positive regulation of apoptotic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]

Positive regulation of apoptotic process refers to the cellular mechanisms that promote or enhance the process of programmed cell death. This process is essential for normal development, tissue homeostasis, and eliminating damaged or unwanted cells. Apoptotic pathways are tightly regulated and involve a series of molecular events, including activation of caspases, a family of proteases that execute cell dismantling, and the release of apoptotic signals.

Several key regulatory elements contribute to the positive regulation of apoptosis. These include:

**Death receptor signaling:** Activation of death receptors, such as TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and Fas, by their respective ligands (TNFα and Fas ligand) initiates a signaling cascade leading to caspase activation and apoptosis.

**Mitochondrial pathway:** This pathway involves the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm, which activates caspase-9 and subsequently other downstream caspases. This release is regulated by pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax and Bak, which promote mitochondrial permeability, and anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, which inhibit it.

**Intrinsic apoptotic pathway:** This pathway is triggered by intracellular stress signals, such as DNA damage, hypoxia, and growth factor deprivation. These signals activate pro-apoptotic proteins and suppress anti-apoptotic proteins, ultimately leading to caspase activation and apoptosis.

**Other regulatory mechanisms:** Various other factors can positively regulate apoptosis, including p53, a tumor suppressor gene that activates pro-apoptotic proteins; and the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), which forms upon activation of death receptors and promotes caspase activation.

In summary, positive regulation of apoptotic process involves intricate signaling pathways and molecular events that ensure the timely and controlled removal of unwanted or damaged cells. It plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing the development of diseases such as cancer.'
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Proteins (97)

Compounds (3,749)