2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine profile

The chemical name you provided, **2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine**, is a bit of a mouthful! Let's break it down and understand its significance in research.

**1. Structure and Chemical Makeup:**

* **Adenosine:** This is the core structure of the molecule. Adenosine is a nucleoside, a building block of DNA and RNA.
* **2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino):** This part describes a complex side chain attached to the adenosine molecule. It includes:
* **Phenethyl group:** This is a benzene ring connected to a two-carbon chain.
* **Carboxyethyl group:** This is a two-carbon chain with a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) at the end.
* **5'-n-ethylcarboxamido:** This indicates an ethylcarboxamide group (CH3CH2CONH2) attached to the 5' position of the adenosine ribose sugar.

**2. Potential Biological Activity:**

This complex structure, with its combination of a modified adenosine base and a complex side chain, suggests that this compound may have interesting biological activity. It's likely that this molecule could:

* **Interact with Adenosine Receptors:** Adenosine receptors are important proteins found in the body that regulate various physiological processes. The modified adenosine structure might bind to these receptors, potentially leading to:
* **Modulation of neurotransmission:** Adenosine receptors play a role in the nervous system.
* **Cardiovascular effects:** Adenosine receptors influence heart function and blood vessel dilation.
* **Inflammatory responses:** Adenosine is involved in regulating inflammation.
* **Act as a Drug Candidate:** The complex side chain could potentially confer unique properties, such as:
* **Improved drug delivery:** The side chain could help the molecule reach specific target cells.
* **Enhanced drug stability:** The side chain could make the molecule more resistant to breakdown in the body.
* **Increased potency:** The side chain could modify the molecule's ability to bind to its target.

**3. Research Significance:**

The complex chemical structure and potential biological activity of 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine make it a promising candidate for research in:

* **Neuroscience:** Studying its effects on the nervous system and potential therapeutic applications in neurological disorders.
* **Cardiology:** Investigating its impact on the heart and blood vessels.
* **Immunology:** Exploring its role in inflammatory processes.
* **Drug Discovery:** Developing new drugs based on this molecular framework, potentially targeting various diseases.

**Important Note:** This is a hypothetical analysis based on the structure. The actual biological activity of 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine would need to be studied through laboratory experiments. It's possible that this compound could have other, unexpected properties, and further research is necessary to understand its full potential.

2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	3086599
CHEMBL ID	331372
CHEBI ID	73283
SCHEMBL ID	724684
MeSH ID	M0169942

Synonym
HY-13201
gtpl424
[3h]-cgs21680
gtpl375
[3h]cgs 21680
3-[4-[2-[[6-amino-9-[(3r,4s,5s)-5-(ethylcarbamoyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-oxolan-2-yl]purin-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenyl]propanoic acid hydrochloride
benzenepropanoic acid, 4-(2-((6-amino-9-(n-ethyl-beta-d-ribofuranuronamidosyl)-9h-purin-2-yl)amino)ethyl)-
cgs 21680
4-(2-((6-amino-9-(n-ethyl-beta-d-ribofuranuronamidosyl)-9h-purin-2-yl)amino)ethyl)benzenepropanoic acid
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine
cgs21680
NCGC00024976-02
120225-54-9
124182-57-6
NCGC00024976-03
2-[4-(2-carboxyethyl)-phenethylamino]-5''''''''-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine
3-(4-{2-[6-amino-9-((2r,3r,4s,5s)-5-ethylcarbamoyl-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9h-purin-2-ylamino]-ethyl}-phenyl)-propionic acid
[3h]-cgs 21680
chembl331372 ,
cgs-21680
bdbm35804
3-(4-(2-(6-amino-9-((2r,3r,4s,5s)-5-(ethylcarbamoyl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-9h-purin-2-ylamino)ethyl)phenyl)propanoic acid
3-(4-(2-(6-amino-9-((2r,3r,4s,5s)-5-(ethylcarbamoyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-9h-purin-2-ylamino)ethyl)phenyl)propanoic acid
2-[4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino]-5''''''''-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine
2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5''''''''-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine
(cgs21680) 3-(4-{2-[6-amino-9-(5-ethylcarbamoylmethyl-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9h-purin-2-ylamino]-ethyl}-phenyl)-propionic acid
chebi:73283 ,
3-[4-[2-[[6-amino-9-[(2r,3r,4s,5s)-5-(ethylcarbamoyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]purin-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenyl]propanoic acid
3-{4-[2-({6-amino-9-[(2r,3r,4s,5s)-5-(ethylcarbamoyl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-9h-purin-2-yl}amino)ethyl]phenyl}propanoic acid
t5hb1e831h ,
unii-t5hb1e831h
CS-0424
SCHEMBL724684
PAOANWZGLPPROA-RQXXJAGISA-N ,
benzenepropanoic acid, 4-(2-((6-amino-9-(n-ethyl-.beta.-d-ribofuranuronamidosyl)-9h-purin-2-yl)amino)ethyl)-
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n- ethylcarboxamidoadenosine
DTXSID6043882
NGI ,
2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenylethyl-amino]-5'-n-ethylcarboxamido adenosine
3-(4-(2-((6-amino-9-((2r,3r,4s,5s)-5-(ethylcarbamoyl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-9h-purin-2-yl)amino)ethyl)phenyl)propanoic acid
AKOS030530328
3-[4-[2-[[6-amino-9-[(2r,3r,4s,5s)-5-(ethylcarbamoyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-oxolan-2-yl]purin-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenyl]propanoic acid
4-[2-[[6-amino-9-(n-ethyl-beta-d-ribofuranuronamidosyl)-9h-purin-2-yl]amino]ethyl]benzenepropanoic acid
NCGC00024976-06
Q5010992
BS-14476
NCGC00024976-10
benzenepropanoic acid, 4-[2-[[6-amino-9-(n-ethyl-beta-d-ribofuranuronamidosyl)-9h-purin-2-yl]amino]ethyl]-
C71688

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In future studies, total peripheral resistance may also be useful as a pharmacodynamic parameter for A24 activation, provided that possible changes of the stroke volume are also assessed."	( Pharmacokinetic modelling of the haemodynamic effects of the A2a adenosine receptor agonist CGS 21680C in conscious normotensive rats. Cleton, A; Danhof, M; IJzerman, AP; Mathôt, RA; Soudijn, W, 1995)	0.29
" Therefore, we characterized the potencies, selectivities, and pharmacokinetic profiles of six prototypical A2A -antagonists."	( Characterization of the potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic profile for six adenosine A2A receptor antagonists. Belardinelli, L; Chu, N; Diamond, I; Kalla, R; Leung, K; Shryock, JC; Soelaiman, S; Soohoo, D; Yang, M; Yao, L; Zablocki, J, 2007)	0.34
" The pharmacological and pharmacokinetic SAR of a series of inhaled A(2A) agonists is described leading through to human pharmacokinetic data for a clinical candidate."	( SAR of a series of inhaled A(2A) agonists and comparison of inhaled pharmacokinetics in a preclinical model with clinical pharmacokinetic data. Batchelor, DV; Chavaroche, H; Lemaitre, A; Macintyre, F; Mantell, SJ; Maw, GN; Monaghan, SM; Rozze, S; Selby, MD; Stephenson, PT; Stuart, EF; Trevethick, MA; Walker, DK; Whitlock, L; Wright, KN; Wright, PA; Yeadon, M, 2009)	0.35

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In the present study, the non-xanthine PDE type IV inhibitor rolipram (4-[3'-cyclopentyloxy-4'-methoxyphenyl]-2-pyrrolidone) alone and in combination with adenosine is examined as a potential modulator of TNF alpha-primed PMN oxidative activity."	( The specific type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram combined with adenosine reduces tumor necrosis factor-alpha-primed neutrophil oxidative activity. Carper, HT; Mandell, GL; Sullivan, GW, 1995)	0.29
" We found that inhibition of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) after brain injury alleviated the TBI-ALI; however, it is unknown whether lowering blood glutamate levels in combination with inhibiting the A2AR would lead to better effects."	( Reduction in Blood Glutamate Levels Combined With the Genetic Inactivation of A2AR Significantly Alleviate Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Bai, W; Chen, X; Jiang, YL; Li, P; Ning, YL; Yang, N; Zhou, YG, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" After control responses to these purinergic agonists were elicited, animals were given infusions for several hours of either vehicle or one of six dosage levels of FK453 (a potent, selective, nonxanthine A1 receptor antagonist), one of three dosage levels of FR113452 (the S-enantiomer of FK453) or one of seven dosage levels of DPCPX (a potent, selective, xanthine A1 receptor antagonist)."	( An experimental paradigm for investigating the role of endogenous adenosine/A1 receptor interactions in vivo. Herzer, WA; Jackson, EK; Kuan, CJ, 1992)	0.28
" Dose-response curves for adenosine and its analogues 5'-N-ethyl-carboxamido-adenosine (NECA), the 2-substituted NECA analogue CGS 21680C, and R- and S-N6-phenyl-isopropyl-adenosine (R- and S-PIA) were obtained after their injection into the hepatic arterial supply."	( Adenosine-induced dilatation of the rabbit hepatic arterial bed is mediated by A2-purinoceptors. Alexander, B; Burnstock, G; Mathie, RT; Ralevic, V, 1991)	0.28
" pretreatment with DMPX, an adenosine receptor antagonist exhibiting selectivity for striatal A2 receptors, at a dosage which alone had no significant effect on locomotor activity."	( Role of adenosine A2a receptors in the nucleus accumbens. Barraco, RA; Martens, KA; Normile, HJ; Parizon, M, 1994)	0.29
" After obtaining control responses to N6-cyclopentyladenosine and CGS21680C, the rats received infusions of either vehicle or one of two dosage levels of KF17837, a compound recently demonstrated to be a potent and selective A2 receptor antagonist in vitro."	( KF17837 is an A2 adenosine receptor antagonist in vivo. Herzer, WA; Jackson, EK; Suzuki, F, 1993)	0.29
" In seated, unanesthetized monkeys prepared with a head plethysmograph, ventilation during exposure to air, CO2 (3, 4 and 5%) mixed in air (hypercapnia), 10% O2 mixed in N2 (hypoxia) and 100% O2 (hyperoxia) was measured during cumulative dosing with each drug."	( Effects of adenosine agonists on ventilation during hypercapnia, hypoxia and hyperoxia in rhesus monkeys. Howell, LL, 1993)	0.29
" Dose-response curves of corneal swelling indicated a greater sensitivity to N-ethyl(carboxamido)adenosine than to the A2 alpha specific agonist CGS 21680."	( Adenosine promotes regulation of corneal hydration through cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Peters, MI; Riley, MV; Starnes, CA; Winkler, BS, 1996)	0.29
"6 nmol) antiallodynic action and evoked a delayed motor weakness at a dosage of 30 nmol."	( Pharmacology of the spinal adenosine receptor which mediates the antiallodynic action of intrathecal adenosine agonists. Lee, YW; Yaksh, TL, 1996)	0.29
" Dose-response curves demonstrated that each agonist produced a dose-related rise in IOP with the following rank order of potency: NECA > CV-1808 > > R-PIA = CGS-21680."	( Characterization of ocular hypertension induced by adenosine agonists. Crosson, CE; Gray, T, 1996)	0.29
" The arteries were precontracted with PGF2alpha (3 microM) and cumulative dose-response curves to either NECA itself, or the selective A2A agonists, 2-[4-2(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosi ne (CGS 21680) and 2-hexynyl-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (2HE-NECA) were obtained."	( Prolonged exposure to 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) does not affect the adenosine A2A-mediated vasodilation in porcine coronary arteries. Conti, A; Lozza, G; Monopoli, A, 1997)	0.3
" Neuroprotective properties assessed after postischemic dosing in a Mongolian gerbil severe temporary forebrain ischemia paradigm, using hippocampal CA1 damage endpoints, and the efficacy of these agonists in an A(1) functional assay show similarities to some reference adenosine agonists."	( N-substituted adenosines as novel neuroprotective A(1) agonists with diminished hypotensive effects. Hansen, AJ; Judge, ME; Knutsen, LJ; Lau, J; Petersen, H; Shalmi, M; Sheardown, MJ; Thomsen, C; Weis, JU, 1999)	0.3
" Dose-response curves for NECA were shifted to the right by the nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist 8(p-sulphophenyl)theophylline (8-SPT; 100 microM) and by the selective A1-receptor antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX; 1 mM)."	( Species-dependent effects of adenosine receptor agonists on contractile responses of vas deferens to ATP. Khoyi, MA; Moloney, S; Smith, AD; Westfall, DP, 1999)	0.3
" The primary result of this study was a statistically significantly blunted second messenger response to agonist stimulation in the depressed group compared to the control group at the 50 and 100 nM and 1 microM dosage levels."	( Blunted adenosine A2a receptor function in platelets in patients with major depression. Berk, M; Ferreira, D; Jersky, B; Plein, H, 2001)	0.31
"0 mg/ml) resulted in tolerance to the motor effects of an acute administration of caffeine, lack of tolerance to amphetamine, apparent tolerance to MSX-3 (shift to the left of its 'bell-shaped' dose-response curve), and true cross-tolerance to CPT."	( Involvement of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors in the motor effects of caffeine after its acute and chronic administration. Antoniou, K; Ferré, S; Fuxe, K; Goldberg, SR; Justinova, Z; Karcz-Kubicha, M; Müller, CE; Pezzola, A; Popoli, P; Quarta, D; Reggio, R; Solinas, M; Terasmaa, A, 2003)	0.32
" The A1 and A2A receptor antagonists (CPT and MSX-3) both produced high levels of drug-lever selection when substituted for either methamphetamine or cocaine and significantly shifted dose-response curves of both psychostimulants to the left."	( Involvement of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors in the adenosinergic modulation of the discriminative-stimulus effects of cocaine and methamphetamine in rats. Antoniou, K; Ferre, S; Goldberg, SR; Highkin, JL; Hockemeyer, J; Justinova, Z; Munzar, P; Pappas, LA; Segal, PN; Solinas, M, 2003)	0.32
"4 mg/kg) produced a downward shift in the cocaine dose-response curve under a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement and decreased the cocaine breaking point."	( On the role of adenosine (A)₂A receptors in cocaine-induced reward: a pharmacological and neurochemical analysis in rats. Filip, M; Fuxe, K; Gołembiowska, K; Kamińska, K; Suder, A; Wydra, K, 2015)	0.42

Role	Description
adenosine A2A receptor agonist	An agonist at the A2A receptor.
anti-inflammatory agent	Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
adenosines	Any purine ribonucleoside that is a derivative of adenosine.
monocarboxylic acid	An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group.
dicarboxylic acid monoamide
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Purinergic signaling	0	53

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
dopamine D1 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	5.1735	0.0052	1.3022	8.1995	AID624455
GLS protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	5.0119	0.3548	7.9355	39.8107	AID624146
regulator of G-protein signaling 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.0611	0.5318	15.4358	37.6858	AID504845
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	11.9173	0.0355	20.9770	89.1251	AID504332
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	33.5875	0.0316	22.3146	100.0000	AID588579
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	0.2512	15.8432	39.8107	AID504327
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase	Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927	Potency	37.9330	0.0601	10.7453	37.9330	AID485368
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.2605	0.0000	0.9306	10.0000	AID1138018; AID1164368; AID1201442; AID1280097; AID239276; AID34567; AID34875; AID647884; AID668852; AID727467
Adenosine receptor A1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	2.1438	0.0001	1.2092	9.9700	AID31708; AID31711; AID31717; AID31850; AID31859; AID32025; AID32177; AID32344; AID32482; AID32634; AID727603
Adenosine receptor A3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.5840	0.0003	0.9196	9.0000	AID33347; AID33485
Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0190	0.0007	1.5594	10.0000	AID458439
Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0685	0.0000	1.0609	9.7920	AID1138011; AID1164367; AID1201437; AID1264914; AID1280095; AID1556646; AID239346; AID320106; AID34242; AID381813; AID427643; AID458438; AID647887; AID666293; AID727603
Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	10.0000	0.0002	1.6352	10.0000	AID239345; AID666294
Adenosine receptor A2b	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.0095	0.0006	1.3536	10.0000	AID33425; AID33574
Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	1.3899	0.0002	0.9316	10.0000	AID1138015; AID1164366; AID1201435; AID1556647; AID239275; AID30451; AID647886; AID666290; AID727464
Adenosine receptor A2a	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.0381	0.0002	1.4940	10.0000	AID1138013; AID33425; AID33574; AID33790; AID33939; AID33943; AID647889; AID666290
Mu-type opioid receptor	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	Ki	0.1140	0.0000	0.2786	9.0000	AID727467
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.6130	0.0001	0.4258	7.9800	AID458441
Adenosine receptor A1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	10.0000	0.0016	1.0460	8.2000	AID31261; AID31265
Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	3.9951	0.0003	0.7081	10.0000	AID1164372; AID1201439; AID1280986; AID1816578; AID30506
Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	0.0802	0.0002	0.4731	9.6000	AID1164375; AID34087; AID34088; AID34089; AID34090; AID34091; AID34092; AID34093; AID34094; AID34214; AID34215; AID34216
Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	1,150.5951	0.0003	0.9461	10.0000	AID1138014; AID1201440; AID1280987; AID30506; AID33162; AID458442
Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	215.7980	0.0001	0.9916	9.8000	AID1280985; AID30296; AID458440
Adenosine receptor A2a	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	0.1150	0.0000	0.1156	0.7200	AID33769
Adenosine receptor A1	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	EC50 (µMol)	24.5471	0.0126	1.9338	5.6234	AID32147
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Adenosine receptor A2b	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ratio	0.0150	0.0033	0.8292	9.6000	AID33746
Adenosine receptor A2a	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ratio	0.0150	0.0033	0.8230	9.6000	AID33746
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
inflammatory response	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of adenylate cyclase activity	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart contraction	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
response to wounding	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of norepinephrine secretion	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migration	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, dopaminergic	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amphetamine	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytosis	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular defense response	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signaling	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, cholinergic	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
central nervous system development	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
blood coagulation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
locomotory behavior	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
blood circulation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substance	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glutamate secretion	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of norepinephrine secretion	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
response to purine-containing compound	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
response to caffeine	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of urine volume	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
vasodilation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
eating behavior	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular permeability	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
astrocyte activation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection morphogenesis	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein secretion	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of calcium ion transport	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory postsynaptic potential	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
prepulse inhibition	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of adenylate cyclase activity	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
cGMP-mediated signaling	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemokine production	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
mast cell degranulation	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mast cell degranulation	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
relaxation of vascular associated smooth muscle	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
vasodilation	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
temperature homeostasis	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by nervous system process	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of acute inflammatory response	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of leukocyte migration	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptide secretion	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glomerular filtration	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein targeting to membrane	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytosis	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signaling	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system development	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substance	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glutamate secretion	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to purine-containing compound	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid catabolic process	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nucleoside transport	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neurotrophin production	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
vasodilation	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transport	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of hormone secretion	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cognition	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte migration	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid catabolic process	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lipid catabolic process	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of sensory perception of pain	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid homeostasis	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic depression	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
mucus secretion	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mucus secretion	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
triglyceride homeostasis	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of long-term synaptic depression	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-actinin binding	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor binding	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleoside binding	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
heat shock protein binding	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
heterotrimeric G-protein binding	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity	Adenosine receptor A2a	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
intermediate filament	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
axolemma	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
asymmetric synapse	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
presynapse	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
axolemma	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
asymmetric synapse	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
terminal bouton	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
calyx of Held	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	Adenosine receptor A2a	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (218)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1138011	Binding affinity to human recombinant adenosine receptor A2a	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-08, Volume: 57, Issue:9	Adenosine A2A receptor as a drug discovery target.
AID458440	Agonist activity at human adenosine A1 receptor expressed in CHO cells by GTPPgammaS binding assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Synthesis and evaluation of two series of 4'-aza-carbocyclic nucleosides as adenosine A2A receptor agonists.
AID1201436	Displacement of [3H]CCPA from human adenosine A1 receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes incubated for 120 mins by scintillation counting method relative to untreated control	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 2-((2-(4-(substituted)phenylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)amino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosines as potent and selective agonists of the A2A adenosine receptor.
AID647884	Displacement of [125I]N6-(4-amino-3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide from human A3 adenosine receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes after 60 mins	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-12, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Evaluation of molecular modeling of agonist binding in light of the crystallographic structure of an agonist-bound A₂A adenosine receptor.
AID33943	Displacement of [3H]-CGS- 21680 from Adenosine A2A receptor of rat striatum	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 38, Issue:18	2-[N'-(3-arylallylidene)hydrazino]adenosines showing A2a adenosine agonist properties and vasodilation activity.
AID195501	Percent reduction in blood pressure in an anesthetized rat 5 min after intravenous administration of 0.1 mg/kg of compound	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-09, Volume: 42, Issue:18	N-substituted adenosines as novel neuroprotective A(1) agonists with diminished hypotensive effects.
AID34059	Binding affinity for HA-tagged wild type human Adenosine A2A receptor (WT) using [3H]-CGS-21,680 in COS-7 cells	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID177036	Dose producing 30% decrease in blood pressure of anesthetized spontaneous hypertensive male rat(SHR)	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 35, Issue:12	Nucleosides and nucleotides. 107. 2-(cycloalkylalkynyl)adenosines: adenosine A2 receptor agonists with potent antihypertensive effects.
AID427644	Displacement of [3H]DPCPX from human recombinant adenosine A1 receptor expressed in HEK293T cells by scintillation counting	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Synthesis of hybrid analogues of caffeine and eudistomin D and its affinity for adenosine receptors.
AID228181	Dose producing 10% decrease in heart rate of anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR's)	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 35, Issue:15	Nucleosides and nucleotides. 112. 2-(1-Hexyn-1-yl)adenosine-5'-uronamides: a new entry of selective A2 adenosine receptor agonists with potent antihypertensive activity.
AID1280985	Agonist activity at human Adenosine A1 receptor expressed in yeast cells coexpressed with chimeric GPA1/Galphai1 after 16 hrs by beta galactosidase reporter gene assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	Discovery of Novel Adenosine Receptor Agonists That Exhibit Subtype Selectivity.
AID33790	Binding affinity against adenosine A2a receptor from rat striatum using [3H]-CGS- 21680 as a radioligand.	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	2-Aralkynyl and 2-heteroalkynyl derivatives of adenosine-5'-N-ethyluronamide as selective A2a adenosine receptor agonists.
AID458442	Agonist activity at human adenosine A2B receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as effect on cAMP production by luciferase reporter gene assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Synthesis and evaluation of two series of 4'-aza-carbocyclic nucleosides as adenosine A2A receptor agonists.
AID224981	Dose producing 10% decrease of heart rate in anesthetized rats (SHR)	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 35, Issue:2	Nucleosides and nucleotides. 103. 2-Alkynyladenosines: a novel class of selective adenosine A2 receptor agonists with potent antihypertensive effects.
AID1281001	Binding affinity to human Adenosine A2B receptor expressed in yeast cells coexpressed with chimeric GPA1/Galphas relative to NECA	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	Discovery of Novel Adenosine Receptor Agonists That Exhibit Subtype Selectivity.
AID34567	Displacement of [125I]APNEA from human Adenosine A3 receptor expressed in HEK 293 cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2	2,5'-Disubstituted adenosine derivatives: evaluation of selectivity and efficacy for the adenosine A(1), A(2A), and A(3) receptor.
AID372170	Displacement of [3H]PSB-603 from human recombinant adenosine A2B receptor expressed in CHO cells at 10 uM	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13	1-alkyl-8-(piperazine-1-sulfonyl)phenylxanthines: development and characterization of adenosine A2B receptor antagonists and a new radioligand with subnanomolar affinity and subtype specificity.
AID239346	Inhibition of [3H]ZM-241385 binding to human adenosine A2A receptor expressed in HeLa cells	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-29, Volume: 47, Issue:16	Synthesis and biological activity of new potential agonists for the human adenosine A2A receptor.
AID458438	Displacement of [3H]NECA from human recombinant adenosine A2A receptor expressed in Sf21 cells co-expressing GalphaS2, beta4, gamma2	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Synthesis and evaluation of two series of 4'-aza-carbocyclic nucleosides as adenosine A2A receptor agonists.
AID316478	Membrane permeability by PAMPA assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Inhaled adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AID179751	In vitro inhibition of synaptic potential in the hippocampal formation (synaptic responses (fEPSPs) recorded in the CAI region of in vivo hippocampal slices in rat brain)	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 35, Issue:22	Synthesis and biological activity of N6-(p-sulfophenyl)alkyl and N6-sulfoalkyl derivatives of adenosine: water-soluble and peripherally selective adenosine agonists.
AID666291	Displacement of [3H]CGS21680 from adenosine A2A receptor in rat brain striatum	2011	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-08, Volume: 2, Issue:12	Development of Polar Adenosine A2A Receptor Agonists for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Synergism with A2B Antagonists.
AID320106	Displacement of [3H]CGS21680 from human recombinant adenosine A2A receptor expressed in HEK293T cells	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 15, Issue:9	Synthesis of hybrid molecules of caffeine and eudistomin D and its effects on adenosine receptors.
AID25036	Hydrophobicity index (k'') (RP-HPLC pH 7.5)	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	2-Aralkynyl and 2-heteroalkynyl derivatives of adenosine-5'-N-ethyluronamide as selective A2a adenosine receptor agonists.
AID32482	Displacement of [3H]R-PIA from adenosine A1 receptor of Wistar rat forebrain	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-09, Volume: 42, Issue:18	N-substituted adenosines as novel neuroprotective A(1) agonists with diminished hypotensive effects.
AID31717	Adenosine A1 receptor binding was measured in adenosine deaminase (ADA) pretreated rat cortical membranes using [3H]cyclohexyladenosine in the presence of 2-chloroadenosine	1990	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 33, Issue:7	2-(Arylalkylamino)adenosin-5'-uronamides: a new class of highly selective adenosine A2 receptor ligands.
AID32513	Tested for the binding affinity of A1 receptor by displacing the [3H]-PIA in rat brain membranes	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21	2-Substitution of N6-benzyladenosine-5'-uronamides enhances selectivity for A3 adenosine receptors.
AID34087	Kd in saturation experiments using [3H]CGS-21680 at H250N mutant receptor in COS-7 cells	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID34216	Saturation binding of wild type human Adenosine A2A receptor at pH 8.4	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID31708	Inhibition of [3H]CHA binding to adenosine A1 receptor from rat brain membranes	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 35, Issue:12	Nucleosides and nucleotides. 107. 2-(cycloalkylalkynyl)adenosines: adenosine A2 receptor agonists with potent antihypertensive effects.
AID32634	Displacement of [3H]CHA from Adenosine A1 receptor of rat brain	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 38, Issue:18	2-[N'-(3-arylallylidene)hydrazino]adenosines showing A2a adenosine agonist properties and vasodilation activity.
AID1281000	Binding affinity to human Adenosine A2A receptor expressed in yeast cells coexpressed with chimeric GPA1/Galphas relative to NECA	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	Discovery of Novel Adenosine Receptor Agonists That Exhibit Subtype Selectivity.
AID1280999	Binding affinity to human Adenosine A1 receptor expressed in yeast cells coexpressed with chimeric GPA1/Galphai1 relative to NECA	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	Discovery of Novel Adenosine Receptor Agonists That Exhibit Subtype Selectivity.
AID34088	Kd in saturation experiments using [3H]CGS-21680 at V84L mutant receptor in COS-7 cells	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID349281	Vasorelaxation activity in Wistar rat endothelium-intact aortic ring assessed as inhibition of noradrenaline-induced contraction after 20 mins	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 43, Issue:8	N6-1,3-diphenylurea derivatives of 2-phenyl-9-benzyladenines and 8-azaadenines: synthesis and biological evaluation as allosteric modulators of A2A adenosine receptors.
AID232382	Ratio of EC50 stim-QRS (conduction block) and EC50 for vasodilation of coronary arteries	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4	2-Alkoxyadenosines: potent and selective agonists at the coronary artery A2 adenosine receptor.
AID33425	Inhibition of [3H]NECA binding to adenosine A2 receptor from rat striatal membranes	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 35, Issue:12	Nucleosides and nucleotides. 107. 2-(cycloalkylalkynyl)adenosines: adenosine A2 receptor agonists with potent antihypertensive effects.
AID1280989	Agonist activity at human Adenosine A2A receptor expressed in yeast cells coexpressed with chimeric GPA1/Galphas after 16 hrs by beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay relative to NECA	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	Discovery of Novel Adenosine Receptor Agonists That Exhibit Subtype Selectivity.
AID458448	Antiinflammatory activity in human PBMC assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNFalpha production after 20 hrs by ELISA	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Synthesis and evaluation of two series of 4'-aza-carbocyclic nucleosides as adenosine A2A receptor agonists.
AID234752	Selectivity as the ratio of Ki value towards A1 receptor to that of A2a receptor.	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	2-Aralkynyl and 2-heteroalkynyl derivatives of adenosine-5'-N-ethyluronamide as selective A2a adenosine receptor agonists.
AID224988	Dose producing 30% decrease of blood pressure in anesthetized rats (SHR)	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 35, Issue:2	Nucleosides and nucleotides. 103. 2-Alkynyladenosines: a novel class of selective adenosine A2 receptor agonists with potent antihypertensive effects.
AID234758	Selectivity determined as Ratio of Ki(nM) of A1 adenosine receptor to the Ki(nM) of A2 adenosine receptor	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 35, Issue:15	Nucleosides and nucleotides. 112. 2-(1-Hexyn-1-yl)adenosine-5'-uronamides: a new entry of selective A2 adenosine receptor agonists with potent antihypertensive activity.
AID1138018	Binding affinity to human recombinant adenosine A3 receptor	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-08, Volume: 57, Issue:9	Adenosine A2A receptor as a drug discovery target.
AID33769	Functional activity against adenosine A2a receptor from rat aorta.	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	2-Aralkynyl and 2-heteroalkynyl derivatives of adenosine-5'-N-ethyluronamide as selective A2a adenosine receptor agonists.
AID33592	Binding to Adenosine A2 receptor was measured in ADA-pretreated rat striatal membranes using [3H]-CGS- 21680	1990	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 33, Issue:7	2-(Arylalkylamino)adenosin-5'-uronamides: a new class of highly selective adenosine A2 receptor ligands.
AID229821	Ratio of Ki for A1 and A3 receptors	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21	2-Substitution of N6-benzyladenosine-5'-uronamides enhances selectivity for A3 adenosine receptors.
AID666294	Displacement of [3H]PSB-603 from human recombinant adenosine A2B receptor expressed in CHO cells after 75 mins by liquid scintillation assay	2011	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-08, Volume: 2, Issue:12	Development of Polar Adenosine A2A Receptor Agonists for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Synergism with A2B Antagonists.
AID666293	Displacement of [3H]CGS21680 from human recombinant adenosine A2A receptor	2011	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-08, Volume: 2, Issue:12	Development of Polar Adenosine A2A Receptor Agonists for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Synergism with A2B Antagonists.
AID32189	Binding affinity towards adenosine A1 receptor in rat brain cortex	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 44, Issue:4	Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel A2A adenosine receptor agonists.
AID1871388	Induction of vasorelaxant activity in rat aortic rings	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 227	Adenosine receptor antagonists: Recent advances and therapeutic perspective.
AID372175	Displacement of [125I]ZM-241385 from human recombinant adenosine A2B receptor expressed in HEK293 cells at 100 uM	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13	1-alkyl-8-(piperazine-1-sulfonyl)phenylxanthines: development and characterization of adenosine A2B receptor antagonists and a new radioligand with subnanomolar affinity and subtype specificity.
AID33347	Binding affinity for rat adenosine A3 receptor	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 42, Issue:8	5'-N-substituted carboxamidoadenosines as agonists for adenosine receptors.
AID1280097	Displacement of [125I]I-AB-MECA from recombinant human adenosine A3 receptor expressed in CHO cells after 60 mins by gamma counting analysis	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	Discovery of Molecular Therapeutics for Glaucoma: Challenges, Successes, and Promising Directions.
AID31711	Displacement of [3H]CHA from Adenosine A1 receptor in rat cortical membrane	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2	2,5'-Disubstituted adenosine derivatives: evaluation of selectivity and efficacy for the adenosine A(1), A(2A), and A(3) receptor.
AID316476	Clearance in rat at 1 mg/kg, iv	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Inhaled adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AID239275	Inhibition of [3H]DPCPX binding to human adenosine A1 receptor expressed in CHO cells	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-29, Volume: 47, Issue:16	Synthesis and biological activity of new potential agonists for the human adenosine A2A receptor.
AID34214	Saturation binding of wild type human Adenosine A2A receptor at pH 6.8	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID34075	Maximum level of G-protein activation (Emax) compared to CGS 21680 through Adenosine A2A receptor expressed in CHO cells using cAMP assay	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2	2,5'-Disubstituted adenosine derivatives: evaluation of selectivity and efficacy for the adenosine A(1), A(2A), and A(3) receptor.
AID1280986	Agonist activity at human Adenosine A2A receptor expressed in yeast cells coexpressed with chimeric GPA1/Galphas after 16 hrs by beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	Discovery of Novel Adenosine Receptor Agonists That Exhibit Subtype Selectivity.
AID32645	Selectivity against adenosine A1 to A2 receptors	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 35, Issue:2	Nucleosides and nucleotides. 103. 2-Alkynyladenosines: a novel class of selective adenosine A2 receptor agonists with potent antihypertensive effects.
AID34066	Saturation binding of wild type human Adenosine A2A receptor at pH 7.5	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID30296	Binding against human adenosine A1 receptor	1998	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-17, Volume: 8, Issue:6	Diimidazo[1,2-c:4',5'-e]pyrimidines: adenosine agonist activity demonstrated by microphysiometry.
AID33939	Tested for the binding affinity of A2a receptor by displacing the [3H]-CGS- 21680 in rat striatal membranes	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21	2-Substitution of N6-benzyladenosine-5'-uronamides enhances selectivity for A3 adenosine receptors.
AID31859	Binding affinity against adenosine A1 receptor from rat brain using [3H]CHA as a radioligand.	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	2-Aralkynyl and 2-heteroalkynyl derivatives of adenosine-5'-N-ethyluronamide as selective A2a adenosine receptor agonists.
AID647887	Displacement of [3H]2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenylethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamido-adenosine from human A2A adenosine receptor expressed in HEK293 cell membranes after 60 mins	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-12, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Evaluation of molecular modeling of agonist binding in light of the crystallographic structure of an agonist-bound A₂A adenosine receptor.
AID316472	Inhibition of capsaicin-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pig after 15 mins	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Inhaled adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AID235149	Selectivity for adenosine receptor subtype, ratio of Ki(nM) at A1 receptor to Ki(nM) at A2 receptor	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 35, Issue:12	Nucleosides and nucleotides. 107. 2-(cycloalkylalkynyl)adenosines: adenosine A2 receptor agonists with potent antihypertensive effects.
AID381813	Displacement of [3H]CGS21680 from human recombinant adenosine A2A receptor expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7	Synthesis of eudistomin D analogues and its effects on adenosine receptors.
AID75233	Reduction in hippocampal cell death by compound administered 30 min after a period of severe forebrain ischemia in the Mongolian gerbil at 10 mg/kg dosed 30 min and 120 min post ischemia	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-09, Volume: 42, Issue:18	N-substituted adenosines as novel neuroprotective A(1) agonists with diminished hypotensive effects.
AID727464	Displacement of [3H]CCPA from human recombinant adenosine A1 receptor	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 21, Issue:2	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 2-hydrazinyladenosine derivatives as A(2A) adenosine receptor ligands.
AID1280990	Agonist activity at human Adenosine A2B receptor expressed in yeast cells coexpressed with chimeric GPA1/Galphas after 16 hrs by beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay relative to NECA	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	Discovery of Novel Adenosine Receptor Agonists That Exhibit Subtype Selectivity.
AID1164376	Displacement of [3H]4-[2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-yl-amino]ethylphenol from wild type human adenosine A2a receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as radioligand Bmax per mg of protein compound preincubated for 30 mins	2014	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-11, Volume: 5, Issue:9	Structure-Based Design of Reactive Nucleosides for Site-Specific Modification of the A2A Adenosine Receptor.
AID458439	Agonist activity at adenosine A2A receptor in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of fMLP-induced reactive oxygen species release by chemiluminescence assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Synthesis and evaluation of two series of 4'-aza-carbocyclic nucleosides as adenosine A2A receptor agonists.
AID478431	Antagonist activity at human recombinant adenosine A2A receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of CGS-21680-induced [3H]cAMP production at 10 uM after 24 hrs by liquid scintillation spectrometry	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-13, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Structure-based discovery of A2A adenosine receptor ligands.
AID1201437	Displacement of [3H]CGS21680 from human adenosine A2A receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes incubated for 120 mins by scintillation counting method	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 2-((2-(4-(substituted)phenylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)amino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosines as potent and selective agonists of the A2A adenosine receptor.
AID1280996	Binding affinity to human Adenosine A1 receptor expressed in yeast cells coexpressed with chimeric GPA1/Galphai1	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	Discovery of Novel Adenosine Receptor Agonists That Exhibit Subtype Selectivity.
AID34060	Saturation binding of mutant human Adenosine A2A receptor (H250N) at pH 5.5	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID458449	Antiinflammatory activity in rat PBMC assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNFalpha production after 20 hrs by ELISA	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Synthesis and evaluation of two series of 4'-aza-carbocyclic nucleosides as adenosine A2A receptor agonists.
AID239276	Inhibition of [3H]NECA binding to human adenosine A3 receptor expressed in HeLa cells	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-29, Volume: 47, Issue:16	Synthesis and biological activity of new potential agonists for the human adenosine A2A receptor.
AID53750	In vitro inhibition of isoprenaline-stimulated cAMP accumulation in DDT1-MF2 cells (measured by adenosine A1 functional assay)	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-09, Volume: 42, Issue:18	N-substituted adenosines as novel neuroprotective A(1) agonists with diminished hypotensive effects.
AID1201440	Agonist activity at human adenosine A2B receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as stimulation of [3H]cAMP levels by scintillation counting method	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 2-((2-(4-(substituted)phenylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)amino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosines as potent and selective agonists of the A2A adenosine receptor.
AID427643	Displacement of [3H]CGS21680 from human recombinant adenosine A2A receptor expressed in HEK293T cells by scintillation counting	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Synthesis of hybrid analogues of caffeine and eudistomin D and its affinity for adenosine receptors.
AID1138013	Binding affinity to rat recombinant adenosine receptor A2a	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-08, Volume: 57, Issue:9	Adenosine A2A receptor as a drug discovery target.
AID33574	Binding affinity against adenosine A2 receptor from rat striatum using [3H]NECA as radioligand.	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 35, Issue:15	Nucleosides and nucleotides. 112. 2-(1-Hexyn-1-yl)adenosine-5'-uronamides: a new entry of selective A2 adenosine receptor agonists with potent antihypertensive activity.
AID316477	Unbound clearance in rat at 1 mg/kg, iv	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Inhaled adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AID1201442	Displacement of [3H]AB-MECA from human adenosine A3 receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes incubated for 30 mins by scintillation counting method	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 2-((2-(4-(substituted)phenylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)amino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosines as potent and selective agonists of the A2A adenosine receptor.
AID34058	Binding affinity for HA-tagged mutant human Adenosine A2A receptor (V84L) using [3H]-CGS-21,680 in COS-7 cells	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID1138069	Selectivity ratio of Ki for rat striatal adenosine A1 receptor to Ki for rat recombinant adenosine receptor A2a	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-08, Volume: 57, Issue:9	Adenosine A2A receptor as a drug discovery target.
AID316475	Intrinsic clearance in human liver microsomes	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Inhaled adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AID1280987	Agonist activity at human Adenosine A2B receptor expressed in yeast cells coexpressed with chimeric GPA1/Galphas after 16 hrs by beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	Discovery of Novel Adenosine Receptor Agonists That Exhibit Subtype Selectivity.
AID320104	Displacement of [3H]DPCPX from human recombinant adenosine A1 receptor expressed in HEK293T cells	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 15, Issue:9	Synthesis of hybrid molecules of caffeine and eudistomin D and its effects on adenosine receptors.
AID427645	Displacement of [3H]NECA from human recombinant adenosine A3 receptor expressed in HEK293T cells by scintillation counting	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Synthesis of hybrid analogues of caffeine and eudistomin D and its affinity for adenosine receptors.
AID32879	Binding affinity towards adenosine A2A receptor in rat brain striatum	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 44, Issue:4	Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel A2A adenosine receptor agonists.
AID647889	Displacement of [3H]CGS21680 from A2A adenosine receptor expressed in rat striatal membranes after 30 mins by liquid scintillation counting	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-12, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Evaluation of molecular modeling of agonist binding in light of the crystallographic structure of an agonist-bound A₂A adenosine receptor.
AID316471	Inhibition of fLMP-induced super oxide production in human neutrophils	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Inhaled adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AID32344	Displacement of [3H]- DPCPX from adenosine A1 receptor on rat cortical membrane	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 42, Issue:8	5'-N-substituted carboxamidoadenosines as agonists for adenosine receptors.
AID727604	Displacement of [3H]CGS21680 from adenosine A2A receptor in rat brain striatal membrane after 60 mins by liquid scintillation counting analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 21, Issue:2	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 2-hydrazinyladenosine derivatives as A(2A) adenosine receptor ligands.
AID34062	Saturation binding of mutant human Adenosine A2A receptor (H250N) at pH 7.5	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID130702	In vivo inhibition of spontaneous locomotor activity of mouse by the compound 30 min after intraperitoneal administration.	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-09, Volume: 42, Issue:18	N-substituted adenosines as novel neuroprotective A(1) agonists with diminished hypotensive effects.
AID1201439	Agonist activity at human adenosine A2A receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as stimulation of [3H]cAMP levels by scintillation counting method	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 2-((2-(4-(substituted)phenylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)amino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosines as potent and selective agonists of the A2A adenosine receptor.
AID34057	Binding affinity for HA-tagged mutant human Adenosine A2A receptor (H250N) using [3H]CGS-21680 in COS-7 cells	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID316480	Cmax in intratracheally dosed rat at 1 mg/kg	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Inhaled adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AID32147	Prolongation of the stimulus-QRS interval by 50% of the maximum response at the Adenosine A1 receptor in langendorff guinea pig heart preparation	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4	2-Alkoxyadenosines: potent and selective agonists at the coronary artery A2 adenosine receptor.
AID30506	Coronary arteries vasodilation at the Adenosine A2 receptor in langendorff guinea pig heart preparation	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4	2-Alkoxyadenosines: potent and selective agonists at the coronary artery A2 adenosine receptor.
AID727467	Displacement of [125I]I-AB-MECA from human recombinant adenosine A3 receptor expressed in CHO cells after 60 mins by gamma counting analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 21, Issue:2	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 2-hydrazinyladenosine derivatives as A(2A) adenosine receptor ligands.
AID34094	Saturation binding characteristics of wild type human Adenosine A2A receptor at pH 5.5	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID33746	Binding affinity against adenosine A2 receptor using [3H]- NECA as radioligand	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-07, Volume: 35, Issue:3	Adenosine receptors: pharmacology, structure-activity relationships, and therapeutic potential.
AID316479	Distribution coefficient, log D at pH 7.4	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Inhaled adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AID349284	Potentiation of CGS-21680-induced vasorelaxation activity in Wistar rat endothelium-intact aortic ring assessed as inhibition of noradrenaline-induced contraction at 10 uM after 20 mins	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 43, Issue:8	N6-1,3-diphenylurea derivatives of 2-phenyl-9-benzyladenines and 8-azaadenines: synthesis and biological evaluation as allosteric modulators of A2A adenosine receptors.
AID32177	Binding affinity against adenosine A1 receptor using [3H]-CHA or [3H]PIA as radioligand	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-07, Volume: 35, Issue:3	Adenosine receptors: pharmacology, structure-activity relationships, and therapeutic potential.
AID1201435	Displacement of [3H]CCPA from human adenosine A1 receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes incubated for 120 mins by scintillation counting method	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 58, Issue:7	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 2-((2-(4-(substituted)phenylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)amino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosines as potent and selective agonists of the A2A adenosine receptor.
AID1138015	Binding affinity to human recombinant adenosine A1 receptor	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-08, Volume: 57, Issue:9	Adenosine A2A receptor as a drug discovery target.
AID458441	Agonist activity at human adenosine A3 receptor expressed in CHO cells by GTPPgammaS binding assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Synthesis and evaluation of two series of 4'-aza-carbocyclic nucleosides as adenosine A2A receptor agonists.
AID1164372	Agonist activity at human adenosine A2a receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as stimulation of cAMP formation after 24 hrs	2014	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-11, Volume: 5, Issue:9	Structure-Based Design of Reactive Nucleosides for Site-Specific Modification of the A2A Adenosine Receptor.
AID1138014	Agonist activity at human recombinant adenosine receptor A2b by cAMP assay	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-08, Volume: 57, Issue:9	Adenosine A2A receptor as a drug discovery target.
AID32025	Binding affinity against adenosine A1 receptor from rat brain membranes using [3H]cyclohexyladenosine as radioligand.	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 35, Issue:15	Nucleosides and nucleotides. 112. 2-(1-Hexyn-1-yl)adenosine-5'-uronamides: a new entry of selective A2 adenosine receptor agonists with potent antihypertensive activity.
AID34875	Displacement of [125I]AB-MECA from membranes of HEK 293 cells expressing human Adenosine A3 receptor	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 42, Issue:8	5'-N-substituted carboxamidoadenosines as agonists for adenosine receptors.
AID34093	Saturation binding of human Adenosine A2A receptor H250N at pH 8.4	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID320108	Displacement of [3H]NECA from human recombinant adenosine A3 receptor expressed in HEK293T cells	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 15, Issue:9	Synthesis of hybrid molecules of caffeine and eudistomin D and its effects on adenosine receptors.
AID1280998	Binding affinity to human Adenosine A2B receptor expressed in yeast cells coexpressed with GPA1/Galphas	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	Discovery of Novel Adenosine Receptor Agonists That Exhibit Subtype Selectivity.
AID666289	Displacement of [3H]CCPA from adenosine A1 receptor in rat brain cortex	2011	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-08, Volume: 2, Issue:12	Development of Polar Adenosine A2A Receptor Agonists for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Synergism with A2B Antagonists.
AID727603	Displacement of [3H]CGS21680 from human recombinant adenosine A2A receptor expressed in HEK cells	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 21, Issue:2	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 2-hydrazinyladenosine derivatives as A(2A) adenosine receptor ligands.
AID666290	Displacement of [3H]CCPA from human recombinant adenosine A1 receptor	2011	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-08, Volume: 2, Issue:12	Development of Polar Adenosine A2A Receptor Agonists for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Synergism with A2B Antagonists.
AID34089	Kd in saturation experiments using [3H]CGS-21680 at WT receptor in COS-7 cells	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID1138020	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human recombinant adenosine A1 receptor to Ki for human recombinant adenosine receptor A2a	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-08, Volume: 57, Issue:9	Adenosine A2A receptor as a drug discovery target.
AID34065	Saturation binding of wild type human Adenosine A2A receptor at pH 6.8	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID228183	Dose producing 30% decrease in blood pressure of anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR's)	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 35, Issue:15	Nucleosides and nucleotides. 112. 2-(1-Hexyn-1-yl)adenosine-5'-uronamides: a new entry of selective A2 adenosine receptor agonists with potent antihypertensive activity.
AID230000	Ratio of Ki for A2a and A3 receptors	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21	2-Substitution of N6-benzyladenosine-5'-uronamides enhances selectivity for A3 adenosine receptors.
AID727608	Displacement of [3H]CCPA from adenosine A1 receptor in rat brain cortical membrane after 90 mins by liquid scintillation counting analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 21, Issue:2	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 2-hydrazinyladenosine derivatives as A(2A) adenosine receptor ligands.
AID1280095	Displacement of [3H]CGS21680 from human recombinant adenosine 2A receptor after 60 mins by gamma counting analysis	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	Discovery of Molecular Therapeutics for Glaucoma: Challenges, Successes, and Promising Directions.
AID34061	Saturation binding of mutant human Adenosine A2A receptor (H250N) at pH 6.8	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID381814	Displacement of [3H]NECA from human recombinant adenosine A3 receptor expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7	Synthesis of eudistomin D analogues and its effects on adenosine receptors.
AID1816579	Partial agonist activity at human A2A receptor expressed in HEK293 cell membranes assessed as efficacy by Label-Free Impedance-Based Assay relative to control	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-08, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Crystal Structure and Subsequent Ligand Design of a Nonriboside Partial Agonist Bound to the Adenosine A
AID30350	Displacement of [3H]-CGS- 21680 from adenosine A2A receptor of rat striatal tissue	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-09, Volume: 42, Issue:18	N-substituted adenosines as novel neuroprotective A(1) agonists with diminished hypotensive effects.
AID33485	Tested for the binding affinity of A3 receptor by displacing N6-[[125I]-4-amino-3-iodobenzyl]-adenosine-5''-N-methyluronamide from membranes of CHO cells transfected with rat A3-cDNA	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21	2-Substitution of N6-benzyladenosine-5'-uronamides enhances selectivity for A3 adenosine receptors.
AID668852	Displacement of [125I]-AB-MECA from human recombinant adenosine A3 receptor	2011	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-08, Volume: 2, Issue:12	Development of Polar Adenosine A2A Receptor Agonists for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Synergism with A2B Antagonists.
AID33162	Effective concentration for cAMP production in CHO-KI cells stably transfected with human adenosine A2B receptor cDNA	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 42, Issue:8	5'-N-substituted carboxamidoadenosines as agonists for adenosine receptors.
AID239345	Inhibition of [3H]DPCPX binding to human adenosine A2B receptor expressed in HEK293 cells	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-29, Volume: 47, Issue:16	Synthesis and biological activity of new potential agonists for the human adenosine A2A receptor.
AID34067	Saturation binding of wild type human Adenosine A2A receptor at pH 8.4	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID130698	In vivo inhibition of DMCM-induced seizures in mouse by the compound 30 min after intraperitoneal administration	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-09, Volume: 42, Issue:18	N-substituted adenosines as novel neuroprotective A(1) agonists with diminished hypotensive effects.
AID1280997	Binding affinity to human Adenosine A2A receptor expressed in yeast cells coexpressed with GPA1/Galphas	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	Discovery of Novel Adenosine Receptor Agonists That Exhibit Subtype Selectivity.
AID1451004	Induction of adipogenesis in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells assessed as increase in adiponectin production at 20.4 uM after 7 days in presence of IDX	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17	Polypharmacology of N
AID34064	Saturation binding of wild type human Adenosine A2A receptor at pH 5.5	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID33752	Ratio of A2 to A1.	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-07, Volume: 35, Issue:3	Adenosine receptors: pharmacology, structure-activity relationships, and therapeutic potential.
AID34090	Saturation binding of mutant human Adenosine A2A receptor (H250N) at pH 5.5	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID173595	Dose producing 10% decrease in heart rate of anaesthetized spontaneous hypertensive male rat(SHR)	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 35, Issue:12	Nucleosides and nucleotides. 107. 2-(cycloalkylalkynyl)adenosines: adenosine A2 receptor agonists with potent antihypertensive effects.
AID1556646	Agonist activity at human adenosine receptor A2A	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 179	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-hydrazinyladenosine derivatives as A
AID232320	Ratio of A1-receptor binding to that of A2-receptor binding	1990	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 33, Issue:7	2-(Arylalkylamino)adenosin-5'-uronamides: a new class of highly selective adenosine A2 receptor ligands.
AID34092	Saturation binding of human Adenosine A2A receptor H250N at pH 7.5	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID1264914	Displacement of [3H]-ZM24135 from human adenosine A2A receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 1 hr by scintillation counting	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 106	Design and synthesis of fused tetrahydroisoquinoline-iminoimidazolines.
AID33575	Binding affinity against adenosine A2 receptor in rat striatal membranes using [3H]NECA as radioligand	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 35, Issue:2	Nucleosides and nucleotides. 103. 2-Alkynyladenosines: a novel class of selective adenosine A2 receptor agonists with potent antihypertensive effects.
AID1280988	Agonist activity at human Adenosine A1 receptor expressed in yeast cells coexpressed with chimeric GPA1/Galphai1 after 16 hrs by beta galactosidase reporter gene assay relative to NECA	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3	Discovery of Novel Adenosine Receptor Agonists That Exhibit Subtype Selectivity.
AID1164375	Displacement of [3H]4-[2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-yl-amino]ethylphenol from wild type human adenosine A2a receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as radioligand Kd compound preincubated for 30 mins	2014	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-11, Volume: 5, Issue:9	Structure-Based Design of Reactive Nucleosides for Site-Specific Modification of the A2A Adenosine Receptor.
AID1164368	Displacement of [125I]I-AB-MECA from human adenosine A3 receptor expressed in CHO cells	2014	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-11, Volume: 5, Issue:9	Structure-Based Design of Reactive Nucleosides for Site-Specific Modification of the A2A Adenosine Receptor.
AID34063	Saturation binding of mutant human Adenosine A2A receptor (H250N) at pH 8.4	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID31261	Activity at Adenosine A1 receptor of rat atria	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 38, Issue:18	2-[N'-(3-arylallylidene)hydrazino]adenosines showing A2a adenosine agonist properties and vasodilation activity.
AID31269	[S]GTP gamma-S binding against adenosine A1 receptor in rat brain	1998	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-17, Volume: 8, Issue:6	Diimidazo[1,2-c:4',5'-e]pyrimidines: adenosine agonist activity demonstrated by microphysiometry.
AID381812	Displacement of [3H]DPCPX from human recombinant adenosine A1 receptor expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7	Synthesis of eudistomin D analogues and its effects on adenosine receptors.
AID175308	Effective concentration required for 25% increase in heart rate in perfused working heart model was determined	1990	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 33, Issue:7	2-(Arylalkylamino)adenosin-5'-uronamides: a new class of highly selective adenosine A2 receptor ligands.
AID30451	Binding affinity for human adenosine A1 receptor	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 42, Issue:8	5'-N-substituted carboxamidoadenosines as agonists for adenosine receptors.
AID647886	Displacement of [3H]N6-phenylisopropyladenosine from human A1 adenosine receptor expressed in CHO cell membranes after 60 mins	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-12, Volume: 55, Issue:1	Evaluation of molecular modeling of agonist binding in light of the crystallographic structure of an agonist-bound A₂A adenosine receptor.
AID32026	Binding affinity against adenosine A1 receptor in rat brain membranes using [3H]CHA as radioligand	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 35, Issue:2	Nucleosides and nucleotides. 103. 2-Alkynyladenosines: a novel class of selective adenosine A2 receptor agonists with potent antihypertensive effects.
AID32890	Ability to displace radioligand [3H]- CGS 21680 from adenosine A2A receptor on rat striatal membrane	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 42, Issue:8	5'-N-substituted carboxamidoadenosines as agonists for adenosine receptors.
AID34242	Binding affinity for human adenosine A2A receptor	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 42, Issue:8	5'-N-substituted carboxamidoadenosines as agonists for adenosine receptors.
AID1816578	Partial agonist activity at human A2A receptor expressed in HEK293 cell membranes assessed as intrinsic activity by measuring cell index change within 60 mins by Label-Free Impedance-Based Assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-08, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Crystal Structure and Subsequent Ligand Design of a Nonriboside Partial Agonist Bound to the Adenosine A
AID31850	Inhibition of [3H]PIA binding to rat cortical adenosine A1 receptor	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 35, Issue:22	Synthesis and biological activity of N6-(p-sulfophenyl)alkyl and N6-sulfoalkyl derivatives of adenosine: water-soluble and peripherally selective adenosine agonists.
AID33767	Functional activity at Adenosine A2A receptor as vasorelaxation of rat aorta	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 38, Issue:18	2-[N'-(3-arylallylidene)hydrazino]adenosines showing A2a adenosine agonist properties and vasodilation activity.
AID31265	Functional activity against adenosine A1 receptor from rat atria.	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	2-Aralkynyl and 2-heteroalkynyl derivatives of adenosine-5'-N-ethyluronamide as selective A2a adenosine receptor agonists.
AID1556647	Agonist activity at human adenosine receptor A1	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 179	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-hydrazinyladenosine derivatives as A
AID34215	Saturation binding characteristics of wild type human Adenosine A2A receptor at pH 7.5	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID349283	Potentiation of CGS-21680-induced vasorelaxation activity in Wistar rat endothelium-intact aortic ring assessed as inhibition of noradrenaline-induced contraction after 20 mins	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 43, Issue:8	N6-1,3-diphenylurea derivatives of 2-phenyl-9-benzyladenines and 8-azaadenines: synthesis and biological evaluation as allosteric modulators of A2A adenosine receptors.
AID1164367	Displacement of [3H]2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenyl-ethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine from human adenosine A2a receptor expressed in HEK293 cells	2014	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-11, Volume: 5, Issue:9	Structure-Based Design of Reactive Nucleosides for Site-Specific Modification of the A2A Adenosine Receptor.
AID349282	Vasorelaxation activity in Wistar rat endothelium-intact aortic ring assessed as inhibition of noradrenaline-induced contraction at 10 uM after 20 mins	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 43, Issue:8	N6-1,3-diphenylurea derivatives of 2-phenyl-9-benzyladenines and 8-azaadenines: synthesis and biological evaluation as allosteric modulators of A2A adenosine receptors.
AID34091	Saturation binding of human Adenosine A2A receptor (H250N) at pH 6.8	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16	Mutagenesis reveals structure-activity parallels between human A2A adenosine receptors and biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.
AID1164366	Displacement of [3H]R-PIA from human adenosine A1 receptor expressed in CHO cells	2014	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-11, Volume: 5, Issue:9	Structure-Based Design of Reactive Nucleosides for Site-Specific Modification of the A2A Adenosine Receptor.
AID33634	Anti-aggregatory activity against adenosine A2A receptor from rabbit platelets. Potency ratio was reported with reference to the NECA IC50 of 0.2 uM.	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-28, Volume: 38, Issue:9	2-Aralkynyl and 2-heteroalkynyl derivatives of adenosine-5'-N-ethyluronamide as selective A2a adenosine receptor agonists.
AID35015	Displacement of [3H]NECA from Adenosine A2A receptor in rat striatal membrane	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2	2,5'-Disubstituted adenosine derivatives: evaluation of selectivity and efficacy for the adenosine A(1), A(2A), and A(3) receptor.
AID175307	Effective concentration required for 25% increase in coronary flow(CF) in perfused working heart model was determined	1990	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 33, Issue:7	2-(Arylalkylamino)adenosin-5'-uronamides: a new class of highly selective adenosine A2 receptor ligands.
AID233832	Relative affinities for rat adenosine A1 and A2a receptors	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 38, Issue:18	2-[N'-(3-arylallylidene)hydrazino]adenosines showing A2a adenosine agonist properties and vasodilation activity.
AID316473	Toxicity assessed as reduction in diastolic blood pressure in guinea pig	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	Inhaled adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347160	Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347411	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347159	Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1345618	Human A2A receptor (Adenosine receptors)	1999	Biochemical pharmacology, Jan-01, Volume: 57, Issue:1	Differences in the order of potency for agonists but not antagonists at human and rat adenosine A2A receptors.
AID1345822	Human A3 receptor (Adenosine receptors)	2000	Molecular pharmacology, May, Volume: 57, Issue:5	[(3)H]MRE 3008F20: a novel antagonist radioligand for the pharmacological and biochemical characterization of human A(3) adenosine receptors.
AID1345618	Human A2A receptor (Adenosine receptors)	2004	Biochemical pharmacology, Nov-15, Volume: 68, Issue:10	2-Substituted adenosine derivatives: affinity and efficacy at four subtypes of human adenosine receptors.
AID1345618	Human A2A receptor (Adenosine receptors)	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-29, Volume: 47, Issue:16	Synthesis and biological activity of new potential agonists for the human adenosine A2A receptor.
AID1345822	Human A3 receptor (Adenosine receptors)	1998	Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 357, Issue:1	Comparative pharmacology of human adenosine receptor subtypes - characterization of stably transfected receptors in CHO cells.
AID1345685	Human A1 receptor (Adenosine receptors)	2004	Biochemical pharmacology, Nov-15, Volume: 68, Issue:10	2-Substituted adenosine derivatives: affinity and efficacy at four subtypes of human adenosine receptors.
AID1345685	Human A1 receptor (Adenosine receptors)	2006	Nature reviews. Drug discovery, Mar, Volume: 5, Issue:3	Adenosine receptors as therapeutic targets.
AID1345618	Human A2A receptor (Adenosine receptors)	2005	The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Oct, Volume: 315, Issue:1	A novel A1 adenosine receptor antagonist, L-97-1 [3-[2-(4-aminophenyl)-ethyl]-8-benzyl-7-{2-ethyl-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amino]-ethyl}-1-propyl-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione], reduces allergic responses to house dust mite in an allergic rabbit model of asthma.
AID1345618	Human A2A receptor (Adenosine receptors)	1995	The Journal of biological chemistry, Jun-09, Volume: 270, Issue:23	Site-directed mutagenesis identifies residues involved in ligand recognition in the human A2a adenosine receptor.
AID1345721	Human A2B receptor (Adenosine receptors)	2000	Molecular pharmacology, Dec, Volume: 58, Issue:6	Why are A(2B) receptors low-affinity adenosine receptors? Mutation of Asn273 to Tyr increases affinity of human A(2B) receptor for 2-(1-Hexynyl)adenosine.
AID1345822	Human A3 receptor (Adenosine receptors)	2006	Nature reviews. Drug discovery, Mar, Volume: 5, Issue:3	Adenosine receptors as therapeutic targets.
AID1345618	Human A2A receptor (Adenosine receptors)	2006	Nature reviews. Drug discovery, Mar, Volume: 5, Issue:3	Adenosine receptors as therapeutic targets.
AID1345721	Human A2B receptor (Adenosine receptors)	1999	Molecular pharmacology, Oct, Volume: 56, Issue:4	Characterization of human A(2B) adenosine receptors: radioligand binding, western blotting, and coupling to G(q) in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and HMC-1 mast cells.
AID1345822	Human A3 receptor (Adenosine receptors)	2004	Biochemical pharmacology, Nov-15, Volume: 68, Issue:10	2-Substituted adenosine derivatives: affinity and efficacy at four subtypes of human adenosine receptors.
AID1345618	Human A2A receptor (Adenosine receptors)	1997	British journal of pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 121, Issue:3	Characterization of human A2A adenosine receptors with the antagonist radioligand [3H]-SCH 58261.
AID1345822	Human A3 receptor (Adenosine receptors)	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-29, Volume: 47, Issue:16	Synthesis and biological activity of new potential agonists for the human adenosine A2A receptor.
AID1345618	Human A2A receptor (Adenosine receptors)	1998	Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 357, Issue:1	Comparative pharmacology of human adenosine receptor subtypes - characterization of stably transfected receptors in CHO cells.
AID1345721	Human A2B receptor (Adenosine receptors)	2006	Nature reviews. Drug discovery, Mar, Volume: 5, Issue:3	Adenosine receptors as therapeutic targets.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID588378	qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504836	Inducers of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response (ERSR) in human glioma: Validation	2002	The Journal of biological chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 277, Issue:16	Sustained ER Ca2+ depletion suppresses protein synthesis and induces activation-enhanced cell death in mast cells.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347045	Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot counterscreen GloSensor control cell line	2019	Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500	Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588349	qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation of Cytotoxic Assay
AID1347049	Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot screen	2019	Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500	Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347050	Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr2) antagonism - Pilot subtype selectivity assay	2019	Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500	Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1345618	Human A2A receptor (Adenosine receptors)	1990	Journal of neurochemistry, Nov, Volume: 55, Issue:5	Binding of the adenosine A2 receptor ligand [3H]CGS 21680 to human and rat brain: evidence for multiple affinity sites.
AID1345618	Human A2A receptor (Adenosine receptors)	1989	The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Dec, Volume: 251, Issue:3	[3H]CGS 21680, a selective A2 adenosine receptor agonist directly labels A2 receptors in rat brain.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	4 (0.43)	18.7374
1990's	378 (40.47)	18.2507
2000's	355 (38.01)	29.6817
2010's	172 (18.42)	24.3611
2020's	25 (2.68)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	2 (0.21%)	5.53%
Reviews	7 (0.74%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	943 (99.05%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	4.75	30	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
adenine [no description available]	4.26	18	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	1.99	1	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	2.48	2	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	1.99	1	0	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
creatine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.41	2	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	2.68	3	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine [no description available]	3.12	5	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	1.98	1	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
histamine [no description available]	3.4	7	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.	1.98	1	0	hydroxylamines	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	1.98	1	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
melatonin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
n-acetylserotonin N-acetylserotonin : An N-acylserotonin resulting from the formal condensation of the primary amino group of serotonin with the carboxy group of acetic acid.	1.98	1	0	acetamides; N-acylserotonin; phenols	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	2.44	2	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	2.43	2	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.93	4	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
oxaloacetic acid Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.	2.21	1	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid; oxo dicarboxylic acid	geroprotector; metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.	2.02	1	0	methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate	coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	1.98	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.	3.09	5	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
taurine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.47	2	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
xanthine 7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.	2.01	1	0	xanthine	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.	2.71	3	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	NMDA receptor antagonist
sk&f 81297 [no description available]	2.42	2	0	benzazepine
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively	2.41	2	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins	serotonergic antagonist
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.	2.44	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
sk&f-38393 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393	2.9	4	0	benzazepine; catechols; secondary amino compound
1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine 1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.	7.3	133	0	oxopurine	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine 1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist	2.91	4	0
pk 11195 PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine	1.98	1	0	aromatic amide; isoquinolines; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.03	1	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.	2	1	0	methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine	neurotoxin
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate: is a novel membrane-penetrable modulator and transient receptor potential channel blocker; structure in first source; do not confuse with 2-APB cpd. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane : An organoboron compound that is diphenylborane in which the borane hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminoethoxy group.	2.03	1	0	organoboron compound; primary amino compound	calcium channel blocker; IP3 receptor antagonist; potassium channel opener
3-aminobenzamide [no description available]	2.03	1	0	benzamides; substituted aniline	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
enprofylline enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.	4.51	7	0	oxopurine	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
3-nitropropionic acid 3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group.	2.01	1	0	C-nitro compound	antimycobacterial drug; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; mycotoxin; neurotoxin
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	2.71	3	0	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	1.99	1	0	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5-hydroxydecanoate 5-hydroxydecanoic acid: Potassium Channel Blocker; RN refers to parent cpd	3.13	5	0	medium-chain fatty acid
8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline 8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline: adenosine antagonist	5.44	20	0
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine: prolongs epileptic seizures in rats	5.55	22	0	oxopurine
8-phenyltheophylline 8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist	5.16	15	0
abt 702 [no description available]	2.07	1	0	bipyridines
alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.	2.41	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound	bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
theophylline [no description available]	8.4	68	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
baclofen [no description available]	2.41	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
benserazide Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.	2.39	2	0	carbohydrazide; catechols; primary alcohol; primary amino compound	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	1.99	1	0	carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
bisindolylmaleimide i bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide	2.43	2	0
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
caffeine [no description available]	8.37	65	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.4	2	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	2.21	1	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
cgs 15943 9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazolin-5-imine: non-xanthine triazoloquinazoline adenosine antagonist. CGS 15943 : A member of the class of triazoloquinazolines that is [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline substited at positions 2, 5 and 9 by furan-2-yl, amino and chloro groups respectively. A potent antagonist at adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A receptors.	6.96	22	0	aromatic amine; biaryl; furans; organochlorine compound; primary amino compound; quinazolines; triazoloquinazoline	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; antineoplastic agent; central nervous system stimulant
chelerythrine chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.	2.92	4	0	benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
clobenpropit clobenpropit: histamine H3 receptor antagonist. clobenpropit : An imidothiocarbamic ester that consists of isothiourea bearing S-3-(imidazol-4-yl)propyl and N-4-chlorobenzyl substituents. An extremely potent histamine H3 antagonist/inverse agonist (pA2 = 9.93). Also displays partial agonist activity at H4 receptors; induces eosinophil shape change with an EC50 of 3 nM.	2.1	1	0	imidazoles; imidothiocarbamic ester; organochlorine compound	H3-receptor antagonist; H4-receptor agonist
cycloleucine Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.	2	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	EC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	2.05	1	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	1.98	1	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	3.4	7	0	primary amine
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	2.71	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	2.01	1	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
diethyl pyrocarbonate Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.	2.38	2	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	2	1	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	4.03	14	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine 9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine: specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase	3.39	7	0
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	2	1	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	2.02	1	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.02	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	2	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	4.09	15	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	2.41	2	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
ha 1004 N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0	isoquinolines
fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.	3.23	1	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	3.1	5	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
hexamethonium Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.	1.99	1	0	quaternary ammonium salt
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	3.39	7	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	2.95	4	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	4.08	15	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
staurosporine aglycone staurosporine aglycone: metabolite from culture broth of Nocardiopsis sp.; a neurotrophin antag; inhibits BDNF TrkB receptor	2.43	2	0
ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.	2	1	0	amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.	2.41	2	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	3.11	5	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione: structure given in first source; SRS-A & guanylate cyclase antagonist. 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione : A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group.	2.05	1	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic amine; p-quinones; quinolone	antineoplastic agent; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.	1.99	1	0	primary aliphatic amine
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	2.04	1	0	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
muscimol Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.	2.41	2	0	alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound	fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	2.69	3	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
apnea Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	2	1	0	purine nucleoside
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	2.21	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	2	1	0	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	2.91	4	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
nipecotic acid nipecotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is piperidine in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.	2.05	1	0	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	2	1	0	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	2.02	1	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	3.7	10	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	2.71	3	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
pentoxifylline [no description available]	1.98	1	0	oxopurine
phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.	2	1	0	aromatic amine
phenyl biguanide phenyl biguanide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenyl biguanide : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.51	2	0	guanidines	central nervous system drug
pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)	2.72	3	0	pyridines
piribedil Piribedil: A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist.	2.17	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	3.26	6	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid: a novel antagonist that selectively blocks P2 purinoceptor receptors; a useful tool to study co-transmission in tissues when ATP and coexisting neurotransmitters act in concert. 5'-phosphopyridoxal-6-azobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate carrying an additional 2,4-disulfophenylazo substituent at position 6.	2.02	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; azobenzenes; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; organic phosphate; pyridinecarbaldehyde	purinergic receptor P2X antagonist
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	2.05	1	0	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	2.82	2	0	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2	1	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative	H1-receptor antagonist
quipazine Quipazine: A pharmacologic congener of serotonin that contracts smooth muscle and has actions similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants. It has been proposed as an oxytocic.	2	1	0	piperazines; pyridines
6-nitroquipazine 6-nitroquipazine: structure given in first source	2	1	0	nitro compound; quinolines
ro 15-4513 Ro 15-4513: a partial inverse agonist of benzodiazepine receptors	2	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone 4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.	2.93	4	0	methoxybenzenes
rolipram [no description available]	3.61	9	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	antidepressant; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	2.07	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	2.4	2	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
sumatriptan Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.	2	1	0	sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.7	3	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
talipexole talipexole: dopamine receptor agonist; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	azepine
temazepam Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.	2.02	1	0	benzodiazepine
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	2.11	1	0	phthalimides; piperidones
theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.	6.27	35	1	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.	2.15	1	0	chromanes; thiazolidinone	anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine 8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist	5.23	16	0
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	2	1	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	2	1	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.	2.02	1	0	pyrimidone	hyperglycemic agent; metabolite
thymidine [no description available]	2.69	3	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	1.98	1	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.	1.98	1	0	1-phenylpropan-2-amine	adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	2.39	2	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.	1.98	1	0	N-arylpiperazine; organic iodide salt; piperazinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	2.74	3	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
amifampridine Amifampridine: 4-Aminopyridine derivative that acts as a POTASSIUM CHANNEL blocker to increase release of ACETYLCHOLINE from nerve terminals. It is used in the treatment of CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES.	2	1	0	aminopyridine
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	1.98	1	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
(4-(m-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium chloride (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride: A drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. It is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes.	2.21	1	0
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.	2.51	2	0	guanidines
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	3.1	5	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.76	3	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	3.61	9	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	3.61	9	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2.91	4	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	4.21	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	3.28	6	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .	2.39	2	0	amphetamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	3.13	5	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	2	1	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
cytidine monophosphate Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.	1.99	1	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	2.41	2	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	2.01	1	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
tubercidin Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.	3.09	5	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	2.39	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.43	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	3.5	8	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	2.92	4	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.	2.42	2	0	amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	2.7	3	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.	2.08	1	0	styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound	mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite
cyclohexanone [no description available]	2.08	1	0	cyclohexanones	human xenobiotic metabolite
diethylamine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	secondary aliphatic amine
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.92	4	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	1.99	1	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	1.98	1	0	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pregnenolone [no description available]	2	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	2.91	4	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
2-chloroadenosine 5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source	6.6	39	0	purine nucleoside
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	5.16	18	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	2.06	1	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.	2.47	2	0	adamantanes; polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	1.98	1	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
thiazoles [no description available]	2	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	3.82	4	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
hemicholinium 3 Hemicholinium 3: A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments.	2.21	1	0
cyproterone acetate [no description available]	2.38	2	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; chlorinated steroid; steroid ester	androgen antagonist; geroprotector; progestin
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.	3.89	12	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	3.11	5	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	3.44	7	0
tetranitromethane [no description available]	1.99	1	0	organonitrogen compound
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	2.02	1	0
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.	2	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	3.11	5	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	1.99	1	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	2.69	3	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	2	1	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	2.4	2	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
cyclic cmp Cyclic CMP: A cyclic nucleotide formed from CYTIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE by the action of cytidylate cyclase. It is a potential cyclic nucleotide intracellular mediator of signal transductions.. 3',5'-cyclic CMP : A 3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.03	1	0	3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide	human metabolite
dideoxyadenosine Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.	1.99	1	0	adenosines; purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	3.81	11	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	1.98	1	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	2.02	1	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
nickel chloride nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.	2.06	1	0	nickel coordination entity	calcium channel blocker; hapten
thallium chloride thallium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	2	1	0	inorganic chloride; thallium molecular entity
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	2	1	0	cadmium coordination entity
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.08	1	0
cromolyn sodium Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.	2.39	2	0	organic sodium salt	anti-asthmatic drug; drug allergen
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	3.63	9	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
n-n-propylnorapomorphine N-n-propylnorapomorphine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	1.97	1	0
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.4	2	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.	3.4	7	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound	antidepressant; protein kinase agonist
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	6.12	29	1	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	2	1	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
adenosine diphosphate ribose Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.	2.03	1	0	ADP-sugar	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
substance p [no description available]	3.09	5	0	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.	1.98	1	0	butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	4.26	18	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.	2	1	0	nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide	potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	4.81	32	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.	2	1	0	benzodioxine; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
quinpirole Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.. quinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist.	4.32	19	0	pyrazoloquinoline	dopamine agonist
fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.	2.91	4	0
eticlopride eticlopride: blocks dopamine-D2 binding sites; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	2	1	0	salicylamides
n 0437, (-)-isomer rotigotine: Antiparkinson Agent and dopamine receptor agonist; structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.99	1	0	tetralins
mibefradil Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.	2.06	1	0	tetralins	T-type calcium channel blocker
irinotecan [no description available]	1.99	1	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
draflazine draflazine: a nucleoside transport inhibitor; has cardioprotective effect; draflazine is the (-)-enantiomer; R 88016 is the (+)-enantiomer	1.99	1	0
mk 0591 MK 0591: structure given in first source; MK 0591 was previously L-686,708; inhibits leukotriene biosynthesis by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase activating protein	2	1	0
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	13.63	884	2	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
rolofylline rolofylline: selective antagonist for adenosine receptors; a cardiovascular agent	4.53	4	0	oxopurine
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
plerixafor plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.	2.25	1	0	azacycloalkane; azamacrocycle; benzenes; crown amine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist; immunological adjuvant
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	2.11	1	0	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
isoguanosine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	purine nucleoside
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1	3.7	10	0	purine nucleoside
metrifudil [no description available]	2.9	4	0
benzeneboronic acid [no description available]	1.98	1	0	boronic acids
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	8.76	167	1	1,2,3-triazole
cromakalim Cromakalim: A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)	3.11	5	0
1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	imidazoles
epidepride epidepride: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	2.49	2	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
cytidylyl-3',5'-adenosine cytidylyl adenosine: CPA removed as SY because it is also used as an abbreviation for N6-cyclopentyladenosine, CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE, and cyclopiazonic acid	2.69	3	0	nucleoside analogue; purines
3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol: noradrenaline metabolite in mouse brain; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol : A tetrol composed of ethyleneglycol having a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at the 1-position.	2	1	0	catechols; tetrol	metabolite; mouse metabolite
5'-adenylyl (beta,gamma-methylene)diphosphonate 5'-adenylyl (beta,gamma-methylene)diphosphonate: do not confuse with alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate	1.98	1	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.39	7	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
adenosine 5'-methylenediphosphate [no description available]	2.92	4	0	nucleoside diphosphate analogue
n(6)-benzyladenosine N(6)-benzyladenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
levobupivacaine Levobupivacaine: S-enantiomer of bupivacaine that is used as a local anesthetic and for regional nerve blocks, including EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA.. levobupivacaine : The (S)-(-)-enantiomer of bupivacaine.	2.05	1	0	1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide	adrenergic antagonist; amphiphile; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; local anaesthetic
1,3-dipropyl-8-(2-amino-4-chlorophenyl)xanthine [no description available]	4.59	8	0
arginine methyl ester arginine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.05	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester
phenylisopropyladenosine [no description available]	5.4	11	0	aromatic amine; benzenes; hydrocarbyladenosine; purine nucleoside; secondary amino compound	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent
6-(4-nitrobenzylthio)guanosine 6-(4-nitrobenzylthio)guanosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport	1.99	1	0
5-iodotubercidin 7-iodotubercidin: inhibits Toxoplasma gondii adenosine kinase	2.91	4	0	organoiodine compound
5'-n-methylcarboxamideadenosine 5'-N-methylcarboxamideadenosine: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer	3.24	6	0
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine: potent & selective in vivo antagonist of adenosine analogs	7.4	36	1
n(6)-phenyladenosine [no description available]	3.48	2	0	purine nucleoside
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.01	1	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	metabolite
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane 1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer	2	1	0
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.. DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond.	1.98	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	delta-opioid receptor agonist
u 73122 1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.	2.42	2	0	aromatic ether; aza-steroid; maleimides	EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
u 69593 U 69593: selective ligand for opioid K-receptor. U69593 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid and the secodary amino group of (5R,7S,8S)-N-methyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-amine.	2	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine; organic heterobicyclic compound; oxaspiro compound	anti-inflammatory agent; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source	2	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate
1,9-dideoxyforskolin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	acetate ester; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound	plant metabolite
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	2.69	3	0	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	1.98	1	0
n-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine N-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	4.14	16	0
morphiceptin, n-me-phe(3)- morphiceptin, N-Me-Phe(3)-: RN given refers to D-prolinamide, all L-isomer	1.98	1	0
formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine methyl ester [no description available]	2.03	1	0	peptide
bw a1433u BW A1433U: adenosine A3 receptor antagonist; attenuates hypoxia-induced AH interval prolongation; derivative of 1,3-dipropyl-8-phenylxanthine	1.98	1	0
saclofen saclofen: GABA-A receptor antagonist	2	1	0	organochlorine compound
iodosulpride iodosulpride: 125I labeled; selective ligand for brain dopamine receptors; structure given in first source	2	1	0
n-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-n-methyl-4-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-1h-purin-8-yl)benzenesulfonamide N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-N-methyl-4-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-1H-purin-8-yl)benzenesulfonamide: structure given in first source; purinergic receptor antagonist	2.9	4	0
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.	7.68	28	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organoiodine compound	adenosine A3 receptor agonist
kf 17837s KF 17837: adenosine A(2a) receptor antagonist; KF17837S is the equilibrium mixture of (E)- and (Z)-isomers	5.44	20	0
2-chloro-n(6)cyclopentyladenosine 2-chloro-N(6)cyclopentyladenosine: highly selective agonist at A1 adenosine receptors	8.25	51	0
rmi 12330a RMI 12330A: adenyl cyclase inhibitor in rat liver; RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; NM refers to HCl, (cis)-isomer; structure	2.41	2	0
4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-n,n-diethylbenzamide 4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide: a highly-selective, nonpeptide delta opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source	2	1	0	diarylmethane
cp 66713 CP 66713: adenosine receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	5.1	5	0
dibutyryl cyclic-3',5'-cytidine monophosphate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
adenosine amine congener adenosine amine congener: a highly potent & selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist	4.19	5	0
8-(4-carboxymethyloxy)phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine 8-(4-carboxymethyloxy)phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine: used to localize adenosine receptors in the brain	3.08	1	0
n 0861 N 0861: adenosine receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.68	3	0
methotrexate [no description available]	2.78	3	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
ro 32-0432 [no description available]	2.02	1	0
7-bromoeudistomine d 7-bromoeudistomine D: inducer of calcium release from fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum	2.44	2	0
n(6)-2-(4-amino-3-iodophenyl)ethyladenosine [no description available]	2.01	1	0
sdz pco 400 SDZ PCO 400: a potassium channel opening drug	1.98	1	0	1-benzopyran
8-(dicyclopropylmethyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine 8-(dicyclopropylmethyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: selective A1 adenosine receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	3.08	1	0
kfm 19 KFM 19: a potential cognitive enhancer and a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist	3.08	1	0
omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.	2.39	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
l 741626 3-(4-(4-chlorophenyl-4-hydroxypiperidino)methyl)indole: structure in first source	2.25	1	0	piperidines
2-(1-octynyl)adenosine YT 146: an adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source	4.85	6	0
1-deazaadenosine 1-deazaadenosine: inhibits nucleic acid & protein synthesis; structure given in first source	2	1	0
r 64719 soluflazine: nucleoside transport inhibitor; analog of mioflazine	1.99	1	0
bw a522 BW A522: blocks adenosine A3 receptor-mediated hypotensive responses in rats	2	1	0
sdz wag-994 N(6)-cyclohexyl-2-O-methyladenosine: an A1-adenosine receptor agonist	2.4	2	0
2-hexynyladenosine-5'-n-ethylcarboxamide 2-hexynyladenosine-5'-N-ethylcarboxamide: adenosine receptor agonist	3.6	9	0
1,3-dipropylxanthine 1,3-dipropylxanthine: has high affinity for adenosine receptors; structure given in first source	2.4	2	0
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	2.91	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	2.68	3	0
sb 216763 [no description available]	2.15	1	0	indoles; maleimides
zm 241385 ZM 241385: a high affinity radioligand selective for the A2a adenosine receptor	11.01	110	1	diamino-1,3,5-triazine
sch 58261 [no description available]	6.14	6	0	triazolopyrimidines
regadenoson [no description available]	5.84	6	0	purine nucleoside
8-cyclohexylcaffeine [no description available]	3.08	1	0
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.75	3	0	2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.	2	1	0	monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor
wortmannin [no description available]	2.42	2	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
mrs 1191 MRS 1191: a selective A3 adenosine receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.44	2	0	cinnamate ester
mrs 1220 9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-5-phenylacetylamino(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazoline: structure in first source	2.93	4	0	quinazolines
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.	2.44	2	0
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	2.01	1	0
bradykinin [no description available]	2.9	4	0	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.	2.92	4	0	myo-inositol trisphosphate	mouse metabolite
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	2.72	3	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
pentostatin Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.	2.39	2	0	coformycins	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.	2.91	4	0	guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
adenosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for thio group; see also records for 1-thio & 2-thio-isomers. adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is ATP in which one of the oxygens attached to 3-phosphate group is replaced by sulfur.	2.39	2	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	1.99	1	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	2.05	1	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
rocuronium Rocuronium: An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.. rocuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.	2.04	1	0	3alpha-hydroxy steroid; acetate ester; androstane; morpholines; quaternary ammonium ion; tertiary amino compound	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
ryanodine Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.	2.45	2	0
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	3.51	8	0	tripeptide
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	2.72	3	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	3.75	10	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	2	1	0	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	2.41	2	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide) Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.	9.49	178	1	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; adenosine A2A receptor agonist; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).	2.7	3	0	prostaglandins D	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	3.64	9	0	N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
gs 4071 GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.	2.11	1	0	acetate ester; amino acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; marine xenobiotic metabolite
kt 5720 KT 5720: indolocarbazole; synthetic derivative of K 252a. KT 5720 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of hexyl (3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2R,3S,5S product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.	2.69	3	0	carboxylic ester; gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol	EC 2.7.11.11 (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
wr-142,490 (+)-(11R,2'S)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (+)-(11R,2'S)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.	3.19	1	0	[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol	antimalarial
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2.02	1	0	actinomycin	mutagen
enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.	3.5	8	0	pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion	analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite
1-deaza-2-chloro-n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine 1-deaza-2-chloro-N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine: adenosine A(1) receptor agonist	1.98	1	0
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	2.02	1	0	stilbene
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.	1.98	1	0	vasopressin	cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen
tram 34 TRAM 34: inhibits IKCa1; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	organochlorine compound
n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine [no description available]	8.84	106	0
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.02	1	0	catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
thioinosine Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)	3.7	10	0
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	1.98	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	2.94	4	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
1,3-dimethylthiourea [no description available]	2	1	0
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	2.44	2	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	1.99	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
n-hydroxy-n'-(4-butyl-2-methylphenyl)formamidine HET0016: 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid synthesis inhibitor	2.04	1	0	toluenes
t 0070907 T 0070907: a PPARgamma antagonist; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	carbonyl compound; organohalogen compound
gsk 3787 [no description available]	2.15	1	0
krn 7000 KRN 7000: has an alpha-galactosylceramide structure; structure given in first source. alpha-galactosylceramide : A galactosylceramide in which the galactosyl residue has alpha anomeric conofiguration.. 1-O-(alpha-D-galactosyl)-N-hexacosanoylphytosphingosine : A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactosyl residue at the O-1 position and a hexacosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.	2.1	1	0	glycophytoceramide; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylphytosphingosine	allergen; antigen; antineoplastic agent; epitope; immunological adjuvant
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.01	1	0	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine: an mGlu5 antagonist. 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine : A methylpyridine that coinsists of 2-methylp[yridine bearing an additional phenylethynyl group at position 6. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw.	2.42	2	0	acetylenic compound; methylpyridines	anxiolytic drug; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	1.98	1	0	alkali metal atom
raclopride Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.	3.95	13	0	salicylamides
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester [no description available]	2.01	1	0
fk 838 FK 838: an adenosine subtype-1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2	1	0
4-(1h-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)piperidine 4-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)piperidine: structure in first source	2.1	1	0	piperidines
2-chloro-n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-n-methyluronamide 2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide: structure given in first source	5.98	13	0
adenosine-5'-(N-propyl)carboxamide adenosine-5'-(N-propyl)carboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the propyl amide of adenosine 5'-carboxylic acid.	2	1	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide
2-(4-(2-(2-((4-aminophenyl)methylcarbonylamino)ethylaminocarbonyl)ethyl)phenyl)ethylamino-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine 2-(4-(2-(2-((4-aminophenyl)methylcarbonylamino)ethylaminocarbonyl)ethyl)phenyl)ethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source	2.4	2	0
2-((2-aminoethylamino)carbonylethylphenylethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine 2-((2-aminoethylamino)carbonylethylphenylethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source	4.72	5	0
phosphothreonine Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.	2.01	1	0	L-threonine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	2.01	1	0
gw 7647 GW 7647: a PPAR-alpha agonist; structure in first source. GW 7647 : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-(phenylsulfanyl)isobutyric acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at the para- position by a 3-aza-7-cyclohexylhept-1-yl group in which the nitrogen is acylated by a (cyclohexylamino)carbonyl group.	2.52	2	0	aryl sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; ureas	PPARalpha agonist
2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine 2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine: activates mGlu(5) receptors; structure in first source	2.42	2	0
mrs 1523 2,3-diethyl-4,5-dipropyl-6-phenylpyridine-3-thiocarboxylate-5-carboxylate: adenosine A3 receptor antagonist	4.39	3	0
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.	2.41	2	0	quinoxaline derivative
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	3.26	6	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	2.92	4	0	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
arachidonyltrifluoromethane arachidonyltrifluoromethane: structure given in first source; inhibits 85-kDa phospholipase A2. AACOCF3 : A fatty acid derivative that is arachidonic acid in which the OH part of the carboxy group has been replaced by a trifluoromethyl group	2.06	1	0	fatty acid derivative; ketone; olefinic compound; organofluorine compound	EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	2	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.	2.01	1	0	epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A	mouse metabolite
8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14.	2.96	4	0	fatty acid 20:3; long-chain fatty acid	fungal metabolite; human metabolite; nutraceutical
alprostadil [no description available]	3.8	2	1	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.	2.38	2	0	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
genistein [no description available]	2.01	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	2.01	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
galangin 5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.	1.99	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; trihydroxyflavone	antimicrobial agent; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: stimulator of renal sodium, potassium atpase; RN given is for the (all-Z) isomer. 20-HETE : A HETE that consists of arachidonic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 20.	2.72	3	0	HETE; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	2.92	4	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxymorphone Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)	2	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
brefeldin a [no description available]	2.02	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	3.26	6	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
mre 3008-f20 MRE 3008-F20: InChIKey: CJRNHKSLHHWUAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N	4.74	3	0
2-methylthio-atp 2-methylthio-ATP: purinergic receptors agonist; relaxes mammalian gut preparations; structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
adp beta s adenosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate): partial agonist toward platelet aggregation; see also record for 1-thiodiphosphate cpd	2.41	2	0
istradefylline [no description available]	5.51	12	0	oxopurine
osip 339391 UCS15A: from Streptomyces; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
neurokinin a Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.	1.98	1	0
n-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine, (s)-isomer [no description available]	2.91	4	0
kn 62 KN 62: inhibitor of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	2.03	1	0	piperazines
6,7-dihydroxyflavone 6,7-dihydroxyflavone: intensifies effect of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus; structure in first source	2.31	1	0
8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine: adenosine antagonist. 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine : Caffeine substituted at its 8-position by an (E)-3-chlorostyryl group.	5.17	18	0	monochlorobenzenes; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
bay 11-7085 BAY11-7085 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [(E)-2-cyanoethenyl]sulfonyl and tert-butyl groups at position 1 and 4, respectively. It is an irreversible inhibitor of IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells (IC50 = 10 muM) and prevents the activation of NF-kappaB.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; nitrile; sulfone	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; NF-kappaB inhibitor
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	2	1	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).	2	1	0	boron group element atom
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	2.43	2	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
isoalloxazine isoalloxazine: structure	3.13	5	0	benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	1.99	1	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	2.04	1	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.	2.92	4	0
resiniferatoxin resiniferatoxin: phorbol related diterpene ester; potent agonist of vanilloid TRPV1 receptors. resiniferatoxin : A heteropentacyclic compound found in Euphorbia poissonii with molecular formula C37H40O9. It is an agonist of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1).	2.02	1	0	carboxylic ester; diterpenoid; enone; monomethoxybenzene; organic heteropentacyclic compound; ortho ester; phenols; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	analgesic; neurotoxin; plant metabolite; TRPV1 agonist
cgp 37849 2-amino-4-methyl-5-phosphono-3-pentenoic acid: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; CGP-40116 is the (R)-enantiomer of CGP-37849; CGP-40017 is the L-isomer	1.98	1	0
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	3.26	6	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	3.1	5	0	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
bw a1433 BW A1433: adenosine receptor antagonist	2.68	3	0
fk 453 FK 453: adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a new antihypertensive agent with diuretic action in isolated rabbit aorta; FR113452 is the S-(-) enantiomer of FK 453	4.42	2	0
gw 1929 GW 1929: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	benzophenones
mrs 1754 [no description available]	3.62	2	0	oxopurine
ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.	2.68	3	0	diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound
adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate: RP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A inhibitor; SP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A agonist. (Sp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).. (Rp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Rp-stereoisomer).	2.69	3	0	nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.	2	1	0	cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	calcium ionophore; metabolite
cv 1808 2-phenylaminoadenosine: has coronary & cardiohemodynamic effects	5.68	15	0	purine nucleoside
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	2.05	1	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(4-((1-ethyl-3-piperidyl)amino)-6-methyl-2-pyrimidinyl)guanidine 1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(4-((1-ethyl-3-piperidyl)amino)-6-methyl-2-pyrimidinyl)guanidine: structure	3.51	1	0
binodenoson [no description available]	4.26	5	0
8-bromoadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Sp)-8-bromo-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having 8-bromoadenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).	2	1	0
gw 501516 GW 501516: a selective PPARdelta agonist; structure in first source. GW 501516 : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a (1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)sulfanediyl group, and in which the 1,3-thiazolyl group is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by p-trifluoromethylphenyl and methyl groups, respectively.	2.15	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; aromatic ether; aryl sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound	carcinogenic agent; PPARbeta/delta agonist
atl 146e BMS-068645: structure in first source	5.84	6	0
5'-amino-5'-deoxyadenosine [no description available]	2.39	2	0
uk-432097 UK-432097: a highly potent and selective agonist and drug candidate for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment; structure in first source	2.49	2	0
n(6)-cyclohexyladenosine N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine: structure given in first source; receptors, purinergic P1 agonist	7.64	44	0
cangrelor cangrelor: platelet P(2T) receptor antagonist. cangrelor : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is 5'-O-[({[dichloro(phosphono)methyl](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]adenosine carrying additional 2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl and (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfanyl substituents at positions N6 and C2 respectively. Used (in the form of its tetrasodium salt) as an intravenous antiplatelet drug that prevents formation of harmful blood clots in the coronary arteries.	2.02	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; aryl sulfide; nucleoside triphosphate analogue; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
flag peptide FLAG peptide: engineered as a tag for immunoaffinity purification of genetically-engineered proteins; amino acid sequence given in first source; a polar octapeptide. FLAG peptide : An eight amino acid peptide consisting of L-aspartic acid, L-tyrosine, L-lysine, four L-aspartic acid residues, and L-lysine joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is widely used as a fusion tag for the purification and detection of a wide variety of recombinant proteins.	1.99	1	0	peptide
st 1535 [no description available]	3.19	1	0
ripasudil [no description available]	3.23	1	0	isoquinolines
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	3.9	12	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
cp 105696 CP 105696: a leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2	1	0
lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).	2.01	1	0	dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester	Escherichia coli metabolite
n-((1s,trans)-2-hydroxycyclopentyl)adenosine N-((1S,trans)-2-hydroxycyclopentyl)adenosine: structure given in first source; an adenosine A1 receptor agonist	5.11	5	0	purine nucleoside
a 134974 A 134974: structure in first source	2.15	1	0
2-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethoxy)adenosine 2-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethoxy)adenosine: a adenosine A2A receptor agonist	4.39	6	0
mrs 1097 [no description available]	3.23	1	0
3-iodo-4-aminobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine 3-iodo-4-aminobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodo-4-aminobenzyl group.	1.98	1	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organoiodine compound
arl-67156 6-N,N-diethyl-beta,gamma-dibromomethylene-D-ATP: an inhibitor of ecto-ATPase	2.03	1	0
n-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide N-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide: inhibits rat renal microsomal arachidonic acid epoxidation	2.45	2	0
2-(2-furanyl)-7-(2-(4-(4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-7h-pyrazolo(4,3-e)(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)pyrimidine-5-amine [no description available]	4.19	2	0
n(6)-(2,2-diphenylethyl)adenosine N(6)-(2,2-diphenylethyl)adenosine: adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source	3.51	2	0
cgs 24012 CGS 24012: adenosine agonist with both high affinity & selectivity for the adenosine A2 receptor	5.16	15	0
n-cyclopropyl adenosine-5'-carboxamide [no description available]	2	1	0
sch 442416 SCH 442416: an adenosine A2A receptor ligand	5.34	6	0	triazolopyrimidines
ucn 1028 c calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides	2.39	2	0
brimonidine tartrate Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.	2.41	2	0
3-cyano-n-(1,3-diphenyl-1h-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide 3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide: affects mGluR5 receptors; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
mrs 3558 [no description available]	4.04	1	0
pyrrophenone pyrrophenone: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
cvt-6883 3-ethyl-1-propyl-8-(1-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
apremilast [no description available]	2.11	1	0	aromatic ether; N-acetylarylamine; phthalimides; sulfone	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
ino-8875 INO-8875: structure in first source	3.23	1	0
veratridine Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.	2.9	4	0
tozadenant tozadenant: an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist	4.19	2	0	benzothiazoles
atl 313 ATL 313: A2A adenosine receptor agonist	4.27	5	0
psb 36 1-butyl-8-(3-noradamantyl)-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)xanthine: an A1 receptor antagonist	3.51	1	0	oxopurine
bay 60-6583 BAY 60-6583: structure in first source. BAY 60-6583 : A member of the class of cyanopyridines that is 6-amino-3,5-dicyano-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-sulfanylpyridine in which the hydroxy and sulfanyl hydrogens are replaced by cyclopropylmethyl and carboxamidomethyl groups respectively.	3.16	5	0	aminopyridine; aromatic ether; aryl sulfide; cyanopyridine; cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid amide	adenosine A2B receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent; cardioprotective agent
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	2.91	4	0
lj 529 [no description available]	2.15	1	0
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	2.02	1	0	benzoxazole
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.47	2	0
mefloquine Mefloquine: A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.. mefloquine : A racemate composed of (+)-(11R,2'S)- and (-)-(11S,2'R)-enantiomers of mefloquine. An antimalarial agent which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.	2.01	1	0
butaprost butaprost: highly selective prostaglandin receptor agonist; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	2.13	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.	2.01	1	0
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	2.41	2	0	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
alamethicin Alamethicin: A cyclic nonadecapeptide antibiotic that can act as an ionophore and is produced by strains of Trichoderma viride. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	1.98	1	0
gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	2.42	2	0
beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).	1.99	1	0
neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.	2.4	2	0
iberiotoxin [no description available]	2.7	3	0
adenosine kinase Adenosine Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. EC 2.7.1.20.	3.4	7	0
v 2006 3-(4-amino-3-methylbenzyl)-7-(2-furyl)-3H-(1,2,3)triazolo(4,5-d)pyrimidine-5-amine: antiparkinson agent; structure in first source	4.19	2	0
technetium tc 99m sestamibi Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi: A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack.	2	1	0
9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-adenine [no description available]	2.95	4	0
bis(1,3-diethylthiobarbiturate)trimethineoxonol bis(1,3-diethylthiobarbiturate)trimethineoxonol: fluorescent probe for membrane potentials	1.98	1	0
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	3.39	7	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.	1.99	1	0
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	2.71	3	0
11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid 11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (11S,12R)-EET : An 11,12-EET in which the epoxy moiety has 11S,12R-configuration.. 11,12-EET : An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 11,12-double bond of arachidonic acid.	2.03	1	0	11,12-EET	human xenobiotic metabolite
glycolipids [no description available]	2.01	1	0
psb603 PSB603: an adenosine A2B receptor antagonist	3.62	2	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	3.18	5	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.05	1	0
gsk0660 GSK0660: PPAR antagonist; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	sulfonamide
vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).	2.94	4	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2	1	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
omega-agatoxin iva omega-Agatoxin IVA: A neuropeptide toxin from the venom of the funnel web spider, Agelenopsis aperta. It inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, P-TYPE by altering the voltage-dependent gating so that very large depolarizations are needed for channel opening. It also inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, Q-TYPE.	2.4	2	0
snx 230 omega-conotoxin-MVIIC: isolated from Conus magus; amino acid sequence given in first source	2	1	0
okadaic acid Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.	2.41	2	0	ketal
snx 482 SNX 482: from venom of tarantula, Hysterocrates gigas; amino acid sequence in first source	2.06	1	0
kaliotoxin kaliotoxin: peptidyl inhibitor of neuronal BK-type calcium-activated K+ channels from Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus venom; MW 4 kDa; amino acid sequence has been determined	2.02	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	2.03	1	0
myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55) [no description available]	2.13	1	0
digitonin Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.	1.99	1	0
apyrase Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.	3.02	4	0
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	2.01	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.91	4	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.9	4	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	1.99	1	0	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
hypoxanthine [no description available]	2.42	2	0	nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	fundamental metabolite
inosine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.	3.5	8	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
guanylyl imidodiphosphate Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).	3.77	11	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate) [no description available]	2.39	2	0	nucleoside diphosphate analogue
1-hydroxyphenazine 1-hydroxyphenazine: a virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 1-hydroxyphenazine : A phenazine carrying a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position.	2	1	0	phenazines
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	1.98	1	0
psb 11 [no description available]	3.51	1	0
n-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-2-(5-(2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1h-purin-8-yl)-1-methyl-1h-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-acetamide [no description available]	3.62	2	0
luf 5834 2-amino-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethylsulfanyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	2.44	2	0
preproenkephalin preproenkephalin: initial enkephalin precursor	2.41	2	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	3.08	5	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	3.08	5	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	3.41	7	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	3.27	6	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	3.41	7	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	3.27	6	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	5.47	15	1
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	3.11	5	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	7.68	78	2
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	3.11	5	0
Bronchial Hyperreactivity Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.	2.02	1	0
Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.	3.86	1	0
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	2.75	3	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	2.44	2	0
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	3.85	2	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	2.96	4	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	2.15	1	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Itching [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	2.21	1	0
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	2.21	1	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.25	1	0
Consciousness, Loss of [description not available]	3.52	4	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	3.56	8	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	3.33	4	0
Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.	3.35	5	0
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available]	3.33	4	0
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.	3.33	4	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	3.01	3	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	3.01	3	0
Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available]	3.14	4	0
Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.	3.14	4	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	4.33	7	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	4.33	7	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	4.15	16	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	3.63	9	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	4.15	16	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	3.63	9	0
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis [description not available]	2.59	2	0
Spondylitis, Ankylosing A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.	2.59	2	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	2.25	1	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.25	1	0
Segond Fracture [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA.	2.25	1	0
Autism Spectrum Disorder Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)	2.63	2	0
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	2.93	4	0
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	2.93	4	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	2.51	2	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	3.15	5	0
Psoriasis Arthropathica [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	3.15	5	0
Arthritis, Psoriatic A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor.	2.15	1	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	2.58	2	0
Ache [description not available]	3.81	11	0
Inadequate Sleep [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	3.81	11	0
Anasarca [description not available]	3.11	5	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	4.82	31	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	3.11	5	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	4.82	31	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	4.4	4	1
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	4.4	4	1
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.17	1	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	2.17	1	0
Clostridium tetani Infection [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Tetanus A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.	2.21	1	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	3.15	5	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	2.74	3	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	4.37	4	1
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	4.37	4	1
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available]	3.03	4	0
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)	3.03	4	0
Deafness, Transitory [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Acoustic Trauma Usually refer to hearing loss due to a single noise event such as an explosion or shotgun blast.	2.51	2	0
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.	2.51	2	0
Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.	2.21	1	0
Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Antiphospholipid Syndrome The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ANTIBODIES, ANTICARDIOLIPIN). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR).	2.21	1	0
Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.	2.21	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	3.64	9	0
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.	2.21	1	0
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	2.08	1	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.	2.08	1	0
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	2.08	1	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	2.76	3	0
Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available]	2.96	4	0
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.	2.43	2	0
Neurovisceral Storage Disease with Vertical Supranuclear Ophthalmoplegia [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder that is characterized by accumulation of CHOLESTEROL and SPHINGOMYELINS in cells of the VISCERA and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Type C (or C1) and type D are allelic disorders caused by mutation of the NPC1 gene, which encodes a protein that mediates intracellular cholesterol transport from LYSOSOMES. Clinical signs include hepatosplenomegaly and chronic neurological symptoms. Type D is a variant in people with a Nova Scotia ancestry.	2.51	2	0
Cranial Nerve II Injuries [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Hepatitis, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.	2.44	2	0
Astrocytosis [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	2.1	1	0
Cocaine Abuse [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Cocaine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.	2.78	3	0
Hyperactivity, Motor [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	2.7	3	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	2.5	2	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	3.47	7	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	3.96	13	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	3.96	13	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	2.81	3	0
Palsy [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)	2.11	1	0
Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.	2.11	1	0
Diathesis [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	2.96	4	0
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	2.96	4	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2.46	2	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	2.11	1	0
Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.	2.11	1	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	2.13	1	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Allergic Neuritis, Experimental [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	2.13	1	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	2.13	1	0
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	2.15	1	0
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	2.51	2	0
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	2.44	2	0
Experimental Spinal Cord Ischemia [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	3.88	12	0
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.	2.04	1	0
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	4.03	5	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	3.88	12	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	3.61	9	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	3.88	12	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2.7	3	0
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	4.19	17	0
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	2.05	1	0
Active Hyperemia [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).	2.46	2	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	3.29	6	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	3.29	6	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	3.27	6	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	3.27	6	0
Catatonic Rigidity [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Muscle Rigidity Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73)	2.71	3	0
Morphine Abuse [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	3.51	8	0
Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.	2.05	1	0
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	3.51	8	0
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease [description not available]	3.27	6	0
Huntington Disease A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)	3.27	6	0
Lung Injury, Ventilator-Induced [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	2.05	1	0
Absence Seizure Disorder [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Epilepsy, Absence A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736)	2.05	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	3.39	7	0
Allodynia [description not available]	3.4	7	0
Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Decerebrate Posturing [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	2.05	1	0
Bronchiolitis, Exudative [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES leading to an obstructive lung disease. Bronchioles are characterized by fibrous granulation tissue with bronchial exudates in the lumens. Clinical features include a nonproductive cough and DYSPNEA.	2.05	1	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	2.06	1	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	2.06	1	0
Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.	3.62	3	0
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	2.06	1	0
Lupus Nephritis Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).	2.06	1	0
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	2.47	2	0
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	2.47	2	0
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.	2.06	1	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	2.06	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	3.11	5	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	2.06	1	0
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	2.07	1	0
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	2.07	1	0
Autoimmune Experimental Myasthenia Gravis [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Prosthesis Durability [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Binge-Eating Disorder A disorder associated with three or more of the following: eating until feeling uncomfortably full; eating large amounts of food when not physically hungry; eating much more rapidly than normal; eating alone due to embarrassment; feeling of disgust, DEPRESSION, or guilt after overeating. Criteria includes occurrence on average, at least 2 days a week for 6 months. The binge eating is not associated with the regular use of inappropriate compensatory behavior (i.e. purging, excessive exercise, etc.) and does not co-occur exclusively with BULIMIA NERVOSA or ANOREXIA NERVOSA. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	2.07	1	0
Lassitude [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	2.08	1	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	2.08	1	0
Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Hepatitis, Autoimmune A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.	2.01	1	0
Apnea A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	2.7	3	0
Basal Ganglia Diseases Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	2.01	1	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	2.01	1	0
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	2.01	1	0
Anochlesia [description not available]	3.6	9	0
Gait Disorders, Animal [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	2.41	2	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	2.01	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	4.01	14	0
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.	2.01	1	0
Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available]	3.62	3	0
Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.	3.62	3	0
Distorted Hearing [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	2.02	1	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	2.02	1	0
Angiitis [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	2.02	1	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	2.02	1	0
Abnormal Movements [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	2.02	1	0
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	2.02	1	0
Choreoathetosis Self-Mutilation Hyperuricemia Syndrome [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome An inherited disorder transmitted as a sex-linked trait and caused by a deficiency of an enzyme of purine metabolism; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE. Affected individuals are normal in the first year of life and then develop psychomotor retardation, extrapyramidal movement disorders, progressive spasticity, and seizures. Self-destructive behaviors such as biting of fingers and lips are seen frequently. Intellectual impairment may also occur but is typically not severe. Elevation of uric acid in the serum leads to the development of renal calculi and gouty arthritis. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp127)	2.02	1	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	2.69	3	0
Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.	2.02	1	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	2.44	2	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Shock, Traumatic Shock produced as a result of trauma.	2.43	2	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	2.43	2	0
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	2.03	1	0
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	2.03	1	0
Diaphragmatic Paralysis [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Impotence, Arteriogenic [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.69	3	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	2.03	1	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	2.7	3	0
Angiospasm, Intracranial [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	2.03	1	0
Vasospasm, Intracranial Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).	2.03	1	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	2.03	1	0
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	2.92	4	0
Apnea, Sleep [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Sleep Apnea Syndromes Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.	1.98	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Erythrocytosis [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.4	2	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	2.4	2	0
Impotence [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.	3.37	1	1
Polyarthritis [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	2.67	3	0
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)	2.67	3	0
Hyperthyroid [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.	2.38	2	0
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	1.98	1	0
Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.	1.98	1	0
Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	1.98	1	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	1.98	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.	1.99	1	0
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	1.99	1	0
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Parkinson Disease, Secondary Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)	2.4	2	0
Hibernation, Myocardial [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.	1.99	1	0
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)	1.99	1	0
Psychoses, Drug [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	1.99	1	0
Neuritis A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.	1.99	1	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	1.99	1	0
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	2.39	2	0
Bradykinesia [description not available]	2	1	0
Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome [description not available]	2	1	0
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. It is inherited as an X-linked or autosomal recessive defect. Mutations occurring in many different genes cause human Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID).	2	1	0
Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.	2	1	0
Chorea Disorders [description not available]	2	1	0
Dystonia An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)	2.41	2	0
Chorea Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.	2	1	0
Anoxia, Fetal [description not available]	2	1	0
Fetal Hypoxia Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD.	2	1	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	2	1	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	2	1	0
Depression, Endogenous [description not available]	2	1	0
Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.	2	1	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	2	1	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	2	1	0
Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.	2	1	0
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	2	1	0
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	2	1	0
Adipocere [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Rheumatism [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Rheumatic Diseases Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.	1.97	1	0

2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (49)

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (2)

Drug Classes (3)

Pathways (1)

Protein Targets (17)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (105)

Molecular Functions (16)

Ceullar Components (19)

Bioassays (218)

Research

Studies (934)

Study Types

2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (49)

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (2)

Drug Classes (3)

Pathways (1)

Protein Targets (17)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (105)

Molecular Functions (16)

Ceullar Components (19)

Bioassays (218)

Research

Studies (934)

Study Types

Related Drugs (506)

Related Conditions (327)