Roles > skin lightening agent
Page last updated: 2024-08-05 14:52:26

skin lightening agent

Any cosmetic used to lighten the colour of skin by reducing the concentration of melanin.

ChEBI ID: 85046

Members (4)

MemberDefinitionClass
ascorbic acidThe L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.L-ascorbic acid
ellagic acidAn organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the formal dimerisation of gallic acid by oxidative aromatic coupling with intramolecular lactonisation of both carboxylic acid groups of the resulting biaryl. It is found in many fruits and vegetables, including raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, and pomegranates.ellagic acid
hydroquinoneA benzenediol comprising benzene core carrying two hydroxy substituents para to each other.hydroquinone
kojic acidA pyranone that is 4H-pyran substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5, a hydroxymethyl group at position 2 and an oxo group at position 4. It has been isolated from the fungus Aspergillus oryzae.kojic acid

Research

Studies (45,687)

TimeframeStudies, Drugs with This Role(%)All Drugs %
pre-199015,883 (34.76)18.7374
1990's6,088 (13.33)18.2507
2000's9,533 (20.87)29.6817
2010's10,444 (22.86)24.3611
2020's3,739 (8.18)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeStudies, Drugs with this Role (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials2,643 (5.35%)5.53%
Reviews2,922 (5.92%)6.00%
Case Studies890 (1.80%)4.05%
Observational52 (0.11%)0.25%
Other42,879 (86.82%)84.16%

Protein Targets (292)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency4.245916
15-lipoxygenase, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.430412
acetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.776211
activating transcription factor 6Homo sapiens (human)Potency24.388211
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.481311
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1Plasmodium falciparum 3D7Potency0.794311
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency33.4538716
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.595937
arylsulfatase AHomo sapiens (human)Potency30.131311
ATAD5 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.587811
Ataxin-2Homo sapiens (human)Potency46.980522
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency13.817622
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)Potency54.150411
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.794425
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2BHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.794311
caspase-3Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency27.139511
Caspase-7Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency27.139511
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency36.879424
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.106012
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency9.926015
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.074925
Chain A, Beta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12Potency56.234111
Chain A, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.319026
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3AHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.707911
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.063434
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolaseGiardia intestinalisPotency9.998224
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.056224
Chain B, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.319026
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency52.411423
core-binding factor subunit beta isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.360422
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.810711
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency43.648611
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.000022
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.138413
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency60.757811
DNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.158511
DNA polymerase eta isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.794311
DNA polymerase III, partialBacillus subtilisPotency5.323311
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.611012
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.390513
endonuclease IVEscherichia coliPotency14.976322
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency32.1991921
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency40.274424
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency16.06071021
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.399814
farnesoid X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency26.843333
flap endonuclease 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.382713
fructose-bisphosphate aldolase AOryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)Potency63.095711
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.000011
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.590737
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.423928
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.516823
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency29.9291310
Glutamate receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.014111
Glutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.232622
Glutamate receptor 3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.014111
Glutamate receptor 4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.014111
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency79.432811
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)Homo sapiens (human)Potency22.387211
heat shock protein beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.265511
hemoglobin subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.800033
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Potency19.224227
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.118911
Histone H2A.xCricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency42.065627
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency11.220211
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunitHomo sapiens (human)Potency61.260411
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.995322
IDH1Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.651812
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.848911
Inositol monophosphatase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.848911
interleukin 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency66.824211
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.193125
lethal factor (plasmid)Bacillus anthracis str. A2012Potency5.367113
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform IHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.631011
LuciferasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)Potency23.148133
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproproteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency4.466811
M-phase phosphoprotein 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency89.125111
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency23.422927
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.952611
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency19.952611
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency79.432811
NFKB1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.000022
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency91.999711
Nrf2Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.356411
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency14.7975414
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency20.596211
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency43.369011
Nuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.590911
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Potency22.671125
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency22.207739
ParkinHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.092911
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency4.875522
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.375823
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency21.331311
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency23.102412
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)Potency23.753122
phosphoglycerate kinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency0.891311
phosphopantetheinyl transferaseBacillus subtilisPotency67.844713
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.784212
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency54.150411
progesterone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency64.673712
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.000011
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.952611
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency20.6239211
ras-related protein Rab-9AHomo sapiens (human)Potency58.047911
regulator of G-protein signaling 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency51.605412
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency26.2201311
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.759534
runt-related transcription factor 1 isoform AML1bHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.360422
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.952611
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.553133
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.436811
snurportin-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.848911
Spike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusPotency10.865512
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.502625
thioredoxin glutathione reductaseSchistosoma mansoniPotency22.387211
thioredoxin reductaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency32.850212
ThrombopoietinHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.589322
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency29.883939
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency34.913423
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency44.524733
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.122011
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency50.451222
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)Homo sapiens (human)Potency38.338512
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency16.903736
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRAHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.810711
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunitMus musculus (house mouse)Potency30.451011

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)IC501.850011
5'-nucleotidaseMus musculus (house mouse)IC500.040011
acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase/HMG-CoA reductaseEnterococcus faecalisIC501,265.390011
AcetylcholinesteraseElectrophorus electricus (electric eel)IC50132.920011
AcetylcholinesteraseElectrophorus electricus (electric eel)Ki0.001211
Adenosine receptor A1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.570033
Adenosine receptor A2aRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki7.615022
AlbuminBos taurus (cattle)IC50155.380011
Aldehyde oxidase 1Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki4.530011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.200011
ALK tyrosine kinase receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC5040.000011
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC502.000011
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC508.330011
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC502.000011
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC502.000011
Amyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)IC50200.000022
Angiopoietin-1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC500.260011
Angiotensin-converting enzyme Homo sapiens (human)IC505,000.000011
Aurora kinase AHomo sapiens (human)IC502.480011
Aurora kinase BHomo sapiens (human)IC502.500011
Beta-secretase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC503.900011
Bifunctional epoxide hydrolase 2Homo sapiens (human)IC5020.700011
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alphaBos taurus (cattle)IC500.600011
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC502.050022
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)IC502.050022
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)IC502.050022
Carbonic anhydraseDicentrarchus labrax (European seabass)Ki5.930011
Carbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki113.9178723
Carbonic anhydrase 12Homo sapiens (human)Ki103.4712416
Carbonic anhydrase 13Homo sapiens (human)Ki4.240011
Carbonic anhydrase 13Mus musculus (house mouse)Ki114.2727315
Carbonic anhydrase 14Homo sapiens (human)Ki112.0267315
Carbonic anhydrase 15Mus musculus (house mouse)Ki10.600011
Carbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki114.3717723
Carbonic anhydrase 3Homo sapiens (human)Ki109.8793315
Carbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)Ki115.5300419
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)Ki110.0787315
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)Ki110.3127315
Carbonic anhydrase 6Homo sapiens (human)Ki142.2763419
Carbonic anhydrase 7Homo sapiens (human)Ki157.9750416
Carbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)Ki109.4475416
Casein kinase II subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC500.040033
Casein kinase II subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.020011
Casein kinase II subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.040011
Casein kinase II subunit alpha'Homo sapiens (human)IC500.040022
Casein kinase II subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)IC500.040022
Casein kinase II subunit betaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.040011
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.090013
Chain A, Casein kinase II subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.020011
Chain A, Hyaluronidase, phage associatedStreptococcus pyogenesIC501,000.000011
CruzipainTrypanosoma cruziIC50142.000022
Cyclin-A1Homo sapiens (human)IC503.390011
Cyclin-A2Homo sapiens (human)IC503.390011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)IC503.390011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4Homo sapiens (human)IC501.090011
Cysteine protease ATG4BHomo sapiens (human)IC504.250022
Cytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)IC5012.444612
Cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)IC504.770011
Cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Ki1.950011
D-amino-acid oxidaseHomo sapiens (human)IC502.000011
D-amino-acid oxidaseSus scrofa (pig)IC502.000011
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.450011
DNA polymerase etaHomo sapiens (human)IC500.062011
DNA polymerase iotaHomo sapiens (human)IC500.062011
DNA primaseMycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551IC50100.000011
dual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)IC501.105022
dual specificity protein phosphatase 6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC5039.500011
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1AHomo sapiens (human)IC5040.000011
Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1Mus musculus (house mouse)IC500.500011
ELAV-like protein 3Homo sapiens (human)IC500.600011
Ephrin type-B receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)IC501.830011
Epidermal growth factor receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC500.690011
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 isoform 4Homo sapiens (human)IC5047.671411
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)IC5047.671411
Focal adhesion kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC503.110011
G-protein coupled receptor 35Homo sapiens (human)IC500.100011
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1Homo sapiens (human)IC501.090011
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)IC5022.800011
Glutathione S-transferasePlasmodium falciparum 3D7IC5074.400011
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1Mus musculus (house mouse)IC50100.000011
Glutathione S-transferase PHomo sapiens (human)IC5063.550022
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)IC507.500011
heat shock 70kDa protein 1AHomo sapiens (human)IC5066.920033
heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)IC5099.600022
heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)IC5099.600022
Hepatocyte growth factor receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC500.580011
Hyaluronate lyaseStreptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4IC506,000.000011
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)IC501.980011
Insulin receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC500.340011
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC500.250011
Integrase Human immunodeficiency virus 1IC505.100022
large T antigenBetapolyomavirus macacaeIC507.760011
likely tRNA 2'-phosphotransferaseCandida albicans SC5314IC500.291322
M17 leucyl aminopeptidasePlasmodium falciparum 3D7IC50138.080011
Macrophage migration inhibitory factorHomo sapiens (human)IC504.770011
Macrophage migration inhibitory factorHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.950011
Mcl-1Homo sapiens (human)IC5027.285022
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8Homo sapiens (human)IC502.370011
mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.142011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.570014
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.570013
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.570013
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.570013
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.570013
NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.510011
NucleophosminHomo sapiens (human)IC5040.000011
Pancreatic alpha-amylaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC5026.500011
Pancreatic alpha-amylaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki43.400011
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)IC501.300011
Polymerase acidic proteinInfluenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1))IC5012.444612
Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)IC501.720022
Polyphenol oxidase 1Agaricus bisporusIC5020.135022
Polyphenol oxidase 1Agaricus bisporusKi12.200011
Polyphenol oxidase 2Agaricus bisporusIC50216.8177110125
Polyphenol oxidase 2Agaricus bisporusKi82.327899
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1Gallus gallus (chicken)Ki14,000.000011
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase receptor RetHomo sapiens (human)IC5040.000011
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)IC500.466733
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinaseHomo sapiens (human)IC503.340011
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2Homo sapiens (human)IC503.540011
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3Homo sapiens (human)IC5040.000011
ReninHomo sapiens (human)IC500.980011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-rafHomo sapiens (human)IC501.760011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1Homo sapiens (human)IC503.340011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK4Homo sapiens (human)IC502.970011
Solute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)IC500.270011
Solute carrier family 23 member 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50156.000011
Squalene monooxygenase Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC502.000011
TatHuman immunodeficiency virus 1IC501.669011
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)IC50176.800022
Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)IC50176.800022
Thioredoxin reductase 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50176.800022
Translin-associated protein XHomo sapiens (human)IC503.500011
TyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)IC501,266.40572023
TyrosinaseMus musculus (house mouse)IC50485.294045
TyrosinasePriestia megateriumIC5052.000011
TyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)Ki350.000011
TyrosinaseMus musculus (house mouse)Ki5,500.000011
Tyrosinase Danio rerio (zebrafish)IC5012,550.000022
Tyrosine-protein kinase FgrRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC503.500011
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC507.500011
Uncharacterized protein YOR062CSaccharomyces cerevisiae S288CIC5019.000011
unnamed protein productAspergillus oryzae RIB40IC5052.719522
UreaseCanavalia ensiformis (jack bean)IC508.590011
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2Homo sapiens (human)IC500.790011
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3Homo sapiens (human)IC501.540011
VifHuman immunodeficiency virus 1IC500.450011

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)EC500.000511
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)EC501.600011
G-protein coupled receptor 35Homo sapiens (human)EC501.535022
Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.371011
TyrosinasePriestia megateriumKd377.000011

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
AcetylcholinesteraseElectrophorus electricus (electric eel)EC24250.000011
CholinesteraseEquus caballus (horse)EC16250.000011
Egl nine homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Km180.000011
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha inhibitorHomo sapiens (human)Km260.000011
LactoperoxidaseBos taurus (cattle)Km0.300011
Polyphenol oxidase 2Agaricus bisporusKm920.000011
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)Km300.000011
Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN2Homo sapiens (human)Km170.000011
Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN3Homo sapiens (human)Km140.000011
TyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)Km79.000044