and 24 hours), with 0 hour being between 8:00AM to 9:00AM, immediately prior to investigational product (IP) administration. AUC (0-24hr) was calculated using the trapezoid rule, and was normalized by dividing the AUC(0-24 hr) by the actual sample collection interval between 0-hour and 24-hour blood draw times.~Ratio in Serum Cortisol AUC(0-24 hr) = (Serum Cortisol AUC[0-24 hr] at 6 weeks postrandomization)/(Serum Cortisol AUC[0-24 hr] at 1-3 days prerandomization). Log transformation was used for the analysis." (NCT01154153)
Timeframe: 1-3 days prerandomization and 6 weeks postrandomization
Intervention | Ratio (Geometric Mean) |
---|---|
Placebo | 0.938 |
TAA-AQ | 0.898 |
The number of participants using the rescue medication (Claritin®) during the single-blind screening phase (the time from 8-24 days before randomization up to the day before randomization) and during the double-blind treatment phase (the time from randomization to end of study). (NCT01154153)
Timeframe: From 8 to 24 days prerandomization and randomization to end of study (43-50 days postrandomization)
Intervention | Participants (Number) | |
---|---|---|
Prerandomization period | Postrandomization period | |
Placebo | 8 | 24 |
TAA-AQ | 8 | 19 |
Efficacy of treatment was assessed by the physician using a scale from 0-4 for relief levels, where 0 = no relief (symptoms unchanged or worsened than before), 1 = slight relief (symptoms present and only minimally improved), 2 = moderate relief (symptoms are present and may be troublesome, but are noticeably improved), 3 = marked relief (symptoms are greatly improved and although present are scarcely troublesome) and 4 = complete relief (virtually no symptom present). (NCT01154153)
Timeframe: At end of study (43-50 days after randomization)
Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Relief Level 0 (No relief) | Relief Level 1 (Slight relief) | Relief Level 2 (Moderate relief) | Relief Level 3 (Marked relief) | Relief Level 4 (Complete relief) | |
Placebo | 11 | 18 | 16 | 13 | 3 |
TAA-AQ | 9 | 13 | 20 | 17 | 6 |
Efficacy of treatment was assessed by the participant using a scale from 0-4 for relief levels, where 0 = no relief (symptoms unchanged or worsened than before), 1 = slight relief (symptoms present and only minimally improved), 2 = moderate relief (symptoms are present and may be troublesome, but are noticeably improved), 3 = marked relief (symptoms are greatly improved and although present are scarcely troublesome) and 4 = complete relief (virtually no symptom present). (NCT01154153)
Timeframe: At end of study (43-50 days after randomization)
Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Relief level 0 (No relief) | Relief level 1 (Slight relief) | Relief level 2 (Moderate relief) | Relief level 3 (Marked relief) | Relief level 4 (Complete relief) | |
Placebo | 9 | 17 | 16 | 14 | 5 |
TAA-AQ | 5 | 22 | 13 | 16 | 9 |
The percent of days of rescue medication used during the double-blind treatment phase was calculated. For participants who did not use any rescue medication, the percentage of days using rescue medication was set to be 0. (NCT01154153)
Timeframe: From randomization to 43-50 days postrandomization
Intervention | Percentage of days (Mean) |
---|---|
Placebo | 4.02 |
TAA-AQ | 3.07 |
"Every morning, participants rated the severity of symptoms experienced over the previous 24 hours using scale from 0-3, where 0=symptoms absent, 1=mild, 2=moderate, and 3=severe symptoms (interfere with daily living or sleep) for each symptom (nasal congestion, nasal itching, sneezing, and runny nose). The rTNSS was the sum of the individual symptom scores, ranged from 0-12 (where 12 reflected the worst symptoms).~Change from baseline in the rTNSS = mean rTNSS (double-blind treatment phase) - mean rTNSS (screening phase)." (NCT01154153)
Timeframe: From 8-24 days prerandomization up to 6 weeks postrandomization
Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Placebo | -0.22 |
TAA-AQ | -1.07 |
"The primary objective is to assess the ocular safety of 20089 TA (6.9 mg or 13.8 mg)treatment in combination with Lucentis.~The ocular safety endpoints to be assessed include the number of participants with ocular Adverse Events such as: evidence of endophthalmitis, uveitis, ocular hemorrhage, retinal tear or detachment to be assessed during ophthalmic examinations. Elevated IOP as measured by an applanation tonometer at every visit." (NCT01175395)
Timeframe: 360 Days
Intervention | Number-participants with adverse events (Number) |
---|---|
IBI-20089/Lucentis | 0 |
Because of the combination - 20089/Lucentis - treatment, patients may not require monthly Lucentis injections as is the current standard of care practice for AMD. (NCT01175395)
Timeframe: 30 to 360 days
Intervention | retreatments (Median) |
---|---|
IBI-20089/Lucentis | 2 |
Change in volume of peri-articular bone marrow lesions measured on knee MRI on the log scale. Missing data were imputed. (NCT01230424)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 years.
Intervention | log mm^3 (Mean) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 0.9 |
Sodium Chloride | 1.1 |
Change in time (seconds) to complete a twenty-meter walk. Missing data were imputed. (NCT01230424)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 years
Intervention | seconds (Mean) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone Acetonide | -0.3 |
Sodium Chloride | 0.1 |
Change in volumetric cartilage damage index (CDI) measured on knee MRI in the index compartment (compartment with the most damage). Missing data were imputed. (NCT01230424)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 years
Intervention | mm^3 (Mean) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone Acetonide | -133.7 |
Sodium Chloride | -72.4 |
"The response to the question, Considering all the ways your knee affects you, how much pain are you having today?, was measured and the change in the scoring was evaluated. The Patient's Global Assessment (PGA) is measured on a scale of 0 to 100 millimeters. Higher scores represent a higher level of disease activity or a worse global health. Missing data were imputed." (NCT01230424)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 years
Intervention | mm (Mean) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone Acetonide | -2.7 |
Sodium Chloride | -7.6 |
Change in time (seconds) to complete 5 chair stands. Missing data were imputed. (NCT01230424)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 years
Intervention | seconds (Mean) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone Acetonide | -1.1 |
Sodium Chloride | -1.2 |
Mean cartilage thickness was measured on knee MRI (Philips Achieva X-Series 3.0 Tesla scanner). Missing data were imputed. (NCT01230424)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 years
Intervention | mm (Mean) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40mg | -0.21 |
0.9% Sodium Chloride | -0.10 |
"Stiffness subscale score was calculated from patient's responses on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index Likert-type 3.1 Questionnaire. The questionnaire includes 24 items divided into 3 subscales, Pain, Stiffness, Physical Function. Only the Stiffness subscale score was used for this outcome measure. The Stiffness subscale consists of two items, each ranging from 0 to 4, making the total Stiffness subscore 0 to 8. Higher scores represent higher levels of stiffness, whereas lower scores represent lower levels of stiffness.~Missing data were imputed." (NCT01230424)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 years
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone Acetonide | -0.6 |
Sodium Chloride | -0.5 |
"Pain subscale score was calculated from patient's responses on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index Likert-type 3.1 Questionnaire. The questionnaire includes 24 items divided into 3 subscales, Pain, Stiffness, Physical Function. Only the Pain subscale score was used for this outcome measure. The Pain subscale consists of five items, each ranging from 0 to 4, making the total Pain subscore 0 to 20. Higher scores represent higher levels of pain, whereas lower scores represent lower levels of pain.~Missing data were imputed." (NCT01230424)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 years
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone Acetonide | -1.2 |
Sodium Chloride | -1.9 |
"Physical Function subscale score was calculated from patient's responses on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index Likert-type 3.1 Questionnaire. The questionnaire includes 24 items divided into 3 subscales, Pain, Stiffness, Physical Function. Only the Physical Function subscale score was used for this outcome measure. The Physical Function subscale consists of 17 items, each ranging from 0 to 4, making the total Function subscore 0 to 68. Higher scores represent higher levels of difficulty performing daily activities, whereas lower scores represent lower levels of difficulty performing daily activities.~Missing data were imputed." (NCT01230424)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 years
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone Acetonide | -4.1 |
Sodium Chloride | -5.1 |
Change in effusion volume measured on knee MRI on the log scale. Missing data were imputed. (NCT01230424)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 years
Intervention | log mm^3 (Mean) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone Acetonide | -0.1 |
Sodium Chloride | -0.3 |
Change in area of denudation measured on knee MRI in the index compartment (compartment with the most damage). Missing data were imputed. (NCT01230424)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 years
Intervention | mm^2 (Mean) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 0.4 |
Sodium Chloride | 0.4 |
The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is an instrument used to measure a person's subjective quantitative evaluation of an item such as pain intensity. The VAS contains a continuous line between two end points whereby the respondent places a mark on the line to indicate his or her response. In this study, patients scored their pain intensity in the most affected joint of the gout flare on a 0 100 mm VAS. The scale ranged from 0 (no pain) to 100 (unbearable pain). The scores were measured to the nearest millimeter from the left. The LOCF method was used to impute post-dose pain intensity VAS measurements up to 14 days. (NCT01356602)
Timeframe: 14 days
Intervention | Millimeters (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Canakinumab, Pre-filled Syringes (PFS) | 7.9 |
Canakinumab, Lyophilizate (LYO) | 8.2 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 14.8 |
A Likert scale is a type of scale with a range of responses corresponding to an item such as pain. The respondent selects the best response that indicates the respondent's subjective evaluation of the item. Study physicians scored their assessment of the patients' response to treatment on a 5-point Likert scale (very good, good, fair, poor, very poor). (NCT01356602)
Timeframe: 72 hours
Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very good | Good | Fair | Poor | Very poor | |
Canakinumab, Lyophilizate (LYO) | 33.6 | 48.8 | 16.0 | 1.6 | 0.0 |
Canakinumab, Pre-filled Syringes (PFS) | 46.2 | 35.4 | 15.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 21.5 | 33.9 | 23.1 | 14.0 | 7.4 |
The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is an instrument used to measure a person's subjective quantitative evaluation of an item such as pain intensity. The VAS contains a continuous line between two end points whereby the respondent places a mark on the line to indicate his or her response. In this study, patients scored their pain intensity in the most affected joint of the gout flare on a 0 100 mm VAS. The scale ranged from 0 (no pain) to 100 (unbearable pain). The scores were measured to the nearest millimeter from the left. Missing pain intensity data at 72 hours was imputed using the Last-Observation-Carried-Forward (LOCF) method. (NCT01356602)
Timeframe: 72 hours post dose
Intervention | Millimeters (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Canakinumab, Pre-filled Syringes (PFS) | 17.1 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 32 |
The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is an instrument used to measure a person's subjective quantitative evaluation of an item such as pain intensity. The VAS contains a continuous line between two end points whereby the respondent places a mark on the line to indicate his or her response. In this study, patients scored their pain intensity in the most affected joint of the gout flare on a 0 100 mm VAS. The scale ranged from 0 (no pain) to 100 (unbearable pain). The scores were measured to the nearest millimeter from the left. Missing pain intensity data at 72 hours was imputed using the Last-Observation-Carried-Forward (LOCF) method. (NCT01356602)
Timeframe: 72 hours post dose
Intervention | Millimeters (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Canakinumab, Pre-filled Syringes (PFS) | 17.1 |
Canakinumab, Lyophilizate (LYO) | 19.7 |
Patients met the definition of a new flare if they had: a flare in a joint, which was not a previously affected joint (at baseline or during the study), or a flare in a joint previously affected (at baseline or during the study) after the previous flare in that joint had resolved completely according to the patient's perception. Patients did NOT meet the criterion of having a new gout flare if they had increasing/renewed gout pain in an affected joint before the flare had resolved completely. (NCT01356602)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | Particpants (Number) |
---|---|
Canakinumab, Pre-filled Syringes (PFS) | 12 |
Canakinumab, Lyophilizate (LYO) | 12 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 52 |
A Likert scale is a type of scale with a range of responses corresponding to an item such as pain. The respondent selects the best response that indicates the respondent's subjective evaluation of the item. Patients scored their pain intensity in the most affected joint of the gout flare on a 5-point Likert scale (none, mild, moderate, severe, extreme). The scores were measured to the nearest millimeter from the left. The LOCF method was used to impute post-dose pain intensity Likert measurements up to 14 days. (NCT01356602)
Timeframe: 72 hours
Intervention | Percentage of Patients (Number) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
None | Mild | Moderate | Severe | Extreme | |
Canakinumab, Lyophilizate (LYO) | 32.6 | 44.2 | 21.7 | 1.6 | 0 |
Canakinumab, Pre-filled Syringes (PFS) | 35.9 | 45.8 | 15.3 | 2.3 | 0.8 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 23.4 | 36.7 | 21.9 | 14.1 | 3.9 |
Patients used a diary to record the time of intake of rescue medication and the amount taken. (NCT01356602)
Timeframe: 14 days
Intervention | milligrams (mg) (Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Acetaminophen | Codeine | Prednisolone / Prednisone | |
Canakinumab, Lyophilizate (LYO) | 1108.3 | 23.9 | 6.7 |
Canakinumab, Pre-filled Syringes (PFS) | 609.2 | 12.7 | 5.8 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 2323.1 | 60.8 | 24.7 |
The study physician assessed the most affected joint for swelling. Swelling was measured on a 0 - 3 point scale as follows: 0 = no swelling, 1 = palpable, 2= visible and 3 = bulging beyond the joint margins. (NCT01356602)
Timeframe: 72 hours
Intervention | Percentage of Partipants (Number) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
No swelling | Palpable | Visible | Bulging beyond the joint margins | |
Canakinumab, Lyophilizate (LYO) | 55.2 | 25.6 | 17.6 | 1.6 |
Canakinumab, Pre-filled Syringes (PFS) | 60.8 | 26.9 | 10.8 | 1.5 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 51.2 | 15.7 | 24.8 | 8.3 |
"The study physician assessed the most affected joint for tenderness. Tenderness was measured on a 0 - 3 point scale as follows: 0 = no pain, 1 = patient states that there is pain, 2 = patient states there is pain and winces and 3 = patient states there is pain, winces and withdraws on palpation or passive movement of the affected study joint." (NCT01356602)
Timeframe: 72 hours
Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
No pain | There is pain | There is pain and winces | There is pain, winces and withdraws | |
Canakinumab, Lyophilizate (LYO) | 40.0 | 52.8 | 6.4 | 0.8 |
Canakinumab, Pre-filled Syringes (PFS) | 50.0 | 43.1 | 5.4 | 1.5 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 29.8 | 47.1 | 14.0 | 9.1 |
The study physician assessed the patient's range of motion of the most affected joint on a 5 point Likert scale (normal, mildly restricted, moderately restricted, severely restricted and immobilized). (NCT01356602)
Timeframe: 72 hours
Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Mildly restricted | Moderately restricted | Severely restricted | Immobilized | |
Canakinumab, Lyophilizate (LYO) | 44.8 | 40.8 | 12.0 | 2.4 | 0.0 |
Canakinumab, Pre-filled Syringes (PFS) | 50.0 | 37.7 | 11.5 | 0.8 | 0.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 35.5 | 37.2 | 14.0 | 12.4 | 0.8 |
Patients met the definition of a new flare if they had: a flare in a joint, which was not a previously affected joint (at baseline or during the study), or a flare in a joint previously affected (at baseline or during the study) after the previous flare in that joint had resolved completely according to the patient's perception. Patients did NOT meet the criterion of having a new gout flare if they had increasing/renewed gout pain in an affected joint before the flare had resolved completely. Less than 50% of patients had new flares. Therefore, the median time to new flare could not be calculated. (NCT01356602)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | Days (Median) |
---|---|
Canakinumab, Pre-filled Syringes (PFS) | NA |
Canakinumab, Lyophilizate (LYO) | NA |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | NA |
Patients completed diary entries at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours post dose and then daily up to 7 days post-dose and/or daily until resolution of the flare. Kaplan Meier estimate of time to resolution of gouty flare as reported by patient, along with associated 95% confiedence interval, were reported. (NCT01356602)
Timeframe: 14 days
Intervention | Hours (Median) |
---|---|
Canakinumab, Pre-filled Syringes (PFS) | 142 |
Canakinumab, Lyophilizate (LYO) | 120 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 170 |
A central laboratory was used for analysis of all blood samples collected. (NCT01356602)
Timeframe: 72 hours
Intervention | mg / L (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Canakinumab, Pre-filled Syringes (PFS) | 3.65 |
Canakinumab, Lyophilizate (LYO) | 3.37 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 5.2 |
A Likert scale is a type of scale with a range of responses corresponding to an item such as pain. The respondent selects the best response that indicates the respondent's subjective evaluation of the item. Patients scored their response to treatment on a 5-point Likert scale (excellent, good, acceptable, slight, poor). This outcome measure shows the number of patients indicating each score on the scale. (NCT01356602)
Timeframe: 72 hours
Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excellent | Good | Acceptable | Slight | Poor | |
Canakinumab, Lyophilizate (LYO) | 34.8 | 36.5 | 20.0 | 7.8 | 0.9 |
Canakinumab, Pre-filled Syringes (PFS) | 36.0 | 43.2 | 10.4 | 6.4 | 4.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 20.4 | 31.9 | 21.2 | 14.2 | 12.4 |
The study physician assessed the most affected joint for erythema. Erythema was assessed as present, absent or not assessable. (NCT01356602)
Timeframe: 72 hours
Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | |
---|---|---|
Absent | Present | |
Canakinumab, Lyophilizate (LYO) | 82.9 | 17.1 |
Canakinumab, Pre-filled Syringes (PFS) | 88.3 | 11.7 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 68.6 | 31.4 |
Patients used a diary to record the time of intake of rescue medication and the amount taken. (NCT01356602)
Timeframe: 14 days
Intervention | Hours (Median) |
---|---|
Canakinumab, Pre-filled Syringes (PFS) | 11 |
Canakinumab, Lyophilizate (LYO) | 7.5 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 11 |
The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is an instrument used to measure a person's subjective quantitative evaluation of an item such as pain intensity. The VAS contains a continuous line between two end points whereby the respondent places a mark on the line to indicate his or her response. In this study, patients scored their pain intensity in the most affected joint of the gout flare on a 0 100 mm VAS. The scale ranged from 0 (no pain) to 100 (unbearable pain). The scores were measured to the nearest millimeter from the left. Kaplan Meier estimate of time to 50% reduction in baseline pain, along with associated 95% confidence interval, were reported. (NCT01356602)
Timeframe: 14 days
Intervention | Hours (Median) |
---|---|
Canakinumab, Pre-filled Syringes (PFS) | 24 |
Canakinumab, Lyophilizate (LYO) | 25 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 48 |
Patients used a diary to record the time of intake of rescue medication and the amount taken. (NCT01356602)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | Percentage of Particpants (Number) |
---|---|
Canakinumab, Pre-filled Syringes (PFS) | 29.0 |
Canakinumab, Lyophilizate (LYO) | 31.8 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 45.7 |
(NCT01362608)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | hours (Mean) |
---|---|
ACZ885 150 mg | 31.8 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 41.5 |
Physicians will score their response ofrange of motion on a 5-point Likert scale (normal,mildly restricted, moderately restricted, severely restricted and immolbilized). (NCT01362608)
Timeframe: baseline through week 12
Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
baseline normal | baseline mildly restricted | baseline moderately restricted | baseline severely restricted | baseline immobilzed | 72 hours post-dose normal | 72 hours post-dose mildly restricted | 72 hours post-dose moderately restricted | 72 hours post-dose severely restricted | 72 hours post-dose immobilized | 7 days post-dose normal | 7 days post-dose mildly restricted | 7 days post-dose moderately restricted | 7 days post-dose severely restricted | 7 days post-dose immobilized | 4 weeks post-dose normal | 4 weeks post-dose mildly restricted | 4 weeks post-dose moderately restricted | 4 weeks post-dose severely restricted | 4 weeks post-dose immobilized | 8 weeks post-dose normal | 8 weeks post-dose mildly restricted | 8 weeks post-dose moderately restricted | 8 weeks post-dose severely restricted | 8 weeks post-dose immobilized | 12 weeks post-dose normal | 12 weeks post-dose mildly restrcted | 12 weeks post-dose moderately restricted | 12 weeks post-dose severely restricted | 12 weeks post-dose immobilized | |
ACZ885 150 mg | 0 | 3 | 32 | 27 | 5 | 20 | 33 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 35 | 25 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 49 | 12 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 51 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 50 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 0 | 6 | 24 | 39 | 0 | 15 | 19 | 14 | 7 | 1 | 26 | 20 | 15 | 3 | 1 | 25 | 22 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 32 | 18 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 30 | 23 | 6 | 3 | 0 |
Physicians will score their response to pain on a 5-point Likert scale (no pain, pain,pain and winces,pain winces and withdraws and not assessed). (NCT01362608)
Timeframe: baseline 72 hours,7 days 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks post dose
Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline No swelling | Baseline Palpable | Baseline Visible | Baseline Bulging beyond the joint margins | Baseline not assessed | 72 hours post-dose No swelling | 72 hours post-dose Palpable | 72 hours post-dose Visible | 72 hrs post-dose Bulging beyond the joint margins | 72 hours post-dose not assessed | 7 days post-dose No swelling | 7 days post-dose Palpable | 7 days post-dose Visible | 7 days post-dose Bulging beyond the joint margins | 7 days post-dose not assessed0 | 4 weeks post-dose No swelling | 4 weeks post-dose Palpable | 4 weeks post-dose Visible | 4 weeks post-dose Bulging beyond the joint margins | 4 weeks post-dose not assessed | 8 weeks post-dose No swelling | 8 weeks post-dose Palpable | 8 weeks post-dose Visible | 8 weeks post-dose Bulging beyond the joint margins | 8 weeks post-dose not assessed | 12 weeks post-dose No swelling | 12 weeks post-dose Palpable | 12 weeks post-dose Visible | 12 wks post-dose Bulging beyond the joint margins | 12 weeks post-dose not assessed | |
ACZ885 150 mg | 1 | 13 | 29 | 24 | 0 | 38 | 15 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 53 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 60 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 63 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 61 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 3 | 12 | 39 | 15 | 0 | 22 | 15 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 35 | 18 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 40 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 49 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 52 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
Measure canakinumab 150 mg s.c. is superior to triamcinolone acetonide 40 mg i.m. with respect to the time to the first new gout flare in observation period of 12 weeks (NCT01362608)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | Participants (Number) |
---|---|
ACZ885 150 mg | 5 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 17 |
(NCT01362608)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 new flare | 2 new flares | 3 new flares | > 3 new flares | |
ACZ885 150 mg | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 15 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
A higher score indicates greater pain intensity. Based on the distribution of pain VAS scores in postsurgical patients (knee replacement, hysterectomy, or laparoscopic myomectomy) who described their postoperative pain intensity as none, mild, moderate, or severe, the following cut points on the pain VAS have been recommended: no pain (0 - 4 mm), mild pain (5- 44 mm), moderate pain (45-74 mm), and severe pain (75- 100 mm) (NCT01362608)
Timeframe: baseline through 12 weeks
Intervention | unit on a scale (Mean) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
baseline | 6 hours post-dose | 12 hours post-dose | 24 hours post-dose | 48 hours post-dose | 72 hours post-dose | 7 days post-dose | 4 weeks post-dose | 8 weeks post-dose | 12 weeks post-dose | |
ACZ885 150 mg | 72.3 | 53.0 | 41.7 | 30.9 | 22.0 | 17.4 | 10.1 | 9.5 | 6.8 | 6.8 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 74.5 | 58.8 | 51.8 | 48.6 | 43.9 | 36.6 | 24.0 | 17.9 | 16.0 | 13.0 |
Patients will score their response to pain on a 7-point Likert scale (excellent, good ,acceptable, slight,poor,very poor,not done). (NCT01362608)
Timeframe: 72 hours through week 12
Intervention | participants (Number) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
72 hours post-dose excellent | 72 hours post-dose good | 72 hours post-dose acceptable | 72 hours post-dose slight | 72 hours post-dose poor | 72 hours post-dose very poor | 72 hours post-dose not done | 7 days post-dose excellent | 7 days post-dose good | 7 days post-dose acceptable | 7 days post-dose slight | 7 days post-dose poor | 7 days post-dose very poor | 7 days post-dose not done | 4 weeks post-dose excellent | 4 weeks post-dose good | 4 weeks post-dose acceptable | 4 weeks post-dose slight | 4 weeks post-dose poor | 4 weeks post-dose very poor | 4 weeks post-dose not done | 8 weeks post-dose excellent | 8 weeks post-dose good | 8 weeks post-dose acceptable | 8 weeks post-dose slight | 8 weeks post-dose poor | 8 weeks post-dose very poor | 8 weeks post-dose not done | 12 weeks post-dose excellent | 12 weeks post-dose good | 12 weeks post-dose acceptable | 12 weeks post-dose slight | 12 weeks post-dose poor | 12 weeks post-dose very poor | 12 weeks post-dose not done | |
ACZ885 150 mg | 7 | 40 | 14 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 38 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 33 | 13 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 35 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 37 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 3 | 17 | 18 | 11 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 20 | 18 | 7 | 16 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 19 | 14 | 7 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 16 | 18 | 9 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 21 | 21 | 7 | 9 | 0 | 3 |
Patients will score their current pain intensity in the most affected joint of the gout flare on a 5-point Likert scale (none, mild, moderate, severe, extreme). (NCT01362608)
Timeframe: baseline through week 12
Intervention | participants (Number) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
baseline none | baseline mild | baseline moderate | baseline severe | baseline extreme | 6 hours post-dose none | 6 hours post-dose mild | 6 hours post-dose moderate | 6 hours post-dose severe | 6 hours post-dose extreme | 12 hours post-dose none | 12 hours post-dose mild | 12 hours post-dose moderate | 12 hours post-dose severe | 12 hours post-dose extreme | 24 hours post-dose none | 24 hours post-dose mild | 24 hours post-dose moderate | 24 hours post-dose severe | 24 hours post-dose extreme | 48 hours post-dose none | 48 hours post-dose mild | 48 hours post-dose moderate | 48 hours post-dose severe | 48 hours post-dose extreme | 72 hours post-dose none | 72 hours post-dose mild | 72 hours post-dose moderate | 72 hours post-dose severe | 72 hours post-dose extreme | 4 days post-dose none | 4 days post-dose mild | 4 days post-dose moderate | 4 days post-dose severe | 4 days post-dose extreme | 7 days post-dose none | 7 days post-dose mild | 7 days post-dose moderate | 7 days post-dose severe | 7 days post-dose extreme | 4 weeks post-dose none | 4 weeks post-dose mild | 4 weeks post-dose moderate | 4 weeks post-dose severe | 4 weeks post-dose extreme | 8 weeks post-dose none | 8 weeks post-dose mild | 8 weeks post-dose moderate | 8 weeks post-dose severe | 8 weeks post-dose extreme | 12 weeks post-dose none | 12 weeks post-dose mild | 12 weeks post-dose moderate | 12 weeks post-dose severe | 12 weeks post-dose extreme | |
ACZ885 150 mg | 0 | 2 | 25 | 37 | 3 | 0 | 18 | 28 | 17 | 2 | 1 | 28 | 28 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 40 | 19 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 48 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 45 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 39 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 29 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 43 | 17 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 39 | 22 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 41 | 18 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 0 | 3 | 18 | 44 | 4 | 0 | 14 | 26 | 29 | 0 | 2 | 19 | 26 | 21 | 1 | 4 | 20 | 25 | 20 | 0 | 10 | 21 | 20 | 14 | 2 | 12 | 26 | 16 | 9 | 4 | 14 | 29 | 13 | 10 | 0 | 23 | 25 | 10 | 8 | 0 | 24 | 25 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 21 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 25 | 28 | 8 | 1 | 1 |
(NCT01362608)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | percentage (Number) | |
---|---|---|
Baseline flare (n= 29,42) | Last post-baseline flare (n=3,4) | |
ACZ885 150 mg | 43.3 | 75.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 60.9 | 44.4 |
Physicians will score their response of erythema on a 4-point Likert scale (absent, present not assessed and not assessable). (NCT01362608)
Timeframe: baseline 72 hours,7 days 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks post dose
Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline Absent | Baseline present | Baseline not assessed | Baseline not assessable | 72 hours post-dose absent | 72 hours post-dose present | 72 hours post-dose not assessed | 72 hrs post-dose not assessable | 7 days post-dose absent | 7 days post-dose present | 7 days post-dose not assessed | 7 days post-dose not assessable | 4 weeks post-dose absent | 4 weeks post-dose present | 4 weeks post-dose not assessed | 4 weeks post-dose not assessable | 8 weeks post-dose absent | 8 weeks post-dose present | 8 weeks post-dose not assessed | 8 weeks post-dose not assessable | 12 weeks post-dose absent | 12 weeks post-dose present | 12 weeks post-dose not assessed | 12 wks post-dose not assessable | |
ACZ885 150 mg | 19 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 54 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 62 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 63 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 62 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 19 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 57 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 49 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 56 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 61 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Paracetamol / acetaminophen, Prednisolone and Prednisone taken at baseline flare and post baseline flare. (NCT01362608)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | mg (Mean) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline flare Paracetamol / acetaminophen | Baseline flare Prednisolol | Baseline Flare Prednisone | Baseline flare Codeine | Last post-baseline flare Paraceta/acetamin n=4,9 | Last post-baseline flare Prednisolone n=4,9 | Last post-baseline flare Prednisone n=4,9 | |
ACZ885 150 mg | 342.5 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 287.5 | 5.0 | 0.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 451.4 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 0.4 | 222.2 | 4.4 | 0.6 |
Kaplan Meier estimate (NCT01362608)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | hours (Median) |
---|---|
ACZ885 150 mg | 168.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 168.0 |
Kaplan Meier estimate (NCT01362608)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | hours (Median) |
---|---|
ACZ885 150 mg | 24.0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 48.0 |
A higher score indicates greater pain intensity. Based on the distribution of pain VAS scores in postsurgical patients (knee replacement, hysterectomy, or laparoscopic myomectomy) who described their postoperative pain intensity as none, mild, moderate, or severe, the following cut points on the pain VAS have been recommended: no pain (0 - 4 mm), mild pain (5- 44 mm), moderate pain (45-74 mm), and severe pain (75- 100 mm) (NCT01362608)
Timeframe: at 72 hours post-dose
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
ACZ885 150 mg | 18.2 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 37.9 |
(NCT01362608)
Timeframe: 72 hours post dose
Intervention | mg/L (Mean) |
---|---|
ACZ885 150 mg | 5.5 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 7.2 |
Physicians will score their response to pain on a 5-point Likert scale (no pain, pain,pain and winces,pain winces and withdraws and not assessed). (NCT01362608)
Timeframe: baseline 72 hours,7 days 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks post dose
Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline no pain | Baseline pain | Baseline pain and winces | Baseline pain, winces and withdraws | Baseline not assessed | 72 hours post-dose no pain | 72 hours post-dose pain | 72 hours post-dose pain and winces | 72 hours post-dose pain, winces and withdraws | 72 hours post-dose not assessed | 7 days post-dose no pain | 7 days post-dose pain | 7 days post-dose pain and winces | 7 days post-dose pain , winces and withdraws | 7 days post-dose not assessed | 4 weeks post-dose no pain | 4 weeks post-dose pain | 4 weeks post-dose pain and winces | 4 weeks post-dose pain, winces and withdraws | 4 weeks post-dose not assessed | 8 weeks post-dose no pain | 8 weeks post-dose pain | 8 weeks post-dose pain and winces | 8 weeks post-dose pain winces and withdraws | 8 weeks post-dose not assessed | 12 weeks post-dose no pain | 12 weeks post-dose pain | 12 weeks post-dose pain and winces | 12 weeks post-dose pain, winces and withdraws | 12 weeks post-dose not assessed | |
ACZ885 150 mg | 0 | 15 | 31 | 21 | 0 | 23 | 37 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 41 | 23 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 54 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 54 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 0 | 16 | 29 | 24 | 0 | 16 | 26 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 26 | 27 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 30 | 19 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 38 | 19 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 39 | 22 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Adverse events (AEs) were defined as any unfavorable and unintended diagnosis, symptom, sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), syndrome or disease which either occurs during study, having been absent at baseline,or, if present at baseline, appears to worsen. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were defined as any untoward medical occurrences that result in death, are life threatening, require (or prolong) hospitalization, cause persistent or significant disability/incapacity, result in congenital anomalies or birth defects, or are other conditions which in judgement of investigators represent significant hazards. (NCT01470989)
Timeframe: From start of the core studies (CACZ885H2357 [NCT01080131] and CACZ885H2361 [NCT01356602]) up to end of the current study (36 weeks)
Intervention | IR/100 patient-years (Number) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Adverse Events | Non Fatal SAEs | Death | |
Canakinumab 150 mg | 873 | 59 | 2 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 451 | 25 | 2 |
Participant scored their current pain intensity in the most affected joint of the gout flare on a 5-point Likert Scale (none or mild). (NCT01470989)
Timeframe: up to 7 days post-dose
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
---|---|---|
Baseline Flare | Last New Flare | |
Canakinumab Retreatment | 102 | 104 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide- Randomized to Canakinumab Treatment | 72 | 69 |
Flare rate was calculated as the number of new flares over the period of observation in years. New flares occurred before first study medication dose in extension 3 study were considered. (NCT01470989)
Timeframe: From start of the core studies (CACZ885H2357 [NCT01080131] and CACZ885H2361 [NCT01356602]) up to end of the current study (36 weeks)
Intervention | flares (Mean) |
---|---|
Canakinumab 150 mg | 1.109 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40 mg | 2.459 |
"The pain intensity score is measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS), where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine." (NCT01487161)
Timeframe: 8 weeks
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
FX006 10 mg | 47 |
FX006 40 mg | 49 |
FX006 60 mg | 48 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 30 |
"The pain intensity score is measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS), where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine." (NCT01487161)
Timeframe: 8 weeks
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
FX006 10 mg | 35 |
FX006 40 mg | 40 |
FX006 60 mg | 34 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 23 |
The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC®) Osteoarthritis Index is a questionnaire that measures pain, stiffness, and function both independently and collectively, using a Likert 3.1, 5-point scale. The Likert Scale uses the following descriptors for all items: none, mild moderate, severe, and extreme, corresponding to an ordinal scale of 0-4. Higher scores on the WOMAC indicate worse pain, stiffness, and functional limitations. (NCT01487161)
Timeframe: 8 weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
FX006 10 mg | -1.23 |
FX006 40 mg | -1.33 |
FX006 60 mg | -1.16 |
TCA IR 40 mg | -0.96 |
The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC®) Osteoarthritis Index is a questionnaire that measures pain, stiffness, and function both independently and collectively, using a Likert 3.1, 5-point scale. The Likert Scale uses the following descriptors for all items: none, mild moderate, severe, and extreme, corresponding to an ordinal scale of 0-4. Higher scores on the WOMAC indicate worse pain, stiffness, and functional limitations. (NCT01487161)
Timeframe: 8 weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
FX006 10 mg | -1.2 |
FX006 40 mg | -1.2 |
FX006 60 mg | -1.1 |
TCA IR 40 mg | -0.8 |
The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC®) Osteoarthritis Index is a questionnaire that measures pain, stiffness, and function both independently and collectively, using a Likert 3.1, 5-point scale. The Likert Scale uses the following descriptors for all items: none, mild moderate, severe, and extreme, corresponding to an ordinal scale of 0-4. Higher scores on the WOMAC indicate worse pain, stiffness, and functional limitations. (NCT01487161)
Timeframe: 8 weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
FX006 10 mg | -1.37 |
FX006 40 mg | -1.49 |
FX006 60 mg | -1.24 |
TCA IR (40 mg) | -0.99 |
The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC®) Osteoarthritis Index is a questionnaire that measures pain, stiffness, and function both independently and collectively, using a Likert 3.1, 5-point scale. The Likert Scale uses the following descriptors for all items: none, mild moderate, severe, and extreme, corresponding to an ordinal scale of 0-4. Higher scores on the WOMAC indicate worse pain, stiffness, and functional limitations. (NCT01487161)
Timeframe: 8 weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
FX006 10 mg | -1.22 |
FX006 40 mg | -1.31 |
FX006 60 mg | -1.13 |
TCA IR 40 mg | -0.94 |
"The pain intensity score is measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS), where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine." (NCT01487161)
Timeframe: Weeks 1-7 and Week 9 and 11
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Week 5 | Week 6 | Week 7 | Week 9 | Week 11 | |
FX006 10 mg | -2.7 | -3.6 | -3.7 | -3.8 | -3.9 | -4.0 | -3.9 | -3.8 | -3.7 |
FX006 40 mg | -3.0 | -3.9 | -4.1 | -4.3 | -4.3 | -4.3 | -4.4 | -4.2 | -3.9 |
FX006 60 mg | -3.0 | -3.8 | -4.2 | -4.2 | -4.2 | -4.2 | -3.9 | -3.7 | -3.2 |
TCA IR 40 mg | -3.1 | -3.5 | -3.5 | -3.7 | -3.5 | -3.4 | -3.3 | -3.3 | -3.4 |
"The pain intensity score is measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS), where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine." (NCT01487161)
Timeframe: Weeks 8, 10 and 12
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
8 Weeks | 10 Weeks | 12 Weeks | |
FX006 10 mg | -3.9 | -3.8 | -3.6 |
FX006 40 mg | -4.3 | -4.1 | -3.7 |
TCA IR 40 mg | -3.4 | -3.3 | -3.3 |
"The pain intensity score is measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS), where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine." (NCT01487161)
Timeframe: 8 weeks
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
FX006 10 mg | 42 |
FX006 40 mg | 47 |
FX006 60 mg | 45 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 27 |
(NCT01487161)
Timeframe: 8 weeks
Intervention | tablets (1tablet= 500 mg) (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
FX006 10 mg | 1.0 |
FX006 40 mg | 1.0 |
FX006 60 mg | 1.1 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 1.2 |
"The pain intensity score is measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS), where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine." (NCT01487161)
Timeframe: 10 weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
FX006 60 mg | -3.6 |
TCA IR 40 mg | -3.3 |
"The pain intensity score is measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS), where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine." (NCT01487161)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
FX006 60 mg | -3.2 |
TCA IR 40 mg | -3.3 |
"The pain intensity score is measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS), where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine." (NCT01487161)
Timeframe: 8 weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
FX006 60 mg | -3.9 |
TCA IR 40 mg | -3.4 |
The Clinical Global Impression of Change is a scale that the clinician uses to assess the participants' global function and determine if there has been an improvement or not. The clinician selects one response from the response options that gives the most accurate description of the participant's state of health (overall status). This is a 7-point scale, and scores range from 1 (Very Much Improved) to 7 (Very Much Worse). Lower scores indicate better health status. (NCT01487161)
Timeframe: 8 weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
FX006 10 mg | 1.9 |
FX006 40 mg | 1.8 |
FX006 60 mg | 2.5 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 2.6 |
The Patient Global Impression of Change is a scale that aims to evaluate all aspects of participants' (patients') health and determining if there has been an improvement or not. The participant selects the one response from the response options that gives the most accurate description of his/her state of health (overall status). This is a 7-point scale, and scores range from 1 (Very Much Improved) to 7 (Very Much Worse). Lower scores indicate better health status. (NCT01487161)
Timeframe: Week 8
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
FX006 10 mg | 1.9 |
FX006 40 mg | 1.8 |
FX006 60 mg | 2.4 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 2.5 |
Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials - Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Responders are defined as participants with high improvement in pain or function. (NCT01487161)
Timeframe: 8 weeks
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
FX006 10 mg | 52 |
FX006 40 mg | 53 |
FX006 60 mg | 47 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 32 |
(NCT01487200)
Timeframe: Baseline to Days 1-2, Baseline to Days 14-15 (Week 2) and Baseline to Days 42-43 (Week 6)
Intervention | nmol/24h (Least Squares Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Day 1 to 2 | Day 14 to 15 | Day 42 to 43 | |
FX006 10mg | 47.9 | 13.0 | 7.7 |
FX006 40mg | -43.8 | -42.4 | -38.3 |
FX006 60 mg | -50.1 | -59.0 | -13.1 |
TCA IR 40 mg | -58.5 | -14.7 | -21.3 |
The primary pharmacodynamic endpoint was change from baseline (pre-dose) to Day 1-2, Day 14-15 (Week 2) and Day 42-43 (Week 6) in 24-hour weighted mean serum cortisol. This is defined as AUC over the 0-24 hour measurement period divided by 24 (NCT01487200)
Timeframe: Days 1-2, Days 14-15 (Week 2) and Days 42-43 (Week 6)
Intervention | weighted mean serum cortisol (nmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Change from BL to Days 1 to 2 | Change from BL to Days 14 to 15 | Change in BL to Days 42 to 43 | |
FX006 10mg | -7.7 | -11.1 | -9.0 |
FX006 40mg | -42.7 | -33.4 | -18.0 |
FX006 60 mg | -62.2 | -49.5 | -11.8 |
TCA IR 40 mg | -59.0 | -19.7 | -4.8 |
Least square mean difference against TCA IR 40 mg (NCT01487200)
Timeframe: Baseline to Days 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 14, 15, 22, 29, 36, 42 and 43
Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day 2 | Day 3 | Day 4 | Day 5 | Day 8 | Day 14 | Day 15 | Day 22 | Day 29 | Day 36 | Day 42 | Day 43 | |
FX006 10mg | -30.2 | -24.9 | -13.9 | -12.4 | -29.8 | -7.6 | -24.4 | 3.3 | -4.5 | -6.4 | -18.3 | -22.1 |
FX006 40mg | -42.3 | -40.8 | -37.1 | -35.1 | -37.4 | -35.5 | -28.1 | -28.5 | -21.1 | -19.5 | -27.0 | -14.9 |
FX006 60 mg | -78.2 | -80.2 | -77.2 | -73.0 | -61.7 | -40.4 | -46.4 | -14.4 | -6.3 | -3.0 | -19.1 | -13.4 |
TCA IR 40 mg | -85.4 | -86.2 | -73.1 | -49.8 | -8.6 | -27.3 | -8.3 | -11.3 | 0.8 | 11.7 | -21.4 | 3.0 |
Concentrations below the limit of quantification of 50 pg/mL were treated as 0. (NCT01487200)
Timeframe: Day 1 (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours post dose) and Days 3, 4, 5, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36 and 43
Intervention | pg/mL (Geometric Mean) | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 hour postdose | 2 hours postdose | 4 hours postdose | 6 hours postdose | 8 hours postdose | 12 hours postdose | Day 2 (24 hrs post dose) | Day 3 (48 hrs post dose) | Day 4 (72 hrs post dose) | Day 5 (96 hrs post dose) | Day 8 (168 hrs post dose) | Day 15 (336 hrs post dose) | Day 22 (504 hrs post dose) | Day 29 (672 hrs post dose) | Day 36 (840 hrs post dose) | Day 43 (1008 hrs post dose) | |
FX006 10mg | 140.941 | 226.058 | 280.406 | 261.231 | 249.298 | 230.506 | 242.764 | 233.138 | 224.987 | 242.533 | 185.257 | 113.002 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
FX006 40mg | 638.447 | 779.819 | 860.476 | 814.647 | 748.962 | 691.962 | 763.568 | 743.344 | 675.086 | 690.857 | 586.977 | 365.970 | 238.529 | 189.422 | 0.000 | 138.660 |
FX006 60 mg | 862.574 | 1164.013 | 1251.776 | 1182.925 | 1227.658 | 1127.476 | 1309.260 | 1294.042 | 1270.953 | 1252.021 | 1070.823 | 718.787 | 521.843 | 369.683 | 246.176 | 187.435 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 12268.835 | 14243.604 | 16282.659 | 14560.886 | 13543.427 | 10112.863 | 5421.894 | 2371.778 | 1310.061 | 822.243 | 235.938 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
(NCT01487200)
Timeframe: Days 1-2, Days 14-15 (Week 2) and Days 42-43 (Week 6)
Intervention | nmol/24h (Geometric Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Day 1 to 2 | Day 14 to 15 | Day 42 to 43 | |
FX006 10mg | 75.66 | 57.14 | 55.74 |
FX006 40mg | 29.94 | 30.91 | 34.62 |
FX006 60 mg | 29.36 | 26.46 | 51.16 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 18.77 | 36.22 | 36.38 |
Changes of central retinal thickness on optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline and 1, 3, 6 month after injection (NCT01614509)
Timeframe: baseline, 1, 3, 6 months after injection
Intervention | micrometer (Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
at baseline | 1 month after injection | 3 months after injection | 6 months after injection | |
Combined Group | 468.22 | 233.33 | 233.22 | 217.83 |
Monotherapy Group | 510.35 | 291.48 | 265.35 | 246.48 |
Comparison of the additional intravitreal bevacizumab injection of intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy or combined therapy of posterior subtenon triamcinolone acetonide and intravitreal bevacizumab during 6 months (NCT01614509)
Timeframe: 6 months
Intervention | times of injection (Mean) |
---|---|
Monotherapy Group | 0.96 |
Combined Group | 0.44 |
"Evaluation of blood cortisol and ACTH, free urinary cortisol, urinary levels of methylprednisolone or triamcinolone (depending on the administered drug) by RIA immunoassay and tandem mass assays~Persistent suppression of the HPA axis at the end of the follow up is based on the evidence of ACTH, plasmatic and urinary cortisol levels under reference values" (NCT01652495)
Timeframe: 45 days after treatment
Intervention | % of patients with HPA suppression (Number) |
---|---|
Methylprednisolone Acetate Group | 0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide Group | 15 |
"Patients will be evaluated clinically by Constant Score~Constant score: range 0 (total shoulder impairment) to 100 (non impaired shoulder). The score is obtained from two subjective (pain and relation between pain and daily-life activities) - and two objective physician-assessed (strength and range of motion) measurements~Reference: Constant CR and Murley AH. A clinical method of functional assessment of the shoulder. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987 Jan;(214):160-4." (NCT01652495)
Timeframe: 180 days after treatment
Intervention | percentage of improvement Constant score (Mean) |
---|---|
Methylprednisolone Acetate Group | 99 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide Group | 95 |
"VAS score~VAS score is a 10 -cm graduated scale with scores ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable pain) self- reported by patients~Reference: Langley GB and Sheppeard H. The visual analogue scale: its use in pain measurement. Rheumatol Int 1985;5(4):145-148." (NCT01652495)
Timeframe: 180 days after treatment
Intervention | percentage of pain reduction (Mean) |
---|---|
Methylprednisolone Acetate Group | 82 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide Group | 96 |
Pulmonary Functional Status Scale (PFSS-11) , scoring from 0 to 10 with increasing scores indicating an improvement in functioning. Symptom data requiring yes-no answers to whether the symptom is worse today than yesterday : general functioning activities, are collected daily via telemonitor for 14 days. (NCT01670539)
Timeframe: 14 days
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Telemonitor | 3.6 |
Routine Care for Patients With lungCa | 3.2 |
Numeric rating for dyspnea, from 0 to 10 with a lower number being a decrease in dysnea. Symptom data requiring yes-no answers to whether the symptom is worse today than yesterday : dyspnea are collected daily via telemonitor for 14 days. (NCT01670539)
Timeframe: 14 days
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Telemonitor | 3.8 |
Routine Care for Patients With lungCa | 2 |
Changes in weight measured by telemonitor daily over 14 days after hospital discharge (NCT01670539)
Timeframe: 14 days
Intervention | pounds (Mean) |
---|---|
Telemonitor and Routine Care for Patients With lungCa | 161.5 |
Changes in blood pressure measured by telemonitor daily over 14 days after hospital discharge (NCT01670539)
Timeframe: 14 days
Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
---|---|---|
Diastolic | Systolic | |
Telemonitor and Routine Care for Patients With lungCa | 69.5 | 122 |
Changes in temperature measured by telemonitor daily over 14 days after hospital discharge (NCT01670539)
Timeframe: 14 days
Intervention | Degrees Fahrenheit (Mean) |
---|---|
Telemonitor and Routine Care for Patients With lungCa | 97.05 |
Changes in SpO2 measured by telemonitor daily over 14 days after hospital discharge (NCT01670539)
Timeframe: 14 days
Intervention | percentage of oxygen (Mean) |
---|---|
Telemonitor and Routine Care for Patients With lungCa | 93.5 |
Changes in pulse rate measured by telemonitor daily over 14 days after hospital discharge (NCT01670539)
Timeframe: 14 days
Intervention | beats per minutes (bpm) (Mean) |
---|---|
Telemonitor and Routine Care for Patients With lungCa | 93 |
Numeric rating for pain (0 to 10 scale) with a lower number indicating less pain. Symptom data requiring yes-no answers to whether the symptom is worse today than yesterday : pain are collected daily via telemonitor for 14 days. (NCT01670539)
Timeframe: 14 days
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Telemonitor | 2.8 |
Routine Care for Patients With lungCa | 2.8 |
Participants with be given a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain assessment questionnaire which scores the participant's perceived pain on a scale of 0-10 were zero is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable. The scale will be administered during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult. (NCT01692756)
Timeframe: Up to seven days
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Kenalog or Placebo | -3.9 |
Kenalog Then Placebo | -2.2 |
Kenalog Only | -3.6 |
Placebo | -4.3 |
Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure CTXII concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in CTXII concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult. (NCT01692756)
Timeframe: Up to seven days
Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
---|---|
Kenalog or Placebo | 0.32 |
Kenalog Then Placebo | 0.23 |
Kenalog Only | 0.19 |
Placebo | 1.32 |
Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure COMP concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in COMP concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult. (NCT01692756)
Timeframe: Up to seven days
Intervention | μg/mL (Mean) |
---|---|
Kenalog or Placebo | -4.9 |
Kenalog Then Placebo | -21.7 |
Kenalog Only | -11.7 |
Placebo | -22.1 |
The efficacy of Kenalog with be determined using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) instrument. Participants will self-report knee pain and function through the KOOS questionnaire during the initial orthopedic consult and during the pre-op assessment prior to surgery, between 1 and 7 days later. The scale scores range from 100 (no symptoms) to zero (extreme symptoms). (NCT01692756)
Timeframe: Up to seven days
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Kenalog or Placebo | 37.37 |
Kenalog Then Placebo | 18.94 |
Kenalog Only | 30.56 |
Placebo | 28.93 |
Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure GAG concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in GAG concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult. (NCT01692756)
Timeframe: Up to seven days
Intervention | μg/mL (Mean) |
---|---|
Kenalog or Placebo | -73.1 |
Kenalog Then Placebo | 155.8 |
Kenalog Only | -49.0 |
Placebo | -167.4 |
Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure IL-1ra concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in IL-1ra concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult. (NCT01692756)
Timeframe: Up to seven days
Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
---|---|
Kenalog or Placebo | -3352.5 |
Kenalog Then Placebo | -4955.6 |
Kenalog Only | -7278.4 |
Placebo | -6888.5 |
Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure IL-1α concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in IL-1α concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult. (NCT01692756)
Timeframe: Up to seven days
Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
---|---|
Kenalog or Placebo | 4.30 |
Kenalog Then Placebo | 7.68 |
Kenalog Only | 1.77 |
Placebo | 3.11 |
Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure IL-1β concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in IL-1β concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult. (NCT01692756)
Timeframe: Up to seven days
Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
---|---|
Kenalog or Placebo | -1.08 |
Kenalog Then Placebo | 0.75 |
Kenalog Only | -0.28 |
Placebo | -0.19 |
Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure MMP-1 concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in MMP-1 concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult. (NCT01692756)
Timeframe: Up to seven days
Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
---|---|
Kenalog or Placebo | 249.0 |
Kenalog Then Placebo | -183.0 |
Kenalog Only | -395.5 |
Placebo | -100.4 |
Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure MMP-3 concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in MMP-3 concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult. (NCT01692756)
Timeframe: Up to seven days
Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
---|---|
Kenalog or Placebo | 2702.9 |
Kenalog Then Placebo | 504.0 |
Kenalog Only | -512.4 |
Placebo | 1295.9 |
Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure MMP-9 concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in MMP-9 concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult. (NCT01692756)
Timeframe: Up to seven days
Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
---|---|
Kenalog or Placebo | -71.1 |
Kenalog Then Placebo | -28.9 |
Kenalog Only | -17.7 |
Placebo | -14.0 |
Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure TSG-6 concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in TSG-6 concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult. (NCT01692756)
Timeframe: Up to seven days
Intervention | ng/ml (Mean) |
---|---|
Kenalog or Placebo | 68.0 |
Kenalog Then Placebo | 57.6 |
Kenalog Only | 111.4 |
Placebo | -4.9 |
Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure NTX-I concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in NTX-I concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult. (NCT01692756)
Timeframe: Up to seven days
Intervention | µg/mL (Mean) |
---|---|
Kenalog or Placebo | 3.5 |
Kenalog Then Placebo | 0.6 |
Kenalog Only | 2.6 |
Placebo | 5.8 |
"Pain is assessed for average chewing pain intensity using a 100 mm visual analog scale with 0 representing no pain and 100 representing the most intense chewing pain imaginable." (NCT01770912)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks post-treatment
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Lactated Ringers | -26 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | -43 |
Opening and closing sounds (click, course crepitus, fine crepitus) detected by palpation on left, right or both sides of face. (NCT01770912)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 weeks post-treatment
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Lactated Ringers | 3 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 6 |
Opening and closing sounds (click, course crepitus, fine crepitus) detected by palpation on left, right or both sides of face. (NCT01770912)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2 weeks post-treatment
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Lactated Ringers | 1 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 5 |
Opening and closing sounds (click, course crepitus, fine crepitus) detected by palpation on left, right or both sides of face. (NCT01770912)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks post-treatment
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Lactated Ringers | 4 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 5 |
Palpable muscle tenderness of masticatory muscles using ordinal ratings of 0-3 (none, mild, moderate, severe pain to palpation) are summed. A standardized muscle palpation pressure is used at specific locations on each side of the face for a total of 20 locations. The range of possible scores is 0-60. The rating of each muscle palpation site is added for a composite muscle tenderness score. (NCT01770912)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 weeks post-treatment
Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
---|---|
Lactated Ringers | -1 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | -1 |
"Pain is assessed for average chewing pain intensity using a 100 mm visual analog scale with 0 representing no pain and 100 representing the most intense chewing pain imaginable." (NCT01770912)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2 weeks post-treatment
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Lactated Ringers | -30 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | -37 |
"Pain is assessed for average chewing pain intensity using a 100 mm visual analog scale with 0 representing no pain and 100 representing the most intense chewing pain imaginable." (NCT01770912)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 weeks post-treatment
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Lactated Ringers | -33 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | -47 |
Mandibular range of motion is measured in millimeters (mm) of vertical opening between the upper and lower central incisors plus vertical overlap of the incisors. These measures are made for jaw unassisted opening without pain, maximum unassisted opening and maximum assisted opening. Horizontal mandibular range of motion is measured in millimeters (mm) assessed for maximal right and left mandibular lateral movements and mandibular protrusion. A positive value represents an improvement (or larger range of motion) in mandibular opening/lateral movement. (NCT01770912)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 weeks post-treatment
Intervention | mm (Mean) |
---|---|
Lactated Ringers | 6.9 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 7.4 |
Mandibular range of motion is measured in millimeters (mm) of vertical opening between the upper and lower central incisors plus vertical overlap of the incisors. These measures are made for jaw unassisted opening without pain, maximum unassisted opening and maximum assisted opening. Horizontal mandibular range of motion is measured in millimeters (mm) assessed for maximal right and left mandibular lateral movements and mandibular protrusion. A positive value represents an improvement (or larger range of motion) in mandibular opening/lateral movement. (NCT01770912)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2 weeks post-treatment
Intervention | mm (Mean) |
---|---|
Lactated Ringers | 3.9 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 9.7 |
Mandibular range of motion is measured in millimeters (mm) of vertical opening between the upper and lower central incisors plus vertical overlap of the incisors. These measures are made for jaw unassisted opening without pain, maximum unassisted opening and maximum assisted opening. Horizontal mandibular range of motion is measured in millimeters (mm) assessed for maximal right and left mandibular lateral movements and mandibular protrusion. A positive value represents an improvement (or larger range of motion) in mandibular opening/lateral movement. (NCT01770912)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks post-treatment
Intervention | mm (Mean) |
---|---|
Lactated Ringers | 5.3 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 10.0 |
TMJ loading pain is evaluated using ordinal scale ratings of 0-3 (none, mild, moderate, severe pain intensity). (NCT01770912)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks post-treatment
Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
---|---|
Lactated Ringers | -1 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | -2 |
Palpable muscle tenderness of masticatory muscles using ordinal ratings of 0-3 (none, mild, moderate, severe pain to palpation) are summed. A standardized muscle palpation pressure is used at specific locations on each side of the face for a total of 20 locations. The range of possible scores is 0-60. The rating of each muscle palpation site is added for a composite muscle tenderness score. (NCT01770912)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2 weeks post-treatment
Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
---|---|
Lactated Ringers | -2 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | -1 |
TMJ loading pain is evaluated using ordinal scale ratings of 0-3 (none, mild, moderate, severe pain intensity). (NCT01770912)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 weeks post-treatment
Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
---|---|
Lactated Ringers | -1 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | -2 |
TMJ loading pain is evaluated using ordinal scale ratings of 0-3 (none, mild, moderate, severe pain intensity). (NCT01770912)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2 weeks post-treatment
Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
---|---|
Lactated Ringers | -1 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | -2 |
Palpable muscle tenderness of masticatory muscles using ordinal ratings of 0-3 (none, mild, moderate, severe pain to palpation) are summed. A standardized muscle palpation pressure is used at specific locations on each side of the face for a total of 20 locations. The range of possible scores is 0-60. The rating of each muscle palpation site is added for a composite muscle tenderness score. (NCT01770912)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks post-treatment
Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
---|---|
Lactated Ringers | 0 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | -2 |
Intraocular pressure is the fluid pressure inside the eye. Intraocular pressure change from baseline at week 8 was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry. Tonometry is the method eye care professionals use to determine this pressure. Intraocular pressure is typically measured in millimeters of mercury. A higher pressure inside the eye can be a risk factor for developing glaucoma or glaucoma progression leading to optic nerve damage. A negative change indicates a reduction in intraocular pressure. (NCT01789320)
Timeframe: Change from baseline in IOP at 8 weeks
Intervention | mm Hg (Mean) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone Acetonide (Triesence®) | -0.1 |
Central subfield thickness (CST) is a measure of the thickness of the retina in the 1 mm diameter circle centered on the fovea or center of the macular where eyesight is the sharpest. CST change from baseline at 8 and 26 weeks was measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT). OCT is a diagnostic imaging technique used to capture 2 and 3 dimensional images within biological tissue, e.g., for determining the amount of edema contained in the retina. CST is typically measured in microns. A negative change represents a reduction in retinal thickness and an improvement in cases of retinal edema. (NCT01789320)
Timeframe: Change from baseline at 8 weeks and 26 weeks.
Intervention | Microns (Mean) | |
---|---|---|
Week 8 | Week 26 | |
Triamcinolone Acetonide (Triesence®) | -153.7 | -107.0 |
Vitreous haze scale (Nussenblatt 1985 as modified in Lowder 2011). Scores include value 0 (no inflammation), +0.5 (trace inflammation), +1 (mild blurring of the retinal vessels and optic nerve), +1.5 (optic nerve head and posterior retina view obscuration greater than +1 but less than +2), +2 (moderate blurring of the optic nerve head), +3 (marked blurring of the optic nerve head), and +4 (optic nerve head not visible) A higher score indicates a worse outcome. (NCT01789320)
Timeframe: Change from baseline at 8 weeks and 26 weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
---|---|---|
Week 8 | Week 26 | |
Triamcinolone Acetonide (Triesence®) | -0.75 | -0.75 |
Visual acuity (VA) rates a person's ability to recognize small details with precision. Best corrected VA refers to this measurement when the best vision has be achieved following refraction. Visual acuity change from baseline at 8 and 26 weeks was measured following the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) protocol using standardized lighting and lanes and an ETDRS eye chart. This eye chart comprises rows of letters, with 5 letters per row, and with the letter size from line to line varying logarithmically and is used to estimate visual acuity. Visual acuity is scored with reference to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution or logMAR. Zero logMAR indicates standard vision, positive values indicate poor vision and negative values indicate good vision. A negative changes indicates an improvement in visual acuity. (NCT01789320)
Timeframe: Change from baseline at 8 weeks and 26 weeks.
Intervention | logMAR (Mean) | |
---|---|---|
Week 8 | Week 26 | |
Triamcinolone Acetonide (Triesence®) | -0.25 | -0.28 |
To assess the safety of IL triamcinolone acetonide 10 mg/cc and Restylane® in the management of AA. (NCT01797432)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | adverse events (Number) |
---|---|
Combined IL Kenalog and Restylane | 25 |
The primary endpoint of evaluating the efficacy of administration of IL triamcinolone acetonide 10 mg/cc and Restylane® in the management of AA is the alopecia areata half head severity score (AAHHSS) comparing week 12 with baseline hair loss. Four discreet areas of the scalp are examined. The percent of terminal hair loss in each area is measured by visual estimation. Those percent figures are multiplied by the total area on one half of the scalp represented by the four respective areas. 1) Left parietal scalp (18% of area), right parietal scalp (18% of area), frontal scalp (40% of area), and occipital scalp (24% of area). Scores range from 0 to 50, with higher scores indicating more hair loss. (NCT01797432)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Combined IL Kenalog and Restylane | -17.75 |
Any adverse event reported by the study participant during the four time points studied in the trial in either arm will be recorded. (NCT01830699)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
Intervention | participants (Number) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone (Kenalog) | 3 |
Rilonacept | 8 |
The QuickDASH will be used as the primary outcome to assess improvement in pain and function of patients with clinical symptoms and signs of subacromial bursitis randomized to either rilonacept vs. corticosteroid injection. The QuickDASH is an 11 question form, a short version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (DASH). It ranges from 0 (no symptoms/full function) to 100 (maximal symptoms/no function). No units are specified. Cutoff scores: < 15 = no problem, 16 - 40 = problem, but working, > 40 = unable to work. US population mean +/- SD is 10.1 +/- 14.7. (NCT01830699)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone (Kenalog) | 15.92 |
Rilonacept | 38.52 |
Secondary outcomes are improvement in pain (as assessed by patient self report, range between 0 and 10, with 0 as no pain and 10 described as the worst pain in their life). (NCT01830699)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone (Kenalog) | 2.27 |
Rilonacept | 3.85 |
Incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs) including the presence and degree of skin atrophy, as well as incidence of treatment-emergent laboratory abnormalities. (NCT01898806)
Timeframe: 48 weeks
Intervention | adverse events (Number) |
---|---|
All Participants | 0 |
The mean acetaminophen use post surgery in milligrams(mg). (NCT01995045)
Timeframe: Post Surgery (Up to 24 hours)
Intervention | milligrams (Mean) |
---|---|
Bupivicaine & Triamcinolone | 819 |
Salt Solution, Bupivacaine, and Cefazolin | 962 |
The mean hydrocodone use post surgery in milligrams(mg). (NCT01995045)
Timeframe: Post Surgery (Up to 24 hours)
Intervention | milligrams (Mean) |
---|---|
Bupivicaine & Triamcinolone | .7 |
Salt Solution, Bupivacaine, and Cefazolin | 2.8 |
The mean oxycodone use post surgery in milligrams(mg). (NCT01995045)
Timeframe: Post Surgery (Up to 24 hours)
Intervention | milligrams (Mean) |
---|---|
Bupivicaine & Triamcinolone | 6.7 |
Salt Solution, Bupivacaine, and Cefazolin | 9.0 |
The mean pain score assessed by the Visual Analog Pain Scale ranging from 0-10; 10 being the worst possible pain. (NCT01995045)
Timeframe: Post-Operative Day 1 (Up to 24 hours)
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Bupivicaine & Triamcinolone | 2.9 |
Salt Solution, Bupivacaine, and Cefazolin | 3.8 |
"Plasma Drug Concentration Population. Analyses of plasma drug concentrations were performed using the Plasma Drug Concentration Population.~Values recorded as lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) (< 10 pg/mL) were counted as half the value below limit of quantification (BLQ)." (NCT02003365)
Timeframe: Weeks 6, 12, 16 and 20
Intervention | pg/mL (Geometric Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Week 6 | Week 12 | Week 16 | Week 20 | |
FX006 10 mg | 26.5 | 6.6 | NA | NA |
FX006 40 mg | 100.1 | 8.9 | 26.4 | 10.1 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 21.1 | 9.4 | NA | NA |
"Analyses of synovial fluid drug concentrations were performed using the Synovial Fluid Drug Concentration Population.~Values recorded as lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) (< 50 pg/mL) were counted as half the value below limit of quantification (BLQ)." (NCT02003365)
Timeframe: 12 to 20 weeks
Intervention | pg/mL (Geometric Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Week 12 | Week 16 | Week 20 | |
FX006 10 mg | 477.5 | NA | NA |
FX006 40 mg | 923.7 | 224.3 | 33.3 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 250.1 | NA | NA |
Members of both study groups completed the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain assessment both prior for anticipated pain and after injection for actual pain; these recorded scores were the primary study endpoint and were later compared to determine the difference in anticipated pain versus actual pain experienced. The VAS ranges from 0-10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is worst possible pain. The outcome measure is the mean anticipated pain minus the actual pain experienced. (NCT02084706)
Timeframe: Our outcome measure was collected within the 60 seconds before and following the steroid injection.
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone (20 g) and 2% Lidocaine Injection Over A1 Pulley | 1.6 |
J-tip Lidocaine Administration, Then Steroid Injection | 2.8 |
"The percentage of participants who reported ≥50% pain reduction on the numeric rating score for pain at the 1 month follow-up assessment period.~Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain consists of a range where 0 (is no pain) and 10 (is extreme pain).~Percentage of participants with pain reduction = 100% (number of participants with pain reduction/all participants)" (NCT02095197)
Timeframe: 1 month
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
---|---|
No Catheter Delivery | 60 |
Catheter Targeted Delivery | 72 |
The Medication Quantification Scale was designed as a method of quantifying different drug regimens (Harden et al, Journal of Pain, 2005). The detriment weights derived from the healthcare survey for each of the 22 medication classes are the critical values that when multiplied by a dosage score it gives a patient MQS score. It computes a single numeric value for a patient's pain medication profile. We recorded the names and doses of each medication being used then quantified the total burden of each subject's medication using the MQS-III. which assigns a measurement to each drug based on both the dose taken and its burdensomeness (derived from expert consensus). (NCT02095197)
Timeframe: 1 month
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
No Catheter Delivery | 13 |
Catheter Targeted Delivery | 9 |
This questionnaire has been designed to give us information to how neck pain has affected the ability to manage in everyday life. There are ten sections, 0 to 5 rating scale, in which zero means 'No pain' and 5 means 'Worst imaginable pain'. All the points can be summed to a total score. The maximum points scored is 50. The reported score divided by 50 is then transformed to a percentage score by multiplying by 100. The Minimum dectectable change (90 % confidence) is 5 points or 10 percent. (NCT02095197)
Timeframe: 1 month
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
No Catheter Delivery | 23 |
Catheter Targeted Delivery | 24 |
"PGIC is a 7 point scale depicting a patient's rating of overall improvement. Patients rate their change as:~1=Very Much Improved, 2=Much Improved, 3=Minimally Improved, 4=No Change, 5=Minimally Worse, 6=Much Worse, 7=Very Much Worse.~A PGIC score less than 3 means the patient reported much improved to very much improved." (NCT02095197)
Timeframe: 1 month
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
No Catheter Delivery | 22 |
Catheter Targeted Delivery | 24 |
The level of pain intensity is quantified using a standard 0-10 Numerical Rating Scale with 10 being the most severe pain intensity and 0 the absence of pain. (NCT02120261)
Timeframe: 2 weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
TPI With Normal Saline | 4.29 |
TPI With Lidocaine & Triamcinolone Acetonide | 4.14 |
If the patient experienced pain relief with the trigger point injection and the pain came back later, the number of days after the injection at which the pain had returned was recorded. (NCT02120261)
Timeframe: 16 days
Intervention | days (Median) |
---|---|
TPI With Normal Saline | 3 |
TPI With Lidocaine & Triamcinolone Acetonide | 1 |
The level of pain intensity is quantified using a standard 0-10 Numerical Rating Scale with 10 being the most severe pain intensity and 0 the absence of pain. (NCT02120261)
Timeframe: baseline
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
TPI With Normal Saline | 7.69 |
TPI With Lidocaine & Triamcinolone Acetonide | 7.44 |
The level of pain intensity is quantified using a standard 0-10 Numerical Rating Scale with 10 being the most severe pain intensity and 0 the absence of pain. (NCT02120261)
Timeframe: at discharge (a few minutes after receiving intervention)
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
TPI With Normal Saline | 1.52 |
TPI With Lidocaine & Triamcinolone Acetonide | 1.76 |
Change in shoulder pain reported by the subject after injection at 6 weeks. The subject will report shoulder pain on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximal pain) after injection. A 2 point change is expected. (NCT02242630)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Methylprednisolone, 20 mg | 1.0 |
Methylprednisolone, 40 mg | 1.8 |
Triamcinolone, 20 mg | 1.9 |
Triamcinolone, 40 mg | 1.8 |
The primary outcome of this study will be to compare the dose and type of intrabursal corticosteroid received to improvements in a functional measure of the shoulder, the QuickDASH. The QuickDASH is a validated questionnaire of shoulder function consisting of 11 questions with a score from 100 (maximal dysfunction) to 0 (no dysfunction). It is expected that improvements will lead to at least a 10 point improvement (minimal clinically important difference) (NCT02242630)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Methylprednisolone, 20 mg | 19.2 |
Methylprednisolone, 40 mg | 21.3 |
Triamcinolone, 20 mg | 19.1 |
Triamcinolone, 40 mg | 24.7 |
total oxidative capacity was assessed in whole unstimulated saliva by ezyme-linked immunosorbent assay (umol/L) at 1 month after treatment (NCT02329600)
Timeframe: one month after treatment
Intervention | umol/L (Mean) |
---|---|
Control Subjects | 6.37 |
OLP and Corticosteroid | 58.41 |
OLP and Corticosteroid and Green Tea | 23.27 |
pain was assessed by visual analogue scale (1-10) 1 indicates better and 10 worse, 1 month after treatment (NCT02329600)
Timeframe: one month after treatment
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Control Subjects | 0 |
OLP and Corticosteroid | 4 |
OLP and Corticosteroid and Green Tea | 4.4 |
(NCT02357459)
Timeframe: Weeks 1-24
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Week 5 | Week 6 | Week 7 | Week 8 | Week 9 | Week 10 | Week 11 | Week 12 | Week 13 | Week 14 | Week 15 | Week 16 | Week 17 | Week 18 | Week 19 | Week 20 | Week 21 | Week 22 | Week 23 | Week 24 | |
FX006 32 mg | 39 | 73 | 81 | 86 | 85 | 92 | 97 | 97 | 91 | 87 | 83 | 80 | 79 | 76 | 73 | 71 | 69 | 66 | 64 | 60 | 56 | 56 | 51 | 47 |
Placebo | 21 | 37 | 40 | 47 | 51 | 51 | 49 | 53 | 55 | 57 | 60 | 56 | 57 | 54 | 55 | 59 | 59 | 52 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 52 | 54 | 49 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 57 | 67 | 77 | 80 | 80 | 84 | 85 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 80 | 75 | 77 | 72 | 70 | 70 | 67 | 66 | 67 | 62 | 61 | 57 | 63 | 56 |
"The pain intensity score is measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS), where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine." (NCT02357459)
Timeframe: Weeks 1-24
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Week 5 | Week 6 | Week 7 | Week 8 | Week 9 | Week 10 | Week 11 | Week 12 | Week 13 | Week 14 | Week 15 | Week 16 | Week 17 | Week 18 | Week 19 | Week 20 | Week 21 | Week 22 | Week 23 | Week 24 | |
FX006 32 mg | 66 | 99 | 109 | 107 | 106 | 113 | 112 | 109 | 107 | 107 | 107 | 103 | 97 | 95 | 88 | 91 | 84 | 81 | 86 | 84 | 82 | 79 | 77 | 70 |
Placebo | 42 | 63 | 61 | 64 | 69 | 73 | 75 | 74 | 79 | 78 | 78 | 80 | 81 | 80 | 79 | 81 | 82 | 75 | 78 | 79 | 76 | 74 | 79 | 74 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 81 | 96 | 101 | 108 | 109 | 111 | 112 | 107 | 109 | 109 | 105 | 104 | 106 | 100 | 97 | 97 | 86 | 93 | 88 | 87 | 83 | 78 | 84 | 74 |
"The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a participant (patient)-reported outcome measurement instrument, developed to assess the patient's opinion about their knee and associated problems. The KOOS evaluates both short-term and long-term consequences of knee injury and also consequences of primary osteoarthritis (OA). It holds 42 items in five separately scored subscales: KOOS Pain, KOOS Symptoms, Function in daily living (KOOS ADL), Function in Sport and Recreation (KOOS Sport/Rec), and knee-related Quality of Life (KOOS QOL).~A Likert scale is used and all items have five possible answer options scored from 0 (No Problems) to 4 (Extreme Problems). Each of the five scores is calculated as the sum of the items included. Scores are transformed to a 0-100 scale, with zero representing extreme knee problems and 100 representing no knee problems as is common in orthopaedic assessment scales and generic measures. Higher scores indicate better quality of life." (NCT02357459)
Timeframe: Weeks 4, 8, 12, and 24
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Week 4 | Week 8 | Week 12 | Week 24 | |
FX006 32 mg | 23.50 | 23.30 | 21.19 | 11.95 |
Placebo | 8.93 | 10.70 | 12.22 | 10.25 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 15.60 | 18.02 | 15.77 | 11.44 |
(NCT02357459)
Timeframe: Weeks 1-24
Intervention | tablets (1 tablet = 500 mg) (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Week1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Week 5 | Week 6 | Week 7 | Week 8 | Week 9 | Week 10 | Week 11 | Week 12 | Week 13 | Week 14 | Week 15 | Week 16 | Week 17 | Week 18 | Week 19 | Week 20 | Week 21 | Week 22 | Week 23 | Week 24 | |
FX006 32 mg | 1.01 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.58 | 0.60 | 0.56 | 0.60 | 0.63 | 0.66 | 0.67 | 0.73 | 0.62 | 0.68 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.71 | 0.82 | 0.87 | 0.71 | 0.69 | 0.92 | 0.98 | 0.94 | 0.95 |
Placebo | 1.31 | 1.39 | 1.35 | 1.28 | 1.21 | 1.24 | 1.19 | 1.24 | 1.11 | 1.21 | 1.12 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.18 | 1.25 | 1.15 | 1.17 | 1.15 | 1.23 | 1.22 | 1.23 | 1.21 | 1.20 | 1.18 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 1.10 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 0.90 | 0.83 | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.85 | 0.91 | 1.01 | 0.89 | 0.93 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.90 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 1.08 | 0.98 | 0.94 | 1.02 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 1.04 |
The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC®) Osteoarthritis Index is a questionnaire that measures pain, stiffness, and function both independently and collectively, using a Likert 3.1, 5-point scale. The Likert Scale uses the following descriptors for all items: none, mild moderate, severe, and extreme, corresponding to an ordinal scale of 0-4. Higher scores on the WOMAC indicate worse pain, stiffness, and functional limitations. (NCT02357459)
Timeframe: Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Week 4 | Week 8 | Week 12 | Week 16 | Week 20 | Week 24 | |
FX006 32 mg | -1.10 | -1.02 | -0.88 | -0.67 | -0.61 | -0.63 |
Placebo | -0.50 | -0.48 | -0.50 | -0.54 | -0.51 | -0.49 |
TCA IR 40 mg | -0.87 | -0.81 | -0.70 | -0.64 | -0.60 | -0.56 |
Time to onset of pain relief is defined as the time from administration of study drug to the first daily pain assessment showing >30% improvement from the weekly mean of the ADP scores at baseline (NCT02357459)
Timeframe: Baseline to >30% improvement (measured up to 30 days)
Intervention | days (Median) |
---|---|
FX006 32 mg | 4 |
Placebo | 11 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 3 |
"The pain intensity score is measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS), where ) indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine." (NCT02357459)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 Weeks
Intervention | ADP Pain Scores * Week (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
FX006 32mg | -247.3 |
Placebo | -145.3 |
"The pain intensity score is measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS), where ) indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine." (NCT02357459)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 Weeks
Intervention | ADP Pain Scores * Week (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
FX006 32 mg | -247.3 |
TCA IR 40 mg | -231.9 |
"The pain intensity score is measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS), where ) indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine." (NCT02357459)
Timeframe: Baseline to 24 Weeks
Intervention | ADP Pain Scores * Week (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
FX006 32mg | -432.5 |
Placebo | -297.0 |
"The pain intensity score is measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS), where ) indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine." (NCT02357459)
Timeframe: Baseline through 12 Weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
FX006 32 mg | -3.12 |
TCA IR 40 mg | -2.86 |
"The pain intensity score is measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS), where ) indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine." (NCT02357459)
Timeframe: Weeks 1-11 & Weeks 13-24
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Week 5 | Week 6 | Week 7 | Week 8 | Week 9 | Week 10 | Week 11 | Week 13 | Week 14 | Week 15 | Week 16 | Week 17 | Week 18 | Week 19 | Week 20 | Week 21 | Week 22 | Week 23 | Week 24 | |
FX006 32 mg | -1.9 | -2.95 | -3.20 | -3.23 | -3.34 | -3.48 | -3.48 | -3.48 | -3.45 | -3.31 | -3.21 | -2.96 | -2.91 | -2.84 | -2.73 | -2.66 | -2.60 | -2.57 | -2.44 | -2.27 | -2.18 | -2.14 | -1.99 |
Placebo | -1.04 | -1.61 | -1.66 | -1.84 | -1.87 | -1.95 | -2.01 | -1.96 | -2.06 | -2.08 | -2.13 | -2.21 | -2.18 | -2.12 | -2.22 | -2.18 | -2.13 | -2.19 | -2.18 | -2.16 | -2.20 | -2.12 | -2.16 |
TCA IR 40 mg | -2.13 | -2.69 | -2.93 | -3.11 | -3.11 | -3.20 | -3.03 | -3.04 | -3.06 | -3.07 | -3.01 | -2.87 | -2.73 | -2.75 | -2.67 | -2.57 | -2.55 | -2.48 | -2.46 | -2.27 | -2.29 | -2.30 | -2.18 |
"The pain intensity score is measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS), where ) indicates no pain and 10 indicates pain as bad as you can imagine." (NCT02357459)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 Weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
FX006 32mg | -3.12 |
Placebo | -2.14 |
The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC®) Osteoarthritis Index is a questionnaire that measures pain, stiffness, and function both independently and collectively, using a Likert 3.1, 5-point scale. The Likert Scale uses the following descriptors for all items: none, mild moderate, severe, and extreme, corresponding to an ordinal scale of 0-4. Higher scores on the WOMAC indicate worse pain, stiffness, and functional limitations. (NCT02357459)
Timeframe: Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Week 4 | Week 8 | Week 12 | Week 16 | Week 20 | Week 24 | |
FX006 32 mg | -1.11 | -1.09 | -0.93 | -0.69 | -0.65 | -0.59 |
Placebo | -0.51 | -0.53 | -0.56 | -0.59 | -0.56 | -0.51 |
TCA IR 40 mg | -0.87 | -0.80 | -0.72 | -0.62 | -0.57 | -0.54 |
The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC®) Osteoarthritis Index is a questionnaire that measures pain, stiffness, and function both independently and collectively, using a Likert 3.1, 5-point scale. The Likert Scale uses the following descriptors for all items: none, mild moderate, severe, and extreme, corresponding to an ordinal scale of 0-4. Higher scores on the WOMAC indicate worse pain, stiffness, and functional limitations. (NCT02357459)
Timeframe: Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Week 4 | Week 8 | Week 12 | Week 16 | Week 20 | Week 24 | |
FX006 32 mg | -1.23 | -1.24 | -1.03 | -0.80 | -0.66 | -0.67 |
Placebo | -0.51 | -0.54 | -0.59 | -0.64 | -0.64 | -0.58 |
TCA IR 40 mg | -1.00 | -0.92 | -0.80 | -0.71 | -0.58 | -0.57 |
The Pain Interference score was constructed by averaging the individual interference question scores from the brief pain inventory questionnaire (adding scores from questions 9A-9G and dividing by 7). The questions assess how, during the past 24 hours, pain has interfered with general anxiety (9A), mood (9B), walking ability (9C), normal work (9D), relations with other people (9E), sleep (9F), and enjoyment of life (9G). Each question is scored on a scale from 0 (does not interfere) to 10 (completely interferes). Thus, a lower value represents a better outcome. The difference between pain interference at 1 month and the pain interference at baseline was calculated. Positive numbers indicate the pain severity increased from baseline to 1 month and negative numbers indicates that the severity of the pain decreased. (NCT02369068)
Timeframe: Baseline and One Month
Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
---|---|
Onabotulinumtoxin A | -0.14 |
Kenalog | -0.36 |
The Pain Interference score was constructed by averaging the individual interference question scores from the brief pain inventory questionnaire (adding together scores for questions 9A-9G and dividing by 7). The questions assess how, during the past 24 hours, pain has interfered with general anxiety (9A), mood (9B), walking ability (9C), normal work (9D), relations with other people (9E), sleep (9F), and enjoyment of life (9G). Each question is scored on a scale from 0 (does not interfere) to 10 (completely interferes). Thus, a lower value represents a better outcome. The difference between pain interference at 6 months and the pain interference at baseline was calculated. Positive numbers indicate the pain severity increased from baseline to 6 months and negative numbers indicates that the severity of the pain decreased. (NCT02369068)
Timeframe: Baseline and Six months
Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
---|---|
Onabotulinumtoxin A | -0.71 |
Kenalog | -1.14 |
Pain severity was constructed by averaging questions 3,4,5 and 6 of the brief pain inventory questionnaire (adding scores together and dividing by 4). Each question is on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as you can imagine). Thus, lower numbers represent a better outcome. The difference between pain severity at 6 months and the pain severity at baseline was calculated. Positive numbers indicate the pain severity increased from baseline to 6 months and negative numbers indicates that the severity of the pain decreased. (NCT02369068)
Timeframe: Baseline and Six Months
Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
---|---|
Onabotulinumtoxin A | 0.0 |
Kenalog | -1.25 |
Pain severity was constructed by averaging questions 3,4,5 and 6 of the brief pain inventory questionnaire (adding scores together and dividing by 4). Each question is on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as you can imagine). Thus, lower numbers represent a better outcome. The difference between pain severity at 1 month and the pain severity at baseline was calculated. Positive numbers indicate the pain severity increased from baseline to 1 month and negative numbers indicates that the severity of the pain decreased. (NCT02369068)
Timeframe: Baseline and One Month
Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
---|---|
Onabotulinumtoxin A | -0.03 |
Kenalog | -0.88 |
The Pain Interference score was constructed by averaging the individual interference question scores from the brief pain inventory questionnaire (adding scores together for questions 9A-9G and dividing by 7). The questions assess how, during the past 24 hours, pain has interfered with general anxiety (9A), mood (9B), walking ability (9C), normal work (9D), relations with other people (9E), sleep (9F), and enjoyment of life (9G). Each question is scored on a scale from 0 (does not interfere) to 10 (completely interferes). Thus, a lower value represents a better outcome. The difference between pain interference at 3 months and the pain interference at baseline was calculated. Positive numbers indicate the pain severity increased from baseline to 3 months and negative numbers indicates that the severity of the pain decreased. (NCT02369068)
Timeframe: Baseline and Three months
Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
---|---|
Onabotulinumtoxin A | -0.21 |
Kenalog | -1.0 |
Pain severity was constructed by averaging questions 3,4,5 and 6 of the brief pain inventory questionnaire (adding scores and dividing by 4). Each question is on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as you can imagine). Thus, lower numbers represent a better outcome. The difference between pain severity at 3 months and the pain severity at baseline was calculated. Positive numbers indicate the pain severity increased from baseline to 3 months and negative numbers indicates that the severity of the pain decreased. (NCT02369068)
Timeframe: Baseline and Three Months
Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
---|---|
Onabotulinumtoxin A | 0.25 |
Kenalog | -0.37 |
The visual analog scale asks subjects to rate their level of pain on a scale from 0-10, with 0 being 'No pain' and 10 being 'Worst pain imaginable', hence lower scores are better. The baseline and follow-up visual analog scale for pain was obtained at every visit regardless if the patient received Trigger Point Injections. The difference between visual analog scale at 1 month and the visual analog scale at baseline was calculated. Positive numbers indicate the pain increased from baseline to 1 month and negative numbers indicates that pain decreased. (NCT02369068)
Timeframe: Baseline and One Month
Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
---|---|
Onabotulinumtoxin A | -2 |
Kenalog | -1 |
The visual analog scale asks subjects to rate their level of pain on a scale from 0-10, with 0 being 'No pain' and 10 being 'Worst pain imaginable', hence lower scores are better. The baseline and follow-up visual analog scale for pain was obtained at every visit regardless if the patient received Trigger Point Injections. The difference between visual analog scale at 3 months and the visual analog scale at baseline was calculated. Positive numbers indicate the pain severity increased from baseline to 3 months and negative numbers indicates that the severity of the pain decreased. (NCT02369068)
Timeframe: Baseline and Three Months
Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
---|---|
Onabotulinumtoxin A | -1 |
Kenalog | -1 |
The pain visual analog scale (VAS) is a tool used by the patient to describe their pain intensity. Utilizing the VAS, the patient describes their pain at baseline, before receiving trigger point injections. The VAS ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain). Thus, a lower value represents a better outcome. (NCT02369068)
Timeframe: Baseline and Six Months
Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
---|---|
Onabotulinumtoxin A | -1 |
Kenalog | -1 |
Proportion of eyes with >=20% reduction in macular thickness (or normalization of macular thickness even if there is <20% reduction) at 24 weeks (NCT02374060)
Timeframe: Over 24 weeks of follow-up
Intervention | Proportion of eyes (Number) |
---|---|
Periocular Triamcinolone 40mg | 0.61 |
Intravitreal Triamcinolone 4mg | 0.73 |
Dexamethasoneintravitreal Implant | 0.74 |
The primary outcome is the change in central subfield thickness from baseline to 24 weeks measured on a relative scale as the the proportion of the baseline central subfield thickness. Values less than 1 indicate a decrease in retinal thickness with lower values indicating greater decreases. Smaller values are better.The time point of 24 weeks was chosen to evaluate the duration of response and the need for additional injections.Retinal thickness was evaluated using masked assessments of OCT images. (NCT02374060)
Timeframe: At baseline and the 24 week visit
Intervention | proportion of baseline retinal thickness (Mean) |
---|---|
Periocular Triamcinolone 40mg | 0.68 |
Intravitreal Triamcinolone 4mg | 0.64 |
Dexamethasoneintravitreal Implant | 0.61 |
Count of eyes with vitreous hemorrhage as an immediate complication of injection. (NCT02374060)
Timeframe: During 24 weeks of follow-up
Intervention | Eyes with uveitic macular edema (Number) |
---|---|
Periocular Triamcinolone 40mg | 1 |
Intravitreal Triamcinolone 4mg | 0 |
Dexamethasoneintravitreal Implant | 1 |
Count of eyes with retinal tears or detachments during the course of follow-up. (NCT02374060)
Timeframe: During 24 weeks of follow-up
Intervention | Eyes with uveitic macular edema (Number) |
---|---|
Periocular Triamcinolone 40mg | 1 |
Intravitreal Triamcinolone 4mg | 0 |
Dexamethasoneintravitreal Implant | 0 |
Count of eyes with an occurrence of endophthalmitis (NCT02374060)
Timeframe: During 24 weeks of folllow-ip
Intervention | Eyes with uveitic macular edema (Number) |
---|---|
Periocular Triamcinolone 40mg | 1 |
Intravitreal Triamcinolone 4mg | 0 |
Dexamethasoneintravitreal Implant | 0 |
Cumulative proportion of eyes with uveitic macular edema that experience an IOP elevation of >=10 mm Hg higher than the baseline level during 24 weeks of follow-up. (NCT02374060)
Timeframe: During 24 weeks of follow-up
Intervention | Cumulative proportion of eyes at 24 wks (Number) |
---|---|
Periocular Triamcinolone 40mg | 0.14 |
Intravitreal Triamcinolone 4mg | 0.26 |
Dexamethasoneintravitreal Implant | 0.39 |
Cumulative proportion of eyes with uveitic macular edema that experience elevated IOP to >=30 mm Hg during 24 weeks of follow-up. (NCT02374060)
Timeframe: During 24 weeks of follow-up
Intervention | Cumulative proportion of eyes at 24 wks (Number) |
---|---|
Periocular Triamcinolone 40mg | 0.06 |
Intravitreal Triamcinolone 4mg | 0.06 |
Dexamethasoneintravitreal Implant | 0.04 |
Cumulative proportion of eyes with uveitic macular edema that experience elevated IOP to >=24 mm Hg during 24 weeks of follow-up. (NCT02374060)
Timeframe: During 24 weeks of follow-up
Intervention | Cumulative proportion of eyes at 24 wks (Number) |
---|---|
Periocular Triamcinolone 40mg | 0.20 |
Intravitreal Triamcinolone 4mg | 0.30 |
Dexamethasoneintravitreal Implant | 0.41 |
Mean change in best-corrected visual acuity from baseline to 8 weeks. Participants' visual acuity was measured by certified examiners with best refractive correction in place.Participants were challenged with reading letters on lines of the standard ETDRS eye chart (5 letters per line). Lines became smaller as participants progressed from the top to the bottom of the chart. Participants read down the chart until no more meaningful readings could be made and were scored by how many letters could be correctly identified. More letters read is associated with higher visual acuity. (NCT02374060)
Timeframe: Over 8 weeks of follow-up
Intervention | Standard letters (Mean) |
---|---|
Periocular Triamcinolone 40mg | 4.37 |
Intravitreal Triamcinolone 4mg | 9.70 |
Dexamethasoneintravitreal Implant | 9.53 |
Cumulative proportion of eyes with uveitic macular edema who experience severe vision loss (>= 15 standard letters) during the 24 weeks of follow-up. (NCT02374060)
Timeframe: During 24 weeks of follow-up
Intervention | Cumulative proportion of eyes at 24 wks (Number) |
---|---|
Periocular Triamcinolone 40mg | 0.11 |
Intravitreal Triamcinolone 4mg | 0.10 |
Dexamethasoneintravitreal Implant | 0.05 |
Mean change in best-corrected visual acuity from baseline to 24 weeks. Participants' visual acuity was measured by certified examiners with best refractive correction in place.Participants were challenged with reading letters on lines of the standard ETDRS eye chart (5 letters per line). Lines became smaller as participants progressed from the top to the bottom of the chart. Participants read down the chart until no more meaningful readings could be made and were scored by how many letters could be correctly identified. More letters read is associated with higher visual acuity. (NCT02374060)
Timeframe: Over 24 weeks of follow-up
Intervention | Standard letters (Mean) |
---|---|
Periocular Triamcinolone 40mg | 4.07 |
Intravitreal Triamcinolone 4mg | 9.60 |
Dexamethasoneintravitreal Implant | 9.21 |
"The primary outcome is the change in central subfield thickness from baseline to 8 weeks measured on a relative scale as the the proportion of the baseline central subfield thickness. Values less than 1 indicate a decrease in retinal thickness with lower values indicating greater decreases. Smaller values are better.~The time point of 8 weeks was chosen for assessment of the primary outcome because it encompasses the window for maximum benefit for all three treatment strategies. Retinal thickness was evaluated using masked assessments of OCT images." (NCT02374060)
Timeframe: At baseline and 8 weeks
Intervention | proportion of baseline retinal thickness (Mean) |
---|---|
Periocular Triamcinolone 40mg | .77 |
Intravitreal Triamcinolone 4mg | .61 |
Dexamethasoneintravitreal Implant | .54 |
Proportion of eyes with resolution of macular edema defined as normalization of the macular thickness (i.e., < 260 um on the standardized scale) at 8 weeks. The greater the proportion the more eyes achieved resolution of macular edema. (NCT02374060)
Timeframe: Over 8 weeks of follow-up
Intervention | Proportion of eyes (Number) |
---|---|
Periocular Triamcinolone 40mg | 0.20 |
Intravitreal Triamcinolone 4mg | 0.47 |
Dexamethasoneintravitreal Implant | 0.61 |
Proportion of eyes with resolution of macular edema defined as normalization of the macular thickness (i.e., <260 um on the standard scale) at 24 weeks. (NCT02374060)
Timeframe: Over 24 weeks of follow-up
Intervention | Proportion of eyes (Number) |
---|---|
Periocular Triamcinolone 40mg | 0.35 |
Intravitreal Triamcinolone 4mg | 0.36 |
Dexamethasoneintravitreal Implant | 0.41 |
Proportion of eyes with >=20% reduction in macular thickness (or normalization of macular thickness even if there is <20% reduction) at 8 weeks. (NCT02374060)
Timeframe: Over 8 weeks of follow-up
Intervention | Proportion of eyes (Number) |
---|---|
Periocular Triamcinolone 40mg | 0.41 |
Intravitreal Triamcinolone 4mg | 0.79 |
Dexamethasoneintravitreal Implant | 0.84 |
The primary outcome measure will compare safety results (all adverse events, whether related to the study injection or not) for Cingal 13-01 and Cingal 13-02. (NCT02381652)
Timeframe: Baseline through 6 weeks post-injection
Intervention | Adverse events (Number) |
---|---|
Cingal 13-02 Adverse Events | 73 |
Study subjects rate their pain on a scale of 0-10 (0=no pain, 10= the highest level of pain experienced), hence the lower the score the better the outcome. (NCT02420041)
Timeframe: 2 weeks post-procedure minus baseline
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Fluoroscopic Guidance | -1 |
Ultrasound Guidance | -1.643 |
Study subjects rate their pain on a scale of 0-10 (0=no pain, 10= the highest level of pain experienced), hence the lower the score the better the outcome. (NCT02420041)
Timeframe: 3 months post-procedure minus baseline
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Fluoroscopic Guidance | -0.875 |
Ultrasound Guidance | -1.556 |
Study subjects rate their pain on a scale of 0-10 (0=no pain, 10= the highest level of pain experienced), hence the lower the score the better the outcome. (NCT02420041)
Timeframe: 30 minutes pre-procedure minus baseline
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Fluoroscopic Guidance | -2.571 |
Ultrasound Guidance | -2.571 |
Study subjects rate their pain on a scale of 0-10 (0=no pain, 10= the highest level of pain experienced), hence the lower the score the better the outcome.Score reported is reporting a difference/change between two time points. (NCT02420041)
Timeframe: during/just before sacroiliac (SI) injection and 3 months post-procedure
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Fluoroscopic Guidance | 4 |
Ultrasound Guidance | 4.333 |
"1= very dissatisfied to 5=very satisfied." (NCT02420041)
Timeframe: 3 months post-procedure
Intervention | units on a scale of satisfaction (Mean) |
---|---|
Fluoroscopic Guidance | 3.364 |
Ultrasound Guidance | 3.667 |
"1= very dissatisfied to 5=very satisfied." (NCT02420041)
Timeframe: 2 weeks post-procedure
Intervention | units on a scale of satisfaction (Mean) |
---|---|
Fluoroscopic Guidance | 3.615 |
Ultrasound Guidance | 3.857 |
Study subjects rate their change in overall condition on a scale of 0-6 (0=no change, 6=better and a definite improvement that has made a real worthwhile difference). The range of the change in pain for both groups observed was in fact 0-5. (NCT02420041)
Timeframe: 3 months post-procedure
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Fluoroscopic Guidance | 2.818 |
Ultrasound Guidance | 2.222 |
Study subjects rate their change in overall condition on a scale of 0-6 (0=no change, 6=better and a definite improvement that has made a real worthwhile difference). The range of the change in pain for both groups observed was in fact 0-5. (NCT02420041)
Timeframe: 2 weeks post-procedure
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Fluoroscopic Guidance | 2.385 |
Ultrasound Guidance | 2.714 |
during procedure from the time monitors are placed on patient to the time of withdrawal of needle from skin (NCT02420041)
Timeframe: difference in minutes between a sacroiliac joint injection, an expected average of 9 minutes
Intervention | minutes (Mean) |
---|---|
Fluoroscopic Guidance | 9.471 |
Ultrasound Guidance | 9.552 |
Study subjects rate their pain on a scale of 0-10 (0=no pain, 10= the highest level of pain experienced), hence the lower the score the better the outcome. Score reported is reporting a difference/change between two time points. (NCT02420041)
Timeframe: during/just before sacroiliac (SI) injection and 2 weeks post-procedure
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Fluoroscopic Guidance | 4.846 |
Ultrasound Guidance | 4.385 |
Measurements are calculated from photographs taken with a millimeter ruler next to granulation tissue on a horizontal plane and a vertical plane. The horizontal and vertical diameters are averaged and then halved, to give a radius which is squared and multiplied by Pi for an approximate area. The area at 8 weeks is subtracted from the area at baseline, to calculate the change and then they are averaged across the individuals with pre and post data for the arm. This approximation is limited by the fact that the shape and all the dimensions of the granulation tissue are highly variable. In order to measure the change the horizontal and vertical diameters were averaged as if they were a circle. This is a limitation of the analysis. (NCT02519738)
Timeframe: 8 weeks
Intervention | mm^2 (Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Pre-Treatment | Post-Treatment | Change from pre-post | |
Kenalog (Triamcinolone) | 83.14 | 45.06 | 37.95 |
Silver Nitrate | 101.12 | 22.36 | 78.77 |
Washcloth Abrasion | 121.72 | 140.54 | -18.81 |
"The DLQI is a simple, participant-administered, 10-question, validated, quality-of-life questionnaire that covers 6 domains including symptoms and feelings, daily activities, leisure, work and school, personal relationships, and treatment. Response categories include Not at all, A little, A lot, and Very much, with corresponding scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Questions 3-10 also have an additional response category of Not relevant which is scored as 0. For all questions, if unanswered the question is scored as 0. Totals range from 0 to 30 (less to more impairment). Changes from baseline in DLQI score were analyzed with an MMRM with fixed effects for treatment, time, country, and the treatment-by-visit interaction, plus baseline and baseline-by-visit were included as covariates." (NCT02576938)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 16
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Placebo | -6.27 |
2 mg Baricitinib | -6.89 |
4mg Baricitinib | -7.96 |
The Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) assesses extent of disease based on dividing the skin into 4 regions (head/neck, trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs) and measures the following clinical signs: (1) erythema, (2) edema/papulation, (3) excoriation, and (4) lichenification each on a scale of 0 to 3.The EASI confers a maximum score of 72 with 0 = clear; 0.1 -1 = almost clear; 1.1 -7 = mild; 7.1 - 21 = moderate; 21.1 - 50 = severe; 50.1 - 72 = very severe. Change from baseline were analyzed with a Mixed-effect Model Repeated Measure (MMRM) with fixed effects for treatment, visit, country, and the treatment-by-visit interaction, plus baseline and baseline-by-visit included as covariates. (NCT02576938)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 16
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Placebo | -10.84 |
2 mg Baricitinib | -16.44 |
4mg Baricitinib | -16.04 |
Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of Baricitinib (NCT02576938)
Timeframe: Week (Wk) 0: Predose, 15-30 minutes (min) postdose; Wk 4: 1.5 - 4 hour (hr) postdose; Wk 8: 4 - 8 hr postdose; Wk 12: Predose; Wk 16: 30 - 90 min postdose.
Intervention | nanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) (Geometric Mean) |
---|---|
2 mg Baricitinib | 18.5 |
4mg Baricitinib | 37.7 |
The EASI 50, defined as ≥ 50% reduction from baseline in EASI score, assesses extent of disease based on dividing the skin into 4 regions (head/neck, trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs) and measures the following clinical signs: (1) erythema, (2) edema/papulation, (3) excoriation, and (4) lichenification each on a scale of 0 to 3.The EASI confers a maximum score of 72 with 0 = clear; 0.1 -1 = almost clear; 1.1 -7 = mild; 7.1 - 21 = moderate; 21.1 - 50 = severe; 50.1 - 72 = very severe. (NCT02576938)
Timeframe: Week 16
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
---|---|
Placebo | 37 |
2 mg Baricitinib | 57 |
4mg Baricitinib | 61 |
The Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) assesses extent of disease based on dividing the skin into 4 regions (head/neck, trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs) and measures the following clinical signs: (1) erythema, (2) edema/papulation, (3) excoriation, and (4) lichenification each on a scale of 0 to 3.The EASI confers a maximum score of 72 with 0 = clear; 0.1 -1 = almost clear; 1.1 -7 = mild; 7.1 - 21 = moderate; 21.1 - 50 = severe; 50.1 - 72 = very severe. Changes from baseline were analyzed with an MMRM with fixed effects for treatment, visit, country, and the treatment-by-visit interaction, plus baseline and baseline-by-visit included as covariates. (NCT02576938)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 16
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Placebo | -45.87 |
2 mg Baricitinib | -64.19 |
4mg Baricitinib | -64.69 |
The IGA consists of a 6-point severity scale to measure characteristics of erythema, infiltration, papulation, oozing and crusting as guidelines for the overall severity assessment. The scale ranges from clear to very severe disease (0 = clear, 1 = almost clear, 2 = mild disease, 3 = moderate disease, 4 = severe disease and 5 = very severe disease). (NCT02576938)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 16
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Placebo | -0.9 |
2 mg Baricitinib | -1.4 |
4mg Baricitinib | -1.3 |
"The Itch NRS is a participant-administered, 11-point horizontal scale anchored at 0 and 10, with 0 representing no itch and 10 representing worst itch imaginable. Overall severity of a participant's itching is indicated by circling the number that best describes the worst level of itching in the past 24 hours. Changes from baseline were analyzed with an MMRM with fixed effects for treatment, time, country, and the treatment-by-visit interaction, plus baseline and baseline-by-visit were included as covariates." (NCT02576938)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 16
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Placebo | -1.72 |
2 mg Baricitinib | -2.61 |
4mg Baricitinib | -2.22 |
The SCORAD index uses the rule of nines to assess disease extent and evaluates five clinical characteristics to determine disease severity: (1) erythema, (2) edema/papulation, (3) oozing/crusts, (4) excoriation and (5) lichenification. SCORAD also assesses subjective symptoms of pruritus and sleep loss with Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) where 0 is no itch (or sleeplessness) and 10 is the worst imaginable itch (or sleeplessness). These three aspects: extent of disease (A: 0-102), disease severity (B: 0-18) and subjective symptoms (C:0-20) combine using A/5 + 7*B/2+ C to give a maximum possible score of 103 where 0 = no disease and 103 = severe disease. Changes from baseline were analyzed with an MMRM with fixed effects for treatment, visit, country, and the treatment-by-visit interaction, plus baseline and baseline-by-visit included as covariates. (NCT02576938)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 16
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Placebo | -11.89 |
2 mg Baricitinib | -23.87 |
4mg Baricitinib | -26.54 |
Outcome measure used to measure for neck pain that includes personal care, lifting, reading, headaches, concentration, work, driving, sleeping and recreation. Summative scores for 10 questions (range 0-50) with each question scored 0-5 where higher scores for each question indicates greater extent of disability/difficulty for the associated activity. Reported as a mean percentage + standard deviation of difficulty/disability experienced by the patient. (NCT02577991)
Timeframe: Obtained at baseline, post op day 1, post op 2 weeks, post op 6 weeks, post op 3 months, post op 6 months, and post op 1 year
Intervention | percentage of disability/difficulty (Mean) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline NDI | 1 Day Post Op NDI | 2 wk. Post Op NDI | 6 wk. Post Op NDI | 3 mo. Post Op NDI | 6 mo. Post Op NDI | 1 yr. Post Op NDI | |
Control Group | 40 | 27 | 31 | 23 | 14.6 | 23 | 22.2 |
IV Steroid | 34 | 28 | 24 | 21 | 11.1 | 21 | 4.0 |
Local Steroid | 35 | 27 | 20 | 24 | 10 | 24 | 6.0 |
Most commonly utilized pain scale; scored 0-10 with higher values indicating increased severity of pain experienced by the patient (NCT02577991)
Timeframe: Obtained at baseline, post op day 1, post op 2 weeks, post op 6 weeks, post op 3 months, post op 6 months, and post op 1 year; analyzed for all time points through 6 months post op
Intervention | Score on a scale (Median) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VAS Pain Score (Baseline) | VAS Pain Score (1 Day Post Op) | VAS Pain Score (2 wk. Post Op) | VAS Pain Score (6 wk. Post Op) | VAS Pain Score (3 mo. Post Op) | VAS Pain Score (6 mo. Post Op) | VAS Pain Score (1 yr. Post Op) | |
Control Group | 8.0 | 7.00 | 6.00 | 5.00 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 4.0 |
IV Steroid | 8.0 | 6.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 2.0 |
Local Steroid | 7.0 | 6.00 | 4.00 | 5.00 | 3.00 | 5.00 | 1.0 |
Outcome measure used to measure the incidence and severity of postoperative trouble swallowing (NCT02577991)
Timeframe: Evaluated at baseline, post op day 1, post op 2 weeks, post op 6 weeks, post op 3 months, post op 6 months, and post op 1 year
Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline Bazaz Score (Mild or Greater) | Baseline Bazaz Score (Moderate-Severe) | 1 Day Post Op Bazaz Score (Mild or Greater) | 1 Day Post Op Bazaz Score (Moderate-Severe) | 2 wk. Post Op Bazaz Score (Mild or Greater) | 2 wk. Post Op Bazaz Score (Moderate-Severe) | 6 wk. Post Op Bazaz Score (Mild or Greater) | 6 wk. Post Op Bazaz Score (Moderate-Severe) | 3 mo. Post Op Bazaz Score (Mild or Greater) | 3 mo. Post Op Bazaz Score (Moderate-Severe) | 6 mo. Post Op Bazaz Score (Mild or Greater) | 6 mo. Post Op Bazaz Score (Moderate-Severe) | 1 yr. Post Op Bazaz Score (Mild or Greater) | 1 yr. Post Op Bazaz Score (Moderate-Severe) | |
Control Group | 4.76 | 0.00 | 61.90 | 33.33 | 30.00 | 15.00 | 28.57 | 23.80 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.78 | 5.26 | 15.78 | 5.26 |
IV Steroid | 0.00 | 0.00 | 44.00 | 24.00 | 16.00 | 16.00 | 17.39 | 8.69 | 13.04 | 0.00 | 8.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Local Steroid | 6.89 | 0.00 | 50.00 | 7.14 | 13.79 | 0.00 | 6.89 | 0.00 | 13.79 | 0.00 | 13.79 | 0.00 | 3.44 | 3.44 |
Outcome measure used to measure the incidence and severity of postoperative trouble swallowing. Summative score of 10 questions (range 0-40) with each question scored 0-4 with higher scores indicating greater severity/frequency of difficulty or disability reported by the patient for the indicated activity; EAT-10 >3 = dysphagia & EAT-10 >15 = severe dysphagia (NCT02577991)
Timeframe: baseline, post op day 1, post op 2 weeks, post op 6 weeks, post op 3 months, post op 6 months, and post op 1 year.
Intervention | percentage (Number) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline Dysphagia | Baseline Severe Dysphagia | 1 Day Post Op Dysphagia | 1 Day Post Op Severe Dysphagia | 2 wk. Post Op Dysphagia | 2 wk. Post Op Severe Dysphagia | 6 wk. Post Op Dysphagia | 6 wk. Post Op Severe Dysphagia | 3 mo. Post Op Dysphagia | 3 mo. Post Op Severe Dysphagia | 6 mo. Post Op Dysphagia | 6 mo. Post Op Severe Dysphagia | 1 yr. Post Op Dysphagia | 1 yr. Post Op Severe Dysphagia | |
Control Group | 9.52 | 0 | 76.19 | 38.09 | 50.00 | 20.00 | 38.09 | 28.57 | 20.00 | 10.00 | 21.05 | 0.00 | 21.05 | 10.52 |
IV Steroid | 16.00 | 0 | 68.00 | 32.00 | 48.00 | 16.00 | 34.78 | 0.00 | 8.69 | 0.00 | 8.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Local Steroid | 10.34 | 0 | 61.90 | 17.85 | 27.58 | 0.00 | 17.24 | 0.00 | 6.89 | 0.00 | 13.79 | 0.00 | 6.89 | 0.00 |
Outcome measure used to measure the incidence and severity of postoperative trouble with hoarseness of voice; summative score of 10 questions (range 0-40) with each question scored 0-4 with higher scores indicating greater severity/frequency of disability or handicap reported by the patient. Reported as a percentage of patients in each group reporting an 'abnormal' VHI-10 score defined as a summative score >11 (NCT02577991)
Timeframe: baseline, post op day 1, post op 2 weeks, post op 6 weeks, post op 3 months, post op 6 months, and post op 1 year.
Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline Abnormal VHI-10 | 1 Day Post Op Abnormal VHI-10 | 2 wk. Post Op Abnormal VHI-10 | 6 wk. Post Op Abnormal VHI-10 | 3 mo. Post Op Abnormal VHI-10 | 6 mo. Post Op Abnormal VHI-10 | 1 yr. Post Op Abnormal VHI-10 | |
Control Group | 9.52 | 4.76 | 10.00 | 9.52 | 10.00 | 10.53 | 10.53 |
IV Steroid | 8.00 | 4.00 | 20.00 | 8.69 | 4.34 | 8.33 | 8.33 |
Local Steroid | 3.44 | 3.57 | 0.00 | 3.44 | 0.00 | 3.44 | 0.00 |
Pain assessed on a visual analog scale from 1 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable). Pain score at 10 minutes post-injection is subtracted from baseline pre-injection score. Positive numbers to represent increases and negative numbers to represent decreases. (NCT02592629)
Timeframe: change from baseline assessment before injection at 10 minutes post injection
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
no Topical or Subcutaneous Anesthetic | 3 |
Subcutaneous Lidocaine | 4.21 |
Topical Ethyl Chloride | 5.6 |
Number of subjects with treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs) reported between the first dose of study drug and study exit. (NCT02595398)
Timeframe: Baseline to 24 weeks
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
---|---|---|
Experiencing at least one TEAE | Experiencing at least one SAE | |
4mg CLS-TA Suprachoriodal Injection | 67 | 3 |
Sham Procedure | 45 | 0 |
Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) refers to the measurement of the best possible vision that can be achieved following refraction or correction. BCVA was assessed following the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) protocol and was measured in the number of letters read correctly on electronic Visual Acuity (eVA). An increase from the pre-treatment state in BCVA of 15 letters or more represents a clinically meaningful improvement. (NCT02595398)
Timeframe: Baseline, 24 weeks
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
4mg CLS-TA Suprachoriodal Injection | 45 |
Sham Procedure | 10 |
Central subfield thickness (CST) is a diagnostic measurement used in identifying the presence of edema in the circular area 1 mm in diameter centered around the fovea. CST was measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). A masked reading center graded the SD-OCT digital images. A negative change from baseline value represents a reduction in macular edema. Only images that were gradable by the central reading center were included in the analysis. (NCT02595398)
Timeframe: Baseline, 24 weeks
Intervention | microns (Mean) |
---|---|
4mg CLS-TA Suprachoriodal Injection | -152.6 |
Sham Procedure | -17.9 |
All baseline (pre-treatment) values and all post-baseline values recorded as below LLOQ (<50 pg/mL) were set to zero. Geometric mean summary statistics were computed on adjusted concentration values. One (1) was added to each concentration value observed. BLQ values for the computation of geometric mean are included in the summary with a value of 1 (0+1). (NCT02637323)
Timeframe: Up to 20 Weeks
Intervention | pg/mL (Geometric Mean) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline (pre-treatment) | Week 1 | Week 6 | Week 12 | Week 16 | Week 20 | |
FX006 32 mg | 1.0 | 231328.9 | 3590.0 | 290.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
All baseline (pre-treatment) values and all post-baseline values recorded as below LLOQ (<50 pg/mL) were set to zero. Geometric mean summary statistics were computed on adjusted concentration values. One (1) was added to each concentration value observed. BLQ values for the computation of geometric mean are included in the summary with a value of 1 (0+1). (NCT02637323)
Timeframe: Up to 20 Weeks
Intervention | pg/mL (Geometric Mean) | |
---|---|---|
Baseline (pre-treatment) | Week 6 | |
TCA IR 40 mg | 1.0 | 7.7 |
All baseline (pre-treatment) values and all post-baseline values that are recorded as below LLOQ were set to zero for analysis and were included in the descriptive mean calculations. Values below LLOQ were not included in geometric mean calculations. (NCT02637323)
Timeframe: Up to 20 Weeks
Intervention | pg/mL (Geometric Mean) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day 1 - Hour 1 | Day 1 - Hour 2 | Day 1 - Hour 4 | Day 1 - Hour 6 | Day 1 - Hour 8 | Day 1 - Hour 10 | Day 1 - Hour 12 | Day 2 - Hour 24 | Week 6 | |
TCA IR 40 mg | 6968.8 | 8494.7 | 9628.8 | 9314.3 | 8421.3 | 7439.3 | 6678.7 | 4991.1 | 149.4 |
All baseline (pre-treatment) values and all post-baseline values that are recorded as below LLOQ were set to zero for analysis and were included in the descriptive mean calculations. Values below LLOQ were not included in geometric mean calculations. (NCT02637323)
Timeframe: Up to 20 Weeks
Intervention | pg/mL (Geometric Mean) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day 1 - Hour 1 | Day 1 - Hour 2 | Day 1 - Hour 4 | Day 1 - Hour 6 | Day 1 - Hour 8 | Day 1 - Hour 10 | Day 1 - Hour 12 | Day 2 - Hour 24 | Week 1 | Week 6 | Week 12 | Week 16 | Week 20 | |
FX006 32 mg | 670.0 | 736.5 | 759.5 | 747.1 | 740.2 | 720.7 | 706.6 | 836.4 | 600.9 | 118.6 | 53.7 | 73.8 | 108.2 |
"Change in atopic dermatitis based on physician global assessment scale: 0=clear; 1=almost clear; 2=mild disease; 3=moderate disease; 4=severe disease; 5- very severe disease~Lower scores represent a better outcome." (NCT02680301)
Timeframe: 3-5 days
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cream | 0.717 |
Ointment | 0.589 |
Patient-reported adherence to wet-wrap protocol. Medication logs were used to evaluate adherence to the treatment protocol for both steroid formulations. Patents were determined to be adhering to the protocol if the number of wet-wraps for each study arm (cream or ointment) were the same. Because the total number of wraps varied between patients (the protocol required 1-2 wraps per day for 3-5 days), we reviewed medication logs to determine that each patient completed an equivalent number of ointment and cream wraps. (NCT02680301)
Timeframe: 3-5 days
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
All Subjects | 39 |
(NCT02762370)
Timeframe: Baseline (Hour -48 to Hour -1) to Hour 1 to Hour 48
Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
FX006 32 mg | 16.33 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 43.62 |
The glycemic variability was calculated as the coefficient of variation (CV) of the hourly averages in each of these time periods: Hour 1-24, Hour 1-48, Hour 1-72, Hour 1-168, and Hour 1-360. The % CV for each patient was derived using the formula: (SD/mean)*100, using the values for each hourly average glucose measurement over the time period. Average % CV in the FX006 40 mg group was compared to the TCA IR 40 mg group using a linear model (ANCOVA) with fixed effects for treatment group. Model covariates were study center and baseline (72-hour) blood glucose average. (NCT02762370)
Timeframe: Baseline to 72 hours post injection (hourly average blood glucose measurement over the time period)
Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
FX006 32 mg | 22.43 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 27.05 |
(NCT02762370)
Timeframe: Baseline to 72 hours post injection (-72 hr, 0 hr, and 1, 2, 3, 7, and 15 days post-dose)
Intervention | hr*mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline (Hour -72 to Hour -1) | Day 1 | Days 1-2 | Days 1-3 | Days 1-7 | Days 1-15 | |
FX006 32 mg | 22089.0 | 3703.3 | 7902.6 | 11772.3 | 27245.7 | 52112.8 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 23669.1 | 4483.2 | 9251.7 | 12950.9 | 25987.0 | 49532.2 |
The glycemic variability was calculated as the coefficient of variation (CV) of the hourly averages in each of these time periods: Hour 1-24, Hour 1-48, Hour 1-72, Hour 1-168, and Hour 1-360. The % CV for each patient was derived using the formula: (SD/mean)*100, using the values for each hourly average glucose measurement over the time period. Average % CV in the FX006 40 mg group was compared to the TCA IR 40 mg group using a linear model (ANCOVA) with fixed effects for treatment group. Model covariates were study center and baseline (72-hour) blood glucose average. (NCT02762370)
Timeframe: Baseline to Days 1-3
Intervention | Percentage of time (Number) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Less than 70 | 70 - 180 | 180.1 - 250.0 | 250.1 - 350.0 | Greater than 350.0 | |
FX006 32 mg | 2.2 | 63.3 | 23.7 | 9.5 | 1.3 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 0.4 | 49.7 | 24.5 | 21.1 | 4.3 |
(NCT02762370)
Timeframe: Baseline to Days 1-2
Intervention | Percentage of time (Number) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Less than 70.0 | 70.0 - 180.0 | 180.1 - 250.0 | 250.1 - 350.0 | Greater than 350.0 | |
FX006 32 mg | 1.2 | 64.1 | 23.0 | 9.9 | 1.7 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 0.3 | 42.7 | 27.4 | 25.2 | 4.4 |
(NCT02762370)
Timeframe: Baseline (Hour -72 to Hour -1) to Hour 1 to Hour 72
Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
FX006 32 mg | 110.04 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 158.46 |
Average blood glucose was analyzed with a mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) (NCT02762370)
Timeframe: Baseline and 72 Hours post intra-articular (IA) injection
Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
FX006 32 mg | 14.66 |
TCA IR 40 mg | 33.88 |
"Patients will rate their impression of the treatment for each site as follows:~0. Made it worse;~Not helpful;~A little bit helpful;~Moderately helpful;~Very helpful~Comparison of rating of impression of treatment between the combined treatment groups and placebo will be performed. Similar comparison will be performed between the triamcinolone 10mg/ml and triamcinolone 40mg/ml treatment arms." (NCT02781818)
Timeframe: 14 days
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone Acetonide 10mg/mL | 2.5 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40mg/mL | 2.5 |
Normal Saline Placebo | 2.4 |
Mean number of days that patient reports it takes for a lesion to resolve. This is defined as a return of the skin to baseline in the treated area and an absence of pain. (NCT02781818)
Timeframe: 1-14 days
Intervention | Days (Mean) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone Acetonide 10mg/mL | 10.8 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40mg/mL | 10.9 |
Normal Saline Placebo | 9.35 |
Patients will rate pain on a scale of 1-10 (1 being no pain, 10 being the worst possible pain) at the baseline visit and on day 5. A secondary outcome will compare reduction in pain on day 5 in the combined treatment groups compared to the placebo group, and between the two treatment arms. (NCT02781818)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 5
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone Acetonide 10mg/mL | 2 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide 40mg/mL | 2.3 |
Normal Saline Placebo | 2.6 |
"Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale:~A quality of life (QOL) instrument developed to assess nasal obstruction symptoms in patients undergoing septoplasty. It consists of a 5-item questionnaire, scored on a 5-point (0-4) Likert scale. The raw score ranges from 0-20, which is scaled to a score of 0-100 by multiplying the raw score by 5, where '0' represents 'no problem' and, and '100' represent 'worst problem.'" (NCT02877485)
Timeframe: Postoperative time interval (months): 1-2 , 3-5 , 6-9, 9-12, >12.
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline NOSE score | Postoperative period: 1-2 months | Postoperative period:3-5 months | Postoperative period:6-9 months | Postoperative period: 9-12 months | Postoperative period: >12 months | |
Surgery Patients | 70 | 16.2 | 17.6 | 17.2 | 22.2 | 20 |
"Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale:~A quality of life (QOL) instrument developed to assess nasal obstruction symptoms in patients undergoing septoplasty. It consists of a 5-item questionnaire, scored on a 5-point (0-4) Likert scale. The raw score ranges from 0-20, which is scaled to a score of 0-100 by multiplying the raw score by 5, where '0' represents 'no problem' and, and '100' represent 'worst problem.'" (NCT02877485)
Timeframe: Pre-spray NOSE score - 6 weeks Post spray NOSE score- 2 weeks washout - Pre spray Pre-spray NOSE score - 6 weeks Post spray NOSE score
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Baseline: Pre - spray 1 NOSE score | Post - spray 1 / pre- spray 2 NOSE score | Post - spray 2 NOSE score | |
Ayr Spray Then Triamcinolone Acetonide | 68.5 | 65.8 | 61.5 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide Then Ayr Spray | 69.1 | 65.2 | 64.1 |
After the initial treatment with CLS-TA, with or without intravitreal aflibercept, at Baseline, retreatment with CLS-TA was allowed in either treatment group from Month 2 through Month 6 if pre-defined retreatment criteria were met. Number of patients receiving 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 retreatments with CLS-TA. (NCT02949024)
Timeframe: 2 to 6 months following initial treatment with study drug
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 additional injections | 1 additional injection | 2 additional injections | 3 additional injections | 4 additional injections | |
Previous TX Arm | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
TX Naïve Arm | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Baseline and change from baseline at 6 months in intraocular pressure as measured by applanation tonometry (NCT02949024)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 months
Intervention | mm Hg (Mean) | |
---|---|---|
Baseline | Month 6 | |
Previous TX Arm | 13.3 | 2.8 |
TX Naïve Arm | 14.2 | -0.3 |
Baseline and change from baseline at 6 months in central subfield thickness. Central subfield thickness (CST) is a diagnostic measurement used in identifying the presence of edema in the circular area 1 mm in diameter centered around the fovea. CST was measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). A masked reading center graded the SD-OCT digital images. A negative change from baseline value represents a reduction in macular edema. (NCT02949024)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 months
Intervention | Microns (Mean) | |
---|---|---|
Baseline | Month 6 | |
Previous TX Arm | 421.6 | -90.9 |
TX Naïve Arm | 472.7 | -119.6 |
Number of participants with treatment emergent adverse events and serious adverse events reported over 6 months of follow-up (NCT02949024)
Timeframe: Over 6 months of follow-up
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
---|---|---|
Number of participants with treatment emergent adverse events | Number of participants with serious adverse events | |
Previous TX Arm | 9 | 0 |
TX Naïve Arm | 8 | 0 |
Baseline and Change from baseline at 6 months in best corrected visual acuity before and after treatment Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) refers to the measurement of the best possible vision that can be achieved following refraction or correction. BCVA was assessed following the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) protocol and was measured as the number of letters read correctly on an ETDRS eye chart. A positive change from baseline value represents an improvement in vision. (NCT02949024)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 months
Intervention | Letters (Mean) | |
---|---|---|
Baseline | Month 6 | |
Previous TX Arm | 67.2 | 1.1 |
TX Naïve Arm | 67.2 | 8.5 |
Central subfield thickness (CST) is a diagnostic measurement used in identifying the presence of edema in the circular area 1 mm in diameter centered around the fovea. CST was measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). A masked reading center graded the SD-OCT digital images. A negative change from baseline value represents a reduction in macular edema. (NCT02952001)
Timeframe: 6 months following exit from Parent study
Intervention | microns (Mean) |
---|---|
4 mg CLS-TA Suprachoriodal Injection | -174.5 |
Sham Procedure | 19.5 |
Number of participants with treatment emergent adverse events and serious adverse events reported during the extension study. (NCT02952001)
Timeframe: 6 months following exit from Parent study
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
---|---|---|
Treatment-emergent adverse events | Serious adverse events | |
4 mg CLS-TA Suprachoriodal Injection | 16 | 1 |
Sham Procedure | 3 | 0 |
This time to event outcome was calculated as the number of days between the date of initiation of additional therapy for uveitis and the date of first treatment in the Parent study CLS1001-301 (NCT02595398). (NCT02952001)
Timeframe: 6 months following completion of the Parent study CLS1001-301 (NCT02595398), for a total of up to 1 year
Intervention | days (Median) |
---|---|
4 mg CLS-TA Suprachoriodal Injection | 344.0 |
Sham Procedure | 332.0 |
Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) refers to the measurement of the best possible vision that can be achieved following refraction or correction. BCVA was assessed following the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) protocol and was measured in the number of letters read correctly on an ETDRS eye chart. An increase from the pre-treatment state in BCVA of 15 letters or more represents a clinically meaningful improvement. (NCT02952001)
Timeframe: 6 months following exit from Parent study
Intervention | letters (Mean) |
---|---|
4 mg CLS-TA Suprachoriodal Injection | 12.1 |
Sham Procedure | 14.0 |
Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) refers to the measurement of the best possible vision that can be achieved following refraction or correction. BCVA was assessed following the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) protocol and was measured in the number of letters read correctly on an ETDRS eye chart. An increase from the pre-treatment state in BCVA of 15 letters or more represents a clinically meaningful improvement. (NCT02980874)
Timeframe: 2 months
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Active | 114 |
Control | 127 |
Central subfield thickness (CST) is a diagnostic measurement used in identifying the presence of edema in the circular area 1 mm in diameter centered around the fovea. CST was measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). A masked reading center graded the SD-OCT digital images. A negative change from baseline value represents a reduction in macular edema. (NCT02980874)
Timeframe: 6 months
Intervention | Microns (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Active | -354.3 |
Control | -416.2 |
Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) refers to the measurement of the best possible vision that can be achieved following refraction or correction. BCVA was assessed following the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) protocol and was measured in the number of letters read correctly on an ETDRS eye chart. A positive change from baseline value represents an improvement in vision. (NCT02980874)
Timeframe: 6 months
Intervention | Letters (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Active | 15.5 |
Control | 20.5 |
Data from POSAS Observer Scale will be collected and reported to assess vascularity, pigmentation, thickness, relief, pliability, and surface area of the keloids chosen for the research study. Total score range: 6-60; Higher scores mean a worse outcome. Mean composite score of the final visit was compared to the mean baseline score. (NCT02996097)
Timeframe: Once every 4 weeks for 16 weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
CO2 Ablative Laser PLUS Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide | -22.6 |
Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide Only | -18.8 |
Data from POSAS Observer Scale will be collected and reported to assess vascularity, pigmentation, thickness, relief, pliability, and surface area of the keloids chosen for the research study. Total score range: 6-60; Higher scores mean a worse outcome. Mean composite score of the final visit was compared to the mean baseline score. (NCT02996097)
Timeframe: Once every 4 weeks for 16 weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
CO2 Ablative Laser PLUS Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide | -9.5 |
Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide Only | -8.9 |
This endpoint represents the change from baseline, mg/dL, of the inflammatory biomarker C reactive protein (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: baseline (predose) and at 72 hours, Day 8 and Day 15 for the first flare treated in the study
Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
72 hours | Day 8 | Day 15 | |
Anakinra 100 mg | -1.435 | -1.334 | -0.724 |
Anakinra 200 mg | -1.362 | 1.406 | -0.607 |
Triamcinolone 40 mg | -0.362 | -0.321 | -1.102 |
This endpoint represents the change from baseline, mg/L, of the inflammatory biomarker Serum amyloid A (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: baseline (predose) and at 72 hours, Day 8 and Day 15 for the first flare treated in the study
Intervention | mg/L (Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
72 hours | Day 8 | Day 15 | |
Anakinra 100 mg | -45.160 | -46.561 | -25.328 |
Anakinra 200 mg | -34.510 | -35.887 | 14.370 |
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 8.950 | -6.363 | -50.524 |
"Patients will score their pain intensity in the joint most affected at baseline (index joint) on a 5-point Likert scale (0-4 point scale: none, mild, moderate, severe, extreme) at time points baseline (pre-dose) and at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours and Day 5, 6, 7 and 8." (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: At baseline (pre-dose) and at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours and Day 5, 6, 7 and 8 for the first gout flare treated in the study
Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6 hours | 12 hours | 18 hours | 24 hours | 36 hours | 48 hours | 72 hours | Day 5 | Day 6 | Day 7 | Day 8 | |
Anakinra 100 mg | -0.8 | -1.1 | -1.2 | -0.9 | -1.3 | -1.4 | -1.6 | -1.8 | -2.2 | -2.2 | -2.1 |
Anakinra 200 mg | -0.4 | -0.5 | -0.8 | -1.1 | -1.1 | -1.5 | -1.7 | -1.8 | -1.9 | -1.9 | -2.1 |
Triamcinolone 40 mg | -0.6 | -0.9 | -0.8 | -1.0 | -1.3 | -1.5 | -1.6 | -1.8 | -1.9 | -2.4 | -1.9 |
Patients will score their pain intensity in the joint most affected at baseline (index joint) on a 0-100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS), ranging from no pain (0) to unbearable pain (100). Average of the assessments performed at 24, 48 and 72 hours. (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: At baseline (pre-dose) and at 24, 48 and 72 hours for the first gout flare treated in the study
Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
24 hours | 48 hours | 72 hours | |
Anakinra 100 mg | -32.5 | -42.9 | -51.6 |
Anakinra 200 mg | -31.1 | -43.6 | -49.1 |
Triamcinolone 40 mg | -26.1 | -43.4 | -45.2 |
Exploratory objective: number of days with hospitalization and un-scheduled outpatient visits (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: Recorded up to Day 15 for the first flare and subsequent flares treated during the extension period
Intervention | days (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hospitalization : First flare : Day 1-7 | Hospitalization : First flare : Day 8-15 | Hospitalization : First flare : Day 1-15 | Hospitalization : Second flare : Day 1-7 | Hospitalization : Second flare : Day 8-15 | Hospitalization : Second flare : Day 1-15 | Hospitalization : Third flare : Day 1-7 | Hospitalization : Third flare : Day 8-15 | Hospitalization : Third flare : Day 1-15 | Hospitalization : Fourth flare : Day 1-7 | Hospitalization : Fourth flare : Day 8-15 | Hospitalization : Fourth flare : Day 1-15 | Hospitalization : Fifth flare : Day 1-7 | Hospitalization : Fifth flare : Day 8-15 | Hospitalization : Fifth flare : Day 1-15 | Unscheduled outpatient visits:First flare: Day 1-7 | Unscheduled outpatient visits:First flare:Day 8-15 | Unscheduled outpatient visits:First flare:Day 1-15 | Unscheduled outpatient visits:Second flare:Day 1-7 | Unscheduled outpatient visit:Second flare:Day 8-15 | Unscheduled outpatient visit:Second flare:Day 1-15 | Unscheduled outpatient visits:Third flare:Day 1-7 | Unscheduled outpatient visits:Third flare:Day 8-15 | Unscheduled outpatient visits:Third flare:Day 1-15 | Unscheduled outpatient visitstFourth flare:Day 1-7 | Unscheduled outpatient visitsFourth flare:Day 8-15 | Unscheduled outpatient visitsFourth flare:Day 1-15 | Unscheduled outpatient visit:Fifth flare : Day 1-7 | Unscheduled outpatient visitFifth flare : Day 8-15 | Unscheduled outpatient visit Fifth flare:Day 1-15 | |
Anakinra 100 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Anakinra 200 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Physicians assessment of clinical signs with 2 outcomes: Absent=no erythema, present=erythema (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: at 72 hours, Day 8 and Day 15 for the first flare treated in the study
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline : Absent | Baseline : Present | Baseline : Missing | 72 hours : Absent | 72 hours : Present | 72 hours : Missing | Day 8 : Absent | Day 8 : Present | Day 8 : Missing | Day 15 : Absent | Day 15 : Present | Day 15 : Missing | |
Anakinra 100 mg | 8 | 48 | 0 | 39 | 14 | 3 | 43 | 9 | 4 | 47 | 5 | 4 |
Anakinra 200 mg | 8 | 45 | 1 | 37 | 14 | 3 | 40 | 9 | 5 | 40 | 9 | 5 |
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 3 | 51 | 1 | 29 | 22 | 4 | 43 | 6 | 6 | 47 | 2 | 6 |
"The WPAI yeilds four types of scores of which Work productivity loss is one.~SHP is derived from WPAI as follows:~The WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages, with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity as follows:~Questions:~Q1 = currently employed Q2 = hours missed due to specified problem Q3 = hours missed other reasons Q4 = hours actually worked Q5 = degree problem affected productivity while working Q6 = degree problem affected regular activities~Scores:~Multiply scores by 100 to express in percentages. Percent impairment while working due to problem: Q5/10 The answer on Q5 is given on a scale from 0 (PROBLEM had no effect on work) to 10 (PROBLEM completely prevented me from working).~Thus the analysis values from which mean and SD have been calculated and reported are the outcomes from Q5 (ranging from 0 to 10) multiplied with 100 and divided by 10." (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: Recorded up to Day 15 for the first flare and subsequent flares treated during the extension period
Intervention | percent (Mean) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First flare : Day 8 | First flare : Day 15 | Second flare : Day 8 | Second flare : Day 15 | Third flare : Day 8 | Third flare : Day 15 | Fourth flare : Day 8 | Fourth flare : Day 15 | Fifth flare : Day 8 | Fifth flare : Day 15 | |
Anakinra 200 mg | 20.5 | 21.6 | 24.0 | 13.8 | 10.0 | 23.3 | 20.0 | 5.0 | 26.7 | 13.3 |
"The WPAI yeilds four types of scores of which Work productivity loss is one.~SHP is derived from WPAI as follows:~The WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages, with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity as follows:~Questions:~Q1 = currently employed Q2 = hours missed due to specified problem Q3 = hours missed other reasons Q4 = hours actually worked Q5 = degree problem affected productivity while working Q6 = degree problem affected regular activities~Scores:~Multiply scores by 100 to express in percentages. Percent impairment while working due to problem: Q5/10 The answer on Q5 is given on a scale from 0 (PROBLEM had no effect on work) to 10 (PROBLEM completely prevented me from working).~Thus the analysis values from which mean and SD have been calculated and reported are the outcomes from Q5 (ranging from 0 to 10) multiplied with 100 and divided by 10." (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: Recorded up to Day 15 for the first flare and subsequent flares treated during the extension period
Intervention | percent (Mean) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First flare : Day 8 | First flare : Day 15 | Second flare : Day 8 | Second flare : Day 15 | Third flare : Day 8 | Third flare : Day 15 | Fifth flare : Day 15 | |
Anakinra 100 mg | 32.6 | 12.6 | 24.0 | 20.0 | 5.0 | 20.0 | 40.0 |
"The WPAI yeilds four types of scores of which Work productivity loss is one.~SHP is derived from WPAI as follows:~The WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages, with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity as follows:~Questions:~Q1 = currently employed Q2 = hours missed due to specified problem Q3 = hours missed other reasons Q4 = hours actually worked Q5 = degree problem affected productivity while working Q6 = degree problem affected regular activities~Scores:~Multiply scores by 100 to express in percentages. Percent impairment while working due to problem: Q5/10 The answer on Q5 is given on a scale from 0 (PROBLEM had no effect on work) to 10 (PROBLEM completely prevented me from working).~Thus the analysis values from which mean and SD have been calculated and reported are the outcomes from Q5 (ranging from 0 to 10) multiplied with 100 and divided by 10." (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: Recorded up to Day 15 for the first flare and subsequent flares treated during the extension period
Intervention | percent (Mean) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First flare : Day 8 | First flare : Day 15 | Second flare : Day 8 | Second flare : Day 15 | Third flare : Day 8 | Third flare : Day 15 | Fourth flare : Day 8 | Fifth flare : Day 8 | Fifth flare : Day 15 | |
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 36.1 | 23.3 | 42.9 | 16.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 30.0 | 60.0 | 20.0 |
4-point Likert scale (0=no swelling, 1= mild swelling, 2=moderate swelling, 3=severe swelling or bulging beyond joint margins) (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: at 72 hours, Day 8 and Day 15 for the first flare treated in the study
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline : None | Baseline : Mild | Baseline : Moderate | Baseline : Severe | Baseline : Missing | 72 hours : None | 72 hours : Mild | 72 hours : Moderate | 72 hours : Severe | 72 hours : Missing | Day 8 : None | Day 8 : Mild | Day 8 : Moderate | Day 8 : Severe | Day 8 : Missing | Day 15 : None | Day 15 : Mild | Day 15 : Moderate | Day 15 : Severe | Day 15 : Missing | |
Anakinra 100 mg | 0 | 14 | 27 | 15 | 0 | 27 | 18 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 37 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 44 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Anakinra 200 mg | 0 | 7 | 28 | 18 | 1 | 17 | 26 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 38 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 34 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 0 | 9 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 14 | 22 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 25 | 16 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 37 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
4-point Likert scale (0=no pain, 1= mild/patient states there is pain when touched, 2= moderate/patient states there is pain and Winces, 3=severe/patient states there is pain, winces and withdraws (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: at 72 hours, Day 8 and Day 15 for the first flare treated in the study
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
72 hours : None | 72 hours : Mild | 72 hours : Moderate | 72 hours : Severe | 72 hours : Missing | Day 8 : None | Day 8 : Mild | Day 8 : Moderate | Day 8 : Severe | Day 8 : Missing | Day 15 : None | Day 15 : Mild | Day 15 : Moderate | Day 15 : Severe | Day 15 : Missing | |
Anakinra 100 mg | 18 | 28 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 28 | 19 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 38 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 3 |
Anakinra 200 mg | 16 | 25 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 30 | 17 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 32 | 12 | 5 | 0 | 5 |
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 8 | 22 | 17 | 4 | 4 | 19 | 25 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 37 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
"5-point Likert scale (0- to 4-point scale: none, mild, moderate, severe, extreme) where higher score mean worse outcome" (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: At 72 hours, Day 8 and Day 15 for the first flare treated in the study
Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
72 hours | Day 8 | Day 15 | |
Anakinra 100 mg | 1.25 | 0.90 | 0.80 |
Anakinra 200 mg | 1.25 | 0.81 | 0.78 |
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 1.54 | 1.26 | 1.04 |
Confirmed ADA positive samples will be analysed for the presence of neutralizing antibodies (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: Baseline (predose) and at 72 hours, Day 8, Day 15, Day 28 and Week 12 for the first flare and subsequent flares treated treated during the extension period
Intervention | participants (Number) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First flare : Baseline | First flare : Day 8 | First flare : Day 15 | First flare : Day 28 | First flare : Week 12 | Second flare : Baseline | Second flare : Day 8 | Second flare : Day 15 | Second flare : Day 28 | Second flare : Week 12 | Third flare : Baseline | Third flare : Day 8 | Third flare : Day 15 | Third flare : Day 28 | Third flare : Week 12 | Fourth flare : Baseline | Fourth flare : Day 8 | Fourth flare : Day 15 | Fourth flare : Day 28 | Fourth flare : Week 12 | Fifth flare : Baseline | Fifth flare : Day 8 | Fifth flare : Day 15 | Fifth flare : Day 28 | Fifth flare : Week 12 | |
Anakinra 100 mg | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Anakinra 200 mg | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Confirmed ADA positive samples will be analysed for the presence of neutralizing antibodies (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: Baseline (predose) and at 72 hours, Day 8, Day 15, Day 28 and Week 12 for the first flare and subsequent flares treated during the extension period
Intervention | participants (Number) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First flare : Baseline | First flare : Day 8 | First flare : Day 15 | First flare : Day 28 | First flare : Week 12 | Second flare : Study baseline | Second flare : Flare baseline | Second flare : Day 8 | Second flare : Day 15 | Second flare : Day 28 | Second flare : Week 12 | Third flare : Study baseline | Third flare : Flare baseline | Third flare : Day 8 | Third flare : Day 15 | Third flare : Day 28 | Third flare : Week 12 | Fourth flare : Study baseline | Fourth flare : Flare baseline | Fourth flare : Day 8 | Fourth flare : Day 15 | Fourth flare : Day 28 | Fourth flare : Week 12 | Fifth flare : Study baseline | Fifth flare : Flare baseline | Fifth flare : Day 8 | Fifth flare : Day 15 | Fifth flare : Day 28 | Fifth flare : Week 12 | |
Anakinra 100 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Anakinra 200 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
This endpoint represents the level of of endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist /anakinra (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: Baseline (predose) and at 72 hours, Day 8, Day 15, Day 28 and Week 12 for the first flare and subsequent flares treated during the extension period
Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First flare : Baseline | First flare : 72 hours | First flare : Day 8 | First flare : Day 15 | First flare : Day 28 | First flare : Week 12 | Second flare : Baseline | Second flare : 72 hours | Second flare : Day 8 | Second flare : Day 15 | Second flare : Day 28 | Second flare : Week 12 | Third flare : Baseline | Third flare : 72 hours | Third flare : Day 8 | Third flare : Day 15 | Third flare : Day 28 | Third flare : Week 12 | Fourth flare : Baseline | Fourth flare : 72 hours | Fourth flare : Day 8 | Fourth flare : Day 15 | Fourth flare : Day 28 | Fourth flare : Week 12 | Fifth flare : Baseline | Fifthe flare : 72 hours | Fifthe flare : Day 8 | Fifthe flare : Day 15 | Fifthe flare : Day 28 | |
Anakinra 100 mg | 4.883 | 267.744 | 6.750 | 1.588 | 1.659 | 1.625 | 1.718 | 254.930 | 7.048 | 1.595 | 1.692 | 1.681 | 1.50 | 196.67 | 5.56 | 1.63 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 184.40 | 1.89 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 2.66 | 1.50 | 129.20 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 3.31 |
This endpoint represents the level of of endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist /anakinra (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: Baseline (predose) and at 72 hours, Day 8, Day 15, Day 28 and Week 12 for the first flare and subsequent flares treated during the extension period
Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First flare : Baseline | First flare : 72 hours | First flare : Day 8 | First flare : Day 15 | First flare : Day 28 | First flare : Week 12 | Second flare : Baseline | Second flare : 72 hours | Second flare : Day 8 | Second flare : Day 15 | Second flare : Day 28 | Second flare : Week 12 | Third flare : Baseline | Third flare : 72 hours | Third flare : Day 8 | Third flare : Day 15 | Third flare : Day 28 | Third flare : Week 12 | Fourth flare : Baseline | Fourth flare : 72 hours | Fourth flare : Day 8 | Fourth flare : Day 15 | Fourth flare : Day 28 | Fourth flare : Week 12 | Fifth flare : Baseline | Fifthe flare : 72 hours | Fifthe flare : Day 8 | Fifthe flare : Day 15 | Fifthe flare : Day 28 | Fifth flare : Week 12 | |
Anakinra 200 mg | 1.950 | 628.053 | 34.777 | 1.574 | 1.779 | 1.719 | 1.500 | 719.667 | 48.785 | 1.500 | 1.500 | 1.692 | 1.50 | 431.63 | 10.70 | 1.50 | 2.47 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 916.62 | 20.62 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 292.35 | 6.39 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 |
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 2.032 | 1.974 | 1.692 | 1.533 | 1.635 | 1.500 | 1.748 | 1.628 | 3.141 | 1.845 | 1.975 | 2.920 | 2.05 | 1.85 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.85 | 2.85 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 |
Exploratory objective. The EQ-5D-5L, a self-report questionnaire, is a descriptive system of Health related quality of life (HRQL) states consisting of 5 dimensions (Mobility, Self-care, Usual activities, Pain/Discomfort, Anxiety/Depression), each of which can have 5 responses. The responses record 5 levels of severity (no problems/slight problems/moderate problems/severe problems/extreme problems) within a particular EQ-5D dimension. (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: at baseline, Day 8 and Day 15 for the first flare treated in the study
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Mobility scores : Day 872108321 | Mobility scores : Day 872108322 | Mobility scores : Day 872108320 | Mobility scores : Day 1572108320 | Mobility scores : Day 1572108322 | Mobility scores : Day 1572108321 | Self-care scores : Day 872108320 | Self-care scores : Day 872108321 | Self-care scores : Day 872108322 | Selfcare scores : Day 1572108321 | Selfcare scores : Day 1572108320 | Selfcare scores : Day 1572108322 | Usual activities scores : Day 872108320 | Usual activities scores : Day 872108322 | Usual activities scores : Day 872108321 | Usual activities scores : Day 1572108321 | Usual activities scores : Day 1572108320 | Usual activities scores : Day 1572108322 | Pain/discomfort scores : Day 872108320 | Pain/discomfort scores : Day 872108322 | Pain/discomfort scores : Day 872108321 | Pain/discomfort scores : Day 1572108322 | Pain/discomfort scores : Day 1572108321 | Pain/discomfort scores : Day 1572108320 | Anxiety/depression scores : Day 872108320 | Anxiety/depression scores : Day 872108322 | Anxiety/depression scores : Day 872108321 | Anxiety/depression scores : Day 1572108320 | Anxiety/depression scores : Day 1572108321 | Anxiety/depression scores : Day 1572108322 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Improvement 2 step | Improvement 1 step | No change | Improvement 4 step | Improvement 3 step | Deterioration 1 steps | Deterioration 2 steps | Deterioration 3 steps | Detorioration 4 steps | Missing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 200 mg | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 100 mg | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 200 mg | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 200 mg | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 100 mg | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 100 mg | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 100 mg | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 200 mg | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 100 mg | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 200 mg | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 100 mg | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 200 mg | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 200 mg | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 200 mg | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 200 mg | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 100 mg | 27 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 200 mg | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 100 mg | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 200 mg | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 100 mg | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 200 mg | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 100 mg | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 200 mg | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 200 mg | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 100 mg | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 100 mg | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 200 mg | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 200 mg | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 100 mg | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 200 mg | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 100 mg | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 200 mg | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 100 mg | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 100 mg | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 100 mg | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 100 mg | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 100 mg | 33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 200 mg | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anakinra 100 mg | 12 |
5-point Likert scale (0- to 4-point scale: 0=excellent, 1=very good, 2=good, 3=fair, 4=poor response to treatment) where lower rate indicates better response to treatment (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: at 72 hours, Day 8 and Day 15 for the first flare treated in the study
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
72 hours : Excellent | 72 hours : Very good | 72 hours : Good | 72 hours : Fair | 72 hours : Poor | 72 hours : Missing | Day 8 : Excellent | Day 8 : Very good | Day 8 : Good | Day 8 : Fair | Day 8 : Poor | Day 8 : Missing | Day 15 : Excellent | Day 15 : Very good | Day 15 : Good | Day 15 : Fair | Day 15 : Poor | Day 15 : Missing | |
Anakinra 100 mg | 10 | 19 | 14 | 4 | 1 | 8 | 16 | 21 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 7 | 19 | 13 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 11 |
Anakinra 200 mg | 18 | 9 | 15 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 19 | 13 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 12 | 21 | 11 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 8 |
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 11 | 13 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 13 | 9 | 16 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 12 | 14 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 13 |
Time to first intake of rescue medication for acute gout, measured in hours from first investigational drug administration (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: From Day 1 to Day 15 for the first flare treated
Intervention | Hours (Median) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone 40 mg | NA |
Anakinra 100 mg | NA |
Anakinra 200 mg | NA |
Onset of effect defined as 20% change from baseline pain intensity in the index joint on a visual analogue scale (VAS) (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: From baseline (predose) up to Day15 of the first flare treated in the study
Intervention | Hours (Median) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 22.3 |
Anakinra 100 mg | 11.8 |
Anakinra 200 mg | 19.8 |
Resolution of pain defined as <10 mm on VAS, a continuous 0 to 100 mm visual analogue scale, ranging from no pain (0) to unbearable pain (100), in the index joint (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: From baseline (predose) up to Day15 of the first flare
Intervention | Hours (Median) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 167.5 |
Anakinra 100 mg | 131.8 |
Anakinra 200 mg | 119.8 |
Response defined as 50% change from baseline pain intensity on a visual analogue scale (VAS) (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: From baseline (predose) up to Day15 of the first flare treated in the study
Intervention | Hours (Median) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 47.6 |
Anakinra 100 mg | 43.0 |
Anakinra 200 mg | 46.9 |
All adverse events to be recorded Day 1 - Day 28 for each flare. Serious adverse events (SAE) will be collected from informed consent until week 12 for each flare. Any SAE with suspected causal relationship should be reported irrespective of the time of occurrence. (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: Through study completion, at 12 weeks after last flare treated during the extension period
Intervention | Percent (Number) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 40.7 |
Anakinra 100 mg | 38.2 |
Anakinra 200 mg | 55.8 |
Serious Adverse Events (SAE) will be collected from informed consent until week 12 for each flare. Any SAE with suspected causal relationship should be reported irrespective of the time of occurrence. (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: Through study completion, at 12 weeks after last flare treated during the extension period
Intervention | Percent (Number) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 0 |
Anakinra 100 mg | 7.3 |
Anakinra 200 mg | 0 |
SF-36® measures the impact of disease on overall quality of life. It consists of 8 individual domains. Score range from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst possible health and 100 is perfect health. (NCT03002974)
Timeframe: at baseline, Day 8 and Day 15 for the first flare treated in the study
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |
---|---|---|
Day 8 | Day 15 | |
Anakinra 100 mg | 10.5 | 12.2 |
Anakinra 200 mg | 10.4 | 9.4 |
Triamcinolone 40 mg | 8.0 | 11.8 |
Time to EASI-50 is defined as the interval between the time of randomization and the time of achieving at least 50% improvement in EASI score. (NCT03011892)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 8
Intervention | week (Median) |
---|---|
DB: Vehicle BID | 4 |
DB: TAC 0.1% BID/Vehicle Cream BID | 2 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 0.15% QD | 4 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 0.5% QD | 2 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 1.5% QD | 2 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 1.5% BID | 2 |
EASI is a validated composite scoring system integrating the proportion of the body region (area) involved and the intensity of key signs of atopic dermatitis (AD). The EASI score examines 4 areas of the body and weights them for participants 8 years of age and older as follows: Head/Neck (H) = 0.1, Upper limbs (UL) = 0.2, Trunk (T) = 0.3, and Lower limbs (LL) = 0.4. The severity strata for the EASI are as follows: 0 = clear; 0.1 to 1.0 = almost clear; 1.1 to 7.0 = mild; 7.1 to 21.0 = moderate; 21.1 to 50.0 = severe; 50.1 to 72.0 = very severe. The total EASI score for each region is calculated by multiplying the severity score by the area score, with adjustment for the proportion of the body region to the whole body. The total EASI score ranges from 0 to 72. A higher score indicated worse disease status, and a negative change from baseline indicated improvement. (NCT03011892)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
Intervention | percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
DB: TAC 0.1% BID/Vehicle Cream BID | -59.54 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 0.15% QD | -44.92 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 0.5% QD | -52.80 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 1.5% QD | -66.72 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 1.5% BID | -71.57 |
EASI is a validated composite scoring system integrating the proportion of the body region (area) involved and the intensity of key signs of atopic dermatitis (AD). The EASI score examines 4 areas of the body and weights them for participants 8 years of age and older as follows: Head/Neck (H) = 0.1, Upper limbs (UL) = 0.2, Trunk (T) = 0.3, and Lower limbs (LL) = 0.4. The severity strata for the EASI are as follows: 0 = clear; 0.1 to 1.0 = almost clear; 1.1 to 7.0 = mild; 7.1 to 21.0 = moderate; 21.1 to 50.0 = severe; 50.1 to 72.0 = very severe. The total EASI score for each region is calculated by multiplying the severity score by the area score, with adjustment for the proportion of the body region to the whole body. The total EASI score ranges from 0 to 72. A higher score indicated worse disease status, and a negative change from baseline indicated improvement. (NCT03011892)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 2 and 8
Intervention | percent change (Least Squares Mean) | |
---|---|---|
Week 2 | Week 8 | |
DB: Ruxolitinib 0.15% QD | -29.96 | -50.24 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 0.5% QD | -45.88 | -58.37 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 1.5% BID | -52.68 | -79.01 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 1.5% QD | -49.88 | -67.05 |
DB: TAC 0.1% BID/Vehicle Cream BID | -39.94 | -58.02 |
DB: Vehicle BID | -4.84 | -21.86 |
EASI is a validated composite scoring system integrating the proportion of the body region (area) involved and the intensity of key signs of atopic dermatitis (AD). The EASI score examines 4 areas of the body and weights them for participants 8 years of age and older as follows: Head/Neck (H) = 0.1, Upper limbs (UL) = 0.2, Trunk (T) = 0.3, and Lower limbs (LL) = 0.4. The severity strata for the EASI are as follows: 0 = clear; 0.1 to 1.0 = almost clear; 1.1 to 7.0 = mild; 7.1 to 21.0 = moderate; 21.1 to 50.0 = severe; 50.1 to 72.0 = very severe. The total EASI score for each region is calculated by multiplying the severity score by the area score, with adjustment for the proportion of the body region to the whole body. The total EASI score ranges from 0 to 72. A higher score indicated worse disease status, and a negative change from baseline indicated improvement. (NCT03011892)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
---|---|
DB: Vehicle BID | -15.5 |
DB: TAC 0.1% BID/Vehicle Cream BID | -59.8 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 0.15% QD | -45.4 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 0.5% QD | -52.2 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 1.5% QD | -67.0 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 1.5% BID | -71.6 |
EASI is a validated composite scoring system integrating the proportion of the body region (area) involved and the intensity of key signs of atopic dermatitis (AD). The EASI score examines 4 areas of the body and weights them for participants 8 years of age and older as follows: Head/Neck (H) = 0.1, Upper limbs (UL) = 0.2, Trunk (T) = 0.3, and Lower limbs (LL) = 0.4. The severity strata for the EASI are as follows: 0 = clear; 0.1 to 1.0 = almost clear; 1.1 to 7.0 = mild; 7.1 to 21.0 = moderate; 21.1 to 50.0 = severe; 50.1 to 72.0 = very severe. The total EASI score for each region is calculated by multiplying the severity score by the area score, with adjustment for the proportion of the body region to the whole body. The total EASI score ranges from 0 to 72. A higher score indicated worse disease status, and a negative change from baseline indicated improvement. (NCT03011892)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
Intervention | percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
DB: Vehicle BID | -11.90 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 0.15% QD | -44.92 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 0.5% QD | -52.80 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 1.5% QD | -66.72 |
"The Itch NRS is a once-per-24 hours (daily) participant-reported measure of itch intensity to rate the itching severity because of their AD by selecting a number from 0 (no itch) to 10 (worst imaginable itch) that best describes their worst level of itching in the past 24 hours. The categorical NRS is defined as 0 = None, 1 to 3 = Mild, 4 to 6 = Moderate, and 7 to 10 = Severe." (NCT03011892)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 2, 4 and 8
Intervention | score on scale (Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Change from Baseline at Week 2 | Change from Baseline at Week 4 | Change from Baseline at Week 8 | |
DB: Ruxolitinib 0.15% QD | 6.1 | -1.9 | -2.3 | -3.0 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 0.5% QD | 6.2 | -2.5 | -2.6 | -2.9 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 1.5% BID | 5.9 | -3.7 | -4.0 | -4.2 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 1.5% QD | 6.2 | -3.1 | -3.3 | -3.8 |
DB: TAC 0.1% BID/ Vehicle BID | 5.2 | -2.2 | -2.5 | -2.2 |
DB: Vehicle BID | 6.0 | -0.7 | -1.0 | -1.2 |
The categorical variable EASI-50 will be equal to 1 for percentage improvement from baseline in EASI score of 50% or greater and will be equal to 0 for percentage improvement of less than 50%. This definition is introduced for the purpose of identifying participants who respond to the treatment (1 = responder, 0 = non-responder). (NCT03011892)
Timeframe: Week 2, 4 and 8
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Week 2 | Week 4 | Week 8 | |
DB: Ruxolitinib 0.15% QD | 31.4 | 52.9 | 54.9 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 0.5% QD | 57.1 | 58.8 | 62.7 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 1.5% BID | 52.0 | 78.0 | 76.0 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 1.5% QD | 50.0 | 73.1 | 69.2 |
DB: TAC 0.1% BID/Vehicle Cream BID | 43.1 | 66.7 | 60.8 |
DB: Vehicle BID | 13.5 | 23.1 | 26.9 |
EASI is a validated composite scoring system integrating the proportion of the body region (area) involved and the intensity of key signs of atopic dermatitis (AD). The EASI score examines 4 areas of the body and weights them for participants 8 years of age and older as follows: Head/Neck (H) = 0.1, Upper limbs (UL) = 0.2, Trunk (T) = 0.3, and Lower limbs (LL) = 0.4. The severity strata for the EASI are as follows: 0 = clear; 0.1 to 1.0 = almost clear; 1.1 to 7.0 = mild; 7.1 to 21.0 = moderate; 21.1 to 50.0 = severe; 50.1 to 72.0 = very severe. The total EASI score for each region is calculated by multiplying the severity score by the area score, with adjustment for the proportion of the body region to the whole body. The total EASI score ranges from 0 to 72. A higher score indicated worse disease status, and a negative change from baseline indicated improvement. (NCT03011892)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
Intervention | percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
DB: Vehicle BID | -11.90 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 1.5% BID | -71.57 |
IGA is an assessment scale used to determine severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) and clinical response to treatment on a 5-point scale (0 = clear; 1 = almost clear; 2 = mild; 3 = moderate; 4 = severe) based on erythema and papulation/infiltration. Therapeutic response was an IGA score of 0 (clear) or 1 (almost clear). An IGA responder was defined as a participant achieving an IGA score of 0 to 1 and an IGA score improvement at least 2 from baseline. (NCT03011892)
Timeframe: Week 2, 4 and 8
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Week 2 | Week 4 | Week 8 | |
DB: Ruxolitinib 0.15% QD | 5.9 | 9.8 | 15.7 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 0.5% QD | 4.1 | 13.7 | 31.4 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 1.5% BID | 8.0 | 38.0 | 48.0 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 1.5% QD | 13.5 | 21.2 | 30.8 |
DB: TAC 0.1% BID/Vehicle Cream BID | 11.8 | 25.5 | 17.6 |
DB: Vehicle BID | 1.9 | 7.7 | 9.6 |
AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence associated with the use of a drug in humans, whether or not considered drug related, that occurs after a participant provides informed consent. The severity of AEs was assessed using CTCAE v4.03 Grades 1 through 4.Data are reported for Grade 3 and higher severity for this outcome measure. (NCT03011892)
Timeframe: Up to Week 24
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
---|---|---|
At Least One AE | Grade 3 and Higher | |
DB: Ruxolitinib 0.15% QD | 19 | 0 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 0.5% QD | 11 | 1 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 1.5% BID | 12 | 1 |
DB: Ruxolitinib 1.5% QD | 17 | 0 |
DB: TAC 0.1% BID/Vehicle Cream BID | 17 | 2 |
DB: Vehicle BID | 17 | 0 |
OL: Ruxolitinib 0.15% QD to Ruxolitinib 1.5% BID | 11 | 0 |
OL: Ruxolitinib 0.5% QD to Ruxolitinib 1.5% BID | 8 | 0 |
OL: Ruxolitinib 1.5% BID | 17 | 0 |
OL: Ruxolitinib 1.5% QD to Ruxolitinib 1.5% BID | 11 | 0 |
OL: TAC BID/Vehicle Cream BID to Ruxolitinib 1.5% BID | 11 | 1 |
OL: Vehicle BID to Ruxolitinib 1.5% BID | 5 | 0 |
Number of patients with treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). An adverse event (AE) is the development of an undesirable medical condition or the deterioration of a preexisting medical condition after or during exposure to a pharmaceutical product, whether or not considered causally related to the product. A TEAE is an AE occurring on or after the date of the first dose of study drug or worsening relative to the pre-treatment state. An SAE is an AE that fulfils one or more of the following: results in death; is immediately life-threatening; requires hospitalization nor prolongation of hospitalization; results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity; results in a congenital abnormality or birth defect; or is an important medical event that may jeopardize the subject or may require medical intervention to present one of the outcomes listed above. (NCT03097315)
Timeframe: Baseline to 24 weeks
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
---|---|---|
Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events | Serious Adverse Events | |
4 mg CLS-TA Suprachoriodal Injection | 27 | 1 |
Intraocular pressure is the fluid pressure inside the eye. Tonometry is the method eye care professionals use to determine this. IOP is an important aspect in the evaluation of patients at risk of glaucoma. Tonometers in this study were calibrated to measure pressure in millimeters of mercury. (NCT03097315)
Timeframe: Baseline, 24 Weeks
Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
---|---|---|
Baseline | Week 24 | |
4 mg CLS-TA Suprachoriodal Injection | 13.3 | 15.2 |
The anterior chamber is the aqueous humor-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea's innermost surface, the endothelium. The grading of cellular reaction in the anterior chamber helps in the assessment of the severity of uveitis. In this study, anterior chamber cells were graded following the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature working group recommendations. The following scale was used to grade the cells in the field: 0 = <1, 0.5+ = 1-5, 1+ = 6-15, 2+ = 16-25, 3+ = 26-50, and 4+ = >50 cells. A lower grade represents less inflammation in the eye. (NCT03097315)
Timeframe: Baseline, 24 Weeks
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
---|---|---|
Baseline | Week 24 | |
4 mg CLS-TA Suprachoriodal Injection | 17 | 31 |
The vitreous body is that part of the eye that fills the space in the center of the eye. The primary purpose of the vitreous body is to keep the center of the eye clear so that light can get to the retina and vision can begin. Vitreous haze involves the obstruction of the back of the eye by vitreous cells and protein exudation. In this study, vitreous haze was graded following a standardized photographic scale ranging from 0 to 4. The following scale was used to grade the vitreous haze: 0 = no inflammation, +0.5 = trace inflammation, +1 = mild blurring of the retinal vessels and optic nerve, +1.5 = optic nerve head and posterior retina view obscuration greater than +1 but less than +2, +2 = moderate blurring of the optic nerve head, +3 = marked blurring of the optic nerve head, +4 = optic nerve head not visible. A lower grade represents less inflammation in the eye. (NCT03097315)
Timeframe: Baseline, 24 Weeks
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
---|---|---|
Baseline | Week 24 | |
4 mg CLS-TA Suprachoriodal Injection | 17 | 34 |
The anterior chamber is the aqueous humor-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea's innermost surface, the endothelium. The grading of intraocular inflammation or flare in the anterior chamber helps in the assessment of the severity of uveitis. In this study, anterior chamber flare was graded following the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature working group recommendations. The following scale was used to grade the flare: 0 = none, 1+ = faint, 2+ moderate (iris and lens details clear), 3+ = marked (iris and lens details hazy), 4+ = intense (fibrin or plastic aqueous). A lower grade represents less inflammation in the eye. (NCT03097315)
Timeframe: Baseline, 24 Weeks
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
---|---|---|
Baseline | Week 24 | |
4 mg CLS-TA Suprachoriodal Injection | 27 | 34 |
To assess the difference in change in quality-of-life due to rash at Visit 4 from Visit 1 between the two treatment groups. FACT-EGFRI 18 is an 18-question assessment for cancer patients undergoing EGFR treatment. The scoring range is 0-72, with 72 indicating more severe functional impact. (NCT03115567)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Control | 14.25 |
Triamcinolone | 4.57 |
This measure is to determine if the control group discontinues their chemotherapy regimen more often than the treatment group (NCT03115567)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Control | 1 |
Triamcinolone | 3 |
To assess the difference in percentage of participants who develop a grade 2 or greater rash in the control group as compared to the case group of preemptive treatment with topical steroids (triamcinolone 0.1% cream for application to face, chest and back) when administered concomitantly for 6 weeks with erlotinib, cetuximab, panitumumab, or afatinib to prevent papulopustular eruptions. (NCT03115567)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Control | 0 |
Triamcinolone | 1 |
Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) refers to the measurement of the best possible vision that can be achieved following refraction or correction. BCVA was assessed following the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) protocol and was measured in the number of letters read correctly on an ETDRS eye chart. An increase from the pre-treatment state in BCVA of 15 letters or more represents a clinically meaningful improvement. (NCT03126786)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 months
Intervention | letters (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Active | 11.4 |
Control | 13.8 |
Central subfield thickness (CST) is a diagnostic measurement used in identifying the presence of edema in the circular area 1 mm in diameter centered around the fovea. CST was measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). A masked reading center graded the SD-OCT digital images. A negative change from baseline value represents a reduction in macular edema. (NCT03126786)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 months
Intervention | microns (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Active | -212.1 |
Control | -178.6 |
Change in strength in both groups greater than or equal to 20% weakness in one or more myotomes 30 minutes after CESI using a hand held Dynamometer. (NCT03127137)
Timeframe: 30 minutes after the CESI procedure
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
---|---|---|
Yes, greater or equal to 20% weakness in greater or equal to 1 or more myotome | No, greater or equal to 20% weakness in greater or equal to 1 or more myotome | |
Experimental Group 1 With Lidocaine | 25 | 35 |
Experimental Group 2 With Saline | 30 | 30 |
The change from baseline of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Physical Function Score comparing the Cingal and TH arms (ITT Population). The WOMAC Physical Function Score is a validated visual analog scale from 0 = no limitations in function to 100 mm = highest limitations in function. A negative number for the change from baseline indicates improvement in physical function. A greater negative difference from baseline means a better outcome. (NCT03191903)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -42.6 |
Monovisc | -42.4 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -42.4 |
The responder rate as identified by the Outcomes Measures for Rheumatic Arthritis Clinical Trials-Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OMERACT-OARSI) responder index at 26 weeks post treatment comparing the Cingal® group to the TH group. The OMERACT-OARSI responder index is a proportion of subjects that met the criteria to be a responder. (NCT03191903)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
---|---|
Cingal | 91.24 |
Monovisc | 93.63 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | 94.59 |
The usage of rescue medication (acetominophen) through 26 weeks post treatment in the Cingal group compared to the TH group using the ITT population. (NCT03191903)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
Intervention | pills (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | 5.4 |
Monovisc | 5.9 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | 6.3 |
The change from baseline in knee pain as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain Score comparing the Cingal group to the Monovisc group. The WOMAC Pain Score is a validated visual analog scale from 0 mm = no pain to 100 mm = highest pain level. A negative number for the change from baseline indicates reduction in pain. A greater negative difference from baseline means a better outcome. (NCT03191903)
Timeframe: 3 weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -42.6 |
Monovisc | -39.5 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -41.3 |
The change from baseline in knee stiffness as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Stiffness Score comparing the Cingal group to the TH group. The WOMAC Stiffness Score is a validated visual analog scale from 0 = no stiffness to 100 = highest stiffness level. A negative number for the change from baseline indicates reduction in knee stiffness. A greater negative difference from baseline means a better outcome. (NCT03191903)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -39.4 |
Monovisc | -41.1 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -38.5 |
"The change from baseline in the Patient Global Assessment (PGA) between the Cingal and TH arms (ITT population). The PGA is completed by the subject answering the question Considering all the ways the osteoarthritis in your index knee bothers you, what is your assessment of how much your knee is bothering you today? The PGA is scored on a visual analog scale, where 0 = the patient is not bothered to 100 mm = the patient is bothered to the highest degree. A negative number for the change from baseline indicates an improvement in the patient assessment. A greater negative difference means a better outcome." (NCT03191903)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -37.2 |
Monovisc | -37.3 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -37.9 |
"The change from baseline in the Evaluator Global Assessment between the Cingal and TH arms (ITT population). The Evaluator Global Assessment is completed by the Blinded Outcomes Assessor, and answers the question Considering all the ways the osteoarthritis in the patient's index knee bothers him/her, what is your assessment of how much the patient's knee is bothering him/her today? The Evaluator Global Assessment is scored on a visual analog scale where 0 = the patient is not bothered, to 100 mm = the patient is bothered to the highest degree. A negative number for the change from baseline indicates improvement in the assessment. A greater negative difference means a better outcome." (NCT03191903)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -37.4 |
Monovisc | -36.4 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -38.8 |
The change from baseline in Total Score as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) comparing the Cingal group to the TH group. The Total WOMAC Score combines the three 0-to-100 point scores from the WOMAC Pain Score, the WOMAC Stiffness Score, and the WOMAC Physical Function Score for a Total Score from 0 = no symptoms to 300 = highest degrees of pain, stiffness, and functional limitation symptoms. A negative number for the change from baseline indicates reduction in pain, stiffness and function limitations. A greater negative difference from baseline means a better outcome. (NCT03191903)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -128.3 |
Monovisc | -130.1 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -125.9 |
The change from baseline in knee pain as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain Score comparing the Cingal group to the Monovisc group. The WOMAC Pain Score is a validated visual analog scale from 0 mm = no pain to 100 mm = highest pain level. A negative number for the change from baseline indicates reduction in pain. A greater negative difference from baseline means a better outcome. (NCT03191903)
Timeframe: 1 week
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -35.3 |
Monovisc | -33.0 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide | -34.5 |
The change from baseline in knee pain as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain Score comparing the Cingal group to the TH group. The WOMAC Pain Score is a validated visual analog scale from 0 mm = no pain to 100 mm = highest pain level. A negative number for the change from baseline indicates reduction in pain. A greater negative difference from baseline means a better outcome. (NCT03191903)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -46.4 |
Monovisc | -46.6 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -45.0 |
The change from baseline in knee pain as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain Score comparing the Cingal group to the Monovisc group. The WOMAC Pain Score is a validated visual analog scale from 0 mm = no pain to 100 mm = highest pain level. A negative number for the change from baseline indicates reduction in pain. A greater negative difference from baseline means a better outcome. (NCT03191903)
Timeframe: 3 Weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -43.4 |
Monovisc | -39.8 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -42.5 |
Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) refers to the measurement of the best possible vision that can be achieved following refraction or correction. BCVA was assessed following the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) protocol and was measured in the number of letters read correctly on an ETDRS eye chart. An increase from the pre-treatment state in BCVA of 15 letters or more represents a clinically meaningful improvement. (NCT03203447)
Timeframe: 2 months
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Active | 64 |
Control | 76 |
Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) refers to the measurement of the best possible vision that can be achieved following refraction or correction. BCVA was assessed following the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) protocol and was measured in the number of letters read correctly on an ETDRS eye chart. A positive change from baseline value represents an improvement in vision. (NCT03203447)
Timeframe: 6 months
Intervention | letters (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Active | 13.8 |
Control | 20.7 |
Central subfield thickness (CST) is a diagnostic measurement used in identifying the presence of edema in the circular area 1 mm in diameter centered around the fovea. CST was measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). A masked reading center graded the SD-OCT digital images. A negative change from baseline value represents a reduction in macular edema. (NCT03203447)
Timeframe: 6 months
Intervention | microns (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Active | -353.6 |
Control | -374.7 |
"Plasma drug concentrations (pg/mL) by Time Point across FX006 and TAcs treatment arms in plasma.~For the PK analysis and individual concentration vs. time plots, a concentration that is BLOQ is assigned a value of zero if it occurs in a profile before the first measurable concentration. If a BLOQ value occurs after a measurable concentration in a profile and is followed by a value above the lower limit of quantification, then the BLOQ is treated as missing data. If a BLOQ value occurs at the end of the collection interval (after the last quantifiable concentration) it is set to zero. If two BLOQ values occur in succession after Cmax, the profile is deemed to have terminated at the first BLOQ value and any subsequent concentrations are set to zero for PK calculations" (NCT03378076)
Timeframe: 43 days
Intervention | pg/mL (Geometric Mean) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day 1- Hour 1 | Day 1 - Hour 2 | Day 1 - Hour 3 | Day 1 - Hour 4 | Day 1 - Hour 5 | Day 1 - Hour 6 | Day 1 - Hour 8 | Day 1 - Hour 10 | Day 1 - Hour 12 | Day 2 - Hour 24 | Day 8 | Day 15 | Day 29 | Day 43 | |
FX006 32 mg | 1801.5 | 1893.6 | 1958.1 | 2013.8 | 1914.4 | 1900.2 | 1928.1 | 1839.8 | 1793.9 | 1948.8 | 1397.0 | 956.2 | 445.8 | 265.8 |
TAcs 40 mg | 4507.9 | 5140.1 | 5443.8 | 5454.2 | 5338.9 | 5430.6 | 5199.0 | 4948.8 | 4507.8 | 4185.4 | 450.8 | 428.7 | 334.6 | 241.0 |
"Safety analyses were conducted using the safety population.~Analyses of adverse events will be performed for those events that are considered treatment emergent, where treatment emergent is defined as any adverse event with onset after the administration of study medication in the first knee through the end of the study or any event that was present at baseline but worsened in intensity through the end of the study. Severity of Adverse events were graded by the Principal Investigator using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0. The grading went from Grade 1 (Mild) to Grade 5 (Death related to AE)." (NCT03378076)
Timeframe: 43 days
Intervention | participants (Number) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patients with TEAE Grade 1 | Patients with TEAE Grade 2 | Patients with TEAE Grade 3 | Patients with TEAE Grade 4 | Patients with TEAE Grade 5 | |
FX006 32 mg | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
TAcs 40 mg | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Incidence of moderate to severe contact dermatitis in patients treated concurrently with Triamcinolone 0.1% ointment versus those that are not. Dermatitis will be defined as a finding of cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of treatment. This will be assessed by the SCORD (SCORing Dermatitis) tool and may be confirmed by biopsy of the specimen. Moderate to Severe Contact dermatitis is defined as >25 by SCORD. (NCT03380026)
Timeframe: 4 months
Intervention | patients (Number) |
---|---|
Valchlor 0.016% Topical Gel | 16 |
Valchlor Plus Triamcinolone | 11 |
Efficacy of Valchlor therapy with Triamcinolone compared to Valchlor using a composite assessment of index lesion severity (CAILS). CAILS is an objective, quantitative, method to assess the extent of skin lesions. Skin lesions and erythema will be evaluated using CAILS. A Composite Assessment will be generated for each time point by a summation of the grades for each index lesion's erythema, scaling, plaque elevation, hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation, and area of involvement. The index lesion grade at baseline will be divided into the grade at each subsequent study visit to determine the subject's response to treatment. Any ratio of the grade obtained at the visit vs. the one obtained at baseline that is >1.0 will indicate worsening of disease. (NCT03380026)
Timeframe: 4 months
Intervention | CAILS score (Mean) | |
---|---|---|
Average CAILS score at Baseline | Average CAILS score at Month 4 | |
Valchlor 0.016% Topical Gel | 8.6 | 11.4 |
Valchlor Plus Triamcinolone | 7.0 | 12.0 |
"Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) differences between lesions treated with Valchlor and Triamcinolone versus lesions treated with Valchlor only. SCORAD measures the extent and severity of dermatitis. The percentage of total body surface area (0-100) covered by a lesion is measured by an investigator, and this number corresponds to score A. The intensity criteria are met by scoring erythema, edema/papulation, oozing/crusting, excoriation, xerosis, and thickness on a scale of 0-3 (0=none, 1=mild, 2=Moderate, 3=Severe). These values are summed to give a total score, B. Subjective symptoms of pruritus and insomnia are then scored using visual analogue scales ranging from 0-10 (0=none, 10=worst imaginable), and the result of each is summed to give score C. The final score is then calculated by the formula A/5 + 7B/2 + C. The lowest possible score is 0, and the highest possible score is 103. A higher score indicates a worse outcome.~A lower score would be a better outcome." (NCT03380026)
Timeframe: 4 months
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Valchlor 0.016% Topical Gel | 24.8 |
Valchlor Plus Triamcinolone | 12.7 |
Analyses of adverse events (AE) were performed for events considered treatment-emergent (TE). TE was defined as any AE with onset after administration of the 1st dose of study drug or any event present at baseline but worsened in intensity through the study. Severity was graded by the PI using the Common Terminology Criteria for AEs Version 4.0. Grading went from Grade 1 (Mild) to Grade 5 (Death Related to AE). (NCT03382262)
Timeframe: 12 Weeks
Intervention | Events (Number) |
---|---|
FX006 32 mg Shoulder | 10 |
TAcs 40 mg Shoulder | 7 |
FX006 32 mg Hip | 8 |
TAcs 40 mg Hip | 17 |
"Characterize the Pharmacokinetic Profile of FX006 and TCA IR [Time Frame: Day 1 (pre-treatment,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8,10, and 12 hrs. post-dose) and Days 2, 3, 5, 8, 15, 22, 29, 57,and 85]~For the PK analysis and individual concentration vs. time plots, a concentration that is BLOQ is assigned a value of zero if it occurs in a profile before the first measurable concentration. If a BLOQ value occurs after a measurable concentration in a profile and is followed by a value above the lower limit of quantification, then the BLOQ is treated as missing data. If a BLOQ value occurs at the end of the collection interval (after the last quantifiable concentration) it is set to zero. If two BLOQ values occur in succession after Cmax, the profile is deemed to have terminated at the first BLOQ value and any subsequent concentrations are set to zero for PK calculations" (NCT03382262)
Timeframe: 12 Weeks
Intervention | pg/mL (Geometric Mean) | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day 1 - Hour 1 | Day 1 - Hour 2 | Day 1 - Hour 3 | Day 1 - Hour 4 | Day 1 - Hour 5 | Day 1 - Hour 6 | Day 1 - Hour 8 | Day 1 - Hour 10 | Day 1 - Hour 12 | Day 2 - Hour 24 | Day - 3 | Day - 5 | Day - 8 | Day - 15 | Day - 22 | Day - 29 | Day - 57 | Day - 85 | |
FX006 32 mg Hip | 681.8 | 752.2 | 748.0 | 776.1 | 792.9 | 743.5 | 705.0 | 698.2 | 675.1 | 791.0 | 682.1 | 562.4 | 472.3 | 382.6 | 235.0 | 256.3 | 225.1 | 112.0 |
FX006 32 mg Shoulder | 1061.8 | 1117.6 | 1140.0 | 1142.4 | 1093.8 | 1052.8 | 1016.2 | 951.4 | 903.8 | 943.4 | 903.4 | 754.6 | 678.1 | 397.6 | 268.3 | 201.0 | 151.8 | 100.1 |
TAcs 40 mg Hip | 3862.3 | 4052.4 | 4519.3 | 4557.8 | 4672.6 | 4469.8 | 4102.3 | 3615.6 | 3276.2 | 3218.8 | 1723.6 | 897.3 | 525.3 | 444.7 | 331.6 | 281.8 | 133.1 | 92.5 |
TAcs 40 mg Shoulder | 1104.1 | 1344.8 | 1501.8 | 1594.1 | 1662.7 | 1689.6 | 1668.3 | 1506.3 | 1531.3 | 1467.0 | 1413.1 | 1038.2 | 857.8 | 722.7 | 476.7 | 418.7 | 200 | 131.4 |
Percentage of patients with >30% improvement in Neck Disability Index-5 score. (NCT03382821)
Timeframe: 1 month, 3 month, 6 month, and 1 year follow up
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
One month | Three month | Six month | One year | |
Transforaminal Catheter-targeted ESI With Triamcinolone | 62 | 58 | 56 | 60 |
Transforaminal ESI With Dexamethasone | 48 | 56 | 55 | 47 |
"Patient Global Impression of Change is a scale which measures participant reported satisfaction after an intervention. The outcome was measured as the percent of patients reporting a PGIC score of 6-7 (indicating much improved and very much improved)" (NCT03382821)
Timeframe: 1 month, 3 month, 6 month, and 1 year follow up
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
One month | Three months | Six months | One year | |
Transforaminal Catheter-targeted ESI With Triamcinolone | 59 | 57 | 53 | 61 |
Transforaminal ESI With Dexamethasone | 41 | 42 | 55 | 57 |
The Medication Quantification Scale (MQS) is an instrument used for clinical and research applications for quantifying medication regimen use in chronic pain populations. A 6.8 point reduction is considered equivalent to 10 morphine eqivalents. (NCT03382821)
Timeframe: 1 month, 3 month, 6 month, and 1 year follow up
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
One month | Three month | Six month | One year | |
Transforaminal Catheter-targeted ESI With Triamcinolone | 19 | 17 | 19 | 8 |
Transforaminal ESI With Dexamethasone | 16 | 20 | 15 | 7 |
The Percentage of Participants with Reduction of 50% or More of Neck and Arm Pain NRS score (NCT03382821)
Timeframe: 1 month follow up
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
---|---|
Transforaminal ESI With Dexamethasone | 49.1 |
Interlaminar Catheter-targeted ESI With Triamcinolone | 68.5 |
"The post treatment Responder Rate at 39 weeks is determined through a calculation defined by the Outcomes Measures for Rheumatic Arthritis Clinical Trials-Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OMERACT-OARSI) Responder Index. The OMERACT-OARSI Responder Index reports the percentage of subjects that met the criteria to be a good responder. The criteria for response are (1) improvement in pain or physical function ≥50% and an absolute change ≥20 mm; or (2) improvement of ≥20% with an absolute change ≥10 mm in at least two of the following three categories: pain, physical function, and patient's global assessment.~A higher percentage of subjects responding indicates a better outcome." (NCT03390036)
Timeframe: 39 weeks
Intervention | Percentage of subjects (Number) |
---|---|
Cingal | 91.2 |
Monovisc | 92.4 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | 93.2 |
The usage of rescue medication (number of pills of acetominophen) at Week 39 weeks post treatment in the Cingal group compared to the Triamcinolone Hexacetonide group. (NCT03390036)
Timeframe: 39 Weeks
Intervention | Number of pills (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | 7.9 |
Monovisc | 6.0 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | 6.9 |
The change from baseline in knee pain as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain Score at 39 weeks post treatment comparing the Cingal group to the Triamcinolone Hexacetonide group. The WOMAC Pain Score is a validated visual analog scale from 0 to 100 mm, where a higher score is equal to a higher pain level. A negative number for the difference from baseline indicates improvement in pain. A greater negative difference from baseline indicates a better outcome. (NCT03390036)
Timeframe: 39 Weeks
Intervention | Millimeters (mm) (Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Change from Baseline in WOMAC Pain 39 Weeks | Baseline WOMAC Pain in mm | 39 Week WOMAC Pain in mm | |
Cingal | -46.3 | 63.3 | 17.0 |
Monovisc | -47.2 | 63.3 | 16.0 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -43.6 | 63.8 | 20.1 |
The change from baseline as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Total Score at 39 weeks post treatment comparing the Cingal group to the Triamcinolone Hexacetonide group. The Total WOMAC Score is determined from the SUM of the scores from the WOMAC Pain Score, the WOMAC Stiffness Score, and the WOMAC Physical Function Score, resulting in a final range for Total Score from 0 mm to 240 mm. A higher Total WOMAC Score indicates a higher overall degree of pain, stiffness and functional limitations. A negative number for the change from baseline indicates improvement in the Total WOMAC Score. (NCT03390036)
Timeframe: 39 Weeks
Intervention | Millimeters (mm) (Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Change from Baseline in Total WOMAC 39 Weeks | Baseline Total WOMAC in mm | 39 Week Total WOMAC in mm | |
Cingal | -128.4 | 181.8 | 53.4 |
Monovisc | -132.6 | 183.4 | 50.8 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -122.7 | 183.5 | 60.8 |
"Comparison of the change of the Patient Global Assessment from baseline to 39 weeks between the Cingal and Triamcinolone Hexacetonide arms (ITT population). The Patient Global Assessment is done by the subject, and answers the question Considering all the ways the osteoarthritis in your index knee bothers you, what is your assessment of how much your knee is bothering you today? The Patient Global Assessment is scored on a 0 to 100 mm visual analog scale, where a higher number means the patient is bothered to a higher degree. A negative number for the change from baseline indicates a reduction (improvement) in the assessment." (NCT03390036)
Timeframe: 39 Weeks
Intervention | Millimeters (mm) (Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Change from Baseline in Patient Global 39 weeks | Baseline Patient Global in mm | 39 Week Patient Global in mm | |
Cingal | -38.6 | 57.0 | 18.4 |
Monovisc | -38.2 | 56.0 | 17.8 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -36.7 | 58.2 | 21.5 |
This endpoint compares the change of the WOMAC Physical Function Score from baseline to Week 39 between the Cingal and Triamcinolone Hexacetonide arms. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Physical Function Score is a validated visual analog scale from 0 to 100 mm, where a higher score is equal to a higher degree of functional limitation. A negative number for the change from baseline indicates improvement in physical function. (NCT03390036)
Timeframe: 39 Weeks
Intervention | Millimeters (mm) (Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Change from Baseline WOMAC Function 39 Weeks | Baseline WOMAC Function | 39 Week WOMAC Function | |
Cingal | -42.5 | 60.8 | 18.4 |
Monovisc | -43.5 | 60.8 | 17.3 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -41.1 | 61.8 | 20.7 |
The change from baseline in knee stiffness as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Stiffness Score at 39 weeks post treatment comparing the Cingal group to the Triamcinolone Hexacetonide group. The WOMAC Stiffness Score is a validated visual analog scale from 0 to 100 mm, where a higher score is equal to a higher degree of stiffness. A negative number for the change from baseline indicates improvement in knee stiffness. (NCT03390036)
Timeframe: 39 Weeks
Intervention | Millimeters (mm) (Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Change from Baseline in WOMAC Stiffness 39 Weeks | Baseline WOMAC Stiffness in mm | 39 Week WOMAC Stiffness in mm | |
Cingal | -39.8 | 57.7 | 17.9 |
Monovisc | -42.0 | 59.2 | 17.2 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -38.0 | 57.9 | 19.9 |
"Comparison of the change of the Evaluator Global Assessment from baseline to 39 weeks between the Cingal and Triamcinolone Hexacetonide arms (ITT population). The Evaluator Global Assessment is done by the Blinded Outcomes Assessor, and answers the question Considering all the ways the osteoarthritis in the patient's index knee bothers him/her, what is your assessment of how much the patient's knee is bothering him/her today? The Evaluator Global Assessment is scored on a 0 to 100 mm visual analog scale, where a higher number means the Evaluator assesses that the patient is bothered to a higher degree. A negative number for the change from baseline indicates a reduction (improvement) in the assessment." (NCT03390036)
Timeframe: 39 Weeks
Intervention | Millimeters (mm) (Mean) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Change from Baseline in Evaluator Global 39 eeks | Baseline Evaluator Global in mm | 39 Week Evaluator Global in mm | |
Cingal | -37.1 | 52.9 | 15.8 |
Monovisc | -37.7 | 52.3 | 14.6 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -39.1 | 56.6 | 17.4 |
Total scores range: 0-36 (0= no symptoms to 36= the most severe symptoms) (NCT03463915)
Timeframe: Assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks; change from baseline to week 6 reported
Intervention | scores on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Bladder Instillation WITH Triamcinolone Acetonide | -6.7 |
Bladder Instillation WITHOUT Triamcinolone Acetonide | -5.8 |
VAS is measured on marking on a 10-centimeter (cm) ruler (measured in cm, 0= no pain and 10= most severe pain possible) (NCT03463915)
Timeframe: Assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks; change from baseline to week 6 reported
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Bladder Instillation WITH Triamcinolone Acetonide | -1.9 |
Bladder Instillation WITHOUT Triamcinolone Acetonide | -1.8 |
Adverse events will only be those determined to be related to the study drug (NCT03463915)
Timeframe: End of study (6 weeks)
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Bladder Instillation WITH Triamcinolone Acetonide | 1 |
Bladder Instillation WITHOUT Triamcinolone Acetonide | 5 |
20 question self-administered questionnaire on the presence and absence of pelvic floor symptoms. Score ranges from 0 (least distress) to 300 (most distress). (NCT03463915)
Timeframe: Assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks; change from baseline to week 6 reported
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Bladder Instillation WITH Triamcinolone Acetonide | -5.3 |
Bladder Instillation WITHOUT Triamcinolone Acetonide | -6.4 |
Total scores range: 0-100 (higher scores on the symptom-severity scale suggestive of greater severity of symptoms and higher scores on the quality-of-life scale suggestive of better quality of life) (NCT03463915)
Timeframe: Assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks; change from baseline to week 6 reported
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Bladder Instillation WITH Triamcinolone Acetonide | -24.2 |
Bladder Instillation WITHOUT Triamcinolone Acetonide | -18.8 |
Measures sexual function in women with pelvic floor disorders. Queries about arousal, orgasm, partner-related issues, sexual quality, and desire. The tool also takes into account those who are not sexually active. The questionnaire was used in the study solely to determine if patients had improved dyspareunia (as a categorical variable). (NCT03463915)
Timeframe: Assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks; change from baseline to week 6 reported
Intervention | participants (Number) |
---|---|
Bladder Instillation WITH Triamcinolone Acetonide | 4 |
Bladder Instillation WITHOUT Triamcinolone Acetonide | 4 |
Total scores range: 0-35 (0= no symptoms to 35= the most severe symptoms) (NCT03463915)
Timeframe: Assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks; change from baseline to week 6 reported
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Bladder Instillation WITH Triamcinolone Acetonide | -5.3 |
Bladder Instillation WITHOUT Triamcinolone Acetonide | -2.7 |
The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) measures current shoulder pain and disability using a 13 item assessment. Scores range from 0-100 with higher scores indicating greater impairment or disability (NCT03586687)
Timeframe: 12 months
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
20 mg Triamcinolone With 3cc of 1% Lidocaine | 2 |
40 mg Triamcinolone With 3cc of 1% Lidocaine | 12 |
80 mg Triamcinolone With 3cc of 1% Lidocaine | 4 |
The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) measures current shoulder pain and disability using a 13 item assessment. Scores range from 0-100 with higher scores indicating greater impairment or disability (NCT03586687)
Timeframe: baseline, 2, 4, and 6 months. Baseline SPADI score was collected prior to injection.
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline SPADI Score | 2 month SPADI Score | 4 month SPADI Score | 6 month SPADI Score | |
20 mg Triamcinolone With 3cc of 1% Lidocaine | 58.17 | 30.60 | 44.80 | 44.60 |
40 mg Triamcinolone With 3cc of 1% Lidocaine | 60.67 | 48.67 | 51.12 | 57.71 |
80 mg Triamcinolone With 3cc of 1% Lidocaine | 44.50 | 22.25 | 35.67 | 26.00 |
Adverse events will only include those that are determined to be related to steroid Adverse Reactions to the Steroid are reported as combined for all the participants and not at the per-participant level. (NCT03586687)
Timeframe: baseline, 2, 4, and 6 months. Baseline data was collected at 2wks post injection phone call.
Intervention | Reactions (Number) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | 2 month follow up | 4 month follow up | 6 month follow up | |
20 mg Triamcinolone With 3cc of 1% Lidocaine | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
40 mg Triamcinolone With 3cc of 1% Lidocaine | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
80 mg Triamcinolone With 3cc of 1% Lidocaine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Shoulder arthroplasty is defined as total shoulder replacement (NCT03586687)
Timeframe: 12 months
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
20 mg Triamcinolone With 3cc of 1% Lidocaine | 3 |
40 mg Triamcinolone With 3cc of 1% Lidocaine | 1 |
80 mg Triamcinolone With 3cc of 1% Lidocaine | 1 |
Patient's assessment of joint pain intensity in the most affected baseline joint on a numeric 0-10 Visual Analog Scale at Baseline and post-dose Days with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating intense pain. Higher score indicating a worse outcome. (NCT03636373)
Timeframe: Baseline, Days 4, 7, and 14
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Visit 1 (Baseline) | Visit 2 (Day 4) | Visit 3 (Day 7) | Visit 4 (Day 14) | |
Etanercept | 7.67 | 5 | 3 | 0.5 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 6 | 1.5 | 1 | 1 |
Pain intensity in the most affected baseline joint measured by the numeric 0-10 Visual Analog Scale at 72 hours with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating intense pain. Higher score indicating a worse outcome. (NCT03636373)
Timeframe: 72 hours
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Etanercept | 5 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 1.5 |
Patient's global assessment of response to treatment (Likert), options are None, Poor, Acceptable, Good, Excellent (NCT03636373)
Timeframe: Day 4, 7 and 14
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Visit 2 (Day 4)72266691 | Visit 2 (Day 4)72266690 | Visit 3 (Day 7)72266690 | Visit 3 (Day 7)72266691 | Visit 4 (Day 14)72266691 | Visit 4 (Day 14)72266690 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
None | Acceptable | Good | Excellent | Poor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Etanercept | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Etanercept | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 1 |
Physician's global assessment of response to treatment None, Poor, Acceptable, Good, Excellent (NCT03636373)
Timeframe: Post-dose days 4, 7 and 14
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Visit 2 (Day 4)72266692 | Visit 2 (Day 4)72266693 | Visit 3 (Day 7)72266693 | Visit 3 (Day 7)72266692 | Visit 4 (Day 14)72266692 | Visit 4 (Day 14)72266693 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
None | Poor | Acceptable | Good | Excellent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Etanercept | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Etanercept | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Etanercept | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triamcinolone Acetonide | 2 |
"Number of participants with no symptoms of trigger finger 1 year after the initial encounter for both groups. Outcomes were determined clinically:~The Quinnell grading system was used for objectively evaluating the trigger finger. This grading system is a scale of 0-4 for severity of triggering with 0 being no triggering." (NCT03641508)
Timeframe: 1 year
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone | 20 |
Dexamethasone | 13 |
"Number of participants with no symptoms of trigger finger 6 weeks after the initial encounter for both groups. Outcomes were determined clinically:~The Quinnell grading system was used for objectively evaluating the trigger finger. This grading system is a scale of 0-4 for severity of triggering with 0 being no triggering." (NCT03641508)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone | 28 |
Dexamethasone | 9 |
"Number of participants with no symptoms of trigger finger 6 months after the initial encounter for both groups. Outcomes were determined clinically:~The Quinnell grading system was used for objectively evaluating the trigger finger. This grading system is a scale of 0-4 for severity of triggering with 0 being no triggering." (NCT03641508)
Timeframe: 6 months
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Triamcinolone | 23 |
Dexamethasone | 12 |
Blanching of the skin will be assessed individually by two trained observers blinded to treatment. The observers will score the blanching of the skin from 0-4 (0 = No change in color skin; 1 = Slight (barely visible) blanching; 3 = Obvious blanching; 4 = Blanching judged to be maximal). The results is presented as Mean ± SD. (NCT03758365)
Timeframe: Day 2
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MC2-01 Cream | Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Lotion | Betamethasone Dipropionate 0.05% Cream | Triamcinolone Acetonide 0.1% Cream | Hydrocortisone Butyrate 0.1% Cream | Desonide 0.05% Cream | Vehicle Cream | |
MC2-01 Cream + Comparators | 1.66 | 3.05 | 2.45 | 1.92 | 2.06 | 2.11 | 0.14 |
The local tolerability of the creams will be assesed using a predefined scale: 0 = No reaction; 0.5 = Only slight erythema; 1 = Only erythema; 2 = Erythema with papules or oedema; 3 = Erythema, oedema with papules, oedema with vesicle; 4 = Blisters (NCT03758365)
Timeframe: Day 2
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MC2-01 Cream72211385 | Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Lotion72211385 | Betamethasone Dipropionate 0.05% Cream72211385 | Triamcinolone Acetonide 0.1% Cream72211385 | Hydrocortisone Butyrate 0.1% Cream72211385 | Desonide 0.05% Cream72211385 | Vehicle Cream72211385 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Erythema with papules or oedema | No reaction | Only Slight reaction | Only erythema | Erythema, oedema with papules, oedema with vesicle | Blisters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MC2-01 Cream + Comparators | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MC2-01 Cream + Comparators | 36 |
To establish acceptability of this treatment approach assessing proportion of patients who are eligible, consent and complete the 48 week study. We will examine how many patients in the MONITOR cohort are eligible per year. All eligible patients in the MONITOR cohort will be approached and invited to join the study. We will then review how many patients complete the 48 week study period attending all visits from baseline to 48 weeks (0, 12, 24, 36 and 48). (NCT03797872)
Timeframe: 48 weeks
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Standard Care | 0 |
The 30 second Chair Standing Test is one of three Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) recommended minimal core set of performance-based outcome measures in OA research and clinical practice.In this test, the subject will stand up completely from the sitting position so hips and knees are fully extended, then completely back in the seated position. This will be repeated for 30 seconds and the total number of chair stands will be recorded (up and down equals one stand). (NCT03895840)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | stands (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Intra-articular Zilretta Injection | 9.5 |
The 40-meter fast paced walk test is one of the three Osteoarthritis Research Society International recommended minimal core set of performance-based outcome measures in OA research and clinical practice.The subjects will be timed to complete a 40 m track course. (NCT03895840)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | seconds (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Intra-articular Zilretta Injection | 35.9 |
KOOS-Physical Function (KOOS-PS) Short Form is a parsimonious measure of physical function derived from the KOOS, which is a self-reported outcome score. The KOOS-Physical Function Short Form ranges from 0 to 100 where higher values represents a worse outcome. (NCT03895840)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Intra-articular Zilretta Injection | 70.0 |
KOOS-QoL a self-reported measure consisting of 4 questions assessing quality of life, which is part of the five patient-relevant subscales of KOOS.The sub scale ranges from 0 to 100 where higher values represents a better outcome (NCT03895840)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Intra-articular Zilretta Injection | 51.9 |
The Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS for Pain) is a measure of pain intensity. The subject will rate their knee pain bilaterally on a scale from no pain (0) to worst pain imaginable (10). (NCT03895840)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Intra-articular Zilretta Injection | 3.3 |
The stair climb test is one of the three Osteoarthritis Research Society International recommended minimal core set of performance-based outcome measures in OA research and clinical practice. The subject will be timed while ascending and descending 9 steps of stairs. (NCT03895840)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
Intervention | seconds (Least Squares Mean) |
---|---|
Intra-articular Zilretta Injection | 15.0 |
Pain as measured by the Visual Analog Scale. The visual analog scale is a 0-10 scale, 0 being no pain, 10 being unbearable pain. (NCT04115644)
Timeframe: Week 1
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Group 1 (Control) | 3.397 |
Group 2 (Ketorolac) | 3.7 |
Group 3 (Kenalog) | 3.257 |
Pain as measured by the Visual Analog Scale. The visual analog scale is a 0-10 scale, 0 being no pain, 10 being unbearable pain. (NCT04115644)
Timeframe: Week 6
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Group 1 (Control) | 3.357 |
Group 2 (Ketorolac) | 2.757 |
Group 3 (Kenalog) | 2.687 |
Pain as measured by the Visual Analog Scale. The visual analog scale is a 0-10 scale, 0 being no pain, 10 being unbearable pain. (NCT04115644)
Timeframe: Day 2
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Group 1 (Control) | 2.347 |
Group 2 (Ketorolac) | 2.837 |
Group 3 (Kenalog) | 2.67 |
Pain as measured by the Visual Analog Scale after first injection. The visual analog scale is a 0-10 scale, 0 being no pain, 10 being unbearable pain. (NCT04115644)
Timeframe: Baseline - immediately after the injection
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Group 1 (Control) | 3.197 |
Group 2 (Ketorolac) | 3.577 |
Group 3 (Kenalog) | 3.677 |
Pain as measured by the Visual Analog Scale. The visual analog scale is a 0-10 scale, 0 being no pain, 10 being unbearable pain. (NCT04115644)
Timeframe: Week 12
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Group 1 (Control) | 3.447 |
Group 2 (Ketorolac) | 1.417 |
Group 3 (Kenalog) | 2.027 |
Pain as measured by the Visual Analog Scale. The visual analog scale is a 0-10 scale, 0 being no pain, 10 being unbearable pain. (NCT04115644)
Timeframe: Week 2
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Group 1 (Control) | 3.547 |
Group 2 (Ketorolac) | 2.67 |
Group 3 (Kenalog) | 2.57 |
Pain as measured by the Visual Analog Scale. The visual analog scale is a 0-10 scale, 0 being no pain, 10 being unbearable pain. (NCT04115644)
Timeframe: Week 4
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Group 1 (Control) | 3.547 |
Group 2 (Ketorolac) | 2.67 |
Group 3 (Kenalog) | 2.317 |
Pain as measured by the Visual Analog Scale prior to first injection. The visual analog scale is a 0-10 scale, 0 being no pain, 10 being unbearable pain. (NCT04115644)
Timeframe: Baseline - pre-injection
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Group 1 (Control) | 5.77 |
Group 2 (Ketorolac) | 4.57 |
Group 3 (Kenalog) | 4.67 |
The change from Baseline in knee pain post-treatment as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain Score comparing the Cingal arm to the TH arm, the Cingal arm to the Placebo arm, and the TH arm to the Placebo arm. WOMAC Pain is a validated 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 mm = No Pain to 100 mm = Highest Pain Level. A negative number for the change from Baseline indicates improvement in the WOMAC Pain Score, i.e. less pain post-treatment. (NCT04231318)
Timeframe: 18 Weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
CINGAL | -44.5 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -40.2 |
Placebo | -36.7 |
Change in knee pain was obtained from participant responses using a 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Pain Score at each time point. This VAS scale ranged from 0 mm = No Pain to 100 mm = Highest Pain Level. A negative value for the change in pain indicates less pain post-treatment. A larger negative value indicates a higher level of improvement, and a better outcome. (NCT04231318)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -35.1 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -31.9 |
Placebo | -27.1 |
The change from Baseline in knee pain post-treatment as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain Score comparing the Cingal arm to the TH arm, the Cingal arm to the Placebo arm, and the TH arm to the Placebo arm. WOMAC Pain is a validated 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 mm = No Pain to 100 mm = Highest Pain Level. A negative number for the change from Baseline indicates improvement in the WOMAC Pain Score, i.e. less pain post-treatment. (NCT04231318)
Timeframe: 3 Weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -45.1 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -37.7 |
Placebo | -34.0 |
The change from Baseline in knee pain post-treatment as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain Score comparing the Cingal arm to the TH arm, the Cingal arm to the Placebo arm, and the TH arm to the Placebo arm. WOMAC Pain is a validated 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 mm = No Pain to 100 mm = Highest Pain Level. A negative number for the change from Baseline indicates improvement in the WOMAC Pain Score, i.e. less pain post-treatment. (NCT04231318)
Timeframe: 6 Weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -46.0 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -40.4 |
Placebo | -36.2 |
"The change from Baseline in overall clinical improvement in the knee post-treatment as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Total Score comparing the Cingal, TH, and Placebo arms. WOMAC Total Score combines the three 0-to-100 point scores from the WOMAC Pain Score, the WOMAC Stiffness Score, and the WOMAC Function Score to calculate a TOTAL Score from 0 = No Symptoms to 100 = Highest Degrees of Pain, Stiffness and Functional Limitation Symptoms.~A negative value for the change from Baseline in WOMAC Total Score indicates reduction in pain, stiffness, and improved function. A larger negative value indicates a better overall clinical outcome." (NCT04231318)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -41.4 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -37.3 |
Placebo | -35.6 |
The change from Baseline in knee pain post-treatment as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain Score comparing the Cingal arm to the TH arm, the Cingal arm to the Placebo arm, and the TH arm to the Placebo arm. WOMAC Pain is a validated 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 mm = No Pain to 100 mm = Highest Pain Level. A negative value for the change from Baseline indicates improvement in the WOMAC Pain Score, i.e. less pain post-treatment. A larger negative value indicates lower pain levels and a better outcome. (NCT04231318)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -44.3 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -37.5 |
Placebo | -36.1 |
"The post-treatment responder rate is determined through a calculation defined by the Outcomes Measures for Rheumatic Arthritis Clinical Trials-Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OMERACT-OARSI) Responder Index. The OMERACT-OARSI Responder Index reports the percentage of subjects that met the criteria to be a good responder to treatment. The criteria for response are (1) improvement in pain or physical function >50% and an absolute change >20 mm; or (2) improvement of >20% with an absolute change >10 mm in at least of the following three categories: pain, physical function, and patient's global assessment.~A higher percentage of subjects responding indicates a better outcome.~OMERACT-OARSI responder rates were compared between the Cingal, TH and Placebo arms." (NCT04231318)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks
Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
---|---|
Cingal | 89.9 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | 80.8 |
Placebo | 78.8 |
"The usage of Rescue Medication (RM) as based on the average number of acetominophen/paracetamol pills taken among participants at 26 Weeks post treatment comparing between the Cingal, Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) and Placebo arms.~A smaller value in average RM indicates that fewer pills were taken by the participants, which may correlate to a better clinical outcome in terms of pain." (NCT04231318)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks
Intervention | Pills (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | 8.5 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | 14.2 |
Placebo | 19.1 |
The change from Baseline in knee stiffness post-treatment as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Stiffness Score comparing the Cingal, TH, and Placebo arms. WOMAC Stiffness Score records participant responses regarding the sensation of ease in moving their joint. The WOMAC Stiffness Score is a validated 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 mm = No Stiffness to 100 mm = Extreme Stiffness. A negative value for the change from Baseline indicates improvement in WOMAC Stiffness Score. A larger negative value indicates less stiffness, and a better outcome. (NCT04231318)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -39.4 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -34.6 |
Placebo | -32.1 |
The change from Baseline in knee pain post-treatment as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain Score comparing the Cingal arm to the TH arm, the Cingal arm to the Placebo arm, and the TH arm to the Placebo arm. WOMAC Pain is a validated 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 mm = No Pain to 100 mm = Highest Pain Level. A negative number for the change from Baseline indicates improvement in the WOMAC Pain Score, i.e. less pain post-treatment. (NCT04231318)
Timeframe: 12 Weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -44.1 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -38.9 |
Placebo | -37.4 |
Change in knee pain was obtained from participant responses using a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Score. This NRS Pain Score ranged from 0 = No Pain to 10 = Highest Pain Level. A negative value for the change in Pain Score indicates less pain post-treatment. A larger negative value indicates a higher level of improvement, and a better outcome. (NCT04231318)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -3.5 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -3.3 |
Placebo | -2.3 |
"The change from Baseline in knee pain post-treatment as measured by the Evaluator Global Assessment (EGA) Score comparing the Cingal, TH, and Placebo arms. EGA Score records the Study Evaluator's assessment of how much the patient's STUDY (treated) knee is bothering them today . The EGA Score is a validated 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 mm = No Pain to 100 mm = Extreme Pain.~A negative value for the change from Baseline indicates improvement in EGA Score. A larger negative value indicates less pain, and a better clinical outcome." (NCT04231318)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -40.1 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -33.3 |
Placebo | -32.6 |
"The change from Baseline in knee pain post-treatment as measured by the Patient Global Assessment (PGA) Score comparing the Cingal, TH, and Placebo arms. PGA Score records participant responses to their assessment of how much their STUDY (treated) knee is bothering them today . The PGA Score is a validated 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 mm = No Pain to 100 mm = Extreme Pain.~A negative value for the change from Baseline indicates improvement in PGA Score. A larger negative value indicates less pain, and a better clinical outcome." (NCT04231318)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -42.3 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -37.6 |
Placebo | -34.0 |
The change from Baseline in knee function post-treatment as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Function Score comparing the Cingal, TH, and Placebo arms. WOMAC Function Score records participant responses regarding the difficulty they have performing daily activities. The WOMAC Function Score is a validated 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 mm = No Difficulty to 100 mm = Extreme Difficulty. A negative value for the change from Baseline indicates improvement in WOMAC Function Score. A larger negative value indicates improvement in performing daily activities, and a better outcome. (NCT04231318)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -40.8 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -37.5 |
Placebo | -35.2 |
The change from Baseline in knee pain post-treatment as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain Score comparing the Cingal arm to the TH arm, the Cingal arm to the Placebo arm, and the TH arm to the Placebo arm. WOMAC Pain is a validated 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 mm = No Pain to 100 mm = Highest Pain Level. A negative number for the change from Baseline indicates improvement in the WOMAC Pain Score, i.e. less pain post-treatment. (NCT04231318)
Timeframe: 1 Week
Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Cingal | -40.9 |
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (TH) | -35.6 |
Placebo | -24.8 |
"Evaluate the morphologic changes in participant's skin from baseline, specifically assessing~Acneiform lesion(s) are characterized by papules and pustules resembling acne vulgaris~Capillary dilation(s) are bright red lines on skin surface and appear as linear or wavy or serpiginous; classified as telangiectasia(s) and/or spider angiomas.~Dyschromia refers to alteration in skin pigmentation and can involve both hyperpigmented or hypopigmented macules." (NCT04582669)
Timeframe: Day 6
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Sodium Chloride 0.9% | 0 |
Intralesional Triamcinolone 10 mg/mL | 0 |
Intralesional Triamcinolone 20 mg/mL | 0 |
Intralesional Triamcinolone 40 mg/mL | 0 |
"Evaluate the morphologic changes in participant's skin from baseline, specifically assessing~Acneiform lesion(s) are characterized by papules and pustules resembling acne vulgaris~Capillary dilation(s) are bright red lines on skin surface and appear as linear or wavy or serpiginous; classified as telangiectasia(s) and/or spider angiomas.~Dyschromia refers to alteration in skin pigmentation and can involve both hyperpigmented or hypopigmented macules." (NCT04582669)
Timeframe: Day 14
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Sodium Chloride 0.9% | 0 |
Intralesional Triamcinolone 10 mg/mL | 0 |
Intralesional Triamcinolone 20 mg/mL | 0 |
Intralesional Triamcinolone 40 mg/mL | 0 |
"Evaluate the morphologic changes in participant's skin from baseline, specifically assessing~Acneiform lesion(s) are characterized by papules and pustules resembling acne vulgaris~Capillary dilation(s) are bright red lines on skin surface and appear as linear or wavy or serpiginous; classified as telangiectasia(s) and/or spider angiomas.~Dyschromia refers to alteration in skin pigmentation and can involve both hyperpigmented or hypopigmented macules." (NCT04582669)
Timeframe: Day 2
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Sodium Chloride 0.9% | 0 |
Intralesional Triamcinolone 10 mg/mL | 0 |
Intralesional Triamcinolone 20 mg/mL | 0 |
Intralesional Triamcinolone 40 mg/mL | 0 |
"Evaluate the morphologic changes in participant's skin from baseline, specifically assessing~Acneiform lesion(s) are characterized by papules and pustules resembling acne vulgaris~Capillary dilation(s) are bright red lines on skin surface and appear as linear or wavy or serpiginous; classified as telangiectasia(s) and/or spider angiomas.~Dyschromia refers to alteration in skin pigmentation and can involve both hyperpigmented or hypopigmented macules." (NCT04582669)
Timeframe: Day 28
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Sodium Chloride 0.9% | 0 |
Intralesional Triamcinolone 10 mg/mL | 0 |
Intralesional Triamcinolone 20 mg/mL | 0 |
Intralesional Triamcinolone 40 mg/mL | 0 |
"Evaluate the morphologic changes in participant's skin from baseline, specifically assessing~Acneiform lesion(s) are characterized by papules and pustules resembling acne vulgaris~Capillary dilation(s) are bright red lines on skin surface and appear as linear or wavy or serpiginous; classified as telangiectasia(s) and/or spider angiomas.~Dyschromia refers to alteration in skin pigmentation and can involve both hyperpigmented or hypopigmented macules." (NCT04582669)
Timeframe: Baseline
Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
---|---|
Sodium Chloride 0.9% | 0 |
Intralesional Triamcinolone 10 mg/mL | 0 |
Intralesional Triamcinolone 20 mg/mL | 0 |
Intralesional Triamcinolone 40 mg/mL | 0 |
A flare reaction was defined as an increase of two or more points of Visual Analog Score (VAS) score during the first week following injection. The VAS is a patient reported pain score from zero to ten where zero is no pain and ten is the most pain. (NCT05438277)
Timeframe: Post-injection day 1 through 7
Intervention | Person-visits (Count of Units) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Flare reaction (Yes) | Flare reaction (No) | Unknown | |
Methylprednisolone Acetate (MPA) | 44 | 149 | 16 |
Triamcinolone Acetonide (TA) | 8 | 191 | 28 |
Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions. | 6.93 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes | allergen; epitope; sensitiser |
acetoacetic acid acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | 3-oxo fatty acid; ketone body | metabolite |
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule |
4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol: the aglycone of gastrodin. p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol : A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It has been isolated from Arcangelisia gusanlung. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzyl alcohols; phenols | plant metabolite |
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxybenzaldehyde | EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; plant metabolite |
5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | hydroxytryptophan | human metabolite; neurotransmitter |
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethanediol; glycol | metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin |
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent |
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde | carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent |
acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia | |
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H). | 4.04 | 3 | 1 | ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent |
adenine [no description available] | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
allantoin [no description available] | 3.87 | 2 | 1 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; vulnerary |
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. | 3.34 | 7 | 0 | azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant |
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor |
benzaldehyde [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzaldehydes | EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite |
benzene [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent |
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring. | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | benzoic acids | algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzyl alcohols | antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent |
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative | fundamental metabolite |
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) | 7.37 | 2 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic bromine | |
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent |
aminooxyacetic acid Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; hydroxylamines; monocarboxylic acid | anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; nootropic agent |
carnitine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino-acid betaine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
catechol [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | catechols | allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite |
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC). | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound | bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas |
chlordecone [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; organochlorine compound | insecticide; persistent organic pollutant |
choline [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | cholines | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. | 3.57 | 2 | 0 | tricarboxylic acid | antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. | 3.56 | 9 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic chlorine | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | coumarins | fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
2-cresol 2-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-cresol : A cresol that is phenol substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | cresol | human xenobiotic metabolite |
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | 5.93 | 12 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
3-cresol 3-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. m-cresol : A cresol with the methyl substituent at position 3. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cresol | human xenobiotic metabolite |
bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
taxifolin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroflavonols; pentahydroxyflavanone; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
phosphonoacetic acid Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; phosphonic acids | antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid | human metabolite |
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid | antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite |
dibenzofuran Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran.. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.. dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dibenzofurans; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene | xenobiotic |
creatine [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical |
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 3.3 | 6 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
diacetyl butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alpha-diketone | Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole : A dimethylbenzimidazole carrying methyl substituents at positions 5 and 6. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dimethylbenzimidazole | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents. | 7.32 | 13 | 3 | sulfoxide; volatile organic compound | alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger |
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | aldehyde; one-carbon compound | allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
hexachlorocyclohexane Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | chlorocyclohexane | |
glycine [no description available] | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical |
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil. | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | alditol; triol | algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent |
glycolic acid glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; primary alcohol | keratolytic drug; metabolite |
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | carbon oxoanion | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
dalteparin Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
histamine [no description available] | 3.33 | 7 | 0 | aralkylamino compound; imidazoles | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
hydroquinone [no description available] | 4.67 | 6 | 1 | benzenediol; hydroquinones | antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent |
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge.. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | diatomic iodine | nutrient |
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring. | 3.44 | 2 | 0 | hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative | human metabolite |
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound | amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | cyclitol; hexol | |
melatonin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; tryptamines | anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger |
croton oil [no description available] | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | N-acyl-hexosamine | |
n-acetylserotonin N-acetylserotonin : An N-acylserotonin resulting from the formal condensation of the primary amino group of serotonin with the carboxy group of acetic acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; N-acylserotonin; phenols | antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist |
acetanilide acetanilide: a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term. N-phenylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; anilide | analgesic |
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28. | 5.38 | 4 | 1 | metal allergen; nickel group element atom | epitope; micronutrient |
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor |
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group. | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3 | antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent |
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | |
n,n-dimethylaniline N,N-dimethylaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. dimethylaniline : A methylaniline carrying at least two methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylaniline : A tertiary amine that is aniline in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dimethylaniline; tertiary amine | |
1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | octanol; primary alcohol | antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite |
orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6. | 3.55 | 9 | 0 | pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion | allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite |
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | 4-nitrophenols | human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
parathion [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide | acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite |
pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes | human xenobiotic metabolite |
phenol [no description available] | 9.26 | 5 | 0 | phenols | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids | allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin |
phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | carboxyalkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid | fundamental metabolite |
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | metabolite; protic solvent |
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines | antitubercular agent; prodrug |
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines | environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound |
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal. | 3.21 | 6 | 0 | methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate | coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pyridinedicarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist |
sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | sulfur oxide | Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant |
taurine [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion | antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | primary alcohol; vitamin B1 | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound | cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent |
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | uric acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 3.82 | 12 | 0 | isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
catechin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyflavan | |
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | NMDA receptor antagonist |
alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone 1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone: a CNS depressant; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
ibotenic acid Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | neurotoxin |
n(8)-bromoacetyl-n(1)-3'-(4-indolyloxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl-1,8-diamino-4-menthane N(8)-bromoacetyl-N(1)-3'-(4-indolyloxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl-1,8-diamino-4-menthane: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
sk&f-38393 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine; catechols; secondary amino compound | |
vanilmandelic acid Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; phenols | human metabolite |
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol | volatile oil component |
1,10-diaminodecane [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine 1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor |
1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine 1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline 1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline: structure in first source. isoquinoline-1,5-diol : An isoquinolinol that is isoquinoline in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by hydroxy groups. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolinol | EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor |
pk 11195 PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; isoquinolines; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes | antineoplastic agent |
1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole: an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in mouse | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles | |
1-aminobenzotriazole [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid | fluorescent probe |
1-methylimidazole 1-methyl-1H-imidazole : A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles | |
edelfosine edelfosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. edelfosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-edelfosine.. 1-octadecyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine : A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by octadecyl and methyl groups respectively. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | glycerophosphocholine | |
1h-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one: structure given in first source; inhibits guanylyl cyclase. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one : A member of the class of oxadiazoloquinoxalines that is 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline substituted at position 1 by an oxo group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | oxadiazoloquinoxaline | EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor |
2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | bipyridine | chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor |
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions. | 6.94 | 1 | 0 | dinitrophenol | allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor |
2-hydroxysaclofen 2-hydroxysaclofen: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
3,4-dichloroisocoumarin 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin : A member of the class of isocoumarins that is isocoumarin substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 4. It is a serine protease inhibitor. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | isocoumarins; organochlorine compound | geroprotector; serine protease inhibitor |
amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; triazoles | carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide |
phaclofen phaclofen: peripheral & central baclofen & GABA antagonist; structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion; zwitterion | |
3-aminobenzamide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; substituted aniline | EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor |
aminopropionitrile Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | aminopropionitrile | antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; collagen cross-linking inhibitor; plant metabolite |
3-bromo-7-nitroindazole [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position. | 7.34 | 2 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent |
enprofylline enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
3-nitropropionic acid 3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound | antimycobacterial drug; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; mycotoxin; neurotoxin |
4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide: inhibits ADP-ribosylation; sometimes abreviated as 4-AN; | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzoisoquinoline; dicarboximide | |
4-aminopyridine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine; aromatic amine | avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker |
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide 4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide: metabolite of nifuroxazide. 4-hydroxybenzohydrazide : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with hydrazine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrazide; phenols | |
4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile 4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile: structure given in first source. 4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile : A 1,2,5-oxadiazole substituted by an oxido, cyano and phenyl groups at positions 2, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,2,5-oxadiazole; benzenes; N-oxide; nitrile | geroprotector; nitric oxide donor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; soluble guanylate cyclase activator; vasodilator agent |
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1-pyrroline nitrones | neuroprotective agent; spin trapping reagent |
phenytoin [no description available] | 3.78 | 11 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid: potent antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated glycine binding site | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
5-(n,n-hexamethylene)amiloride 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride: inhibitor of Na+-H+ exchange; has anti-HIV-1 activity. 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the two amino hydrogens at position N-5 are replaced by a hexamethylene moiety, resulting in the formation of an azepane ring. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; azepanes; guanidines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyrazines | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; odorant receptor antagonist; sodium channel blocker |
ethylisopropylamiloride ethylisopropylamiloride: structure in first source. ethylisopropylamiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the amino substitutent of the pyrazine ring that is adjacent to the chloro substituent has been substituted by an ethyl group and by an isopropyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; guanidines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyrazines; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; neuroprotective agent; sodium channel blocker |
5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid 5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indolyl carboxylic acid | |
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indole-3-acetic acids | drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
phenanthridone phenanthridone: coal tar derivative; structure given in first source. phenanthridone : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is phenanthridine with an oxo substituent at position 6. A poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, it has been shown to exhibit immunosuppressive activity. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | lactam; phenanthridines | EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mutagen |
6-chloromelatonin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetamides | |
6-hydroxymelatonin 6-hydroxymelatonin : A member of the class of tryptamines that is melatonin with a hydroxy group substituent at position 6. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; tryptamines | metabolite; mouse metabolite |
6-methoxytryptoline 6-methoxytryptoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
6-nitroso-1,2-benzopyrone [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
7-chlorokynurenic acid 7-chlorokynurenic acid: selective antagonist at the glycine modulatory site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex; structure given in first source. 7-chlorokynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinaldic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and by a chlorine at position 7. It is a potent NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist which antagonizes the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of the NMDA receptor. It also prevents neurodegeneration produced by quinolinic acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid | neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist |
7-nitroindazole 7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline 8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline: adenosine antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine: prolongs epileptic seizures in rats | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | |
8-phenyltheophylline 8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | acridines; aromatic amine | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent |
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. | 3.44 | 7 | 0 | acetamides; phenols | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337) | 8.39 | 7 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
acetohexamide Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | acetophenones; N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue |
acetohydroxamic acid acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | acetohydroxamic acids; carbohydroximic acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor |
ag 127 tyrphostin AG 126: inhibits development of postoperative ileus induced by surgical manipulation of murine colon | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | nitrophenol | |
rtki cpd [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; quinazolines | antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; geroprotector |
tyrphostin a23 tyrphostin A23: inhibits EGF-stimulated thymidine incorporation as well as EGF-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation & tyrosine phosphorylation & cell proliferation; structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | catechols | |
tyrphostin 25 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzenetriol | |
tyrphostin a1 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes | geroprotector |
1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid 1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
albendazole [no description available] | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester | anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator |
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). | 12.82 | 12 | 1 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound | bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor |
alfuzosin alfuzosin: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; quinazolines; tetrahydrofuranol | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent |
alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic |
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
altretamine Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | triamino-1,3,5-triazine | |
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine | analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
ambroxol Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
ametantrone ametantrone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
amfonelic acid amfonelic acid: CNS-stimulant | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound | environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic |
amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diamine; organic thiophosphate | antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent |
aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline | adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor |
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | guanidines; one-carbon compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor |
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | N-acylglycine | Daphnia magna metabolite |
theophylline [no description available] | 5.6 | 14 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent |
2-aminothiazole 2-aminothiazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,3-thiazol-2-amine : A primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; primary amino compound | |
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias. | 4.57 | 5 | 1 | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound | cardiovascular drug |
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5. | 9.78 | 7 | 1 | carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina. | 3.29 | 6 | 0 | dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties. | 3.14 | 5 | 0 | barbiturates | |
amodiaquine Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; phenols; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
amoxapine Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position. | 3.59 | 2 | 0 | dibenzooxazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
anastrozole [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nitrile; triazoles | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor |
anethole trithione Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes | |
aniracetam [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidin-2-ones | |
anthralin Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9. | 3.53 | 2 | 0 | anthracenes | antipsoriatic |
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2. | 4.2 | 5 | 0 | pyrazolone | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: glutamate antagonist in locust muscle; structure; do not confuse with L-AP4, which is the propionic acid version | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
aprindine Aprindine: A class Ib anti-arrhythmia agent used to manage ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | indanes | |
arecoline Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine. | 2 | 1 | 0 | enoate ester; methyl ester; pyridine alkaloid; tetrahydropyridine | metabolite; muscarinic agonist |
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 6.05 | 29 | 1 | benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates | anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent |
astemizole Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position. | 3.54 | 2 | 0 | benzimidazoles; piperidines | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist |
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent. | 3.43 | 7 | 0 | ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic |
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate: a glutamate agonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid | |
atrazine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine | environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
aurintricarboxylic acid Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid; quinomethanes; tricarboxylic acid | fluorochrome; histological dye; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist |
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS. | 5.41 | 20 | 0 | aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
azelaic acid nonanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; plant metabolite |
azinphosmethyl Azinphosmethyl: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.. azinphos-methyl : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzotriazines; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide | agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor |
baclofen [no description available] | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant |
barbital 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid). | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | barbiturates | drug allergen |
bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | |
bendazac bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | indazoles; monocarboxylic acid | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger |
bendroflumethiazide Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone | uricosuric drug |
benzocaine Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzoate ester; substituted aniline | allergen; antipruritic drug; sensitiser; topical anaesthetic |
bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | pyrrolidines; tertiary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
betaxolol [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | propanolamine | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
bicalutamide bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; sulfone; tertiary alcohol | |
bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls; imidazoles | |
bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | secondary alcohol; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
bml 190 indomethacin morpholinylamide: an inverse agonist of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-acylindole | |
bretylium bretylium: RN given refers to parent cpd. bretylium : A quaternary ammonium cation having 2-bromobenzyl, ethyl and two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent |
brimonidine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles; quinoxaline derivative; secondary amine | adrenergic agonist; alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent |
bromhexine Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum). | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | organobromine compound; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | mucolytic |
bromisovalum Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-acylurea; organobromine compound | |
brotizolam brotizolam: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
bumetanide [no description available] | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide | diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor |
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic. | 15.02 | 82 | 24 | aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound | |
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines | anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist |
busulfan [no description available] | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | methanesulfonate ester | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent |
butalbital butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | analgesic; sedative |
butamben butamben: structure. butamben : An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. Its local anaesthetic properties have been used for surface anaesthesia of the skin and mucous membranes, and for relief of pain and itching associated with some anorectal disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid ester; benzoate ester; primary amino compound; substituted aniline | local anaesthetic |
caffeine [no description available] | 3.61 | 9 | 0 | purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound | |
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available] | 3.04 | 1 | 0 | bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone | plant metabolite |
candesartan cilexetil candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls | |
candesartan candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension. | 7.17 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazolecarboxylic acid; biphenylyltetrazole | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant. | 3.54 | 8 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; ureas | analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic |
carbetapentane carbetapentane: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzenes | |
carbinoxamine carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease. | 6.94 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist |
carbazilquinone Carbazilquinone: An alkylating agent structurally similar to MITOMYCIN and found to be effective in the treatment of leukemia and various other neoplasms in mice. It causes leukemia and thrombocytopenia in almost all human patients. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
carisoprodol Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | carbamate ester | muscle relaxant |
carmofur [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organohalogen compound; pyrimidines | |
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
carprofen carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbazoles; organochlorine compound | EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; photosensitizing agent |
carteolol Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | quinolone; secondary alcohol | anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
carvedilol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
cefuroxime Cefuroxime: Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.. cefuroxime : A 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin compound having a 7-(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido side chain. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; cephalosporin | |
celecoxib [no description available] | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
celiprolol Celiprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. It is used in the management of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
cetirizine Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively. | 2.79 | 3 | 0 | ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; piperazines | anti-allergic agent; environmental contaminant; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
cgs 12066 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline : A pyrroloquinoxaline that is pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline bearing additional 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 4 and 7 respectively. A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (5-HT1B) full agonist, 10-fold selective over 5-HT1A and 1000-fold selective over 5-HT2C receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; pyrroloquinoxaline | serotonergic agonist |
cgs 15943 9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazolin-5-imine: non-xanthine triazoloquinazoline adenosine antagonist. CGS 15943 : A member of the class of triazoloquinazolines that is [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline substited at positions 2, 5 and 9 by furan-2-yl, amino and chloro groups respectively. A potent antagonist at adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A receptors. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; biaryl; furans; organochlorine compound; primary amino compound; quinazolines; triazoloquinazoline | adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; antineoplastic agent; central nervous system stimulant |
chloral hydrate [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound | general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic |
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | 3.67 | 10 | 0 | aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent |
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
chlormezanone Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-thiazine; lactam; monochlorobenzenes; sulfone | antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; muscle relaxant |
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis. | 6.6 | 29 | 0 | aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug |
chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | benzothiadiazine | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
chloroxylenol chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; phenols | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; molluscicide |
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. | 3.66 | 10 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. | 8.48 | 8 | 0 | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. | 3.51 | 8 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue |
chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide | |
chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | 1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound | muscle relaxant; sedative |
cilostamide cilostamide: selective inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase & platelet aggregation; structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
cilostazol [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | lactam; tetrazoles | anticoagulant; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; fibrin modulating drug; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach. | 3.44 | 7 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile | adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
cinoxacin Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | cinnolines; oxacycle; oxo carboxylic acid | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent |
ciprofibrate [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | antilipemic drug |
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively. | 3.14 | 5 | 0 | aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic |
cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzamides | |
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound | |
clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent |
clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease. | 4.46 | 5 | 1 | monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound | antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator |
clobazam Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator |
clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; phenazines | dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes | anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist |
clomiphene [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | tertiary amine | estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | 5.45 | 5 | 1 | clonidine; imidazoline | |
chlorazepate clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; prodrug |
clotiazepam clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
clotrimazole [no description available] | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
4-cresol 4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cresol | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; uremic toxin |
cromolyn cromoglycic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | chromones; dicarboxylic acid | anti-asthmatic drug; calcium channel blocker |
cx546 1-(1,4-benzodioxan-6-ylcarbonyl)piperidine: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
cyclandelate Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester; secondary alcohol | vasodilator agent |
cycloleucine Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | EC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor |
cyclothiazide cyclothiazide: inhibits the desensitization of AMPA-type receptors; structure. cyclothiazide : 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
cyproheptadine Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; gastrointestinal drug; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
danthron danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite |
dapsone [no description available] | 5.52 | 16 | 1 | substituted aniline; sulfone | anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug |
debrisoquin Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | carboxamidine; isoquinolines | adrenergic agent; antihypertensive agent; human metabolite; sympatholytic agent |
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acyclic desferrioxamine | bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore |
dephostatin dephostatin: from Streptomyces sp. MJ742-NF5; structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
dequalinium Dequalinium: A topical bacteriostat that is available as various salts. It is used in wound dressings and mouth infections and may also have antifungal action, but may cause skin ulceration.. dequalinium : A quinolinium ion comprising decane in which one methyl hydrogen at each end of the molecule has been replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylquinolin-1-yl group. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | quinolinium ion | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiseptic drug; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor |
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
nonivamide nonivamide: has effect on sensory neurons. nonivamide : A capsaicinoid that is the carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamine with the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. It is the active ingredient in many pepper sprays. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | capsaicinoid; phenols | lachrymator |
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | primary amine | |
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2. | 4.68 | 3 | 2 | alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid | trypanocidal drug |
r 59022 R 59022: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor; structure given in first source; platelet activator factor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5. | 3.51 | 8 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic |
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent |
dibenzothiophene dibenzothiophene : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a thiophene ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dibenzothiophenes; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent | keratolytic drug |
dibucaine Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound | topical anaesthetic |
dicamba Dicamba: A chlorinated organic herbicide.. dicamba : A methoxybenzoic acid that is O-methylsalicylic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 6. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; methoxybenzoic acid | agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; synthetic auxin; xenobiotic |
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. | 9.92 | 11 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide | bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant |
dichlorphenamide Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; sulfonamide | antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; ophthalmology drug |
dicyclomine Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester; tertiary amine | antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic |
3,4-dihydroxybenzohydroxamic acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids | |
diethylcarbamazine Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | N-carbamoylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine | |
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pentacarboxylic acid | copper chelator |
diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound | non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
dimercaprol Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | dithiol; primary alcohol | chelator |
dinitolmide Dinitolmide: A coccidiostat for poultry. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dinitrotoluene | |
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration. | 9.79 | 10 | 0 | ether; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative |
diphenyleneiodonium diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic cation | |
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots. | 7.96 | 4 | 0 | piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol | adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
dipyrone metamizole : A pyrazole that is antiipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfomethyl)amino group, the sodium salt of which, metamizole sodium, was widely used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic, but withdrawn from many markets from the 1970s due to a risk of causing risk of causing agranulocytosis. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; pyrazoles | anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug |
disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug |
disulfiram [no description available] | 4.51 | 5 | 1 | organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor |
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid | anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent |
2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid: (D)-isomer active as an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate excitation of central neurons; (L)-isomer inactive; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
thiorphan Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone 2,3-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione : A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 3. Redox-cycling agent that induces intracellular superoxide anion formation and, depending on the concentration, induces cell proliferation, apoptosis or necrosis. Used to study the role of ROS in cell toxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-naphthoquinones | |
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist |
donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent |
doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug. | 4.88 | 4 | 2 | dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound | antidepressant |
droperidol Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound | anaesthesia adjuvant; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic |
dyphylline Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine; propane-1,2-diols | bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent |
ebselen ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzoselenazole | anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger |
econazole Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group. | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | |
edrophonium Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | phenols; quaternary ammonium ion | antidote; diagnostic agent; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor |
ellipticine ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polycyclic heteroarene | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | trihydroxyanthraquinone | antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | anaesthetic |
enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
estazolam Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | triazoles; triazolobenzodiazepine | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator |
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid | EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic |
ethinamate ethinamate: short duration hypnotic with fast onset & relatively low toxicity; may cause dependence; minor descriptor (76-85); on-line & Index Medicus search CARBAMATES (76-85). ethinamate : A carbamate ester that is the 1-vinylcyclohexyl ester of carbamic acid. A short-acting sedative-hypnotic, it was formerly used to treat insomnia. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; terminal acetylenic compound | sedative |
ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone | anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker |
ethoxzolamide Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; sulfonamide | antiglaucoma drug; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
ethyl loflazepate ethyl loflazepate: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator |
etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
brl 42810 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; acetate ester | antiviral drug; prodrug |
famotidine Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide | anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
felbamate Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | carbamate ester | anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent |
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
fenbufen fenbufen: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; biphenyls | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes | antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent |
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines | adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
fexofenadine fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist |
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart). | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines | anti-arrhythmia drug |
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug | environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic |
flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone | prodrug |
fludiazepam fludiazepam: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | anxiolytic drug |
flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders. | 4.16 | 5 | 0 | aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
fluphenazine [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines | anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound | antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist |
flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes | anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative |
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth. | 12.15 | 38 | 5 | nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group. | 8.32 | 6 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound | |
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain. | 3.3 | 6 | 0 | fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
fluspirilene Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide | androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent |
fomepizole Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrazoles | antidote; EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; protective agent |
formoterol fumarate N-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide : A phenylethanoloamine having 4-hydroxy and 3-formamido substituents on the phenyl ring and an N-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl substituent. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | formamides; phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
fpl 64176 FPL 64176: an activator of L-type calcium channels; structure given in first source. FPL 64176 : 1H-Pyrrole substituted at C-2 and -5 by methyl groups, at C-3 by methoxycarbonyl and at C-4 by a 2-benzylbenzoyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester; pyrroles | calcium channel agonist |
furafylline [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | |
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure. | 5 | 12 | 0 | chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide | environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic |
fusaric acid Fusaric Acid: A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines | |
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | gamma-amino acid | anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
4-amino-5-hexynoic acid 4-amino-5-hexynoic acid: structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
gemfibrozil [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether | antilipemic drug |
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | ||
glafenine Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aminoquinoline; carboxylic ester; glycol; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound | inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger |
glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue |
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5. | 7.67 | 3 | 0 | dialdehyde | cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative |
glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | piperidines | |
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea | anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent |
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
guaiazulene guaiazulene: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | sesquiterpene | |
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | methoxybenzenes | |
guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | azocanes; guanidines | adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent |
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)piperazine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent |
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
halothane [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
hemicholinium 3 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | morpholines | |
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union. | 3.75 | 3 | 0 | bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene | acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug |
miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phosphocholines; phospholipid | anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor |
4-fluorohexahydrosiladifenidol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
hexestrol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
hexetidine Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic heteromonocyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | barbiturates | |
hycanthone Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | thioxanthenes | mutagen; schistosomicide drug |
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines | antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent |
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 3.86 | 12 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions. | 4.85 | 11 | 0 | aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug |
hydroxyurea [no description available] | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | one-carbon compound; ureas | antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent |
hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively. | 6.21 | 10 | 1 | hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine | anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist |
ibudilast [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolopyridine | |
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine | 3.74 | 10 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic |
ic 261 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | primary amine | |
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline. | 16.74 | 119 | 42 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic |
alverine alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | tertiary amine | antispasmodic drug |
idebenone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor |
ifenprodil ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | |
ifosfamide [no description available] | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | ifosfamides | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom. | 3.31 | 6 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | bipyridines | EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor |
incadronate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) | |
indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
indirubin-3'-monoxime indirubin-3'-monoxime: has antiangiogenic activity. indirubin-3'-monoxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis. | 7.76 | 32 | 1 | aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole | analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic |
indoprofen Indoprofen: A drug that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Following reports of adverse reactions including reports of carcinogenicity in animal studies it was withdrawn from the market worldwide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p21). indoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(1-oxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)phenyl group. Initially used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic, it was withdrawn from the market due to causing severe gastrointestinal bleeding. It has been subsequently found to increase production of the survival motor neuron protein. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | gamma-lactam; isoindoles; monocarboxylic acid | EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
iodixanol iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography. | 3.7 | 1 | 1 | organoiodine compound | radioopaque medium |
iodoacetamide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position. | 4.39 | 4 | 1 | benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound | environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic |
iodipamide Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; organoiodine compound; secondary carboxamide | radioopaque medium |
ioversol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amidobenzoic acid | |
ioxaglate Ioxaglic Acid: A low-osmolar, ionic contrast medium used in various radiographic procedures.. ioxaglic acid : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an acetyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position. | 2 | 1 | 0 | benzenedicarboxamide; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound | radioopaque medium |
iproniazid [no description available] | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | carbohydrazide; pyridines | |
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine | |
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC). | 3.83 | 12 | 0 | carbohydrazide | antitubercular agent; drug allergen |
4-piperidinecarboxylic acid 4-piperidinecarboxylic acid: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group. | 5.57 | 6 | 1 | secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol | protic solvent |
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders. | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
isoxsuprine Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester | |
itraconazole [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperazines | |
4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline WHI P131: a quinazoline derivative, inhibitor of glioblastoma cell adhesion and migration | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
jl 18 JL 18: a pyridobenzodiazepine derivative bioisoster of clozapine | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
nsc 664704 kenpaullone: inhibits CDK1/cyclin B; structure in first source. kenpaullone : An indolobenzazepine that is paullone in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by a bromo substituent. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta). | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | indolobenzazepine; lactam; organobromine compound | cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group. | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist |
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine | |
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2. | 3.65 | 9 | 0 | benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively. | 10.28 | 11 | 6 | amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate | analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
ketotifen Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound | anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist |
khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator. | 15.29 | 103 | 13 | furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle | anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid | G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid: metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist; do not confuse AP-3 used as an abbreviation for this with enhancer-binding protein AP-3 (a trans-activator) or clathrin assembly protein AP-3. 2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid : A non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; phosphonic acids | human metabolite; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist |
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
lamotrigine [no description available] | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | 1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine | anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic |
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzochromenone; orthoquinones | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide | antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
linopirdine linopirdine: acetylcholine releasing drug | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
lofepramine Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone; dibenzoazepine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound | antidepressant |
lomefloxacin lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent |
lomustine [no description available] | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist |
loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders. | 3.52 | 2 | 0 | benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide | anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist |
lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles | angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist |
loxoprofen loxoprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source. loxoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl group. A prodrug that is rapidly converted into its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | cyclopentanones; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound | autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate | |
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isopropyl ester | |
maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | anthracenes | |
mazindol Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester | antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator |
mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | primary aliphatic amine | |
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent |
meclizine Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound | analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
meclofenamate sodium anhydrous [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
meclofenoxate Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | |
medazepam Medazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used in the treatment of anxiety. It has sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties. One of its metabolites is DIAZEPAM and one of its excretion products is OXAZEPAM. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 4.47 | 7 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound | analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
mefloquine hydrochloride [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinolines; secondary alcohol | |
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical |
meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound | antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
mephenesin Mephenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.. 1-(2-methylphenyl)glycerol : A glycerol ether in which a single 2-methylphenyl group is attached at position 1 of glycerol via an ether linkage. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; glycerol ether | |
mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | anticonvulsant |
mepivacaine Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic. | 6.78 | 12 | 2 | piperidinecarboxamide | drug allergen; local anaesthetic |
meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603) | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
metaproterenol Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | aralkylamino compound; phenylethanolamines; resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | guanidines | environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic |
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound | |
methantheline Methantheline: A quaternary ammonium compound that acts as an antimuscarinic agent. It has been used in the treatment of PEPTIC ULCER, in gastrointestinal disorders associated with smooth muscle spasm, and in the management of urinary incontinence, and may also be used for the treatment of HYPERHIDROSIS. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | xanthenes | |
methenamine Methenamine: An anti-infective agent most commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Its anti-infective action derives from the slow release of formaldehyde by hydrolysis at acidic pH. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p173). hexamethylenetetramine : A polycyclic cage that is adamantane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 3, 5 and 7 are replaced by nitrogen atoms. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | polyazaalkane; polycyclic cage; tetramine | antibacterial drug |
methiothepin Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; dibenzothiepine; N-alkylpiperazine; tertiary amino compound | antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist |
methocarbamol Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; carbamate ester; secondary alcohol | |
methoctramine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; tetramine | muscarinic antagonist |
methoxyamine methoxyamine: analytical reagent for aldehydes and ketones; strong irritant, can probably produce methemoglobinemia; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organooxygen compound | |
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis. | 5.15 | 6 | 2 | aromatic ether; psoralens | antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic |
methyclothiazide Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825) | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | benzothiadiazine | |
nocodazole [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes | antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator |
methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid. | 3.84 | 3 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates | flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite |
3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid | |
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines | |
methyprylon methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic |
metolazone Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | organochlorine compound; quinazolines; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic; ion transport inhibitor |
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. | 4.39 | 6 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol | antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. | 5.5 | 9 | 2 | aromatic ketone | antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor |
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether; primary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug |
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist |
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. | 3.79 | 2 | 1 | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles | |
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative |
midodrine Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide; aromatic ether; secondary alcohol | alpha-adrenergic agonist; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
milrinone [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone | cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6. | 3.67 | 9 | 0 | dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound | |
mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist |
mitotane Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | analgesic; antineoplastic agent |
ml 7 ML-7 : An N-sulfonyldiazepane resullting from the formal condensation of 5-iodo-1-naphthylsulfonic acid with one of the nitrogens of 1,4-diazepane. It is a selective inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-sulfonyldiazepane; organoiodine compound | EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor |
moclobemide Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines | antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
modafinil Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfoxide | |
moxisylyte Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide | environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic |
n-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide: calmodulin antagonist; structure given in first source. N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide : A sulfonamide that is 5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide in which one of the hydrogens of the nitrogen atom is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes; organochlorine compound; primary amino compound; sulfonamide | |
n-bromoacetamide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | maleimides | anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor |
fg 7142 FG 7142: benzodiazepine receptor agonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | beta-carbolines | |
clorgyline Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound | antidepressant; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor |
fenamic acid fenamic acid: has chloride and potassium channel-blocking activity; RN given refers to parent cpd. fenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound | membrane transport modulator |
n 0840 N(6)-cyclopentyl-9-methyladenine: selective, orally active A(1) adenosine receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
nalidixic acid [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
naphazoline Naphazoline: An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant. | 3.04 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes | |
nefazodone nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazoles | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; analgesic; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
nefopam Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoxazocine; tertiary amino compound | |
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine | antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound | |
niceritrol Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
niclosamide Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; salicylanilides; secondary carboxamide | anthelminthic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; molluscicide; piscicide; STAT3 inhibitor |
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | 3.55 | 8 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent |
niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines | |
nilutamide [no description available] | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; imidazolidinone | androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent |
nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
nimetazepam nimetazepam : A nitrazepam which is substituted at positions 1 by a methyl group. It is used as an anticonvulsant and as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound | anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; GABA modulator; sedative |
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | 2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
nipecotic acid nipecotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is piperidine in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid | |
nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | |
nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome). | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound | anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative |
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent |
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | nitroglycerol | explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
nizatidine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound; carboxamidine; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound | anti-ulcer drug; cholinergic drug; H2-receptor antagonist |
nomifensine Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | dopamine uptake inhibitor |
masoprocol nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | catechols; lignan; tetrol | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite |
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite |
5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid: structure given in first source; chloride channel antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | nitrobenzoic acid | |
ns 2028 NS 2028: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
ns 1619 NS 1619: structure given in first source. NS 1619 : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced are replaced by 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. It is an opener/activator of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (Bkca). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzimidazoles; phenols | potassium channel opener |
nylidrin Nylidrin: A beta-adrenergic agonist. Nylidrin causes peripheral vasodilation, a positive inotropic effect, and increased gastric volume of gastric juice. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and premature labor. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
o(6)-benzylguanine O(6)-benzylguanine: a suicide inhibitor of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline | |
olomoucine olomoucine: inhibits protein P34CDC2. olomoucine : A 9H-purine that is substituted by a (2-hydroxyethyl)nitrilo, benzylnitrilo and a methyl group at positions 2,6 and 9, respectively. It is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 2,6-diaminopurines; ethanolamines | EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor |
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5. | 3.31 | 6 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | |
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbazoles | |
orphenadrine Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ether; tertiary amino compound | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic |
oxamniquine Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic primary alcohol; C-nitro compound; quinolines; secondary amino compound | |
oxaprozin Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles; monocarboxylic acid | analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
oxatomide oxatomide: structure; an anti-allergic & an anti-asthmatic. oxatomide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzimidazoles; diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5. | 3.14 | 5 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
oxethazaine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide | |
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound | drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin |
oxiracetam oxiracetam: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
oxolinic acid quinolone antibiotic : An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic carboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; enzyme inhibitor |
oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
oxybenzone oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxybenzophenone; monomethoxybenzene | dermatologic drug; environmental contaminant; protective agent; ultraviolet filter; xenobiotic |
oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder. | 4.7 | 3 | 2 | acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic |
oxymetazoline Oxymetazoline: A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251). oxymetazoline : A member of the class of phenols that is 2,4-dimethylphenol which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl and tert-butyl groups, respectively. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to relieve nasal congestion. | 3.04 | 1 | 0 | carboxamidine; imidazolines; phenols | alpha-adrenergic agonist; nasal decongestant; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. | 7.3 | 11 | 2 | phenols; pyrazolidines | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite |
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4. | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; phenols | antitubercular agent |
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones | cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
fenclonine Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | phenylalanine derivative | |
palmidrol palmidrol: a cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection. palmitoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine | anti-inflammatory drug; anticonvulsant; antihypertensive agent; neuroprotective agent |
pamidronate [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | phosphonoacetic acid | |
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines | antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent |
4-chlorophenol 4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant. 4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | monochlorophenol | |
4-dichlorobenzene dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | insecticide |
1,7-dimethylxanthine 1,7-dimethylxanthine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 7. It is a metabolite of caffeine and theobromine in animals. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | central nervous system stimulant; human blood serum metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone | EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
pemoline Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles | central nervous system stimulant |
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic |
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 3.35 | 7 | 0 | barbiturates | GABAA receptor agonist |
pentoxifylline [no description available] | 9.33 | 4 | 1 | oxopurine | |
perazine Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; phenothiazines | dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
perhexiline Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | cardiovascular drug |
perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10. | 3.3 | 6 | 0 | N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
phenacemide phenacemide: anti-epileptic drug; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acetamides | |
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione | 3.26 | 6 | 0 | acetamides; aromatic ether | cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug |
phenazopyridine Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | diaminopyridine; monoazo compound | anticoronaviral agent; carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; non-narcotic analgesic |
phenazine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; heteranthrene; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; phenazines; polycyclic heteroarene | |
phenindione Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234) | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ketone; beta-diketone | anticoagulant |
pheniramine Pheniramine: One of the HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS with little sedative action. It is used in treatment of hay fever, rhinitis, allergic dermatoses, and pruritus. | 3.04 | 1 | 0 | pyridines; tertiary amino compound | |
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. | 5.36 | 19 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative |
phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols | |
phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
phentermine Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | primary amine | adrenergic agent; appetite depressant; central nervous system drug; central nervous system stimulant; dopaminergic agent; sympathomimetic agent |
4-phenylbutyric acid 4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug |
phenyl biguanide phenyl biguanide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenyl biguanide : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a phenyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | guanidines | central nervous system drug |
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position. | 9.39 | 22 | 0 | pyrazolidines | antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug |
phloretin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dihydrochalcones | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
moxonidine moxonidine: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organohalogen compound; pyrimidines | |
picotamide picotamide: has anticoagulant & fibrinolytic properties; structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed) | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | pyridines | |
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indoles; secondary amine | antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
pioglitazone Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; pyridines; thiazolidinediones | antidepressant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug; PPARgamma agonist; xenobiotic |
pipemidic acid Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; pyridopyrimidine; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
piperazine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | anthelminthic drug |
piperidine-4-sulfonic acid piperidine-4-sulfonic acid: specific GABA agonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
pipobroman Pipobroman: An antineoplastic agent that acts by alkylation.. pipobroman : An N-acylpiperazine that is piperazine in which each of the nitrogens has been acylated by a 3-bromopropionoyl group. An anti-cancer drug. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | N-acylpiperazine; organobromine compound; tertiary carboxamide | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
pirenperone [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
polythiazide [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine | |
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt | fertilizer |
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
prilocaine Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | amino acid amide; monocarboxylic acid amide | anticonvulsant; local anaesthetic |
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine | antimalarial |
primidone Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | pyrimidone | anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzoic acids; sulfonamide | uricosuric drug |
probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | dithioketal; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug |
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | benzamides | anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker |
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol. | 7.5 | 16 | 3 | benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug |
procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | benzamides; hydrazines | antineoplastic agent |
procaterol Procaterol: A long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic |
proglumide Proglumide: A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.. proglumide : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs.. N(2)-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-benzoylglutamic acid with dippropylamine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; glutamine derivative; racemate | anti-ulcer drug; cholecystokinin antagonist; cholinergic antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; drug metabolite; gastrointestinal drug; opioid analgesic; xenobiotic metabolite |
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative |
propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug |
propantheline Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | xanthenes | |
propentofylline [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | |
propiverine propiverine: anticholinergic used for overactive bladder syndrome | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | phenols | anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative |
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3. | 6.02 | 14 | 2 | naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
pyridinolcarbamate Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridines | |
pyridostigmine [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | pyridinium ion | |
pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative | H1-receptor antagonist |
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes | antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
rabeprazole Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
raloxifene raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzothiophenes; aromatic ketone; N-oxyethylpiperidine; phenols | bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
ranitidine [no description available] | 3.31 | 6 | 0 | aralkylamine | |
opc 12759 rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | secondary carboxamide | |
resorcinol resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | benzenediol; phenolic donor; resorcinols | erythropoietin inhibitor; sensitiser |
pf 5901 alpha-pentyl-3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)benzenemethanol: structure given in first source; platelet activating factor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzothiazoles | |
risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | 1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
ritanserin Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; piperidines; thiazolopyrimidine | antidepressant; antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist |
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone 4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes | |
rofecoxib [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | butenolide; sulfone | analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
rolipram [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pyrrolidin-2-ones | antidepressant; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor |
salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | phenols; salicylamides | antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic |
salmeterol xinafoate salmeterol : A racemate consisting of equal parts of (R)- and (S)-salmeterol. It is a potent and selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50 = 5.3 nM). Unlike other beta2 agonists, it binds to the exo-site domain of beta2 receptors, producing a slow onset of action and prolonged activation.. 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A phenol having a hydroxymethyl group at C-2 and a 1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl group at C-4; derivative of phenylethanolamine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ether; phenols; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
sb 202190 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole: structure given in first source; inhibits p38 MAP kinase | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles; organofluorine compound; phenols; pyridines | apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor |
secobarbital Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | anaesthesia adjuvant; GABA modulator; sedative |
semustine Semustine: 4-Methyl derivative of LOMUSTINE; (CCNU). An antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating agent.. semustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-methylcyclohexyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent |
sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ether; organofluorine compound | central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
sibutramine sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | anti-obesity agent; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines. | 3.38 | 7 | 0 | pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
sobuzoxane sobuzoxane: used in treatment of leukemia L1210 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
risedronic acid Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | pyridines | |
sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide | anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; orphan drug; prodrug |
spiroxatrine spiroxatrine: structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidines | |
sq 22536 9-(tetrahydrofuryl)adenine : A nucleoside analogue that is adenine in which the nitrogen at position 9 has been substituted by a tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group. It is an adenylate cyclase inhibitor. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; oxolanes | EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor |
streptonigrin [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | pyridines; quinolone | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent |
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor |
succinylcholine Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion; succinate ester | drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent |
sulfabenzamide sulfabenzamide : A sulfonamide containing a benzamido substituent on nitrogen. An antibacterial/antimicrobial, it is often used in conjunction with sulfathiazole and sulfacetamide as a topical, intravaginal antibacterial preparation. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial drug |
sulfacetamide Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | N-sulfonylcarboxamide; substituted aniline | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor |
sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether; pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
sulfaguanidine Sulfaguanidine: A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections.. sulfaguanidine : A sulfonamide incorporating a guanidine moiety used to block the synthesis of folic acid; mostly used in veterinary medicine | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide antibiotic | antiinfective agent |
sulfamerazine [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; drug allergen |
sulfameter Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; leprostatic drug; renal agent |
sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic |
sulfamethizole Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor |
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic |
sulfamethoxypyridazine Sulfamethoxypyridazine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfamethoxypyridazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridazine having a methoxy substituent at the 6-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position. | 7.86 | 4 | 0 | pyridazines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor |
sulfamonomethoxine Sulfamonomethoxine: Long acting sulfonamide antibacterial agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; sulfonamide | |
sulfanilamide [no description available] | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
sulfaphenazole Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | primary amino compound; pyrazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor |
sulfapyridine Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | pyridines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; dermatologic drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. | 3.39 | 7 | 0 | ||
sulfathiazole Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolidines; sulfoxide | uricosuric drug |
sulfisomidine Sulfisomidine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfisomidine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent |
sulfisoxazole Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | isoxazoles; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
sulforaphane sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isothiocyanate; sulfoxide | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
sulfoxone sulfoxone: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide | |
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide | antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist |
suprofen Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes | antirheumatic drug; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug |
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug |
t0156 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | naphthyridine derivative | |
gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
tazarotene tazarotene: a topical acetylenic retinoid; a topical kerytolytic. tazarotene : The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin. | 3.1 | 1 | 0 | acetylenic compound; ethyl ester; pyridines; retinoid; thiochromane | keratolytic drug; prodrug; teratogenic agent |
1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene 1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene: potent phenobarbital-like inducer of microsomal monooxygenase activity; structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
tegafur [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | organohalogen compound; pyrimidines | |
temazepam Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
temozolomide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
terazosin Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | furans; piperazines; primary amino compound; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent |
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | phenylethanolamines; resorcinols | anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent |
terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia. | 4.14 | 3 | 1 | benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound | local anaesthetic |
tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide: N,N',N'',N'''-Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide. A specific inhibitor of pseudocholinesterases. It is commonly used experimentally to determine whether pseudo- or acetylcholinesterases are involved in an enzymatic process. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | phosphoramide | |
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group. | 4.08 | 3 | 1 | phthalimides; piperidones | |
theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent |
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles | antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug |
2,2'-thiodiethanol 2,2'-thiodiethanol: product of yperite hydrolysis; a hydrolysis product opf mustard gas; strongly stimulates differentiation of chick embryo myogenic cells. thiodiglycol : A diol that is pentane-1,5-diol in which the methylene group at position 3 is replaced by a sulfur atom | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide; diol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite; solvent |
thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | phenothiazines; piperidines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed). | 9.29 | 4 | 1 | aziridines | |
tiaprofenic acid tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes | drug allergen; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group. | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine | anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles | antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug |
tiopronin Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazole; imidazoles | alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant |
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | trihydroxybenzoic acid | |
tolazamide Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; potassium channel blocker |
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position. | 3.68 | 10 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker |
tolnaftate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monothiocarbamic ester | antifungal drug |
tolperisone Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid (1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid: a GABA-C receptor antagonist; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
ici 136,753 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolopyridine | |
ultram 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | |
tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage. | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | amino acid | |
trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine | adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | pteridines | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
triazolam Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | triazolobenzodiazepine | sedative |
trichlormethiazide Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide antibiotic | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine 2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
triclosan [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols | antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic |
trifluoperazine [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines | antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic |
trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | oxazolidinone | anticonvulsant; geroprotector |
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge. | 3.44 | 7 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes | antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
trimetrexate Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
tripelennamine Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically. | 3.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | chromanes; thiazolidinone | anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
tropicamide Tropicamide: One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetamides | |
tyramine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines | EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
tyrphostin a9 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | geroprotector |
delavirdine Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine; indolecarboxamide; N-acylpiperazine; sulfonamide | antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
urethane [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | carbamate ester | fungal metabolite; mutagen |
venlafaxine venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | cyclohexanols; monomethoxybenzene; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; serotonin uptake inhibitor; xenobiotic |
vesamicol vesamicol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | |
vesnarinone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
vigabatrin [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | gamma-amino acid | anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor |
8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine 8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole: antineoplastic; activates platelet guanylate cyclase; a radiosensitizing agent and guanylate cyclase activator; structure in first source. lificiguat : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole which is substituted by a benzyl group at position 1 and a 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase and inhibits platelet aggregation. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic primary alcohol; furans; indazoles | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; platelet aggregation inhibitor; soluble guanylate cyclase activator; vasodilator agent |
ici 204,219 zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | carbamate ester; indoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide | anti-asthmatic agent; leukotriene antagonist |
zardaverine zardaverine: structure given in first source. zardaverine : A pyridazinone derivative in which pyridazin-3(2H)-one is substituted at C-6 with a 4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl group. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, selective for PDE3 and 4. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; pyridazinone | anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; peripheral nervous system drug |
zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | imidazopyridine | central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative |
zomepirac zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; pyrroles | cardiovascular drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
zopiclone zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochloropyridine; pyrrolopyrazine | central nervous system depressant; sedative |
guanidine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic chloride salt | protein denaturant |
hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 4.89 | 8 | 1 | cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
cortisone acetate Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders. | 3.11 | 5 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae. | 7.27 | 9 | 2 | mitomycin | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
corticosterone [no description available] | 6.38 | 55 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone. | 15.94 | 402 | 9 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid | estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | ergoline alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound | dopamine agonist; hallucinogen; serotonergic agonist |
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. | 3.47 | 8 | 0 | alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic |
cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glucitol | cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidone | hyperglycemic agent; metabolite |
thymidine [no description available] | 4.55 | 8 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent |
piperonyl butoxide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles | pesticide synergist |
procaine hydrochloride Gerovital H3: Contains mainly procaine & small amounts of benzoic acid, potassium metabisulfite & disodium phosphate | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
triethylenemelamine Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1,3,5-triazines | alkylating agent; insect sterilant |
bromouracil Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; pyrimidines | mutagen |
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
isoproterenol hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | catechols | |
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group. | 3.47 | 8 | 0 | 4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
histamine dihydrochloride Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. | 5.58 | 24 | 0 | 2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine | antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 1-phenylpropan-2-amine | adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent |
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | ammonium salt; carbamate ester | cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
norethindrone acetate norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; terminal acetylenic compound | progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7. | 6.02 | 38 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester | aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
prednisolone acetate prednisolone acetate: RN given refers to cpd with locant for acetate group in position 21 & (11 beta)-isomer | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
cyclobarbital cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | barbiturates | |
aldosterone [no description available] | 5.25 | 17 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
allobarbital allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | barbiturates | |
pentolinium tartrate Pentolinium Tartrate: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension.. pentolinium tartrate : The bitartrate salt of pentolinium. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | tartrate salt | antihypertensive agent |
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group. | 4.49 | 5 | 1 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine | antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen |
trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester | agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide |
norethandrolone Norethandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties and moderate progestational activity. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
tetrahydrocortisol [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid. | 15.46 | 282 | 7 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
tetrahydrocortisone [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 21-hydroxy steroid | |
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens. | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
paramethasone Paramethasone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than HYDROCORTISONE with supplementary FLUDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737) | 8.22 | 37 | 1 | fluorinated steroid | |
fluprednisolone Fluprednisolone: A synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties. | 4.72 | 7 | 1 | fluorinated steroid | |
methylprednisolone acetate Methylprednisolone Acetate: Methylprednisolone derivative that is used as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of ALLERGY and ALLERGIC RHINITIS; ASTHMA; and BURSITIS; and for the treatment of ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. methylprednisolone acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy function of 6alpha-methylprednisolone compound with acetic acid. | 7.3 | 12 | 1 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; acetate ester; glucocorticoid; steroid ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug |
oxandrolone Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. | 10.39 | 20 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; oxa-steroid | anabolic agent; androgen |
androsterone [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; C19-steroid | androgen; anticonvulsant; human blood serum metabolite; human metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; pheromone |
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. | 4.17 | 5 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid | androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
promazine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
nad [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | NAD | geroprotector |
azauridine Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite |
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope |
idoxuridine [no description available] | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
metaraminol Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | phenylethanolamines | alpha-adrenergic agonist; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
pilocarpine hydrochloride pilocarpine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of (+)-pilocarpine, a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye and dry mouth. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pilocarpine | antiglaucoma drug |
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine; organic iodide salt; piperazinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt | nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist |
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. | 8.84 | 12 | 0 | 2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
racepinephrine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
(4-(m-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium chloride (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride: A drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. It is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | dialkyl phosphate | |
hexamethonium bromide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | guanidines | |
cystamine dihydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloromethanes | hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant |
cantharidin Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; monoterpenoid | EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; herbicide |
tetraethylammonium chloride tetraethylammonium chloride : A quarternary ammonium chloride salt in which the cation has four ethyl substituents around the central nitrogen. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt; quaternary ammonium salt | potassium channel blocker |
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. | 3.81 | 12 | 0 | alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite |
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives. | 12.14 | 17 | 1 | C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. | 3.58 | 9 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | 4.44 | 5 | 1 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
cetrimonium bromide cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | detergent; surfactant |
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor |
vincristine [no description available] | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | acetate ester; formamides; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid | antineoplastic agent; drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator |
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | carbamate ester; indole alkaloid | antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic |
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | glycosyl glycoside | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | 17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | xenoestrogen |
testosterone propionate Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid | drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist |
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug |
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. | 4.45 | 7 | 0 | pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound | antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone | anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent |
dromostanolone dromostanolone: synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid used to lower plasma cholesterol & as antineoplastic agent in advanced breast neoplasms; major descriptor (66-86); on-line search ANDROSTANOLS (80-86); ANDROSTANES (68-86); INDEX MEDICUS search DROMOSTANOLONE (66-86); RN given refers to (2alpha,5alpha,17beta)-isomer | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid | anabolic agent; antineoplastic agent |
promethazine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative |
tetrabenazine 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound | |
puromycin aminonucleoside 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine: structure in first source. 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine : Puromycin derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines | |
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent |
uridine [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | uridines | drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components. | 7.86 | 4 | 0 | kanamycins | bacterial metabolite |
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | D-galactose; galactopyranose | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 3.21 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite |
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
thiamine [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt; vitamin B1 | |
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease | 3.28 | 6 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug |
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive. | 3.97 | 4 | 0 | ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector |
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; primary alcohol | Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine | EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
phlorhizin [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative | antioxidant; plant metabolite |
methoxamine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dimethoxybenzene | |
methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine . | 3.45 | 2 | 0 | amphetamines | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent |
papaverine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
niridazole Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound | |
cloxacillin Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug |
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt | acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer |
bretylium tosylate Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organosulfonate salt; quaternary ammonium salt | adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent |
zoxazolamine Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood. | 3.46 | 8 | 0 | benzoxazole | |
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group. | 3.56 | 9 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
4-nitrobenzoic acid 4-nitrobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-nitrobenzoic acid : A nitrobenzoic acid having the nitro group at the 4-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nitrobenzoic acid | |
berlition berlition: antioxidant preparation containing alpha-lipoic acid, used in the neuroprotective therapy of chronic brain ischemia for correction of free-radical processes. (R)-lipoic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. A vitamin-like, C8 thia fatty acid with anti-oxidant properties.. lipoic acid : A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; lipoic acid; thia fatty acid | cofactor; nutraceutical; prosthetic group |
methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116) | 3.8 | 2 | 1 | quaternary ammonium salt | |
aniline [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | anilines; primary arylamine | |
androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid | androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; naphthalenes | acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant |
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | lactose | |
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
Mebutamate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE | 7.04 | 64 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions. | 8.3 | 20 | 2 | alkaloid; colchicine | anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen |
etimizol Etimizol: A xanthine-related, putative nootropic drug. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
yohimbine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
gallamine triethiodide Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198) | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
uracil mustard Uracil Mustard: Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aminouracil; nitrogen mustard | |
oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | penicillin | antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug |
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. | 4.56 | 26 | 0 | antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
ficusin Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | psoralens | plant metabolite |
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid | chelator |
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | chloromethanes; one-carbon compound | carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
fluocinolone acetonide Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders. | 20.32 | 71 | 8 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug |
triamcinolone diacetate triamcinolone diacetate: lysyl oxidase antagonist; Polcortolon may also refers to triamcinolone | 10.5 | 61 | 3 | corticosteroid hormone | |
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen. | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol | progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
norethynodrel Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | oxo steroid | |
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion | antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist |
triaziquone Triaziquone: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.. triaziquone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which three of the ring hydrogens are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; aziridines | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
benziodarone benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; progestin |
quinacrine monohydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
chlorpromazine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride; phenothiazines | anticoronaviral agent; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group. | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
mannitol [no description available] | 3.14 | 5 | 0 | mannitol | allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent |
cytarabine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
cytarabine [no description available] | 4.89 | 8 | 1 | beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent |
dithionitrobenzoic acid Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups. | 2 | 1 | 0 | nitrobenzoic acid; organic disulfide | indicator |
trifluridine Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor |
ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine | algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite |
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group. | 3.04 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
4-hydroxypropiophenone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetophenones | |
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite; plant metabolite |
medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester | adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
sulfobromophthalein sodium bromosulfophthalein sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of bromosulfophthalein.. bromosulfophthalein : An organosulfonic acid that consists of phthalide bearing four bromo substituents at positions 4, 5, 6 and 7 as well as two 4-hydroxy-3-sulfophenyl groups both located at position 1. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | dye |
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
mestranol [no description available] | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound | prodrug; xenoestrogen |
methaqualone Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | quinazolines | GABA agonist; sedative |
dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane: An organochlorine insecticide that is slightly irritating to the skin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p482) | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide | xenobiotic metabolite |
trypan blue VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
methandrostenolone Methandrostenolone: A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188) | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
cordycepin [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | 3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines | antimetabolite; nucleoside antibiotic |
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. | 3.83 | 12 | 0 | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan | antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
lidocaine hydrochloride lidocaine hydrochloride : The anhydrous form of the hydrochloride salt of lidocaine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anti-arrhythmia drug; local anaesthetic |
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent |
carbon disulfide Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound | |
tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | tertiary alcohol | human xenobiotic metabolite |
tert-amyl alcohol 2-methylbutan-2-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is propan-1-ol in which both of the hydrogens at position 1 have been replaced by methyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic alcohol; tertiary alcohol | protic solvent |
dalapon dalapon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic acid; organohalogen compound | |
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
perflutren Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon | |
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections. | 13.14 | 155 | 6 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
fluoxymesterone Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; fluorinated steroid | anabolic agent; antineoplastic agent |
allylpropymal allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. | 4.35 | 2 | 2 | benzenes; piperidines | anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug |
butobarbital butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | barbiturates | |
methylpentynol methylpentynol: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ynone | |
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound | plant metabolite |
isobutyl alcohol isobutyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol | Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
2-butanol 2-butanol: RN given is for parent cpd without isomeric designation. butan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is butane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | secondary alcohol | |
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | chloroethenes | inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite |
methyl acetate methyl acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of acetic acid with methanol. A low-boiling (57 degreeC) colourless, flammable liquid, it is used as a solvent for many resins and oils. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; methyl ester; volatile organic compound | EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; fragrance; polar aprotic solvent |
pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | pantothenic acid; vitamin B5 | antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite |
p-tert-amylphenol p-tert-amylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
dehydrocholic acid Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 12-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-5beta-steroid; 7-oxo steroid; oxo-5beta-cholanic acid | gastrointestinal drug |
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate | human metabolite |
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone. | 16.25 | 196 | 13 | 6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic |
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones | antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin |
carbazole carbazole: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbazole | |
penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | |
isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | glucitol derivative; nitrate ester | nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
penicillanic acid Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration. | 3.27 | 1 | 0 | penicillanic acids | |
2,4,6-trichlorophenol [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | trichlorophenol | carcinogenic agent |
1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes | |
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | monoterpenoid; phenols | volatile oil component |
pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; central nervous system drug; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
quinoline [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines | |
2-naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | naphthylamine | carcinogenic agent |
n,n-diethylaniline N,N-diethylaniline: a reagent and an intermediate in manufacturing of dyes | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | xanthene | |
phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazine | ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger |
thianthrene thianthrene: in its electron deficient state, effects formation of high-energy phosphate bonds in process of oxidative phosphorylation; structure. thianthrene : The organosulfur heterocyclic compound that is the parent compound of the thianthrenes, a tricyclic structure comprising two benzene rings fused to the b and e sides of 1,4-dithin. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; thianthrenes | |
benzidine benzidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | biphenyls; substituted aniline | carcinogenic agent |
methyl benzoate methyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by condensation of benzoic acid and methanol. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester | insect attractant; metabolite |
methyl nicotinate methyl nicotinate: erythema provoked is basis of a methylnicotinate test of anti-inflammatories | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines | |
fenoprop fenoprop: RN given is for parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | phenoxy herbicide |
ethyl benzoate ethyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by condensation of benzoic acid and ethanol. It is a volatile oil component found in ripe kiwifruit, cranberry juice, and palm kernel oil. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; ethyl ester | flavouring agent; fragrance; volatile oil component |
synephrine [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols | alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite |
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872) | 7.01 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; paraben; phenols | antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent |
butylparaben [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbonyl compound | |
nicotinic acid benzyl ester nicotinic acid benzyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6344. benzyl nicotinate : A benzyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of nicotinic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been used as a rubefacient. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzyl ester | vasodilator agent |
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | chlorophenoxyacetic acid; monochlorobenzenes | environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin |
monosulfiram monosulfiram: monosulfide derivative of disulfide DISULFIRAM; structure | 3.36 | 1 | 1 | organosulfur compound | |
benzothiophene [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzothiophenes; benzothiophene | |
benzothiazole benzothiazole: structure. benzothiazole : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzothiazoles | environmental contaminant; plant metabolite; xenobiotic |
3,4-dimethylphenol 3,4-dimethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,4-xylenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 4. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | phenols | |
cyclopentanol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclopentanols | |
phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate: The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.. 5-phosphoribosyl diphosphate : A ribose diphosphate carrying an additional phosphate group at position 5.. 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate : A derivative of alpha-D-ribose having a phosphate group at the 5-position and a diphosphate at the 1-position. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 5-O-phosphono-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde; furans | Maillard reaction product; metabolite |
butylphen butylphen: irritant; structure. 4-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted with a tert-butyl group at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols | allergen |
acetophenone acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetophenones | animal metabolite; photosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
nitrobenzene nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nitroarene; nitrobenzenes | |
dicloran 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline : A nitroaniline that is 4-nitroaniline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide, it is not approved for use in the European Union. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; dichlorobenzene; nitroaniline | antifungal agrochemical |
methylparaben methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries. | 7.01 | 1 | 0 | paraben | antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
4-isopropylphenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols | flavouring agent |
4-hydroxyacetophenone 4-hydroxyacetophenone: promotes secretion of bile & bile salts, which promotes griseofulvin absorption in the duodenum. 4'-hydroxyacetophenone : A monohydroxyacetophenone carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4'. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxyacetophenone | fungal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
4-chloronitrobenzene [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound | |
4-nitroaniline [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nitroaniline | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite |
ethylbenzene [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound | mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite |
benzyl chloride benzyl chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. chlorophenylmethane : A chlorohydrocarbon that is phenylmethane substituted by a chloro group at unspecified position.. benzyl chloride : A member of the class of benzyl chlorides that is toluene substituted on the alpha-carbon with chlorine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzyl chlorides | |
benzonitrile benzonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a phenyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; nitrile | |
methylaniline methylaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd. methylaniline : A substituted aniline carrying one or more methyl groups at unspecified positions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methylaniline; phenylalkylamine; secondary amine | |
phenylhydrazine [no description available] | 7.37 | 2 | 0 | phenylhydrazines | xenobiotic |
anisole anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | monomethoxybenzene | plant metabolite |
dyrene dyrene: structure. anilazine : A member of the class of triazenes that is dichlorotriazene in which the hydrogen is replaced by an o-chloroanilino group. A fungicide formerly used to control leaf spots and downy mildew, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine pesticide; secondary amino compound; triazines | antifungal agrochemical |
pyridostigmine bromide Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pyridinium salt | |
phenetole phenetole : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen is bonded to an ethyl and a phenyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
1,4-dibromobenzene [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dibromobenzene | |
4-bromophenol 4-bromophenol : A bromophenol containing only hydroxy and bromo substituents that are para to one another. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | bromophenol | human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; marine metabolite; mouse metabolite; persistent organic pollutant; rat metabolite |
4-xylene p-xylene : A xylene with methyl groups at positions 1 and 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | xylene | |
4-phenylenediamine 4-phenylenediamine: agent hair dye responsible for contact dermatitis; RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,4-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the amino functions are at positions 1 and 4 of the benzene nucleus. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | phenylenediamine | allergen; dye; hapten; reagent |
acrolein [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | enal | herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin |
isobutylmethylcarbinol isobutylmethylcarbinol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
3-chlorophenol 3-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol carrying the chloro substituent at position 3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochlorophenol | |
bromobenzene [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bromoarene; bromobenzenes; volatile organic compound | hepatotoxic agent; mouse metabolite; non-polar solvent |
cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol | solvent |
methyl cellosolve methyl cellosolve: widely used industrial solvent for resins, lacquers, dyes & inks; may cause anemia macrocytosis, appearance of young granulocytes in blood; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glycol ether | protic solvent; solvent |
diethylamine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | secondary aliphatic amine | |
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. | 3.89 | 2 | 1 | pyrrole; secondary amine | |
tetrahydrofuran oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ether; oxolanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; volatile organic compound | polar aprotic solvent |
furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product |
1,4-butanediol butane-1,4-diol : A butanediol that is butane in which one hydrogen of each of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, water-miscible, viscous liquid at room temperature (m.p. 16degreeC) with a high boiling point (230degreeC), it is mainly used for the production of other organic chemicals, particularly the solvent oxolane (also known as tetrahydrofuran or THF). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | butanediol; glycol | neurotoxin; prodrug; protic solvent |
morpholine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | morpholines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
1-hexanol 1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hexanol; primary alcohol | alarm pheromone; antibacterial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite |
1,5-pentanediol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | primary alcohol | |
heptanol Heptanol: A colorless liquid with a fragrant odor. It is used as an intermediate, solvent and in cosmetics.. heptanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of seven carbon atoms.. heptan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | heptanol; primary alcohol | flavouring agent; fragrance; gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; plant metabolite |
n-butoxyethanol n-butoxyethanol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-butoxyethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a butoxy group. A high-boiling (171degreeC) colourless liquid, it is used as a solvent for paints and inks, as well as in some dry cleaning solutions. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | glycol ether; primary alcohol | protic solvent |
tetraethylenepentamine [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | polyazaalkane | copper chelator |
ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | peptide ergot alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent |
imipramine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antidepressant |
neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | bromide salt | |
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | biguanides | antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent |
mephobarbital Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant |
edrophonium chloride edrophonium chloride : The chloride salt of edrophonium. A reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes), it is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | chloride salt; quaternary ammonium salt | antidote; diagnostic agent; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor |
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes | antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant |
chloranil Chloranil: A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.. tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; organochlorine compound | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; metabolite |
trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | trinitrotoluene | explosive |
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B. | 8.14 | 27 | 2 | aminoglycoside | allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite |
isoquinoline [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | azaarene; isoquinolines; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene | |
ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate: structure | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ethyl ester; paraben | antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite |
sulfan blue sulfan blue: widely used to visualize lymph vessels for lymphography; structure | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
suramin sodium suramin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the hexasodium salt of suramin. It is an FDA approved drug for African sleeping sickness and river blindness. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug |
pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone | antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector |
meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hexosamine; secondary amino compound | |
cinchophen cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
amiben Amiben: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | chlorobenzoic acid | |
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | naphthol | antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger |
methapyrilene hydrochloride methapyrilene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of methapyrilene. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anti-allergic agent; carcinogenic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative |
tetrracaine hydrochloride leocaine: a crystal beta-modification of the beta-dimethylaminoethyl ether of n-butylaminobenzoic acid hydrochloride | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester | |
2-methylbutanol 2-methylbutanol: fragrance; structure in first source. 2-methylbutan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is isopentane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol | Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
chelidamic acid [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
aluminum acetate [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
p-cresyl acetate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; phenols | |
monuron monuron: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search UREA/AA (72-74) & HERBICIDES (72-74) & HERBICIDES UREA (75-83); RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. monuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a p-chlorophenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; monochlorobenzenes | environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
sterogenol hexadecylpyridinium bromide: structure in first source. cetylpyridinium bromide : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and bromide as the anion. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bromide salt; pyridinium salt | antiseptic drug; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; surfactant |
iminodiacetic acid iminodiacetic acid: used as hepatobiliary imaging agent when labeled with Tc; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. iminodiacetic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a carboxymethyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | amino dicarboxylic acid; glycine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | chelator |
hexadecylamine [no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | alkylamine | |
pregnenolone [no description available] | 4.92 | 12 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
2-chloroadenosine 5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride; organoammonium salt | anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative |
nafcillin Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
3-hydroxyanisole 3-hydroxyanisole: structure in first source. 3-methoxyphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol having a methoxy-substituent at the 3-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monomethoxybenzene; phenols | |
mequinol mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | methoxybenzenes; phenols | metabolite |
quinestrol Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | xenoestrogen |
cycloguanil cycloguanil: the active metabolite of proguanil; antifolate drug; structure in first source. cycloguanil : A triazine in which a 1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine ring is substituted at N-1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group, at C-2 and -4 by amino groups and at C-6 by gem-dimethyl groups. A dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it is a metabolite of the antimalarial drug proguanil. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | triazines | antifolate; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
dydrogesterone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid | progestin |
fluocortolone Fluocortolone: A glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity used topically for various skin disorders. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | 21-hydroxy steroid | |
phenetidine Phenetidine: Used in the manufacture of acetophenetidin.. 4-ethoxyaniline : An aromatic ether that is aniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by an ethoxy group. It is a hydrolysis metabolite of phenacetin. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; primary amino compound; substituted aniline | drug metabolite |
cysteamine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
diazooxonorleucine Diazooxonorleucine: An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; diazo compound; ketone; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | analgesic; antibacterial agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; glutamine antagonist |
phenanthridine phenanthridine : An azaarene that is the 9-aza derivative of phenanthrene. The parent of the class of phenanthridines. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; phenanthridines; polycyclic heteroarene | |
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines | |
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom. | 3.99 | 4 | 0 | acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene | genotoxin |
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution. | 3.34 | 1 | 1 | cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
thiazoles [no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
propantheline bromide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | xanthenes | |
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively. | 4.66 | 9 | 0 | phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines | bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | azane; hydrazines | EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor |
chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL). | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
benactyzine Benactyzine: A centrally acting muscarinic antagonist. Benactyzine has been used in the treatment of depression and is used in research to investigate the role of cholinergic systems on behavior. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
methylpentynol carbamate [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
mechlorethamine n-oxide [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | nitrogen mustard | |
hydralazine hydrochloride hydralazine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of hydralazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent |
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
ethamivan ethamivan: minor descriptor (65-72); major descriptor (73-86); on-line search BENZAMIDES (66-86); INDEX MEDICUS search BENZAMIDES (65-72); ETHAMIVAN (73-86). etamivan : Phenol substituted at C-2 and C-4 by a methoxy group and an N,N-diethylaminocarbonyl group respectively. A respiratory stimulant drug related to nikethamide, it has now fallen largely into disuse. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes; phenols | |
pargyline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
dexamethasone 21-phosphate dexamethasone 21-phosphate: has anti-inflammatory activity. dexamethasone phosphate : A steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of dexamethasone. | 4.01 | 5 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; fluorinated steroid; steroid phosphate; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | glucocorticoid receptor agonist |
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
testosterone enanthate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | heptanoate ester; sterol ester | androgen |
5-fluorouridine [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; uridines | mutagen |
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio. | 3.21 | 6 | 0 | mixture | bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug |
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue | antineoplastic agent |
phenyramidol phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine | |
linuron Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; phenylureas | agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
carbutamide Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277) | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | benzenes; sulfonamide | |
orphenadrine hydrochloride orphenadrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of ophenadrine and hydrogen chloride. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic |
fluocinonide Fluocinonide: A topical glucocorticoid used in the treatment of ECZEMA. | 12.9 | 18 | 4 | organic molecular entity | |
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
nandrolone decanoate Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches. | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | ergoline alkaloid | |
bucladesine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; butanamides; butyrate ester | agonist; cardiotonic drug; vasodilator agent |
4-fluorophenol 4-fluorophenol: structure given in first source. 4-fluorophenol : A fluorophenol that is phenol in which the hydrogen para- to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a fluorine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | fluorophenol; monofluorobenzenes | |
3-fluorophenol 3-fluorophenol: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; citrulline | Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724) | 15.78 | 202 | 15 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent |
benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(n,n-dimethyl-n-2-propenyl-), dibromide Benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-), Dibromide: Proposed cholinesterase inhibitor. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
perflubron perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | haloalkane; organobromine compound; perfluorinated compound | blood substitute; radioopaque medium |
fluorometholone Fluorometholone: A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluorometholone : A member of the class of glucocorticoids that is Delta(1)-progesterone substituted at positions 11beta and 17 by hydroxy groups, at position 6alpha by a methyl group and at position 9 by a fluoro group. Used for the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe. | 4.31 | 6 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug |
cyproterone acetate [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; chlorinated steroid; steroid ester | androgen antagonist; geroprotector; progestin |
lithocholic acid Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid | human metabolite |
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | |
fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monofluorobenzenes | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | 1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate | mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available] | 3.89 | 3 | 0 | cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | immunomodulator; plant metabolite |
chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols | anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite |
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties. | 4.47 | 5 | 1 | isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline | antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
dihydralazine Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phthalazines | |
reticulin Reticulin: A scleroprotein fibril consisting mostly of type III collagen. Reticulin fibrils are extremely thin, with a diameter of between 0.5 and 2 um. They are involved in maintaining the structural integrity in a variety of organs. | 2 | 1 | 0 | benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline; isoquinolinol | plant metabolite |
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines | agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin |
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid | antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist |
pamaquine pamaquine: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline | |
phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid. | 3.83 | 2 | 1 | amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid | plant metabolite |
benzohydroxamic acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
arecaidine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | citraconoyl group | |
phloroglucinol dimethyl ether phloroglucinol dimethyl ether: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes; phenols | |
caprolactone hexano-6-lactone : A epsilon-lactone that is oxepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | epsilon-lactone | |
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups. | 3.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
1,3-propanediol propane-1,3-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,3-diols, consisting of propane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, viscous, water-miscible liquid with a high (210degreeC) boiling point, it is used in the synthesis of certain polymers and as a solvent and antifreeze. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | propane-1,3-diols | metabolite; protic solvent |
mustard gas Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ethyl sulfide; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; vesicant |
heptabarbital heptabarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); HEPTABARBITONE was see HEPTABARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search HEPTABARBITAL 1976-94; intermediate or short term barbiturate used mainly for sedation and hypnosis | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative | dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator |
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside | mutagen |
medroxyprogesterone [no description available] | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5. | 3.76 | 3 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid | androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of tetryzoline. It is used as a nasal decongestant. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | nasal decongestant; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
dequalinium chloride dequalinium chloride : An organic chloride salt that is the dichloride salt of dequalinium. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiseptic drug; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor |
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
apronalide apronalide: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | N-acylurea | |
chlormethiazole Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | thiazoles | |
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is o-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dinitrophenol acaricide; hydroxytoluene; nitrotoluene | dinitrophenol insecticide; fungicide; herbicide |
phenylacetylene phenylacetylene: can polymerize into DENDRIMERS | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes | |
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | amphetamines; secondary amine | central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic |
oxophenarsine oxophenarsine: obsolete toxic arsenical for treatment of syphilis; useful against some neoplasms; major descriptor (64-83); on-line search ARSENICALS (64-83); Index Medicus search OXOPHENARSINE (64-83); structure; RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | substituted aniline | |
4-iodophenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | iodophenol | |
decamethonium dibromide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
sulfanilylurea sulfanilylurea: antimicrobial agent; structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; sulfonamide | |
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | organic chloride salt | anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye |
amitriptyline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic tricyclic compound | |
naphazoline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
doxylamine succinate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
carbamylhydrazine monohydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
metahexamide metahexamide: major descriptor (64-83); on-line search SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS (64-83); Index Medicus search METAHEXAMIDE (64-83); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; sulfonamide | |
formestane [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enol; hydroxy steroid | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor |
lactulose [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glycosylfructose | gastrointestinal drug; laxative |
debrisoquin sulfate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sulfate salt | |
betaine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
bethanechol chloride bethanechol chloride : The chloride salt of bethanechol. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; chloride salt; quaternary ammonium salt | muscarinic agonist |
3-bromophenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
3,5-dichlorophenol 3,5-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol in which the two chloro substituents are located at positions 3 and 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorophenol | |
iodobenzene iodobenzene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
megestrol acetate [no description available] | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester | antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
toyocamycin Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; nitrile; ribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite |
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary |
3-isopropylphenol 3-isopropylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
3-ethylphenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols | |
4-Ethoxyphenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; phenols | |
2-hexanol hexan-2-ol : A hexanol in which the hydroxy group is at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hexanol; secondary alcohol | human metabolite; plant metabolite; semiochemical |
hexamethylene glycol hexane-1,6-diol : A diol that is hexane substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 6. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diol; primary alcohol | |
c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
phendimetrazine phendimetrazine: minor descriptor (66-86); file maintained to MORPHOLINES (66-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search MORPHOLINES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
benzydamine Benzydamine: A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat.. benzydamine : A member of the class of indazoles carrying benzyl and 3-(dimethylamino)propyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. A locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits local anaesthetic and analgesic properties. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; indazoles; tertiary amino compound | analgesic; central nervous system stimulant; hallucinogen; local anaesthetic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
erythromycin stearate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside | |
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively. | 3.85 | 12 | 0 | cyclic ketone; erythromycin | |
4-propylphenol 4-propylphenol: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
homoserine homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; homoserine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
2-piperidone 2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | delta-lactam; piperidones | EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor |
hadacidin hadacidin: inhibitor of AMP synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hadacidin : A monocarboxylic acid that is N-hydroxyglycine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group. It was originally isolated from cultures of Penicillium frequentans. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde; monocarboxylic acid; N-hydroxy-alpha-amino-acid | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent |
carbophenothion carbophenothion: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic sulfide | |
porfiromycin Porfiromycin: Toxic antibiotic of the mitomycin group, obtained from MITOMYCIN and also from Streptomyces ardus and other species. It is proposed as an antineoplastic agent, with some antibiotic properties. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
Mecamylamine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
4-nitrophenyl acetate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; phenyl acetates | |
vinblastine [no description available] | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | ||
deoxycytidine [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
deoxyuridine [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
ethylestrenol Ethylestrenol: An anabolic steroid with some progestational activity and little androgenic effect.. ethylestrenol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is estrane containing a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and substituted by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at the 17alpha and 17beta positions, respectively. It is an anabolic steroid that has little androgenic effect and only slight progestational activity. It has been used to promote growth in boys with delayed bone growth. | 6.95 | 24 | 1 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alcohol | anabolic agent |
testolactone Testolactone: An antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and used to treat advanced breast cancer. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; seco-androstane | |
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : The hydrochloride salt of cyproheptadine. Note that the drug named cyproheptadine hydrochloride generally refers to cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
estradiol valerate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative | antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
pyrithioxin Pyrithioxin: A neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | methylpyridines | |
n-nitrosodiethanolamine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | nitroso compound | |
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH). | 3.94 | 2 | 1 | ||
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | alkali metal hydroxide | |
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | zinc molecular entity | |
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile. | 4.45 | 6 | 0 | glycopeptide | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite |
nsc 65346 sangivamycin: RN given refers to parent cpd. sangivamycin : A nucleoside analogue that is adenosine in which the nitrogen at position 7 is replaced by a carbamoyl-substituted carbon. It is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside analogue | protein kinase inhibitor |
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. | 3.51 | 2 | 0 | enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin | EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. | 4.19 | 5 | 0 | alpha-tocopherol | algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite |
pregnenolone carbonitrile Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage. | 3.66 | 10 | 0 | aliphatic nitrile | |
guanazole Guanazole: A cytostatic triazole derivative which is not to be confused with guanazolo, the generic name for 8-azaguanine.. guanazole : An aromatic amine that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at positions 3 and 5 by amino groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; triazoles | antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor |
flurandrenolone Flurandrenolone: A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733) | 3.73 | 11 | 0 | 21-hydroxy steroid | |
4-n-Butylphenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols | |
meturedepa meturedepa: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6031 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | phosphoramide | |
ioxynil ioxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. ioxynil : A nitrile that is benzonitrile substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and iodo groups at positions 3 and 5. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | iodophenol; nitrile | environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
bromoxynil bromoxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile : A dibromobenzene that is 2,6-dibromophenol substituted by a cyano group at position 4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dibromobenzene; hydroxynitrile; phenols | environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol : The 5alpha-stereoisomer of androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol | Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite |
picloram Picloram: A picolinic acid derivative that is used as a herbicide.. picloram : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a chloro group at positions 3,5 and 6, and by an amino group at position 4. It is a systemic herbicide used to control deeply rooted herbaceous weeds and woody plants in rights-of-way, forestry, range lands, pastures, and small grain crops. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine; chloropyridine; organochlorine pesticide; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid | herbicide; synthetic auxin |
ethoglucid Ethoglucid: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used especially in bladder neoplasms. It is toxic to hair follicles, gastro-intestinal tract, and vasculature. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | epoxide | |
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide | cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic |
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound | antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | azetidine-2-carboxylic acid | |
flumethasone Flumethasone: An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice. | 4.76 | 10 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug |
betamethasone valerate Betamethasone Valerate: The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.. betamethasone valerate : A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester. | 6.32 | 11 | 4 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid ester | anti-inflammatory drug |
azaribine azaribine: pyrimidine analogue; anti-metabolite used in psoriasis & mycosis fungoides;. azaribine : A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is 6-azauridine acetylated at positions 2', 3' and 5' on the sugar ring. It is a prodrug for 6-azauridine and is used for treatment of psoriasis. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine | antipsoriatic; prodrug |
5-phenylvaleric acid 5-phenylvaleric acid: from Polygonum salicifolium. 5-phenylpentanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is valeric acid substituted by a phenyl group at the delta-position. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid | |
muscarine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate: A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies. | 4.1 | 3 | 1 | corticosteroid hormone; hemisuccinate | |
thioflavin t thioflavin T cation : A benzothiazolium ion obtained by methylation of the thiazole nitrogen of 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole; the cationic component of thioflavin T. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | benzothiazolium ion | |
sulfadoxine Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; antimalarial |
1,3,5-triglycidyl-s-triazinetrione [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
antazoline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur Hexafluoride: Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.. sulfur hexafluoride : A sulfur coordination entity consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is the most potent greenhouse gas currently known, with a global warming potential of 23,900 times that of CO2 over a 100 year period (SF6 has an estimated lifetime in the atmosphere of between 800 and 3,000 years). | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | sulfur coordination entity | greenhouse gas; NMR chemical shift reference compound; ultrasound contrast agent |
acadesine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole; nucleoside analogue | antineoplastic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
acetophenazine acetophenazine: major descriptor (73-85); minor descriptor (64-72); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-72); ACETOPHENAZINE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. acetophenazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; phenothiazines | phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity | antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
doxifluridine doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
dicloxacillin Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
improsan improsan: synonyms NSC-102627, alkylating agent 864 & yoshi 864 refer to HCl; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organosulfonic ester | |
trimethylcolchicinic acid methyl ether trimethylcolchicinic acid methyl ether: RN given refers to (S)-isomer; synonyms NSC-36354 & TMCA refers to tartrate [1:1] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; alkaloid; carbotricyclic compound | |
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol | chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent |
iproclozide iproclozide: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
meclofenoxate hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
sulfamethomidine sulfamethomidine: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
streptomycin [no description available] | 3.34 | 7 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins | antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
piperacetazine piperacetazine: was MH 1975-91 (see under PHENOTHIAZINE TRANQUILIZERS 1975-90) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazines | |
2-octanol 2-octanol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. octan-2-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | octanol; secondary alcohol | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
clonidine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | |
cladribine [no description available] | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent |
beclomethasone [no description available] | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug |
pyrodifenium bromide pyrodifenium bromide: was heading 1976-94 (see under PYRROLIDINES 1976-90); PRIFINIUM BROMIDE was see PYRODIFENIUM BROMIDE 1976-94: use PYRROLIDINES to search PYRODIFENIUM BROMIDE 1976-94; quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent more specific for the gastrointestinal tract than atropine | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
carbenicillin Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
carbenicillin disodium [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
dehydroemetine dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; isoquinolines; pyridoisoquinoline | antileishmanial agent; antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug |
nifuratel Nifuratel: Local antiprotozoal and antifungal agent that may also be given orally. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
benorilate benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbonyl compound | |
trimetazidine Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide | EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer |
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
mexiletine hydrochloride mexiletine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride composed of equimolar amounts of mexiletine and hydrogen chloride. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anti-arrhythmia drug |
pentaquine pentaquine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
beclomethasone dipropionate beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; enone; glucocorticoid; propanoate ester; steroid ester | anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. | 3.78 | 2 | 1 | beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside | antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic |
betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; propanoate ester; steroid ester | antipsoriatic |
triamcinolone hexacetonide triamcinolone hexacetonide: structure | 4.7 | 2 | 1 | corticosteroid hormone | |
cyclophosphamide cyclophosphamide hydrate : The monohydrate of cyclophosphamide. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrate | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; immunosuppressive agent |
suxamethonium chloride succinylcholine chloride (anhydrous) : A chloride salt in which the negative charge of the chloride ions is balanced by succinylcholine dications. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | chloride salt | muscle relaxant |
cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of cyclobenzaprine. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antidepressant; muscle relaxant |
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound | neurotransmitter agent |
octyl 2-cyanoacrylate [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
3-deazaadenosine 3-deazaadenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
tiadenol tiadenol: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide | |
metoclopramide hydrochloride metoclopramide hydrochloride : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of metoclopramide monohydrochloride. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
isoetharine mesylate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
lanthanum [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom | |
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | elemental manganese; manganese group element atom | Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient |
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero. | 8.19 | 6 | 0 | elemental mercury; zinc group element atom | neurotoxin |
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | chromium group element atom | micronutrient |
neodymium Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
rhenium Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re. | 4.4 | 2 | 2 | manganese group element atom | |
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years. | 3.46 | 2 | 0 | manganese group element atom | |
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | titanium group element atom | |
argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent |
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
erbium Erbium: Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26. | 3.42 | 1 | 1 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts. | 9.66 | 5 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental gold | |
holmium Holmium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ho, atomic number 67, and atomic weight 164.93. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
ytterbium Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | aluminium coordination entity | Lewis acid |
zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
propionylpromazine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite |
isopentenyladenosine Isopentenyladenosine: N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators.. N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine : A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | N-ribosyl-N(6)-isopentenyladenine; nucleoside analogue | antineoplastic agent; plant growth regulator; plant metabolite |
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity | fertilizer |
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | calcium phosphate | |
silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt | astringent |
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries. | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity | bleaching agent |
cupric bromide [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
molybdate ion molybdate : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from molybdic acid | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; molybdenum oxoanion | Escherichia coli metabolite |
calcium pyrophosphate Calcium Pyrophosphate: An inorganic pyrophosphate which affects calcium metabolism in mammals. Abnormalities in its metabolism occur in some human diseases, notably HYPOPHOSPHATASIA and pseudogout (CHONDROCALCINOSIS). | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | calcium phosphate | |
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
poloxalene Poloxalene: A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.. pluronic : A triblock copolymer composed of a central hydrophobic chain of poly(propylene oxide) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide). | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | epoxide | |
hexadimethrine bromide Hexadimethrine Bromide: A synthetic polymer which agglutinates red blood cells. It is used as a heparin antagonist. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs. | 5.27 | 3 | 1 | elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer |
nsc-145,668 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
ancitabine Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | diol; organic heterotricyclic compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
amopyroquine amopyroquine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS. | 10.31 | 77 | 1 | ||
stanozolol Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | anabolic agent; androgen |
phenacid phenacid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent |
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | ammonium salt; inorganic chloride | ferroptosis inhibitor |
ethionine L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. | 4.8 | 6 | 0 | S-ethylhomocysteine | antimetabolite; carcinogenic agent |
apazone Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | benzotriazines | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; uricosuric drug |
hydrocortisone-17-butyrate cortisol 17-butyrate : Cortisol esterified with butyric acid at the 17-hydroxy group. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | butyrate ester; cortisol ester; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | dermatologic drug; drug allergen |
xipamide Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | benzamides | |
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound | geroprotector |
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole | antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator |
benserazide hydrochloride benserazide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of benserazide. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide hydrochloride has no antiparkinson actions when given alone. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor |
4-n-Pentylphenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols | |
clemastine Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpyrrolidine | anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist |
thiamphenicol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfone | antimicrobial agent; immunosuppressive agent |
pancuronium bromide pancuronium bromide : A bromide salt consisting of two bromide ions and one pancuronium dication. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | bromide salt | cholinergic antagonist; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist |
pizotyline Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzocycloheptathiophene | histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
cromolyn sodium Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid. | 3.79 | 2 | 1 | organic sodium salt | anti-asthmatic drug; drug allergen |
isosorbide-5-mononitrate isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | glucitol derivative; nitrate ester | nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
pentamethylmelamine pentamethylmelamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
gestrinone Gestrinone: A non-estrogenic contraceptive which is a weak progestin with strong anti-progesterone properties. It is effective if used once a week orally or can also be used in intravaginal devices. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | oxo steroid | |
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator |
fluorides [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic fluorine | |
calusterone calusterone: was MH 1975-92 (see under METHYLTESTOSTERONE 1975-90); use METHYLTESTOSTERONE to search CALUSTERONE 1975-92 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 3-hydroxy steroid | androgen |
danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders. | 3.42 | 7 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector |
didesethylflurazepam didesethylflurazepam: major metbolite of flurazepam; RN given refers to parent cpd. didesethylflurazepam : A primary amino compound resulting from the dealkylation of both ethyl groups of the anti-insomnia drug flurazepam. It is the major metabolite of flurazepam. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound; primary amino compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; drug metabolite; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative |
metergoline Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid | dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist |
lisuride Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS). | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; serotonergic agonist |
etoprine etoprine: do not confuse with 3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine, also called DDEP | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones | antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite |
razoxane Razoxane: An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine | |
cephapirin Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
fludarabine phosphate fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
disopyramide phosphate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organoammonium phosphate | |
alclofenac alclofenac: was heading 1975-94 (was see under PHENYLACETATES 1975-90); use PHENYLACETATES to search ALCLOFENAC 1975-94; an anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; acts also as an analgesic and an antipyretic. alclofenac : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen links an allyl group to the 4-position of (3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid.A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the UK market in 1979 due to concerns with its association with vasculitis and rash. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes | drug allergen; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
carbimazole Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; carbamate ester | antithyroid drug; prodrug |
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | indole alkaloid | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist |
ergocristine ergocristine: an ergot alkaloid; one of the three components of ergotoxine; has alpha blocking action, stimulates smooth muscles & antagonizes serotonin; used as oxytocic & in peripheral disorders; minor descriptor (77-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search EROLINES (77-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocristine : Ergotaman bearing benzyl, hydroxy, and isopropyl groups at the 5', 12' and 2' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ergot alkaloid | |
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 7.05 | 24 | 4 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
4-ethylphenol 4-ethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-ethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying an ethyl substituent at position 4. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | phenols | fungal xenobiotic metabolite |
isopentyl alcohol isopentyl alcohol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isoamylol : An primary alcohol that is butan-1-ol in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a methyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound | antifungal agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite |
paraldehyde Paraldehyde: A hypnotic and sedative with anticonvulsant effects. However, because of the hazards associated with its administration, its tendency to react with plastic, and the risks associated with its deterioration, it has largely been superseded by other agents. It is still occasionally used to control status epilepticus resistant to conventional treatment. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p608-9). paraldehyde : A trioxane that is 1,3,5-trioxane substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 4 and 6. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | trioxane | sedative |
oxyphenisatin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
azetepa [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | phosphoramide | |
tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloroethenes | nephrotoxic agent |
fludrocortisone Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity. | 6.89 | 94 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
butylated hydroxytoluene 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | phenols | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; food additive; geroprotector |
benzonidazole benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide | antiprotozoal drug |
halazepam halazepam: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
butachlor butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide | environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
rose bengal b disodium salt [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
clobetasol propionate Clobetasol Propionate: This is the form in trademark preparations.. clobetasol propionate : The 17-O-propionate ester of clobetasol. A potent corticosteroid, it is used to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid | anti-inflammatory drug |
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical |
dexchlorpheniramine dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | chlorphenamine | |
cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles | antibacterial drug |
ripazepam [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzenes | |
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group. | 3.46 | 7 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | timolol | anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
nicergoline Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; dibenzoazepine | anticonvulsant; drug allergen |
prednimustine Prednimustine: Ester of CHLORAMBUCIL and PREDNISOLONE used as a combination alkylating agent and synthetic steroid to treat various leukemias and other neoplasms. It causes gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
amygdalin [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cyanogenic glycoside; disaccharide derivative; gentiobioside | plant metabolite |
amineptin amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | amino acid; carbocyclic fatty acid; carbotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound | antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor |
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase. | 4.37 | 6 | 0 | azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
pirprofen pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | pyrroline | |
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | amino cyclitol glycoside | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin |
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL). | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent |
buspirone hydrochloride buspirone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of buspirone and hydrogen chloride. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist |
etoposide [no description available] | 3.31 | 6 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
substance p [no description available] | 6.97 | 1 | 0 | peptide | neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent |
propafenone hydrochloride propafenone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of propafenone. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anti-arrhythmia drug |
promegestone Promegestone: A synthetic progestin which is useful for the study of progestin distribution and progestin tissue receptors, as it is not bound by transcortin and binds to progesterone receptors with a higher association constant than progesterone.. promegestone : A progestin consisting of 17beta-propionylestra-4,9-dien-3-one substituted at position 17 by a methyl group. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid | antineoplastic agent; progesterone receptor agonist; progestin |
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | catecholamine; secondary amine | beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
ticarcillin Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
trimazosin trimazosin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine | |
etazolate hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
halofantrine halofantrine: used in treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenanthrenes | |
butaclamol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | amino alcohol; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | dopaminergic antagonist |
etidocaine Etidocaine: A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.. etidocaine : An amino acid amide in which 2-[ethyl(propyl)amino]butanoic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. Used as a local anaesthetic (amide caine), it has rapid onset and long action properties, similar to bupivacaine, and is given by injection during surgical procedures and during labour and delivery. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide | local anaesthetic |
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide | anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin |
carbidopa [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | catechols; hydrate; hydrazines; monocarboxylic acid | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor |
cephradine Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
hydroxymaprotilin hydroxymaprotilin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
agent orange Agent Orange: A herbicide that contains equal parts of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), as well as traces of the contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
ticrynafen Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes | antihypertensive agent; hepatotoxic agent; loop diuretic |
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring. | 3.28 | 6 | 0 | L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent |
tocainide Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide | anti-arrhythmia drug; local anaesthetic; sodium channel blocker |
bezafibrate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes | antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | ||
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension. | 3.3 | 6 | 0 | 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
nimustine Nimustine: Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms.. nimustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl] group. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
lonidamine lonidamine: structure. lonidamine : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; indazoles; monocarboxylic acid | antineoplastic agent; antispermatogenic agent; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. methylisothiazolinone : A 1,2-thazole that is 4-isothiazolin-3-one bearing a methyl group on the nitrogen atom. It is a powerful biocide and preservative and is the minor active ingredient in the commercial product Kathon(TM). | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-thiazoles | antifouling biocide; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent |
dexibuprofen dexibuprofen: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ibuprofen | non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
benoxaprofen benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-benzoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes | antipsoriatic; antipyretic; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; nephrotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; protein kinase C agonist |
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes | agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide |
pinazepam pinazepam: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
quisqualic acid Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
pirfenidone pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | 7.71 | 3 | 0 | pyridone | antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
desogestrel Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
flecainide acetate flecainide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining flecainide with one molar equivalent of acetic acid. An antiarrhythmic agent used to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetate salt | anti-arrhythmia drug |
nicardipine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dihydropyridine | geroprotector |
muzolimine Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | |
butibufen butibufen: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
sufentanil Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | anilide; ether; piperidines; thiophenes | anaesthesia adjuvant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
torsemide Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine; N-sulfonylurea; secondary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; loop diuretic |
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
spiromustine [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
desflurane Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
diaziquone diaziquone: RN given refers to parent cpd. diaziquone : A 1,4-benzoquinone that is substituted at positions 2 and 5 have been replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups and at positions 3 and 6 by (ethoxycarbonyl)amino groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; aziridines; carbamate ester; enamine | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative | |
propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages. | 4.42 | 8 | 0 | conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles | antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
cefonicid Cefonicid: A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.. cefonicid : A cephalosporin bearing {[1-(sulfomethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group. | 3.86 | 3 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo. | 7.97 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines | antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
triciribine phosphate [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. | 4.26 | 5 | 0 | alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
progabide progabide: GABA agonist; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
staurosporine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | indolocarbazole alkaloid; organic heterooctacyclic compound | apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; geroprotector |
terazosin hydrochloride anhydrous [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
foscarnet sodium trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt | antiviral drug |
5,5-diphenylbarbituric acid 5,5-diphenylbarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
moxalactam Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; oxacephem | antibacterial drug |
nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide | potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent |
bw-755c 4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine: A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
pergolide mesylate pergolide mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained from pergolide by mixing eqimolar amount of pergolide and methanesulfonic acid. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; geroprotector |
ranitidine hydrochloride label : A role played by a part of a molecular entity distinguishable by the observer but not by the system and used to identify a tracer. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol | adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist |
cefadroxil anhydrous Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
encainide Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; piperidines | anti-arrhythmia drug; sodium channel blocker |
nedocromil Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS. | 9.36 | 2 | 2 | dicarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines | central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug |
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols | agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide |
miglustat miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary amino compound | anti-HIV agent; EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor |
alo 2145 apraclonidine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of apraclonidine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antiglaucoma drug |
cefotetan Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | ||
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring) | anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug |
enoximone Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
piritrexim piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | ||
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug. | 4.07 | 4 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic) | EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug |
remoxipride Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | dimethoxybenzene | |
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic) | anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic |
caracemide [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
bambuterol bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | carbamate ester; phenylethanolamines | anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent |
atomoxetine hydrochloride Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant |
atomoxetine atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; secondary amino compound; toluenes | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
alpidem [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles | |
raloxifene hydrochloride Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
gepirone gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine | |
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME. | 3.61 | 9 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound | abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive |
quinpirole hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
imazodan imazodan: RN & structure given in first source; | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
sarafloxacin sarafloxacin: RN & structure given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
cilazapril, anhydrous Cilazapril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors) used for hypertension. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat.. cilazapril : A pyridazinodiazepine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cilazaprilat with ethanol. It is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; pyridazinodiazepine | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
salmeterol xinafoate Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. | 6.36 | 4 | 1 | naphthoic acid | |
finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam | androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor |
imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis. | 3.58 | 2 | 0 | imidazoquinoline | antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer |
esmolol methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; ethanolamines; methyl ester; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
adefovir adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; ether; phosphonic acids | antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent |
sparfloxacin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | |
zileuton [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | 1-benzothiophenes; ureas | anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine | anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phosphonic acids; pyrimidone | anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent |
mibefradil dihydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
mibefradil Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | tetralins | T-type calcium channel blocker |
bromfenac bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amino acid; benzophenones; organobromine compound; substituted aniline | non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
atorvastatin [no description available] | 9.14 | 3 | 1 | aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic) | environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
lamivudine [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol | allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug |
duloxetine hydrochloride Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | duloxetine hydrochloride | antidepressant |
duloxetine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | duloxetine | |
irinotecan [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug |
aptiganel hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
ibandronic acid Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
adefovir dipivoxil bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; carbonate ester; ether; organic phosphonate | antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent; prodrug |
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
phenelzine sulfate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-benzoquinone 2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-benzoquinone: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones | |
1-n-butylimidazole [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
sodium molybdate(vi) sodium molybdate(VI): RN given refers to molybdic acid, di-Na salt. sodium molybdate (anhydrous) : An inorganic sodium salt having molybdate as the counterion. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | poison |
morzid morzid: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | morpholines | |
caloreen caloreen: glucose polymer with average length of five glucose units for dietary energy supplement. dextrin : Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
fluoxetine hydrochloride fluoxetine hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride; N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine | |
propranolol hydrochloride Inderex: combination of above cpds; used in treatment of hypertension | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
bupropion hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
halofuginone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | quinazolines | |
diltiazem hydrochloride Carex: fluoride (1.8%) containing varnish; no further information available 8/91. diltiazem hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of diltiazem and hydrogen chloride. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | hydrochloride | adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
ortho-cept ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
trovafloxacin trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
beclomethasone 17-monopropionate beclomethasone 17-monopropionate: ester of beclomethasone | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
verapamil hydrochloride verapamil hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil hydrochloride and (S)-verapamil hydrochloride. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
cefprozil [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
doxazosin mesylate Cardura: Trade name in United States. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | geroprotector |
terfenadine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
dexamethasone 17-valerate dexamethasone 17-valerate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 21-hydroxy steroid | |
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
febrifugine febrifugine: antimalarials; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | quinazolines | |
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor |
amantadine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antiviral agent; dopamine agonist; NMDA receptor antagonist |
doxapram hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | central nervous system stimulant |
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | D-glucopyranose | epitope; mouse metabolite |
mevastatin mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 2-pyranones; carboxylic ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring) | antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; Penicillium metabolite |
chloroquine diphosphate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
ursolic acid [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | geroprotector; plant metabolite |
propamidine propamidine: structure given in first source. propamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of propane-1,3-diol. Used (as its isethionate salt) for the treatment of minor eye or eyelid infections, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; guanidines; polyether | antimicrobial agent; antiseptic drug |
1,5-anhydroglucitol 1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | anhydro sugar | human metabolite |
3-methylhistidine 3-methylhistidine: marker for myofibrillar-protein breakdown; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 3-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-3.. N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine substituted by a methyl group at position 3 on the imidazole ring. | 2 | 1 | 0 | L-histidine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; zwitterion | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
betulinic acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite |
amprenavir [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester | antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
thymine arabinoside thymine arabinoside: selectively inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | N-glycosyl compound | |
psicofuranine [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | psicose derivative; purine nucleoside | |
metaperiodate Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | iodine oxoacid | |
dobutamine hydrochloride dobutamine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dobutamine. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
desipramine hydrochloride desipramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of desipramine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | drug allergen |
dopamine hydrochloride P 498: structure in first source; do not confuse with dopamine chloride, also known as P 498 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | catecholamine | |
proadifen hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glutathione derivative; organic disulfide | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
triciribine [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside analogue | EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor |
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
betamethasone sodium phosphate betamethasone sodium phosphate: phosphate ester of betamethasone; RN given refers to the di-Na salt (11beta,16beta)-isomer; structure in Negwer,5th ed, 4975. betamethasone sodium phosphate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of betamethasone phosphate. | 5.26 | 6 | 0 | organic sodium salt; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
sinefungin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent |
iopamidol Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position. | 6.12 | 3 | 2 | benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound; pentol | environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic |
5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | cephalosporin | fungal metabolite |
bendamustine [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzimidazoles | |
erdosteine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
droxicam droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic heterotricyclic compound; pyridines | cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prodrug |
trofosfamide trofosfamide: cyclophosphamide analog; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ifosfamides | |
metrifudil [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
rutecarpine rutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsules | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | beta-carbolines | |
4-aminobenzoic acid-n-xyloside 4-aminobenzoic acid-N-xyloside: K 247 refers to Na salt; RN given refers to (D)-isomer | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
etofibrate etofibrate: analog of clofibrate with nicotinic acid substituted on the 2-carbon of the ethyl ester group; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | |
fotrin fotrin: ethyleneamine derivative; antineoplastic; Russian drug; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
sufosfamide sufosfamide: stronger immunosuppressive activity than cyclophosphamide; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
mizolastine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles | |
intoplicine intoplicine: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridoindole | |
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aralkylamine | |
thioridazine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | first generation antipsychotic; geroprotector |
procainamide hydrochloride procainamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride which has procainamide as the amino component. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anti-arrhythmia drug |
siquil [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anticoronaviral agent |
sotalol hydrochloride sotalol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is the monohydrochloride of sotalol. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
oxymetazoline hydrochloride oxymetazoline hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar quantities of oxymetazoline and hydrogen chloride. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used to relieve nasal congestion. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | alpha-adrenergic agonist; nasal decongestant; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
propatyl nitrate propatyl nitrate: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | nitrate ester | |
dexfenfluramine Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | fenfluramine | appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
alprenolol hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid | angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
sulfamidochrysoidine sulfamidochrysoidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. prontosil : A diphenyldiazene compound having two amino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and an aminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. It was the first antibacterial drug, (introduced 1935) and the first of the sulfonamide antibiotics. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
synthalin a synthalin A: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. synthalin : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of decamethylenediguanidine with 2 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride.. synthalin A : A member of the class of guanidines that is decane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 10-positions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | guanidines | hepatotoxic agent; hypoglycemic agent; nephrotoxin |
phenoxazine phenoxazine: RN given refers to 10H-phenoxazine. 10H-phenoxazine : A member of the class of phenoxazines that is morpholine which is ortho-fused to two benzene rings at positions 2-3 and 5-6. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenoxazine | ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger |
fluphenazine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazines | anticoronaviral agent |
cresatin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; phenols | |
tryptamine monohydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | anthocyanidin chloride | |
clomipramine hydrochloride clomipramine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of clomipramine and hydrogen chloride. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug |
amiloride hydrochloride amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate : A hydrate that is the dihydrate of amiloride hydrochloride. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrate | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
prazosin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
mianserin hydrochloride mianserin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of mianserin, a tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | geroprotector |
ibopamine ibopamine: structure given in UD 31;67a & in 2nd source | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzoate ester; phenols | |
medetomidine Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles | |
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162) | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | 2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose | |
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins | antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
lomefloxacin hydrochloride lomefloxacin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of lomefloxacin. It is administered by mouth to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used topically as eye drops for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, and as ear drops for the treatment of otitis externa and otitis media. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent |
fenspiride hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
nilverm [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
sanguinarine chloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
picosulfate sodium picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfate; pyridines | |
pumitepa pumitepa: structure; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
ropinirole hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles | bone density conservation agent |
pirlindole pirlindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym pyrazidol refers to mono-HCl; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2812 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbazoles | |
elmustine elmustine: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
plasmenylserine plasmenylserine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. O-phospho-L-serine : The L-enantiomer of O-phosphoserine.. O-phosphoserine : A serine derivative that is serine substituted at the oxygen atom by a phosphono group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | O-phosphoserine | EC 1.4.7.1 [glutamate synthase (ferredoxin)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.49 (O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
dienogest [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; aliphatic nitrile; steroid hormone | progesterone receptor agonist; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
forphenicinol [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
artemether Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; organic peroxide; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid | antimalarial |
3-propylphenol 3-propylphenol: insect bait; RN from File CHEMID | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
5-aminovaleric acid hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
morphazinamide morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | morpholines; pyrazines; secondary carboxamide | |
n-acetyltryptamine N-acetyltryptamine: antagonizes the melatonin-induced inhibition of dopamine release from retina; RN given refers to parent cpd. N-acetyltryptamine : A tryptamine compound having an acetyl substituent attached to the side-chain amino function. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; indoles | |
D-serine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | D-alpha-amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist |
dipropylacetamide dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | fatty amide | geroprotector; metabolite; teratogenic agent |
dihydroergotamine mesylate dihydroergotamine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergotamine, a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine. Both the mesylate and the tartrate salts are used for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent |
6-amino-1-hydroxyhexane-1,1-diphosphonate 6-amino-1-hydroxyhexane-1,1-diphosphonate: used for therapy of Paget's disease of bone & malignant hypercalcaemia | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) | |
ranolazine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
uk 68798 [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; potassium channel blocker |
dexrazoxane Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | razoxane | antineoplastic agent; cardiovascular drug; chelator; immunosuppressive agent |
clobetasone butyrate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
loxapine succinate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | succinate salt | geroprotector |
guanfacine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetamides | geroprotector |
pirenzepine dihydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
labetalol hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | salicylamides | |
acecainide hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
loperamide hydrochloride loperamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining loperamide with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist |
maprotiline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | anthracenes | |
protoporphyrin ix, disodium salt [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug | P450 inhibitor |
inproquone inproquone: major descriptor (78-80); replaced major descriptor Bayer E39 (63-77); on-line search AZIRINES (66-80); Index Medicus search Bayer E39 (63-77), INPROQUONE (78-80) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
rexigen clobenzorex: RN given refers to (+)-isomer; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
bufuralol bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzofurans | |
aceclofenac [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; carboxylic ester; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound | EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
clociguanil clociguanil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
tebuquine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
cyclobutyrol cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | bile therapy drug |
prednisolone phosphate prednisolone phosphate: RN given refers to (11 beta)-isomer. prednisolone phosphate : A synthetic glucocorticoid resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group of prednisolone with one of the hydroxy groups of phosphoric acid. It is a prodrug for prednisolone that is activated in vivo by phosphatases. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; glucocorticoid; steroid phosphate; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; glucocorticoid receptor agonist; prodrug |
terlipressin terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | polypeptide | |
siguazodan [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pyridazinone | |
3-octadecanamido-2-ethoxypropylphosphocholine 3-octadecanamido-2-ethoxypropylphosphocholine: anti-HIV agent; RN & structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
isoflavone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isoflavones | |
chelerythrine chloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
clevudine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
neplanocin a neplanocin A: neplanocins are antitumor antibiotics & carbocyclic analogs of purine nucleosides from Ampullarilla regularis A11079; see also neplanocin B, neplanocin C, neplanocin D & neplanocin F; structure in first source; a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines | |
tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
5-(n-methyl-n-isobutyl)amiloride 5-(N-methyl-N-isobutyl)amiloride: inhibitor of the Na+-H+ antiporter | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from anileridine and two molar equivalents of hydrogen chloride. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor |
amperozide hydrochloride amperozide hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of amperozide. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anxiolytic drug; dopamine uptake inhibitor; geroprotector; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
agroclavine agroclavine: structure. agroclavine : An ergot alkaloid that is ergoline which contains a double bond between positions 8 and 9, and which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 6 and 8. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ergot alkaloid | |
atovaquone Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone | |
s-methylisothiourea sulfate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
p-Aminobenzamidine dihydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
octadecyl palmitate octadecyl palmitate: found in psoriatic nail, but not in normal nails. stearyl palmitate : A palmitate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of stearyl alcohol. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | hexadecanoate ester; wax ester | coral metabolite; cosmetic |
cyclobutanol cyclobutanol: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
1-ethoxysilatrane [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
1-benzylimidazole 1-benzylimidazole: inhibits human thromboxane synthetase | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
eletriptan eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | indoles; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfone | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent |
rosiglitazone [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones | EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug |
benzamidine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
cryptolepine cryptolepine: fused indole-quinoline; structure in first source; from CRYPTOLEPIS sanguinolenta. cryptolepine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-indolo[3,2-b]quinoline in which the hydrogen at position N-5 is replaced by a methyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; plant metabolite |
bexarotene [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; naphthalenes; retinoid | antineoplastic agent |
flunisolide flunisolide: flunisolide HFA is a formulation of flunisolide using hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) as propellant in place of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ones | 7.43 | 8 | 1 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent |
ketorolac tromethamine Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organoammonium salt | analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor |
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic |
coenzyme a [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate | coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
methionine sulfoximine L-methionine sulfoximine : A methionine sulfoximine in which the amino group has S-stereochemistry. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-methionine derivative; methionine sulfoximine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
tretazicar tretazicar: minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search AZIRIDINES (75-84) | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
hydroxymethylmethacrylate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
nsc-172755 butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
carbetapentane citrate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carbonyl compound | |
cinchonine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | (8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol; cinchona alkaloid | metabolite |
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | iditol | fungal metabolite |
phentolamine mesylate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
nisone Nisone: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
streptovitacin a streptovitacin A: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
mephentermine sphinganine : A 2-aminooctadecane-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminooctadecane-1,3-diol | EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
fluocinolone [no description available] | 5.2 | 9 | 0 | fluorinated steroid | |
oxybutynin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid | fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite |
gliquidone gliquidone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
acetylsalicylic acid lysinate acetylsalicylic acid lysinate: RN given refers to (L)-lysine, unspecified salicylate salt | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | ||
nimustine nimustine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining nimustine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antineoplastic agent |
diflucortolone valerate diflucortolone valerate: Rn given refers to (6alpha,11beta,16alpha)-isomer | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
triflumizol triflumizol: structure given in first source. triflumizole : A carboxamidine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 4-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)aniline with the oxygen of the acetyl group of N-(propoxyacetyl)imidazole. A sterol demethylation inhibitor, it is used as a fungicide for the control of powdery mildew, scab and other diseases on a variety of crops. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
cordium bepridil hydrochloride monohydrate : The hydrochloride monohydrate of bepridril. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrate; hydrochloride | |
L-2-aminoadipic acid L-2-aminoadipic acid : The L-enantiomer of 2-aminoadipic acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminoadipic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
prilocaine hydrochloride prilocaine hydrochloride : The monohydrochloride salt of prilocaine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | local anaesthetic |
n-hexadecyl-n,n-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
levobupivacaine Levobupivacaine: S-enantiomer of bupivacaine that is used as a local anesthetic and for regional nerve blocks, including EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA.. levobupivacaine : The (S)-(-)-enantiomer of bupivacaine. | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide | adrenergic antagonist; amphiphile; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; local anaesthetic |
cb 10375 trimelamol: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
mor-14 N-methyldeoxynojirimycin: glucosidase inhibitor | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydroxypiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary amino compound | anti-HIV agent; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
lopinavir [no description available] | 7.75 | 3 | 0 | amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide | anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
brexanolone brexanolone: a mixture of allopregnanolone and sulfobutylether‐beta‐cyclodextrin for treatment of postpartum depression. brexanolone : A 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has alpha-configuration. It is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone and used for the treatment of postpartum depression in women. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one | antidepressant; GABA modulator; human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative |
prednisolone tebutate prednisolone tebutate: structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #5613 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
carbenicillin indanyl carbenicillin indanyl: acid stable indanyl ester of carbenicillin for oral use; same side-effects as carbenicillin; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search CARBENICILLIN/AA (75-86); RN given refers to (mono-Na salt(2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | penicillin | |
phenylisopropyladenosine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; benzenes; hydrocarbyladenosine; purine nucleoside; secondary amino compound | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent |
hexamethonium chloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
cortisol octanoate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form. | 3.56 | 1 | 1 | D-glucuronic acid | algal metabolite |
cb 1837 CB 1837: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
methyl methanethiosulfinate methyl methanethiosulfinate: structure in first source; a metabolite of S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | sulfur oxoacid derivative | |
desethylchloroquine desethylchloroquine: metabolite of chloroquine | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline | |
4-n-butylaminobenzoic acid 4-n-butylaminobenzoic acid: degradation product of tetracaine. 4-(butylamino)benzoic acid : 4-Aminobenzoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a butyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amino acid | |
6-(4-nitrobenzylthio)guanosine 6-(4-nitrobenzylthio)guanosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
hexaphosphamide hexaphosphamide: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
dipin dipin: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
phosphazine phosphazine: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
3-aminopropylphosphonic acid 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. (3-aminopropyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus of phosphonic acid is substituted by a 3-aminopropyl group. It is a partial agonist of GABAB receptors. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | phosphonic acids; primary amino compound; zwitterion | GABAB receptor agonist |
5'-n-methylcarboxamideadenosine 5'-N-methylcarboxamideadenosine: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
diiodobenzotepa diiodobenzotepa: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine: potent & selective in vivo antagonist of adenosine analogs | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
zpck ZPCK: alkylates histidine residue at active center of bovine chymotrypsin | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
icig 1163 ICIG 1163: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
wr 159412 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
bimolane bimolane: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
thiodipin thiodipin: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
n(6)-phenyladenosine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
fluoxydine fluoxydine: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
cinchonidine cinchonidine: has antimalarial activity; diastereoisomer of cinchonine with distinct physiochemical properties; RN given refers to parent cpd(8alpha,9R)-isomer. cinchonidine : 8-epi-Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (R configuration). A diasteroisomer of cinchonine, it occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | (8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol; cinchona alkaloid | metabolite |
tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 21-hydroxy steroid | |
imiphos imiphos: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
pregnanetriol Pregnanetriol: A metabolite of 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE, normally produced in small quantities by the GONADS and the ADRENAL GLANDS, found in URINE. An elevated urinary pregnanetriol is associated with CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA with a deficiency of STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE. | 3.04 | 5 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
n-methyladenosine N-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation. N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | methyladenosine | |
benzyloxyamine benzyloxyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl group at C-1 and C-2 is stearoyl. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | phosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion; phosphatidylethanolamine | human metabolite |
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | cobalt group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group. | 3.95 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; secondary amino compound | metabolite |
yttrium radioisotopes Yttrium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes. | 4.39 | 2 | 2 | ||
mizoribine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles | anticoronaviral agent |
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane 1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
u 73122 1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; aza-steroid; maleimides | EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor |
alphaxalone alphaxalone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer; structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
sr141716 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles | anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist |
s-nitrosoglutathione [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | glutathione derivative; nitrosothio compound | bronchodilator agent; nitric oxide donor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; signalling molecule |
bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist |
cp-55,940 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
vanoxerine vanoxerine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of vanoxerine with two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | dopamine uptake inhibitor |
methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | beta-carbolines | |
selenomethionine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; selenomethionine | plant metabolite |
u 69593 U 69593: selective ligand for opioid K-receptor. U69593 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid and the secodary amino group of (5R,7S,8S)-N-methyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-amine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine; organic heterobicyclic compound; oxaspiro compound | anti-inflammatory agent; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist |
cv 3988 CV 3988: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | beta-carbolines | |
aldophosphamide aldophosphamide: metabolite of cyclophosphamide | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | nitrogen mustard | |
methoctramine methoctramine: structure given in first source. methoctramine : A tetramine that is N,N'-bis(6-aminohexyl)octane-1,8-diamine where the primary amino groups both carry 2-methoxybenzyl substituents.. methoctramine tetrahydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining methoctramine with four molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | muscarinic antagonist |
pyronaridine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline | |
perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
hypotaurine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aminosulfinic acid; zwitterion | human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
dihydrokainate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid | |
gabazine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
cl 218872 CL 218872: shows specific action on benzodiazepine receptors; structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pyridazines; ring assembly | |
betaxolol hydrochloride betaxolol hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of betaxolol. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
catechin (+)-catechin monohydrate : The monohydrate of (+)-catechin. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrate | geroprotector |
1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-(2-phthalimido)butyl)piperazine NAN 190 hydrobromide : A hydrobromide obtained by reaction of NAN 190 with one equivalent of hydrobromic acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrobromide | serotonergic antagonist |
s-methylthiocitrulline S-methylthiocitrulline: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; structure in first source. S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline : An L-arginine derivative in which the guanidino NH2 group of L-arginine is replaced by a methylsufanyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | imidothiocarbamic ester; L-arginine derivative; L-ornithine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
fingolimod hydrochloride Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.. fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod). | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist |
fingolimod fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminodiol; primary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; CB1 receptor antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist |
dihydrocapsaicin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | capsaicinoid | |
ml 9 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
parthenolide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | germacranolide | |
ecteinascidin 743 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; azaspiro compound; bridged compound; hemiaminal; isoquinoline alkaloid; lactone; organic heteropolycyclic compound; organic sulfide; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; tertiary amino compound | alkylating agent; angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite |
anecortave acetate anecortave acetate: derived from cortisone (11 OH replaced by 9-11 double bond) | 3.82 | 3 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
3,6-bis(5-chloro-2-piperidyl)-2,5-piperazinedione 3,6-bis(5-chloro-2-piperidyl)-2,5-piperazinedione: isolated from Streptomyces griseoluteus fermentation broth; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
3',4'-dichlorobenzamil 3',4'-dichlorobenzamil: inhibits Na-Ca exchange in membrane vesicle & papillary muscle preparations from guinea pig heart | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | guanidines; pyrazines | |
valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters. | 3.33 | 1 | 1 | short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion | plant metabolite |
oxymatrine oxysophoridine: an alkaloid isolated from Sophra alope; structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid; tertiary amine oxide | |
thromboxanes thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane 1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane: structure given in first source; alkylthio acetic acid, non-beta-oxidizable | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | straight-chain fatty acid | |
dihydro-dids [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
2-iodomelatonin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetamides | |
nitisinone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; cyclohexanones; mesotrione | EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor |
tafenoquine tafenoquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tafenoquine.. N(4)-{2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinolin-8-yl}pentane-1,4-diamine : An aminoquinoline that is 8-aminoquinoline which is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 6, a methyl group at position 4, and a m-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5, and in which the amino substituent at position 8 is itself substituted by a 5-aminopentan-2-yl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; primary amino compound; secondary amino compound | |
arcaine, sulfate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
marimastat marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor |
clofarabine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
gr 113808 GR 113808: structure given in first source; a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist: GR 125487 is the HCl salt. GR 113808 : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 1-methylindole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of N-{2-[4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}methanesulfonamide. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indolyl carboxylate ester; piperidines; sulfonamide | serotonergic antagonist |
1,1,2-trichloroethanol 1,1,2-trichloroethanol: metabolite of 1,1,2-trichloroethylene | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
gallopamil hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
gamma-glutamylaminomethylsulfonic acid [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
buthionine sulfoximine L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine : A 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid which has S-configuration. It is a inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and is capable of enhancing the apoptotic effects of several chemotherapeutic agents. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid | EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer |
sb 204070a SB 204070A: structure given in first source; a selective 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
mitiglinide mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid | |
1-(2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine LY 165163: structure given in first source; a serotonin agonist. LY-165163 : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl and 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups at positions 1 and 4, respectively. It is a selective 5-HT1A serotonin receptor agonist and 5-HT1D serotonin receptor antagonist. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; primary arylamine; substituted aniline | geroprotector; serotonergic agonist |
betamethasone acetate phosphate betamethasone acetate phosphate: RN given refers to parent mixt. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
desethylamodiaquine desethylamodiaquine: metabolite of amodiaquine | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
l 655240 L 655240: thromboxane and prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given is for parent cpd | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | methylindole | |
chapso chapso: RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta,7alpha,12alpha)-isomer | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
san 58035 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
saccharolactone saccharolactone: used as index for assessing induction of hepatic enzymes by anticonvulsants; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. D-glucaro-1,4-lactone : A delta-lactone that is D-glucono-1,4-lactone in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been oxidised to the corresponding carboxylic acid. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | aldarolactone; delta-lactone | |
n,n-dideethylchloroquine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
1-adamantaneacetic acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
mk 0663 [no description available] | 3.5 | 1 | 1 | bipyridines; organochlorine compound; sulfone | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
gefitinib [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist |
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organoiodine compound | adenosine A3 receptor agonist |
nnc 711 NNC 711: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-n,n-diethylbenzamide 4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide: a highly-selective, nonpeptide delta opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
e 64 E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-) | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoamide; epoxy monocarboxylic acid; guanidines; L-leucine derivative; zwitterion | antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; protease inhibitor |
ru 26988 [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: activates neuronal metabotropic receptors; RN given refers to (trans-isomer); RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 10/93 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
diprofos [no description available] | 3.35 | 1 | 1 | ||
pre 084 2-(4-morpholino)ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | morpholines | |
iremycin iremycin: anthracycline antibiotic from Streptomyces violaceus subsp. iremyceticus; RN given refers to parent cpd(7R-trans)-isomer | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
methotrexate [no description available] | 12.11 | 54 | 5 | dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines | abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent |
3,6-diamino-9-(4-(methylsulfonyl)aminophenyl)aminoacridine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-((8-bromoacetylamino-4-menthane-1-yl)amino)-1-propanol 1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-((8-bromoacetylamino-4-menthane-1-yl)amino)-1-propanol: irreversibly inactivates the dihydroalprenolol binding site; alprenolol analog; isopropylamino group of alprenolol replaced by 8-bromoacetylamino-1-amino-p-menthane moiety in the 1 position; structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
9-fluoroprednisolone 9-fluoroprednisolone: 9 alpha-isomer is Fluprednisolone (MH) | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 21-hydroxy steroid | |
n,n'-bis((2-chloroethyl)nitrosocarbamoyl)cystamine N,N'-bis((2-chloroethyl)nitrosocarbamoyl)cystamine: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
hainanensine hainanensine: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
l 656224 L 656224: structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
sr 2640 SR 2640: leukotriene D4 and E4 antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
ne 58051 NE 58051: inhibits tumor cell adhesion to extracellular matrices; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
tamsulosin [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | 5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antineoplastic agent |
ici 204448 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
antiprimod azaspirane: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
sulbactam [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | penicillanic acids | |
olmesartan medoxomil Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls | |
4-amino-1-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)piperidine hydrochloride 4-amino-1-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)piperidine hydrochloride: has high affinity and selectivity for 5-HT3 receptors; structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
n,n-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide N,N-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide: binds with high affinity to glial mitochondrial diazepam binding inhibitor receptors & increases mitochondrial steroidogenesis | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | phenylindole | |
ilomastat CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxamic acid; L-tryptophan derivative; N-acyl-amino acid | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl n-acetyltryptophan 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl N-acetyltryptophan: structure given in first source; substance P and neurokinin receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-((4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl)oxy)propyl)-1-propylxanthine 8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-((4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl)oxy)propyl)-1-propylxanthine: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
l 741626 3-(4-(4-chlorophenyl-4-hydroxypiperidino)methyl)indole: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | |
wr 242511 WR 242511: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
nisoxetine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | D-xylose | |
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor |
tilarginine acetate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
alpha-guanidinoglutaric acid alpha-guanidinoglutaric acid: identified in the convulsive period of cobalt-induced seizures from cat cerebral cortex; RN given for cpd with unspecified guanidino-locant | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | L-glutamic acid derivative | |
3,4-dichloro-n-methyl-n-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-(+-)-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
ritrosulfan ritrosulfan: RN given refers to parent cpd(R*,S*)-isomer; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
imidazole-4-acetic acid hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. | 3.56 | 9 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate: may also contain chlorocresol (UD 25:22R) | 4.07 | 3 | 1 | ||
docetaxel [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrate; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antineoplastic agent |
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent |
atazanavir atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrazide | antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
nsc-141549 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor |
ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound | anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite |
cariporide cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
tezosentan tezosentan: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
2-chloro-2-deoxyglucose [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
damvar damvar: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents. | 3.41 | 6 | 0 | aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antibacterial drug |
jtt 501 JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
hyoscyamine Hyoscyamine: The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.. (S)-atropine : An atropine with a 2S-configuration. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | tropane alkaloid | |
idazoxan hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
isoguvacine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine 8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine: inhibitor of phosphodiesterase I | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | |
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. | 7.6 | 12 | 3 | methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
olmesartan olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | biphenylyltetrazole | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent |
cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | 2,6-diaminopurines | antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor |
Serotonin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | tryptamines | |
n-phthaloylglutamic acid N-phthaloyl-L-glutamic acid : A glutamic acid derivative that is L-glutamic acid in which the two hydrogens on the amino group are substituted by a phthaloyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | L-glutamic acid derivative; phthalimides | |
benzo-tepa benzo-tepa: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
tevenel tevenel: sulfamoyl analog of D-threo-chloramphenicol; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide | |
1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine 1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
ag 3-5 icilin: a cooling compound that activates TRPM8 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound | |
tac 278 TAC 278: prodrug of 5-fluorouracil; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic | anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug |
avasimibe [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
technetium tc 99m pentetate Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
n-n-propylnorapomorphine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | |
urapidil monohydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
aminopterin Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic. | 4.91 | 12 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid | EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; mutagen |
azepexole, dihydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biotins; vitamin B7 | coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
methyl 20-dihydroprednisolonate [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
(4r)-3-((2s)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-4- thiazolidinecarboxylic acid [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II | human metabolite |
abt 980 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
sk&f 75670 SK&F 75670: RN refers to HBr; N-methyl derivative of SK&F 38393 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3. | 3.77 | 11 | 0 | ||
esatenolol esatenolol : The (S)-enantiomer of atenolol. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | atenolol | beta-adrenergic antagonist |
ropivacaine Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond. | 6.47 | 9 | 1 | piperidinecarboxamide; ropivacaine | local anaesthetic |
nbi 27914 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound | |
sb 216763 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indoles; maleimides | |
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion | |
(R)-atenolol (R)-atenolol : The (R)-enantiomer of atenolol. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | atenolol | |
memantine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist |
pefabloc [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
pongidae [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
deflazacort deflazacort: structure | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
hexestrol diphosphate [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
carbocysteine Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | L-cysteine thioether; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | mucolytic |
succinylproline [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
sb 205384 SB 205384: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | thienopyridine | |
hydrastine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | metabolite |
gabaculine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
olpadronic acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
etiron monohydrobromide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
troleandomycin Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | acetate ester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyketide; semisynthetic derivative | EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic |
bmy 7378 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
vesamicol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
darunavir Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors. | 7.08 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; furofuran; sulfonamide | antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
deferasirox Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles | iron chelator |
tbc-11251 sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles | |
demecolcine Demecolcine: An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.. (-)-demecolcine : A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid; secondary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent |
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol | anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor |
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human blood serum metabolite |
cortisone [no description available] | 9.46 | 160 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
fludrocortisone acetate fludrocortisone acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the primary hydroxy group of fludrocortisone with acetic acid. A synthetic corticosteroid, it has glucocorticoid actions about 10 times as potent as hydrocortisone, while its mineralocorticoid actions are over 100 times as potent. It is used in partial replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency in Addison's disease and for the treatment of salt-losing adrenal hyperplasia. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
epinastine dexamethasone acetate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
medrysone [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
vincristine sulfate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sulfate salt | antineoplastic agent; geroprotector |
mibolerone mibolerone: prevents estrus in animals & prevents experimental lymphoid leukosis; minor descriptor (80-83); on-line & Index Medicus search NANDROLONE/AA (80-83); RN given refers to (7alpha,17beta)-isomer; structure. mibolerone : An androgen that is nalandrone carrying two methyl substituents at positions 7alpha and 17. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid | anabolic agent; androgen |
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
benzarone benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzofurans | |
hydroxydione 5beta-dihydrodeoxycorticosterone : A 3-oxo-5beta-steroid formed from 11-deoxycorticosterone by reduction across the C4-C5 double bond. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-5beta-steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human xenobiotic metabolite |
nsc-89199 estramustine phosphate : A steroid phosphate which is the 17-O-phospho derivative of estramustine. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; steroid phosphate | |
estramustine Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; carbamate ester; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; radiation protective agent |
lupeol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol | anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite |
n-methylserotonin oxalate salt [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
metribolone Metribolone: A synthetic non-aromatizable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.. 17beta-hydroxy-17-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one : A synthetic non-aromatisable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid | androgen |
nsc 95397 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-naphthoquinones | |
phenethicillin phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | |
noscapine Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; cyclic acetal; isobenzofuranone; organic heterobicyclic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; antitussive; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite |
indicine-n-oxide indicine-N-oxide: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,7(2R*,3S*),7abeta))-isomer; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
homoharringtonine Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid ester; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; protein synthesis inhibitor |
wortmannin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent |
menthofuran menthofuran: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; derives from cyclization of pulegone. menthofuran : A monoterpenoid that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 6. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; monoterpenoid | nematicide; plant metabolite |
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | ||
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid; spiro-epoxide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor; retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist |
bortezomib [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines | antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor |
neocryptolepine neocryptolepine: isolated from the roots of the African plant Cryptolepis sanguinolenta; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver. | 3.96 | 12 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas | antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic |
1-hydroxypentane-1,1-bisphosphonate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
cimadronate cimadronate: increases serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in rats via stimulating renal 1-hydroxylase activity; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
1,1-hydroxyoctanodiphosphonate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
nexavar [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organosulfonate salt | |
povidone-iodine Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | inorganic chloride; lithium salt | antimanic drug; geroprotector |
s-adenosylhomocysteine S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide | cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite |
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues. | 4.55 | 8 | 0 | ||
mannose-6-phosphate beta-D-mannose 6-phosphate : A D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate | |
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | peptide | |
bradykinin [no description available] | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | oligopeptide | human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent |
canavanine L-canavanine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group. Although structurally related to L-arginine, it is non-proteinogenic. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite |
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | D-glucosamine | Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite |
elastin [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
5-hydroxytryptophan hydroxytryptophan : A hydroxy-amino acid that is tryptophan substituted by at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position.. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan : The L-enantiomer of 5-hydroxytryptophan. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 5-hydroxytryptophan; amino acid zwitterion; hydroxy-L-tryptophan; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour. | 3.78 | 3 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone | oxytocic; vasodilator agent |
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus. | 8.1 | 5 | 0 | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite |
puromycin [no description available] | 4.74 | 10 | 0 | puromycins | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor |
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alpha-chloroketone; sulfonamide | alkylating agent; serine proteinase inhibitor |
pentostatin Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | coformycins | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor |
monoiodotyrosine Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; monoiodotyrosine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
willardiine willardiine: isolated from seeds of Acacia willariana; structure. 3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine : The 3-(uracil-1-yl) derivative of L-alanine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; L-alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
inositol 3-phosphate inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer | 5.77 | 11 | 0 | ||
cortodoxone Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen. | 3.37 | 7 | 0 | deoxycortisol; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound | avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide |
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | cinchona alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker |
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide | antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment. | 3.59 | 9 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound | antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite |
monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal | antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore |
cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain. | 3.48 | 8 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside | EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor |
saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | L-asparagine derivative; quinolines | antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
pancuronium Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; steroid ester | cholinergic antagonist; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist |
netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
trimethaphan camsylate trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
amiodarone hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
mometasone furoate Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders. | 6.36 | 6 | 2 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-furoate ester; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; organochlorine compound; steroid ester | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
dicyclomine hydrochloride dicyclomine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dicyclomine. An anticholinergic, it is used to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist |
metyrosine alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine : An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor |
nortriptyline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic tricyclic compound | geroprotector |
erythromycin estolate Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside sulfate salt; erythromycin derivative | enzyme inhibitor |
paromomycin sulfate paromomycin sulfate : An aminoglycoside sulfate salt resulting from the treatment of paromomycin with sulfuric acid. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
bacampicillin bacampicillin: ester prodrug that is hydrolyzed to ampicillin after its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bacampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a semi-synthetic, microbiologically inactive prodrug of ampicillin. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | penicillanic acid ester | prodrug |
canaline canaline: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite |
angustibalin angustibalin: sesquiterpene lactone from Balduina angustifolia (Pursh) Robins; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | sesquiterpene lactone | |
gingerol gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | beta-hydroxy ketone; guaiacols | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
Dubinidine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle | |
cyclopamine [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | piperidines | glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor |
s-(4-azidophenacyl)glutathione S-(4-azidophenacyl)glutathione: photoaffinity label deriv of glutathione; inhibits glyoxalase I (EC 4.4.1.5) | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
hydroxylamine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug |
sb 228357 SB 228357: a neuroleptic with equivalent or higher antagonist affinity for 5-HT2 than for dopamine D2 receptor | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indolyl carboxylic acid | |
3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine : A glycine derivative that is L-alpha-phenylglycine substituted at positions 3 and 5 on the phenyl ring by hydroxy groups. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; resorcinols | |
actinonin actinonin: natural hydroxamic acid, pseudopeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces species; structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
eplerenone Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; epoxy steroid; gamma-lactone; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; steroid acid ester | aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent |
tolterodine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | tertiary amine | antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant |
difluprednate difluprednate: RN given refers to (6alpha,11beta)-isomer | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | butyrate ester; corticosteroid hormone | |
doxorubicin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | anthracycline | |
halcinonide Halcinonide: A glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of DERMATITIS; ECZEMA; or PSORIASIS. It may cause skin irritation. | 5.52 | 6 | 3 | organic molecular entity | SMO receptor agonist |
metrizamide Metrizamide: A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | amino sugar | |
erythromycin ethylsuccinate Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; erythromycin derivative; ethyl ester; succinate ester | |
vinpocetine vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid | geroprotector |
amcinonide amcinonide: structure | 9.21 | 29 | 10 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; spiroketal | anti-inflammatory drug |
betamethasone acetate [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; acetate ester; fluorinated steroid; steroid ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
flumethasone pivalate flumethasone pivalate: structure | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; pivalate ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug |
ao 128 AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
dihydroergocristine monomesylate dihydroergocristine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergocristine. It has been used as the for the symptomatic treatment of mental deterioration associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency and in peripheral vascular disease. It is also a component of ergoloid mesylate (codergocrine mesilate), a mixture of ergot alkaloid derivatives that is used as a vasodilator and has shown mild benefits in the treatment of vascular dementia. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; geroprotector; vasodilator agent |
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds. | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | cyclodextrin | |
acarbose [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino cyclitol; glycoside | |
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. | 7.07 | 14 | 2 | retinoic acid; vitamin A | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule |
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid | Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
fumaric acid fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. | 8.48 | 1 | 1 | butenedioic acid | food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | resveratrol | antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger |
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). | 5.81 | 18 | 0 | retinol; vitamin A | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate | |
docosahexaenoate efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | docosahexaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | algal metabolite; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | octadec-9-enoic acid | antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent |
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. | 7.28 | 11 | 3 | macrolide lactam | bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
cerivastatin cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic) | |
rosuvastatin rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidines; statin (synthetic); sulfonamide | anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; cardioprotective agent; CETP inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. | 3.13 | 5 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone | calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor |
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases. | 3.17 | 5 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols | anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic |
mupirocin Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester; epoxide; monocarboxylic acid; oxanes; secondary alcohol; triol | antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic. | 3.17 | 5 | 0 | ||
brivudine brivudine: anti-herpes agent | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol 5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol: estrogen receptor ligand; structure in first source. (R,R)-5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-2,8-chrysenediol : A carbotetracyclic compound that is 5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 8 and by ethyl groups at positions 5 and 11 (the 5R,11R-stereoisomer). It is an agonist of ER-alpha and antagonist of ER-beta receptors. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carbotetracyclic compound; polyphenol | estrogen receptor agonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent |
fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | epoxide; phosphonic acids | antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor |
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
formycin [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | formycin | antineoplastic agent |
2-amino-3-(5-tert-butyl-3-(phosphonomethoxy)-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid 2-amino-3-(5-tert-butyl-3-(phosphonomethoxy)-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
drf 2725 ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide) Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; adenosine A2A receptor agonist; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups. | 3.66 | 10 | 0 | olefinic compound; polyphenol | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen |
alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | retinoic acid | antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist |
roflumilast [no description available] | 3.21 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzamides; chloropyridine; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound | anti-asthmatic drug; phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor |
L-cycloserine L-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has S configuration. An antibiotic isolated from Erwinia uredovora. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one | anti-HIV agent; anticonvulsant; EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor |
decitabine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | |
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
teniposide [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside; cyclic acetal; furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; monosaccharide derivative; phenols; thiophenes | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
purvalanol a 6-((3-chloro)anilino)-2-(isopropyl-2-hydroxyethylamino)-9-isopropylpurine: purvalanol A is the (1R)-isomer; | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | purvalanol | |
cefamandole Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015) | 6.36 | 32 | 0 | actinomycin | mutagen |
tiazofurin tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase). | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid amide | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; prodrug |
azaserine Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester; diazo compound; L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | antifungal agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; glutamine antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite |
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent |
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids | antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
rubitecan rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug |
micafungin Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin | antiinfective agent |
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | flavin; vitamin B2 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
potassium permanganate Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed) | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | ||
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt | antacid; food anticaking agent |
sodium acetate, anhydrous Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
sodium benzoate Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | organic sodium salt | anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug |
ditiocarb sodium [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process. | 4.05 | 3 | 1 | 2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | |
Tetrahydropiperine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles | |
4-[[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
aceglatone aceglatone: structure in Merck | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
sch 22219 alclometasone dipropionate : A prednisolone compound having an alpha-chloro substituent at the 7-position, an alpha-methyl substituent at the 16-position and O-propanoyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; propanoate ester; steroid ester | anti-inflammatory drug |
carbenoxolone [no description available] | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | ||
3-coumaric acid 3-coumaric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation in Chemline. trans-3-coumaric acid : A 3-coumaric acid that is phenol substituted with trans-2-propenoic acid at position C-3.. 3-coumaric acid : A monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-3 of the phenyl ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3-coumaric acid | |
trans-4-coumaric acid hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 4-coumaric acid | food component; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
glycosides [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | isomethyleugenol | |
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide | food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite |
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | stilbene | |
2,2'-dihydroxychalcone 2,2'-dihydroxychalcone: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | ||
isoliquiritigenin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | chalcones | antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; GABA modulator; geroprotector; metabolite; NMDA receptor antagonist |
ilepcimide ilepcimide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles | |
rauwolscine Rauwolscine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate | |
discodermolide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diterpenoid | |
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972) | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group |
cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols | antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite |
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | vasopressin | cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen |
etorphine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alcohol; morphinane alkaloid | opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; sedative |
gw9662 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand binding | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
calmidazolium calmidazolium chloride : The organic choride salt of calmidazolium. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt | apoptosis inducer; calmodulin antagonist |
amygdalin (R)-amygdalin : An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | amygdalin | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite |
bucillamine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
polidocanol Polidocanol: An alkyl polyglycol ether of LAURYL ALCOHOL, chemically defined as an alcohol ethoxylate having an average alkyl chain of 12–14 carbon atoms, and an ethylene oxide chain of 9 ethylene oxide units. It is used as a detergent, and medically as a local anesthetic, and as a sclerosing agent for the treatment of ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES and VARICOSE VEINS.. polidocanol : A hydroxypolyether that is nonaethylene glycol in which one of the terminal hydroxy functions is substituted by a lauryl (dodecyl) group. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | hydroxypolyether | hepatotoxic agent; nonionic surfactant; sclerotherapy agent |
mitobronitol Mitobronitol: Brominated analog of MANNITOL which is an antineoplastic agent appearing to act as an alkylating agent. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alcohol; organobromine compound | |
tropisetron hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
Reactive blue 2 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | anthraquinone | |
5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2h-benzimidazol-2-one 5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one: stimulates Cl- secretion in the mouse jejunum | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | |
quinidine sulfate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | oligopeptide | anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist |
octotropine methylbromide octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
fludarabine [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | pyrimidinethione | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist |
ipratropium bromide anhydrous [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
ipratropium [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
methamilane methiodide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
pilocarpine nitrate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
r 59949 R 59949: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
methylatropine nitrate [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
prothionamide Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridines | |
dienestrol Dienestrol: A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.. dienestrol : An olefinic compound that is hexa-2,4-diene substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; imidazoles | intravenous anaesthetic; sedative |
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. | 5.24 | 17 | 0 | aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
sb 366791 N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamanilide: a TRPV1 antagonist; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
ag-213 tyrphostin 47: inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase activity of EGF-R both in vitro and in living cells; | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
bemesetron [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
thioinosine Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
(S)-(-)-pindolol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pindolol | |
levosulpiride (S)-(-)-sulpiride : An optically active form of sulpiride having (S)-configuration. The active enantiomer of the racemic drug sulpiride. Selective D2-like dopamine antagonist (Ki values are ~ 0.015. ~ 0.013, 1, ~ 45 and ~ 77 muM at D2, D3, D4, D1 and D5 receptors respectively). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | sulpiride | antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist |
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | caffeic acid | geroprotector; mouse metabolite |
1-[4-[(2-methyl-4-quinolinyl)amino]phenyl]ethanone [no description available] | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
4-fluorophenyl-L-alanine 4-fluorophenyl-L-alanine : A L-phenylalanine derivative that is L-phenylalanine in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a fluoro group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 4-fluorophenylalanine; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
urocanic acid Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.. urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.. trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | urocanic acid | human metabolite |
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid | antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa. | 4.43 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger |
thiouracil Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; thiocarbonyl compound | antithyroid drug; metabolite |
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones | antithyroid drug |
cinnarizine Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine; olefinic compound | anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist |
sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide | analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent |
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | capsaicinoid | non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
enclomiphene Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
terbinafine [no description available] | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | acetylenic compound; allylamine antifungal drug; enyne; naphthalenes; tertiary amine | EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor |
cysteine sulfinic acid 3-sulfino-L-alanine : The organosulfinic acid arising from oxidation of the sulfhydryl group of L-cysteine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organosulfinic acid; S-substituted L-cysteine | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; mouse metabolite |
d-ap7 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 2-aminopurines | anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
tacrine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas | antioxidant; chromophore |
sodium propionate sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | antifungal drug; food preservative |
D-fructopyranose [no description available] | 4.3 | 6 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose | sweetening agent |
4-bromotetramisole, oxalate (1:1), salt(s)-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. | 3.42 | 7 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope |
6-thioguanosine 6-thioguanosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
4-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester, hydrochloride, (dl)-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
streptozocin [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
capsazepine capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine; catechols; monochlorobenzenes; thioureas | capsaicin receptor antagonist |
diphenyleneiodium chloride dibenziodolium chloride : An organic chloride salt having dibenziodolium as the counterion. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt | EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; G-protein-coupled receptor agonist |
azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, (cis)-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
tamoxifen citrate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | citrate salt | angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent |
tamoxifen [no description available] | 4.92 | 6 | 0 | stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
nadp [no description available] | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | ||
pimagedine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
Betaine Aldehyde Chloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium salt | |
ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | pyridines; thiocarboxamide | antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug |
eskazine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
monastrol monastrol: stops mitosis by fostering formation of monopolar spindles; structure in first source. (S)-monastrol : An ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate that has S configuration.. monastrol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-monastrol.. ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate : A member of the class of thioureas that is 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1)-thione substituted by a 3-hydroxyphenyl group at position 4, an ethoxycarbonyl group at position 5, and a methyl group at position 6. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | enoate ester; ethyl ester; phenols; racemate; thioureas | antileishmanial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor |
fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
artemotil artemotil: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | artemisinin derivative | |
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis. | 8.02 | 4 | 0 | carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound | antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite |
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic |
estrone sulfate estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
thiocarlide thiocarlide: major descriptor (68-85); on-line search PHENYLTHIOUREA/AA (68-85); Index Medicus search THIOCARLIDE (68-85); Antitubercular Agent | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | thioureas | |
hmr 3647 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
toremifene Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amine | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent |
zinc oxide Diaper Rash: A type of irritant dermatitis localized to the area in contact with a diaper and occurring most often as a reaction to prolonged contact with urine, feces, or retained soap or detergent. | 3.85 | 3 | 0 | ||
telaprevir [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines | antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic |
4-diphenylacetoxy-n-methylpiperidine methiodide 4-DAMP methiodide : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by combining equimolar amounts of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine and iodomethane. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | iodide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic antagonist |
3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,2,3-hexadecanetriol 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,2,3-hexadecanetriol: structure in first source. phytantriol : A triol that consists of 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecane bearing three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 3. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | triol | |
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
droloxifene [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
or 1259 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrazone; nitrile; pyridazinone | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
mannomustine Mannomustine: Nitrogen mustard derivative alkylating agent used as antineoplastic. It causes severe bone marrow depression and is a powerful vesicant. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | amino alcohol | |
almokalant almokalant: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
gestodene Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | steroid | estrogen |
glucametacin glucametacin: indomethacin analog; structure | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative | anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor |
idoxifene idoxifene: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
quinine [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | cinchona alkaloid | antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic |
1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol 1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol: RN & structure given in first source; RN not in Chemline 3/87 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
1-(2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea 1-(2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
2-chloro-n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-n-methyluronamide 2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
cystine [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
galactaric acid galactaric acid: STRUCTURE; RN given refers to parent cpd. galactaric acid : A hexaric acid resulting from formal oxidative ring cleavage of galactose. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | hexaric acid | human metabolite |
methenolone Methenolone: A synthetic steroid that has been used for its anabolic action. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | 3-hydroxy steroid | androgen |
bp 897 BP 897: a dopamine D3 receptor agonist; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenecarboxamide | |
safingol safingol: RN given refers to the (R-(R*,S*))-isomer | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | amino alcohol | |
trequinsin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
neboglamine neboglamine: potential memory enhancer | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
methyl prednisolonate methyl prednisolonate: RN from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to (11 beta)-isomer | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
zd 6474 CH 331: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine | antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
cactinomycin cactinomycin: a mixture of dactinomycin, actinomycin C2, and actinomycin C3 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
amanitins Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
salinomycin salinomycin: from Streptomyces albus; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | polyketide; spiroketal | animal growth promotant; potassium ionophore |
silybin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
benzatropine methanesulfonate benzatropine mesylate : The methanesulfonate salt of benzatropine. An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
sb 203186 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indolyl carboxylic acid | |
n-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-n'-(3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)urea N-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-N'-(3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)urea: a 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonist; structure given in first source. 1-(1-methylindol-5-yl)-3-(3-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl)urea : A member of ther class of ureas that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens has been replaced by an N-methylindol-5-yl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen has been replaced by a 3-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl group. It is a potent and selective antagonist for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B (5-HT2B) receptor. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-thiazoles; indoles; ureas | receptor modulator; serotonergic antagonist |
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
gw 7647 GW 7647: a PPAR-alpha agonist; structure in first source. GW 7647 : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-(phenylsulfanyl)isobutyric acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at the para- position by a 3-aza-7-cyclohexylhept-1-yl group in which the nitrogen is acylated by a (cyclohexylamino)carbonyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; ureas | PPARalpha agonist |
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | detergent; protein denaturant |
ro 41-0960 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
cgp 13501 CGP 13501: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
2-amino-4-nitrophenol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 4-nitrophenols | |
n-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-methoxybenzamide N-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-methoxybenzamide: dopamine D4 ligand; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
chloramine-t chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | allergen; antifouling biocide; disinfectant |
brl 15572 3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol : An N-alkylpiperazine that is 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine carrying a 3,3-diphenyl-2-hydroxyprop-1-yl group at position 4. A selective h5-HT1D antagonist, displaying 60-fold selectivity over h5-HT1B, and exhibiting little or no affinity for a range of other receptor types. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; secondary alcohol | geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist |
mrs 1523 2,3-diethyl-4,5-dipropyl-6-phenylpyridine-3-thiocarboxylate-5-carboxylate: adenosine A3 receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
or486 OR486: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
fg 9041 FG 9041: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | quinoxaline derivative | |
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
iik7 IIK7: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
sb 415286 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; maleimides; monochlorobenzenes; phenols; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline | antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
dm 235 DM 235: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
17-ketosteroids 17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17. | 3.73 | 11 | 0 | ||
jhw 015 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indolecarboxamide | |
bw 723c86 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | tryptamines | |
sc 560 SC560 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. Unlike many members of the diaryl heterocycle class of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, SC-560 is selective for COX-1. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; pyrazoles | angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate | |
sc-19220 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
2-nitro-4-phenylenediamine 2-nitro-4-phenylenediamine: 2-nitro-1,4-benzenediamine; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine : A primary amino compound that is p-phenylenediamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the benzene ring is replaced by a nitro group. It is a cosmetic hair dye intermediate that is used in permanent hair colouring products (diluted 1:1 with an oxidising agent prior to application). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; primary amino compound | |
le 300 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
digitoxigenin Digitoxigenin: 3 beta,14-Dihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digitoxin. Synonyms: Cerberigenin; Echujetin; Evonogenin; Thevetigenin.. digitoxigenin : A 5beta-cardenolide that is 5beta-cardanolide with hydroxy substituents at the 3beta- and 14beta-positions and double bond unsaturation at C(20)-C(22). | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid | |
icodextrin Icodextrin: A glucan that is structurally related to maltodextrin, with more than 85% of its molecules having molecular weights between 1640 and 45 000 Daltons (Da), and a weight-average molecular weight of about 20 000 Da; it is used in dialysis fluids as an alternative to glucose-based solutions, and to reduce adhesions after gynecological or abdominal surgery. It has also been used as a vehicle for drugs given via the peritoneal cavity. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
flosequinan [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
ly 367265 LY 367265: a 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter inhibitor; a 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist; structure in first source. LY-367,265 : A fluoroindole that is 1H-indole in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 6 are replaced by 1-[2-(2,2-dioxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-2lambda(6)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[4,3,2-ij]quinolin-1(2H)-yl)ethyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is an inhibitor of the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (Ki = 2.3 nM) and an antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) receptor (Ki = 0.81 nM). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dihydropyridine; fluoroindole; tertiary amino compound; thiadiazoloquinoline | antidepressant; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols | antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor |
jnj 7777120 1-((5-chloro-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl)-4-methylpiperazine: an H4 receptor antagonist; structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
alsterpaullone alsterpaullone: structure in first source. alsterpaullone : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1-benzazepin-2-one which shares its 4-5 bond with the 3-2 bond of 5-nitro-1H-indole. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; caprolactams; organic heterotetracyclic compound | anti-HIV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor |
diclofenac sodium Diclofenac Sodium: The sodium form of DICLOFENAC. It is used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.. diclofenac sodium : The sodium salt of diclofenac. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
cgp 7930 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)phenol: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1h-pyrazole 4,4',4''-(4-propylpyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol : A pyrazole that is 1H-pyrazole bearing three 4-hydroxyphenyl substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5 as well as a propyl substituent at position 4. Potent, subtype-selective estrogen receptor agonist (EC50 ~ 200 pM); displays 410-fold selectivity for ERalpha over ERbeta. Prevents ovariectomy-induced weight gain and loss of bone mineral density, and induces gene expression in the hypothalamus following systemic administration in vivo. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | phenols; pyrazoles | estrogen receptor agonist |
sib 1757 SIB 1757: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | sphing-4-enine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
quercetin [no description available] | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger |
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 3.39 | 7 | 0 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic |
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | trihydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
luteolin [no description available] | 3.59 | 2 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes | 3.27 | 6 | 0 | D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol | antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene | antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A |
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A | mouse metabolite |
hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor |
daphnetin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | |
alprostadil [no description available] | 4.4 | 6 | 0 | prostaglandins E | anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D | bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide |
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone | geroprotector; human metabolite |
kaempferol [no description available] | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
genistein [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections. | 3.11 | 5 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic | antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite |
clavulanic acid Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | oxapenam | antibacterial drug; anxiolytic drug; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor |
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis. | 9.93 | 23 | 2 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen |
oxymetholone Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
montelukast montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist | 5.98 | 7 | 4 | aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines | anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist |
timolol maleate (S)-timolol maleate : The maleic acid salt of the active (S)-enantiomer of timolol, comprising equimolar amounts of (S)-timolol and maleic acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | maleate salt | anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
brompheniramine maleate brompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | maleate salt | anti-allergic agent |
chlorpheniramine maleate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
clemastine fumarate clemastine fumarate : The fumaric acid salt of clemastine. An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | fumarate salt | anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist |
methylergonovine maleate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ergoline alkaloid | geroprotector |
mycophenolate mofetil mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester; ether; gamma-lactone; phenols; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor |
astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | carotenol; carotenone | animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite |
harman harman: a beta-carboline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. harman : An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | harmala alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid | anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
usambarensine usambarensine: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | harmala alkaloid | |
diosmin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant |
mangiferin shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | C-glycosyl compound; xanthones | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite |
kuwanon g kuwanon G: a non-peptide bombesin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (1S-(1alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer; structure given in first source. kuwanone G : A tetrahydroxyflavone isolated from the root barks of Morus alba and has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | resorcinols; tetrahydroxyflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; plant metabolite |
morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
myricetin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite |
scutellarein scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein. scutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | tetrahydroxyflavone | metabolite |
daidzein [no description available] | 3.59 | 2 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite |
cynarine cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | alkyl caffeate ester; quinic acid | plant metabolite |
caffeic acid phenethyl ester phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alkyl caffeate ester | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; immunomodulator; metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
tectoridin tectoridin: glycosylated tectorigenin. tectoridin : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is tectorigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; methoxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative | plant metabolite |
rottlerin rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; chromenol; enone; methyl ketone | anti-allergic agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; K-ATP channel agonist; metabolite |
flupenthixol cis-flupenthixol : A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | flupenthixol | dopaminergic antagonist |
sdz psc 833 valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | homodetic cyclic peptide | |
coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ubiquinones | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite |
n-oleoyldopamine N-oleoyldopamine: putative capsaicin receptor ligand; produces hyperalgesia; isolated from the brain. N-oleoyldopamine : A fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the amino group of dopamine. Synthesised in catecholaminergic neurons, it crosses the blood-brain barrier and might be considered as a carrier of dopamine into the brain. It is a transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor agonist. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | catechols; fatty amide; N-(fatty acyl)-dopamine; secondary carboxamide | TRPV1 agonist |
pheniramine maleate Naphcon A: tradename; contains above compounds; ophthalmic solution | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent |
7432 s Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; dicarboxylic acid | antibacterial drug |
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
trimipramine maleate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | maleate salt | antidepressant |
etretinate retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | enoate ester; ethyl ester; retinoid | keratolytic drug |
isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | retinoic acid | antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent |
misoprostol Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
xylometazoline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
flunarizine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
ketotifen fumarate ketotifen fumarate : An organoammonium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of ketotifen(1+) and fumarate(1-) ions. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is a non-bronchodilator anti-asthmatic drug. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organoammonium salt | anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist |
epoprostenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | prostaglandins I | mouse metabolite |
ozagrel ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cinnamic acids | |
triprolidine Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpyrrolidine; olefinic compound; pyridines | H1-receptor antagonist |
pitavastatin pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolines; statin (synthetic) | antioxidant |
cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of cis-flupenthixol. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | geroprotector |
hydrocortisone valerate hydrocortisone valerate: used in treatment of atopic dermatitis; RN given refers to 11beta-isomer | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | cortisol ester; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; valerate ester | |
alatrofloxacin mesylate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
n-arachidonylglycine N-arachidonylglycine: structure in first source. N-arachidonoylglycine : Biologically active derivative of anandamide | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | fatty amide; N-acylglycine | |
n-oleoylethanolamine N-oleoylethanolamine: ceramidase inhibitor. oleoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of oleic acid. The monounsaturated analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-acylethanolamine 18:1 | EC 3.5.1.23 (ceramidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist |
codeine [no description available] | 3.14 | 5 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic |
cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | homodetic cyclic peptide | anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite |
phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine. | 4.13 | 3 | 1 | hydrochloride | |
natamycin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; dicarboxylic acid monoester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyene antibiotic | antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; ophthalmology drug |
mepyramine maleate histosol: proprietary mixture of synthetic aromatic hydrocarbons forming an extremely nonpolar organic solvent | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
acitretin Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9. | 3.85 | 3 | 0 | acitretin; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; retinoid | keratolytic drug |
cyproterone Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; chlorinated steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | androgen antagonist |
dihydrocodeine dihydrocodeine: RN refers to parent cpd(5alpha,6alpha)-isomer | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
dothiepin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dothiepin | |
hydrocodone Hydrocodone: Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant.. hydrocodone : A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
hydromorphone Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound | mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrrolidin-2-ones | anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
ly 163892 loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | carbacephem; zwitterion | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent |
nalorphine Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist |
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain. | 3.5 | 1 | 1 | organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative | antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
oxymorphone Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092) | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol | antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor |
topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester | anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker |
brefeldin a [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | Penicillium metabolite |
alvocidib alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyflavone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor |
seocalcitol seocalcitol: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
fenretinide Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant |
geldanamycin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor |
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | 6.47 | 9 | 2 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
pactamycin Pactamycin: Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum used as an antineoplastic agent. It is also used as a tool in biochemistry because it inhibits certain steps in protein synthesis. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
demycarosylturimycin h [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid 4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source. arotinoid acid : A retinoid that consists of benzoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 2-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a synthetic retinoid that acts as a selective agonist for the retinoic acid receptors (RAR). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; naphthalenes; retinoid | antineoplastic agent; retinoic acid receptor agonist; teratogenic agent |
l-2-(carboxypropyl)glycine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
4-aminocrotonic acid [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
anthramycin [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
clobetasol Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis. | 9.62 | 34 | 5 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug; SMO receptor agonist |
cloprostenol Cloprostenol: A synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analog. The compound has luteolytic effects and is used for the synchronization of estrus in cattle. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | prostanoid | |
denopamine denopamine: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dimethoxybenzene | |
desonide Desonide: A nonfluorinated corticosteroid anti-inflammatory agent used topically for DERMATOSES.. desonide : Triamcinolone acetonide with hydrogen instead of the fluorine substituent at position 9. A corticosteroid anti-inflammatory, it is used topically as a cream, ointment or lotion for the treatment of various skin disorders. | 3.99 | 4 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; corticosteroid; cyclic ketal; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug |
desoximetasone Desoximetasone: A topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in DERMATOSES, skin allergies, PSORIASIS, etc.. desoximetasone : Dexamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position is substituted by hydrogen. A synthetic corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders, including skin allergies and psoriasis. | 7.36 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug |
fluticasone Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis. | 8.84 | 13 | 1 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; thioester | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug |
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol | platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
l 655,708 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
lacidipine [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | cinnamate ester; tert-butyl ester | |
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound | actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
nalbuphine Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | organic heteropentacyclic compound | mu-opioid receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic |
ro 41-1049 Ro 41-1049: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
nateglinide Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | phenylalanine derivative | |
11-dehydrocorticosterone 11-dehydrocorticosterone : An 11-oxo steroid that is corticosterone in which the hydroxy substituent at the 11beta position has been oxidised to give the corresponding ketone. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; corticosteroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
rimexolone [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid | |
sb 200646a [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
seglitide seglitide: more potent than somatostatin for inhibition of insulin, glucagon & growth hormone release; used experimentally in treatment of Alzheimer's disease; somatostatin receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
sib 1893 SIB 1893: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
vinorelbine [no description available] | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid | antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent |
su 6656 SU 6656: a c-Src kinase inhibitor; used to probe growth signaling; structure in first source. SU6656 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which the hydrogeh at position 5 has been replaced by a dimethylaminosulfonyl group and in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group has been replaced by a 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-indol-2-yl group. It is a specific inhibitor of Src family kinase. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
glycitein glycitein : A methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4'. It has been isolated from the mycelia of the fungus Cordyceps sinensis. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavone; methoxyisoflavone | fungal metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite |
irisquinone irisquinone: from seeds of Iris pallasii Iridaceae; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
licochalcone a licochalcone A: has both anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities; structure given in first source; isolated from root of Glycyrrhiza inflata; RN given refers to (E)-isomer | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | chalcones | |
furazolidone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime | antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
tyrphostin ag 555 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
tyrphostin ag-494 AG 494: tyrphostin that blocks Cdk2 activation; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
tyrphostin b44 tyrphostin B44: inhibits protein kinases; an analog of tyrphostin B46; B44(+) is B50, and is the stereoisomer of B44(-) | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
ag-490 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | catechols; enamide; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; secondary carboxamide | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; STAT3 inhibitor |
ag 112 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
ag 183 AG 183: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
semaxinib semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | olefinic compound; oxindoles; pyrroles | angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
orantinib orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
mitoguazone Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | guanidines; hydrazone | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor |
stilbamidine stilbamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom | neurotoxin |
8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine: adenosine antagonist. 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine : Caffeine substituted at its 8-position by an (E)-3-chlorostyryl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor |
bay 11-7085 BAY11-7085 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [(E)-2-cyanoethenyl]sulfonyl and tert-butyl groups at position 1 and 4, respectively. It is an irreversible inhibitor of IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells (IC50 = 10 muM) and prevents the activation of NF-kappaB. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; nitrile; sulfone | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; NF-kappaB inhibitor |
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles; organofluorine compound | |
molsidomine [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion | antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
diamide Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide) | |
nomifensine maleate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom | |
dihydromorphine Dihydromorphine: A semisynthetic analgesic used in the study of narcotic receptors. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | micronutrient |
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene | antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic |
nalbuphine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
cefixime [no description available] | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester | bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug |
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide | HIV protease inhibitor |
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. | 2.85 | 4 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
piperic acid piperinic acid: from Piper longum; structure in first source. (E,E)-piperic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is (E)-penta-2,4-dienoic acid substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 5. It has been isolated from black pepper (Piper nigrum). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; benzodioxoles | plant metabolite |
isoalloxazine isoalloxazine: structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione | |
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration). | 7.98 | 4 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug |
vinblastine sulfate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
nitrofurazone Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
n-methylscopolamine bromide scopolamine methobromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-) | 3.76 | 2 | 1 | butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate | human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen | adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope |
bleomycin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bleomycin | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | cysteinium | fundamental metabolite |
thyronines Thyronines: A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms.. thyronine : A tyrosine derivative where the phenolic hydrogen of tyrosine is substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | thyronine | |
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086]. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom | |
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions. | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen | macronutrient |
heroin Heroin: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed). heroin : A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; prodrug |
dextromethorphan hydrobromide dextromethorphan hydrobromide : The hydrobromide and monohydrate of the antitussive drug dextromethorphan. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrate; hydrobromide | |
enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
naloxone hydrochloride naloxone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of naloxone and hydrogen chloride. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist |
imidapril imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; imidazolidines; N-acylurea; secondary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
s-trans,trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid farnesylthiosalicylic acid: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | sesquiterpenoid | |
kendomycin kendomycin: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzofurans | |
sulindac sulfone sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfone | apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor |
ximelagatran ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amidoxime; azetidines; carboxamide; ethyl ester; hydroxylamines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide | anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; prodrug; serine protease inhibitor |
cefuroxime [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin; furans; oxime O-ether | drug allergen |
ceftriaxone [no description available] | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | 1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor |
ceftazidime [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor |
Norartocarpetin [no description available] | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | flavones | |
trandolapril trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
naltrexone hydrochloride naltrexone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of oxycodone with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. it is a mu-opioid receptor antagonist that is used to treat alcohol dependence. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist |
tiotropium bromide Tiotropium Bromide: A scopolamine derivative and CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONIST that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR AGENT. It is used in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.. tiotropium bromide : An organic bromide salt having (1alpha,2beta,4beta,5alpha,7beta)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane as the counterion. Used (in the form of the hydrate) for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | 4.09 | 2 | 0 | ||
triolein Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | triglyceride | Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; plant metabolite |
guanabenz acetate [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | geroprotector |
nylidrin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
triprolidine hydrochloride anhydrous triprolidine hydrochloride (anh.) : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of triprolidine and hydrogen chloride. Its monohydrate is used for the symptomatic relief of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | H1-receptor antagonist |
famotidine [no description available] | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide | anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
fenoterol fenoterol hydrobromide : The hydrobromide salt of fenoterol. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrobromide | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent |
tiapridex Tiapride Hydrochloride: A benzamide derivative that is used as a dopamine antagonist. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
quipazine maleate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
n-(2-aminoethyl)-4-chlorobenzamide hydrochloride Ro 16-6491: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
tulobuterol hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
hp 029 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
aztreonam [no description available] | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; monobactam | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor |
4-(4-dihexadecylaminostyryl)-n-methylpyridium 4-(4-dihexadecylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridium: RN refers to iodide. 4-(4-dihexadecylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridium : A pyridinium cation with a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 4-(dihexadecylamino)styryl substituent at the 4-position. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | pyridinium ion; tertiary amine | fluorochrome |
n,n,n-trimethyl-1-(4-stilbenoxy)-2-propylammonium iodide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
2',5'-dihydroxychalcone 2',5'-dihydroxychalcone: structure given in first source | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | chalcones | |
6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2h-pyran-2-one 6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2H-pyran-2-one: structure given in first source; potent irreversible, mechanism-based inhibitor of myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes | |
nf023 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
nf 449 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
7-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
gr 46611 GR 46611: known to lower body temperature in guinea pigs | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
proguanil Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | biguanides; monochlorobenzenes | antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
coomassie brilliant blue [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
rifamycin sv rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties. | 9.71 | 2 | 1 | acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol; rifamycins | antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; bacterial metabolite |
ginkgolide b [no description available] | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | ||
ceftiofur [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
epoprostenol sodium [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | prostanoid | |
diacetylmonoxime diacetylmonoxime: used diagnostically for determining urea in blood; structure; myosin ATPase antagonist. diacetylmonoxime : A ketoxime obtained via formal condensation of butane-2,3-dione with hydroxylamine. It is a reversible myosin ATPase inhibitor. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
homatropine hydrobromide, (endo-(+-)-isomer) [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
vancomycin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
moxisylyte hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant | anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist |
pregnanediol [no description available] | 3.55 | 9 | 0 | ||
ferrous fumarate ferrous fumarate: used in treatment of iron deficiency anemia; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid | |
beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate: RN given refers to unspecified fumarate | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
flupirtine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
cilastatin [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carboxamide; L-cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide | EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; protease inhibitor; xenobiotic |
zimelidine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
sibiromycin [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside antibiotic; hemiaminal; phenols; pyrrolobenzodiazepine | antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite |
ixabepilone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; beta-hydroxy ketone; epoxide; lactam; macrocycle | antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent |
pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione, (17z)-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
su 4312 SU4312 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group has been replaced by a p-(dimethylamino)phenyl group. SU 4312 is a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor protein tyrosine kinase 1/2 and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor inhibitor. It also inhibits the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and exhibits neuroprotection against NO-mediated neurotoxicity. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
nifuroxime 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde oxime: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
azlocillin Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
gw 1929 GW 1929: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzophenones | |
ceftizoxime [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide | serotonergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
protriptyline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antidepressant |
n(4)-chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
n-(3-(cyclohexylidene-(1h-imidazol-4-ylmethyl))phenyl)ethanesulfonamide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
n-(4-amino-2-chlorophenyl)phthalimide N-(4-amino-2-chlorophenyl)phthalimide: has anticonvulsant activity; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
cb 34 CB 34: ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine receptors; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
b 43 RK-24466 : A member of the class of pyrrolopyrimidines that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by amino, 4-phenoxyphenyl, and cyclopentyl groups at positions 4, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of Lck that inhibits Lck (64-509) and LckCD isoforms (IC50 of less than 1 and 2 nM, respectively). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; aromatic ether; cyclopentanes; primary amino compound; pyrrolopyrimidine | EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
(8R)-7-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-2,13,14-triol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | |
(8R)-7-propyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-2,13,14-triol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | |
3-(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo(3.2.1)octane 3-(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo(3.2.1)octane: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
2-(3,3-diphenylpropylamino)acetamide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
4-(2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio)-2,6-difluorophenoxyacetamide 4-(2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio)-2,6-difluorophenoxyacetamide: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
gw2974 GW2974: quinazoline derivative, which is able to block the activation of both the EGFR and erbB2 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pyridopyrimidine | |
l 162313 L 162313: a biphenylimidazole derivative; a non-peptide angiotensin agonist; no further information available 2/95 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
l-165041 4-(3-(2-propyl-3-hydroxy-4-acetyl)phenoxy)propyloxyphenoxy acetic acid: a PPAR-delta agonist has regulatory effects on a variety of adipokines, and these effects might explain some of their metabolic function. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
mrs 1754 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | |
s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | nitroso compound; nitrosothio compound | nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
pd 404182 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
sb 222200 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
dantrolene sodium dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
cr 2945 CR 2945: a member of non-peptide CCKB receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent |
sb 218795 SB 218795: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
dihydroceramide N-acetylsphinganine : A dihydroceramide in which the ceramide acyl group is specified as acetyl. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-acylsphinganine | |
hoe 777 [no description available] | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | nitrofuran antibiotic | |
epinephrine bitartrate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
bicuculline methobromide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
butylscopolammonium bromide Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | ||
butaclamol hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
morphinans Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; morphinane alkaloid | |
dantrolene [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
roxithromycin (E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | roxithromycin | environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
fumagillin [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; carboxylic ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; meroterpenoid; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; spiro-epoxide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; fungal metabolite; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor |
a 38503 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
sk&f 89976-a [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
cv 1808 2-phenylaminoadenosine: has coronary & cardiohemodynamic effects | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
artesunate artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid | antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer |
beraprost beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | enyne; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; secondary allylic alcohol | anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent |
lanreotide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
dutasteride Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aza-steroid; delta-lactam | antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor |
lu 208075 ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
indacaterol indacaterol: a beta2 adrenoceptor agonist; indacaterol is the (R)-isomer; structure in first source. indacaterol : A monohydroxyquinoline that consists of 5-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-8-hydroxyquinolin-2-one having a 5,6-diethylindan-2-yl group attached to the amino function. Used as the maleate salt for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | 3.21 | 1 | 0 | indanes; monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent |
acetylcarnitine O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | O-acetylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ammonium ion derivative | |
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge. | 8.8 | 3 | 0 | biguanides; monochlorobenzenes | antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent |
fluvoxamine maleate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes | |
thioacetazone Thioacetazone: A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217). thiosemicarbazone : A hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with the non-thioacylated nitrogen of thiosemicarbazide or its substituted derivatives. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
chlorproguanil chlorproguanil: dichloro-derivative of chloroguanide; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | |
nifurtoinol nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent |
naloxone benzoylhydrazone [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
fosinopril [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained by reaction of 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anxiolytic drug; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist |
amiprilose [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
(R)-fluoxetine hydrochloride (R)-fluoxetine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (R)-fluoxetine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
eflucimibe eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
ezetimibe, simvastatin drug combination Ezetimibe, Simvastatin Drug Combination: A pharmaceutical preparation of ezetimibe and simvastatin that is used in the treatment of HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
etomoxir [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
fluticasone furoate fluticasone furoate: a glucocorticoid; structure in first source. fluticasone furoate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a 2-furoyl substituent at position 17. Used in combination with vilanterol trifenate for treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-furoate ester; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; steroid ester; thioester | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; prodrug |
desmethylselegiline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
3-morpholino-sydnonimine monohydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
16-methylprogesterone, (16alpha)-isomer [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
t 1032 T 1032: a cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
treosulfan treosulfan: immunosuppressant; RN given refers to (S-(R*,R*))-isomer | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate ester | |
qx-314 bromide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
(S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride (S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (S)-fluoxetine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
sr 59230a 3-(2-ethylphenoxy)-1-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-1-ylamino)-2-propanol oxalate: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
u 74389g [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
gentamicin sulfate [no description available] | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | ||
1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
y 27632, dihydrochloride, (4(r)-trans)-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
n1-phenyl-3,5-dinitro-n4,n4-di-n-propylsulfanilamide N1-phenyl-3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-di-n-propylsulfanilamide: a potent, selective antimitotic agent against kinetoplastid parasites; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
nkp 608 [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
tofacitinib tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis. | 7.15 | 1 | 0 | N-acylpiperidine; nitrile; pyrrolopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound | antirheumatic drug; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor |
noscapine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
medrogestone Medrogestone: 6,17-Dimethylpregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione. A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of progesterone. It is used in the treatment of menstrual irregularities and has also been employed in the treatment of prostatic hypertrophy and endometrial carcinoma. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
a 77636 (1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained by mixing equimolar amounts of (1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol with hydrochloric acid. Potent and selective dopamine D1-like receptor agonist (pEC50 values are 8.97 and < 5 for D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Displays anti-Parkinsonian activity following oral administration in vivo. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist |
ganu GANU: differs from chlorozotocin by placement of cytotoxic group on C-1 of the glucose ring; less myelosuppressive than chlorozotocin; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
cgp 20712a CGP 20712A: structure given in first source; CGP 26505, a beta1-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, is the (S)-isomer of CGP 20712A | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
cystathionine Cystathionine: Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE.. cystathionine : A modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | cysteine derivative | |
azd 6244 AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor |
levodopa methyl ester hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
apixaban [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; lactam; piperidones; pyrazolopyridine | anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor |
vilanterol [no description available] | 3.21 | 1 | 0 | benzyl alcohols; dichlorobenzene; ether; phenols; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent |
benalfocin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
artenimol artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
4-phenoxyphenoxyethyl thiocyanate 4-phenoxyphenoxyethyl thiocyanate: has antiparasitic activity; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
lu 19005 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
benoxathian hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
((2-n-butyl-6,7-dichloro-2-cyclopentyl-2,3-dihydro-1-oxo-1h-inden-5-yl)oxy)acetic acid, (+)-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
n-cyclopropyl adenosine-5'-carboxamide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
homatropine methylbromide homatropine methylbromide: RN given refers to bromide (endo-(+-))-isomer | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
vinflunine vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; vinca alkaloid | antineoplastic agent |
cefotaxime sodium [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
baci-im [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | homodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide; zwitterion | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent |
metamelfalan [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
calpain inhibitor iii calpain inhibitor III: potential anticataract drug | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species. | 6.39 | 13 | 1 | nystatins | |
GR 127935 hydrochloride GR 127935 hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of GR 127935 with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Potent and selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.5 for both guinea pig 5-HT1D and rat 5-HT1B receptors). Displays > 100-fold selectivity over 5HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors and other receptor types. Centrally active following oral administration. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | serotonergic antagonist |
mrs 1845 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
vindesine [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
diflucortolone Diflucortolone: A topical glucocorticoid used in various DERMATOSES. It is absorbed through the skin, bound to plasma albumin, and may cause adrenal suppression. It is also administered as the valerate. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 21-hydroxy steroid | |
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
alaproclate hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
ubenimex [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
3-chloroalanine hydrochloride, (l-ala)-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
dsp 4 hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzoxazole | |
(2-(2',6'-dimethoxy)phenoxyethylamino)methylbenzodioxan hydrochloride N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine with one equivalent of hydrogen chloride. An alpha1A-adrenergic selective antagonist. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | alpha-adrenergic antagonist |
2-cyclooctyl-2-hydroxyethylamine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
cirazoline monohydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
adtn [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
apocodeine hydrochloride, (r)-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
Dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
lilly 78335 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
efaroxan hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
fenoldopam hydrobromide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride 1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of 1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine with two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. Potent and selective inhibitor of dopamine uptake (KD = 5.5 nM in rat striatal membranes). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | dopamine uptake inhibitor |
guvacine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
7-hydroxy-2-n,n-dipropylaminotetralin hydrobromide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide, (r)-isomer, [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
1-(2-(4-(4-fluoro-benzoyl)-piperidin-1-yl)-ethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-indol-2-one LY-310762 hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reation of equimolar amount of LY-310762 with hydrogen chloride. A potent and selective antagonist for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D (5-HT1D) receptor. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | receptor modulator; serotonergic antagonist |
4-iodoclonidine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
4-methylpyrazole monohydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
tele-methylhistamine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester, monohydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
octoclothepine maleate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
2-(n-phenethyl-n-propyl)amino-5-hydroxytetralin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
du 24565 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
2-methoxyidazoxan hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
ro 25-6981 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
sk&f 77434 N-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrobromide : A hydrobromide salt prepared from N-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol and one equivalent of hydrogen bromide. Selective dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (IC50 values are 19.7 and 2425 nM for binding to D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrobromide | dopamine agonist; prodrug |
3-[(6aR,9R,10aR)-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-yl]-1,1-diethylurea [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
digitoxigenin monodigitoxoside digitoxigenin monodigitoxoside: RN given refers to (ribo-3beta,5beta)-isomer | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output. | 8.13 | 5 | 0 | 1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye | |
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). | 3.73 | 3 | 0 | ||
podophyllin Podophyllin: Caustic extract from the roots of Podophyllum peltatum and P. emodi. It contains PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and its congeners and is very irritating to mucous membranes and skin. Podophyllin is a violent purgative that may cause CNS damage and teratogenesis. It is used as a paint for warts, skin neoplasms, and senile keratoses. | 3.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
pf 03491390 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
demethylcantharidin demethylcantharidin: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
atropine sulfate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
dihydrotachysterol Dihydrotachysterol: A VITAMIN D that can be regarded as a reduction product of vitamin D2.. dihydrotachysterol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is 9,10-secoergosta-5,7,22-triene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. A synthetic analogue of vitamin D that acts a bone density conservation agent. | 3.44 | 8 | 0 | ||
rifamycins [no description available] | 4.28 | 1 | 1 | ||
ent-dextilidine Tilidine: An opioid analgesic used similarly to MORPHINE in the control of moderate to severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1097). ent-dextilidine : An ethyl 2-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate that has R configuration at the carbon bearing the phenyl group and S configuration at the carbon bearing the dimethylamino group. It is the enantiomer of dextilidine; the opioid analgesic tilidine is the racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextilidine and ent-dextilidine.. tilidine : A racemate that is an equimolar mixture of the two trans diastereoisomers of ethyl 2-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate, namely dextilidine and ent-dextilidine. It is used (commonly as the hydrochloride hemihydrate) as an opioid analgesic for the management of moderate to severe pain. A prodrug, it is metabolised in the body to nortilidine, which is responsible for the analgesic activity; virtually all of the opioid activity resides in the (1S,2R) isomer. | 3.5 | 1 | 1 | ethyl 2-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate | |
2-((3-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido)glucopyranose [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
ro 6-4563 glibornuride: was MH 1975-92 (see under SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS to search GLIBORNURIDE 1975-92; an oral, sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | ||
1-deoxynojirimycin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
deoxoartemisinin deoxoartemisinin: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
jaw [no description available] | 3.41 | 1 | 1 | indolecarboxamide | |
tixocortol pivalate tixocortol pivalate: used in drug therapy of allergic rhinitis, structure. tixocortol pivalate : The pivalate thioester of tixocortol. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | corticosteroid; pivalate ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; thioester | allergen; anti-allergic agent; glucocorticoid receptor agonist |
win 62577 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion | cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
amodiaquine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | ||
calcitonin [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
tannins gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | tannin | |
gramicidin a Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN. | 3.96 | 4 | 0 | ||
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence. | 5.91 | 20 | 0 | peptide hormone | |
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications. | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | glycoside | |
quinine sulfate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrate | |
quercetin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
(9R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one Beclomethasone: An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.. beclomethasone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is prednisolone in which the hydrogens at the 9alpha and 16beta positions are substituted by a chlorine and a methyl group, respectively. | 10.73 | 23 | 5 | 21-hydroxy steroid | |
rv 538, (r-(r*,r*))-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
3,4-dichloro-n-methyl-n-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (1s-cis)-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
sodium salicylate [no description available] | 3.34 | 7 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
valproate sodium Epilim: oral sodium valproate used as antidepressive agent. sodium valproate : The sodium salt of valproic acid.. valproate : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of valproic acid. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | geroprotector |
flucloronide flucloronide: synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search PREGNADIENETROLS (75-83); RN given refers to (6alpha,11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 21-hydroxy steroid | |
chitosan [no description available] | 3.48 | 6 | 0 | ||
s-nitro-n-acetylpenicillamine S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine: a NO donor | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
mesna Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organosulfonic acid | |
u 63557a [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP. | 3.34 | 7 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide | |
cerivastatin sodium cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt; statin (synthetic) | |
sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach. | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | bleaching agent; disinfectant |
taurocholic acid, monosodium salt [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | bile salt | |
cefmetazole sodium cefmetazole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefmetazole. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | antimicrobial agent |
monensin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
oxacillin sodium [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
raltegravir potassium Raltegravir Potassium: A pyrrolidinone derivative and HIV INTEGRASE INHIBITOR that is used in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS for the treatment of HIV INFECTION. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
sodium diatrizoate histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt; organoiodine compound | radioopaque medium |
fusidate sodium [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
cephapirin sodium cephapirin sodium : The sodium salt of cephapirin. A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, it is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Being more resistant to beta-lactamases than penicillins, it is effective agains most staphylococci, though not methicillin-resistant staphylococci. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; organic sodium salt | antibacterial drug |
sodium cephalothin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
cefazolin sodium cefazolin sodium : A cephalosporin organic sodium salt having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
5-hydroxydecanoic acid, monosodium salt [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
phenytoin sodium [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
cr 1409 lorglumide sodium : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-lorglumide sodium. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
sodium ethylxanthate Sex: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
cortisol succinate, sodium salt hydrocortisone hemisuccinate: RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer; Synonyms Solu-Cortef & sopolcort H refer to Na salt | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
piperacillin, tazobactam drug combination Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination: An antibiotic combination product of piperacillin and tazobactam, a penicillanic acid derivative with enhanced beta-lactamase inhibitory activity, that is used for the intravenous treatment of intra-abdominal, pelvic, and skin infections and for community-acquired pneumonia of moderate severity. It is also used for the treatment of PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA INFECTIONS. | 3.27 | 1 | 0 | ||
thiostrepton Thiostrepton: One of the CYCLIC PEPTIDES from Streptomyces that is active against gram-positive bacteria. In veterinary medicine, it has been used in mastitis caused by gram-negative organisms and in dermatologic disorders.. thiostrepton : A heterodetic cyclic peptide, in which the cyclisation step involves a formal lactonisation between the carboxy group of a quinaldic acid-based residue and a secondary alcohol. An antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Also acts as an antitumor agent. | 4.04 | 3 | 1 | ||
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic cation; sulfonium compound | coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | ||
egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed) | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume. | 3.32 | 7 | 0 | ||
hainanolide hainanolide: from bark of Cephalotaxux hainensis | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
incb-018424 [no description available] | 5.81 | 3 | 2 | nitrile; pyrazoles; pyrrolopyrimidine | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor |
tolterodine tartrate Tolterodine Tartrate: An ANTIMUSCARINIC AGENT selective for the MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS of the BLADDER that is used in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE and URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE. | 3.42 | 1 | 1 | tartrate salt | |
mannans [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
cobicistat [no description available] | 7.17 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; ureas | P450 inhibitor |
gliocladic acid gliocladic acid: from Gliocladium virens, Chaetomium globosum & Trichoderma viride; structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | p-menthane monoterpenoid | |
plx4032 [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; difluorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrrolopyridine; sulfonamide | antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor |
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | ||
cleistanthin cleistanthin: lignan lactone toxic glycoside from Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb); structure. cleistanthin A : A member of the class of cleistanthins that is the 4-O-3,4-di-O-methyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside of 1,3-dihydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4-ol which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7, and a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 9. It is one of the toxic principles in Cleistanthus collinus. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cleistanthins; xylose derivative | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
calcipotriene calcipotriene: a topical dermatologic for the treatment of moderate plaque psoriasis; structure in first source. calcipotriol hydrate : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of calcipotriol. It is used in combination with betamethasone dipropionate, a corticosteroid, for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adult patients. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | hydrate | antipsoriatic |
nimorazole [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
butyrolactone i butyrolactone I: selective inhibitor of cdk2 & cdc2 kinase; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | butenolide | |
b355252 [no description available] | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | ||
chondroitin Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | ||
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 3.9 | 13 | 0 | ascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent |
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. | 10.4 | 20 | 0 | ||
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens. | 8.06 | 5 | 0 | ||
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | ||
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5. | 4.86 | 10 | 0 | ||
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid. | 6.28 | 16 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoate | plant metabolite |
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases. | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist |
piroxicam [no description available] | 3.75 | 10 | 0 | benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines | analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
acenocoumarol Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor |
bactobolin bactobolin: from Pseudomonas sp. BN-183; has MF C14-H20-Cl2-N2-O6; RN given refers to parent cpd(R*)-isomer | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide | |
lfm a13 LFM-A13 : An enamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2Z)-2-cyano-3-hydroxybut-2-enoic acid with the amino group of 2,5-dibromoaniline. It is a dual-function inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and Polo-like kinases (PLK) that exhibits anticancer properties. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; dibromobenzene; enamide; enol; nitrile; secondary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.21 (polo kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide | analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group. | 4.75 | 7 | 1 | benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | |
demeclocycline Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective. | 13.38 | 31 | 4 | ||
phenprocoumon Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor |
l 701324 L 701324: a glycine/NMDA receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
rolitetracycline Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
hispidin hispidin: metabolite of Basidiomycete Polyporus hispidus. hispidin : Fungal metabolite first found in basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus (formerly Polyporus hispidus). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 2-pyranones; catechols | antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; fungal metabolite |
minocycline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
demeclocycline hydrochloride demeclocycline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of demeclocycline. A tetracycline antibiotic, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
lornoxicam lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyridines; thienothiazine | antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
ledermix Ledermix: contains above two cpds | 7.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
lymecycline Lymecycline: A semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE. It is more readily absorbed than TETRACYCLINE and can be used in lower doses.. lymecycline : A tetracycline-based broad-spectrum antibiotic. It is approximately 5000 times more soluble than tetracycline base and is unique amongst tetracyclines in that it is absorbed by the "active transport" process across the intestinal wall. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
almagate pegaptanib: a 28-base ribonucleic acid aptamer covalently linked to two branched 20-kD polyethylene glycol moieties to block the activity of extracellular VEGF, specifically the 165-amino-acid isoform (VEGF165); for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration | 7.49 | 11 | 0 | ||
fluticasone propionate, salmeterol xinafoate drug combination Fluticasone-Salmeterol Drug Combination: A drug combination of fluticasone and salmeterol that is used as an inhaler formulation to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. | 3.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
ajmaline [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
glutaminase [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones. | 4.29 | 6 | 0 | ||
oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X). | 2.85 | 4 | 0 | ||
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS. | 5.17 | 11 | 1 | ||
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
oxyntomodulin Glucagon-Like Peptides: Peptides derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of pancreatic GLUCAGON. Despite expression of proglucagon in multiple tissues, the major production site of glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) is the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLPs include glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon-like peptide 2, and the various truncated forms. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). | 6.13 | 9 | 1 | ||
16-hydroxyprednisolone 16-hydroxyprednisolone: metabolite of budesonide; structure in first source. 16-hydroxyprednisolone : A 16-hydroxy steroid that is prednisolone carrying a hydroxy group at the 16 position. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | ||
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | ||
technetium tc 99m medronate Technetium Tc 99m Medronate: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
apyrase Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate. | 3.87 | 2 | 1 | ||
exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329) | 3.3 | 2 | 0 | ||
entecavir entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol | antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections. | 10.33 | 10 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine | antimetabolite; antiviral drug |
sepiapterin sepiapterin: A substrate of sepiapterin reductase | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | sepiapterin | |
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor |
inosine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient |
3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
isoxanthopterin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxypteridine | |
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160) | 3.49 | 8 | 0 | cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion | angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor |
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. | 3.31 | 6 | 0 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound | adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic |
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | dacarbazine | |
didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
ganciclovir [no description available] | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine | antiinfective agent; antiviral drug |
sildenafil sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide | EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
penciclovir penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; propane-1,3-diols | antiviral drug |
oxypurinol Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolopyrimidine | drug metabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor |
zaprinast zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | triazolopyrimidines | |
raltitrexed [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring. | 3.69 | 10 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound | antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger |
azaguanine Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; triazolopyrimidines | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor |
leucovorin 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | formyltetrahydrofolic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
thiolactomycin thiolactomycin: from actinomycetes; structure given in first source | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
2,4-diaminohypoxanthine 2,4-diaminohypoxanthine: do not confuse abbreviation DAHP with various dehydro-deoxy-arabino-heptulosonic acid phosphates which also use DAHP; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydroxypyrimidine | |
alanosine [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamidoxime 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamidoxime: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenetriol | |
7-deazaguanosine 7-deazaguanosine: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer |
sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil. | 3.12 | 1 | 0 | citrate salt | EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
pyrazofurin pirazofurin : A C-glycosyl compound that is 4-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | C-glycosyl compound; pyrazoles | antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 4.1.1.23 (orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase) inhibitor |
rifabutin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
quazinone [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
8-bromocyclic gmp, sodium salt sodium 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : An organic sodium salt having 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate as the counterion. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | muscle relaxant; protein kinase G agonist |
ag-879 AG-879: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid). | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-quinazolin-4-one [no description available] | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | quinazolines | |
n(10)-methylfolate [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | folic acids | |
5-methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid 5-methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
prodigiosin Prodigiosin: 4-Methoxy-5-((5-methyl-4-pentyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)- 2,2'-bi-1H-pyrrole. A toxic, bright red tripyrrole pigment from Serratia marcescens and others. It has antibacterial, anticoccidial, antimalarial, and antifungal activities, but is used mainly as a biochemical tool.. prodigiosin : A member of the class of tripyrroles that is a red-coloured pigment with antibiotic properties produced by Serratia marcescens. | 3.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
ninopterin ninopterin: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
eye [no description available] | 8.12 | 18 | 1 | ||
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes. | 3.45 | 1 | 1 | ||
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | ||
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
---|---|---|---|---|
Granulomas [description not available] | 0 | 11.47 | 44 | 1 |
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents. | 0 | 6.47 | 44 | 1 |
Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 5.01 | 16 | 0 |
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 5.01 | 16 | 0 |
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 7.08 | 17 | 2 |
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 3.49 | 8 | 0 |
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment. | 0 | 3.49 | 8 | 0 |
Parasite Infections [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 8.99 | 40 | 3 |
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 8.99 | 40 | 3 |
Encephalitis, Polio [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5) | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Adverse Drug Event [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 7 | 0 |
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals. | 0 | 3.38 | 7 | 0 |
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004) | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Contact Dermatitis [description not available] | 0 | 7.56 | 30 | 2 |
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 7.99 | 57 | 0 |
Itching [description not available] | 0 | 9.07 | 22 | 5 |
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms. | 0 | 7.56 | 30 | 2 |
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief. | 0 | 9.07 | 22 | 5 |
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available] | 0 | 9.78 | 27 | 3 |
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans. | 1 | 11.78 | 27 | 3 |
Complication, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 11.32 | 69 | 12 |
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs. | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 0 |
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. | 0 | 11.32 | 69 | 12 |
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries. | 0 | 9.43 | 37 | 4 |
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. | 0 | 9.43 | 37 | 4 |
Central Retinal Edema, Cystoid [description not available] | 0 | 20.41 | 190 | 17 |
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION. | 1 | 21.62 | 141 | 11 |
Macular Edema Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90) | 1 | 22.41 | 190 | 17 |
Adolescent Obesity [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 16.12 | 148 | 31 |
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL). | 0 | 16.12 | 148 | 31 |
Esophageal Stricture [description not available] | 0 | 9.34 | 40 | 4 |
Lichen Ruber Planus [description not available] | 0 | 5.74 | 34 | 0 |
Esophageal Stenosis A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital. | 0 | 9.34 | 40 | 4 |
Lichen Planus An inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin and mucous membranes, which can be either generalized or localized. It is characterized by distinctive purplish, flat-topped papules having a predilection for the trunk and flexor surfaces. The lesions may be discrete or coalesce to form plaques. Histologically, there is a saw-tooth pattern of epidermal hyperplasia and vacuolar alteration of the basal layer of the epidermis along with an intense upper dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of T-cells. Etiology is unknown. | 0 | 5.74 | 34 | 0 |
Harelip [description not available] | 0 | 3.31 | 2 | 0 |
Cleft Palate, Isolated [description not available] | 0 | 4.82 | 13 | 0 |
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available] | 0 | 4.58 | 9 | 0 |
Cleft Lip Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region. | 0 | 3.31 | 2 | 0 |
Cleft Palate Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion. | 0 | 4.82 | 13 | 0 |
Bilateral Headache [description not available] | 0 | 5.44 | 8 | 2 |
Abdominal Migraine [description not available] | 0 | 6.07 | 8 | 4 |
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS. | 0 | 10.44 | 8 | 2 |
Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) | 0 | 6.07 | 8 | 4 |
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available] | 0 | 8.23 | 36 | 1 |
Anasarca [description not available] | 0 | 12.91 | 50 | 11 |
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 3.82 | 4 | 0 |
Hives [description not available] | 0 | 3.67 | 10 | 0 |
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. | 0 | 12.91 | 50 | 11 |
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE. | 0 | 3.82 | 4 | 0 |
Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress. | 0 | 3.67 | 10 | 0 |
Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 13.33 | 74 | 15 |
Nasal Catarrh [description not available] | 0 | 7.75 | 8 | 3 |
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 13.33 | 74 | 15 |
Nasal Polyps Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations. | 1 | 12.31 | 12 | 9 |
Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES. | 0 | 7.75 | 8 | 3 |
Epicondylitis, Lateral Humeral [description not available] | 0 | 13.42 | 43 | 35 |
Tennis Elbow A condition characterized by pain in or near the lateral humeral epicondyle or in the forearm extensor muscle mass as a result of unusual strain. It occurs due repetitive stresses on the elbow from activities such as tennis playing. | 0 | 13.42 | 43 | 35 |
Nail Diseases Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates. | 0 | 7.29 | 13 | 2 |
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available] | 0 | 13.83 | 133 | 11 |
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis. | 1 | 15.83 | 133 | 11 |
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic An elevated scar, resembling a KELOID, but which does not spread into surrounding tissues. It is formed by enlargement and overgrowth of cicatricial tissue and regresses spontaneously. | 0 | 12.1 | 31 | 8 |
Keloid A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues. | 1 | 17 | 102 | 13 |
Acute Symptom Flare [description not available] | 0 | 5.07 | 2 | 1 |
Gout Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi. | 0 | 12.69 | 10 | 1 |
Seroma Tumor-like sterile accumulation of serum in a tissue, organ, or cavity. It results from a tissue insult and is the product of tissue inflammation. It most commonly occurs following MASTECTOMY. | 0 | 5.66 | 4 | 4 |
Bladder Neck Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
Constriction, Pathological [description not available] | 0 | 5.68 | 17 | 1 |
Cancer of Prostate [description not available] | 0 | 4.64 | 6 | 1 |
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions. | 0 | 5.68 | 17 | 1 |
Contracture Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint. | 0 | 5.19 | 11 | 1 |
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE. | 0 | 4.64 | 6 | 1 |
Lacrimal Duct Obstruction Interference with the secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. Obstruction of the LACRIMAL SAC or NASOLACRIMAL DUCT causing acute or chronic inflammation of the lacrimal sac (DACRYOCYSTITIS). It is caused also in infants by failure of the nasolacrimal duct to open into the inferior meatus and occurs about the third week of life. In adults occlusion may occur spontaneously or after injury or nasal disease. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p250) | 0 | 2.61 | 2 | 0 |
Joint Pain [description not available] | 0 | 10.56 | 27 | 11 |
Ache [description not available] | 0 | 17.39 | 105 | 43 |
Coxarthrosis [description not available] | 0 | 9.35 | 12 | 9 |
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 1 | 19.39 | 105 | 43 |
Osteoarthritis, Hip Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion. | 1 | 11.35 | 12 | 9 |
Arthralgia Pain in the joint. | 0 | 10.56 | 27 | 11 |
Bladder Pain Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 6.4 | 7 | 2 |
Cystitis, Interstitial A condition with recurring discomfort or pain in the URINARY BLADDER and the surrounding pelvic region without an identifiable disease. Severity of pain in interstitial cystitis varies greatly and often is accompanied by increased urination frequency and urgency. | 0 | 6.4 | 7 | 2 |
Recrudescence [description not available] | 0 | 13.83 | 106 | 16 |
Lichen Planus, Oral Oral lesions accompanying cutaneous lichen planus or often occurring alone. The buccal mucosa, lips, gingivae, floor of the mouth, and palate are usually affected (in a descending order of frequency). Typically, oral lesions consist of radiating white or gray, velvety, threadlike lines, arranged in a reticular pattern, at the intersection of which there may be minute, white, elevated dots or streaks (Wickham's striae). (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry) | 1 | 7.77 | 7 | 1 |
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 2.59 | 2 | 0 |
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS). | 0 | 2.59 | 2 | 0 |
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed) | 0 | 6.76 | 14 | 1 |
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye. | 0 | 11.16 | 46 | 6 |
Macroglossia The presence of an excessively large tongue, which may be congenital or may develop as a result of a tumor or edema due to obstruction of lymphatic vessels, or it may occur in association with hyperpituitarism or acromegaly. It also may be associated with malocclusion because of pressure of the tongue on the teeth. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992) | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits. | 0 | 8.55 | 9 | 0 |
Surgical Incision [description not available] | 0 | 4.28 | 2 | 1 |
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available] | 0 | 10.07 | 20 | 11 |
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery. | 0 | 10.07 | 20 | 11 |
Branch Vein Occlusion [description not available] | 0 | 10.05 | 25 | 4 |
Retinal Vein Occlusion Blockage of the RETINAL VEIN. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; and other CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. | 1 | 12.05 | 25 | 4 |
Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available] | 0 | 5.24 | 20 | 0 |
Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present. | 0 | 5.24 | 20 | 0 |
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
Esophageal Varices [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea. | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
Esophageal and Gastric Varices Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL). | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. | 0 | 8.47 | 8 | 0 |
Hypermelanosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.49 | 8 | 0 |
Hyperpigmentation Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance. | 0 | 4.49 | 8 | 0 |
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE. | 0 | 8.57 | 33 | 2 |
Episcleritis [description not available] | 0 | 4.24 | 6 | 0 |
Scleritis Refers to any inflammation of the sclera including episcleritis, a benign condition affecting only the episclera, which is generally short-lived and easily treated. Classic scleritis, on the other hand, affects deeper tissue and is characterized by higher rates of visual acuity loss and even mortality, particularly in necrotizing form. Its characteristic symptom is severe and general head pain. Scleritis has also been associated with systemic collagen disease. Etiology is unknown but is thought to involve a local immune response. Treatment is difficult and includes administration of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids. Inflammation of the sclera may also be secondary to inflammation of adjacent tissues, such as the conjunctiva. | 0 | 4.24 | 6 | 0 |
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available] | 0 | 13.55 | 36 | 25 |
Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 8.83 | 14 | 2 |
Arthritis, Juvenile Arthritis in children, with onset before 16 years of age. The terms juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refer to classification systems for chronic arthritis in children. Only one subtype of juvenile arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent. | 0 | 8.83 | 14 | 2 |
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019) | 1 | 15.55 | 36 | 25 |
Exanthem [description not available] | 0 | 5.03 | 15 | 0 |
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 7.92 | 4 | 0 |
Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology. | 0 | 5.03 | 15 | 0 |
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
Angioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that forms a tumor-like mass. Vessels in the angioma may or may not be dilated. | 0 | 9.31 | 41 | 4 |
Hemangioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000) | 0 | 9.31 | 41 | 4 |
Aphthae [description not available] | 0 | 6.81 | 9 | 1 |
Stomatitis, Aphthous A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. Two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742) | 0 | 6.81 | 9 | 1 |
Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues. | 0 | 3.5 | 8 | 0 |
Adhesive Capsulitis [description not available] | 0 | 12.92 | 38 | 18 |
Bursitis Inflammation or irritation of a SYNOVIAL BURSA, the fibrous sac that acts as a cushion between moving structures of bones, muscles, tendons or skin. | 0 | 12.92 | 38 | 18 |
Foreign-Body Reaction Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies. | 0 | 3.53 | 8 | 0 |
Foreign-Body Granuloma [description not available] | 0 | 9.56 | 9 | 0 |
Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available] | 0 | 6.43 | 15 | 1 |
Ocular Hypotension Abnormally low intraocular pressure often related to chronic inflammation (uveitis). | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma. | 0 | 11.43 | 15 | 1 |
Granulomatous Mastitis A rare, benign, inflammatory breast disease occurring in premenopausal women shortly after a recent pregnancy. The origin is unknown but it is commonly mistaken for malignancy and sometimes associated with BREAST FEEDING and the use of ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES. | 0 | 9.42 | 3 | 1 |
Spinal Stenosis Narrowing of the spinal canal. | 0 | 6.09 | 15 | 2 |
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available] | 0 | 6.79 | 20 | 1 |
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS. | 0 | 6.79 | 20 | 1 |
Acne Inversa [description not available] | 0 | 6.83 | 11 | 1 |
Hidradenitis Suppurativa A chronic suppurative and cicatricial disease of the apocrine glands occurring chiefly in the axillae in women and in the groin and anal regions in men. It is characterized by poral occlusion with secondary bacterial infection, evolving into abscesses which eventually rupture. As the disease becomes chronic, ulcers appear, sinus tracts enlarge, fistulas develop, and fibrosis and scarring become evident. | 0 | 6.83 | 11 | 1 |
Nycturia [description not available] | 0 | 4.04 | 2 | 1 |
Nocturia Frequent URINATION at night that interrupts sleep. It is often associated with outflow obstruction, DIABETES MELLITUS, or bladder inflammation (CYSTITIS). | 0 | 4.04 | 2 | 1 |
Cataract, Membranous [description not available] | 0 | 8.48 | 18 | 2 |
Eye Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 5.41 | 24 | 0 |
Infectious Endophthalmitis Infectious condition of the internal eye. | 0 | 5.77 | 14 | 0 |
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 8.48 | 18 | 2 |
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye. | 1 | 7.41 | 24 | 0 |
Endophthalmitis Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection. | 0 | 5.77 | 14 | 0 |
Dermatoses [description not available] | 0 | 11.17 | 154 | 3 |
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS. | 1 | 13.17 | 154 | 3 |
Acne [description not available] | 0 | 5.29 | 13 | 1 |
Sycosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Acne Keloid A type of acneiform disorder in which secondary pyogenic infection in and around pilosebaceous structures ends in keloidal scarring. It manifests as persistent folliculitis of the back of the neck associated with occlusion of the follicular orifices. It is most often encountered in black or Asian men. | 0 | 3.83 | 2 | 1 |
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors. | 0 | 10.29 | 13 | 1 |
Folliculitis Inflammation of follicles, primarily hair follicles. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Hyperplasia, Reactive Lymphoid [description not available] | 0 | 2.98 | 4 | 0 |
Disc, Herniated [description not available] | 0 | 11.28 | 33 | 9 |
Intervertebral Disc Displacement An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region. | 0 | 11.28 | 33 | 9 |
Pink Eye [description not available] | 0 | 4.85 | 8 | 1 |
Benign Mucosal Pemphigoid [description not available] | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA. | 0 | 9.85 | 8 | 1 |
Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane A chronic blistering disease with predilection for mucous membranes and less frequently the skin, and with a tendency to scarring. It is sometimes called ocular pemphigoid because of conjunctival mucous membrane involvement. | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
Coracohumeral Impingement [description not available] | 0 | 12.41 | 26 | 23 |
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome Compression of the ROTATOR CUFF tendons and subacromial bursa between the HUMERAL HEAD and the ACROMION of the SCAPULA. This condition is associated with subacromial BURSITIS, as well as rotator cuff (largely supraspinatus) and bicipital tendon INFLAMMATION. | 0 | 12.41 | 26 | 23 |
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
Sinus Infections [description not available] | 0 | 9.71 | 12 | 6 |
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES. | 1 | 11.71 | 12 | 6 |
Congestive Ophthalmopathy [description not available] | 0 | 5.66 | 6 | 1 |
Exophthalmos Abnormal protrusion of both eyes; may be caused by endocrine gland malfunction, malignancy, injury, or paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye. | 0 | 5.38 | 5 | 1 |
Graves Ophthalmopathy An autoimmune disorder of the EYE, occurring in patients with Graves disease. Subtypes include congestive (inflammation of the orbital connective tissue), myopathic (swelling and dysfunction of the extraocular muscles), and mixed congestive-myopathic ophthalmopathy. | 0 | 10.66 | 6 | 1 |
Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available] | 0 | 3.73 | 10 | 0 |
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available] | 0 | 2.98 | 4 | 0 |
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin. | 0 | 5.02 | 42 | 0 |
Histiocytosis General term for the abnormal appearance of histiocytes in the blood. Based on the pathological features of the cells involved rather than on clinical findings, the histiocytic diseases are subdivided into three groups: HISTIOCYTOSIS, LANGERHANS CELL; HISTIOCYTOSIS, NON-LANGERHANS-CELL; and HISTIOCYTIC DISORDERS, MALIGNANT. | 0 | 2.66 | 2 | 0 |
Regurgitation, Gastric GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX wherein the retrograde flow passes through the UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Back flow of gastric contents to the LARYNGOPHARYNX where it comes in contact with tissues of the upper aerodigestive tract. Laryngopharyngeal reflux is an extraesophageal manifestation of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
Low Back Ache [description not available] | 0 | 12.85 | 53 | 16 |
Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions. | 0 | 17.85 | 53 | 16 |
Musculoskeletal Pain Discomfort stemming from muscles, LIGAMENTS, tendons, and bones. | 0 | 5.12 | 3 | 1 |
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course. | 0 | 10.87 | 29 | 5 |
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available] | 0 | 7.14 | 12 | 3 |
Orthopedic Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.56 | 1 | 1 |
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY. | 0 | 7.14 | 12 | 3 |
Musculoskeletal Diseases Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively. | 0 | 3.56 | 1 | 1 |
Chronic Plantar Fasciitis [description not available] | 0 | 4.99 | 4 | 2 |
Fasciitis, Plantar Inflammation of the plantar fascia (APONEUROSIS) on the bottom of the foot causing heel pain. The etiology of plantar fasciitis remains controversial but is likely to involve a biomechanical imbalance. Though often presenting along with HEEL SPUR, they do not appear to be causally related. | 0 | 4.99 | 4 | 2 |
Dermatitis, Periocular [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 2 | 0 |
Dermatitis, Perioral A papular eruption of unknown etiology that progresses to residual papular erythema and scaling usually confined to the area of the mouth, and almost exclusively occurring in young women. It may also be localized or extend to involve the eyelids and adjacent glabella area of the forehead (periocular dermatitis). (Dorland, 28th ed) | 0 | 2.63 | 2 | 0 |
Blood Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
Phlegmon [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
Dermatitis Exfoliativa [description not available] | 0 | 3.9 | 13 | 0 |
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available] | 0 | 6.01 | 10 | 1 |
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available] | 0 | 3.87 | 12 | 0 |
Group A Strep Infection [description not available] | 0 | 3.47 | 8 | 0 |
Cellulitis An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
Dermatitis, Exfoliative The widespread involvement of the skin by a scaly, erythematous dermatitis occurring either as a secondary or reactive process to an underlying cutaneous disorder (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), or as a primary or idiopathic disease. It is often associated with the loss of hair and nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and pruritus. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 3.9 | 13 | 0 |
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs. | 0 | 6.01 | 10 | 1 |
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS. | 0 | 3.87 | 12 | 0 |
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS. | 0 | 3.47 | 8 | 0 |
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK. | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
Eczema, Atopic [description not available] | 0 | 8.97 | 34 | 8 |
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema. | 1 | 10.97 | 34 | 8 |
Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue [description not available] | 0 | 2.82 | 3 | 0 |
Cancer of Skin [description not available] | 0 | 9.5 | 39 | 4 |
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN. | 0 | 9.5 | 39 | 4 |
Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. Many of the sites of these lymphomas, such as the stomach, salivary gland, and thyroid, are normally devoid of lymphoid tissue. They acquire mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type as a result of an immunologically mediated disorder. | 0 | 2.82 | 3 | 0 |
Aseptic Necrosis of Bone [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
Osteonecrosis Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 5.27 | 4 | 1 |
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic Ischemic injury to the OPTIC NERVE which usually affects the OPTIC DISK (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequently the retrobulbar portion of the nerve (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). The injury results from occlusion of arterial blood supply which may result from TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COLLAGEN DISEASES; EMBOLISM; DIABETES MELLITUS; and other conditions. The disease primarily occurs in the sixth decade or later and presents with the sudden onset of painless and usually severe monocular visual loss. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy also features optic disk edema with microhemorrhages. The optic disk appears normal in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. (Glaser, Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2nd ed, p135) | 1 | 7.27 | 4 | 1 |
Neuralgia, Sciatic [description not available] | 0 | 8.56 | 13 | 3 |
Sciatica A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA. | 0 | 13.56 | 13 | 3 |
Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available] | 0 | 4.01 | 14 | 0 |
Infarct [description not available] | 0 | 2.78 | 3 | 0 |
Amyotrophic Neuralgia [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION. | 0 | 5.7 | 7 | 1 |
Brachial Plexus Neuritis A syndrome associated with inflammation of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS. Clinical features include severe pain in the shoulder region which may be accompanied by MUSCLE WEAKNESS and loss of sensation in the upper extremity. This condition may be associated with VIRUS DISEASES; IMMUNIZATION; SURGERY; heroin use (see HEROIN DEPENDENCE); and other conditions. The term brachial neuralgia generally refers to pain associated with brachial plexus injury. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1355-6) | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
Choroid Neovascularization [description not available] | 0 | 10.1 | 27 | 4 |
Allergic Conjunctivitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 2 | 0 |
Conjunctivitis, Allergic Conjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens. | 0 | 3.38 | 2 | 0 |
Pyoderma Gangrenosum An idiopathic, rapidly evolving, and severely debilitating disease occurring most commonly in association with chronic ulcerative colitis. It is characterized by the presence of boggy, purplish ulcers with undermined borders, appearing mostly on the legs. The majority of cases are in people between 40 and 60 years old. Its etiology is unknown. | 0 | 4.2 | 6 | 0 |
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
Emesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
Colicky Pain [description not available] | 0 | 7.76 | 8 | 1 |
Celiac Artery Compression Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. | 1 | 9.76 | 8 | 1 |
Hay Fever [description not available] | 0 | 9.96 | 27 | 3 |
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS. | 1 | 11.96 | 27 | 3 |
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES; SEZARY SYNDROME; LYMPHOMATOID PAPULOSIS; and PRIMARY CUTANEOUS ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA are the best characterized of these disorders. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
Cochlear Hearing Loss [description not available] | 0 | 2.59 | 2 | 0 |
Deafness, Sudden Complete sensorineural hearing loss which develops suddenly over a period of hours or a few days. | 0 | 2.59 | 2 | 0 |
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM. | 0 | 2.59 | 2 | 0 |
Cushing's Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 6.16 | 32 | 0 |
Diaper Rashes [description not available] | 0 | 3.66 | 3 | 0 |
Cushing Syndrome A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent. | 0 | 6.16 | 32 | 0 |
Diaper Rash A type of irritant dermatitis localized to the area in contact with a diaper and occurring most often as a reaction to prolonged contact with urine, feces, or retained soap or detergent. | 0 | 3.66 | 3 | 0 |
Cancer-Associated Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 2 | 0 |
Bone Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
Cancer Pain Pain that may be caused by or related to cellular, tissue, and systemic changes that occur during NEOPLASM growth, tissue invasion, and METASTASIS. | 0 | 2.63 | 2 | 0 |
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
Nerve Root Avulsion [description not available] | 0 | 12.21 | 51 | 11 |
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY). | 0 | 3.56 | 9 | 0 |
Radiculopathy Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root. | 1 | 14.21 | 51 | 11 |
Flexor Tendon Entrapment [description not available] | 0 | 12.91 | 24 | 15 |
Disease Exacerbation [description not available] | 0 | 10.65 | 23 | 5 |
Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 5.53 | 15 | 1 |
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. | 0 | 5.53 | 15 | 1 |
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available] | 0 | 4.57 | 9 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 4.57 | 9 | 0 |
Licheniform Eruptions [description not available] | 0 | 2.81 | 3 | 0 |
Malignant Melanoma [description not available] | 0 | 4.28 | 4 | 0 |
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA). | 0 | 11.21 | 13 | 1 |
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445) | 1 | 6.28 | 4 | 0 |
Cancer of Stomach [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
Infectious Skin Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 5.3 | 7 | 2 |
Skin Diseases, Infectious Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses. | 0 | 5.3 | 7 | 2 |
Chronic Pancreatitis [description not available] | 0 | 12.9 | 5 | 2 |
Visceral Pain Pain originating from internal organs (VISCERA) associated with autonomic phenomena (PALLOR; SWEATING; NAUSEA; and VOMITING). It often becomes a REFERRED PAIN. | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
Pain, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 7 | 8 | 2 |
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 5.74 | 5 | 0 |
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA). | 0 | 5.74 | 5 | 0 |
Pancreatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse. | 1 | 9.9 | 5 | 2 |
Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain. | 0 | 7 | 8 | 2 |
Postherpetic Neuralgia [description not available] | 0 | 6.19 | 6 | 2 |
Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
Shingles [description not available] | 0 | 7.57 | 21 | 3 |
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
Herpes Zoster An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 7.57 | 21 | 3 |
Neuralgia, Postherpetic Pain in nerves, frequently involving facial SKIN, resulting from the activation the latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). The two forms of the condition preceding the pain are HERPES ZOSTER OTICUS; and HERPES ZOSTER OPHTHALMICUS. Following the healing of the rashes and blisters, the pain sometimes persists. | 0 | 6.19 | 6 | 2 |
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 4.31 | 4 | 1 |
Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum [description not available] | 0 | 2.81 | 3 | 0 |
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. | 0 | 4.31 | 4 | 1 |
Necrobiosis Lipoidica A degenerative disease of the dermal connective tissue characterized by the development of erythematous papules or nodules in the pretibial area. The papules form plaques covered with telangiectatic vessels. More than half of the affected patients have diabetes. | 0 | 7.81 | 3 | 0 |
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy. | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
Chloasma [description not available] | 0 | 4.16 | 3 | 1 |
Melanosis Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease. | 1 | 6.16 | 3 | 1 |
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available] | 0 | 3.5 | 8 | 0 |
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available] | 0 | 14.38 | 101 | 13 |
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated. | 0 | 14.38 | 101 | 13 |
Candida Infection [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Gouty Arthritis [description not available] | 0 | 3.69 | 3 | 0 |
Arthritis, Gouty Arthritis, especially of the great toe, as a result of gout. Acute gouty arthritis often is precipitated by trauma, infection, surgery, etc. The initial attacks are usually monoarticular but later attacks are often polyarticular. Acute and chronic gouty arthritis are associated with accumulation of MONOSODIUM URATE in and around affected joints. | 0 | 3.69 | 3 | 0 |
Granuloma Annulare Benign granulomatous disease of unknown etiology characterized by a ring of localized or disseminated papules or nodules on the skin and palisading histiocytes surrounding necrobiotic tissue resulting from altered collagen structures. | 0 | 9.2 | 6 | 0 |
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction [description not available] | 0 | 8.75 | 24 | 1 |
Spinal Diseases Diseases involving the SPINE. | 0 | 7.19 | 12 | 2 |
Adrenal Insufficiency Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS. | 0 | 8.75 | 24 | 1 |
Glenoid Labral Tears [description not available] | 0 | 5.43 | 7 | 2 |
Rotator Cuff Injuries Injuries to the ROTATOR CUFF of the shoulder joint. | 1 | 7.43 | 7 | 2 |
Hypophysitis Inflammation of the PITUITARY GLAND. | 0 | 7.25 | 1 | 0 |
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available] | 0 | 7.62 | 21 | 3 |
Cheilitis Granulomatosa [description not available] | 0 | 10.72 | 14 | 0 |
Besnier-Boeck Disease [description not available] | 0 | 6.96 | 41 | 0 |
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients. | 0 | 7.62 | 21 | 3 |
Sarcoidosis An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands. | 0 | 6.96 | 41 | 0 |
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
Phimosis A condition in which the FORESKIN cannot be retracted to reveal the GLANS PENIS. It is due to tightness or narrowing of the foreskin opening. | 0 | 6.4 | 8 | 2 |
Xanthoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
Asymptomatic Conditions [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
Congenital Familial Lymphedema [description not available] | 0 | 3.61 | 3 | 0 |
Verruca [description not available] | 0 | 4 | 5 | 0 |
Lymphedema Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes. | 0 | 8.61 | 3 | 0 |
Warts Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin. | 0 | 4 | 5 | 0 |
Laryngeal Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing. | 0 | 4.17 | 5 | 0 |
Anterior Cervical Pain [description not available] | 0 | 5.28 | 6 | 2 |
Tendinitis Inflammation of TENDONS. It is characterized by the degeneration of tendons accompanied by an inflammatory repair response, fibroblastic proliferation, and formation of granulation tissue. Tendinitis is not a clinical diagnosis and can be confirmed only by histopathological findings. | 0 | 13.91 | 24 | 4 |
Hyperkinetic Dysphonia [description not available] | 0 | 4.02 | 2 | 1 |
Symptom Cluster [description not available] | 0 | 10.44 | 33 | 3 |
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex. | 0 | 10.44 | 33 | 3 |
Neck Pain Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck. | 0 | 5.28 | 6 | 2 |
Tendinopathy Clinical syndrome describing overuse tendon injuries characterized by a combination of PAIN, diffuse or localized swelling, and impaired performance. | 0 | 8.91 | 24 | 4 |
Dysphonia Difficulty and/or pain in PHONATION or speaking. | 0 | 4.02 | 2 | 1 |
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment [description not available] | 0 | 7.56 | 28 | 2 |
Retinal Detachment Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12). | 0 | 7.56 | 28 | 2 |
Amaurosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.39 | 8 | 0 |
Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE. | 0 | 4.39 | 8 | 0 |
Equine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 4.66 | 6 | 0 |
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 8.02 | 29 | 2 |
Analgesic Overuse Headache [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 1 | 1 |
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 15.57 | 79 | 3 |
Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans An atrophic and sclerotic condition of the head of the PENIS, glans penis. Sometimes it leads to stenosis and occasionally obliteration of the external meatal orifice. | 0 | 9.85 | 2 | 1 |
Acquired Laryngeal Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.83 | 7 | 1 |
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal. | 0 | 3.34 | 7 | 0 |
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level. | 0 | 3.34 | 7 | 0 |
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
Anterior Urethral Stricture [description not available] | 0 | 7.29 | 9 | 3 |
Urethral Stricture Narrowing of any part of the URETHRA. It is characterized by decreased urinary stream and often other obstructive voiding symptoms. | 0 | 7.29 | 9 | 3 |
Retinal Dystrophies A group of disorders involving predominantly the posterior portion of the ocular fundus, due to degeneration in the sensory layer of the RETINA; RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; BRUCH MEMBRANE; CHOROID; or a combination of these tissues. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available] | 0 | 12.03 | 38 | 9 |
Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms. | 1 | 14.03 | 38 | 9 |
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. | 0 | 5.4 | 24 | 0 |
Atrial Septal Defect [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
Chylopericardium [description not available] | 0 | 6.12 | 17 | 2 |
Pleuropericarditis Inflammation of both the PERICARDIUM and the PLEURA. | 0 | 5.04 | 16 | 0 |
Pericardial Effusion Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE. | 0 | 6.12 | 17 | 2 |
Pericarditis Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS. | 0 | 5.04 | 16 | 0 |
Nerve Pain [description not available] | 0 | 8.1 | 20 | 2 |
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve. | 1 | 10.1 | 20 | 2 |
Burns, Chemical Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS. | 0 | 3.92 | 4 | 0 |
Petechiae Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage. | 0 | 4.38 | 8 | 0 |
Spider Veins [description not available] | 0 | 3.36 | 7 | 0 |
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes. | 0 | 11.35 | 39 | 0 |
Purpura Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is | 0 | 4.38 | 8 | 0 |
Telangiectasis Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (CAPILLARIES; ARTERIOLES; VENULES) creating small focal red lesions, most commonly in the skin or mucous membranes. It is characterized by the prominence of skin blood vessels, such as vascular spiders. | 0 | 3.36 | 7 | 0 |
Inflammatory Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available] | 0 | 2.83 | 3 | 0 |
Dermatitis, Radiation-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 3.81 | 4 | 0 |
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer. | 0 | 2.83 | 3 | 0 |
Radiodermatitis A cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation. | 0 | 3.81 | 4 | 0 |
Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms Metastatic breast cancer characterized by EDEMA and ERYTHEMA of the affected breast due to LYMPHATIC METASTASIS and eventual obstruction of LYMPHATIC VESSELS by the cancer cells. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Stretch Marks [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Koehler Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Striae Distensae Linear dermal scars accompanied by epidermal atrophy that affects skin that is subjected to continuous stretching. They usually do not cause any significant medical problems, only cosmetic problems. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Cronobacter Infections [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Precordial Catch [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Myofascial Trigger Point Pain [description not available] | 0 | 6.82 | 5 | 3 |
Chest Pain Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Myofascial Pain Syndromes Muscular pain in numerous body regions that can be reproduced by pressure on TRIGGER POINTS, localized hardenings in skeletal muscle tissue. Pain is referred to a location distant from the trigger points. A prime example is the TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME. | 0 | 6.82 | 5 | 3 |
Polychondritis, Chronic Atrophic [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Polychondritis, Relapsing An acquired disease of unknown etiology, chronic course, and tendency to recur. It is characterized by inflammation and degeneration of cartilage and can result in deformities such as floppy ear and saddle nose. Loss of cartilage in the respiratory tract can lead to respiratory obstruction. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Dermatitis, Irritant A non-allergic contact dermatitis caused by prolonged exposure to irritants and not explained by delayed hypersensitivity mechanisms. | 0 | 4.22 | 3 | 1 |
Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied. | 0 | 5 | 8 | 0 |
Mole, Skin [description not available] | 0 | 4.29 | 4 | 0 |
Connective Tissue Diseases A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides. | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
Foot Dermatoses Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified. | 0 | 4.62 | 10 | 0 |
Keratoacanthoma A benign, non-neoplastic, usually self-limiting epithelial lesion closely resembling squamous cell carcinoma clinically and histopathologically. It occurs in solitary, multiple, and eruptive forms. The solitary and multiple forms occur on sunlight exposed areas and are identical histologically; they affect primarily white males. The eruptive form usually involves both sexes and appears as a generalized papular eruption. | 0 | 4.46 | 5 | 0 |
Polyarthritis [description not available] | 0 | 10.05 | 77 | 1 |
Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available] | 0 | 8.5 | 49 | 9 |
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS. | 0 | 10.05 | 77 | 1 |
Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed). | 0 | 8.5 | 49 | 9 |
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available] | 0 | 6.8 | 10 | 1 |
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure. | 0 | 6.8 | 10 | 1 |
Hypomelanosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.47 | 8 | 0 |
Hypopigmentation A condition caused by a deficiency or a loss of melanin pigmentation in the epidermis, also known as hypomelanosis. Hypopigmentation can be localized or generalized, and may result from genetic defects, trauma, inflammation, or infections. | 0 | 4.47 | 8 | 0 |
Hair Diseases Diseases affecting the orderly growth and persistence of hair. | 0 | 2.81 | 3 | 0 |
Hyperidrosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Acne Rosacea [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
Mange, Sarcoptic [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
Athlete's Foot [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Hyperhidrosis Excessive sweating. In the localized type, the most frequent sites are the palms, soles, axillae, inguinal folds, and the perineal area. Its chief cause is thought to be emotional. Generalized hyperhidrosis may be induced by a hot, humid environment, by fever, or by vigorous exercise. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Rosacea A cutaneous disorder primarily of convexities of the central part of the FACE, such as FOREHEAD; CHEEK; NOSE; and CHIN. It is characterized by FLUSHING; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA; RHINOPHYMA; papules; and ocular symptoms. It may occur at any age but typically after age 30. There are various subtypes of rosacea: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular (National Rosacea Society's Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea, J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:584-7). | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
Scabies A contagious cutaneous inflammation caused by the bite of the mite SARCOPTES SCABIEI. It is characterized by pruritic papular eruptions and burrows and affects primarily the axillae, elbows, wrists, and genitalia, although it can spread to cover the entire body. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
Tinea Pedis Dermatological pruritic lesion in the feet, caused by Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Pain, Procedural Pain associated with examination, treatment or procedures. | 0 | 3.53 | 1 | 1 |
Complication, Intraoperative [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 4 | 0 |
Degenerative Disc Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.82 | 3 | 0 |
Back Ache [description not available] | 0 | 9.94 | 25 | 7 |
Back Pain Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions. | 0 | 9.94 | 25 | 7 |
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates. | 0 | 2.82 | 3 | 0 |
Microstomia A congenital defect in which the mouth is unusually small. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like. | 0 | 6.95 | 10 | 1 |
Alopecia Circumscripta [description not available] | 0 | 7.7 | 21 | 2 |
Scalp Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the SCALP. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
Alopecia Areata Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas. | 1 | 9.7 | 21 | 2 |
Lipomatosis A disorder characterized by the accumulation of encapsulated or unencapsulated tumor-like fatty tissue resembling LIPOMA. | 0 | 2.96 | 4 | 0 |
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available] | 0 | 2.54 | 2 | 0 |
Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue. | 0 | 3.22 | 6 | 0 |
Tick Bites The effects, both local and systemic, caused by the bites of TICKS. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Bites [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Contagious Pustular Dermatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Conjunctival Diseases Diseases involving the CONJUNCTIVA. | 0 | 3.61 | 9 | 0 |
Angiogranuloma [description not available] | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
Amyotrophy, Thenar, Of Carpal Origin [description not available] | 0 | 10.96 | 18 | 9 |
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Entrapment of the MEDIAN NERVE in the carpal tunnel, which is formed by the flexor retinaculum and the CARPAL BONES. This syndrome may be associated with repetitive occupational trauma (CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS); wrist injuries; AMYLOID NEUROPATHIES; rheumatoid arthritis (see ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID); ACROMEGALY; PREGNANCY; and other conditions. Symptoms include burning pain and paresthesias involving the ventral surface of the hand and fingers which may radiate proximally. Impairment of sensation in the distribution of the median nerve and thenar muscle atrophy may occur. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p45) | 0 | 10.96 | 18 | 9 |
Erythema Migrans, Lingual [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Acquired Nasal Deformities [description not available] | 0 | 3.53 | 1 | 1 |
Apoplexy [description not available] | 0 | 10.91 | 11 | 4 |
Hemiplegia, Crossed [description not available] | 0 | 10.88 | 11 | 4 |
Hemiplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body. | 0 | 10.88 | 11 | 4 |
Shoulder Pain Unilateral or bilateral pain of the shoulder. It is often caused by physical activities such as work or sports participation, but may also be pathologic in origin. | 1 | 22.15 | 37 | 13 |
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810) | 0 | 10.91 | 11 | 4 |
Aspergillus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS. | 0 | 7.71 | 3 | 0 |
Choroid Diseases Disorders of the choroid including hereditary choroidal diseases, neoplasms, and other abnormalities of the vascular layer of the uvea. | 0 | 3.31 | 6 | 0 |
Macular Holes [description not available] | 0 | 6.05 | 10 | 1 |
Retinal Perforations Perforations through the whole thickness of the retina including the macula as the result of inflammation, trauma, degeneration, etc. The concept includes retinal breaks, tears, dialyses, and holes. | 0 | 6.05 | 10 | 1 |
Canine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 5.43 | 8 | 2 |
Mastocytoma, Skin A variant of cutaneous mastocytosis which occurs as a single lesion usually in infants. It is found mostly in the wrist and trunk and there is no atypical cytomorphology. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Arthropathies [description not available] | 0 | 10.41 | 34 | 2 |
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS. | 0 | 10.41 | 34 | 2 |
Esophageal Perforation An opening or hole in the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by TRAUMA, injury, or pathological process. | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
Hangman Fracture [description not available] | 0 | 4.58 | 3 | 0 |
Spinal Fractures Broken bones in the vertebral column. | 0 | 4.58 | 3 | 0 |
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight. | 0 | 4.54 | 5 | 1 |
Day Blindness [description not available] | 0 | 8.87 | 11 | 5 |
Failed Back Surgery Syndrome A condition of persistent pain and discomfort in the BACK and the LEG following lumbar surgery, often seen in patients enrolled in pain centers. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Myoclonic Jerk [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
Sicca Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 4.23 | 3 | 1 |
Asialia [description not available] | 0 | 3.56 | 1 | 1 |
Sjogren's Syndrome Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis. | 0 | 4.23 | 3 | 1 |
Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow. | 0 | 3.56 | 1 | 1 |
Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple A hereditary disease characterized by multiple ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal nevoid and neoplastic anomalies. Facial trichilemmomas and papillomatous papules of the oral mucosa are the most characteristic lesions. Individuals with this syndrome have a high risk of BREAST CANCER; THYROID CANCER; and ENDOMETRIAL CANCER. This syndrome is associated with mutations in the gene for PTEN PHOSPHATASE. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Allergy, Drug [description not available] | 0 | 4.89 | 14 | 0 |
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally. | 0 | 4.89 | 14 | 0 |
Systemic Vasculitis A heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by inflammation and necrosis of the blood vessel walls. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
HIV Coinfection [description not available] | 0 | 5.55 | 15 | 1 |
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). | 0 | 5.55 | 15 | 1 |
Benign Chronic Pemphigus [description not available] | 0 | 2.55 | 2 | 0 |
Rhinophyma A manifestation of severe ROSACEA resulting in significant enlargement of the NOSE and occurring primarily in men. It is caused by hypertrophy of the SEBACEOUS GLANDS and surrounding CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The nose is reddened and marked with TELANGIECTASIS. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
Hand-Schu00FCller-Christian Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.5 | 8 | 0 |
Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Cellulitis, Orbital [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder. | 0 | 3.5 | 8 | 0 |
Hypesthesia Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation. | 0 | 3.87 | 4 | 0 |
Allergic Acute Coronary Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.58 | 2 | 0 |
Blepharitis Inflammation of the eyelids. | 0 | 3.66 | 3 | 0 |
Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion [description not available] | 0 | 2.95 | 4 | 0 |
Retinal Artery Occlusion Sudden ISCHEMIA in the RETINA due to blocked blood flow through the CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY or its branches leading to sudden complete or partial loss of vision, respectively, in the eye. | 0 | 2.95 | 4 | 0 |
Cyst [description not available] | 0 | 6.83 | 15 | 1 |
Injuries, Wrist [description not available] | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
Finger Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the fingers. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
Coronary Artery Vasospasm [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Allergic Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 8.62 | 28 | 3 |
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Coronary Vasospasm Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. | 0 | 13.62 | 28 | 3 |
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). | 0 | 7.87 | 4 | 0 |
Acute Coronary Syndrome An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Pelvic Pain Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin. | 0 | 6.1 | 3 | 2 |
Vaginal Diseases Pathological processes of the VAGINA. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Bacterial Eye Infections [description not available] | 0 | 4.41 | 7 | 0 |
Fibromatosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.31 | 7 | 0 |
Dupuytren's Contracture [description not available] | 0 | 7.62 | 9 | 1 |
Dupuytren Contracture A fibromatosis of the palmar fascia characterized by thickening and contracture of the fibrous bands on the palmar surfaces of the hand and fingers. It arises most commonly in men between the ages of 30 and 50. | 0 | 7.62 | 9 | 1 |
Fibroma A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue. | 0 | 4.31 | 7 | 0 |
Jaw Diseases Diseases involving the JAW. | 0 | 4.07 | 3 | 1 |
Epulides, Giant Cell [description not available] | 0 | 4.76 | 7 | 1 |
Granuloma, Giant Cell A non-neoplastic inflammatory lesion, usually of the jaw or gingiva, containing large, multinucleated cells. It includes reparative giant cell granuloma. Peripheral giant cell granuloma refers to the gingiva (giant cell epulis); central refers to the jaw. | 0 | 4.76 | 7 | 1 |
Intermetatarsal Neuroma [description not available] | 0 | 3.59 | 1 | 1 |
Morton Neuroma A nerve inflammation in the foot caused by chronic compression of the plantar nerve between the METATARSAL BONES. | 0 | 3.59 | 1 | 1 |
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Acquired Form of Epidermolysis Bullosa [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita Form of epidermolysis bullosa characterized by trauma-induced, subepidermal blistering with no family history of the disease. Direct immunofluorescence shows IMMUNOGLOBULIN G deposited at the dermo-epidermal junction. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Bleb [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available] | 0 | 5.51 | 6 | 1 |
Paraneoplastic Syndromes In patients with neoplastic diseases a wide variety of clinical pictures which are indirect and usually remote effects produced by tumor cell metabolites or other products. | 0 | 2.87 | 3 | 0 |
Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen. | 0 | 5.51 | 6 | 1 |
Buckley Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Granulomatosis, Orofacial A condition characterized by persistent or recurrent labial enlargement, ORAL ULCER, and other orofacial manifestations in the absence of identifiable CROHN DISEASE; or SARCOIDOSIS. Among experts there is disagreement on whether orofacial granulomatosis is a distinct clinical disorder or an initial presentation of Crohn disease. | 0 | 3.71 | 3 | 0 |
Job Syndrome Primary immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by recurrent infections and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. Most cases are sporadic. Of the rare familial forms, the dominantly inherited subtype has additional connective tissue, dental and skeletal involvement that the recessive type does not share. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Atypical Cluster Headache [description not available] | 0 | 2.95 | 4 | 0 |
Dysphagia [description not available] | 0 | 10.75 | 18 | 12 |
Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS. | 0 | 10.75 | 18 | 12 |
Vulvitis Inflammation of the VULVA. It is characterized by PRURITUS and painful urination. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Neovascularization, Optic Disc [description not available] | 0 | 8.52 | 12 | 3 |
Retinal Neovascularization Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina. | 0 | 8.52 | 12 | 3 |
Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 9.27 | 7 | 0 |
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Pemphigus Foliaceus [description not available] | 0 | 12.2 | 37 | 1 |
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. | 0 | 4.27 | 7 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Pemphigus Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS. | 0 | 7.2 | 37 | 1 |
Bullous Dermatoses [description not available] | 0 | 3.14 | 5 | 0 |
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used. | 0 | 6.11 | 4 | 1 |
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity. | 0 | 6.11 | 4 | 1 |
Cerebral Nocardiosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
Birdshot Chorioretinitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available] | 0 | 5.42 | 8 | 2 |
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates usually from cells on the surface of the middle and lower third of the ESOPHAGUS. Tumor cells exhibit typical squamous morphology and form large polypoid lesions. Mutations in RNF6, LZTS1, TGFBR2, DEC1, and WWOX1 genes are associated with this cancer. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
Acidosis, Renal Tubular Type IV [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Esophageal Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 4.78 | 2 | 1 |
Esophagitis INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA. | 0 | 5.28 | 4 | 1 |
Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER. | 0 | 4.78 | 2 | 1 |
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum [description not available] | 0 | 3.25 | 6 | 0 |
Keratosis Any horny growth such as a wart or callus. | 0 | 3.25 | 6 | 0 |
Syndrome, VKH (Vogt Koyanagi Harada) [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome A syndrome characterized by bilateral granulomatous UVEITIS with IRITIS and secondary GLAUCOMA, premature ALOPECIA, symmetrical VITILIGO, poliosis circumscripta (a strand of depigmented hair), HEARING DISORDERS, and meningeal signs (neck stiffness and headache). Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid reveals a pattern consistent with MENINGITIS, ASEPTIC. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p748; Surv Ophthalmol 1995 Jan;39(4):265-292) | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
Panuveitis Inflammation in which both the anterior and posterior segments of the uvea are involved and a specific focus is not apparent. It is often severe and extensive and a serious threat to vision. Causes include systemic diseases such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and syphilis, as well as malignancies. The intermediate segment of the eye is not involved. | 0 | 2.79 | 3 | 0 |
Aseptic Necrosis of Femur Head [description not available] | 0 | 4.47 | 5 | 1 |
Lassitude [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
Atypical Lipomatous Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
Liposarcoma A malignant tumor derived from primitive or embryonal lipoblastic cells. It may be composed of well-differentiated fat cells or may be dedifferentiated: myxoid (LIPOSARCOMA, MYXOID), round-celled, or pleomorphic, usually in association with a rich network of capillaries. Recurrences are common and dedifferentiated liposarcomas metastasize to the lungs or serosal surfaces. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
Calciphylaxes [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002) | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS. | 0 | 6.36 | 15 | 1 |
Cutaneous Fistula An abnormal passage or communication leading from an internal organ to the surface of the body. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
Merkel Cell Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell A carcinoma arising from MERKEL CELLS located in the basal layer of the epidermis and occurring most commonly as a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Merkel cells are tactile cells of neuroectodermal origin and histologically show neurosecretory granules. The skin of the head and neck are a common site of Merkel cell carcinoma, occurring generally in elderly patients. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1245) | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 5.89 | 40 | 0 |
Choked Disk [description not available] | 0 | 5.88 | 9 | 1 |
Hemorrhage, Retinal [description not available] | 0 | 5.26 | 4 | 1 |
Hemorrhage, Vitreous [description not available] | 0 | 5.48 | 5 | 1 |
Injuries, Needlestick [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
Eye Injuries, Penetrating Deeply perforating or puncturing type intraocular injuries. | 0 | 2.5 | 2 | 0 |
Papilledema Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175) | 0 | 5.88 | 9 | 1 |
Vitreous Hemorrhage Hemorrhage into the VITREOUS BODY. | 0 | 5.48 | 5 | 1 |
Female Genital Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.99 | 5 | 0 |
Lichen Sclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 5.56 | 6 | 1 |
Genital Diseases, Female Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE). | 0 | 3.99 | 5 | 0 |
Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus A chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease usually affecting the female genitalia (VULVAR LICHEN SCLEROSUS) and BALANITIS XEROTICA OBLITERANS in males. It is also called white spot disease and Csillag's disease. | 0 | 5.56 | 6 | 1 |
Allergic Cutaneous Angiitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Hairy Cell Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Leukemia, Hairy Cell A neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular cells which is considered to be a rare type of chronic leukemia; it is characterized by an insidious onset, splenomegaly, anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, little or no lymphadenopathy, and the presence of hairy or flagellated cells in the blood and bone marrow. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Hamartoma A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm, composed of an overgrowth of mature cells and tissues that normally occur in the affected area. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
Angioleiomyoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
Forestier-Certonciny Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
Hand Dermatosis [description not available] | 0 | 6.54 | 10 | 2 |
Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS. | 0 | 6.54 | 10 | 2 |
Polymyalgia Rheumatica A syndrome in the elderly characterized by proximal joint and muscle pain, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a self-limiting course. Pain is usually accompanied by evidence of an inflammatory reaction. Women are affected twice as commonly as men and Caucasians more frequently than other groups. The condition is frequently associated with GIANT CELL ARTERITIS and some theories pose the possibility that the two diseases arise from a single etiology or even that they are the same entity. | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
Epiretinal Membrane A membrane on the vitreal surface of the retina resulting from the proliferation of one or more of three retinal elements: (1) fibrous astrocytes; (2) fibrocytes; and (3) RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM. Localized epiretinal membranes may occur at the posterior pole of the eye without clinical signs or may cause marked loss of vision as a result of covering, distorting, or detaching the FOVEA CENTRALIS. Epiretinal membranes may cause vascular leakage and secondary retinal edema. In younger individuals some membranes appear to be developmental in origin and occur in otherwise normal eyes. The majority occur in association with RETINAL HOLES, ocular concussions, retinal inflammation, or after ocular surgery. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p291) | 0 | 4.53 | 5 | 1 |
Nearsightedness [description not available] | 0 | 5.43 | 5 | 1 |
Myopia A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness. | 0 | 5.43 | 5 | 1 |
Thromboembolism, Venous [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Venous Thromboembolism Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Breast Diseases Pathological processes of the BREAST. | 0 | 4.76 | 7 | 1 |
Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body. | 0 | 5.24 | 4 | 1 |
Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 5 | 16 | 0 |
Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). | 0 | 5 | 16 | 0 |
Embolus [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
Embolism Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA. | 0 | 5.13 | 17 | 0 |
Borrelia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus BORRELIA. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914) | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Basedow Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
Graves Disease A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy). | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
Myxedema A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (EDEMA) with abnormal deposits of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of THYROID HORMONES. The skin becomes puffy around the eyes and on the cheeks. The face is dull and expressionless with thickened nose and lips. | 0 | 3.82 | 4 | 0 |
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available] | 0 | 6.44 | 44 | 0 |
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow. | 0 | 6.44 | 44 | 0 |
Molluscum Contagiosum A common, benign, usually self-limited viral infection of the skin and occasionally the conjunctivae by a poxvirus (MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM VIRUS). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
Injuries, Eye [description not available] | 0 | 4.21 | 6 | 0 |
Eye Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries. | 0 | 4.21 | 6 | 0 |
Adamantiades-Behcet Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.54 | 5 | 1 |
Erythema Nodosum An erythematous eruption commonly associated with drug reactions or infection and characterized by inflammatory nodules that are usually tender, multiple, and bilateral. These nodules are located predominantly on the shins with less common occurrence on the thighs and forearms. They undergo characteristic color changes ending in temporary bruise-like areas. This condition usually subsides in 3-6 weeks without scarring or atrophy. | 0 | 4.04 | 3 | 1 |
Behcet Syndrome Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well. | 0 | 4.54 | 5 | 1 |
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 7.98 | 18 | 2 |
Mandibular Diseases Diseases involving the MANDIBLE. | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment. | 0 | 4.74 | 7 | 0 |
De Quervain Disease Stenosing tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons in the first dorsal wrist compartment. The presenting symptoms are usually pain and tenderness at the radial styloid. The cause is almost always related to OVERUSE INJURY or is associated with RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. | 0 | 5.06 | 9 | 1 |
Angiitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.13 | 5 | 0 |
Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. | 0 | 3.13 | 5 | 0 |
Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 3.73 | 11 | 0 |
Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45) | 0 | 3.73 | 11 | 0 |
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve [description not available] | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
Macrophage Activation Syndrome A serious complication of childhood systemic inflammatory disorders that is thought to be caused by excessive activation and proliferation of T-LYMPHOCYTES and MACROPHAGES. It is seen predominantly in children with systemic onset JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS. | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
Neuroretinitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Ocular Toxoplasmosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
Retinitis Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis). | 0 | 7.66 | 3 | 0 |
Toxoplasmosis, Ocular Infection caused by the protozoan parasite TOXOPLASMA in which there is extensive connective tissue proliferation, the retina surrounding the lesions remains normal, and the ocular media remain clear. Chorioretinitis may be associated with all forms of toxoplasmosis, but is usually a late sequel of congenital toxoplasmosis. The severe ocular lesions in infants may lead to blindness. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
Pterygium An abnormal triangular fold of membrane in the interpalpebral fissure, extending from the conjunctiva to the cornea, being immovably united to the cornea at its apex, firmly attached to the sclera throughout its middle portion, and merged with the conjunctiva at its base. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 3.47 | 1 | 1 |
Polyps Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base. | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 3.99 | 14 | 0 |
Wasting Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection. | 0 | 10.77 | 8 | 1 |
Tenosynovitis Inflammation of the synovial lining of a tendon sheath. Causes include trauma, tendon stress, bacterial disease (gonorrhea, tuberculosis), rheumatic disease, and gout. Common sites are the hand, wrist, shoulder capsule, hip capsule, hamstring muscles, and Achilles tendon. The tendon sheaths become inflamed and painful, and accumulate fluid. Joint mobility is usually reduced. | 0 | 9.26 | 25 | 2 |
DRESS Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
Pyrexia [description not available] | 0 | 3.22 | 6 | 0 |
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process. | 0 | 3.22 | 6 | 0 |
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity. | 0 | 7.65 | 3 | 0 |
Dermatosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 8.69 | 10 | 0 |
Scleroderma, Localized A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules. | 0 | 3.69 | 10 | 0 |
Mushroom Poisoning Poisoning from ingestion of mushrooms, primarily from, but not restricted to, toxic varieties. | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes. | 0 | 8.14 | 23 | 1 |
Leg Ulcer Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Disseminated [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast. | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available] | 0 | 6.11 | 6 | 0 |
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH. | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug. | 0 | 6.11 | 6 | 0 |
Inferior Dislocation [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
Central Serous Retinopathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.76 | 3 | 0 |
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy A visual impairment characterized by the accumulation of fluid under the retina through a defect in the retinal pigment epithelium. | 0 | 2.76 | 3 | 0 |
Allergic Rhinitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal [description not available] | 0 | 7.5 | 11 | 3 |
Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc. | 1 | 9.5 | 11 | 3 |
Rhinitis, Allergic An inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA triggered by ALLERGENS. | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell Group of disorders which feature accumulations of active HISTIOCYTES and LYMPHOCYTES, but where the histiocytes are not LANGERHANS CELLS. The group includes HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS; SINUS HISTIOCYTOSIS; xanthogranuloma; reticulohistiocytoma; JUVENILE XANTHOGRANULOMA; xanthoma disseminatum; as well as the lipid storage diseases (SEA-BLUE HISTIOCYTE SYNDROME; and NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES). | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS. | 0 | 7.08 | 1 | 0 |
Plica Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 8.86 | 14 | 4 |
Bone Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 4.64 | 3 | 2 |
Synovitis Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE. | 0 | 8.86 | 14 | 4 |
Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Pigmented [description not available] | 0 | 5.38 | 5 | 1 |
Cancer of Nose [description not available] | 0 | 3.84 | 2 | 1 |
Carcinoma, Basal Cell A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471) | 0 | 5.38 | 5 | 1 |
Granuloma, Plasma Cell, Orbital [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
Orbital Pseudotumor A nonspecific tumor-like inflammatory lesion in the ORBIT of the eye. It is usually composed of mature LYMPHOCYTES; PLASMA CELLS; MACROPHAGES; LEUKOCYTES with varying degrees of FIBROSIS. Orbital pseudotumors are often associated with inflammation of the extraocular muscles (ORBITAL MYOSITIS) or inflammation of the lacrimal glands (DACRYOADENITIS). | 1 | 4.43 | 2 | 0 |
Amyloidosis, Hereditary [description not available] | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
Genetic Skin Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
Amyloidosis, Familial Diseases in which there is a familial pattern of AMYLOIDOSIS. | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
Facies The appearance of the face that is often characteristic of a disease or pathological condition, as the elfin facies of WILLIAMS SYNDROME or the mongoloid facies of DOWN SYNDROME. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed) | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
Failure to Thrive A condition of substandard growth or diminished capacity to maintain normal function. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Abnormality, Heart [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Familial Turner Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Brachmann-De Lange Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Broad Thumb-Hallux Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Acantholytic Dyskeratotic Epidermal Nevi [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
De Lange Syndrome A syndrome characterized by growth retardation, severe MENTAL RETARDATION, short stature, a low-pitched growling cry, brachycephaly, low-set ears, webbed neck, carp mouth, depressed nasal bridge, bushy eyebrows meeting at the midline, hirsutism, and malformations of the hands. The condition may occur sporadically or be associated with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance or duplication of the long arm of chromosome 3. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p231) | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Noonan Syndrome A genetically heterogeneous, multifaceted disorder characterized by short stature, webbed neck, ptosis, skeletal malformations, hypertelorism, hormonal imbalance, CRYPTORCHIDISM, multiple cardiac abnormalities (most commonly including PULMONARY VALVE STENOSIS), and some degree of INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. The phenotype bears similarities to that of TURNER SYNDROME that occurs only in females and has its basis in a 45, X karyotype abnormality. Noonan syndrome occurs in both males and females with a normal karyotype (46,XX and 46,XY). Mutations in a several genes (PTPN11, KRAS, SOS1, NF1 and RAF1) have been associated the NS phenotype. Mutations in PTPN11 are the most common. LEOPARD SYNDROME, a disorder that has clinical features overlapping those of Noonan Syndrome, is also due to mutations in PTPN11. In addition, there is overlap with the syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome due to mutations in NF1. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome A chromosomal disorder characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION, broad thumbs, webbing of fingers and toes, beaked nose, short upper lip, pouting lower lip, agenesis of corpus callosum, large foramen magnum, keloid formation, pulmonary stenosis, vertebral anomalies, chest wall anomalies, sleep apnea, and megacolon. The disease has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and is associated with deletions of the short arm of chromosome 16 (16p13.3). | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Cervical Spondylosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Spondylosis A degenerative spinal disease that can involve any part of the VERTEBRA, the INTERVERTEBRAL DISK, and the surrounding soft tissue. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 8.71 | 7 | 2 |
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 2 | 0 |
Dermatomycoses Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi. | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 4.03 | 5 | 0 |
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause. | 0 | 3.39 | 2 | 0 |
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION. | 0 | 4.03 | 5 | 0 |
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA. | 1 | 10.71 | 7 | 2 |
Urethritis Inflammation involving the URETHRA. Similar to CYSTITIS, clinical symptoms range from vague discomfort to painful urination (DYSURIA), urethral discharge, or both. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available] | 0 | 4.26 | 7 | 0 |
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903) | 0 | 4.26 | 7 | 0 |
Cranial Nerve II Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Dehiscence, Surgical Wound [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Burning Mouth Syndrome A group of painful oral symptoms associated with a burning or similar sensation. There is usually a significant organic component with a degree of functional overlay; it is not limited to the psychophysiologic group of disorders. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Uveal Diseases Diseases of the uvea. | 0 | 4.05 | 5 | 0 |
Vision, Diminished [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 2 | 0 |
Iris Diseases Diseases, dysfunctions, or disorders of or located in the iris. | 0 | 3.32 | 2 | 0 |
Bilateral Diffuse Uveal Melanocytic Proliferation, Paraneoplastic [description not available] | 0 | 3.01 | 1 | 0 |
Ainhum Spontaneous autoamputation of the fourth or fifth toe. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 3.61 | 3 | 0 |
Orbital Neoplasms Neoplasms of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball. | 0 | 4 | 14 | 0 |
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Rupture, Spontaneous Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force. | 0 | 3.4 | 2 | 0 |
Injuries, Tendon [description not available] | 0 | 7.1 | 12 | 1 |
Spondylisthesis [description not available] | 0 | 3.83 | 2 | 1 |
Entrapment Neuropathies [description not available] | 0 | 7.01 | 11 | 3 |
Injuries, Knee [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
Knee Injuries Injuries to the knee or the knee joint. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
Cancer of Head [description not available] | 0 | 4.05 | 5 | 0 |
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651) | 0 | 4.05 | 5 | 0 |
Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body. | 0 | 5.31 | 13 | 0 |
Acidosis, Diabetic [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Diabetic Ketoacidosis A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Benign Intracranial Hypertension [description not available] | 0 | 4.25 | 7 | 0 |
Pseudotumor Cerebri A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS). | 0 | 4.25 | 7 | 0 |
Lichen Myxedematosus [description not available] | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
Corneal Endothelial Cell Damage [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Glaucoma, Neovascular A form of secondary glaucoma which develops as a consequence of another ocular disease and is attributed to the forming of new vessels in the angle of the anterior chamber. | 0 | 5.27 | 4 | 1 |
Toxocariasis Infection by round worms of the genus TOXOCARA, usually found in wild and domesticated cats and dogs and foxes, except for the larvae, which may produce visceral and ocular larva migrans in man. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Pulsatile Tinnitus [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Tinnitus A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Autoimmune Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.39 | 8 | 0 |
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides. | 0 | 4.39 | 8 | 0 |
Hip Dislocation Displacement of the femur bone from its normal position at the HIP JOINT. | 0 | 3.48 | 1 | 1 |
Pelvic Floor Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 4.41 | 1 | 1 |
Muscle Pain [description not available] | 0 | 4.41 | 1 | 1 |
Anus Diseases Diseases involving the ANUS. | 0 | 7.32 | 5 | 2 |
Myalgia Painful sensation in the muscles. | 0 | 4.41 | 1 | 1 |
Facial Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the FACE. | 0 | 7.71 | 21 | 2 |
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
Vasculitis, Retinal [description not available] | 0 | 2.76 | 3 | 0 |
Retinal Vasculitis Inflammation of the retinal vasculature with various causes including infectious disease; LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; BEHCET SYNDROME; and CHORIORETINITIS. | 0 | 2.76 | 3 | 0 |
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Subacute [description not available] | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID). | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Cancer of Kidney [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Bechterew Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Pyogenic Sacroiliitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Psoriasis Arthropathica [description not available] | 0 | 4.73 | 7 | 1 |
Spondylitis, Ankylosing A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Arthritis, Psoriatic A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor. | 0 | 4.73 | 7 | 1 |
Spondylarthropathies Heterogeneous group of arthritic diseases sharing clinical and radiologic features. They are associated with the HLA-B27 ANTIGEN and some with a triggering infection. Most involve the axial joints in the SPINE, particularly the SACROILIAC JOINT, but can also involve asymmetric peripheral joints. Subsets include ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; and others. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Lipodystrophy A collection of heterogenous conditions resulting from defective LIPID METABOLISM and characterized by ADIPOSE TISSUE atrophy. Often there is redistribution of body fat resulting in peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. They include generalized, localized, congenital, and acquired lipodystrophy. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Bigfoot Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.76 | 3 | 0 |
Leg Dermatoses A nonspecific term used to denote any cutaneous lesion or group of lesions, or eruptions of any type on the leg. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 4.87 | 8 | 1 |
Vulvovaginitis Inflammation of the VULVA and the VAGINA, characterized by discharge, burning, and PRURITUS. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Bacterial Skin Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Skin Diseases, Bacterial Skin diseases caused by bacteria. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Salivary Gland Diseases Diseases involving the SALIVARY GLANDS. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
Neoplasms, Vascular [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Discitis Inflammation of an INTERVERTEBRAL DISC or disk space which may lead to disk erosion. Until recently, discitis has been defined as a nonbacterial inflammation and has been attributed to aseptic processes (e.g., chemical reaction to an injected substance). However, recent studies provide evidence that infection may be the initial cause, but perhaps not the promoter, of most cases of discitis. Discitis has been diagnosed in patients following discography, myelography, lumbar puncture, paravertebral injection, and obstetrical epidural anesthesia. Discitis following chemonucleolysis (especially with chymopapain) is attributed to chemical reaction by some and to introduction of microorganisms by others. | 0 | 3.84 | 2 | 1 |
Esophagitis, Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
Injuries, Radiation [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
Chronic Esophagitis, Eosinophilic [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Esophagitis, Peptic INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
Eosinophilic Esophagitis Chronic ESOPHAGITIS characterized by esophageal mucosal EOSINOPHILIA. It is diagnosed when an increase in EOSINOPHILS are present over the entire esophagus. The reflux symptoms fail to respond to PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS treatment, unlike in GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE. The symptoms are associated with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to food or inhalant allergens. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Orbital Diseases Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball. | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
Mouth Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
Oral Ulcer A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842) | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH. | 0 | 4.95 | 15 | 0 |
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Auricular Fibrillation [description not available] | 0 | 4.18 | 3 | 1 |
Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation. | 0 | 4.18 | 3 | 1 |
Mandibular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MANDIBLE. | 0 | 3.45 | 2 | 0 |
Giant Cell Tumor of Bone A bone tumor composed of cellular spindle-cell stroma containing scattered multinucleated giant cells resembling osteoclasts. The tumors range from benign to frankly malignant lesions. The tumor occurs most frequently in an end of a long tubular bone in young adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 3.03 | 1 | 0 |
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available] | 0 | 6.22 | 13 | 1 |
Facial Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE. | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
Cheilitis Inflammation of the lips. It is of various etiologies and degrees of pathology. | 0 | 11.07 | 11 | 1 |
Vascular Malformations A spectrum of congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities in BLOOD VESSELS that can adversely affect the normal blood flow in ARTERIES or VEINS. Most are congenital defects such as abnormal communications between blood vessels (fistula), shunting of arterial blood directly into veins bypassing the CAPILLARIES (arteriovenous malformations), formation of large dilated blood blood-filled vessels (cavernous angioma), and swollen capillaries (capillary telangiectases). In rare cases, vascular malformations can result from trauma or diseases. | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Ciliary Dyskinesia, Primary, 1 [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Paronychia An inflammatory reaction involving the folds of the skin surrounding the fingernail. It is characterized by acute or chronic purulent, tender, and painful swellings of the tissues around the nail, caused by an abscess of the nail fold. The pathogenic yeast causing paronychia is most frequently Candida albicans. Saprophytic fungi may also be involved. The causative bacteria are usually Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Streptococcus. (Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p271) | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
Epidermal Cyst Intradermal or subcutaneous saclike structure, the wall of which is stratified epithelium containing keratohyalin granules. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
Infections, Staphylococcal Skin [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Staphylococcal Skin Infections Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL. | 0 | 5.26 | 4 | 3 |
Piriformis Muscle Syndrome A chronic PELVIC PAIN characterized by pain deep in the buttock that may radiate to posterior aspects of the leg. It is caused by the piriformis muscle compressing or irritating the SCIATIC NERVE due to trauma, hypertrophy, inflammation or anatomic variations. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
Nevus Flammeus [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Wounds, Stab Penetrating wounds caused by a pointed object. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Abdominal Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Port-Wine Stain A vascular malformation of developmental origin characterized pathologically by ectasia of superficial dermal capillaries, and clinically by persistent macular erythema. In the past, port wine stains have frequently been termed capillary hemangiomas, which they are not; unfortunately this confusing practice persists: HEMANGIOMA, CAPILLARY is neoplastic, a port-wine stain is non-neoplastic. Port-wine stains vary in color from fairly pale pink to deep red or purple and in size from a few millimeters to many centimeters in diameter. The face is the most frequently affected site and they are most often unilateral. (From Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 5th ed, p483) | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Brachial Plexopathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.54 | 2 | 0 |
Brachial Plexus Neuropathies Diseases of the cervical (and first thoracic) roots, nerve trunks, cords, and peripheral nerve components of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS. Clinical manifestations include regional pain, PARESTHESIA; MUSCLE WEAKNESS, and decreased sensation (HYPESTHESIA) in the upper extremity. These disorders may be associated with trauma (including BIRTH INJURIES); THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME; NEOPLASMS; NEURITIS; RADIOTHERAPY; and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1351-2) | 0 | 2.54 | 2 | 0 |
Concomitant Strabismus [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Brown Tendon Sheath Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
Strabismus Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641) | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Peripheral Nerve Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
Neuroma A tumor made up of nerve cells and nerve fibers. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 8.98 | 5 | 0 |
Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from peripheral nerve tissue. This includes NEUROFIBROMAS; SCHWANNOMAS; GRANULAR CELL TUMORS; and malignant peripheral NERVE SHEATH NEOPLASMS. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp1750-1) | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
Dermatitis, Contact, Phototoxic [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
Abnormalities, Congenital [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 7 | 0 |
Abortion, Tubal [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Abortion, Spontaneous Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Infant, Small for Gestational Age An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
Allodynia [description not available] | 0 | 7.75 | 3 | 0 |
Shoulder Injuries Injuries involving the SHOULDERS and SHOULDER JOINT. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Acute Generalised Exanthematous Pustulosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.79 | 3 | 0 |
Cancer of Liver [description not available] | 0 | 5.64 | 7 | 1 |
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. | 0 | 5.64 | 7 | 1 |
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 2 | 0 |
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 4.27 | 4 | 1 |
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms. | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
Infections, Mycobacterium [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
Mycobacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
Uveitis, Anterior Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced. | 0 | 4.47 | 5 | 1 |
Pus [description not available] | 0 | 3.79 | 4 | 0 |
Lumbar Osteoarthritis [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
Osteoarthritis, Spine A degenerative joint disease involving the SPINE. It is characterized by progressive deterioration of the spinal articular cartilage (CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR), usually with hardening of the subchondral bone and outgrowth of bone spurs (OSTEOPHYTE). | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
Genu Valga [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Adult Rickets [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Rachitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Maxillary Neoplasms Cancer or tumors of the MAXILLA or upper jaw. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
Giant Cell Tumors Tumors of bone tissue or synovial or other soft tissue characterized by the presence of giant cells. The most common are giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and GIANT CELL TUMOR OF BONE. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Osteomalacia Disorder caused by an interruption of the mineralization of organic bone matrix leading to bone softening, bone pain, and weakness. It is the adult form of rickets resulting from disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Hypophosphatemia A condition of an abnormally low level of PHOSPHATES in the blood. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 5.48 | 16 | 1 |
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues. | 0 | 5.48 | 16 | 1 |
Autosomal Hemophilia A [description not available] | 0 | 3.6 | 3 | 0 |
Hemarthrosis Bleeding into the joints. It may arise from trauma or spontaneously in patients with hemophilia. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Hemophilia A The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage. | 0 | 3.6 | 3 | 0 |
Vitiligo A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached. | 1 | 7.15 | 6 | 2 |
Drusen, Retinal [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Wet Macular Degeneration A form of RETINAL DEGENERATION in which abnormal CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION occurs under the RETINA and MACULA LUTEA, causing bleeding and leaking of fluid. This leads to bulging and or lifting of the macula and the distortion or destruction of central vision. | 1 | 4.15 | 1 | 0 |
Laryngitis Inflammation of the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA, including the VOCAL CORDS. Laryngitis is characterized by irritation, edema, and reduced pliability of the mucosa leading to VOICE DISORDERS such as APHONIA and HOARSENESS. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Smoking Cessation Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING. | 0 | 3.41 | 2 | 0 |
Hyperlipemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood. | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
Bladder Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
Mucositis, Oral [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Stomatitis INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP. | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Synovial Cyst Non-neoplastic tumor-like lesions at joints, developed from the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE of a joint through the JOINT CAPSULE into the periarticular tissues. They are filled with SYNOVIAL FLUID with a smooth and translucent appearance. A synovial cyst can develop from any joint, but most commonly at the back of the knee, where it is known as POPLITEAL CYST. | 0 | 4.68 | 11 | 0 |
Auditory Vertigo [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
Meniere Disease A disease of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is characterized by fluctuating SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; TINNITUS; episodic VERTIGO; and aural fullness. It is the most common form of endolymphatic hydrops. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Vertigo An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1) | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 A form of multiple endocrine neoplasia that is characterized by the combined occurrence of tumors in the PARATHYROID GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the PANCREATIC ISLETS. The resulting clinical signs include HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; HYPERCALCEMIA; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; CUSHING DISEASE; GASTRINOMA; and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. This disease is due to loss-of-function of the MEN1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene (GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR) on CHROMOSOME 11 (Locus: 11q13). | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Cancer of Duodenum [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Gastrin-Producing Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome A syndrome that is characterized by the triad of severe PEPTIC ULCER, hypersecretion of GASTRIC ACID, and GASTRIN-producing tumors of the PANCREAS or other tissue (GASTRINOMA). This syndrome may be sporadic or be associated with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Gastrinoma A GASTRIN-secreting neuroendocrine tumor of the non-beta ISLET CELLS, the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS. This type of tumor is primarily located in the PANCREAS or the DUODENUM. Majority of gastrinomas are malignant. They metastasize to the LIVER; LYMPH NODES; and BONE but rarely elsewhere. The presence of gastrinoma is one of three requirements to be met for identification of ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME, which sometimes occurs in families with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1; (MEN 1). | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Microphthalmia [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
Microglossia [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Cervicogenic Headache [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Intertrochanteric Fractures [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Hip Fractures Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES). | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Acrocephaly Premature closing of the lambdoid and coronal sutures. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
Craniosynostoses Premature closure of one or more CRANIAL SUTURES. It often results in plagiocephaly. Craniosynostoses that involve multiple sutures are sometimes associated with congenital syndromes such as ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLIA; and CRANIOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
External Ear Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 5.15 | 6 | 2 |
Otitis Externa Inflammation of the OUTER EAR including the external EAR CANAL, cartilages of the auricle (EAR CARTILAGE), and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE. | 0 | 10.15 | 6 | 2 |
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Mycosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Hemangioma, Capillary A dull red, firm, dome-shaped hemangioma, sharply demarcated from surrounding skin, usually located on the head and neck, which grows rapidly and generally undergoes regression and involution without scarring. It is caused by proliferation of immature capillary vessels in active stroma, and is usually present at birth or occurs within the first two or three months of life. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 3.8 | 11 | 0 |
Bernard Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy A chronic, acquired, idiopathic, progressive eruption of the skin that occurs in the context of RENAL FAILURE. It is sometimes accompanied by systemic fibrosis. The pathogenesis seems to be multifactorial, with postulated involvement of circulating fibrocytes. There is a strong association between this disorder and the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Cold Fingers, Hereditary [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available] | 0 | 4.65 | 11 | 0 |
Raynaud Disease An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA. | 0 | 4.65 | 11 | 0 |
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Urinary Incontinence Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Dysesthesia [description not available] | 0 | 3.07 | 5 | 0 |
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 5.47 | 26 | 0 |
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 4.59 | 6 | 1 |
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity. | 0 | 8.06 | 5 | 0 |
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. | 0 | 4.59 | 6 | 1 |
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 4.94 | 15 | 0 |
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG. | 0 | 4.94 | 15 | 0 |
Astigmatism Unequal curvature of the refractive surfaces of the eye. Thus a point source of light cannot be brought to a point focus on the retina but is spread over a more or less diffuse area. This results from the radius of curvature in one plane being longer or shorter than the radius at right angles to it. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
Eyelid Neoplasms Tumors of cancer of the EYELIDS. | 0 | 4.38 | 21 | 0 |
Athletic Injuries Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports. | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
Paralysis, Legs [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
Paraplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
Corneal Dystrophies [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 7 | 0 |
Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative Vitreoretinal membrane shrinkage or contraction secondary to the proliferation of primarily retinal pigment epithelial cells and glial cells, particularly fibrous astrocytes, followed by membrane formation. The formation of fibrillar collagen and cellular proliferation appear to be the basis for the contractile properties of the epiretinal and vitreous membranes. | 0 | 3.39 | 7 | 0 |
Bladder, Overactive [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Urinary Bladder, Overactive Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. URINARY INCONTINENCE may or may not be present. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Cancer of the Retina [description not available] | 0 | 4.35 | 4 | 1 |
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Dermatitis Seborrheica [description not available] | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
Dermatitis, Seborrheic A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS. | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. | 0 | 5.29 | 13 | 0 |
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 4.29 | 4 | 1 |
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 4.29 | 4 | 1 |
Chalazia [description not available] | 0 | 6.77 | 5 | 2 |
Chalazion A non-neoplastic cyst of the MEIBOMIAN GLANDS of the eyelid. | 0 | 6.77 | 5 | 2 |
Algodystrophic Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy A syndrome characterized by severe burning pain in an extremity accompanied by sudomotor, vasomotor, and trophic changes in bone without an associated specific nerve injury. This condition is most often precipitated by trauma to soft tissue or nerve complexes. The skin over the affected region is usually erythematous and demonstrates hypersensitivity to tactile stimuli and erythema. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1360; Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33) | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
Malassezia furfur Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris A chronic skin disease characterized by small follicular papules, disseminated reddish-brown scaly patches, and often, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. The papules are about the size of a pin and topped by a horny plug. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
Tinea Versicolor A common chronic, noninflammatory and usually symptomless disorder, characterized by the occurrence of multiple macular patches of all sizes and shapes, and varying in pigmentation from fawn-colored to brown. It is seen most frequently in hot, humid, tropical regions and is mostly caused by MALASSEZIA FURFUR (formerly Pityrosporum orbiculare). | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
Blood Pressure, High [description not available] | 0 | 6 | 20 | 0 |
Destombes-Rosai-Dorfman Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. | 0 | 6 | 20 | 0 |
Histiocytosis, Sinus Benign, non-Langerhans-cell, histiocytic proliferative disorder that primarily affects the lymph nodes. It is often referred to as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Ulnar Nerve Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Medial Neuropathy, Distal [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Fusiform Aneurysm Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS. | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
Aneurysm Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics. | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
Bone Fractures [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Injuries, Neck [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Angioneurotic Edema [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Angioedema Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available] | 0 | 7.74 | 3 | 0 |
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION. | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Stasis Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Varicose Ulcer Skin breakdown or ulceration in the drainage area of a VARICOSE VEIN, usually in the leg. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Fasciitis, Necrotizing A fulminating bacterial infection of the deep layers of the skin and FASCIA. It can be caused by many different organisms, with STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES being the most common. | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
Absence Seizure [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Hyponatremia Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 7.65 | 3 | 0 |
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder. | 0 | 7.87 | 4 | 0 |
Arterial Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
Connective Tissue Disease, Mixed [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure. | 0 | 3.33 | 7 | 0 |
Amputation, Traumatic Loss of a limb or other bodily appendage by accidental injury. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Auricular Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
Ear Deformities, Acquired Distortion or disfigurement of the ear caused by disease or injury after birth. | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
Ear Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of any part of the hearing and equilibrium system of the body (the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR). | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
Temporomandibular Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 5.23 | 6 | 2 |
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600) | 0 | 5.23 | 6 | 2 |
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 2 | 0 |
Papulosquamous Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 2 | 0 |
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population. | 0 | 3.37 | 2 | 0 |
Stenosing Tendovaginitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.83 | 2 | 1 |
Tendon Entrapment Narrowing or stenosis of a tendon's retinacular sheath. It occurs most often in the hand or wrist but can also be found in the foot or ankle. The most common types are DE QUERVAIN DISEASE and TRIGGER FINGER DISORDER. | 0 | 3.83 | 2 | 1 |
Granuloma of Larynx [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Actinic Keratosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.43 | 1 | 1 |
Keratosis, Actinic White or pink lesions on the arms, hands, face, or scalp that arise from sun-induced DNA DAMAGE to KERATINOCYTES in exposed areas. They are considered precursor lesions to superficial SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. | 0 | 3.43 | 1 | 1 |
Cancer of Eye [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 5.43 | 5 | 1 |
Fallot's Tetralogy [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Tetralogy of Fallot A combination of congenital heart defects consisting of four key features including VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS; PULMONARY STENOSIS; RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; and a dextro-positioned AORTA. In this condition, blood from both ventricles (oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor) is pumped into the body often causing CYANOSIS. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Ametropia [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
Refractive Errors Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
Ileal Diseases Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE. | 0 | 4.39 | 2 | 2 |
Jejunal Diseases Pathological development in the JEJUNUM region of the SMALL INTESTINE. | 0 | 3.44 | 1 | 1 |
Calcaneal Spur [description not available] | 0 | 7.37 | 2 | 0 |
Compression Fractures [description not available] | 0 | 2.97 | 1 | 0 |
Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot. | 0 | 4.4 | 8 | 0 |
Lip Diseases Diseases involving the LIP. | 0 | 5.24 | 4 | 1 |
Gestational Pemphigoid [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC). | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
Cyclitis, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 4.87 | 4 | 2 |
Pars Planitis Form of granulomatous uveitis occurring in the region of the pars plana. This disorder is a common condition with no detectable focal pathology. It causes fibrovascular proliferation at the inferior ora serrata. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
Uveitis, Intermediate Inflammation of the pars plana, ciliary body, and adjacent structures. | 0 | 4.87 | 4 | 2 |
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type [description not available] | 0 | 4.65 | 11 | 0 |
Dermatomyositis A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6) | 0 | 4.65 | 11 | 0 |
Scotoma A localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. This occurs with a variety of EYE DISEASES (e.g., RETINAL DISEASES and GLAUCOMA); OPTIC NERVE DISEASES, and other conditions. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
Infection, Wound [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Pruritus Vulvae Intense itching of the external female genitals. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Dyspareunia Recurrent genital pain occurring during, before, or after SEXUAL INTERCOURSE in either the male or the female. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
Epulides [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
Pocket, Periodontal [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Hemorrhage, Gingival [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Gingival Diseases Diseases involving the GINGIVA. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
Gingival Hemorrhage The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Periodontal Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Ocular Infections [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
Uveitis, Sympathetic [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
Ophthalmia, Sympathetic Granulomatous uveitis which follows in one eye after a penetrating injury to the other eye; the secondarily affected eye is called the sympathizing eye, and the injured eye is called the exciting or activating eye. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
Eye Infections Infection, moderate to severe, caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses, which occurs either on the external surface of the eye or intraocularly with probable inflammation, visual impairment, or blindness. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
Femoracetabular Impingement A pathological mechanical process that can lead to hip failure. It is caused by abnormalities of the ACETABULUM and/or FEMUR combined with rigorous hip motion, leading to repetitive collisions that damage the soft tissue structures. | 0 | 3.45 | 1 | 1 |
Iliotibial Band Syndrome An overuse injury causing lateral knee pain that results from repetitive friction of the iliotibial band over the lateral femoral epicondyle. | 0 | 3.45 | 1 | 1 |
Impotence [description not available] | 0 | 3.36 | 2 | 0 |
Penile Diseases Pathological processes involving the PENIS or its component tissues. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction. | 0 | 3.36 | 2 | 0 |
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Wallerian Degeneration Degeneration of distal aspects of a nerve axon following injury to the cell body or proximal portion of the axon. The process is characterized by fragmentation of the axon and its MYELIN SHEATH. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Mycosis Fungoides A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected. | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
Neuralgia, Pudendal [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Segond Fracture [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
Bone Stress Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 2 | 0 |
Intra-Articular Fractures Fractures of the articular surface of a bone. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
Baker Cyst [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
Diseases, Occupational [description not available] | 0 | 3.07 | 5 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
Multiple Primary Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.32 | 2 | 0 |
Carcinoma in Situ A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane. | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
Craniofacial Pain [description not available] | 0 | 4.39 | 2 | 2 |
Facial Pain Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES. | 0 | 4.39 | 2 | 2 |
Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
Cornea Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Corneal Angiogenesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Eye Burns Injury to any part of the eye by extreme heat, chemical agents, or ultraviolet radiation. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Corneal Neovascularization New blood vessels originating from the corneal blood vessels and extending from the limbus into the adjacent CORNEAL STROMA. Neovascularization in the superficial and/or deep corneal stroma is a sequel to numerous inflammatory diseases of the ocular anterior segment, such as TRACHOMA, viral interstitial KERATITIS, microbial KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS, and the immune response elicited by CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Corneal Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the CORNEA by external means. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Cancer of Mouth [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
Pseudophakia Presence of an intraocular lens after cataract extraction. | 0 | 3.87 | 4 | 0 |
Complications, Neoplastic Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Angiolipoma A benign neoplasm composed of a mixture of adipose tissue and blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 7.44 | 2 | 0 |
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Tracheal Stenosis A pathological narrowing of the TRACHEA. | 0 | 7.88 | 4 | 0 |
Cardiac Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.56 | 9 | 0 |
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities. | 0 | 3.56 | 9 | 0 |
Tachycardia, Ventricular An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation). | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Hiccough [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
Neurologic Voice Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Voice Disorders Pathological processes that affect voice production, usually involving VOCAL CORDS and the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA. Voice disorders can be caused by organic (anatomical), or functional (emotional or psychological) factors leading to DYSPHONIA; APHONIA; and defects in VOICE QUALITY, loudness, and pitch. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Nasal Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 4 | 0 |
Tooth Mobility Horizontal and, to a lesser degree, axial movement of a tooth in response to normal forces, as in occlusion. It refers also to the movability of a tooth resulting from loss of all or a portion of its attachment and supportive apparatus, as seen in periodontitis, occlusal trauma, and periodontosis. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p507 & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p313) | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Tooth Diseases Diseases involving the TEETH. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
SAPHO Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.46 | 1 | 1 |
Acquired Hyperostosis Syndrome Syndrome consisting of SYNOVITIS; ACNE CONGLOBATA; PALMOPLANTAR PUSTULOSIS; HYPEROSTOSIS; and OSTEITIS. The most common site of the disease is the upper anterior chest wall, characterized by predominantly osteosclerotic lesions, hyperostosis, and arthritis of the adjacent joints. The association of sterile inflammatory bone lesions and neutrophilic skin eruptions is indicative of this syndrome. | 0 | 3.46 | 1 | 1 |
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used. | 0 | 4.47 | 5 | 1 |
Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Granulomatosis, Wegener's [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis A multisystemic disease of a complex genetic background. It is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels (VASCULITIS) leading to damage in any number of organs. The common features include granulomatous inflammation of the RESPIRATORY TRACT and KIDNEYS. Most patients have measurable autoantibodies (ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES) against MYELOBLASTIN. | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Fungal Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.96 | 5 | 0 |
Fungemia The presence of fungi circulating in the blood. Opportunistic fungal sepsis is seen most often in immunosuppressed patients with severe neutropenia or in postoperative patients with intravenous catheters and usually follows prolonged antibiotic therapy. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI. | 0 | 3.96 | 5 | 0 |
Eczema, Dyshidrotic A recurrent eczematous reaction characterized by the development of vesicular eruptions on the palms and soles, particularly along the sides and between the digits. It is accompanied by pruritus, a burning sensation, and hyperhidrosis. The disease is self-limiting, lasting only a few weeks. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating A slowly progressive autoimmune demyelinating disease of peripheral nerves and nerve roots. Clinical manifestations include weakness and sensory loss in the extremities and enlargement of peripheral nerves. The course may be relapsing-remitting or demonstrate a step-wise progression. Protein is usually elevated in the spinal fluid and cranial nerves are typically spared. GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME features a relatively rapid progression of disease which distinguishes it from this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1337) | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Anoxemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
Balanitis Inflammation of the head of the PENIS, glans penis. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
Bowen Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5) | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Low Bone Density [description not available] | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE. | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
Ear Diseases Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body. | 0 | 5.88 | 9 | 1 |
Bronchial Hyperreactivity Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory. | 0 | 7.55 | 7 | 5 |
Lupus Erythematosus Panniculitis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 4.12 | 6 | 0 |
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested. | 0 | 4.12 | 6 | 0 |
Carditis [description not available] | 0 | 4.37 | 8 | 0 |
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies. | 0 | 4.37 | 8 | 0 |
Choroiditis Inflammation of the choroid. | 0 | 8.82 | 4 | 0 |
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
Cytomegalovirus Infections Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 11.12 | 12 | 1 |
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death. | 0 | 6.12 | 12 | 1 |
Parakeratosis Persistence of the nuclei of the keratinocytes into the stratum corneum of the skin. This is a normal state only in the epithelium of true mucous membranes in the mouth and vagina. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 3.34 | 2 | 0 |
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Cancer of Lung [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG. | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
Gait Disorders, Animal [description not available] | 0 | 3.84 | 4 | 0 |
Diseases of Immune System [description not available] | 0 | 3.32 | 7 | 0 |
Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both. | 0 | 3.32 | 7 | 0 |
Rheumatism [description not available] | 0 | 11.07 | 28 | 4 |
Rheumatic Diseases Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement. | 0 | 16.07 | 28 | 4 |
Muscular Dystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 3.25 | 2 | 0 |
Familial Periodic Paralysis [description not available] | 0 | 3.77 | 4 | 0 |
Muscular Dystrophies A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS. | 0 | 3.25 | 2 | 0 |
Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown. | 0 | 3.72 | 11 | 0 |
Peritoneal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Hepatitis, Infectious [description not available] | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available] | 0 | 3.32 | 7 | 0 |
Liver Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 4.47 | 9 | 0 |
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER. | 0 | 4.46 | 9 | 0 |
Hepatitis A INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water. | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules. | 0 | 8.32 | 7 | 0 |
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER. | 0 | 9.47 | 9 | 0 |
Dermatitis, Poison Ivy [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Muscle Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 6.74 | 43 | 0 |
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE. | 0 | 6.74 | 43 | 0 |
Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction. | 0 | 5.77 | 36 | 0 |
Sunburn An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. | 0 | 7.34 | 2 | 0 |
Thyroiditis Inflammatory diseases of the THYROID GLAND. Thyroiditis can be classified into acute (THYROIDITIS, SUPPURATIVE), subacute (granulomatous and lymphocytic), chronic fibrous (Riedel's), chronic lymphocytic (HASHIMOTO DISEASE), transient (POSTPARTUM THYROIDITIS), and other AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS subtypes. | 0 | 6.93 | 1 | 0 |
De Quervain Thyroiditis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Thyroiditis, Subacute Spontaneously remitting inflammatory condition of the THYROID GLAND, characterized by FEVER; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; SORE THROAT; severe thyroid PAIN; and an enlarged damaged gland containing GIANT CELLS. The disease frequently follows a viral infection. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Elevated ICP (Intracranial Pressure) [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Intracranial Hypertension Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders. | 0 | 6.93 | 1 | 0 |
Koch's Disease [description not available] | 0 | 5.05 | 17 | 0 |
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available] | 0 | 3.95 | 14 | 0 |
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. | 0 | 5.05 | 17 | 0 |
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung. | 0 | 3.95 | 14 | 0 |
Behavior Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction [description not available] | 0 | 3.96 | 5 | 0 |
Adrenocortical Hyperfunction Excess production of ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE. Hyperadrenal syndromes include CUSHING SYNDROME; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and VIRILISM. | 0 | 3.96 | 5 | 0 |
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
Addison's Disease [description not available] | 0 | 7.85 | 4 | 0 |
Addison Disease, X-Linked [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Hypoadrenocorticism, Familial Hereditary forms of Addison disease that may exhibit autosomal recessive or X-linked inheritance. They are characterized by severe neurological symptoms, APNEA; and death in infancy. OMIM: 240200 | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Addison Disease An adrenal disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the ADRENAL CORTEX, resulting in insufficient production of ALDOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Clinical symptoms include ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; WEIGHT LOSS; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; and HYPERPIGMENTATION of the SKIN due to increase in circulating levels of ACTH precursor hormone which stimulates MELANOCYTES. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
Vaginal Discharge A common gynecologic disorder characterized by an abnormal, nonbloody discharge from the genital tract. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Collagen Diseases Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that collagen was equivalent to connective tissue, but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term collagen diseases now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494) | 0 | 10.59 | 13 | 0 |
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary Sarcoidosis affecting predominantly the lungs, the site most frequently involved and most commonly causing morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by sharply circumscribed granulomas in the alveolar, bronchial, and vascular walls, composed of tightly packed cells derived from the mononuclear phagocyte system. The clinical symptoms when present are dyspnea upon exertion, nonproductive cough, and wheezing. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p431) | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Leukocyte Disorders Disordered formation of various types of leukocytes or an abnormal accumulation or deficiency of these cells. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Aspiculariasis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Cardiac Failure [description not available] | 0 | 4.24 | 7 | 0 |
Adrenal Cortex Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL CORTEX. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 4.24 | 7 | 0 |
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [description not available] | 0 | 3.55 | 9 | 0 |
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders. | 0 | 3.55 | 9 | 0 |
Adrenogenital Syndrome Abnormal SEX DIFFERENTIATION or congenital DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT caused by abnormal levels of steroid hormones expressed by the GONADS or the ADRENAL GLANDS, such as in CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA and ADRENAL CORTEX NEOPLASMS. Due to abnormal steroid biosynthesis, clinical features include VIRILISM in females; FEMINIZATION in males; or precocious sexual development in children. | 0 | 7.63 | 3 | 0 |
Acute Rheumatic Fever [description not available] | 0 | 9.99 | 16 | 0 |
Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. | 0 | 4.36 | 8 | 0 |
Adenohypophyseal Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Pituitary Diseases Disorders involving either the ADENOHYPOPHYSIS or the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. These diseases usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PITUITARY HORMONES. Neoplastic pituitary masses can also cause compression of the OPTIC CHIASM and other adjacent structures. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Tuberculosis, Miliary An acute form of TUBERCULOSIS in which minute tubercles are formed in a number of organs of the body due to dissemination of the bacilli through the blood stream. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Lupus Erythematosus, Chronic Cutaneous [description not available] | 0 | 4.08 | 16 | 0 |
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid A chronic form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS) in which the skin lesions mimic those of the systemic form but in which systemic signs are rare. It is characterized by the presence of discoid skin plaques showing varying degrees of edema, erythema, scaliness, follicular plugging, and skin atrophy. Lesions are surrounded by an elevated erythematous border. The condition typically involves the face and scalp, but widespread dissemination may occur. | 0 | 4.08 | 16 | 0 |
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI. | 0 | 11.26 | 14 | 1 |
Respiration Disorders Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Hydrothorax A collection of watery fluid in the pleural cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Chorea Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Chorea Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Atrophy, Muscle [description not available] | 0 | 3.97 | 14 | 0 |
Clubbed Fingers [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Muscular Atrophy Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation. | 0 | 3.97 | 14 | 0 |
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright. | 0 | 4.36 | 8 | 0 |
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. | 0 | 9.36 | 8 | 0 |
Hemorrhoids Swollen veins in the lower part of the RECTUM or ANUS. Hemorrhoids can be inside the anus (internal), under the skin around the anus (external), or protruding from inside to outside of the anus. People with hemorrhoids may or may not exhibit symptoms which include bleeding, itching, and pain. | 1 | 3.93 | 1 | 0 |
Centriacinar Emphysema [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
Emphysema A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs. | 0 | 7.34 | 2 | 0 |
Colitis Gravis [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Peptic Ulcer Perforation Penetration of a PEPTIC ULCER through the wall of DUODENUM or STOMACH allowing the leakage of luminal contents into the PERITONEAL CAVITY. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
Infectious Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 7.85 | 4 | 0 |
Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available] | 0 | 3.55 | 3 | 0 |
Blood Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.55 | 3 | 0 |
Leucocythaemia [description not available] | 0 | 4.13 | 17 | 0 |
Germinoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 7 | 0 |
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN. | 0 | 3.32 | 7 | 0 |
Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES). | 0 | 3.55 | 3 | 0 |
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues. | 0 | 3.55 | 3 | 0 |
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006) | 0 | 9.13 | 17 | 0 |
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. | 0 | 3.33 | 7 | 0 |
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Erythema Multiforme A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms. | 0 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 |
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis. | 0 | 7.64 | 3 | 0 |
Prurigo A name applied to several itchy skin eruptions of unknown cause. The characteristic course is the formation of a dome-shaped papule with a small transient vesicle on top, followed by crusting over or lichenification. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 7.34 | 2 | 0 |
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available] | 0 | 3.65 | 10 | 0 |
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts. | 0 | 3.65 | 10 | 0 |
Amyotonia Congenita [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Neuromuscular Diseases A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA. | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Enlarged Spleen [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Chronic Bronchitis [description not available] | 0 | 6.93 | 1 | 0 |
Bronchitis, Chronic A subcategory of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. The disease is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus accompanied by a chronic (more than 3 months in 2 consecutive years) productive cough. Infectious agents are a major cause of chronic bronchitis. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Fox-Fordyce Disease Chronic pruritic disease, usually in women, characterized by small follicular papular eruptions in APOCRINE GLANDS areas. It is caused by obstruction and rupture of intraepidermal apocrine ducts. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Dental Pulp Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.71 | 7 | 1 |
Inflammation, Endodontic [description not available] | 0 | 7.83 | 17 | 5 |
Dental Pulp Diseases Endodontic diseases of the DENTAL PULP inside the tooth, which is distinguished from PERIAPICAL DISEASES of the tissue surrounding the root. | 0 | 4.71 | 7 | 1 |
Pulpitis Inflammation of the DENTAL PULP, usually due to bacterial infection in dental caries, tooth fracture, or other conditions causing exposure of the pulp to bacterial invasion. Chemical irritants, thermal factors, hyperemic changes, and other factors may also cause pulpitis. | 0 | 12.83 | 17 | 5 |
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Acute Idiopathic Facial Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Facial Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 |
Bell Palsy A syndrome characterized by the acute onset of unilateral FACIAL PARALYSIS which progresses over a 2-5 day period. Weakness of the orbicularis oculi muscle and resulting incomplete eye closure may be associated with corneal injury. Pain behind the ear often precedes the onset of paralysis. This condition may be associated with HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN infection of the facial nerve. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1376) | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Essential Polyarteritis [description not available] | 0 | 4.11 | 6 | 0 |
Reproductive Sterility [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Sterility, Female [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
Fallopian Tube Diseases Diseases involving the FALLOPIAN TUBES including neoplasms (FALLOPIAN TUBE NEOPLASMS); SALPINGITIS; tubo-ovarian abscess; and blockage. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Infertility A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
Poisoning, Lead [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Eye Manifestations Ocular disorders attendant upon non-ocular disease or injury. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Purpura, Thrombopenic [description not available] | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic Any form of purpura in which the PLATELET COUNT is decreased. Many forms are thought to be caused by immunological mechanisms. | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
Basophilic Leukemia, Acute [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute A rare acute myeloid leukemia in which the primary differentiation is to BASOPHILS. It is characterized by an extreme increase of immature basophilic granulated cells in the bone marrow and blood. Mature basophils are usually sparse. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Hand Deformities Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the hand. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 |
B Virus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.) | 0 | 8.2 | 6 | 0 |
Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Lichen Simplex Chronicus [description not available] | 0 | 3.73 | 11 | 0 |
Pityriasis A name originally applied to a group of skin diseases characterized by the formation of fine, branny scales, but now used only with a modifier. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
Neurodermatitis An extremely variable eczematous skin disease that is presumed to be a response to prolonged vigorous scratching, rubbing, or pinching to relieve intense pruritus. It varies in intensity, severity, course, and morphologic expression in different individuals. Neurodermatitis is believed by some to be psychogenic. The circumscribed or localized form is often referred to as lichen simplex chronicus. | 0 | 3.73 | 11 | 0 |
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Cardiac Edema [description not available] | 0 | 6.93 | 1 | 0 |
Edema, Cardiac Abnormal fluid retention by the body due to impaired cardiac function or heart failure. It is usually characterized by increase in venous and capillary pressure, and swollen legs when standing. It is different from the generalized edema caused by renal dysfunction (NEPHROTIC SYNDROME). | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Bronchial Pneumonia [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Infection [description not available] | 0 | 4.71 | 7 | 0 |
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases. | 0 | 4.71 | 7 | 0 |
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Tongue, Hairy A benign condition of the tongue characterized by hypertrophy of the filiform papillae that give the dorsum of the tongue a furry appearance. The color of the elongated papillae varies from yellowish white to brown or black, depending upon staining by substances such as tobacco, food, or drugs. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Infection, Toxoplasma gondii [description not available] | 0 | 3.26 | 2 | 0 |
Toxoplasmosis The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man. | 0 | 3.26 | 2 | 0 |
Sebaceous Gland Diseases Diseases of the sebaceous glands such as sebaceous hyperplasia and sebaceous cell carcinoma (SEBACEOUS GLAND NEOPLASMS). | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Fibromyalgia A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95) | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Bouillaud Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.46 | 9 | 0 |
Rheumatic Heart Disease Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM. | 0 | 4.46 | 9 | 0 |
Hansen Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.43 | 5 | 1 |
Leprosy A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid. | 0 | 9.43 | 5 | 1 |
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Elaeophoriasis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Filariasis Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face. | 0 | 6.93 | 1 | 0 |
Intestinal Perforation Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Spondylitis Inflammation of the SPINE. This includes both arthritic and non-arthritic conditions. | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
Keratoconjunctivitis Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Thrombocytopathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Thrombopenia [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Blood Platelet Disorders Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Primary Myelofibrosis A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Emaciation Clinical manifestation of excessive LEANNESS usually caused by disease or a lack of nutrition (MALNUTRITION). | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Candidiasis, Cutaneous Candidiasis of the skin manifested as eczema-like lesions of the interdigital spaces, perleche, or chronic paronychia. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Monilethrix Rare autosomal dominant disorder of the hair shaft. The clinical features of the disease include HYPOTRICHOSIS, dry, and/or brittle hair, with varying degrees of ALOPECIA. Mutations in the hair-specific keratin genes KRTHB1, KRTHB3, or KRTHB6 are associated with monilethrix. Autosomal recessive monilethrix with limited HYPOTRICHOSIS are also known. Mutations in Dsg4, Liph, and P2ry5 protein genes are associated with the recessive form of monilethrix. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Chicken Pox [description not available] | 0 | 3.78 | 4 | 0 |
Armstrong Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Rubeola [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Viral Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.26 | 2 | 0 |
Chickenpox A highly contagious infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). It usually affects children, is spread by direct contact or respiratory route via droplet nuclei, and is characterized by the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of successive crops of typical pruritic vesicular lesions that are easily broken and become scabbed. Chickenpox is relatively benign in children, but may be complicated by pneumonia and encephalitis in adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 3.78 | 4 | 0 |
Measles A highly contagious infectious disease caused by MORBILLIVIRUS, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses. | 0 | 3.26 | 2 | 0 |
Glomerulonephritis, Minimal Change [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA. | 0 | 8.73 | 11 | 0 |
Nephrosis, Lipoid A kidney disease with no or minimal histological glomerular changes on light microscopy and with no immune deposits. It is characterized by lipid accumulation in the epithelial cells of KIDNEY TUBULES and in the URINE. Patients usually show NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA with accompanying EDEMA. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians [description not available] | 0 | 5.28 | 13 | 0 |
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available] | 0 | 5.21 | 20 | 0 |
Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis. | 0 | 5.21 | 20 | 0 |
Granular Cell Myoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Muscle Tissue Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Breathlessness [description not available] | 0 | 4.95 | 3 | 1 |
Asthma, Cardiac [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing. | 0 | 4.95 | 3 | 1 |
Leukocytopenia [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000). | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Duhring Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Dermatitis Herpetiformis Rare, chronic, papulo-vesicular disease characterized by an intensely pruritic eruption consisting of various combinations of symmetrical, erythematous, papular, vesicular, or bullous lesions. The disease is strongly associated with the presence of HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 antigens. A variety of different autoantibodies has been detected in small numbers in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Kidney Stones [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Adrenal Gland Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS. | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Nail Abnormalities [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Focal Infection An infection at a specific location that may spread to another region of the body. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Digitate Dermatosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Parapsoriasis The term applied to a group of relatively uncommon inflammatory, maculopapular, scaly eruptions of unknown etiology and resistant to conventional treatment. Eruptions are both psoriatic and lichenoid in appearance, but the diseases are distinct from psoriasis, lichen planus, or other recognized dermatoses. Proposed nomenclature divides parapsoriasis into two distinct subgroups, PITYRIASIS LICHENOIDES and parapsoriasis en plaques (small- and large-plaque parapsoriasis). | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Psychoses [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Cold Panniculitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Panniculitis, Nodular Nonsuppurative A form of panniculitis characterized by recurrent episodes of fever accompanied by the eruption of single or multiple erythematous subcutaneous nodules on the lower extremities. They normally resolve, but tend to leave depressions in the skin. The condition is most often seen in women, alone or in association with other disorders. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994) | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Periarthritis Inflammation of the tissues around a joint. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 11.03 | 11 | 1 |
Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 3.78 | 4 | 0 |
Clasp-Knife Spasticity [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Potassium Deficiency A condition due to decreased dietary intake of potassium, as in starvation or failure to administer in intravenous solutions, or to gastrointestinal loss in diarrhea, chronic laxative abuse, vomiting, gastric suction, or bowel diversion. Severe potassium deficiency may produce muscular weakness and lead to paralysis and respiratory failure. Muscular malfunction may result in hypoventilation, paralytic ileus, hypotension, muscle twitches, tetany, and rhabomyolysis. Nephropathy from potassium deficit impairs the concentrating mechanism, producing POLYURIA and decreased maximal urinary concentrating ability with secondary POLYDIPSIA. (Merck Manual, 16th ed) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Muscle Spasticity A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a free interval) followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Kaposi Sarcoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Sarcoma, Kaposi A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Soft Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis [description not available] | 0 | 4.58 | 6 | 0 |
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies [description not available] | 0 | 4.58 | 6 | 0 |
Myasthenia Gravis A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition. | 0 | 4.58 | 6 | 0 |
Myositis Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue. | 0 | 4.58 | 6 | 0 |
Histoplasma capsulatum Infection [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
Histoplasmosis Infection resulting from exposure to the fungus HISTOPLASMA. It is worldwide in distribution and particularly common in the central and eastern states, especially areas around the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys. | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
Infectious Myelitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Neuritis A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA. | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Leukokeratosis Leukoplakic lesions related to abnormal keratin fiber formation. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Kraurosis Vulvae [description not available] | 0 | 4.66 | 2 | 1 |
Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus Atrophy and shriveling of the SKIN of the VULVA that is characterized by the whitish LICHEN SCLEROSUS appearance, inflammation, and PRURITUS. | 0 | 4.66 | 2 | 1 |
Leukoplakia A white patch lesion found on a MUCOUS MEMBRANE that cannot be scraped off. Leukoplakia is generally considered a precancerous condition, however its appearance may also result from a variety of HEREDITARY DISEASES. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Moniliasis, Oral [description not available] | 0 | 5.18 | 4 | 1 |
Candidiasis, Oral Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 5.18 | 4 | 1 |
Goiter Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Erythroblastosis Fetalis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Calcium Metabolism Disorders Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders Disorders in the processing of phosphorus in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Sprains [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Sprains and Strains A collective term for muscle and ligament injuries without dislocation or fracture. A sprain is a joint injury in which some of the fibers of a supporting ligament are ruptured but the continuity of the ligament remains intact. A strain is an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Anemia, Hypoplastic [description not available] | 0 | 3.44 | 8 | 0 |
Aplasia Pure Red Cell [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Thymic [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Anemia, Aplastic A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements. | 0 | 3.44 | 8 | 0 |
Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure Suppression of erythropoiesis with little or no abnormality of leukocyte or platelet production. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Thymoma A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Agranulocytosis A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS). | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Adenitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Onchocerciasis Infection with nematodes of the genus ONCHOCERCA. Characteristics include the presence of firm subcutaneous nodules filled with adult worms, PRURITUS, and ocular lesions. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Meningitis, Tuberculous [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Bone Tuberculosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Tuberculosis, Meningeal A form of bacterial meningitis caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or rarely MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The organism seeds the meninges and forms microtuberculomas which subsequently rupture. The clinical course tends to be subacute, with progressions occurring over a period of several days or longer. Headache and meningeal irritation may be followed by SEIZURES, cranial neuropathies, focal neurologic deficits, somnolence, and eventually COMA. The illness may occur in immunocompetent individuals or as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION in the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunodeficiency syndromes. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-9) | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
External Ophthalmoplegia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Polyradiculitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Polyradiculopathy Disease or injury involving multiple SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Polyradiculitis refers to inflammation of multiple spinal nerve roots. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Urinary Incontinence, Stress Involuntary discharge of URINE as a result of physical activities that increase abdominal pressure on the URINARY BLADDER without detrusor contraction or overdistended bladder. The subtypes are classified by the degree of leakage, descent and opening of the bladder neck and URETHRA without bladder contraction, and sphincter deficiency. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Uterine Prolapse Downward displacement of the UTERUS. It is classified in various degrees: in the first degree the UTERINE CERVIX is within the vaginal orifice; in the second degree the cervix is outside the orifice; in the third degree the entire uterus is outside the orifice. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Catarrh Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous in humans or animals. Catarrh is used mostly in a historical context. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Common Cold A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Diseases of Endocrine System [description not available] | 0 | 4.24 | 4 | 0 |
Hyperthyroid [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 7 | 0 |
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Endocrine System Diseases Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES. | 0 | 4.24 | 4 | 0 |
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE. | 0 | 3.33 | 7 | 0 |
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Brain Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Bruise [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Indigestion [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Glycosuria The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA). | 0 | 3.33 | 7 | 0 |
Hypomenorrhea [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Contusions Injuries resulting in hemorrhage, usually manifested in the skin. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Boils [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Gastric Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Metastase [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Kahler Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
Cancer of Parotid [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
Parotid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Aura [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 8.15 | 13 | 1 |
Psychoses, Drug [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313) | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves. | 0 | 8.15 | 13 | 1 |
Acute Membranous Gingivitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Gingivitis Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Familial Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Glandular Fever [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Infectious Mononucleosis A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Organophosphorus Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Organophosphate Poisoning Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Pityriasis Rosea A mild exanthematous inflammation of unknown etiology. It is characterized by the presence of salmon-colored maculopapular lesions. The most striking feature is the arrangement of the lesions such that the long axis is parallel to the lines of cleavage. The eruptions are usually generalized, affecting chiefly the trunk, and the course is often self-limiting. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Hyperpotassemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Hyperkalemia Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Angor Pectoris [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Chondritis, Costal [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Infections, Respiratory [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Eosinophilic Granuloma The most benign and common form of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis which involves localized nodular lesions predominantly of the bones but also of the gastric mucosa, small intestine, lungs, or skin, with infiltration by EOSINOPHILS. | 0 | 3.07 | 5 | 0 |
Bagassosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhaled dust from processing SUGARCANE (bagasse), usually in the manufacturing of wallboard. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Pneumoconiosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. | 1 | 5.96 | 5 | 0 |
Mitral Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Mitral Valve Stenosis Narrowing of the passage through the MITRAL VALVE due to FIBROSIS, and CALCINOSIS in the leaflets and chordal areas. This elevates the left atrial pressure which, in turn, raises pulmonary venous and capillary pressure leading to bouts of DYSPNEA and TACHYCARDIA during physical exertion. RHEUMATIC FEVER is its primary cause. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Pleurisy, Tuberculous [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself. | 0 | 7.64 | 3 | 0 |
Anterior Optic Neuritis [description not available] | 0 | 7.25 | 9 | 3 |
Arachnoid Membrane Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 3.78 | 4 | 0 |
Optic Neuritis Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis). | 0 | 12.25 | 9 | 3 |
Deficiency, Pyridoxine [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Mucinoses Mucoid states characterized by the elevated deposition and accumulation of mucin (mucopolysaccharides) in dermal tissue. The fibroblasts are responsible for the production of acid mucopolysaccharides (GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS) in the ground substance of the connective tissue system. When fibroblasts produce abnormally large quantities of mucopolysaccharides as hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, or heparin, they accumulate in large amounts in the dermis. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Alopecia Mucinosa [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Brill-Symmers Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Lymphoma, Follicular Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Pellagra A disease due to deficiency of NIACIN, a B-complex vitamin, or its precursor TRYPTOPHAN. It is characterized by scaly DERMATITIS which is often associated with DIARRHEA and DEMENTIA (the three D's). | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Porphyria [description not available] | 0 | 3.27 | 2 | 0 |
Porphyrias A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues. | 0 | 3.27 | 2 | 0 |
Diverticulum, Meckel [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Classic Galactosemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
Icterus [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Icterus Gravis Neonatorum [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Galactosemias A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Jaundice, Neonatal Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Focal Neurologic Deficits [description not available] | 0 | 4.43 | 5 | 0 |
Frostbite Damage to tissues as the result of low environmental temperatures. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Chilblains Recurrent localized itching, swelling and painful erythema on the fingers, toes or ears, produced by exposure to cold. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Infective Endocarditis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Endocarditis Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Leukoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Keratitis, Ulcerative [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Corneal Opacity Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Corneal Ulcer Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Adrenal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Skin Manifestations Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury. | 0 | 3.96 | 5 | 0 |
Adenohypophyseal Hyposecretion [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells. | 0 | 4.37 | 8 | 0 |
Hypopituitarism Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Francisella tularensis Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Tularemia A plague-like disease of rodents, transmissible to man. It is caused by FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS and is characterized by fever, chills, headache, backache, and weakness. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Hypertrichosis Excessive hair growth at inappropriate locations, such as on the extremities, the head, and the back. It is caused by genetic or acquired factors, and is an androgen-independent process. This concept does not include HIRSUTISM which is an androgen-dependent excess hair growth in WOMEN and CHILDREN. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Ear Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Nanism [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Dwarfism, Growth Hormone Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Aqueductal Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Dwarfism A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Dwarfism, Pituitary A form of dwarfism caused by complete or partial GROWTH HORMONE deficiency, resulting from either the lack of GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR from the HYPOTHALAMUS or from the mutations in the growth hormone gene (GH1) in the PITUITARY GLAND. It is also known as Type I pituitary dwarfism. Human hypophysial dwarf is caused by a deficiency of HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE during development. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND. | 0 | 4.47 | 9 | 0 |
Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 8.74 | 11 | 0 |
Deficiency Diseases A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
AL Amyloidosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis A nonproliferative disorder of the PLASMA CELL characterized by excessive production and misfolding of IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS that form insoluble amyloid fibrils (see AMYLOID DEPOSITS) in various tissues. Clinical features include LIVER FAILURE; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; NEPHROTIC SYNDROME; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY, and neuropathies. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Coxsackie Virus Infections [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Lupus Nephritis Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982). | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES. | 0 | 4.24 | 7 | 0 |
Infections, Salmonella [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Salmonella Infections, Animal Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Pregnancy in Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS. | 0 | 3.95 | 5 | 0 |
Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. It is inherited as an X-linked or autosomal recessive defect. Mutations occurring in many different genes cause human Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Food Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE. | 0 | 6.93 | 1 | 0 |
Hypoascorbemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Scurvy An acquired blood vessel disorder caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C (ASCORBIC ACID) in the diet leading to defective collagen formation in small blood vessels. Scurvy is characterized by bleeding in any tissue, weakness, ANEMIA, spongy gums, and a brawny induration of the muscles of the calves and legs. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Dementia Praecox [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Cardiac Conduction Defect [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Anterior Fascicular Block [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
A-V Dissociation [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Asystole [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Chondromalacia Softening and degeneration of the CARTILAGE. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
Cartilage Diseases Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE). | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
Plant Poisoning Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Cancer of Mediastinum [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Mediastinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Impetigo Contagiosa [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
Impetigo A common superficial bacterial infection caused by STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS or group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Characteristics include pustular lesions that rupture and discharge a thin, amber-colored fluid that dries and forms a crust. This condition is commonly located on the face, especially about the mouth and nose. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
Congenital X-Linked Retinoschisis [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
Eye Hemorrhage Intraocular hemorrhage from the vessels of various tissues of the eye. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
Lingua Plicata [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available] | 0 | 5.18 | 4 | 1 |
Weight Reduction [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
Allergic Angiitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
Cardiac Tamponade Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
Churg-Strauss Syndrome Widespread necrotizing angiitis with granulomas. Pulmonary involvement is frequent. Asthma or other respiratory infection may precede evidence of vasculitis. Eosinophilia and lung involvement differentiate this disease from POLYARTERITIS NODOSA. | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
Burns, Electric Burns produced by contact with electric current or from a sudden discharge of electricity. | 0 | 2.94 | 1 | 0 |
Blunt Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 2 | 0 |
Ankylosis Fixation and immobility of a joint. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
Lock Jaw [description not available] | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
Bilateral Nasal Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
Nasal Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the nose. The obstruction may be unilateral or bilateral, and may involve any part of the NASAL CAVITY. | 1 | 4.02 | 1 | 0 |
Tonsillitis Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent. | 0 | 4.05 | 3 | 1 |
Arachnidism [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
Blood Clot [description not available] | 0 | 4.12 | 6 | 0 |
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel. | 0 | 4.12 | 6 | 0 |
Muscular Weakness [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
Flaccid Quadriplegia [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.). | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251) | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
Cephalgia Syndromes [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
Headache Disorders Various conditions with the symptom of HEADACHE. Headache disorders are classified into major groups, such as PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on characteristics of their headache symptoms) and SECONDARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on their etiologies). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
Endomyocardial Fibrosis A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE). | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Angiomatosis A condition with multiple tumor-like lesions caused either by congenital or developmental malformations of BLOOD VESSELS, or reactive vascular proliferations, such as in bacillary angiomatosis. Angiomatosis is considered non-neoplastic. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Endothelioma, Lymphatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Cancer of the Tongue [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Lymphangioma A benign tumor resulting from a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. Lymphangioendothelioma is a type of lymphangioma in which endothelial cells are the dominant component. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Tongue Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Alkalosis A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids. | 0 | 2.94 | 1 | 0 |
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders. | 0 | 7.03 | 1 | 0 |
Genetic Predisposition [description not available] | 0 | 3.42 | 1 | 1 |
Chorioretinitis Inflammation of the choroid in which the sensory retina becomes edematous and opaque. The inflammatory cells and exudate may burst through the sensory retina to cloud the vitreous body. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Meniscitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Hepatic Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.94 | 1 | 0 |
Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed) | 0 | 2.94 | 1 | 0 |
Muscle Spasm [description not available] | 0 | 4.34 | 1 | 1 |
Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE. | 0 | 4.34 | 1 | 1 |
Hyperoxia An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Brain Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition. | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Oral Submucous Fibrosis Irreversible FIBROSIS of the submucosal tissue of the MOUTH. | 0 | 3.98 | 5 | 0 |
Acute Onset Aura Migraine [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Brachial Paresis [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Migraine with Aura A subtype of migraine disorder, characterized by recurrent attacks of reversible neurological symptoms (aura) that precede or accompany the headache. Aura may include a combination of sensory disturbances, such as blurred VISION; HALLUCINATIONS; VERTIGO; NUMBNESS; and difficulty in concentrating and speaking. Aura is usually followed by features of the COMMON MIGRAINE, such as PHOTOPHOBIA; PHONOPHOBIA; and NAUSEA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Skin Diseases, Vascular Skin diseases affecting or involving the cutaneous blood vessels and generally manifested as inflammation, swelling, erythema, or necrosis in the affected area. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Bacterial Endocarditides [description not available] | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
Endocarditis, Bacterial Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use. | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). | 0 | 4.04 | 3 | 1 |
Prosthesis Durability [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Buschke's Scleredema [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Scleredema Adultorum A diffuse, non-pitting induration of the skin of unknown etiology that occurs most commonly in association with diabetes mellitus, predominantly in females. It typically begins on the face or head and spreads to other areas of the body, sometimes involving noncutaneous tissues. Often it is preceded by any of various infections, notably staphylococcal infections. The condition resolves spontaneously, usually within two years of onset. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Optic Atrophy Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition. | 0 | 7.38 | 2 | 0 |
Acute Retinal Necrosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.95 | 1 | 0 |
Eye Infections, Viral Infections of the eye caused by minute intracellular agents. These infections may lead to severe inflammation in various parts of the eye - conjunctiva, iris, eyelids, etc. Several viruses have been identified as the causative agents. Among these are Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Poxvirus, and Myxovirus. | 0 | 2.95 | 1 | 0 |
Affective Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Alcohol Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Acariasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4) | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Mood Disorders Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Myopia, Pathological [description not available] | 0 | 2.96 | 1 | 0 |
Myopia, Degenerative Excessive axial myopia associated with complications (especially posterior staphyloma and CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION) that can lead to BLINDNESS. | 0 | 2.96 | 1 | 0 |
Brain Hemorrhage [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Intracranial Hemorrhages Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Serum Sickness Immune complex disease caused by the administration of foreign serum or serum proteins and characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and urticaria. When they are complexed to protein carriers, some drugs can also cause serum sickness when they act as haptens inducing antibody responses. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298) | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Prediabetes [description not available] | 0 | 3.45 | 8 | 0 |
Prediabetic State The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 3.45 | 8 | 0 |
Mediastinal Diseases Disorders of the mediastinum, general or unspecified. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Meningitis, Meningococcal, Serogroup A [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Meningitis, Meningococcal A fulminant infection of the meninges and subarachnoid fluid by the bacterium NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, producing diffuse inflammation and peri-meningeal venous thromboses. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, nuchal rigidity, SEIZURES, severe HEADACHE, petechial rash, stupor, focal neurologic deficits, HYDROCEPHALUS, and COMA. The organism is usually transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions and is a leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults. Organisms from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135 have been reported to cause meningitis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp689-701; Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Feb;10(1):13-8) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Kidney, Polycystic [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Polycystic Kidney Diseases Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Anankastic Personality [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Cephalgia, Vascular [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Cerebral Pseudosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Hepatolenticular Degeneration A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Allergy, Food [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Laboratory Infection Accidentally acquired infection in laboratory workers. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Bacterial Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified. | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
Bone Cysts Benign unilocular lytic areas in the proximal end of a long bone with well defined and narrow endosteal margins. The cysts contain fluid and the cyst walls may contain some giant cells. Bone cysts usually occur in males between the ages 3-15 years. | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
Infection, Puerperal [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Cancer of Lip [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia Solitary or multiple benign cutaneous nodules comprised of immature and mature vascular structures intermingled with endothelial cells and a varied infiltrate of eosinophils, histiocytes, lymphocytes, and mast cells. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Endothelioma, Vascular [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Hemangioendothelioma A neoplasm derived from blood vessels, characterized by numerous prominent endothelial cells that occur singly, in aggregates, and as the lining of congeries of vascular tubes or channels. Hemangioendotheliomas are relatively rare and are of intermediate malignancy (between benign hemangiomas and conventional angiosarcomas). They affect men and women about equally and rarely develop in childhood. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866) | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries. | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
Acantholysis Bullosa [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Epidermolysis Bullosa Group of genetically determined disorders characterized by the blistering of skin and mucosae. There are four major forms: acquired, simple, junctional, and dystrophic. Each of the latter three has several varieties. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment. | 0 | 4.26 | 7 | 0 |
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Epileptiform Neuralgia [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Trigeminal Neuralgia A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Amblyopia, Developmental [description not available] | 0 | 3.98 | 5 | 0 |
Amblyopia A nonspecific term referring to impaired vision. Major subcategories include stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia and toxic amblyopia. Stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex. A discrepancy between visual information received by the visual cortex from each eye results in abnormal cortical development. STRABISMUS and REFRACTIVE ERRORS may cause this condition. Toxic amblyopia is a disorder of the OPTIC NERVE which is associated with ALCOHOLISM, tobacco SMOKING, and other toxins and as an adverse effect of the use of some medications. | 0 | 3.98 | 5 | 0 |
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Hand Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the hand. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Christmas Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
Hemophilia B A deficiency of blood coagulation factor IX inherited as an X-linked disorder. (Also known as Christmas Disease, after the first patient studied in detail, not the holy day.) Historical and clinical features resemble those in classic hemophilia (HEMOPHILIA A), but patients present with fewer symptoms. Severity of bleeding is usually similar in members of a single family. Many patients are asymptomatic until the hemostatic system is stressed by surgery or trauma. Treatment is similar to that for hemophilia A. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1008) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
Acquired Encephalocele [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Craniofacial Dysarthrosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Anguilluliasis [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
B. coli Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Strongyloidiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus STRONGYLOIDES. The presence of larvae may produce pneumonitis and the presence of adult worms in the intestine could lead to moderate to severe diarrhea. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Airway Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs. | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
BOOP [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
Flushing A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Placenta, Retained A placenta that fails to be expelled after BIRTH of the FETUS. A PLACENTA is retained when the UTERUS fails to contract after the delivery of its content, or when the placenta is abnormally attached to the MYOMETRIUM. | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
Bovine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.75 | 2 | 1 |
Anorectal Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Rectal Diseases Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Genital Diseases, Male Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE). | 0 | 3.32 | 2 | 0 |
Cockayne-Touraine Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Albinism General term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficiency or absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica Form of epidermolysis bullosa characterized by atrophy of blistered areas, severe scarring, and nail changes. It is most often present at birth or in early infancy and occurs in both autosomal dominant and recessive forms. All forms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa result from mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE VII, a major component fibrils of BASEMENT MEMBRANE and EPIDERMIS. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Duncan Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Lymphoproliferative Disorders Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Craniocerebral Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 3.75 | 2 | 1 |
Craniocerebral Trauma Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage. | 0 | 3.75 | 2 | 1 |
Extravasation of Contrast Media [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Cranial Nerve Diseases Disorders of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. With the exception of the optic and olfactory nerves, this includes disorders of the brain stem nuclei from which the cranial nerves originate or terminate. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Hyperlipoproteinemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Hyperlipoproteinemias Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Cystic Hygroma Colli [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Hand Deformities, Acquired Deformities of the hand, or a part of the hand, acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Hypergammaglobulinemia An excess of GAMMA-GLOBULINS in the serum due to chronic infections or PARAPROTEINEMIAS. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Endocarditis, Loeffler [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome A heterogeneous group of disorders with the common feature of prolonged eosinophilia of unknown cause and associated organ system dysfunction, including the heart, central nervous system, kidneys, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. There is a massive increase in the number of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, mimicking leukemia, and extensive eosinophilic infiltration of the various organs. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.81 | 4 | 0 |
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993. | 0 | 3.81 | 4 | 0 |
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available] | 0 | 5.04 | 6 | 0 |
Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis. | 0 | 10.04 | 6 | 0 |
Pemphigoid [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Pemphigoid, Bullous A chronic and relatively benign subepidermal blistering disease usually of the elderly and without histopathologic acantholysis. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Infections, Chlamydia [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Salpingitis Inflammation of the uterine salpinx, the trumpet-shaped FALLOPIAN TUBES, usually caused by ascending infections of organisms from the lower reproductive tract. Salpingitis can lead to tubal scarring, hydrosalpinx, tubal occlusion, INFERTILITY, and ectopic pregnancy (PREGNANCY, ECTOPIC) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Chlamydia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Plasma Cell Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Plasmacytoma Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
AIDS Seroconversion [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 1 | 1 |
Cancer of the Thymus [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Thymus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Uveitis, Posterior Inflammation of the choroid as well as the retina and vitreous body. Some form of visual disturbance is usually present. The most important characteristics of posterior uveitis are vitreous opacities, choroiditis, and chorioretinitis. | 0 | 3.79 | 2 | 1 |
Besnoitiasis [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Nasal Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Epistaxis Bleeding from the nose. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Eye Infections, Fungal Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Cranial Nerve II Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Optic Nerve Diseases Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Common Bile Duct Diseases Diseases of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 8.09 | 12 | 2 |
Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent. | 1 | 10.09 | 12 | 2 |
Cardiac Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Leprosy, Macular [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Cutis Laxa A group of connective tissue diseases in which skin hangs in loose pendulous folds. It is believed to be associated with decreased elastic tissue formation as well as an abnormality in elastin formation. Cutis laxa is usually a genetic disease, but acquired cases have been reported. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Fracture, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Cranial Airocele [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Fasciitis Inflammation of the fascia. There are three major types: 1, Eosinophilic fasciitis, an inflammatory reaction with eosinophilia, producing hard thickened skin with an orange-peel configuration suggestive of scleroderma and considered by some a variant of scleroderma; 2, Necrotizing fasciitis (FASCIITIS, NECROTIZING), a serious fulminating infection (usually by a beta hemolytic streptococcus) causing extensive necrosis of superficial fascia; 3, Nodular/Pseudosarcomatous /Proliferative fasciitis, characterized by a rapid growth of fibroblasts with mononuclear inflammatory cells and proliferating capillaries in soft tissue, often the forearm; it is not malignant but is sometimes mistaken for fibrosarcoma. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Gingival Hyperplasia Non-inflammatory enlargement of the gingivae produced by factors other than local irritation. It is characteristically due to an increase in the number of cells. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p400) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Apnea, Obstructive Sleep [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395) | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
Connective Tissue Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Autoimmune Thyroiditis [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Actinobacillus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus ACTINOBACILLUS. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
Carcinoma 256, Walker A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up. | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea. | 0 | 3.78 | 4 | 0 |
Viral Hepatitis, Human [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Hepatitis, Viral, Human INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D). | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Hirsutism A condition observed in WOMEN and CHILDREN when there is excess coarse body hair of an adult male distribution pattern, such as facial and chest areas. It is the result of elevated ANDROGENS from the OVARIES, the ADRENAL GLANDS, or exogenous sources. The concept does not include HYPERTRICHOSIS, which is an androgen-independent excessive hair growth. | 0 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 |
Ecchymosis Extravasation of blood into the skin, resulting in a nonelevated, rounded or irregular, blue or purplish patch, larger than a petechia. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Cancer of Pituitary [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Hallucination of Body Sensation [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Hallucinations Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Pain, Intractable Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Foot Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the foot. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Atypical Lipoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Lipoma A benign tumor composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It can be surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue (encapsulated), or diffuse without the capsule. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Acanthosis Nigricans A circumscribed melanosis consisting of a brown-pigmented, velvety verrucosity or fine papillomatosis appearing in the axillae and other body folds. It occurs in association with endocrine disorders, underlying malignancy, administration of certain drugs, or as in inherited disorder. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
African Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg. | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
Thrombophlebitis Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS). | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Aneurysm, Arteriovenous [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Postcommissurotomy Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Postpericardiotomy Syndrome A nonspecific hypersensitivity reaction caused by TRAUMA to the PERICARDIUM, often following PERICARDIOTOMY. It is characterized by PERICARDIAL EFFUSION; high titers of anti-heart antibodies; low-grade FEVER; LETHARGY; loss of APPETITE; or ABDOMINAL PAIN. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Pyoderma Any purulent skin disease (Dorland, 27th ed). | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Fungal Lung Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Fetal Resorption The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS). | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Pericementitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology) | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Oral Manifestations Disorders of the mouth attendant upon non-oral disease or injury. | 0 | 3.27 | 2 | 0 |
Pericoronitis Inflammation of the gingiva surrounding the crown of a tooth. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Hemorrhage, Oral [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Cavernitis, Fibrous [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Penile Induration A condition characterized by hardening of the PENIS due to the formation of fibrous plaques on the dorsolateral aspect of the PENIS, usually involving the membrane (tunica albuginea) surrounding the erectile tissue (corpus cavernosum penis). This may eventually cause a painful deformity of the shaft or constriction of the urethra, or both. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Cacosmia [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Grippe [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Arrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.55 | 3 | 0 |
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels. | 0 | 3.55 | 3 | 0 |
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Amentia [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Bodily Distress Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Paranoia [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Chemical Dependence [description not available] | 0 | 3.36 | 1 | 1 |
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse. | 0 | 3.36 | 1 | 1 |
Vulvar Diseases Pathological processes of the VULVA. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Drug Abuse, Intravenous [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 1 | 0 |
Earache Pain in the ear. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Hypospadias A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is below its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the ventral surface of the PENIS or on the PERINEUM. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is in the VAGINA. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Prolapse The protrusion of an organ or part of an organ into a natural or artificial orifice. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Neoplasms, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Bronchial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Stye [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Hordeolum Purulent infection of one of the sebaceous glands of Zeis along the eyelid margin (external) or of the meibomian gland on the conjunctival side of the eyelid (internal). | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Brain Swelling [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6) | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Compartment Syndromes Conditions in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the BLOOD CIRCULATION and function of tissue within that space. Some of the causes of increased pressure are TRAUMA, tight dressings, HEMORRHAGE, and exercise. Sequelae include nerve compression (NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES); PARALYSIS; and ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE. FASCIOTOMY is often used to decompress increased pressure and eliminate pain associated with compartment syndromes. | 0 | 2.89 | 1 | 0 |
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Brain Damage, Chronic A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Endotoxin Shock [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Hypersensitivity, Type III [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Middle Ear Effusion [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Otitis Media with Effusion Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Colloid [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Stunted Growth [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Growth Disorders Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Argentaffinoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Carcinoid Tumor A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182) | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Arthus Phenomenon [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Periapical Diseases Diseases of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE surrounding the root of the tooth, which is distinguished from DENTAL PULP DISEASES inside the TOOTH ROOT. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Exposure, Dental Pulp [description not available] | 0 | 4.03 | 3 | 1 |
Dental Pulp Exposure The result of pathological changes in the hard tissue of a tooth caused by carious lesions, mechanical factors, or trauma, which render the pulp susceptible to bacterial invasion from the external environment. | 0 | 4.03 | 3 | 1 |
Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Paraphimosis A condition in which the FORESKIN, once retracted, cannot return to its original position. If this condition persists, it can lead to painful constriction of GLANS PENIS, swelling, and impaired blood flow to the penis. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Hoarseness An unnaturally deep or rough quality of voice. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Bronchospasm [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Bronchial Spasm Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Abnormalities, Skin [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Skin Abnormalities Congenital structural abnormalities of the skin. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Nevi, Melanocytic [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
Nevus, Pigmented A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi. | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Familial Mediterranean Fever A group of HEREDITARY AUTOINFLAMMATION DISEASES, characterized by recurrent fever, abdominal pain, headache, rash, PLEURISY; and ARTHRITIS. ORCHITIS; benign MENINGITIS; and AMYLOIDOSIS may also occur. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in marenostrin gene encoding PYRIN result in autosomal recessive transmission; simple heterozygous, autosomal dominant form of the disease also exists with mutations in the same gene. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Blood Protein Disorders Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
P carinii Pneumonia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Gangliocytoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Leukemoid Reaction A peripheral blood picture resembling that of leukemia or indistinguishable from it on the basis of morphologic appearance alone. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Lipodystrophy, Intestinal [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Deficiency, Factor II [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Bronchial Diseases Diseases involving the BRONCHI. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Teeth, Impacted [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Congenital Epulides [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Abortion, Recurrent [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Abortion, Habitual Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Nervous System Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.55 | 3 | 0 |
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. | 0 | 3.55 | 3 | 0 |
Wounds, Gunshot Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Xeroderma [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Ichthyosis Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Circulatory Collapse [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Transfusion Reaction Complications of BLOOD TRANSFUSION. Included adverse reactions are common allergic and febrile reactions; hemolytic (delayed and acute) reactions; and other non-hemolytic adverse reactions such as infections and adverse immune reactions related to immunocompatibility. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Empyema Presence of pus in a hollow organ or body cavity. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Bone Marrow Diseases Diseases involving the BONE MARROW. | 0 | 3.26 | 2 | 0 |
Auriculotemporal Nerve Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Deficiency, Glucosephosphatase [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Glycogenosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
Glycogen Storage Disease Type I An autosomal recessive disease in which gene expression of glucose-6-phosphatase is absent, resulting in hypoglycemia due to lack of glucose production. Accumulation of glycogen in liver and kidney leads to organomegaly, particularly massive hepatomegaly. Increased concentrations of lactic acid and hyperlipidemia appear in the plasma. Clinical gout often appears in early childhood. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Glycogen Storage Disease A group of inherited metabolic disorders involving the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. In some patients, prominent liver involvement is presented. In others, more generalized storage of glycogen occurs, sometimes with prominent cardiac involvement. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
Cancer of Rectum [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Dermatophytoses [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Extra-Mammary Paget Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Intestinal Polyps Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the INTESTINE. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Paget Disease, Extramammary A rare cutaneous neoplasm that occurs in the elderly. It develops more frequently in women and predominantly involves apocrine gland-bearing areas, especially the vulva, scrotum, and perianal areas. The lesions develop as erythematous scaly patches that progress to crusted, pruritic, erythematous plaques. The clinical differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma in situ and superficial fungal infection. It is generally thought to be an adenocarcinoma of the epidermis, from which it extends into the contiguous epithelium of hair follicles and eccrine sweat ducts. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1478) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Tinea Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Cholera Infantum [description not available] | 0 | 3.55 | 3 | 0 |
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. | 0 | 4.02 | 3 | 0 |
Androgenization [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly) [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Adenoma, Acidophil A benign tumor, usually found in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, whose cells stain with acid dyes. Such pituitary tumors may give rise to excessive secretion of growth hormone, resulting in gigantism or acromegaly. A specific type of acidophil adenoma may give rise to nonpuerperal galactorrhea. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Acromegaly A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80) | 0 | 6.94 | 1 | 0 |
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Myotonia Prolonged failure of muscle relaxation after contraction. This may occur after voluntary contractions, muscle percussion, or electrical stimulation of the muscle. Myotonia is a characteristic feature of MYOTONIC DISORDERS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Polyneuropathy, Acquired [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Polyneuropathies Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Schwartzman Phenomenon [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 3.73 | 2 | 1 |
Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
Encephalomyelitis A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature. | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic An acquired, congenital, or familial disorder caused by PLATELET AGGREGATION with THROMBOSIS in terminal arterioles and capillaries. Clinical features include THROMBOCYTOPENIA; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; AZOTEMIA; FEVER; and thrombotic microangiopathy. The classical form also includes neurological symptoms and end-organ damage, such as RENAL FAILURE. Mutations in the ADAMTS13 PROTEIN gene have been identified in familial cases. | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
Hemorrhagic Diathesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Hemorrhagic Disorders Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS). | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Primary Peritonitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Keratosis, Oral [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Leukoplakia, Oral A white patch seen on the oral mucosa. It is considered a premalignant condition and is often tobacco-induced. When evidence of Epstein-Barr virus is present, the condition is called hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY). | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Arsenic Encephalopathy [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Injuries, Leg [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Keratoconus A noninflammatory, usually bilateral protrusion of the cornea, the apex being displaced downward and nasally. It occurs most commonly in females at about puberty. The cause is unknown but hereditary factors may play a role. The -conus refers to the cone shape of the corneal protrusion. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Poisoning, Mercury [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
Mercury Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS. | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
Facial Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Fractures, Compound [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Anemia, Hypochromic Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393) | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
Furrow Keratitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
Venous Insufficiency Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with EDEMA and sometimes with VENOUS STASIS ULCERS at the ankle. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Female Genital Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Cancer of Sigmoid [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Genital Neoplasms, Female Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Biliary Calculi [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Gallstones Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Ptosis, Eyelid [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Blepharoptosis Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Esophagotracheal Fistula [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Hemangiopericytoma A tumor composed of spindle cells with a rich vascular network, which apparently arises from pericytes, cells of smooth muscle origin that lie around small vessels. Benign and malignant hemangiopericytomas exist, and the rarity of these lesions has led to considerable confusion in distinguishing between benign and malignant variants. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1364) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Chest Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Iritis Inflammation of the iris characterized by circumcorneal injection, aqueous flare, keratotic precipitates, and constricted and sluggish pupil along with discoloration of the iris. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Vaccinia The cutaneous and occasional systemic reactions associated with vaccination using smallpox (variola) vaccine. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Bacteriuria The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available] | 0 | 4.24 | 4 | 1 |
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed) | 0 | 4.24 | 4 | 1 |
Maculopapular Cutaneous Mastocytosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 1 |
Adam-Stokes Attacks [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Dentin, Secondary Dentin formed by normal pulp after completion of root end formation. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Odontalgia [description not available] | 0 | 4.29 | 2 | 2 |
Toothache Pain in the adjacent areas of the teeth. | 0 | 4.29 | 2 | 2 |
Caries, Dental [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Scrofuloderma [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Gastric Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Cholecystoduodenal Fistula [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Vibrio cholerae Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Cholera An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Experimental Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Myoglobinuria The presence of MYOGLOBIN in URINE usually as a result of rhabdomyolysis. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Bornholm Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Human Trichinellosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Trichinellosis An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Appetite Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Feeding and Eating Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Hydramnios [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Sterility, Male [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Diabetes Insipidus A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Distorted Hearing [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Leishmania Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Lupus Vulgaris A form of cutaneous tuberculosis. It is seen predominantly in women and typically involves the NASAL MUCOSA; BUCCAL MUCOSA; and conjunctival mucosa. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Nephrosclerosis Hardening of the KIDNEY due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (FIBROSIS), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic HYPERTENSION. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ISCHEMIA. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Avian Leukosis A group of transmissible viral diseases of chickens and turkeys. Liver tumors are found in most forms, but tumors can be found elsewhere. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Pachymeningitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Bacterial Endocarditides, Subacute [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Melena The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Embryopathies [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Placenta Diseases Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Coagulation Disorders, Blood [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Nephrocalcinosis A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
C gattii Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Cryptococcosis Fungal infection caused by genus CRYPTOCOCCUS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Dorsolateral Medullary Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Brain Embolism and Thrombosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Erysipelas An acute infection of the skin caused by species of STREPTOCOCCUS. This disease most frequently affects infants, young children, and the elderly. Characteristics include pink-to-red lesions that spread rapidly and are warm to the touch. The commonest site of involvement is the face. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Pruritus Ani Intense chronic itching in the anal area. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Bilirubinemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Gangrene Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Varices [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Varicose Veins Enlarged and tortuous VEINS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Diaphragmatic Hernia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Thrombocythemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Shock, Surgical A type of shock that occurs as a result of a surgical procedure. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Absence of Brain, Congenital [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Chromosomal Triplication [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Cancer of Cervix [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Abscess, Hepatic [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Abscess, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Liver Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Lung Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the lung parenchyma as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |