glutamic acid has been researched along with kynurenic acid in 322 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 20 (6.21) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 130 (40.37) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 113 (35.09) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 53 (16.46) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 6 (1.86) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Bartlett, RD; Bridges, RJ; Carrigan, CN; Esslinger, CS; Thompson, CM | 1 |
| Becker, DP; Hovda, DA; Katayama, Y; Kawamata, T; Yoshino, A | 1 |
| Aceves, J; Arias-Montaño, JA; Martínez-Fong, D | 1 |
| Bowyer, JF; Frame, LT; Lipe, GW; Newport, GD | 1 |
| Currie, SN; Stein, PS | 1 |
| Pinnock, RD | 1 |
| Abarca, J; Bradberry, CW; Bustos, G; Forray, MI; Gysling, K; Roth, RH | 1 |
| Alesiani, M; Ciuffi, M; Facci, L; Fadda, E; Galli, A; Lombardi, G; Mori, F; Moroni, F; Natalini, B; Skaper, SD | 1 |
| Beart, PM; Marley, PD; Mercer, LD; O'Shea, RD | 1 |
| Janssen, R | 1 |
| el-Asrar, AM; Maimone, D; Morse, PH; Reder, AT; Torczynski, E | 1 |
| Henry, JL; Hong, Y | 1 |
| Allix, M; Boulu, RG; Callebert, J; Ghribi, O; Lekieffre, D; Plotkine, M | 1 |
| Ivanova, SF; Sanzharovskiĭ, AV; Storozhuk, VM | 1 |
| Colquhoun, D; Edwards, FA; Gibb, AJ | 1 |
| Kihara, M; Kubo, T; Misu, Y | 1 |
| Kemp, JA; Priestley, T | 1 |
| Behbehani, MM; Richter, RC | 1 |
| Davidoff, RA; Hackman, JC | 1 |
| Okada, T; Tachibana, M | 1 |
| Kihara, M; Kubo, T | 1 |
| Canton, H; Colpaert, F; Lehmann, J | 1 |
| Eysel, UT; FitzGibbon, T; Funke, K | 1 |
| Appalsamy, M; Beck, C; Mosqueda-Garcia, R; Robertson, D; Tseng, CJ | 1 |
| Delrée, P; Lefebvre, PP; Leprince, P; Moonen, G; Rigo, JM; Rogister, B; Weber, T | 1 |
| Sircar, R; Zukin, SR | 1 |
| Akaoka, H; Aston-Jones, G | 1 |
| Beart, PM; Conway, EL; Manallack, DT; Mercer, LD; O'Shea, RD | 1 |
| Du, F; Schwarcz, R | 1 |
| Adams, RN; Cammack, J; Ghasemzadeh, B | 1 |
| Rios, C; Santamaria, A | 1 |
| Cherubini, E; Kilić, G; Moran, O | 1 |
| Glantz, RM; Pfeiffer-Linn, C | 1 |
| Garashchuk, OV; Koval'chuk, IuN; Kryshtal', OA | 1 |
| Frusciante, MJ; Javitt, DC; Nussenzveig, IZ; Sircar, R; Wong, ML; Zukin, SR | 1 |
| Sarafian, T; Torres, M; Verity, MA | 1 |
| Agarwal, SK; Calaresu, FR; Chitravanshi, VC | 1 |
| Benveniste, M; Mayer, ML | 1 |
| Alesiani, M; Carlà, V; Cherici, G; Galli, A; Mori, F; Moroni, F; Pecorari, R; Pellicciari, R | 1 |
| Keilhoff, G; Schmidt, W; Stastný, F; Wolf, G | 1 |
| Miyamoto, T; Okada, Y; Sakurai, T | 1 |
| Kendall, DA; Robinson, JP | 1 |
| Meguri, H; Ogita, K; Ohgaki, T; Uchida, S; Yoneda, Y | 1 |
| Engberg, G | 1 |
| Costa, E; Danysz, W; Fadda, E; Wroblewski, JT | 1 |
| Laguzzi, R; Le Galloudec, E; Merahi, N | 1 |
| Wu, SM; Yang, XL | 1 |
| Jahr, CE; Jessell, TM | 1 |
| Cotman, CW; Ganong, AH | 1 |
| Masui, H; Sato, H; Tsumoto, T | 1 |
| Jahr, CE; Yoshioka, K | 1 |
| Brooks, PA; Kelly, JS; Smith, DA; Stone, TW | 1 |
| Cheng, J; Simon, RP; Stout, S; Young, RS | 1 |
| Freeman, JA; Langdon, RB | 1 |
| Bobbin, RP; Ceasar, G | 1 |
| Hagiwara, S; Hirano, T | 1 |
| Dryer, SE | 1 |
| Kaneko, A; Tachibana, M | 1 |
| Obara, S; Okano, K | 1 |
| Akoev, GN; Andrianov, IuN; Sherman, NO | 1 |
| Sapru, HN; Urbanski, RW | 1 |
| Bowyer, JF; Davies, DL; Lipe, GW; Matthews, JC; Scallet, AC | 1 |
| Bergamaschi, C; Campos, RR; Lopes, OU; Schor, N | 1 |
| Anegawa, NJ; Lynch, DR; Pritchett, DB; Verdoorn, T | 1 |
| Herrera, AJ; Osborne, NN | 1 |
| Laurie, DJ; Seeburg, PH | 1 |
| Baudry, M; Marvizón, JC | 2 |
| Dowling, JE; Grant, GB | 1 |
| Hoffman, PL; Iorio, KR; Snell, LD; Tabakoff, B | 1 |
| Bessho, Y; Nakanishi, S; Nawa, H | 1 |
| Henry, JL; Radhakrishnan, V | 1 |
| Moran, O; Zegarra-Moran, O | 1 |
| Mennini, T; Miari, A; Presti, ML; Rizzi, M; Samanin, R; Vezzani, A | 1 |
| Bading, H; Dudek, H; Greenberg, ME; Lipton, SA; Segal, MM; Sucher, NJ | 1 |
| Magistretti, PJ; Pellerin, L; Stella, N | 1 |
| Croucher, MJ; Patel, DR; Sturt, NJ | 1 |
| Czachurski, J; Offner, B; Seller, H; Zanzinger, J | 1 |
| Becquet, D; Deprez, P; Fache, MP; Faudon, M; Giraud, P; Héry, F; Héry, M | 1 |
| D'Hooge, R; De Deyn, PP; Pei, YQ | 1 |
| Witkin, JM | 1 |
| Hirota, A; Kamino, K; Momose-Sato, Y; Sakai, T; Sato, K | 1 |
| Haddad, GG; Jiang, C | 1 |
| Chan, PH; Chang, LH; Espanol, MT; James, TL; Litt, L; Weinstein, P; Xu, Y; Yang, GY | 1 |
| Bonagamba, LG; Colombari, E; Machado, BH | 1 |
| Li, A; Nattie, EE | 1 |
| Boulu, RG; Callebert, J; Ghribi, O; Plotkine, M | 1 |
| Bousquet, P; Feldman, J; Mettauer, B; Monassier, L; Roegel, JC; Tibiriça, E | 1 |
| Frusciante, MJ; Javitt, DC; Zukin, SR | 1 |
| Hida, W; Kikuchi, Y; Kurosawa, H; Mizusawa, A; Ogawa, H; Okabe, S; Shirato, K; Takishima, T | 1 |
| Katayama, Y; Kawamata, T; Tanaka, H; Tsubokawa, T | 1 |
| Chan, PH; Chang, LH; Espanol, MT; James, TL; Litt, L; Weinstein, PR; Xu, Y | 1 |
| Onozuka, M; Watanabe, K | 1 |
| Ebner, TJ; Elias, SA; Yae, H | 1 |
| Penney, JB; Sakurai, SY; Young, AB | 1 |
| Boje, KM; Skolnick, P; Wong, G | 1 |
| Bowery, NG; Gaviraghi, G; Marien, MR; Ratti, E; Tacconi, S | 1 |
| Hirai, H; Okada, Y | 1 |
| Jürgens, U; Lu, CL | 1 |
| Buchwald, NA; Cohen, RW; Levine, MS; Radisavljevic, Z; Siviy, SM; Walsh, JP | 1 |
| Ferriero, DM; Kim, YS; Leib, SL; Täuber, MG | 1 |
| Czachurski, J; Seller, H; Zanzinger, J | 1 |
| DaSilva, AM; Gillis, RA; McManigle, JE; Panico, WH | 1 |
| Panneton, WM; Yavari, P | 1 |
| Kusá, R; Mares, P; Roztocilová, L; Velísek, L | 1 |
| Akhondzadeh, S; Stone, TW | 1 |
| Lu, L; Luo, J; McGonigle, P; Munir, M; Wang, YH; Wolfe, BB | 1 |
| Laufer, M; Negishi, K; Salas, R | 1 |
| Chalmers, JP; Kapoor, R; Kapoor, V | 1 |
| Caccia, C; Cini, M; Curatolo, L; Marconi, M; Molinari, A; Raimondi, L; Schwarcz, R; Speciale, C | 1 |
| Arnolda, LF; Chalmers, JP; Llewellyn-Smith, IJ; Minson, JB; Pilowsky, PM | 1 |
| Attwell, D; Sarantis, M; Takahashi, M | 1 |
| Iadecola, C; Yang, G | 1 |
| Fibiger, HC; Taber, MT | 1 |
| McEwen, BS; Schwartzkroin, PA; Weiland, NG; Woolley, CS | 1 |
| Aicher, SA; Reis, DJ | 1 |
| Bourguignon, JP; Czajkowski, V; Franchimont, P; Gérard, A; Lemaître, M; Moonen, G; Purnelle, G; Rigo, JM; Yamanaka, C | 1 |
| Diamond, JS; Jahr, CE | 1 |
| Heinricher, MM; Roychowdhury, SM | 1 |
| Fredholm, BB; Jin, S | 1 |
| Berger, R; Hossmann, KA; Jensen, A; Paschen, W | 1 |
| Ito, S; Sved, AF | 1 |
| Bezard, E; Bioulac, B; Boraud, T; Gross, CE | 1 |
| Fukumori, R; Kubo, T; Yamaguchi, H; Yanagihara, Y | 1 |
| Brodfuehrer, PD; Thorogood, MS | 1 |
| Büyükuysal, RL | 1 |
| Chai, CY; Kuo, JS; Wang, Y; Wu, WC | 1 |
| Daggett, LP; Deal, C; Hess, SD; Johnson, EC; Lu, CC; Veliçelebi, G | 1 |
| Hirakawa, T; Honda, E; Inenaga, K; Nakamura, S; Yamashita, H | 1 |
| Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Camacho, E; Escames, G; Espinosa, A; Gallo, MA; Gómez, I; León, J; Vives, F | 1 |
| Capdevila, JL; Fossom, LH; Skolnick, P; Trullas, R; Viu, E; Zapata, A | 1 |
| Ivanovic, A; Kuhse, J; Laube, B; Reiländer, H | 1 |
| Brodin, E; Tzschentke, TM; Wise, RA; You, ZB | 1 |
| Roberts, A; Wolf, E; Zhao, FY | 1 |
| Becker, J; Li, Z; Noe, CR | 1 |
| Bartlett, RD; Bridges, RJ; Esslinger, CS; Thompson, CM | 1 |
| Flores, C; Rodaros, D; Stewart, J | 1 |
| Dong, L; Durham, HD; Figlewicz, DA; Minotti, S; Roy, J | 1 |
| Foley, CM; Hasser, EM; Hay, M; Moffitt, JA | 1 |
| Machado, BH; Mauad, H | 1 |
| Roberts, A; Zhao, FY | 1 |
| Takemoto, Y | 2 |
| Bonnier, C; Delpech, A; Evrard, P; Gressens, P; Marret, S; Raymackers, JM | 1 |
| Abdrachmanova, G; Palecek, JI; Vlachová, V; Vyklick, L | 1 |
| Hinoi, E; Ogita, K; St'astny, F; Yoneda, Y | 1 |
| Kullmann, DM; Melyan, Z; Min, MY | 1 |
| Ho, IK; Liu, N; Rockhold, RW | 1 |
| Bergamaschi, CT; Campos, RR; Lopes, OU | 1 |
| Chiang, AS; Lee, WS; Liu, HP; Pszczolkowski, MA | 1 |
| Ito, S; Komatsu, K; Sved, AF; Tsukamoto, K | 1 |
| Dohovics, R; Hermann, A; Janáky, R; Oja, SS; Saransaari, P; Shaw, CA; Varga, V | 1 |
| Andrew, RD; Jarvis, CR; Obeidat, AS | 1 |
| Cousins, MJ; Edwards, SR; Lin, Y; Mather, LE; Power, I | 1 |
| Capdevila, J; Skolnick, P; Trullas, R; Viu, E; Zapata, A | 1 |
| Chmielewski, M; Kocki, T; Turski, WA; Urbańska, EM | 1 |
| Engberg, G; Erhardt, S | 1 |
| Jensen, MS; Nyborg, NC; Thomsen, ES | 1 |
| Herman, JP; Ziegler, DR | 1 |
| Wang, LY | 1 |
| Senra-Vidal, A; Sierra-Marcuño, G; Sierra-Paredes, G | 1 |
| Domínguez, I; Ferrer , JM; Montes, R; Palomares, JM; Sáez, JA; Villegas, V | 1 |
| Baran, H; Gille, L; Kepplinger, B; Nohl, H; Staniek, K; Stolze, K | 1 |
| Cravo, SL; Lopes, OU; Possas, OS | 1 |
| Croucher, MJ; Patel, DR; Young, AM | 1 |
| Kulagina, NV; Michael, AC; Zigmond, MJ | 1 |
| Anderson, TR; Andrew, RD; Jarvis, CR | 1 |
| Sun, JY; Wu, LG | 1 |
| Gardner, EL; Hayes, RJ; Liu, X; Spector, JA; Vorel, SR | 1 |
| Audus, KL; Hirano, K; Hirose, F; Kupczyk-Subotkowska, L; Ryu, T; Sakaeda, T; Siahaan, TJ; Stella, VJ; Sugawara, T; Tada, Y; Yoshikawa, T | 1 |
| Attucci, S; Carpenedo, R; Cozzi, A; Galli, A; Moroni, F; Pittaluga, A; Raiteri, M | 1 |
| Burger, RM; Pollak, GD | 1 |
| Floresco, SB; Grace, AA; Todd, CL | 1 |
| Bertram, D; Coote, JH; Yang, Z | 1 |
| Kudo, N; Nakayama, K; Nishimaru, H | 1 |
| Mirshahi, T; Ronald, KM; Woodward, JJ | 1 |
| Jahr, CE; Wadiche, JI | 1 |
| Blennow, K; Engberg, G; Erhardt, S; Lindström, LH; Nordin, C; Skogh, E | 1 |
| Li, S; Stys, PK | 1 |
| Guenther, E; Kocki, T; Kohler, K; Okuno, E; Rejdak, R; Turski, WA; Zagórski, Z; Zarnowski, T; Zrenner, E | 1 |
| Goodchild, AK; Miyawaki, T; Pilowsky, PM | 1 |
| Bains, JS; Shaw, CA | 1 |
| Fogel, R; Zhang, X | 2 |
| Ito, A; Nagata, R; Nakamura, M; Ohtani, K; Tanaka, H; Yasuda, H; Yoneda, Y | 1 |
| Albrecht, J; Dolińska, M; Dybel, A; Kocki, T; Turski, WA; Urbańska, EM | 1 |
| Head, GA; Mayorov, DN | 1 |
| DiGregorio, DA; Nusser, Z; Silver, RA | 1 |
| Capaday, C; Devanne, H; Lavoie, BA; Schneider, C | 1 |
| Almeida, MC; Branco, LG; Carnio, EC; Paro, FM | 1 |
| Ferreira, M; Gillis, RA; Hernandez, YM; Sahibzada, N; Wasserman, AM | 1 |
| Wu, E | 1 |
| Ellis-Davies, GC; Magee, JC; Smith, MA | 1 |
| Branco, LG; Gargaglioni, LH | 1 |
| Ishikawa, T; Takahashi, T; Yamashita, T | 1 |
| Carley, DW; Pavlovic, S; Radulovacki, M; Saponjic, J | 2 |
| Bergamaschi, CT; Campos, RR; Carvalho, TH; Lopes, OU | 1 |
| Badoer, E; De Matteo, R; Ng, CW | 1 |
| Albarello, L; Capella, C; Chiaravalli, AM; Dominioni, L; Frigo, G; Giaroni, C; Lecchini, S; Zanetti, E | 1 |
| HAYAISHI, O; KUNO, S; TANIUCHI, H; TASHIRO, M | 1 |
| Feldmeyer, D; Lubke, J; Sakmann, B; Silver, RA | 1 |
| Brooks, VL; Clow, KA; Freeman, KL | 1 |
| Ferguson, AV; Latchford, KJ | 1 |
| Albrecht, J; Hilgier, W; Saran, T; Turski, WA; Urbańska, EM | 1 |
| Inoue, M; Kawamura, Y; Kudo, Y; Manita, S; Miyakawa, H; Nakamura, T | 1 |
| Branco, LG; de Paula, PM; Ferreira, CM | 1 |
| Grundke-Iqbal, I; Haque, N; Iqbal, K; Li, L; Sengupta, A | 1 |
| Engberg, G; Erhardt, S; Schwieler, L | 1 |
| Chouvet, G; Dahan, L; Savasta, M; Urbain, N; Vautrelle, N | 1 |
| Harada, S; Kido, H; Morimoto, S; Nakagawa, M; Oguni, A; Sasaki, S; Takeda, K | 1 |
| Dampney, RA; Horiuchi, J; Killinger, S | 1 |
| Buckwalter, JB; Clifford, PS; Mueller, PJ | 1 |
| Borland, LM; Michael, AC | 1 |
| Branco, LG; de Paula, PM | 1 |
| Barth, A; Barth, L; Newell, DW; Nguyen, LB | 1 |
| Albuquerque, EX; Rassoulpour, A; Schwarcz, R; Wu, HQ | 1 |
| Solomon, IC | 1 |
| Concas, A; Marino, G; Minei, R; Pierobon, P; Porcu, P; Sogliano, C; Tino, A; Tortiglione, C | 1 |
| He, S; Huang, J; Li, L; Wu, X | 1 |
| Barger, SW; Jiang, S; Sims, TJ; Wu, SZ | 1 |
| Deuchars, J; Deuchars, SA; Milligan, CJ; Stornetta, RL | 1 |
| Engberg, G; Erhardt, S; Linderholm, KR; Nilsson, LK; Schwieler, L | 1 |
| Carpendo, R; Cipriani, G; Cozzi, A; Izzo, E; Moroni, F; Veneroni, O | 1 |
| Albrecht, J; Dybel, A; Kandefer-Szerszeń, M; Kocki, T; Okuno, E; Rzeski, W; Turski, WA; Wejksza, K; Zdzisińska, B | 1 |
| Li, ZS; Liao, Z; Lu, Y; Wang, WZ | 1 |
| Korogod, N; Lou, X; Schneggenburger, R | 1 |
| Hagiwara, Y; Kubo, T | 2 |
| Colombari, E; Menani, JV; Moreira, TS; Sato, MA; Takakura, AC | 1 |
| Cathala, L; Cull-Candy, SG; DiGregorio, DA; Holderith, NB; Nusser, Z | 1 |
| Hasser, EM; Mueller, PJ | 1 |
| Hlinák, Z; Krejcí, I | 1 |
| Bialek, M; Junemann, A; Kocki, T; Rejdak, R; Turski, WA; Zagorski, Z; Zarnowski, T; Zrenner, E | 1 |
| Partin, KM; Prescott, C; Staley, KJ; Weeks, AM | 1 |
| Solís, JM; Suárez, LM | 1 |
| Carley, DW; Radulovacki, M; Saponjic, J; Stoiljkovic, M | 1 |
| Coote, JH; Yang, Z | 1 |
| Mueller, PJ | 1 |
| Han, TZ; Li, YH | 1 |
| Li, DP; Pan, HL | 1 |
| Ehrenreich, L; Jürgens, U | 1 |
| Bonagamba, LG; Braccialli, AL; Braga, VA; de Paula, PM; Machado, BH; Paton, JF; Soriano, RN | 1 |
| Armstrong, JR; Groat, CR; Hong, SK; McClellan, AD; Nehra, D; Ryan, SK; Shotts, LR | 1 |
| Guidetti, P; Poeggeler, B; Rassoulpour, A; Roberts, RC; Schwarcz, R; Wu, HQ | 1 |
| Fatokun, AA; Smith, RA; Stone, TW | 1 |
| Solomon, IC; Warren, KA | 1 |
| Han, TZ; Li, YH; Meng, K | 1 |
| Bonagamba, LG; Braccialli, AL; Machado, BH | 1 |
| Béïque, JC; Choquet, D; Cognet, L; Frischknecht, R; Groc, L; Heine, M; Huganir, RL; Lounis, B; Rumbaugh, G | 1 |
| Asp, L; Engberg, G; Holtze, M; Karlsson, H; Schwieler, L | 1 |
| Bi, C; Crozier, RA; Han, YR; Plummer, MR | 1 |
| Baran, H; Kepplinger, B | 1 |
| Mandel, DA; Schreihofer, AM | 1 |
| Cruz, JC; Machado, BH | 1 |
| Wang, B; Wise, RA; You, ZB | 1 |
| Jean, A; Lebrun, B; Roux, J; Trouslard, J; Wanaverbecq, N | 1 |
| Eguchi, K; Kanda, T; Takahashi, T; Yamashita, T | 1 |
| Cardoso, LM; Chianca, DA; Colombari, DS; Colombari, E; Menani, JV; Toney, GM | 1 |
| Fülöp, F; Klivényi, P; Toldi, J; Vámos, E; Vécsei, L; Zádori, D | 1 |
| Kussius, CL; Popescu, GK | 1 |
| Bobeck, EN; Ingram, SL; Morgan, MM | 1 |
| Albuquerque, EX; Bruno, JP; Pellicciari, R; Pereira, EF; Schwarcz, R; Wu, HQ | 1 |
| Costa-Silva, JH; Machado, BH; Zoccal, DB | 2 |
| Albuquerque, EX; Bergeron, R; Elmer, GI; Guidetti, P; Potter, MC; Schwarcz, R; Wu, HQ | 1 |
| Chai, CY; Wu, WC; Yang, CY | 1 |
| Alexander, KS; Bruno, JP; Campbell, A; Gash, CR; Konradsson-Geuken, A; Pellicciari, R; Schwarcz, R; Sozeri, Y; Wu, HQ | 1 |
| Koganezawa, T; Shimomura, Y; Terui, N | 1 |
| Babic, T; Browning, KN; Travagli, RA | 1 |
| Mauad, H; Passamani, LM; Paton, JF; Pedrosa, DF; Sampaio, KN; Schenberg, LC | 1 |
| Bohár, Z; Fejes, A; Kuris, A; Párdutz, A; Tajti, J; Toldi, J; Tuka, B; Vámos, E; Vécsei, L | 1 |
| Bonagamba, LG; Machado, BH; Moraes, DJ; Zoccal, DB | 1 |
| Overstreet-Wadiche, L; Rudolph, S; Wadiche, JI | 1 |
| Elmer, GI; Pellicciari, R; Pocivavsek, A; Potter, MC; Schwarcz, R; Wu, HQ | 1 |
| Borker, P; Prodromou, ML; Salussolia, CL; Wollmuth, LP | 1 |
| Alexander, KS; Bruno, JP; Schwarcz, R; Wu, HQ | 1 |
| Fisher, JL; Mott, DD | 1 |
| Gabor, A; Leenen, FH | 2 |
| Bruno, JP; Elmer, GI; Pocivavsek, A; Schwarcz, R; Wu, HQ | 1 |
| Baginskas, A; Kuraite, V; Kuras, A | 1 |
| Dai, K; Hoshikawa, M; Niwa, O; Okada, M; Saito, H; Suzuki, N; Yamamura, S | 1 |
| Bagolan de Abreu, S; Dutra de Souza, HC; Martins-Pinge, MC; Mastelari, RB; Morgan de Aguiar Corrêa, F | 1 |
| Osaka, T | 1 |
| Hartlage-Rübsamen, M; Roßner, S; Waniek, A | 1 |
| Ciriello, J | 1 |
| Osborn, JW; Veitenheimer, B | 1 |
| Albuquerque, EX; Schwarcz, R | 1 |
| Alexander, KS; Bruno, JP; Pershing, ML; Pocivavsek, A; Schwarcz, R; Wu, HQ | 1 |
| Antonelli, T; Beggiato, S; Ferraro, L; Fuxe, K; Schwarcz, R; Tanganelli, S; Tomasini, MC | 1 |
| Arora, S; Kaur, T; Pundir, M; Singh, AP; Singh, R | 1 |
| Jochems, A; Knauer, B; Valero-Aracama, MJ; Yoshida, M | 1 |
| Patel, KP; Rozanski, GJ; Wang, HJ; Wang, W; Zucker, IH | 1 |
| Chiang, HC; Luo, F; Sheng, J; Shin, W; Wu, LG; Wu, W; Wu, XS; Xue, L | 1 |
| Jaryal, AK; Kumar, VM; Mallick, HN; Sengupta, T | 1 |
| Brown, AM; Chen, S; Evans, RD; Hamner, MA; Ransom, BR; Yang, X; Ye, ZC | 1 |
| Hess, G; Kusek, M; Tokarski, K | 1 |
| Antonelli, T; Beggiato, S; Ferraro, L; Fuxe, K; Schwarcz, R; Tanganelli, S | 1 |
| Gritton, H; Johnson, DE; Koshy Cherian, A; Kozak, R; Sarter, M; Young, D | 1 |
| Colombari, E; Giannocco, G; Lazari, Mde F; Lopes, OU; Ogihara, CA; Sato, MA; Schoorlemmer, GH | 1 |
| Chen, YF; Deng, Y; Hao, Q; Hu, QK; Shen, D; Su, DF; Wang, WZ; Wang, YK; Wu, ZT; Yu, Q; Yuan, WJ | 1 |
| Deneka-Hannemann, S; Jarosz, B; Rzeski, W; Stoma, F; Trojanowski, T; Turski, WA; Walczak, K; Zgrajka, W | 1 |
| Albrecht, J; Hilgier, W; Kocki, T; Obara-Michlewska, M; Oja, SS; Saransaari, P; Turski, WA | 1 |
| Bortz, DM; Bruno, JP; Fredericks, PJ; Jørgensen, CV; Leuner, B; Pershing, ML; Pocivavsek, A; Schwarcz, R; Vunck, SA | 1 |
| Boychuk, CR; Smith, BN | 1 |
| Abarca, J; Ferrada, C; Gysling, K; Sotomayor-Zárate, R | 1 |
| Korim, WS; Sabetghadam, A; Verberne, AJ | 1 |
| Edvinsson, L; Fülöp, F; Lukács, M; Tajti, J; Toldi, J; Vécsei, L; Warfvinge, K | 1 |
| Bortz, DM; Bruno, JP; Schwarcz, R; Wu, HQ | 1 |
| Farnham, MMJ; Kakall, ZM; Pilowsky, PM | 1 |
| Caso, JR; García-Bueno, B; Leza, JC; Madrigal, JLM; Martín-Hernández, D; Tendilla-Beltrán, H | 1 |
| Chiappelli, J; Hong, LE; Jones, A; Kochunov, P; Notarangelo, FM; Pocivavsek, A; Rowland, LM; Schwarcz, R; Thomas, MAR; Wijtenburg, SA; Wisner, K | 1 |
| Beggiato, S; Borelli, AC; Bradberry, CW; Ferraro, L; Ferré, S; Goldberg, SR; Justinova, Z; Mascia, P; Melis, M; Panlilio, LV; Pistis, M; Sagheddu, C; Schindler, CW; Schwarcz, R; Secci, ME; Tanda, G; Tomasini, MC | 1 |
| Salimando, GJ; Silberman, Y; Snyder, AE; Winder, DG | 1 |
| Han, XM; Lu, YN; Qin, YJ; Rang, Y; Wang, NX; Zhai, XJ; Zhang, XL; Zhu, Y | 1 |
| Cseh, EK; Klivényi, P; Körtési, T; Nánási, N; Párdutz, Á; Polyák, H; Tajti, J; Vécsei, L; Veres, G; Zádori, D | 1 |
| Bolser, DC; Davenport, PW; Kotmanova, Z; Martvon, L; Musselwhite, MN; Pitts, T; Poliacek, I; Rose, MJ; Shen, TY | 1 |
| Cai, H; Cao, T; Chen, Q; Jiao, S; Wang, L; Wu, X; Yang, C; Yang, D; Yang, P; Zeng, C; Zhang, S; Zhu, Z | 1 |
| Benbow, T; Cairns, BE; Exposto, FG; Sheikhi, A; Svensson, P; Teja, F | 1 |
| Carrillo-Franco, L; Dawid-Milner, MS; Díaz-Casares, A; Gago, B; González-García, M; López-González, MV; Peinado-Aragonés, CA | 1 |
| Baran, H; Kepplinger, B; Kronsteiner, C | 1 |
6 review(s) available for glutamic acid and kynurenic acid
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid in the mammalian brain.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-Dioxygenase; AIDS Dementia Complex; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Brain Chemistry; Brain Diseases; Dioxygenases; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Lyases; Nerve Degeneration; Oxygenases; Quinolinic Acid; Quinolinic Acids; Rats; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Transaminases | 1991 |
Excitatory amino acid transmitters in neuronal circuits of the cat visual cortex.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cats; Dipeptides; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pipecolic Acids; Receptors, Amino Acid; Receptors, Cell Surface; Visual Cortex | 1986 |
Modulation of reflex and sleep related apnea by pedunculopontine tegmental and intertrigeminal neurons.
Topics: Animals; Apnea; Brain Mapping; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Nerve Net; Neurons; Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus; Reflex; Respiration; Sleep; Trigeminal Nuclei | 2004 |
Kynurenines in chronic neurodegenerative disorders: future therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Mitochondrial Diseases; NAD; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neuroprotective Agents; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; Quinolinic Acid; Tryptophan | 2009 |
Migraine is a neuronal disease.
Topics: Animals; Brain Stem; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Cerebral Cortex; Cortical Spreading Depression; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Migraine Disorders; Nerve Net; Periaqueductal Gray; Trigeminal Nerve; Trigeminal Nuclei | 2011 |
Kynurenic acid as an antagonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain: facts and challenges.
Topics: alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Nicotinic Antagonists; Receptors, Nicotinic; Synaptic Transmission | 2013 |
316 other study(ies) available for glutamic acid and kynurenic acid
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic acids: synthesis and evaluation as inhibitors of the glutamate vesicular transport system.
Topics: Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Dicarboxylic Acids; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glutamic Acid | 1999 |
Administration of excitatory amino acid antagonists via microdialysis attenuates the increase in glucose utilization seen following concussive brain injury.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Brain; Brain Concussion; Dialysis; Energy Metabolism; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Ions; Kynurenic Acid; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1992 |
Glutamate stimulation of tyrosine hydroxylase is mediated by NMDA receptors in the rat striatum.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Atropine; Corpus Striatum; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Magnesium; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Tetrodotoxin; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1992 |
A further evaluation of the effects of K+ depolarization on glutamate-evoked [3H]dopamine release from striatal slices.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Culture Techniques; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dopamine; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Potassium; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter | 1992 |
Glutamate antagonists applied to midbody spinal cord segments reduce the excitability of the fictive rostral scratch reflex in the turtle.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Action Potentials; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Thorax; Turtles | 1992 |
Activation of kappa-opioid receptors depresses electrically evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials on 5-HT-sensitive neurones in the rat dorsal raphé nucleus in vitro.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Benzofurans; Bicuculline; Bombesin; Cholecystokinin; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Evoked Potentials; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Neurons; Picrotoxin; Prazosin; Pyrrolidines; Quinoxalines; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Serotonin; Synapses; Tetrodotoxin | 1992 |
Regulation of excitatory amino acid release by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in rat striatum: in vivo microdialysis studies.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corpus Striatum; Dialysis; Dizocilpine Maleate; Extracellular Space; Fluorometry; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Perfusion; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Serine | 1992 |
Thiokynurenates prevent excitotoxic neuronal death in vitro and in vivo by acting as glycine antagonists and as inhibitors of lipid peroxidation.
Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; Corpus Striatum; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Kynurenic Acid; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Neurons; Quinolinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 1992 |
Biochemical, autoradiographic and functional studies on a unique glutamate binding site in adrenal gland.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Autoradiography; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Catecholamines; Cattle; Dogs; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Nicotine; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tissue Distribution | 1992 |
Glutamate neurotoxicity in the developing rat cochlea is antagonized by kynurenic acid and MK-801.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Audiometry; Cochlea; Dizocilpine Maleate; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 1992 |
MK-801 protects retinal neurons from hypoxia and the toxicity of glutamate and aspartate.
Topics: Animals; Culture Techniques; Dextromethorphan; Dizocilpine Maleate; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hypoxia; Kynurenic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Retina | 1992 |
Intrathecal administration of non-NMDA receptor agonists increases arterial pressure and heart rate in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Carbachol; Ganglia, Autonomic; Ganglionic Blockers; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Injections, Spinal; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Nicotinic; Synaptic Transmission | 1992 |
Inhibition of glutamate release in rat hippocampus by kynurenic acid does not protect CA1 cells from forebrain ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Brain Ischemia; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Neurons; Prosencephalon; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1992 |
[Role of glutamate intracortical connections in conditioned reflex activity].
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Cats; Cerebral Cortex; Conditioning, Classical; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Iontophoresis; Ketamine; Kynurenic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 1992 |
ATP receptor-mediated synaptic currents in the central nervous system.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Acetylcholine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Bicuculline; Brain; Chlorocebus aethiops; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglionic Blockers; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Kynurenic Acid; Mecamylamine; Quinoxalines; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Signal Transduction; Suramin; Tetrodotoxin | 1992 |
Ipsilateral but not contralateral blockade of excitatory amino acid receptors in the caudal ventrolateral medulla inhibits aortic baroreceptor reflex in rats.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Amino Acids; Animals; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Dizocilpine Maleate; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Muscimol; N-Methylaspartate; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Amino Acid; Receptors, Cell Surface; Reflex; Synaptic Transmission | 1991 |
Effects of (+)-HA-966 and 7-chlorokynurenic acid on the kinetics of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist responses in rat cultured cortical neurons.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Membrane Potentials; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Osmolar Concentration; Pyrrolidinones; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Sodium | 1991 |
Evidence for glutamic acid as a possible neurotransmitter between the mesencephalic nucleus cuneiformis and the medullary nucleus raphe magnus in the lightly anesthetized rat.
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Mesencephalon; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reaction Time | 1991 |
Dorsal root potentials in the isolated frog spinal cord: amino acid neurotransmitters and magnesium ions.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Action Potentials; Animals; Bicuculline; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Magnesium; Neurons, Afferent; Picrotoxin; Potassium; Potassium Channels; Quinoxalines; Rana pipiens; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Spinal Nerve Roots; Synaptic Transmission | 1991 |
Release of endogenous excitatory amino acids from ON-type bipolar cells isolated from the goldfish retina.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cadmium; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Cells, Cultured; Electric Conductivity; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Goldfish; Kynurenic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Retina; Sodium | 1991 |
Unilateral blockade of excitatory amino acid receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarii produces an inhibition of baroreflexes in rats.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Neurons, Afferent; Pressure; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Amino Acid; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex | 1991 |
Glutamate and glycine co-activate while polyamines merely modulate the NMDA receptor complex.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Biguanides; Binding, Competitive; Biogenic Polyamines; Biotransformation; Brain; Dizocilpine Maleate; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Piperidines; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Spermidine; Spermine | 1991 |
Retinogeniculate transmission by NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in the cat.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Cats; Geniculate Bodies; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Iontophoresis; Kynurenic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Photic Stimulation; Quisqualic Acid; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Retina; Synaptic Transmission | 1991 |
Cardiovascular excitatory effects of adenosine in the nucleus of the solitary tract.
Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Blood Pressure; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Saralasin | 1991 |
Kainate and NMDA toxicity for cultured developing and adult rat spiral ganglion neurons: further evidence for a glutamatergic excitatory neurotransmission at the inner hair cell synapse.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cochlea; Ganglia; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner; Immunohistochemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Indicators and Reagents; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons, Afferent; Organ of Corti; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptic Transmission | 1991 |
Kinetic mechanisms of glycine requirement for N-methyl-D-aspartate channel activation.
Topics: Animals; Dizocilpine Maleate; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Models, Biological; Prosencephalon; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synaptosomes | 1991 |
Opiate withdrawal-induced hyperactivity of locus coeruleus neurons is substantially mediated by augmented excitatory amino acid input.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Brain Diseases; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Kynurenic Acid; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Microinjections; Morphine; Naloxone; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1991 |
Evidence for heterogenous glycine domains but conserved multiple states of the excitatory amino acid recognition site of the NMDA receptor: regional binding studies with [3H]glycine and [3H]L-glutamate.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Binding, Competitive; Cerebellar Cortex; Cerebral Cortex; Cycloserine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Ligands; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Amino Acid; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Serine | 1991 |
The pharmacological profile of glutamate-evoked ascorbic acid efflux measured by in vivo electrochemistry.
Topics: 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Electric Stimulation; Electrochemistry; Globus Pallidus; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; N-Methylaspartate; Organ Specificity; Potentiometry; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Stereotaxic Techniques; Thalamus | 1991 |
Quinolinic acid is a potent lipid peroxidant in rat brain homogenates.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Malondialdehyde; Quinolinic Acid; Quinolinic Acids; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thiobarbiturates | 1991 |
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated spontaneous activity in cerebellar granule cells in culture.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Action Potentials; Animals; Calcium Channels; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Cobalt; Dizocilpine Maleate; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Tetrodotoxin | 1991 |
An arthropod NMDA receptor.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Amino Acids; Animals; Astacoidea; Cesium; Evoked Potentials; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Interneurons; Kynurenic Acid; Magnesium; Membrane Potentials; N-Methylaspartate; Photic Stimulation; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Vision, Ocular | 1991 |
[Analysis of synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal slices using a modified method of potential fixation].
Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Evoked Potentials; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 1991 |
Polyamine effects upon N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor functioning: differential alteration by glutamate and glycine site antagonists.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Binding Sites; Cell Membrane; Cerebral Cortex; Dizocilpine Maleate; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Hippocampus; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Spermidine | 1991 |
Paradoxical potentiation by low extracellular Ca2+ of acute chemical anoxic neuronal injury in cerebellar granule cell culture.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium; Cell Death; Cell Hypoxia; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Extracellular Space; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutathione; Iodoacetates; Iodoacetic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Meglumine; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Potassium; Potassium Cyanide; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Sodium; Stimulation, Chemical | 1991 |
Microinjection of glycine into the nucleus ambiguus elicits tachycardia in spinal rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Values; Spinal Cord | 1991 |
Kinetic analysis of antagonist action at N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors. Two binding sites each for glutamate and glycine.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Binding Sites; Biophysical Phenomena; Biophysics; Cells, Cultured; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Hippocampus; Ion Channels; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Models, Neurological; Piperazines; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 1991 |
Thiokynurenates: a new group of antagonists of the glycine modulatory site of the NMDA receptor.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorine; Fluorine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; Ion Channels; Kynurenic Acid; Mice; Muscle Contraction; Myenteric Plexus; Phencyclidine; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1991 |
Quinolinate neurotoxicity and glutamatergic structures.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Injections, Intraventricular; Ketamine; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Neurotoxins; Pyridines; Quinolinic Acid; Quinolinic Acids; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1990 |
Masking effect of NMDA receptor antagonists on the formation of long-term potentiation (LTP) in superior colliculus slices from the guinea pig.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Denervation; Dibenzocycloheptenes; Dipeptides; Dizocilpine Maleate; Evoked Potentials; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Magnesium; Mice; Nerve Degeneration; Optic Nerve; Quinoxalines; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Superior Colliculi; Visual Cortex | 1990 |
The glycine antagonist 7-chlorokynurenic acid blocks the effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate on agonist-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in guinea-pig brain slices.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Guinea Pigs; Hydrolysis; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Phosphatidylinositols; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 1990 |
N-methyl-D-aspartate-sensitive [3H]glutamate binding sites in brain synaptic membranes treated with Triton X-100.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Octoxynol; Polyethylene Glycols; Quinolinic Acid; Quinolinic Acids; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Synaptic Membranes; Temperature; Tissue Distribution | 1989 |
Nicotine induced excitation of locus coeruleus neurons is mediated via release of excitatory amino acids.
Topics: Action Potentials; Amino Acids; Animals; Dibenzocycloheptenes; Dizocilpine Maleate; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Neurons; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter | 1989 |
Different modes of action of 3-amino-1-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone (HA-966) and 7-chlorokynurenic acid in the modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate-sensitive glutamate receptors.
Topics: Animals; Dibenzocycloheptenes; Dizocilpine Maleate; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Piperazines; Protein Conformation; Pyrrolidinones; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter | 1989 |
Cardiovascular changes induced by the local application of glutamate-related drugs in the rat nucleus tractus solitarii.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Cardiovascular System; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter | 1989 |
Effects of CNQX, APB, PDA, and kynurenate on horizontal cells of the tiger salamander retina.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Light; Membrane Potentials; Photoreceptor Cells; Pipecolic Acids; Quinoxalines; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Retina; Urodela | 1989 |
Synaptic transmission between dorsal root ganglion and dorsal horn neurons in culture: antagonism of monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials and glutamate excitation by kynurenate.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cells, Cultured; Evoked Potentials; Female; Ganglia, Spinal; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Pregnancy; Rats; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission | 1985 |
Kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid act at N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the rat hippocampus.
Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Ibotenic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Pyridines; Quinolinic Acid; Quinolinic Acids; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Tetrodotoxin | 1986 |
Ia afferent excitation of motoneurones in the in vitro new-born rat spinal cord is selectively antagonized by kynurenate.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Action Potentials; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Carbachol; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Motor Neurons; Muscle Spindles; Neurons, Afferent; Rats; Spinal Cord; Spinal Nerve Roots; Strychnine; Synapses; Valine | 1986 |
Postsynaptic action of kynurenic acid in the rat dentate gyrus.
Topics: Animals; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Iontophoresis; Kynurenic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synapses | 1986 |
Inhibition of excitatory neurotransmission with kynurenate reduces brain edema in neonatal anoxia.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hypoxia, Brain; Kynurenic Acid; Rats | 1986 |
Antagonists of glutaminergic neurotransmission block retinotectal transmission in goldfish.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Action Potentials; Animals; Cyprinidae; Dipeptides; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Goldfish; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Pipecolic Acids; Retina; Superior Colliculi; Synaptic Transmission; Time Factors; Valine | 1986 |
Kynurenic acid and gamma-D-glutamylaminomethylsulfonic acid suppress the compound action potential of the auditory nerve.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Cochlea; Cochlear Microphonic Potentials; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Hair Cells, Auditory; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Vestibulocochlear Nerve | 1987 |
Synaptic transmission between rat cerebellar granule and Purkinje cells in dissociated cell culture: effects of excitatory-amino acid transmitter antagonists.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Action Potentials; Aspartic Acid; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Purkinje Cells; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin; Valine | 1988 |
Excitatory amino acid-evoked membrane currents and excitatory synaptic transmission in lamprey reticulospinal neurons.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Stem; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Lampreys; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Oxadiazoles; Quisqualic Acid; Spinal Cord; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 1988 |
L-glutamate-induced depolarization in solitary photoreceptors: a process that may contribute to the interaction between photoreceptors in situ.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Axons; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Conductivity; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Membrane Potentials; N-Methylaspartate; Oxadiazoles; Photoreceptor Cells; Quisqualic Acid; Sodium; Turtles | 1988 |
Effects of bath-applied L-glutamate and related chemicals on the afferent synapse of the Plotosus electroreceptor.
Topics: Action Potentials; Amino Acids; Animals; Catfishes; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Neurons, Afferent; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Sensory Receptor Cells; Synapses | 1988 |
[Effect of antagonists of excitatory amino acids on synaptic transmission in the electroreceptors (Lorenzini's ampullae) in skates].
Topics: 2-Aminoadipic Acid; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Electric Fish; Electric Organ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Pipecolic Acids; Skates, Fish; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 1988 |
Putative neurotransmitters involved in medullary cardiovascular regulation.
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Muscimol; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1988 |
Comparison of glutamine-enhanced glutamate release from slices and primary cultures of rat brain.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Brain Stem; Catecholamines; Cells, Cultured; Corpus Striatum; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Immunohistochemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Neurofilament Proteins; Neuroglia; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 1995 |
Role of the rostral ventrolateral medulla in maintenance of blood pressure in rats with Goldblatt hypertension.
Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Heart Rate; Hexamethonium; Hypertension, Renovascular; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glutamate | 1995 |
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors: different subunit requirements for binding of glutamate antagonists, glycine antagonists, and channel-blocking agents.
Topics: Binding Sites; Cells, Cultured; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Humans; Ion Channels; Kynurenic Acid; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Transfection | 1994 |
The effect of experimental ischaemia and excitatory amino acid agonists on the GABA and serotonin immunoreactivities in the rabbit retina.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Cycloleucine; Dextromethorphan; Eye Proteins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Intraocular Pressure; Ischemia; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Memantine; N-Methylaspartate; Oxygen; Potassium Cyanide; Quinoxalines; Rabbits; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Retina; Retinal Vessels; Serotonin | 1994 |
Ligand affinities at recombinant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors depend on subunit composition.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Autoradiography; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Cloning, Molecular; Dizocilpine Maleate; DNA; Glutamic Acid; Ion Channels; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Ligands; Rats; Receptors, Glycine; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Recombinant Proteins | 1994 |
Allosteric interactions and modulator requirement for NMDA receptor function.
Topics: Allosteric Regulation; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Dizocilpine Maleate; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Membranes; Protein Conformation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Biogenic Amine; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Spermine | 1994 |
A glutamate-activated chloride current in cone-driven ON bipolar cells of the white perch retina.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Cycloleucine; Dendrites; Glutamic Acid; Ibotenic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Membrane Potentials; N-Methylaspartate; Neurotoxins; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Perches; Picrotoxin; Quinoxalines; Quisqualic Acid; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Retina; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells; Strychnine | 1995 |
Attenuation of glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in chronically ethanol-exposed cerebellar granule cells by NMDA receptor antagonists and ganglioside GM1.
Topics: Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; G(M1) Ganglioside; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Neurons; Pipecolic Acids; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synaptic Transmission; Up-Regulation | 1995 |
Glutamate receptor agonists enhance the expression of BDNF mRNA in cultured cerebellar granule cells.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Ibotenic Acid; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Molecular Weight; N-Methylaspartate; Nerve Growth Factors; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Quinoxalines; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA; RNA, Messenger; Tetrodotoxin; Transcription, Genetic | 1993 |
Excitatory amino acid receptor mediation of sensory inputs to functionally identified dorsal horn neurons in cat spinal cord.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Cats; Decerebrate State; Evoked Potentials; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Ibotenic Acid; Kainic Acid; Ketamine; Kynurenic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Quinoxalines; Quisqualic Acid; Receptors, Amino Acid; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Spinal Cord; Synapses | 1993 |
Modulation of voltage-dependent calcium channels by glutamate in rat cerebellar granule cells in culture.
Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; Animals; Calcium Channels; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Ion Channel Gating; Kynurenic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1993 |
Adaptive changes in the NMDA receptor complex in rat hippocampus after chronic treatment with CGP 39551.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Autoradiography; Dizocilpine Maleate; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Norepinephrine; Phencyclidine; Quinolinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 1994 |
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors are critical for mediating the effects of glutamate on intracellular calcium concentration and immediate early gene expression in cultured hippocampal neurons.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Electrophysiology; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, fos; Genes, jun; Glutamic Acid; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; Hippocampus; Immunohistochemistry; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Neurons; Nifedipine; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger | 1995 |
Modulation of the glutamate-evoked release of arachidonic acid from mouse cortical neurons: involvement of a pH-sensitive membrane phospholipase A2.
Topics: 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Amiloride; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Calcium; Cell Membrane; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Dizocilpine Maleate; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Glutamic Acid; Harmaline; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immunohistochemistry; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Mice; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases A2; Pregnancy; Time Factors; Tritium | 1995 |
Modulation of D-[2,3 3H]aspartate release from rat forebrain slices by non-NMDA receptor agonists and antagonists.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Aspartic Acid; Benzodiazepines; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Prosencephalon; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tritium | 1995 |
Somato-sympathetic reflex transmission in the ventrolateral medulla oblongata: spatial organization and receptor types.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cats; Cold Temperature; Electric Stimulation; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Mechanoreceptors; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Neurons, Afferent; Reflex; Sympathetic Nervous System; Synaptic Transmission | 1994 |
N-methyl-D-aspartic acid/glycine interactions on the control of 5-hydroxytryptamine release in raphe primary cultures.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Gestational Age; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Pregnancy; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glycine; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Rhombencephalon; Serotonin; Strychnine; Valine | 1993 |
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors contribute to guanidinosuccinate-induced convulsions in mice.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Drug Interactions; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Guanidines; Kainic Acid; Ketamine; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Mice; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Seizures; Succinates | 1993 |
Blockade of the locomotor stimulant effects of cocaine and methamphetamine by glutamate antagonists.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cocaine; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Methamphetamine; Mice; Motor Activity; Pyrrolidinones; Quinoxalines | 1993 |
Optical indications of early appearance of postsynaptic potentials in the embryonic chick brain stem.
Topics: Animals; Brain Stem; Calcium; Chick Embryo; Coloring Agents; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Light; Membrane Potentials; Neurotransmitter Agents; Synapses; Vagus Nerve | 1993 |
Mechanisms of anoxia-induced depolarization in brainstem neurons: in vitro current and voltage clamp studies in the adult rat.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain Stem; Dizocilpine Maleate; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hypoxia, Brain; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Microelectrodes; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Quinoxalines; Rats; Sodium | 1993 |
Modulation of glutamate-induced intracellular energy failure in neonatal cerebral cortical slices by kynurenic acid, dizocilpine, and NBQX.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cerebral Cortex; Dizocilpine Maleate; Energy Metabolism; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Intracellular Membranes; Kynurenic Acid; Neurotoxins; Phosphocreatine; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1994 |
Mechanisms of pressor and bradycardic responses to L-glutamate microinjected into the NTS of conscious rats.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Autonomic Nerve Block; Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Nerve Block; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Prazosin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Amino Acid | 1994 |
Retrotrapezoid nucleus glutamate injections: long-term stimulation of phrenic activity.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cats; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Injections; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons; Phrenic Nerve; Respiration; Time Factors | 1994 |
Effect of kynurenic acid on the ischaemia-induced accumulation of glutamate in rat striatum.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Corpus Striatum; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Neurotransmitter Agents; Perfusion; Prosencephalon; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1994 |
Prevention by NMDA receptor antagonists of the centrally-evoked increases of cardiac inotropic responses in rabbits.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Blood Pressure; Electric Stimulation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Ketamine; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Rabbits; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 1994 |
Activation-related and activation-independent effects of polyamines on phencyclidine receptor binding within the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex.
Topics: Animals; Dizocilpine Maleate; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Phencyclidine; Spermidine | 1994 |
In vivo release of glutamate in nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat during hypoxia.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Carotid Body; Chemoreceptor Cells; Denervation; Dizocilpine Maleate; Doxapram; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hypoxia; Infusions, Intravenous; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiration; Solitary Nucleus | 1994 |
Excitatory amino acid release from contused brain tissue into surrounding brain areas.
Topics: Animals; Brain Concussion; Brain Edema; Excitatory Amino Acids; Extracellular Space; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Microdialysis; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1994 |
Modulation of edema by dizocilpine, kynurenate, and NBQX in respiring brain slices after exposure to glutamate.
Topics: Animals; Brain Edema; Cerebral Cortex; Culture Techniques; Dizocilpine Maleate; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Organ Size; Quinoxalines; Rats; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Glutamate; Sodium Channels | 1994 |
Glutamate elicits an outward K+ current which is normally suppressed by a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.
Topics: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Alkaloids; Animals; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; Cell Membrane; Cholera Toxin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ganglia, Invertebrate; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Isoquinolines; Kynurenic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Pertussis Toxin; Piperazines; Potassium Channels; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Snails; Staurosporine; Sulfonamides; Time Factors; Virulence Factors, Bordetella | 1994 |
NMDA receptor activation by spermine requires glutamate but not glycine.
Topics: Animals; Dizocilpine Maleate; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Piperazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Spermine | 1993 |
Optical imaging of parallel fiber activation in the rat cerebellar cortex: spatial effects of excitatory amino acids.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Amino Acids; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Cerebellar Cortex; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Membrane Potentials; N-Methylaspartate; Nerve Fibers; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1993 |
Regionally distinct N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors distinguished by quantitative autoradiography of [3H]MK-801 binding in rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Dizocilpine Maleate; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Piperazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Tissue Distribution; Tritium | 1993 |
Desensitization of the NMDA receptor complex by glycinergic ligands in cerebellar granule cell cultures.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Cyclic; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Base Sequence; Blotting, Northern; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Molecular Sequence Data; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pyrrolidinones; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Strychnine; Time Factors | 1993 |
Inhibition of [3H]-(+)-MK 801 binding to rat brain sections by CPP and 7-chlorokynurenic acid: an autoradiographic analysis.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Cerebellum; Dizocilpine Maleate; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Piperazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 1993 |
Serine released from hippocampal slices during deprivation of oxygen and glucose enhances the effects of glutamate on neuronal function.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Dizocilpine Maleate; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Hippocampus; Hypoxia; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Neurons; Phosphocreatine; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Serine; Synaptic Transmission | 1993 |
Interactions between glutamate, GABA, acetylcholine and histamine in the periaqueductal gray's control of vocalization in the squirrel monkey.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Bicuculline; Carbachol; Diphenhydramine; Drug Interactions; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Histamine; Homocysteine; Kynurenic Acid; Muscimol; Periaqueductal Gray; Saimiri; Scopolamine; Vocalization, Animal | 1993 |
Evidence for enhanced synaptic excitation in transplanted neostriatal neurons.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Electrophysiology; Fetal Tissue Transplantation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Neostriatum; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Substantia Nigra; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 1993 |
Neuroprotective effect of excitatory amino acid antagonist kynurenic acid in experimental bacterial meningitis.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Brain Damage, Chronic; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Dentate Gyrus; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Meningitis, Bacterial; Necrosis; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus agalactiae | 1996 |
Effects of nitric oxide on sympathetic baroreflex transmission in the nucleus tractus solitarii and caudal ventrolateral medulla in cats.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Baroreflex; Carotid Sinus; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Glutamic Acid; Kidney; Kynurenic Acid; Medulla Oblongata; Neural Inhibition; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitroarginine; Penicillamine; S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine; Sympathetic Nervous System; Synaptic Transmission | 1995 |
Respiratory effects produced by microinjection of L-glutamate and an uptake inhibitor of L-glutamate into the caudal subretrofacial area of the medulla.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Apnea; Blood Pressure; Cats; Cycloleucine; Dicarboxylic Acids; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Neurotoxins; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Piperazines; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Respiration; Respiratory Function Tests; Tidal Volume; Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus | 1995 |
A medullary dorsal horn relay for the cardiorespiratory responses evoked by stimulation of the nasal mucosa in the muskrat Ondatra zibethicus: evidence for excitatory amino acid transmission.
Topics: Animals; Arvicolinae; Cardiovascular System; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Nasal Mucosa; Respiratory System; Stimulation, Chemical; Synaptic Transmission; Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal | 1995 |
Excitatory amino acid antagonists and pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures during ontogenesis: III. The action of kynurenic acid and glutamic acid diethylester.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Pentylenetetrazole; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Seizures | 1995 |
Glutamate-independent long term depression in rat hippocampus by activation GABAA receptors.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Adenosine; Alanine; Animals; Cycloleucine; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Muscimol; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurotoxins; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, GABA-A | 1996 |
Pharmacological and immunological characterization of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in human NT2-N neurons.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Immunoblotting; Kynurenic Acid; Neurons; Piperidines; Putrescine; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 1996 |
Effects of glutamic acid and related agents on horizontal cells in a marine teleost retina.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Dark Adaptation; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Fishes; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Photoreceptor Cells; Quinoxalines; Receptors, Glutamate; Retina | 1996 |
Altered responsiveness of medullary depressor neurones to L-glutamate and D-serine in SHR rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Glutamic Acid; Hypertension; Kynurenic Acid; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Receptors, Glycine; Serine; Stereoisomerism | 1996 |
Modulation of extracellular kynurenic acid content by excitatory amino acids in primary cultures of rat astrocytes.
Topics: 2-Aminoadipic Acid; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Homocysteine; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1996 |
Tachycardia after glutamate injection in rat spinal cord is not blocked by kynurenate or mimicked by metabotropic agonists.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cycloleucine; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Injections, Spinal; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Rats; Rats, Inbred WKY; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Spinal Cord; Tachycardia | 1996 |
Postsynaptic glutamate uptake in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Benzoates; Cycloleucine; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Ion Channel Gating; Kynurenic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; Neuroprotective Agents; Purkinje Cells; Rats; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin | 1996 |
Glutamate microinjections in cerebellar cortex reproduce cerebrovascular effects of parallel fiber stimulation.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Cerebellar Cortex; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Electric Stimulation; Glutamic Acid; Indazoles; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Nerve Fibers; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tetrodotoxin | 1996 |
Feeding-evoked dopamine release in the nucleus, accumbens: regulation by glutamatergic mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Cycloleucine; Dopamine; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Feeding Behavior; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Nucleus Accumbens; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Ventral Tegmental Area | 1997 |
Estradiol increases the sensitivity of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells to NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic input: correlation with dendritic spine density.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Action Potentials; Animals; Bicuculline; Binding, Competitive; Dendrites; Drug Synergism; Estradiol; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; GABA Antagonists; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Ovariectomy; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synaptic Transmission | 1997 |
Gigantocellular vasodepressor area is tonically active and distinct from caudal ventrolateral vasodepressor area.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Aorta; Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Brain Mapping; Efferent Pathways; Electric Stimulation; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Muscimol; Phenylephrine; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reticular Formation; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vasomotor System | 1997 |
Duality of glutamatergic and GABAergic control of pulsatile GnRH secretion by rat hypothalamic explants: II. Reduced NR2C- and GABAA-receptor-mediated inhibition at initiation of sexual maturation.
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Hypothalamus; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Muscimol; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Periodicity; Rats; Receptors, GABA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Sexual Maturation | 1997 |
Transporters buffer synaptically released glutamate on a submillisecond time scale.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Cells, Cultured; Evoked Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Lithium; Models, Neurological; Neurons; Quinoxalines; Rats; Receptors, AMPA; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin; Time Factors | 1997 |
Reflex-related activation of putative pain facilitating neurons in rostral ventromedial medulla requires excitatory amino acid transmission.
Topics: Animals; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Amino Acids; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Synaptic Transmission; Tail | 1997 |
Electrically-evoked dopamine and acetylcholine release from rat striatal slices perfused without magnesium: regulation by glutamate acting on NMDA receptors.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Electric Stimulation; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Magnesium; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 1997 |
No effect of glutamate on metabolic disturbances in hippocampal slices of mature fetal guinea pigs after transient in vitro ischemia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Dizocilpine Maleate; Energy Metabolism; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Hippocampus; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Pregnancy | 1997 |
Tonic glutamate-mediated control of rostral ventrolateral medulla and sympathetic vasomotor tone.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Muscimol; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vasomotor System | 1997 |
Compensatory effects of glutamatergic inputs to the substantia nigra pars compacta in experimental parkinsonism.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Macaca; Parkinson Disease; Substantia Nigra | 1997 |
Excitatory amino acid receptors in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus mediate pressor response induced by carotid body chemoreceptor stimulation in rats.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Blood Pressure; Carotid Body; Chemoreceptor Cells; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glutamate | 1997 |
The role of glutamate in swim initiation in the medicinal leech.
Topics: Animals; Electrophysiology; Esophagus; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Interneurons; Kynurenic Acid; Leeches; Motor Activity; Neural Pathways; Quinoxalines; Spider Venoms; Swimming; Synapses | 1995 |
Effect of nitric oxide donors on endogenous dopamine release from rat striatal slices. II: The role of voltage-dependent sodium channels, calcium channel activation, reverse transport mechanism, guanylate cyclase and endogenous glutamate.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Corpus Striatum; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dopamine; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Guanylate Cyclase; Hydroxylamine; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Methylene Blue; Nitric Oxide; Nitroprusside; Nomifensine; omega-Conotoxin GVIA; Peptides; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Channels; Tetrodotoxin; Vasodilator Agents; Verapamil | 1997 |
Glycine increases arterial pressure and augments NMDA-induced pressor responses in the dorsomedial and ventrolateral medulla of cats.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cats; Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus; Drug Synergism; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; N-Methylaspartate; Receptors, Glycine; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | 1997 |
Functional characterization of human N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype 1A/2D receptors.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; DNA, Complementary; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Fetus; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Humans; Kidney; Kynurenic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Molecular Sequence Data; N-Methylaspartate; Oocytes; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pipecolic Acids; Piperidines; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Serine; Xenopus laevis | 1998 |
Glutamatergic synaptic inputs to mouse supraoptic neurons in calcium-free medium in vitro.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Calcium; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Supraoptic Nucleus; Synapses; Tetrodotoxin | 1998 |
Modulation of rat striatal glutamatergic response in search for new neuroprotective agents: evaluation of melatonin and some kynurenine derivatives.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Evoked Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Iontophoresis; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Melatonin; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reaction Time; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1998 |
Glycine site antagonists and partial agonists inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated [3H]arachidonic acid release in cerebellar granule cells.
Topics: Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Cyclic; Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Cerebellum; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glycine; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 1998 |
Expression and initial characterization of a soluble glycine binding domain of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR1 subunit.
Topics: Animals; Baculoviridae; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Indoles; Kynurenic Acid; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Serine; Spodoptera | 1998 |
Electrical stimulation of the prefrontal cortex increases cholecystokinin, glutamate, and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens: an in vivo microdialysis study in freely moving rats.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Cholecystokinin; Dopamine; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Homovanillic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Nucleus Accumbens; Perfusion; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Self Stimulation | 1998 |
Longitudinal distribution of components of excitatory synaptic input to motoneurones during swimming in young Xenopus tadpoles: experiments with antagonists.
Topics: Animals; Cadmium; Convulsants; Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine; Electric Conductivity; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Larva; Motor Neurons; Quinoxalines; Receptors, Nicotinic; Spinal Cord; Strychnine; Swimming; Synapses; Xenopus | 1998 |
Molecular and pharmacological characterization of recombinant rat/mice N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtypes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Topics: Animals; Carbodiimides; Cell Membrane; Cloning, Molecular; Cycloleucine; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gene Expression; Glutamic Acid; Indoles; Kynurenic Acid; Mice; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Protein Binding; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Transformation, Genetic | 1998 |
Substituted quinolines as inhibitors of L-glutamate transport into synaptic vesicles.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Prosencephalon; Quinolines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Structure-Activity Relationship; Synaptic Vesicles; Synaptosomes | 1998 |
Long-lasting induction of astrocytic basic fibroblast growth factor by repeated injections of amphetamine: blockade by concurrent treatment with a glutamate antagonist.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Astrocytes; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Dendrites; Dopamine; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Mesencephalon; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glutamate | 1998 |
Glutamate potentiates the toxicity of mutant Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase in motor neurons by postsynaptic calcium-dependent mechanisms.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Calbindin 1; Calbindins; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Cells, Cultured; Cyclic N-Oxides; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Free Radical Scavengers; Ganglia, Spinal; Glutamic Acid; Glutathione; Kynurenic Acid; Mice; Motor Neurons; Mutagenesis; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurotoxins; Nitrogen Oxides; Oxidative Stress; Receptors, AMPA; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; Spider Venoms; Spinal Cord; Superoxide Dismutase; Synapses | 1998 |
Glutamate in the nucleus of the solitary tract activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors.
Topics: Animals; Benzoates; Blood Pressure; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Lumbosacral Region; Male; Microinjections; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Solitary Nucleus; Sympathetic Nervous System | 1998 |
Involvement of the ipsilateral rostral ventrolateral medulla in the pressor response to L-glutamate microinjection into the nucleus tractus solitarii of awake rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Solitary Nucleus | 1998 |
Assessing the roles of glutamatergic and cholinergic synaptic drive in the control of fictive swimming frequency in young Xenopus tadpoles.
Topics: Animals; Cholinergic Fibers; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Larva; N-Methylaspartate; Neural Inhibition; Quinoxalines; Receptors, Nicotinic; Swimming; Synapses; Xenopus | 1998 |
Kynurenic acid inhibits circulatory responses to intracisternally injected L-proline in conscious rats.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Consciousness; Enteric Nervous System; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Injections, Intraventricular; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Mesenteric Artery, Superior; Neurotransmitter Agents; Proline; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1999 |
Glycine antagonist and NO synthase inhibitor protect the developing mouse brain against neonatal excitotoxic lesions.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Mice; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitroarginine | 1999 |
Properties of NMDA receptors in rat spinal cord motoneurons.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Electric Conductivity; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Ion Channel Gating; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Magnesium; Male; Motor Neurons; N-Methylaspartate; Organ Culture Techniques; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Piperidines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Spinal Cord | 1999 |
Ferrous iron modulates quinolinate-mediated [3H]MK-801 binding to rat brain synaptic membranes in the presence of glycine and spermidine.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Allosteric Regulation; Animals; Binding Sites; Brain; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Ferrous Compounds; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Quinolinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Spermidine; Synaptic Membranes | 1999 |
Synaptically released glutamate reduces gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibition in the hippocampus via kainate receptors.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; GABA-B Receptor Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Hippocampus; Kynurenic Acid; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Seizures | 1999 |
Contribution of glutamatergic systems in locus coeruleus to nucleus paragigantocellularis stimulation-evoked behavior.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Basal Ganglia; Behavior, Animal; Dicarboxylic Acids; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes, Implanted; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Microdialysis; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stereotaxic Techniques; Stereotyped Behavior | 1999 |
Rostral ventrolateral medulla : A source of sympathetic activation in rats subjected to long-term treatment with L-NAME.
Topics: Animals; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Hypertension; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sympathetic Nervous System | 1999 |
Glutamate-induced rise in cytosolic calcium concentration stimulates in vitro rates of juvenile hormone biosynthesis in corpus allatum of Diploptera punctata.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cockroaches; Corpora Allata; Cytosol; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Dopamine; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Juvenile Hormones; Kynurenic Acid; Magnesium | 1999 |
Excitatory amino acids in the rostral ventrolateral medulla support blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hypertension; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Muscimol; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Receptors, Glutamate | 2000 |
Specific glutathione binding sites in pig cerebral cortical synaptic membranes.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Cerebral Cortex; Cysteine; Dipeptides; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutathione; Glycine; Kynurenic Acid; Ligands; Neurons; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, GABA; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Peptide; Signal Transduction; Swine; Synaptic Membranes; Tritium | 2000 |
Glutamate does not mediate acute neuronal damage after spreading depression induced by O2/glucose deprivation in the hippocampal slice.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cortical Spreading Depression; Evoked Potentials; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Neurotoxins; Oxygen; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Temperature | 2000 |
Glutamate and kynurenate in the rat central nervous system following treatments with tail ischaemia or diclofenac.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Central Nervous System; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diclofenac; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Injections, Subcutaneous; Ischemia; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tail; Tissue Distribution | 2000 |
Glycine(B) receptor antagonists and partial agonists prevent memory deficits in inhibitory avoidance learning.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Disease Models, Animal; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Inhibition, Psychological; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Memory Disorders; Mice; Muscarinic Antagonists; Pyrrolidinones; Receptors, Glycine; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Retention, Psychology; Scopolamine | 2000 |
Formation of endogenous glutamatergic receptors antagonist kynurenic acid--differences between cortical and spinal cord slices.
Topics: Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glutamate; Spinal Cord; Transaminases | 2000 |
Excitation of nigral dopamine neurons by the GABA(A) receptor agonist muscimol is mediated via release of glutamate.
Topics: Animals; Butyrates; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Evoked Potentials; GABA Agonists; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Membrane Potentials; Muscimol; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, GABA-A; Substantia Nigra | 2000 |
Various nitric oxide donors protect chick embryonic neurons from cyanide-induced apoptosis.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Death; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Dithiothreitol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutathione; Hydrazines; Kynurenic Acid; Molsidomine; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide Donors; Nitrogen Oxides; Nitroglycerin; Nitroprusside; Nitroso Compounds; Penicillamine; S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine; S-Nitrosoglutathione; Sodium Cyanide | 2000 |
Local integration of glutamate signaling in the hypothalamic paraventricular region: regulation of glucocorticoid stress responses.
Topics: Animals; Corticosterone; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Restraint, Physical; Signal Transduction; Stress, Physiological | 2000 |
The dynamic range for gain control of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission at a single synapse.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Auditory Pathways; Brain Stem; Calcium; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Mice; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium Channel Blockers; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Tetraethylammonium | 2000 |
Effect of extracellular long-time microperfusion of high concentrations of glutamate and glycine on picrotoxin seizure thresholds in the hippocampus of freely moving rats.
Topics: Animals; Epilepsy; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Extracellular Space; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Hippocampus; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Motor Activity; Neural Inhibition; Picrotoxin; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Seizures | 2001 |
[Evidence for glutamatergic neurotransmission in the geniculo-cortical pathway in the rat].
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Geniculate Bodies; Glutamic Acid; Iontophoresis; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Rats; Synaptic Transmission; Visual Cortex | 2000 |
Kynurenic acid influences the respiratory parameters of rat heart mitochondria.
Topics: Animals; Cell Respiration; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Malates; Male; Mitochondria, Heart; Oxygen Consumption; Quinolinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2001 |
Glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs to the RVL mediate cardiovascular adjustments to noxious stimulation.
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Blood Pressure; Electric Stimulation; Functional Laterality; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Hindlimb; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Muscle, Skeletal; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Regional Blood Flow; Sciatic Nerve; Skin; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vasodilation | 2001 |
Presynaptic alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptor-mediated stimulation of glutamate and GABA release in the rat striatum in vivo: a dual-label microdialysis study.
Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzodiazepines; Benzothiadiazines; Calcium; Carbon Radioisotopes; Corpus Striatum; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Nootropic Agents; Potassium; Presynaptic Terminals; Pyrrolidinones; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, AMPA; Tritium | 2001 |
Glutamate regulates the spontaneous and evoked release of dopamine in the rat striatum.
Topics: alpha-Methyltyrosine; Animals; Electrophysiology; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Membrane Potentials; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Neostriatum; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Pargyline; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substantia Nigra; Synaptic Transmission | 2001 |
Anoxic depolarization mediates acute damage independent of glutamate in neocortical brain slices.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Action Potentials; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cortical Spreading Depression; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Hypoxia; Kynurenic Acid; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Neocortex; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glutamate | 2001 |
Fast kinetics of exocytosis revealed by simultaneous measurements of presynaptic capacitance and postsynaptic currents at a central synapse.
Topics: Animals; Auditory Pathways; Calcium Signaling; Central Nervous System; Endocytosis; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Exocytosis; Glutamic Acid; Ion Channels; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Pons; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glutamate; Synaptic Membranes; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptic Vesicles | 2001 |
Relapse to cocaine-seeking after hippocampal theta burst stimulation.
Topics: Animals; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Conditioning, Operant; Dopamine; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Extinction, Psychological; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Injections, Intravenous; Kynurenic Acid; Medial Forebrain Bundle; Memory; N-Methylaspartate; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Recurrence; Reward; Self Administration; Synaptic Transmission; Theta Rhythm; Ventral Tegmental Area | 2001 |
Conjugation with L-Glutamate for in vivo brain drug delivery.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Capillary Permeability; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Evaluation; Endorphins; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Melphalan; Phenylalanine; Prodrugs; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2001 |
Presynaptic kynurenate-sensitive receptors inhibit glutamate release.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Caudate Nucleus; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Nicotinic; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptosomes; Tritium | 2001 |
Reversible inactivation of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus reveals its role in the processing of multiple sound sources in the inferior colliculus of bats.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Action Potentials; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Auditory Pathways; Auditory Threshold; Bicuculline; Chiroptera; Echolocation; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Inferior Colliculi; Iontophoresis; Kynurenic Acid; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Pons; Reaction Time; Receptors, Glycine; Sound Localization; Strychnine | 2001 |
Glutamatergic afferents from the hippocampus to the nucleus accumbens regulate activity of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons.
Topics: Action Potentials; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Cell Count; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kynurenic Acid; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Nucleus Accumbens; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tetrodotoxin; Ventral Tegmental Area | 2001 |
The role of glutamate and vasopressin in the excitation of RVL neurones by paraventricular neurones.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; Bicuculline; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Homocysteine; Kynurenic Acid; Medulla Oblongata; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Peptide Fragments; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Vasopressin; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission; Vasopressins | 2001 |
Developmental changes in 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced rhythmic activity in the spinal cord of rat fetuses in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Fetus; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Glycine Agents; Kynurenic Acid; Locomotion; Nerve Net; Periodicity; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Glycine; Serotonin; Spinal Cord; Strychnine; Synaptic Transmission | 2001 |
Ethanol inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors is reduced by site-directed mutagenesis of a transmembrane domain phenylalanine residue.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Cell Line; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanol; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Phenylalanine; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Pyrrolidinones; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Transfection; Xenopus laevis | 2001 |
Multivesicular release at climbing fiber-Purkinje cell synapses.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Calcium; Dipeptides; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Neurotransmitter Agents; Purkinje Cells; Quinoxalines; Rats; Receptors, AMPA; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 2001 |
Kynurenic acid levels are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Schizophrenia | 2001 |
Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase inhibition and depolarization induce glutamate release via reverse Na(+)-dependent transport in spinal cord white matter.
Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Benzodiazepines; Calcium; Dicarboxylic Acids; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Membrane Potentials; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Ouabain; Potassium; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, AMPA; Sodium; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Spinal Cord; Thiourea | 2001 |
Presence of kynurenic acid and kynurenine aminotransferases in the inner retina.
Topics: Animals; Glutamic Acid; Immunohistochemistry; Kynurenic Acid; Neuroglia; Neurons; Protein Isoforms; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Retina; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Synaptic Transmission; Transaminases | 2001 |
Evidence for a tonic GABA-ergic inhibition of excitatory respiratory-related afferents to presympathetic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla.
Topics: Action Potentials; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Bicuculline; Blood Pressure; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Interneurons; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neural Inhibition; Phrenic Nerve; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiratory Center; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; Splanchnic Nerves; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2002 |
Depressor and bradycardic actions of L-proline injected into the nucleus tractus solitarii of anesthetized rats.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Proline; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Solitary Nucleus; Stereoisomerism | 2001 |
Synergistic versus antagonistic actions of glutamate and glutathione: the role of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress in neuronal disease.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cerebral Cortex; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Flour; Glutamic Acid; Glutathione; Kynurenic Acid; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Methionine Sulfoximine; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; N-Methylaspartate; Nervous System Diseases; Oxidative Stress; Plants, Toxic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sitosterols | 2002 |
Glutamate mediates an excitatory influence of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus on the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus.
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synapses; Vagus Nerve | 2002 |
In vitro and in vivo antagonistic activities of SM-31900 for the NMDA receptor glycine-binding site.
Topics: Aminoquinolines; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Fetus; Glutamic Acid; Indoles; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxins; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glycine; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Seizures | 2002 |
Regulation of kynurenic acid synthesis in C6 glioma cells.
Topics: 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid; Animals; Buffers; Calcium; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Guanosine Diphosphate; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Leucine; Magnesium; Potassium; Rats; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Sodium; Thionucleotides; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Veratridine | 2002 |
Ionotropic glutamate receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla mediate sympathetic responses to acute stress in conscious rabbits.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Female; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Physical Stimulation; Rabbits; Receptors, Glutamate; Stress, Psychological; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2002 |
Spillover of glutamate onto synaptic AMPA receptors enhances fast transmission at a cerebellar synapse.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cerebellar Cortex; Dendrites; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Immunohistochemistry; Kynurenic Acid; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Fibers; Organ Culture Techniques; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Receptors, AMPA; Synaptic Membranes; Synaptic Transmission; Time Factors | 2002 |
Neural mechanisms involved in the functional linking of motor cortical points.
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Forelimb; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Iontophoresis; Kynurenic Acid; Microelectrodes; Motor Cortex; Movement; Nerve Net; Shoulder; Stereotaxic Techniques | 2002 |
Role of L-glutamate in systemic AVP-induced hypothermia.
Topics: Adipose Tissue, Brown; Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Heart Rate; Hypothermia; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Intraventricular; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Tail; Thermogenesis | 2003 |
GABA-mediated neurotransmission in the ventrolateral NTS plays a role in respiratory regulation in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Apnea; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Cardiovascular System; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Immunohistochemistry; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Muscimol; Nipecotic Acids; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, GABA; Respiration; Synaptic Transmission; Ventral Thalamic Nuclei | 2002 |
Evidence against the presence of NMDA receptors at a central glutamatergic synapse in leeches.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Association Learning; Central Nervous System; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Kynurenic Acid; Leeches; Motor Neurons; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons, Afferent; Receptors, Glycine; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 2002 |
Involvement of glutamate in gastrointestinal vago-vagal reflexes initiated by gastrointestinal distention in the rat.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Duodenum; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex; Solitary Nucleus; Stomach; Vagus Nerve | 2003 |
Mechanism of the distance-dependent scaling of Schaffer collateral synapses in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons.
Topics: Algorithms; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Computer Simulation; Dendrites; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Indoles; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Neurotransmitter Agents; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synapses; Tetrodotoxin | 2003 |
Role of glutamate in the nucleus isthmi on the hypoxia- and hypercarbia-induced hyperventilation of toads.
Topics: Animals; Bufonidae; Carbon Dioxide; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Glutamic Acid; Hypercapnia; Hyperventilation; Hypoxia; Injections, Intraventricular; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Mesencephalon; Microinjections; Pulmonary Ventilation | 2003 |
Developmental increase in vesicular glutamate content does not cause saturation of AMPA receptors at the calyx of Held synapse.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Auditory Pathways; Brain Stem; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Neurotransmitter Agents; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, AMPA; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptic Vesicles | 2003 |
Intertrigeminal region attenuates reflex apnea and stabilizes respiratory pattern in rats.
Topics: Animals; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Neural Pathways; Pons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Respiratory Mechanics; Serotonin; Trigeminal Ganglion | 2003 |
Role of endogenous angiotensin II on glutamatergic actions in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in Goldblatt hypertensive rats.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Blood Pressure; Captopril; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Hypertension, Renovascular; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2003 |
Glutamatergic input in the PVN is important in renal nerve response to elevations in osmolality.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Denervation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Muscimol; Osmolar Concentration; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Rabbits; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Sinoatrial Node; Sodium; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2003 |
Evidence for a glutamatergic modulation of the cholinergic function in the human enteric nervous system via NMDA receptors.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Acetylcholine; Aged; Colon, Ascending; Colon, Sigmoid; Enteric Nervous System; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Muscle, Smooth; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 2003 |
Studies on the metabolism of kynurenic acid. I. The formation of L-glutamic acid, D- and L-alanine, and acetic acid from kynurenic acid by Pseudomonas extracts.
Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Alanine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Pseudomonas | 1961 |
High-probability uniquantal transmission at excitatory synapses in barrel cortex.
Topics: Action Potentials; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Axons; Calcium; Dendrites; Dipeptides; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Lysine; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Probability; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glutamate; Somatosensory Cortex; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 2003 |
Excitatory amino acids in rostral ventrolateral medulla support blood pressure during water deprivation in rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Denervation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acids; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Osmolar Concentration; Phenylephrine; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Water Deprivation | 2004 |
ANG II-induced excitation of paraventricular nucleus magnocellular neurons: a role for glutamate interneurons.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Interneurons; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synapses; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 2004 |
Kynurenic acid synthesis in cerebral cortical slices of rats with progressing symptoms of thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Glutamic Acid; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Kynurenic Acid; Organ Culture Techniques; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Thioacetamide; Transaminases | 2004 |
Glutamate release increases during mossy-CA3 LTP but not during Schaffer-CA1 LTP.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Calcium; Colforsin; Coloring Agents; Cyclopropanes; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Long-Term Potentiation; Magnesium; Male; Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal; Neuroglia; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 2004 |
Role of L-glutamate in the locus coeruleus of rats in hypoxia-induced hyperventilation and anapyrexia.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hyperventilation; Hypoxia; Kynurenic Acid; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Microinjections; Multivariate Analysis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Respiration; Tidal Volume; Time Factors | 2004 |
Memantine inhibits and reverses the Alzheimer type abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau and associated neurodegeneration.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kynurenic Acid; Memantine; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Nerve Degeneration; Neurofibrils; Neuroprotective Agents; Okadaic Acid; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; Phosphorylation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; tau Proteins | 2004 |
Kynurenic acid and schizophrenia.
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Dopamine; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Models, Neurological; Phencyclidine; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Schizophrenia; Ventral Tegmental Area | 2003 |
Glutamatergic-receptors blockade does not regularize the slow wave sleep bursty pattern of subthalamic neurons.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Bicuculline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Electroencephalography; Electromyography; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Iontophoresis; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sleep; Subthalamic Nucleus | 2004 |
Effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist on pressor responses to pulsatile compression of the rostral ventrolateral medulla in rats.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Hypertension; Imidazoles; Injections, Intravenous; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Pulsatile Flow; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sympathetic Nervous System; Tetrazoles; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 2004 |
Contribution to sympathetic vasomotor tone of tonic glutamatergic inputs to neurons in the RVLM.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Models, Animal; Muscimol; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2004 |
Tracheal tone and the role of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the nucleus ambiguus.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Dogs; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Muscle Tonus; Muscle, Smooth; Receptors, Glutamate; Trachea; Xanthurenates | 2004 |
Voltammetric study of the control of striatal dopamine release by glutamate.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Drug Interactions; Electric Stimulation; Electrochemistry; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Extracellular Space; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microelectrodes; Nomifensine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tetrodotoxin | 2004 |
Glutamatergic neurotransmission modulates hypoxia-induced hyperventilation but not anapyrexia.
Topics: Animals; Benzoates; Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Hyperventilation; Hypoxia; Injections, Intraventricular; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2004 |
Glycine-induced neurotoxicity in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain Ischemia; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Hippocampus; Kynurenic Acid; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxins; Organ Culture Techniques; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Strychnine; Taurine | 2005 |
Prolonged nicotine administration results in biphasic, brain-specific changes in kynurenate levels in the rat.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation; Drug Administration Schedule; Extracellular Fluid; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder; Up-Regulation | 2005 |
Glutamate neurotransmission is not required for, but may modulate, hypoxic sensitivity of pre-Bötzinger complex in vivo.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Cats; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Homocysteine; Hypoxia; Iontophoresis; Kynurenic Acid; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons; Phrenic Nerve; Sodium Cyanide; Synaptic Transmission | 2005 |
Putative NMDA receptors in Hydra: a biochemical and functional study.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Binding Sites; Cell Membrane; Concanavalin A; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Feeding Behavior; Glutamic Acid; Glutathione; Glycine; Hydra; Kynurenic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Serine; Strychnine | 2004 |
Glutamate and GABA(B) transmissions in lateral amygdala are involved in startle-like electromyographic (EMG) potentiation caused by activation of auditory thalamus.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Baclofen; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, GABA-A; Reflex, Startle; Synaptic Transmission; Time Factors; Trigeminal Nuclei | 2005 |
Schwann cells exhibit excitotoxicity consistent with release of NMDA receptor agonists.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Calcium; Cell Death; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media, Conditioned; D-Amino-Acid Oxidase; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Embryo, Mammalian; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kynurenic Acid; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Schwann Cells; Tetrazolium Salts; Thiazoles; Time Factors | 2005 |
GABAergic neurons in the central region of the spinal cord: a novel substrate for sympathetic inhibition.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Action Potentials; Animals; Autonomic Fibers, Preganglionic; Axonal Transport; Bicuculline; Chlorides; Electric Stimulation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Herpesvirus 1, Suid; Homeostasis; In Situ Hybridization; Interneurons; Isoenzymes; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Strychnine | 2005 |
Activation of noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons by clozapine and haloperidol: involvement of glutamatergic mechanisms.
Topics: Action Potentials; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Butyrates; Clozapine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Haloperidol; Kynurenic Acid; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Neurons; Norepinephrine; Quinolones; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2005 |
Kynurenine 3-mono-oxygenase inhibitors reduce glutamate concentration in the extracellular spaces of the basal ganglia but not in those of the cortex or hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Basal Ganglia; Behavior, Animal; Brain Chemistry; Calcium Channel Blockers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase; Male; Microdialysis; Mixed Function Oxygenases; omega-Conotoxin GVIA; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Statistics, Nonparametric; Sulfonamides; Thiazoles; Time Factors | 2005 |
Demonstration of kynurenine aminotransferases I and II and characterization of kynurenic acid synthesis in cultured cerebral cortical neurons.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunohistochemistry; Isoenzymes; Kynurenic Acid; Leucine; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Transaminases | 2005 |
Glutamate receptors within the nucleus of solitary tract contribute to pancreatic secretion stimulated by intraduodenal hypertonic saline.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Duodenum; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Ornithine; Osmolar Concentration; Pancreas; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glutamate; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Solitary Nucleus; Vagus Nerve | 2005 |
Presynaptic Ca2+ requirements and developmental regulation of posttetanic potentiation at the calyx of Held.
Topics: Age Factors; Aniline Compounds; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Benzothiadiazines; Brain Stem; Calcium; Diagnostic Imaging; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Egtazic Acid; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Oxazoles; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Time Factors | 2005 |
Cholinergic stimulation in the lateral septal area activates anterior hypothalamic area neurons via excitatory amino acid receptors in rats.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus; Carbachol; Cholinergic Agonists; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Losartan; Male; Microinjections; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glutamate; Scopolamine; Septum of Brain | 2005 |
Role of pressor mechanisms from the NTS and CVLM in control of arterial pressure.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Muscimol; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Regional Blood Flow; Solitary Nucleus; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vascular Resistance | 2005 |
Cholinergic systems in the posterior hypothalamic nucleus are involved in blood pressure decrease-induced excitation of anterior hypothalamic area neurons in rats.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Angiotensin II; Animals; Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus; Blood Pressure; Carbachol; Cholinergic Agonists; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Hypothalamus, Posterior; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurons; Nitroprusside; Physostigmine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Scopolamine; Vasodilator Agents | 2005 |
Changes in synaptic structure underlie the developmental speeding of AMPA receptor-mediated EPSCs.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Benzodiazepines; Cerebellum; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Electric Conductivity; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Immunohistochemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Models, Neurological; Nerve Fibers; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Receptors, AMPA; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Temperature; Ultrasonography | 2005 |
Putative role of the NTS in alterations in neural control of the circulation following exercise training in rats.
Topics: Animals; Baroreflex; Bicuculline; Blood Circulation; Blood Pressure; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Muscimol; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Solitary Nucleus; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2006 |
Spontaneous alternation behaviour in rats: kynurenic acid attenuated deficits induced by MK-801.
Topics: Animals; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Exploratory Behavior; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Motor Activity; Nootropic Agents; Piracetam; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2006 |
Kynurenic acid synthesis in bovine retinal slices--effect of glutamate agonists.
Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cattle; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Organ Culture Techniques; Retina | 2006 |
Kynurenic acid has a dual action on AMPA receptor responses.
Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kynurenic Acid; Leucine; Male; Membrane Potentials; Mutagenesis; Oocytes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Tyrosine; Xenopus laevis | 2006 |
Taurine potentiates presynaptic NMDA receptors in hippocampal Schaffer collateral axons.
Topics: Animals; Axons; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Hippocampus; Kynurenic Acid; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Organ Culture Techniques; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glycine; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Serine; Synaptic Transmission; Taurine | 2006 |
Effects of intertrigeminal region NMDA and non-NMDA receptors on respiratory responses in rats.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Apnea; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Respiratory Mechanics; Trigeminal Nuclei | 2007 |
Paraventricular nucleus influence on renal sympathetic activity in vasopressin gene-deleted rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hemorrhage; Homocysteine; Kidney; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Neurons; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Rats; Rats, Brattleboro; Rats, Long-Evans; Spinal Nerves; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vasopressins | 2007 |
Exercise training attenuates increases in lumbar sympathetic nerve activity produced by stimulation of the rostral ventrolateral medulla.
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glutamate; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2007 |
Glycine binding sites of presynaptic NMDA receptors may tonically regulate glutamate release in the rat visual cortex.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Kynurenic Acid; Organ Culture Techniques; Presynaptic Terminals; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synaptic Transmission; Visual Cortex | 2007 |
Glutamatergic inputs in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus maintain sympathetic vasomotor tone in hypertension.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Blood Pressure; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hypertension; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Pyridazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vasomotor System | 2007 |
The descending motorcortical pathway to the laryngeal motoneurons in the squirrel monkey.
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Laryngeal Muscles; Laryngeal Nerves; Medulla Oblongata; Motor Cortex; Motor Neurons; Muscle Contraction; Pyramidal Tracts; Respiratory Center; Reticular Formation; Saimiri; Species Specificity; Synaptic Transmission; Vocalization, Animal | 2007 |
Involvement of L-glutamate and ATP in the neurotransmission of the sympathoexcitatory component of the chemoreflex in the commissural nucleus tractus solitarii of awake rats and in the working heart-brainstem preparation.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Brain Stem; Chemoreceptor Cells; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Neurons, Afferent; Nitroprusside; Potassium Cyanide; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Purinergic P2; Reflex; Respiratory Mechanics; Solitary Nucleus; Sympathetic Nervous System; Wakefulness | 2007 |
Glutamate regulates neurite outgrowth of cultured descending brain neurons from larval lamprey.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Brain; Cadmium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cells, Cultured; Cobalt; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Growth Cones; Kynurenic Acid; Lampreys; Larva; Neurites; Neurons, Afferent; omega-Conotoxins; Potassium; Time Factors | 2007 |
Dopamine receptor activation reveals a novel, kynurenate-sensitive component of striatal N-methyl-D-aspartate neurotoxicity.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Death; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Dopamine Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Nerve Degeneration; Neurotoxins; Quinolinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 2007 |
Adenosine receptor ligands protect against a combination of apoptotic and necrotic cell death in cerebellar granule neurons.
Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists; Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Death; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Cytarabine; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Necrosis; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Xanthines | 2008 |
Glutamatergic neurotransmission is not essential for, but plays a modulatory role in, the production of gasping in arterially-perfused adult rat.
Topics: Animals; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Phrenic Nerve; Quinoxalines; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Mechanics; Synaptic Transmission | 2008 |
Tonic facilitation of glutamate release by glycine binding sites on presynaptic NR2B-containing NMDA autoreceptors in the rat visual cortex.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Binding Sites; Dizocilpine Maleate; Drug Interactions; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Phenols; Piperidines; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Visual Cortex | 2008 |
Glutamatergic and purinergic mechanisms on respiratory modulation in the caudal NTS of awake rats.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Blood Pressure; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Neural Inhibition; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Plethysmography; Purines; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Respiration; Solitary Nucleus; Time Factors; Wakefulness | 2008 |
Surface mobility of postsynaptic AMPARs tunes synaptic transmission.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Diffusion; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kynurenic Acid; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Transfection | 2008 |
Induction of the kynurenine pathway by neurotropic influenza A virus infection.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Coculture Techniques; Encephalitis, Viral; Glutamic Acid; Influenza A virus; Kynurenic Acid; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neurons; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Schizophrenia; Serotonin; T-Lymphocytes | 2008 |
BDNF modulation of NMDA receptors is activity dependent.
Topics: Animals; Biophysics; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Chelating Agents; Egtazic Acid; Electric Stimulation; Embryo, Mammalian; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Ion Channel Gating; Iontophoresis; Kynurenic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 2008 |
Cerebrolysin lowers kynurenic acid formation--an in vitro study.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrochemistry; Glutamic Acid; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Liver; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Postmortem Changes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors; Transaminases; Tryptophan | 2009 |
Modulation of the sympathetic response to acute hypoxia by the caudal ventrolateral medulla in rats.
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Blood Pressure; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Agonists; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Hypoxia; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Models, Neurological; Muscimol; Neurons; Phrenic Nerve; Pyridazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glycine; Respiratory Mechanics; Sodium Cyanide; Splanchnic Nerves; Strychnine; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vagotomy | 2009 |
GABA and nitric oxide in the PVN are involved in arterial pressure control but not in the chemoreflex responses in rats.
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Blood Pressure; Chemoreceptor Cells; Cyanates; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Antagonists; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, GABA-A | 2009 |
Reinstatement of cocaine seeking by hypocretin (orexin) in the ventral tegmental area: independence from the local corticotropin-releasing factor network.
Topics: Animals; Cocaine; Dopamine; Drug Interactions; Electroshock; Glutamic Acid; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Neuropeptides; Orexin Receptors; Orexins; Phenylurea Compounds; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, Neuropeptide; Self Administration; Ventral Tegmental Area | 2009 |
Depolarization-induced release of endocannabinoids by murine dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve neurons differentially regulates inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Arachidonic Acids; Benzoxazines; Brain Stem; Calcium Signaling; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; Capsaicin; Efferent Pathways; Endocannabinoids; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Morpholines; Naphthalenes; Neurons; Piperidines; Pyrazoles; Pyridazines; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Receptors, Presynaptic; Rimonabant; Tetrodotoxin; Vagus Nerve | 2009 |
Vesicular glutamate filling and AMPA receptor occupancy at the calyx of Held synapse of immature rats.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Action Potentials; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Benzothiadiazines; Brain Stem; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Presynaptic Terminals; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synapses; Synaptic Vesicles; Temperature; Tetrodotoxin | 2009 |
Cardiovascular responses to hydrogen peroxide into the nucleus tractus solitarius.
Topics: Amitrole; Anesthesia; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Cardiovascular System; Chloralose; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hypotension; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Solitary Nucleus; Urethane | 2009 |
Kinetic basis of partial agonism at NMDA receptors.
Topics: Action Potentials; Alanine; Amino Acids, Cyclic; Animals; Binding Sites; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Cycloserine; Excitatory Amino Acid Agents; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Humans; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Models, Molecular; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 2009 |
Glutamate modulation of antinociception, but not tolerance, produced by morphine microinjection into the periaqueductal gray of the rat.
Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Drug Tolerance; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Hot Temperature; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Morphine; Pain; Pain Measurement; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Staining and Labeling | 2009 |
The astrocyte-derived alpha7 nicotinic receptor antagonist kynurenic acid controls extracellular glutamate levels in the prefrontal cortex.
Topics: alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; Animals; Astrocytes; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Extracellular Fluid; Galantamine; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Microdialysis; Nicotinic Antagonists; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Nicotinic; Schizophrenia | 2010 |
Glutamatergic antagonism in the NTS decreases post-inspiratory drive and changes phrenic and sympathetic coupling during chemoreflex activation.
Topics: Animals; Chemoreceptor Cells; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Exhalation; Glutamic Acid; Inhalation; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Models, Animal; Phrenic Nerve; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Solitary Nucleus; Sympathetic Nervous System; Synaptic Transmission | 2010 |
Reduction of endogenous kynurenic acid formation enhances extracellular glutamate, hippocampal plasticity, and cognitive behavior.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Avoidance Learning; Cognition; Discrimination, Psychological; Exploratory Behavior; Extracellular Fluid; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Long-Term Potentiation; Maze Learning; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Microdialysis; Neuropsychological Tests; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Recognition, Psychology; Transaminases | 2010 |
Modulation of propofol on the effects of blood pressure and firing activity of related neurons in the medulla.
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Blood Pressure; Cats; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons; Propofol | 2009 |
Cortical kynurenic acid bi-directionally modulates prefrontal glutamate levels as assessed by microdialysis and rapid electrochemistry.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Electrochemical Techniques; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2010 |
The viscerosympathetic response in rabbits is mediated by GABAergic and glutamatergic inputs into the sympathetic premotor neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla.
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Electric Stimulation; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Kidney; Kynurenic Acid; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons; Rabbits; Reflex; Spinal Cord; Splanchnic Nerves; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2010 |
Differential organization of excitatory and inhibitory synapses within the rat dorsal vagal complex.
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Brain Stem; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Solitary Nucleus; Synapses; Vagus Nerve | 2011 |
Involvement of the purinergic system in central cardiovascular modulation at the level of the nucleus ambiguus of anaesthetized rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; Animals; Atropine Derivatives; Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Muscarinic Antagonists; Prazosin; Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Purinergic P2; Vagus Nerve | 2011 |
Modulation of respiratory responses to chemoreflex activation by L-glutamate and ATP in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of awake rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Chemoreceptor Cells; Consciousness; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Models, Animal; Oxygen Consumption; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Purinergic P2X; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2011 |
Desynchronization of multivesicular release enhances Purkinje cell output.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Biophysical Phenomena; Calcium; Cerebellum; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Linear Models; Mice; Nerve Fibers; Nerve Net; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Purkinje Cells; Quinoxalines; Strontium; Synapses; Time Factors | 2011 |
Fluctuations in endogenous kynurenic acid control hippocampal glutamate and memory.
Topics: Animals; Extracellular Fluid; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Maze Learning; Memory; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2011 |
Arrangement of subunits in functional NMDA receptors.
Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Amino Acid Motifs; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cell Line, Transformed; Copper Sulfate; Cysteine; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Agents; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Microinjections; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis; Mutation; Oocytes; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protein Subunits; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Statistics, Nonparametric; Transfection; Xenopus | 2011 |
Acute elevations of brain kynurenic acid impair cognitive flexibility: normalization by the alpha7 positive modulator galantamine.
Topics: alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; Animals; Brain; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Disease Models, Animal; Galantamine; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Nootropic Agents; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Nicotinic; Schizophrenia | 2012 |
Distinct functional roles of subunits within the heteromeric kainate receptor.
Topics: Animals; Gene Expression Regulation; GluK2 Kainate Receptor; Glutamic Acid; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Protein Multimerization; Protein Subunits; Rats; Receptors, Kainic Acid | 2011 |
Chronic intermittent hypoxia alters glutamatergic control of sympathetic and respiratory activities in the commissural NTS of rats.
Topics: Animals; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Hypoxia; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Models, Animal; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Respiratory System; Solitary Nucleus; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2012 |
Cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II and glutamate in the PVN of Dahl salt-sensitive rats.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Rats; Rats, Inbred Dahl; Receptors, Angiotensin; Tetrazoles | 2012 |
Pre- and postnatal exposure to kynurenine causes cognitive deficits in adulthood.
Topics: Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cognition Disorders; Electrochemical Techniques; Female; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Maze Learning; Memory; Microdialysis; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Spatial Behavior | 2012 |
Frog retinal ganglion cells projecting to the tectum layer F release acetylcholine as co-mediator.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Animals; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Neurotransmitter Agents; Presynaptic Terminals; Rana temporaria; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Synaptic Potentials; Synaptic Transmission; Tectum Mesencephali | 2012 |
ONO-2506 inhibits spike-wave discharges in a genetic animal model without affecting traditional convulsive tests via gliotransmission regulation.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Astrocytes; Caprylates; Cells, Cultured; Convulsants; Disease Models, Animal; Electroshock; Epilepsy; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Pentylenetetrazole; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serine; Synaptic Transmission | 2013 |
Glutamatergic neurotransmission in the hypothalamus PVN on heart rate variability in exercise trained rats.
Topics: Animals; Arterial Pressure; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synaptic Transmission | 2012 |
Hypoxia-induced hypothermia mediated by the glutamatergic transmission in the lateral preoptic area.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Body Temperature; Carbon Dioxide; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hypothermia; Hypoxia; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Nitric Oxide; Norepinephrine; Preoptic Area; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Respiration, Artificial; Synaptic Transmission | 2012 |
Munc13 genotype regulates secretory amyloid precursor protein processing via postsynaptic glutamate receptors.
Topics: Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Brain; Calcium Channel Blockers; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Gene Expression Regulation; Genotype; Glutamic Acid; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Kynurenic Acid; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Microscopy, Confocal; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Organ Culture Techniques; Phorbol Esters; Potassium Chloride; Receptors, Glutamate; Synapses; Tetanus Toxin; Tetrodotoxin; Time Factors | 2013 |
Caudal ventrolateral medulla mediates baroreceptor afferent inputs to subfornical organ angiotensin II responsive neurons.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Angiotensin II; Animals; Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Carotid Arteries; Cobalt; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Neurons; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Subfornical Organ; Synapses | 2013 |
Effects of intrathecal kynurenate on arterial pressure during chronic osmotic stress in conscious rats.
Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Arterial Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Consciousness; Desoxycorticosterone; Disease Models, Animal; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hypertension; Injections, Spinal; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate; Spinal Cord; Stress, Physiological; Telemetry; Time Factors; Water Deprivation | 2013 |
Early developmental elevations of brain kynurenic acid impair cognitive flexibility in adults: reversal with galantamine.
Topics: Animals; Attention; Brain; Cognition; Female; Galantamine; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Nootropic Agents; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Set, Psychology | 2013 |
Kynurenic acid, by targeting α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, modulates extracellular GABA levels in the rat striatum in vivo.
Topics: alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; Animals; Cholinergic Agonists; Cholinergic Antagonists; Corpus Striatum; Extracellular Space; Galantamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Nicotinic; Schiff Bases | 2013 |
Effect of modulating the allosteric sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney injury.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Allosteric Site; Animals; Catalase; Glutamic Acid; Glutathione; Ketamine; Kynurenic Acid; Magnesium Sulfate; Male; Models, Animal; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reperfusion Injury; Spermidine; Superoxides; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances | 2013 |
Central mineralocorticoid receptors and the role of angiotensin II and glutamate in the paraventricular nucleus of rats with angiotensin II-induced hypertension.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Benzimidazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Disease Models, Animal; Eplerenone; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hypertension; Infusions, Intravenous; Infusions, Intraventricular; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Mineralocorticoid; Signal Transduction; Spironolactone; Tetrazoles | 2013 |
Long-lasting intrinsic persistent firing in rat CA1 pyramidal cells: a possible mechanism for active maintenance of memory.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Animals, Newborn; CA1 Region, Hippocampal; Carbachol; Cholinergic Agonists; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Picrotoxin; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Sesterterpenes; Time Factors | 2013 |
Spinal cord GABA receptors modulate the exercise pressor reflex in decerebrate rats.
Topics: Animals; Benzylamines; Bicuculline; Blood Pressure; Decerebrate State; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Models, Animal; Phosphinic Acids; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, GABA; Spinal Cord | 2013 |
Most vesicles in a central nerve terminal participate in recycling.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Biophysics; Brain Stem; Electric Stimulation; Endocytosis; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Agents; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Exocytosis; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Macrolides; Male; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptic Vesicles | 2013 |
L-glutamate microinjection in the preoptic area increases brain and body temperature in freely moving rats.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Brain; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microinjections; Motor Activity; Preoptic Area; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2014 |
Novel hypoglycemic injury mechanism: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated white matter damage.
Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Calcium; Disease Models, Animal; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Glycogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoglycemia; Kynurenic Acid; Lactic Acid; Leukoencephalopathies; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Optic Nerve Injuries; Quinoxalines; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 2014 |
Repeated restraint stress enhances glutamatergic transmission in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus.
Topics: Animals; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Neurons; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Picrotoxin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Restraint, Physical; Stress, Physiological | 2013 |
Endogenous kynurenic acid regulates extracellular GABA levels in the rat prefrontal cortex.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; Animals; Central Nervous System Agents; Cholinergic Agents; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Extracellular Space; Galantamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glycine; Schiff Bases | 2014 |
A systemically-available kynurenine aminotransferase II (KAT II) inhibitor restores nicotine-evoked glutamatergic activity in the cortex of rats.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Membrane Potentials; Microdialysis; Microelectrodes; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Potassium Chloride; Prefrontal Cortex; Pyrazoles; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Transaminases | 2014 |
Swimming exercise changes hemodynamic responses evoked by blockade of excitatory amino receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Kynurenic Acid; Medulla Oblongata; Nitric Oxide; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Receptors, Glutamate; Swimming | 2014 |
Overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 attenuates tonically active glutamatergic input to the rostral ventrolateral medulla in hypertensive rats.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Animals; Blood Pressure; Disease Models, Animal; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Vectors; Glutamic Acid; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Injections; Kynurenic Acid; Lentivirus; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Norepinephrine; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Receptors, Glutamate; Time Factors; Up-Regulation | 2014 |
Kynurenic acid inhibits proliferation and migration of human glioblastoma T98G cells.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzodiazepines; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Female; Glioblastoma; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Middle Aged | 2014 |
Modulation by kynurenine of extracellular kynurenate and glutamate in cerebral cortex of rats with acute liver failure.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Liver Failure, Acute; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Transaminases | 2014 |
Elevated levels of kynurenic acid during gestation produce neurochemical, morphological, and cognitive deficits in adulthood: implications for schizophrenia.
Topics: alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; Animals; Attention; Brain; Cognition; Dendritic Spines; Diet; Female; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Reversal Learning; RNA, Messenger; Schizophrenia | 2015 |
Glutamatergic drive facilitates synaptic inhibition of dorsal vagal motor neurons after experimentally induced diabetes in mice.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Mice; Miniature Postsynaptic Potentials; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Receptors, Glutamate; Sodium Channel Blockers; Tetrodotoxin; Tissue Culture Techniques; Vagus Nerve | 2016 |
The activation of metabotropic glutamate 5 receptors in the rat ventral tegmental area increases dopamine extracellular levels.
Topics: Animals; Dopamine; Excitatory Amino Acid Agents; Extracellular Fluid; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Microdialysis; Phenylacetates; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; Thiazoles; Ventral Tegmental Area | 2017 |
Perifornical hypothalamic pathway to the adrenal gland: Role for glutamatergic transmission in the glucose counter-regulatory response.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Autonomic Pathways; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Hypothalamus; Kynurenic Acid; Lumbar Vertebrae; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glutamate; Sympathetic Nervous System; Synaptic Transmission; Urethane | 2017 |
Topical dura mater application of CFA induces enhanced expression of c-fos and glutamate in rat trigeminal nucleus caudalis: attenuated by KYNA derivate (SZR72).
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Dura Mater; Freund's Adjuvant; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Migraine Disorders; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2017 |
Oral administration of a specific kynurenic acid synthesis (KAT II) inhibitor attenuates evoked glutamate release in rat prefrontal cortex.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Routes; Electrodes; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Microdialysis; N-Methylaspartate; Neural Pathways; Nucleus Accumbens; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Thiazolidinediones; Transaminases | 2017 |
PACAP-(6-38) or kynurenate microinjections in the RVLM prevent the development of sympathetic long-term facilitation after acute intermittent hypoxia.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Hypertension; Hypoxia; Kynurenic Acid; Long-Term Potentiation; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Peptide Fragments; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Sympathetic Nervous System; Synaptic Transmission; Time Factors | 2018 |
Chronic Mild Stress Alters Kynurenine Pathways Changing the Glutamate Neurotransmission in Frontal Cortex of Rats.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Chronic Disease; Cytokines; Frontal Lobe; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Inflammation Mediators; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Quinolinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Stress, Psychological; Synaptic Transmission; Tryptophan | 2019 |
Salivary kynurenic acid response to psychological stress: inverse relationship to cortical glutamate in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Female; Glutamic Acid; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychotic Disorders; Saliva; Schizophrenia; Stress, Psychological | 2018 |
Astrocytic Mechanisms Involving Kynurenic Acid Control Δ
Topics: Action Potentials; alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Dronabinol; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Nucleus Accumbens; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Reward; Rimonabant; RNA, Messenger; Sulfonamides; Thiazoles; Ventral Tegmental Area | 2019 |
Chronic Intermittent Ethanol and Acute Stress Similarly Modulate BNST CRF Neuron Activity via Noradrenergic Signaling.
Topics: Adrenergic Neurons; Animals; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Ethanol; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Gene Knock-In Techniques; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Norepinephrine; Picrotoxin; Propranolol; Restraint, Physical; Septal Nuclei; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2019 |
Development of an underivatized LC-MS/MS method for quantitation of 14 neurotransmitters in rat hippocampus, plasma and urine: Application to CUMS induced depression rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chromatography, Liquid; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Phenylalanine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tryptophan; Urinalysis | 2019 |
Neurotransmitter and tryptophan metabolite concentration changes in the complete Freund's adjuvant model of orofacial pain.
Topics: Animals; Facial Pain; Freund's Adjuvant; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Norepinephrine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serotonin; Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus; Tryptophan; Vibrissae | 2020 |
The role of neuronal excitation and inhibition in the pre-Bötzinger complex on the cough reflex in the cat.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cats; Central Pattern Generators; Cough; Electromyography; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Homocysteine; Inhalation; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Pyridazines; Reflex; Respiratory Rate | 2022 |
Disturbance of neurotransmitter metabolism in drug-naïve, first-episode major depressive disorder: a comparative study on adult and adolescent cohorts.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Serotonin; Tryptophan; Vanilmandelic Acid | 2022 |
Peripheral N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation contributes to monosodium glutamate-induced headache but not nausea behaviours in rats.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Female; Glutamic Acid; Headache; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Metoclopramide; Nausea; Ondansetron; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Sodium Glutamate | 2022 |
Impact of the glutamatergic neurotransmission within the A5 region on the cardiorespiratory response evoked from the midbrain dlPAG.
Topics: Animals; Glutamic Acid; Heart Rate; Kynurenic Acid; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats; Synaptic Transmission; Tachycardia; Tachypnea | 2023 |
Kynurenic Acid Levels and Kynurenine Aminotransferase I, II and III Activities in Ganglia, Heart and Liver of Snail Helix Pomatia.
Topics: Animals; Biotin; Ganglia; Glutamic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Liver; Mammals; Rats; Transaminases | 2023 |