negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response. [GOC:TermGenie]

Negative regulation of cytokine production is a critical process for controlling inflammation, preventing excessive immune responses that can lead to tissue damage and disease. This intricate process involves a complex interplay of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and regulatory proteins, ultimately aiming to limit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

One primary mechanism involves the activation of inhibitory receptors on immune cells. These receptors, such as CTLA-4, PD-1, and IL-10 receptor, upon ligand binding, initiate intracellular signaling cascades that suppress the activation and differentiation of T cells, key players in inflammatory responses. This suppression can occur through various mechanisms, including the induction of negative regulatory proteins, such as SOCS and SHP, which inhibit downstream signaling pathways.

Another key aspect is the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGF-β. These cytokines act on immune cells to dampen the inflammatory response by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, promoting the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) which actively suppress inflammation, and reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as chemokines and adhesion molecules.

Furthermore, the induction of apoptosis in activated immune cells plays a crucial role in regulating inflammation. Certain anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), can trigger programmed cell death in activated immune cells, thereby limiting their pro-inflammatory activity.

In addition to these cellular mechanisms, the regulation of transcription factors, such as NF-κB and STAT, plays a vital role in controlling cytokine production. These transcription factors are responsible for activating the expression of genes involved in inflammation. Negative regulation occurs through the activation of inhibitory proteins that block the activity of these transcription factors, thereby limiting the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes.

The fine-tuned balance of these complex regulatory mechanisms is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing uncontrolled inflammation. Dysregulation of this intricate process can contribute to a range of inflammatory diseases, highlighting the importance of understanding and targeting these pathways for therapeutic interventions.'
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Proteins (7)

Compounds (461)