Page last updated: 2024-11-04

urocanic acid

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth

Description

Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID736715
CHEMBL ID1236602
CHEBI ID30817
CHEBI ID27248
SCHEMBL ID15417
MeSH IDM0022382

Synonyms (109)

Synonym
MLS001148240
CHEMBL1236602
trans-urocanic acid
CHEBI:30817 ,
(e)-3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)-2-propenoic acid
(2e)-3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)prop-2-enoic acid
smr000059098
MLS000069482 ,
nsc 66357
(e)-3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)prop-2-enoic acid
imidazole-4-propene-2-enoic acid [urocanic acid]
EU-0101255
2-propenoic acid, 3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)-
imidazole-4-acrylic acid
imidazoleacrylic acid
urocaninic acid
nsc-66357
5-imidazoleacrylic acid
4-imidazoleacrylic acid
nsc66357
3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)-2-propenoic acid
CHEBI:27248
3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)prop-2-enoic acid
3-imidazol-4-ylacrylic acid
(2e)-3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)acrylic acid
LOPAC0_001255
nsc407934
urocanic acid, cis
UROCANATE ,
urocanic acid
104-98-3
C00785
4-imidazoleacrylic acid, 99%
DB01971
NCGC00094495-01
NCGC00094495-02
23A7DA77-EC02-46B9-AA22-514C2B2A62E9
U 7500
NCGC00094495-03
(e)-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)prop-2-enoic acid
BMSE000279
I0002
3465-72-3
STK735136
AKOS001745677
AKOS005265082
HMS3263L12
g8d26xjj3b ,
2-propenoic acid, 3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)-, (e)-
unii-g8d26xjj3b
tox21_202978
cas-104-98-3
dtxcid3021148
NCGC00260524-01
dtxsid5041148 ,
CCG-205329
3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)acrylic acid
HMS2234N08
S9449
3-(4-imidazolyl)acrylic acid
2-propenoic acid, 3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)-
(2e)-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)prop-2-enoic acid
HS-0075
LP01255
(e)-3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)acrylic acid
AKOS022488522
BBL027507
(e)-3-(imidazol-4-yl)acrylic acid
e-3-(4-imidazolyl)propenoic acid
trans-4-imidazoleacrylic acid
SCHEMBL15417
urocanic acid, trans-
(e)-3-(4-imidazolyl)acrylic acid
imidazole-4-acrylic acid, (e)-
(e)-3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-propenoic acid
urocanic acid [inci]
tox21_501255
NCGC00261940-01
(e)-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)acrylic acid
3-(3h-imidazol-4-yl)-acrylic acid
4-imidazole acrylic acid dihydrate
2-propenoic acid, 3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)-, (2e)-
W-108797
OPERA_ID_26
mfcd00005203
SR-01000076189-1
sr-01000076189
5-imidazoleacrylate
imidazole-4-acrylate
3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)-2-propenoate
3-(4-imidazolyl)acrylate
3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)acrylate
HY-113008
CS-0059340
(e)-3-(imidazol-4-yl)propenoic acid
Q60998685
E72446
Q30536
(z)-urocanic acid;cis-uca
SDCCGSBI-0051222.P002
NCGC00094495-05
AMY7015
2-propenoic acid, 3-(1h-imidazole-4-yl)-
3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)-2-propenoic acid; 4-imidazoleacrylic acid; 5-imidazoleacrylic acid; urocaninic acid
A936841
(e)-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)acrylicacid
EN300-343465
1h-imidazole-4-acrylic acid (urocanic acid)
mfcd01593677

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Unlike the effect of coexposure to these agents on thymic end points, cUCA did not exacerbate permethrin's adverse effect on any of the splenic end points examined."( Cis-urocanic acid increases immunotoxicity and lethality of dermally administered permethrin in C57BL/6N mice.
Blaylock, BL; Gogal, RM; Holladay, SD; Prater, MR,
)
0.13

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated based on a two-compartment model."( Pharmacokinetics of stable isotopically labeled L-histidine in humans and the assessment of in vivo histidine ammonia lyase activities.
Furuta, T; Kasuya, Y; Okamiya, K; Shibasaki, H, 1996
)
0.29

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" In this study we determined a detailed dose-response for the isomerization of UCA in mouse skin using the UVA-I, UVA-II and UVA-I+II wavelength ranges."( The effects of UVA-I (340-400 nm), UVA-II (320-340 nm) and UVA-I+II on the photoisomerization of urocanic acid in vivo.
De Fabo, EC; Webber, LJ; Whang, E, 1997
)
0.3
" The dose-response curves, calculated by linear regression or curve fitting were compared."( Direct comparison of DNA damage, isomerization of urocanic acid and edema in the mouse produced by three commonly used artificial UV light sources.
Ananthaswamy, HN; Fourtanier, A; Kibitel, J; Kim, TH; Krien, P; Kripke, ML; Ullrich, SE; Yarosh, DB, 1999
)
0.3
" Because of this apparent sensitivity of C57BL/6N mice to cUCA, thymic hypocellularity was compared between C57BL/6N and C3H/HeN mice dosed with cUCA, and was found to be more pronounced in the C57BL/6N strain."( Immunotoxic effects of cis-urocanic acid exposure in C57BL/6N and C3H/HeN mice.
De Fabo, EC; Gogal, RM; Holladay, SD; Longstreth, J; Prater, MR, 2003
)
0.32
" In the first part, the subjects were dosed topically on a randomized eye with one drop three times at 7 ± 1 hr intervals during 1 day."( A randomized phase I clinical study of cis-urocanic acid eye drops in healthy adult subjects.
Jauhonen, HM; Kaarniranta, K; Kari, E; Laihia, J; Leino, L; Poutanen, J; Pylkkänen, L, 2015
)
0.42
" Topical ocular dosing leads to transient systemic exposure to cis-UCA that does not cause systemic AEs."( A randomized phase I clinical study of cis-urocanic acid eye drops in healthy adult subjects.
Jauhonen, HM; Kaarniranta, K; Kari, E; Laihia, J; Leino, L; Poutanen, J; Pylkkänen, L, 2015
)
0.42
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
human metaboliteAny mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
urocanic acidAn alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (10)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Metabolism14961108
Amino acid and derivative metabolism250260
Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism4485
Histidine catabolism822
Histidine Metabolism1735
Ammonia Recycling1227
Histidinemia1735
Histidine degradation ( Histidine degradation )2326
Amino acid metabolism pathway excerpt: histidine catabolism extension016
Biochemical pathways: part I0466

Protein Targets (14)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.00000.177814.390939.8107AID2147
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency34.41120.006038.004119,952.5996AID1159521
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency43.32110.000221.22318,912.5098AID1259243
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency27.33380.003041.611522,387.1992AID1159552
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency61.19270.001530.607315,848.9004AID1224841
arylsulfatase AHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.19951.069113.955137.9330AID720538
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency6.30590.035520.977089.1251AID504332
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.00790.540617.639296.1227AID2364; AID2528
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.95260.006026.168889.1251AID488953
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency77.03710.000323.4451159.6830AID743065
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.31095.804836.130665.1308AID540253
snurportin-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.31095.804836.130665.1308AID540253
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.31095.804816.996225.9290AID540253
neuropeptide S receptor isoform AHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.01190.015812.3113615.5000AID1461
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (47)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID588461High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588461High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588461High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588459High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588459High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588459High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588460High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588460High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588460High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1347410qHTS for inhibitors of adenylyl cyclases using a fission yeast platform: a pilot screen against the NCATS LOPAC library2019Cellular signalling, 08, Volume: 60A fission yeast platform for heterologous expression of mammalian adenylyl cyclases and high throughput screening.
AID1347057CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - LANCE assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID588378qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation
AID1347049Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot screen2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347405qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS LOPAC collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID504836Inducers of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response (ERSR) in human glioma: Validation2002The Journal of biological chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 277, Issue:16
Sustained ER Ca2+ depletion suppresses protein synthesis and induces activation-enhanced cell death in mast cells.
AID1347058CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - HTRF assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347050Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr2) antagonism - Pilot subtype selectivity assay2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347151Optimization of GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347059CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - Alpha assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347045Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot counterscreen GloSensor control cell line2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID588349qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation of Cytotoxic Assay
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1224864HCS microscopy assay (F508del-CFTR)2016PloS one, , Volume: 11, Issue:10
Increasing the Endoplasmic Reticulum Pool of the F508del Allele of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Leads to Greater Folding Correction by Small Molecule Therapeutics.
AID521220Inhibition of neurosphere proliferation of mouse neural precursor cells by MTT assay2007Nature chemical biology, May, Volume: 3, Issue:5
Chemical genetics reveals a complex functional ground state of neural stem cells.
AID595478Inhibition of mouse GAT2-mediated [3H]GABA uptake expressed in human HEK cells assessed as specific binding remaining at 1 mM2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 46, Issue:5
Development of imidazole alkanoic acids as mGAT3 selective GABA uptake inhibitors.
AID595477Inhibition of mouse GAT1-mediated [3H]GABA uptake expressed in human HEK cells assessed as specific binding remaining at 1 mM2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 46, Issue:5
Development of imidazole alkanoic acids as mGAT3 selective GABA uptake inhibitors.
AID595480Inhibition of mouse GAT4-mediated [3H]GABA uptake expressed in human HEK cells assessed as specific binding remaining at 1 mM2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 46, Issue:5
Development of imidazole alkanoic acids as mGAT3 selective GABA uptake inhibitors.
AID595479Inhibition of mouse GAT3-mediated [3H]GABA uptake expressed in human HEK cells assessed as specific binding remaining at 1 mM2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 46, Issue:5
Development of imidazole alkanoic acids as mGAT3 selective GABA uptake inhibitors.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).2014Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (469)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-1990127 (27.08)18.7374
1990's137 (29.21)18.2507
2000's90 (19.19)29.6817
2010's89 (18.98)24.3611
2020's26 (5.54)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials12 (2.42%)5.53%
Reviews39 (7.88%)6.00%
Case Studies6 (1.21%)4.05%
Observational1 (0.20%)0.25%
Other437 (88.28%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]