Page last updated: 2024-10-15

lactoferrin

Description

Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID126456119
MeSH IDM0012165

Synonyms (4)

Synonym
lactoferrin
J-008279
lactoferrin (bovine)
151186-19-5

Research Excerpts

Overview

Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional glycoprotein with potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities that acts by neutralizing circulating endotoxins and activating cellular responses. The protein may be an interesting candidate for the antidiabetic properties of milk due to its well-documented bioactivity and implication in diabetes.

ExcerptReference
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional glycoprotein with potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities that acts by neutralizing circulating endotoxins and activating cellular responses."( Disulfiram-loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles for treating inflammatory diseases.
Fang, YF; Huang, YZ; Ou, AT; Tang, XP; Wang, R; Zhang, JX; Zhang, M; Zhao, PF; Zhao, YG, 2021
)
"Lactoferrins are an iron-binding glycoprotein that have important protective roles in the mammalian body through their numerous functions, which include antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. "( Diverse Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Activities of Lactoferrins, Lactoferricins, and Other Lactoferrin-Derived Peptides.
Gruden, Š; Poklar Ulrih, N, 2021
)
"Lactoferrin also serves as an autophagy regulator, especially in osteoblasts."( Lactoferrin promotes the autophagy activity during osteoblast formation via BCL2-Beclin1 signaling.
Ke, D; Lin, Y; Wang, X; Wei, S, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a natural glycoprotein with immunomodulatory and anticancer activities."( A Novel Human Recombinant Lactoferrin Inhibits Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Growth and Migration with No Cytotoxic Effect on Normal Human Epithelial Cells.
Kruzel, ML; Olszewska, P; Pazdrak, B, 2021
)
"Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein found at high concentrations within exocrine secretions, including tears. "( Lactoferrin Ameliorates Dry Eye Disease Potentially through Enhancement of Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production by Gut Microbiota in Mice.
Connell, S; Fukuda, S; Imada, T; Kawashima, M; Nakamura, S; Tsubota, K; Yamamoto, H, 2021
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a milk protein that may be an interesting candidate for the antidiabetic properties of milk due to its well-documented bioactivity and implication in diabetes. "( Camel and bovine milk lactoferrins activate insulin receptor and its related AKT and ERK1/2 pathways.
Akli Ayoub, M; Anwar, I; Ashraf, A; Iratni, R; Khan, FB; Kizhakkayil, J; Maqsood, S; Palakkott, A; Redwan, EM, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a milk-derived protein with well-recognized potential as a therapeutic agent against a wide variety of cancers. "( Plasmalemmal V-ATPase as a Potential Biomarker for Lactoferrin-Based Anticancer Therapy.
Côrte-Real, M; Rodrigues, LR; Santos-Pereira, C, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. "( Antimicrobial effect and mechanism of bovine lactoferrin against the potato common scab pathogen Streptomyces scabiei.
Ikenaga, M; Miyata, T; Nakamura, M; Tsuda, N, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin is a natural iron-binding protein previously demonstrated to modulate inflammation and granuloma cohesiveness, while maintaining control of pathogenic burden."( Recombinant Human Lactoferrin Reduces Inflammation and Increases Fluoroquinolone Penetration to Primary Granulomas During Mycobacterial Infection of C57Bl/6 Mice.
Actor, JK; Kruzel, ML; Nguyen, TKT; Niaz, Z, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin is a crucial local immunity protein in the oral cavity with important antimicrobial activity."( Effect of fluocinolone acetonide (0.1%) treatment in oral lichen planus patients on salivary lactoferrin levels and Candida colonization: a prospective study.
Matangkasombut, O; Prapinjumrune, C; Saengprasittichok, N; Sucharitakul, J, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein with potentially beneficial biological functions. "( Lactoferrin improves hepatic insulin resistance and pancreatic dysfunction in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
Chen, J; Du, Y; Hidayat, K; Li, D; Li, YH; Qin, LQ; Wan, Z; Xu, JY; Zhang, Z, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a glycoprotein present in human and bovine milk with antimicrobial and immune-modulating properties. "( Effect of Lactoferrin Supplementation on Inflammation, Immune Function, and Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Berthon, BS; Williams, EJ; Williams, LM; Wood, LG, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin is a protein, primarily found in milk that has attracted the interest of the food industries due to its health properties. "( Molecular modeling of lactoferrin for food and nutraceutical applications: insights from
Darmawan, KK; Hughes, JG; Hung, A; Karagiannis, TC; Small, DM, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a member of the transferrin family, which is known for its immunomodulatory properties. "( Recombinant Human Lactoferrin Augments Epirubicin Chemotherapy in Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma Bearing Mice.
Al-Ashmawy, GM; El-Ashmawy, NE; El-Kady, AY; Khedr, EG, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin is a promising effective treatment with fewer side effects than oral elemental iron in children with IBD and IDA."( Lactoferrin for iron-deficiency anemia in children with inflammatory bowel disease: a clinical trial.
Donia, A; El Amrousy, D; El-Afify, D; Elsawy, A; Elsheikh, M; Nassar, M, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein released from mucous secreting cells and neutrophils. "( Lactoferrin and its nano-formulations in rare eye diseases.
Aftab, I; Jain, N; Sharma, M; Sharma, P; Sharma, S; Singh, J; Singh, TP; Vikram, N, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin is a multifunctional protein that has roles in iron metabolism, cell generation and differentiation, and antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic activity. "( Lactoferrin improves the immune response and resistance of silver carp, a hematological, light (histochemical and immunohistochemical), fluorescent, and scanning electron microscopic study.
Abdel-Hafeez, HH; Emeish, WFA; Soliman, SA, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding protein found at relatively high concentrations in human milk. "( Lactoferrin Supplementation during Gestation and Lactation Is Efficient for Boosting Rat Pup Development.
Blachier, F; Blais, A; Boluktas, A; Chaumontet, C; Davila, AM; Grauso-Culetto, M; Lan, A, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a major protein present in colostrum and the main protein in human milk, which plays an important role in the benefits of breastfeeding during postnatal development."( Neuroprotective Role of Lactoferrin during Early Brain Development and Injury through Lifespan.
Sanches, EF; Schirmbeck, GH; Sizonenko, S, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin is a multipurpose glycoprotein with key immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral functions, which can be found in various secreted fluids, but is most abundantly characterized in milk from all mammalian species."( The Influence of Viral Infections on Iron Homeostasis and the Potential for Lactoferrin as a Therapeutic in the Age of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.
Ammons, MCB; Torres-Gonzalez, M; Ward, JL, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin is a candidate adjuvant; it is a multifunctional iron-binding protein with antimicrobial properties."( Optimal dose of lactoferrin reduces the resilience of in vitro Staphylococcus aureus colonies.
Cornish, J; Hussan, JR; Irwin, SG; Mathews, B; Swift, S; Williams, DL, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a naturally present iron-binding globulin with the structural properties of an N-lobe strongly positively charged terminus and a cage-like structure of nano self-assembly encapsulation. "( Research Advances of Lactoferrin in Electrostatic Spinning, Nano Self-Assembly, and Immune and Gut Microbiota Regulation.
Dong, L; Li, Y; Liu, L; Mu, Z; Pan, D; Wu, Z; Yang, J, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein belonging to the transferrin family."( The role of lactoferrin in atherosclerosis.
Chen, C; Lu, M; Qin, L; Zhang, Z, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin (LTF) is a natural iron-binding protein with a potential for clinical utility in many human immune disorders, including cancer. "( A cytotoxic effect of human lactoferrin fusion with Fc domain of IgG.
Artym, J; Kochanowska, I; Kocięba, M; Kruzel, ML; Zaczyńska, E; Zimecki, M, 2023
)
"lactoferrin (Lf) is a glycoprotein with various biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, anti-cancer, etc."( The effect of lactoferrin on ULK1 and ATG13 genes expression in breast cancer cell line MCF7 and bioinformatics studies of protein interaction between lactoferrin and the autophagy initiation complex.
Karabi, Z; Kheirabadi, M; Moradian, F, 2022
)
"Milk lactoferrin is a multi-functional, iron-binding glycoprotein with immunomodulatory effects, protecting infants against infectious diseases."( Human milk lactoferrin variation in relation to maternal inflammation and iron deficiency in northern Kenya.
Fujita, M; Odo, AN; Paredes Ruvalcaba, N; Wander, K, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein capable of iron chelation found in a variety of human tissues and is produced in high concentrations in human breast milk."( Ameliorating adverse perinatal outcomes with Lactoferrin: An intriguing chemotherapeutic intervention.
Gaddy, JA; Lu, J; Moore, RE; Spicer, SK; Talbert, JA; Townsend, SD, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin is an 80 KDa iron-binding glycoprotein that plays a significant role in the innate immune system and is considered to be an important microbicide molecule. "( Evaluation of faecal lactoferrin as a morbidity biomarker in Schistosoma mansoni infection.
Abdo, S; Elhadad, H; Mohamed, MA; Mohamed, MM, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin is an innate glycoprotein with broad antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. "( Lactoferrin modulates the biofilm formation and
Chin, BY; Chung, PY; Clarke, SC; Khanum, R, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding protein constituted for a single polypeptide chain that is folded into two symmetrical lobes that bind Fe"( Bovine holo-lactoferrin inhibits migration and invasion in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
Cortes-Reynosa, P; de la Garza, M; Rodriguez-Ochoa, N; Rodriguez-Rojas, K; Salazar, EP, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a natural iron-binding globular glycoprotein, present mainly in milk. "( A comprehensive review on lactoferrin: a natural multifunctional glycoprotein.
Nisha, P; Shini, VS; Udayarajan, CT, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin (LTF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein found in milk and other exocrine secretion with antibacterial activity proposed as an alternative to mastitis treatment or prevention. "( Lactoferrin gene polymorphisms associated with clinical mastitis in Honduran Holstein inheritance cows.
Castillo, R; De la Rosa-Reyna, XF; Lara-Rivera, AL; Moncada-Laínez, M; Moreno-Medina, VR; Parra-Bracamonte, GM; Sifuentes-Rincón, AM; Valladares-Medina, PA, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein with multiple physiological functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antitumoral activities."( Lactoferrin Ameliorates Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma in Mice through Reducing Dendritic-Cell-Derived Th2 Cell Responses.
Chang, KH; Chang, YK; Chao, YH; Chen, CM; Chen, SW; Chen, W; Chuang, KC; Lin, CC; Yang, SH; Yen, CC, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a bioactive multifunctional glycoprotein that belongs to the transferrin family. "( Rapid and sensitive determination of lactoferrin in milk powder by boronate affinity amplified dynamic light scattering immunosensor.
Chen, J; Fu, J; Hu, J; Huang, X; Xiong, S; Xiong, Y; Zhu, K; Zou, H, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin is a substance belonging to the non-heme iron-binding glycoprotein which is present in breast milk and other exocrine fluids."( Lactoferrin attenuated urban particulate matter-induced nephrotoxicity by regulating the CSF2/CENPE axis.
Chiu, HW; Chiu, YJ; Chou, CL; Lee, YH; Liu, WC, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin is a natural protein with various physiological activities, which has the function of regulating immunity, anti-microbial, regulating iron absorption, promoting the proliferation of intestinal cells, and multiple pathophysiological processes. "( [Consensus of Chinese experts on clinical application of lactoferrin].
, 2022
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a protein with many bioactivities, including antiviral properties."( Activity of bovine lactoferrin in resistance to white spot syndrome virus infection in shrimp.
Chang, YS; Liu, WJ; Tseng, KC; Yu, MH, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein that contributes to maintaining intestinal homeostasis and improving host health."( Lactoferrin Attenuates Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Inflammation by Modulating the MAPK Pathway and Gut Microbes in Mice.
Ahmed, AA; Bao, W; Cai, D; Gu, F; Gu, H; Hu, P; Liu, HY; Liu, Y; Zhao, Y; Zong, Q, 2022
)
"As lactoferrin is a nutritional supplement with proven antiviral and immunomodulatory abilities, it may be used to improve the clinical course of COVID-19. "( Effect of Lactoferrin on Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: The LAC Randomized Clinical Trial.
Avanzi, GC; Azzolina, D; Battaglia, A; Becco, P; Bellan, M; Bertinieri, G; Bertoletti, M; Casciaro, GF; Castello, LM; Colageo, U; Colangelo, D; Comolli, D; Costanzo, M; Croce, A; D'Onghia, D; De Mitri, L; Della Corte, F; Dodaro, V; Givone, F; Gravina, A; Grillenzoni, L; Gusmaroli, G; Landi, R; Lingua, A; Manzoni, P; Manzoni, R; Marinoni, V; Masturzo, B; Matino, E; Minisini, R; Morello, M; Nelva, A; Ortone, E; Paolella, R; Patti, G; Pedrinelli, A; Pirisi, M; Ravizzi, L; Rizzi, E; Rizzi, M; Sainaghi, PP; Sola, D; Sola, M; Tavella, E; Tonello, N; Tonello, S; Topazzo, G; Tua, A; Valenti, P; Vaschetto, R; Vassia, V; Zecca, E; Zublena, N, 2023
)
"lactoferrin (Lf) is a glycoprotein with various biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, anti-cancer, etc. "( Evaluation of the effect of nano-encapsulated lactoferrin on the expression of Bak and Bax genes in gastric cancer cell line AGS and study of the molecular docking of lactoferrin with these proteins.
Mohammadzadeh, S; Moradian, F, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a protein that has been reported to inhibit myopia progression when taken orally."( Myopia Is Suppressed by Digested Lactoferrin or Holo-Lactoferrin Administration.
Chen, J; Ikeda, SI; Kurihara, T; Liang, Y; Negishi, K; Tsubota, K; Zhang, Y, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin is a well-known protein that possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities, and it has previously shown antiviral activity against several viruses, including SARS-CoV-2."( Liposomal Lactoferrin Exerts Antiviral Activity against HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 Pseudoviruses In Vitro.
Andreu, S; Bello-Morales, R; López-Guerrero, JA; Ripa, I, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin is a whey protein found in milk and is an important innate mammalian defence mechanism."( Lactoferrin for the postoperative management of term neonates after gastrointestinal surgery.
Maheshwari, R; Saxena, N; Tarnow-Mordi, WO; Trivedi, A, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a major natural antimicrobial agent secreted in body fluids as a natural innate immunity protein. "( The Antimicrobial Bifunctional Camel Lactoferrin: In Silico and Molecular Dynamic Perspective.
Alhumam, MN; Alhumam, N; Kandeel, M, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a protein found in several bodily fluids, such as milk. "( Lactoferrin: Antimicrobial impacts, genomic guardian, therapeutic uses and clinical significance for humans and animals.
Abd El-Hack, ME; Abdelnour, SA; Alghamdi, S; Alyahyawi, AY; Bagadood, RM; Jaremko, M; Kamal, M; Khafaga, AF; Khojah, H; Naffadi, HM; Shakoori, AM; Świątkiewicz, S, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a protein molecule with a wide variety of physiological properties. "( Novel Perspectives on Nanotechnological and Biomedical Implications of Monotherapy or Combination Regimen of Lactoferrin.
Beeraka, NM; Cao, Y; Chen, K; Li, J; Lu, P; Nikolenko, VN; Reshetov, IV; Sinelnikov, MY; Zakharova, DK; Zhang, J; Zhang, X, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein. "( Role of the protein kinase A signaling pathway and identification of mediators in the cardioprotective effects of enteral lactoferrin for ischemia-reperfusion injury in an isolated rat heart model.
Kawakami, A; Matsukawa, T; Matsuoka, T; Nakadate, Y; Oguchi, T; Omiya, K; Sato, H; Schricker, T, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein found in mammalian milk, and lactoferricin is a peptide derived from LF hydrolysate. "( Featured Prebiotic Agent: The Roles and Mechanisms of Direct and Indirect Prebiotic Activities of Lactoferrin and Its Application in Disease Control.
Chen, PW; Liu, ZS, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin is a multifunctional protein that has various biological activities and applications. "( Use of 4-D proteomics to differentiate between bovine and camel lactoferrin.
Habib, HM; Hassan, HM; Hassan, SM; Souka, UD, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein found in body fluids."( The effect of bovine milk lactoferrin-loaded exosomes (exoLF) on human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line.
Hosseini, ES; Mohammadian, M; Ramezani, R; Zare, M, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin is a versatile protein with important modulatory functions in inflammation and immune response. "( The immunomodulatory effects of lactoferrin and its derived peptides on NF-κB signaling pathway: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Javadmanesh, A; Sekhavati, MH; Tahmoorespur, M; Tazarghi, A; Yami, HA, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional protein that is synthesized endogenously and has various biological roles including immunological regulation, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer properties. "( The role of lactoferrin in bone remodeling: evaluation of its potential in targeted delivery and treatment of metabolic bone diseases and orthopedic conditions.
Han, YB; Li, JL; Shi, CS; Tian, D; Tian, M; Yang, GY, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a non-heme iron-binding glycoprotein involved in the transport of iron in blood plasma. "( Therapeutic potential of lactoferrin-coated iron oxide nanospheres for targeted hyperthermia in gastric cancer.
Attri, K; Choudhury, D; Chudasama, B; Mahajan, RL, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin is an active protein in breast milk that plays an important role in the growth and development of infants and is implicated as a neuroprotective agent. "( Lactoferrin deficiency during lactation increases the risk of depressive-like behavior in adult mice.
An, Q; Cheng, Z; Dai, Y; Huang, K; Meng, Q; Wang, W; Wang, X; Zhang, Y, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein present in milk."( Lactoferrin ameliorates carfilzomib-induced renal and pulmonary deficits: Insights to the inflammasome NLRP3/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/MAPK axes.
Ali, AE; Anber, NH; George, MY; Habib, CN, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a potent antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial agent found in cow and human colostrum which acts as an osteogenic growth factor. "( Lactoferrin-Anchored Tannylated Mesoporous Silica Nanomaterials-Induced Bone Fusion in a Rat Model of Lumbar Spinal Fusion.
Byeon, HE; Kim, KN; Kim, SE; Noh, SH; Sung, K, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a non-heme iron-binding glycoprotein belonging to the transferrin family, entering the cell membrane via a lactoferrin receptor-mediated pathway."( Lactoferrin protects against iron dysregulation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease in mice.
Liu, H; Qu, Y; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Wu, H; Xu, Z; Zhu, N, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin (LTF) is an iron-binding protein canonically known for its innate and adaptive immune functions. "( Lactoferrin CpG Island Hypermethylation and Decoupling of mRNA and Protein Expression in the Early Stages of Prostate Carcinogenesis.
Baena-Del Valle, JA; De Marzo, AM; Haffner, MC; Isaacs, WB; Kulac, I; Maynard, JP; Porter, CM; Sfanos, KS; Yegnasubramanian, S, 2019
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding milk glycoprotein that promotes the growth of selected probiotic strains. "( The Impact of Lactoferrin on the Growth of Intestinal Inhabitant Bacteria.
Campos-Rodríguez, R; Carrero, JC; de la Garza, M; Drago-Serrano, ME; Godínez-Victoria, M; Vega-Bautista, A, 2019
)
"Lactoferrin is a non-heme iron-binding glycoprotein with multiple health-beneficial functions including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and immunomodulatory effects. "( Effects of recombinant human lactoferrin on calcium signaling and functional responses of human neutrophils.
Cherenkevich, SN; Gorudko, IV; Grigorieva, DV; Maliushkova, EV; Semak, IV; Shamova, EV; Sokolov, AV; Terekhova, MS; Timoshenko, AV, 2019
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a soluble glycoprotein of the transferring family found in most biological fluids, functioning as a major first line defense molecule against infection in mammals. "( M860, a Monoclonal Antibody against Human Lactoferrin, Enhances Tumoricidal Activity of Low Dosage Lactoferrin via Granzyme B Induction.
Dong, HL; Gao, XM; Gong, FY; Gong, Z; Li, J; Li, Y; Ma, SY; Ma, ZH; Pan, XH; Wang, HM, 2019
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that can regulate lipid metabolism, lower cholesterol, reduce body weight, and prevent atherosclerosis. "( Lactoferrin promotes bile acid metabolism and reduces hepatic cholesterol deposition by inhibiting the farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-mediated enterohepatic axis.
Li, YH; Ling, CJ; Qin, LQ; Tong, X; Xu, JY; Yang, HH; Yang, J; Yuan, LX, 2019
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein protein known to have immune-modulatory role and recently, its anticancerous effect against different cancer cell types was emphasized. "( Evaluation of Milk Colostrum Derived Lactoferrin of Sahiwal (
Jain, P; Mohanty, AK; Mukesh, M; Shandilya, UK; Sharma, A; Sodhi, M, 2019
)
"Lactoferrin is an antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory iron-carrying, bifidogenic glycoprotein found in all vertebrates and in mammalian milk, leukocytes and exocrine secretions."( Lactoferrin infant feeding trial_Canada (LIFT_Canada): protocol for a randomized trial of adding lactoferrin to feeds of very-low-birth-weight preterm infants.
Asztalos, EV; Barrington, K; Lodha, A; Martin, A; Tarnow-Mordi, W, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a protective protein present in milk with anti-infective and immune-modulating properties."( Is Mother's Own Milk Lactoferrin Intake Associated with Reduced Neonatal Sepsis, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, and Death?
Bellomo, S; Carcamo, C; Cossey, V; Jacobs, J; Mendoza, K; Ochoa, TJ; Zegarra, J, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional milk protein with antimicrobial activity against a range of pathogens. "( Lactoferrin Is Broadly Active against Yeasts and Highly Synergistic with Amphotericin B.
Carter, DA; Fernandes, KE; Weeks, K, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin is a whey glycoprotein present in especially high concentrations in colostrum and early milk."( Clinical Trials of Lactoferrin in the Newborn: Effects on Infection and the Gut Microbiome.
Berrington, JE; Embleton, ND, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a conserved iron-binding glycoprotein with antimicrobial activity, which is present in secretions that recover mucosal sites regarded as portals of invaded pathogens. "( Distribution of Lactoferrin Is Related with Dynamics of Neutrophils in Bacterial Infected Mice Intestine.
Du, HH; Kong, JX; Liang, L; Tang, XY; Wang, ZJ; Ye, G; Zhang, YY, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein found in the milk of most mammals, with broad spectrum antimicrobial activities, including against the related murine norovirus in cell culture."( Antiviral effects of bovine lactoferrin on human norovirus.
Abe, F; Kolawole, AO; Mirabelli, C; Oda, H; Tanaka, M; Wakabayashi, H; Wobus, CE; Yamauchi, K, 2021
)
"Lactoferrin is a multipotent protein that belongs to the transferrin family. "( [An association of selected polymorphisms of the lactoferrin gene and genes for lactoferrin receptors in the prevalence of metabolic disorders in obese subjects].
Jamka, M; Kaczmarek, N; Walkowiak, J, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin is a nutrient classically found in mammalian milk. "( The Biology of Lactoferrin, an Iron-Binding Protein That Can Help Defend Against Viruses and Bacteria.
Heyden, EL; Kell, DB; Pretorius, E, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin is a multifunctional protein found in the secretions of mammals. "( Lactoferrin, a versatile natural antimicrobial glycoprotein that modulates the host's innate immunity.
Cox, E; Devriendt, B; Dierick, M; Vanrompay, D, 2021
)
"Lactoferrin is a natural glycoprotein polypeptide that is part of the transferrin family."( A prospective on multiple biological activities of lactoferrin contributing to piglet welfare.
Hao, Y; Ma, X; Mao, R; Teng, D; Wang, J; Wang, X; Yang, N, 2021
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. "( Lactoferrin-Derived Peptide Lactofungin Is Potently Synergistic with Amphotericin B.
Carter, DA; Fernandes, KE; Payne, RJ, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a naturally glycoprotein with iron-binding properties and diverse biological applications including; antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer and immune stimulating effects. "( Lactoferrin, a unique molecule with diverse therapeutical and nanotechnological applications.
Agwa, MM; Sabra, S, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a naturally occurring, non-toxic glycoprotein that is orally available as a nutritional supplement and has established in vitro antiviral efficacy against a wide range of viruses, including SARS-CoV, a closely related coronavirus to SARS-CoV-2."( Lactoferrin as potential preventative and adjunct treatment for COVID-19.
Chang, R; Ng, TB; Sun, WZ, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein that can modulate the innate inflammatory response."( Lactoferrin is a dynamic protein in human melioidosis and is a TLR4-dependent driver of TNF-α release in Burkholderia thailandensis infection in vitro.
Chantratita, N; Ducken, D; Hantrakun, V; Limmathurotsakul, D; Lovelace-Macon, L; Tandhavanant, S; Teparrukkul, P; West, TE; Wright, SW, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron - binding glycoprotein with anti-inflammatory and anabolic properties found in many internal fluids. "( Impact of lactoferrin on bone regenerative processes and its possible implementation in oral surgery - a systematic review of novel studies with metanalysis and metaregression.
Grzywacz, A; Jaroń, A; Jedliński, M; Mazur, M; Preuss, O; Trybek, G, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin is a naturally occurring iron-binding glycoprotein, produced and secreted by mucosal epithelial cells and neutrophils in various mammalian species, including humans. "( Therapeutic Effects of Lactoferrin in Ocular Diseases: From Dry Eye Disease to Infections.
Bernabei, F; Giannaccare, G; Pellegrini, M; Scorcia, V; Senni, C; Traverso, CE; Vagge, A, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 80 kDa, which produced in many mammalian excretions. "( Nanoformulation of lactoferrin potentiates its activity and enhances novel biotechnological applications.
El-Fakharany, EM, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a monomer glycoprotein in the mammalian colostrum that has multiple biological activities and a high affinity for iron ions. "( Influence of lactoferrin on Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo.
Cui, W; Su, Y; Wei, H, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein belonging to the transferrin (TF) family which can bind to TF receptors (TFRs) and LF membrane internalization receptors (LFRs) highly expressed on the cell surface of both highly proliferating cancer cells and blood brain barrier (BBB), which in turn can facilitate its accessibility to the cell nucleus."( Lactoferrin coated or conjugated nanomaterials as an active targeting approach in nanomedicine.
Agwa, MM; Sabra, S, 2021
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding protein present in saliva, tears, and mother's milk."( Oral Bovine Milk Lactoferrin Administration Suppressed Myopia Development through Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 in a Mouse Model.
Ikeda, SI; Jiang, X; Kurihara, T; Toda, M; Torii, H; Tsubota, K, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a cationic nonheme multifunctional glycoprotein of the innate immune system of mammals that provides numerous benefits."( Lactoferrin and Its Derived Peptides: An Alternative for Combating Virulence Mechanisms Developed by Pathogens.
Avalos-Gómez, C; de la Garza, M; Hernández-Ramírez, JO; Ramírez-Mondragón, R; Ramírez-Texcalco, LS; Serrano-Luna, J; Torres-López, E; Zarzosa-Moreno, D, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron binding glycoprotein with multiple roles in the body. "( Lactoferrin: A Glycoprotein Involved in Immunomodulation, Anticancer, and Antimicrobial Processes.
Arévalo-Gallegos, S; Espinoza-Sánchez, EA; Iglesias-Figueroa, BF; Nakamura-Bencomo, SI; Rascón-Cruz, Q; Siqueiros-Cendón, TS, 2021
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a bioactive milk-derived protein with remarkable wide-spectrum antifungal activity. "( Lactoferrin perturbs lipid rafts and requires integrity of Pma1p-lipid rafts association to exert its antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Andrés, MT; Chaves, SR; Côrte-Real, M; Fierro, JF; Gerós, H; Manon, S; Rodrigues, LR; Santos-Pereira, C, 2021
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a naturally occurring non-toxic glycoprotein with broad-spectrum antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects."( Protective Effects of Lactoferrin against SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Vitro.
Bertolini, A; Blandizzi, C; Brun, P; Castagliuolo, I; Elli, M; Guglielmetti, S; Pregliasco, F; Salaris, C; Scarpa, M, 2021
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a protein present in milk that has recently been found to exhibit osteogenic activity."( Osteogenic effects of the peptide fraction derived from pepsin-hydrolyzed bovine lactoferrin.
Guo, H; Wang, P; Wen, P; Zhang, W; Zhang, Y; Zhao, Y, 2021
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a natural iron-binding protein involved in coordinating specific and non-specific immune responses in humans. "( Clinical aspects of the use of lactoferrin in dentistry.
Bogucki, Z; Krupińska, AM, 2021
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein mainly found in exocrine secretions and the secondary granules of neutrophils. "( Lactoferrin-like Immunoreactivity in Distinct Neuronal Populations in the Mouse Central Nervous System.
Asanuma, M; Hamaoka, H; Inoue, J; Kondo, Y; Shimaoka, S; Tooyama, I, 2021
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding, antimicrobial glycoprotein with a plethora of functions, including acting as an important immune modulator and by having a bacteriocidic effect."( Lactoferrin in cerebrospinal fluid and saliva is not a diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer's disease in a mixed memory clinic population.
Gleerup, HS; Hasselbalch, SG; Høgh, P; Jensen, CS; Simonsen, AH, 2021
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional glycoprotein which, when thermally processed, undergoes significant physicochemical changes. "( The impact of thermal processing on the simulated infant gastrointestinal digestion, bactericidal and anti-inflammatory activity of bovine lactoferrin - An in vitro study.
Bovetto, L; Goulding, DA; O'Brien, NM; O'Mahony, JA; O'Regan, J; Vidal, K, 2021
)
"Lactoferrin is a secreted globular glycoprotein that influences direct and indirect innate immune response against a range of pathogens following a breach in tissue homeostasis."( Lactoferrin Retargets Human Adenoviruses to TLR4 to Induce an Abortive NLRP3-Associated Pyroptotic Response in Human Phagocytes.
Bajramovic, JJ; Chéneau, C; Eichholz, K; Henriquet, C; Kremer, EJ; Paris, O; Pugniere, M; Tran, TH; Tran, TTP, 2021
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a bioactive glycoprotein in human milk and has positive effects on neonates. "( Lactoferrin, a Critical Player in Neonate Intestinal Development: RHLF may be a Good Choice in Formula.
An, Q; Cheng, Z; Dai, Y; Huang, K; Meng, Q; Wang, W; Wang, X; Zhang, Y, 2021
)
"Lactoferrin is a bioactive protein naturally found in colostrum that has been shown to prevent septicemia in high-risk infants."( Lactoferrin reduces mortality in preweaned calves with diarrhea.
Clavijo, XA; Habing, G; Harris, K; Lakritz, J; Piñeiro, JM; Schuenemann, GM, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding milk-derived protein that has shown antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. "( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the efficacy and safety of lactoferrin with vitamin E and zinc as an oral therapy for mild to moderate acne vulgaris.
Chan, G; Chan, H; Co, JK; Dee, K; Santos, J, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin is a multifunctional glycoprotein found in the milk of most mammals. "( Studying Lactoferrin N-Glycosylation.
Barile, D; German, JB; Karav, S; Le Parc, A; Rouquié, C, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin [LF] is an endogenous anti-inflammatory pleiotropic protein secreted at high concentrations in colostrum and at mucosal sites."( VEN-120, a Recombinant Human Lactoferrin, Promotes a Regulatory T Cell [Treg] Phenotype and Drives Resolution of Inflammation in Distinct Murine Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Alfano, RW; Collins, CB; de Zoeten, EF; Jedlicka, P; MacManus, CF; Nguyen, TT, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin is reported to be a potential food protein with osteogenic activity. "( Isolation and Characterization of Lactoferrin Peptides with Stimulatory Effect on Osteoblast Proliferation.
Du, M; Fan, F; Liu, M; Shi, P; Tu, M; Wang, Y; Wu, D, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a well-known multifunctional protein. "( Inhibitory Effect of Bovine Lactoferrin on Catechol-O-Methyltransferase.
Iijima, H; Ikeda, M; Iwamoto, H; Shinoda, I; Takeda, Y, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional, iron-binding glycoprotein in mammalian secretions, such as breast milk, and has several beneficial effects for human health. "( Lactoferrin promotes autophagy via AMP-activated protein kinase activation through low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1.
Aizawa, S; Hoki, M; Yamamuro, Y, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein occurring in many biological secretions including milk. "( Lactoferrin: Structure, function, denaturation and digestion.
Adhikari, B; Blanch, E; Timilsena, YP; Wang, B, 2019
)
"Lactoferrin is a member of the innate immune system acting in the first line of defence against pathogens, and it is known for its antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity, including HIV-1. "( Association Between LTF Polymorphism and Risk of HIV-1 Transmission Among Zambian Seropositive Mothers.
Crovella, S; Kamada, AJ; Kuhn, L; Polesello, V; Segat, L; Zupin, L, 2018
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an important multifunctional protein that comprises a large fraction of the protein mass in certain human fluids and tissues, and its concentration is often used to assess health and disease. "( Development of a sandwich ELISA with potential for selective quantification of human lactoferrin protein nitrated through disease or environmental exposure.
Alhalwani, AY; Huffman, JA; Knowles, MK; Repine, JE, 2018
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein with high functional versatility that is found in most body fluids. "( Multifunctional capacity and therapeutic potential of lactoferrin.
de Luna-Bertos, E; Illescas-Montes, R; Melguizo-Rodríguez, L; Moreno-Expósito, L; Ramos-Torrecillas, J; Ruiz, C, 2018
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional glycoprotein, which promotes the proliferation of murine C2C12 myoblasts. "( Lactoferrin promotes murine C2C12 myoblast proliferation and differentiation and myotube hypertrophy.
Harada, N; Inui, H; Kitakaze, T; Kobayashi, Y; Oshimo, M; Ryu, M; Suzuki, YA; Yamaji, R, 2018
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein that exerts important activities in the neonate through its presence in milk, and also in other external mucosas, acting as a defense protein of innate immunity. "( Effect of technological treatments on bovine lactoferrin: An overview.
Calvo, M; Conesa, C; Franco, I; Pérez, MD; Sánchez, L, 2018
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a conserved cationic non-heme glycoprotein that is part of the innate immune defense system of mammals. "( Lactoferrin and Peptide-derivatives: Antimicrobial Agents with Potential Use in Nonspecific Immunity Modulation.
Campos-Rodriguez, R; Carrero, JC; de la Garza, M; Drago-Serrano, ME, 2018
)
"LTF (lactoferrin) is an iron-binding protein, uniquely abundant in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs)."( Beneficial Role of Neutrophils Through Function of Lactoferrin After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
Aronowski, J; Bautista Garrido, J; Jung, JE; Kruzel, M; Mobley, AS; Obertas, L; Roy-O'Reilly, M; Sun, G; Ting, SM; Zhao, X; Zheng, X, 2018
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding cationic glycoprotein (pI = 8.7) beneficial for mammal health, especially udder and milk preservation. "( A simple micro-batch ion-exchange resin extraction method coupled with reverse-phase HPLC (MBRE-HPLC) to quantify lactoferrin in raw and heat-treated bovine milk.
Arnould, C; Beuvier, E; Debournoux, P; Flament, J; Pochet, S; Rolet-Répécaud, O, 2018
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein in mammalian milk. "( Bovine lactoferrin promotes energy expenditure via the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway in human reprogrammed brown adipocytes.
Ejima, A; Kishida, T; Mazda, O; Morishita, S; Murakoshi, M; Nakamura, K; Nishino, H; Ono, T; Sugiyama, K; Tateyama, R, 2018
)
"Lactoferrin is an abundant glycoprotein in bovine milk that has immunomodulatory effects on human cells. "( Bovine Lactoferrin Modulates Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Function.
Brugman, S; Perdijk, O; Savelkoul, HFJ; van den Brink, E; van Neerven, RJJ, 2018
)
"Lactoferrin is an important antimicrobial glycoprotein in saliva; however, the role of the LTF gene in caries susceptibility is unclear."( Lack of association between LTF gene polymorphisms and different caries status in primary dentition.
Qin, M; Wang, M, 2018
)
"Lactoferrin is a highly glycosylated antimicrobial protein that contains multiple glycan types. "( Selective deglycosylation of lactoferrin to understand glycans' contribution to antimicrobial activity of lactoferrin.
Karav, S, 2018
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an 80 KDa iron-binding glycoprotein that plays a significant role in the innate immune system and is considered to be an important microbicide molecule. "( Lactoferrin and lactoferricin endocytosis halt Giardia cell growth and prevent infective cyst production.
Frontera, LS; Lanfredi-Rangel, A; Moyano, S; Quassollo, G; Rópolo, AS; Touz, MC, 2018
)
"Holo-lactoferrin (holo-Lf) is a natural protein, which acts as a potential ligand of transferrin receptor (TfR)."( Holo-Lactoferrin Modified Liposome for Relieving Tumor Hypoxia and Enhancing Radiochemotherapy of Cancer.
Ling, C; Maiti, D; Min, Q; Qin, L; Xu, J; Yang, J; Yang, K; Zhang, Z, 2019
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a naturally occurring iron-binding glycoprotein with a variety of biological functions. "( Expression and characterization of recombinant human lactoferrin in edible alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
Chen, D; Chen, X; Liu, J; Pang, X; Tong, Y; Xue, W; Yang, YF, 2019
)
"Lactoferrin is a protein with multifunctional bioactivities. "( Identification and availability of peptides from lactoferrin in the gastrointestinal tract of mice.
Chen, H; Du, M; Fan, F; Lu, W; Shi, P; Tu, M; Wang, Z, 2019
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein present in various secretions (e.g., milk, tears, saliva, pancreatic juice), which performs multiple functions, with one of them being the antimicrobial defense. "( Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Activities of Camel Lactoferrins Against Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi.
Albiheyri, RS; Alhaider, AA; Almehdar, HA; Almuhaideb, SA; El-Baky, NA; Redwan, EM; Uversky, VN, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an Fe"( DNase and RNase activities of fresh cow milk lactoferrin.
Buneva, VN; Ivanisenko, NV; Nevinsky, GA; Sedykh, SE; Soboleva, SE; Zakharova, OD, 2019
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein that plays an important role in promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption; however, its effects on senile osteoporosis remain unknown. "( Lactoferrin ameliorates aging-suppressed osteogenesis via IGF1 signaling.
Chen, XW; Chen, Z; Hou, JM; Ke, DS; Li, YH; Xue, Y; Zhang, MJ, 2019
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a Fe"( Cow Milk Lactoferrin Possesses Several Catalytic Activities.
Alinovskaya, LI; Buneva, VN; Nevinsky, GA; Sedykh, SE; Soboleva, SE, 2019
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein that serves as a potential vehicle for small bioactive molecules in food. "( Surface plasmon resonance study of interaction between lactoferrin and naringin.
Coelho, YL; da Silva, LHM; de Paula, HMC; Nunes, NM; Pires, ACS, 2019
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein and a member of the transferrin family. "( Lactoferrin and necrotizing enterocolitis.
Sherman, MP, 2013
)
"Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein with anti-infective and anti-inflammatory properties found in secretions and immune cells. "( A phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of talactoferrin in patients with severe sepsis.
Bandi, V; Dean, N; Dellinger, RP; Guntupalli, K; Ismail, PM; Levy, M; Lodato, RF; Malik, R; Margolis, B; Morris, PE; Reese, A; Rivers, E; Schaumberg, JP, 2013
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional glycoprotein found in mammalian milk. "( Potent lipolytic activity of lactoferrin in mature adipocytes.
Fujisaki, C; Ikoma, K; Ishihara, Y; Kato, H; Miyashita, K; Morishita, S; Murakoshi, M; Nishino, H; Ono, T; Sugiyama, K; Yoshida, T, 2013
)
"Lactoferrin is a multifaceted molecule of the innate immune system found primarily in milk."( Mini-review: Lactoferrin: a bioinspired, anti-biofilm therapeutic.
Ammons, MC; Copié, V, 2013
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein contained in milk and other exocrine fluids, and is believed to have multiple biological functions. "( Intracellular retention and subsequent release of bovine milk lactoferrin taken up by human enterocyte-like cell lines, Caco-2, C2BBe1 and HT-29.
Abe, F; Akiyama, Y; Matsuda, T; Nadano, D; Oshima, K; Shin, K; Wakabayashi, H, 2013
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein present in human milk with known antimicrobial effects. "( Lack of effect of bovine lactoferrin in respiratory syncytial virus replication and clinical disease severity in the mouse model.
Gomez, AM; Gualdi, L; Mejias, A; Mertz, S; Ramilo, O; Wittke, A, 2013
)
"Lactoferrin is a large protein that cannot enter the casein protein mesh; therefore, it binds to the micelle surface."( Protein composition of different sized casein micelles in milk after the binding of lactoferrin or lysozyme.
Anema, SG; de Kruif, CG, 2013
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional protein that modulates inflammation, cell growth and differentiation and has broad antimicrobial activity."( Lactoferrin and the newborn: current perspectives.
Arunachalam, A; Lingappan, K; Pammi, M, 2013
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a ubiquitous cationic iron-binding milk glycoprotein that contributes to nutrition and exerts a broad-spectrum primary defense against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses in mammals. "( Lactoferrin-derived resistance against plant pathogens in transgenic plants.
Lakshman, DK; Mandal, S; Mitra, A; Natarajan, S, 2013
)
"Talactoferrin alfa is an oral dendritic cell (DC)-mediated immunotherapy (DCMI). "( Talactoferrin alfa versus placebo in patients with refractory advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (FORTIS-M trial).
Barlesi, F; Chang, A; Crawford, J; Douillard, JY; Giaccone, G; Malik, R; Manegold, C; Owonikoko, T; Perez-Soler, R; Pultar, P; Ramalingam, S; Thatcher, N; Wang, Y; Zhu, J, 2013
)
"Lactoferrin also seems to be a sensitive and specific marker for the detection of chronic inflammation and for predicting relapse."( The use of fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin in patients with IBD. Review.
Stragier, E; Van Assche, G, 2013
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a pleiotropic glycoprotein that is found in bodily secretions and is postulated to enhance the gastrointestinal barrier and promote mucosal immunity. "( Oral pretreatment with recombinant human lactoferrin limits trauma-hemorrhagic shock-induced gut injury and the biological activity of mesenteric lymph.
Chandler, B; Deitch, EA; Feketova, E; Qin, Y; Quackenbush, EJ; Son, JY, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin is a bioactive globular protein with unique properties towards musculo-skeletal cells and anabolic to bone in vivo. "( Recombinant human lactoferrin as a biomaterial for bone tissue engineering: mechanism of antiapoptotic and osteogenic activity.
Amini, AA; Nair, LS, 2014
)
"Talactoferrin alfa (TLF) is a unique recombinant form of human lactoferrin. "( Immune correlates of talactoferrin alfa in biopsied tumor of relapsed/refractory metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Bhattacharya, N; Blenman, KR; Engleman, E; Hwang, G; Lee, PP; Malik, R; Neal, JW; Pultar, P; Riess, JW; San-Pedro Salcedo, M; Wakelee, HA, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin is a protein that is present in cheese whey (a waste product from the dairy industry) and has several biological activities. "( Direct capture of lactoferrin from cheese whey on supermacroporous column of polyacrylamide cryogel with copper ions.
Carvalho, BM; Carvalho, GG; Carvalho, LM; da Silva, SL; Minim, LA; Silva, WF; Soares, AM, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional immune protein found at high concentrations in human milk. "( Dietary bovine lactoferrin alters mucosal and systemic immune cell responses in neonatal piglets.
Comstock, SS; Contractor, N; Donovan, SM; Reznikov, EA, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin is an 80 kDa bilobal, iron binding glycoprotein which is primarily antimicrobial in nature. "( Preparation and antimicrobial action of three tryptic digested functional molecules of bovine lactoferrin.
Alam, H; Gautam, L; Kaur, P; Manzoor, N; Nagpal, N; Pandey, S; Rastogi, N; Sharma, S; Shin, K; Singh, TP; Sinha, M; Virdi, JS, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a bioactive glycoprotein that became recently interesting in the field of bone regeneration for its modulatory effect on bone cells. "( Effect of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals functionalized with lactoferrin in osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
Adamiano, A; Iafisco, M; Montesi, M; Panseri, S; Tampieri, A, 2015
)
"Lactoferrin is a milk-derived glycoprotein with anabolic effects on the bone tissue. "( Collagen-lactoferrin fibrillar coatings enhance osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.
Bacakova, L; Douglas, TE; Dubruel, P; Heinemann, S; Scharnweber, D; Vandrovcova, M, 2015
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein of the transferrin family, which is expressed in most biological fluids with particularly high levels in mammalian milk. "( Immunomodulatory effects of lactoferrin.
Arévalo-Gallegos, S; García-Montoya, IA; Iglesias-Figueroa, BF; Rascón-Cruz, Q; Salazar-Martínez, J; Siqueiros-Cendón, T, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein present in high concentration in human milk. "( Transcriptomic profiling of intestinal epithelial cells in response to human, bovine and commercial bovine lactoferrins.
Jiang, R; Lönnerdal, B, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin is an 80-kDa iron-binding glycoprotein with various biological activities, including iron-chelating ability."( Lactoferrin from bovine colostrum regulates prolyl hydroxylase 2 activity and prevents prion protein-mediated neuronal cell damage via cellular prion protein.
Moon, JH; Park, SY; Park, YG, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an innate immune system glycoprotein of mammals that is microbiostatic and microbicidal and affects several bacterial virulence factors."( Effect of bovine apo-lactoferrin on the growth and virulence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.
Aguilar-Romero, F; de la Garza, M; Godínez-Vargas, D; Luna-Castro, S; Samaniego-Barrón, L, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an important antimicrobial and immune regulatory protein present in neutrophils and most exocrine secretions of mammals. "( Bovine and human lactoferricin peptides: chimeras and new cyclic analogs.
Arias, M; Bolscher, JG; Haney, EF; McDonald, LJ; Nazmi, K; Vogel, HJ, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a natural component of human milk with antimicrobial, immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory properties. "( Correlation between lactoferrin and beneficial microbiota in breast milk and infant's feces.
Baldassarre, ME; Campagna, G; Capobianco, D; Dileone, A; Drimaco, P; Laforgia, N; Mastromarino, P, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein present in high concentration in human milk. "( Comparison of bioactivities of talactoferrin and lactoferrins from human and bovine milk.
Du, X; Jiang, R; Lönnerdal, B, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin is a bioactive milk protein that stimulates cell proliferation in vitro; however, limited in vivo evidence exists to allow lactoferrin to be incorporated into infant formula. "( Dietary bovine lactoferrin increases intestinal cell proliferation in neonatal piglets.
Comstock, SS; Contractor, N; Donovan, SM; Reznikov, EA; Yi, C, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein that is produced by mucosal epithelial cells in mammals. "( Lactoferrin mRNA expression in mouse mammary glands during pregnancy and lactation.
Jiao, XL; Li, HP; Liu, FT; Wang, XJ; Wang, YY; Yang, GY; Zhu, HS, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin is a multifunctional glycoprotein showing antibacterial activities against several Streptococcus species."( Prophylactic effect of human lactoferrin against Streptococcus mutans bacteremia in lactoferrin knockout mice.
Fine, DH; Velliyagounder, K; Velusamy, SK, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a sialic acid (Sia)-rich, iron-binding milk glycoprotein that has multifunctional health benefits. "( Lactoferrin Promotes Early Neurodevelopment and Cognition in Postnatal Piglets by Upregulating the BDNF Signaling Pathway and Polysialylation.
Chen, Y; Hüppi, PS; Liu, N; Shi, Y; Tian, D; Troy, FA; Wang, B; Zhao, F; Zheng, Z; Zhu, X, 2015
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein secreted by mammary gland, thus present in milk and in colostrum, which are a cheap and easy to obtain sources of this protein. "( [The importance of lactoferrin in bone regeneration].
Brodzikowska, A; Galus, R; Wojtowicz, A; Włodarski, KH; Włodarski, PK, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an 80-kDa globular glycoprotein with high affinity for metal ions, particularly for iron. "( Potential lactoferrin activity against pathogenic viruses.
Al-Mehdar, H; El-Fakharany, EM; Redwan, EM; Uversky, VN, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a component of breast milk and multiple actions that includes antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-fungal and anti-cancer and various other actions."( Lactoferrin and neonatology - role in neonatal sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis: present, past and future.
Sharma, D; Shastri, S, 2016
)
"Lactoferrin is a protein with important biological functions that can be obtained from milk and by-products derived from the dairy industry, such as whey. "( Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for thermal denaturation of ovine milk lactoferrin determined by its loss of immunoreactivity.
Calvo, M; Harouna, S; Navarro, F; Pérez, MD; Sánchez, L, 2015
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory milk glycoprotein."( Randomized controlled trial of lactoferrin for prevention of sepsis in peruvian neonates less than 2500 g.
Bellomo, S; Cam, L; Campos, M; Cárcamo, C; Cruz, K; Llanos, R; Ochoa, TJ; Pezo, A; Zea-Vera, A; Zegarra, J, 2015
)
"Talactoferrin alfa is a recombinant form of the human glycoprotein, lactoferrin, which has been shown to have a wide range of effects on the immune system. "( Talactoferrin in Severe Sepsis: Results From the Phase II/III Oral tAlactoferrin in Severe sepsIS Trial.
Dellinger, RP; Guntupalli, K; Levy, MM; Malik, R; Marshall, JC; Simonson, SG; Singer, M; Vincent, JL, 2015
)
"Lactoferrin is an effective antimicrobial and antiviral agent in high-risk patient populations and a potentially potent adjuvant to chemotherapy in lung cancer."( Clinical applications of bioactive milk components.
Hill, DR; Newburg, DS, 2015
)
"Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein, playing several biological roles. "( Nano-encapsulation of isolated lactoferrin from camel milk by calcium alginate and evaluation of its release.
Jafari, SM; Raei, M; Rajabzadeh, G; Sani, AM; Zibaei, S, 2015
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an interesting glycoprotein in the field of bone biology for its regulatory effect on cells involved in bone remodeling, that results compromised in several pathological conditions, as osteoporosis. "( Coupling Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals with Lactoferrin as a Promising Strategy to Fine Regulate Bone Homeostasis.
Adamiano, A; Iafisco, M; Montesi, M; Panseri, S; Tampieri, A, 2015
)
"Lactoferrin is a natural multifunctional protein known to have antitumor, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activity. "( Effect of lactoferrin protein on red blood cells and macrophages: mechanism of parasite-host interaction.
Anand, N; Dubey, ML; Kanwar, JR; Kanwar, RK; Sehgal, R; Vahishta, RK; Verma, AK, 2015
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a potential-targeting ligand for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells because of its specific binding with asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR). "( Lactoferrin-modified PEGylated liposomes loaded with doxorubicin for targeting delivery to hepatocellular carcinoma.
Chen, B; Guo, X; Li, Q; Tang, C; Tu, L; Wei, M; Wu, C; Xu, Y; Zou, Q, 2015
)
"Lactoferrin is a multifunctional glycoprotein with a range of antimicrobial and immune-related properties that is found at >10-fold higher concentration in human milk (~1.7 g/L) relative to bovine milk (~0.15 g/L). "( Suspension of milking in dairy cows produces a transient increase in milk lactoferrin concentration and yield after resumption of milking.
Davis, SR; South, CR, 2015
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 80 kDa that belongs to the transferrin family. "( Research progress in physicochemical characteristics of lactoferrin and its recombinant expression systems.
Chen, DF; Chen, XW; Hong, X; Liu, J; Pang, XN; Wei, X, 2015
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein known to provide innate defense due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. "( Lactoferrin Expression in Human and Murine Ocular Tissue.
Ferrington, DA; Montezuma, SR; Nelson, EF; Rageh, AA; Roehrich, H; Terluk, MR; Yuan, C, 2016
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein with antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities. "( The effect of recombinant human lactoferrin from the milk of transgenic cows on Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection in mice.
Du, C; Hu, Y; Piao, J; Wu, J; Yang, L; Yang, X, 2016
)
"Lactoferrin is a safe and effective adjuvant for inducing antibody against influenza in neonates."( Lactoferrin acts as an adjuvant during influenza vaccination of neonatal mice.
Hahm, B; Miller, MM; Pritzl, CJ; Sherman, MP; Xia, C; Zaghouani, H, 2015
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a natural milk protein, which has shown antimicrobial properties in its nanoformulation using alginate chitosan calcium phosphate bovine lactoferrin nanocapsules (AEC-CCo-CP-bLf-NCs)."( Oral administration of encapsulated bovine lactoferrin protein nanocapsules against intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii.
Anand, N; Dubey, ML; Kanwar, JR; Kanwar, RK; Sehgal, R; Vasishta, RK, 2015
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional glycoprotein present in milk. "( Role of LRP1 and ERK and cAMP Signaling Pathways in Lactoferrin-Induced Lipolysis in Mature Rat Adipocytes.
Hirano, H; Ikoma-Seki, K; Morishita, S; Murakoshi, M; Nakamura, K; Nishino, H; Ono, T; Sugiyama, K, 2015
)
"Lactoferrin is a crucial nutritionally important pleiotropic molecule and iron an essential trace metal for all life. "( Secreted multifunctional Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase sequesters lactoferrin and iron into cells via a non-canonical pathway.
Chaudhary, S; Chauhan, AS; Jakhar, P; Kumar, M; Malhotra, H; Patidar, A; Raje, CI; Raje, M; Rawat, P; Sheokand, N, 2015
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein found in cow's milk that plays an important role in preventing mastitis caused by intramammary infection. "( Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the bovine lactoferrin gene influence milk somatic cell score and milk production traits in Chinese Holstein cows.
Karrow, N; Mao, Y; Wang, X; Xing, S; Yang, L; Yang, Z; Zhang, H; Zhang, M; Zhu, X, 2015
)
"Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein widely present in mammalian secretions and possesses documented protective effects, including antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. "( A systematic review of lactoferrin use in dermatology.
Hassoun, LA; Sivamani, RK, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a nonheme iron-binding glycoprotein strongly expressed in human and bovine milk and it plays many functions during infancy such as iron homeostasis and defense against microorganisms. "( Lactoferrin, a Pleiotropic Protein in Health and Disease.
Levy, E; Mayeur, S; Pouliot, Y; Spahis, S, 2016
)
"Lactoferrin is an antibacterial protein in saliva and an important defense factor against biofilm development."( Adsorption Analysis of Lactoferrin to Titanium, Stainless Steel, Zirconia, and Polymethyl Methacrylate Using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance Method.
Hayakawa, T; Yoshida, E, 2016
)
"Lactoferrin is an innate immune protein that is associated with many functions including immunomodulatory, antiproliferative, and antimicrobial properties."( Lactoferrin affects the adherence and invasion of Streptococcus dysgalactiae ssp. dysgalactiae in mammary epithelial cells.
Beecher, C; Chaurin, V; Giblin, L; O'Halloran, F; Sweeney, T, 2016
)
"Lactoferrin is a multifunctional mammalian immunity protein that limits microbial growth through sequestration of nutrient iron. "( Antimicrobial Functions of Lactoferrin Promote Genetic Conflicts in Ancient Primates and Modern Humans.
Barber, MF; Elde, NC; Kronenberg, Z; Yandell, M, 2016
)
"Lactoferrin is a 77 kDa, iron-binding glycoprotein that is present at high concentration in human milk compared with bovine milk and infant formula."( The Role of Lactoferrin in Gastrointestinal and Immune Development and Function: A Preclinical Perspective.
Donovan, SM, 2016
)
"Lactoferrin is a sialic acid-rich, iron-binding milk glycoprotein, known to have multifunctional health benefits, including its ability to modulate immune function and facilitate iron absorption, as well as its antibacterial and antiinflammatory actions. "( Molecular Determinants of Milk Lactoferrin as a Bioactive Compound in Early Neurodevelopment and Cognition.
Wang, B, 2016
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein, which is present in most biological fluids with particularly high levels in colostrum and in mammalian milk. "( [Lactoferrin - a glycoprotein of great therapeutic potentials].
Kamińska, E; Lauterbach, JP; Lauterbach, R; Michalski, P,
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a natural pro-apoptotic iron-binding glycoprotein with strong anticancer activity whose mechanism of action is not fully understood."( Lactoferrin selectively triggers apoptosis in highly metastatic breast cancer cells through inhibition of plasmalemmal V-H+-ATPase.
Castro, L; Côrte-Real, M; Gerós, H; Gonçalves, M; Guedes, JP; Loureiro, L; Pereira, CS; Rodrigues, LR, 2016
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an 80 kDa glycoprotein which is known for its effects against bacteria, viruses and other pathogens. "( Bovine lactoferrin free of lipopolysaccharide can induce a proinflammatory response of macrophages.
Chlebova, K; Faldyna, M; Gebauer, J; Matiasovic, J; Prodelalova, J; Zemankova, N, 2016
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an important immune protein in neutrophils and secretory fluids of mammals. "( Effects of lactoferrin derived peptides on simulants of biological warfare agents.
Bikker, FJ; Bolscher, JG; Ligtenberg, AJ; Nazmi, K; Sijbrandij, T; Veerman, EC, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin is a multifunctional glycoprotein with therapeutic potential for bone tissue engineering. "( Local application of lactoferrin promotes bone regeneration in a rat critical-sized calvarial defect model as demonstrated by micro-CT and histological analysis.
Amirapu, S; Callon, KE; Cornish, J; Dray, M; Gao, R; Munro, JT; Musson, DS; Naot, D; Tuari, D; Watson, M, 2018
)
"Lactoferrin is a protein member of the transferrin family of iron-binding proteins, present inside polymorphonuclear granular structure, and has been reported to affect growth and development of infectious agents, including fungal organisms."( [Presence of lactoferrin (LF) in lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis. Yeast-bound antimicrobial peptide].
Arenas-Guzmán, R; Castrillón-Rivera, LE; Palma-Ramos, A; Rangel-Gamboa, L; Vega-Mémije, ME,
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an important protein found on mucosal surfaces, within neutrophils and various cells, and in biological fluids. "( Plasma Lactoferrin Levels Positively Correlate with Insulin Resistance despite an Inverse Association with Total Adiposity in Lean and Severely Obese Patients.
Beaulieu, JF; Hould, FS; Lamarche, B; Levy, E; Mayeur, S; Pouliot, Y; Richard, D; Tchernof, A; Veilleux, A, 2016
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a breast milk glycoprotein with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. "( Factors affecting lactoferrin concentration in human milk: how much do we know?
Ochoa, TJ; Rueda, MS; Turin, CG; Villavicencio, A, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a breast milk glycoprotein with protective effects against neonatal infections, mainly in premature and low-birth-weight (LBW) neonates. "( Lactoferrin concentration in breast milk of mothers of low-birth-weight newborns.
Bellomo, S; Cam, L; Carcamo, CP; Castaneda, A; Mercado, E; Ochoa, TJ; Rueda, MS; Turin, CG; Zea-Vera, A; Zegarra, J, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding basic glycoprotein that has an antimicrobial effect against certain microbes. "( Effects of lactoferrin on the viability and the encystment of Acanthamoeba trophozoites.
Araki-Sasaki, K; Imayasu, M; Nomachi, M; Suzuki, C; Tomita, S; Wada, H, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional cationic protein (pI 8.2-8.9) in mammalian milk. "( Lactoferrin interacts with bile acids and increases fecal cholesterol excretion in rats.
Ikeda, I; Kato, H; Morishita, S; Murakoshi, M; Nakamura, K; Nishino, H; Ono, T; Sugiyama, K, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a mammalian host defense glycoprotein with diverse biological activities. "( Anticancer activities of bovine and human lactoferricin-derived peptides.
Arias, M; Bolscher, JG; Hancock, RE; Haney, EF; Hilchie, AL; Hyndman, ME; Vogel, HJ, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a protein with antimicrobial activity, which is conferred in part by 2 regions contained in its N-terminal lobe. "( Antibacterial and cell penetrating effects of LFcin17-30, LFampin265-284, and LF chimera on enteroaggregative Escherichia coli.
Acosta-Smith, E; Bolscher, JG; Canizalez-Roman, A; Leon-Sicairos, N; Mondragón-Flores, R; Nazmi, K; Reyes-Cortes, R, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin is a multifunctional, iron-binding glycoprotein found in milk and other exocrine secretions. "( Advances in lactoferrin research concerning bovine mastitis.
Kawai, K; Shimazaki, KI, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding multifunctional protein, mainly present in external secretions. "( Lactoferrin and the lactoferrin-sophorolipids-assembly can be internalized by dermal fibroblasts and regulate gene expression.
Du, X; Jiang, R; Lönnerdal, B; Suzuki, YA, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein that is present at high concentrations in milk. "( Bovine lactoferrin and lactoferricin exert antitumor activities on human colorectal cancer cells (HT-29) by activating various signaling pathways.
Jiang, R; Lönnerdal, B, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a glycoprotein of the primary innate immune-defense system of mammals present in milk and other mucosal secretions. "( Lactoferrin: Balancing Ups and Downs of Inflammation Due to Microbial Infections.
Campos-Rodríguez, R; Carrero, JC; de la Garza, M; Drago-Serrano, ME, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein. "( Induction of lactoferrin gene expression by innate immune stimuli in mouse mammary epithelial HC-11 cells.
Imani, F; Li, Y; Limmon, GV; Teng, C, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an 80 kDa iron-binding protein of the transferrin family that is abundantly expressed in most biological fluids. "( Immunomodulatory effects of lactoferrin on antigen presenting cells.
Gessani, S; Puddu, P; Valenti, P, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin is a truly multifunctional protein that has been studied extensively over the past decades."( Antimicrobial properties of lactoferrin.
Hancock, RE; Jenssen, H, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a member of the transferrin family of iron-binding glycoproteins. "( Fungistatic activity of iron-free bovin lactoferrin against several fungal plant pathogens and antagonists.
Capparelli, R; Iannaccone, M; Lahoz, E; Palumbo, D; Pisacane, A, 2008
)
"Lactoferrin is a natural anti-microbial protein which affects Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) activity. "( Bovine lactoferrin inhibits Japanese encephalitis virus by binding to heparan sulfate and receptor for low density lipoprotein.
Chen, WJ; Chien, YJ; Chiou, SS; Hsu, WL, 2008
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a cationic iron-binding glycoprotein belonging to the transferrin (TF) family, which accumulates in the amyloid deposits in the brain in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Pick's disease."( Lactoferrin induces cell surface retention of prion protein and inhibits prion accumulation.
Endo, R; Imamura, M; Iwamaru, Y; Kitani, H; Mohri, S; Murayama, Y; Okada, H; Shimizu, Y; Tagawa, Y; Takenouchi, T; Ushiki-Kaku, Y; Yokoyama, T, 2008
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein that possesses multifunctional biological activities. "( Development of poly(ethylene glycol) conjugated lactoferrin for oral administration.
Fujimoto, T; Iguchi, K; Iwata, A; Nojima, Y; Sato, A; Shiga, T; Shimizu, H; Suzuki, Y; Takeuchi, T; Yoshida, K, 2008
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an 80 kDa iron-binding glycoprotein of the transferrin family that is expressed in most biological fluids and is a major component of the mammalian innate immune system. "( Lactoferrin: structure, function and applications.
Arévalo-Gallegos, S; González-Chávez, SA; Rascón-Cruz, Q, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding protein present in several secreted substances, such as milk, and has broad antimicrobial and physiological properties. "( Conformational changes in bovine lactoferrin induced by slow or fast temperature increases.
Carnelocce, L; Gonçalves, RB; Oliveira, AC; Schwarcz, WD; Silva, JL, 2008
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein that is released from activated neutrophils at sites of inflammation and has anti-microbial as well as anti-inflammatory properties. "( Lactoferrin is a survival factor for neutrophils in rheumatoid synovial fluid.
Chahal, H; Francis, N; Lord, JM; Raza, K; Salmon, M; Scheel-Toellner, D; Wong, SH, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein that is composed of the transferrin family and is predominantly found in the products of the exocrine glands located in the gateways of the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive systems, suggesting a role in the non-specific defence against invading pathogens. "( Lactoferrin and cancer disease prevention.
Månsson, HL; Paulsson, M; Rodrigues, L; Schmitt, F; Teixeira, J, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein that plays an important role in combating a wide range of pathogens and contributes innate protective defenses of mammals."( Molecular cloning and characterization of Taiwan macaque lactoferrin.
Chang, JH; Chang, MC; Chao, MC; Chen, CC; Chuang, YC, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin appears to be a useful marker for the presence of inflammatory diarrhoea."( Laboratory diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection. An evaluation of tests for faecal toxin, glutamate dehydrogenase, lactoferrin and toxigenic culture in the diagnostic laboratory.
Kinson, R; Shetty, NR; Sivapalan, M; Wren, MW, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin is a natural compound in the milk of mammals and was shown to influence the intestinal micro-flora and the immune system in mice, calves, dogs and man. "( Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of duodenal and colonic biopsies after oral bovine lactoferrin supplementation in beagle puppies.
Handl, S; Krammer-Lukas, S; Wehr, U; Zentek, J, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein of the transferrin family that is expressed and secreted by glandular cells and found in the secondary granules of neutrophils from which it is released in infected tissues and blood during the inflammatory process. "( [Lactoferrin: a multifunctional protein].
Legrand, D; Mazurier, J; Pierce, A, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding antimicrobial protein present in saliva and gingival crevicular fluids, and it is possibly associated with host defense against oral pathogens, including periodontopathic bacteria. "( Inhibitory effects of lactoferrin on growth and biofilm formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia.
Iwatsuki, K; Kobayashi, T; Wakabayashi, H; Yaeshima, T; Yamauchi, K; Yoshie, H, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin is a promising agent in the prevention of neonatal sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis but needs further evaluation to confirm its safety, tolerability and efficacy."( Can lactoferrin prevent neonatal sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis?
Abrams, S; Venkatesh, M, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin is an innate immune system protein with multiple beneficial health activities."( Decreased circulating lactoferrin in insulin resistance and altered glucose tolerance as a possible marker of neutrophil dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
Bassols, J; Fernández-Real, JM; Moreno-Navarrete, JM; Ortega, FJ; Ricart, W, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin is a pleiotropic glycoprotein of the innate immune system with known effects on immunomodulation and cell differentiation. "( Lactoferrin increases (172Thr)AMPK phosphorylation and insulin-induced (p473Ser)AKT while impairing adipocyte differentiation.
Fernandez-Real, JM; Moreno-Navarrete, JM; Ortega, FJ; Ricart, W, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multi-functional glycoprotein with both bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities."( Attenuation of massive cytokine response to the staphylococcal enterotoxin B superantigen by the innate immunomodulatory protein lactoferrin.
Brintnell, WC; Cairns, E; Haeryfar, SM; Hayworth, JL; Heinrichs, DE; Herfst, CA; Hoskin, DW; Kasper, KJ; Leon-Ponte, M; Madrenas, J; Mazzuca, DM; McCormick, JK; Yue, D, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin is an innate immune system protein with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. "( Fat overload induces changes in circulating lactoferrin that are associated with postprandial lipemia and oxidative stress in severely obese subjects.
Fernández-Real, JM; García-Fuentes, E; Garrido-Sánchez, L; Moreno-Navarrete, JM; Murri-Pierri, M; Ricart, W; Tinahones, F, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin is a non-heme iron-binding glycoprotein, produced by mucosal epithelial cells and granulocytes in most mammalian species. "( Lactoferrin decreases LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured cells and in animal endotoxemia model.
Actor, JK; Bacsi, A; Boldogh, I; Kruzel, ML; Radak, Z; Saavedra-Molina, A, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin is a major P-ANCA target in UC but requires DNA to present the epitopes relevant for the reaction with the autoantibodies."( DNA-bound lactoferrin is the major target for antineutrophil perinuclear cytoplasmic antibodies in ulcerative colitis.
Komorowski, L; Niemann, S; Probst, C; Schlumberger, W; Stöcker, W; Teegen, B, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein found in exocrine secretions including milk. "( Molecular cloning, promoter analysis and SNP identification of Italian Nicastrese and Saanen lactoferrin gene.
Cosenza, G; Crepaldi, P; Di Berardino, D; Gallo, D; Mancusi, A; Nicodemo, D; Pauciullo, A; Ramunno, L, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an 80-kDa basic glycoprotein, a member of the transferrin family of iron-binding proteins. "( Immunolocalization of lactoferrin in cartilage-forming neoplasms.
Barresi, V; Grosso, M; Ieni, A; Rosa, MA; Tuccari, G, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein belonging to the transferrin family."( Inhibitory effect of lactoferrin on hypertrophic differentiation of ATDC5 mouse chondroprogenitor cells.
Mizumachi, K; Takayama, Y, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin (Lac) is an iron-binding glycoprotein that belongs to the transferrin family."( Lactoferrin protects against concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice.
Agarwal, C; Agarwal, R; Cheng, L; Ju, C; Yin, H, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an essential element of innate immunity, which refers to antigen-nonspecific defense mechanisms that a host uses immediately or within hours after exposure to an antigen. "( A critical review of the roles of host lactoferrin in immunity.
Legrand, D; Mazurier, J, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a component of saliva and is suspected to be a defense factor against oral pathogens including Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. "( Periodontitis, periodontopathic bacteria and lactoferrin.
Iwatsuki, K; Kobayashi, T; Kondo, I; Toida, T; Wakabayashi, H; Yamauchi, K; Yoshie, H, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein that exhibits a range of health benefits including immune regulation and disease prevention derived from its structural properties. "( Evaluation of the cytoprotective effects of bovine lactoferrin against intestinal toxins using cellular model systems.
Ferguson, LR; Maddox, IS; Shu, Q; Tian, H, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a mammalian exclusive protein widely distributed in milk and exocrine secretions exhibiting multifunctional properties. "( Immunoregulatory role of lactoferrin-lipopolysaccharide interactions.
Gessani, S; Latorre, D; Puddu, P; Valenti, P, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin is a multi-functional metal-binding glycoprotein that exhibits many biological functions of interest to many researchers from the fields of clinical medicine, dentistry, pharmacology, veterinary medicine, nutrition and milk science. "( A preliminary approach to creating an overview of lactoferrin multi-functionality utilizing a text mining method.
Kushida, T; Shimazaki, K, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin is a pleiotropic factor with potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. "( Lactoferrin as an effector molecule in the skeleton.
Cornish, J; Naot, D, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin is an important nutriceutical with various physiological functions. "( Purification of lactoferrin using hydroxyapatite.
Ng, PK; Yoshitake, T, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional glycoprotein. "( Lactoferrin induces growth arrest and nuclear accumulation of Smad-2 in HeLa cells.
Huettinger, F; Huettinger, M; Klein, P; Wetzel, E; Zemann, N, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a non-haem iron-binding glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 80 kDa, synthesized by glandular epithelial cells and stored in the secondary granules of neutrophils. "( Evaluation of the protective effect of bovine lactoferrin against lipopolysaccharides in a bovine mammary epithelial cell line.
Baldi, A; Bandi, C; Pecorini, C; Rebucci, R; Saccone, F; Sassera, D, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a member of the transferrin family that is abundantly expressed and secreted by glandular epithelial cells. "( Positive selection drives lactoferrin evolution in mammals.
Jiang, XP; Liang, GM, 2010
)
"Lf (lactoferrin) is an 80-kDa iron-binding protein, which has been suggested to promote bone growth in murine models. "( Immunohistochemical evidence of lactoferrin in human embryo-fetal bone and cartilage tissues.
Antonio, I; Giovanni, T; Maddalena, G; Valeria, B, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin is an 80kDa glycoprotein with two similar halves designated as N- and C-lobes."( Structural and binding studies of C-terminal half (C-lobe) of lactoferrin protein with COX-2-specific non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Bhushan, A; Kaur, P; Mir, R; Sharma, S; Singh, N; Singh, TP; Sinha, M; Srinivasan, A; Vikram, G, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin in milk is a multifunctional protein. "( [High-level expression and antimicrobial activity of recombinant N-terminal porcine lactoferrin].
Ge, J; Ha, Z; Li, Y; Mao, Y; Qiao, X; Tang, L; Yu, X; Zhang, J; Zhao, L; Zong, X, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an abundantly expressed protein in human milk. "( miR-214 regulates lactoferrin expression and pro-apoptotic function in mammary epithelial cells.
Du, X; Liao, Y; Lönnerdal, B, 2010
)
"Talactoferrin alpha is an oral immunomodulatory agent currently in late-stage clinical trials that acts through dendritic cell recruitment and activation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue."( The role of talactoferrin alpha in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
Giaccone, G; Kelly, RJ, 2010
)
"Talactoferrin is a recombinant human lactoferrin that is a member of the transferrin family of iron-binding glycoproteins. "( The role of talactoferrin alpha in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
Giaccone, G; Kelly, RJ, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein with antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities. "( Lactoferrin increases both resistance to Salmonella typhimurium infection and the production of antibodies in mice.
Campos-Rodríguez, R; Drago-Serrano, ME; Reséndiz-Albor, AA; Rivera-Aguilar, V, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a molecule naturally present in bovine milk that affects the availability and transport systems of iron. "( Concentrations of bovine lactoferrin and citrate in milk during experimental endotoxin mastitis in early- versus late-lactating dairy cows.
Haarahiltunen, T; Heikkinen, J; Hyvönen, P; Isomäki, R; Lehtolainen, T; Pyörälä, S, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional glycoprotein in mammalian milk. "( Effects of pepsin and trypsin on the anti-adipogenic action of lactoferrin against pre-adipocytes derived from rat mesenteric fat.
Fujisaki, C; Iida, N; Iigo, M; Kato, H; Miyashita, K; Morishita, S; Murakoshi, M; Nishino, H; Ohdera, M; Ono, T; Sugiyama, K; Yoshida, T, 2011
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein belonging to the transferrin family. "( Recognition roles of the carbohydrate glycotopes of human and bovine lactoferrins in lectin-N-glycan interactions.
Chang, ET; Gong, YP; Wu, AM; Yang, Z; Yen, MH, 2011
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein found in milk, neutrophil granules, secretions and selected organs of mammals. "( The in vitro effect of bovine lactoferrin on the activity of organ leukocytes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and wels catfish (Silurus glanis).
Małaczewska, J; Siwicki, AK; Wójcik, M; Wójcik, R, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein widely distributed in mammalian organisms. "( [The role of lactoferrin in the iron metabolism. Part II. Antimicrobial and antiinflammatory effect of lactoferrin by chelation of iron].
Artym, J, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein that has been reported to inhibit several types of cancer."( The effect of bovine milk lactoferrin on human breast cancer cell lines.
Duarte, DC; Nicolau, A; Rodrigues, LR; Teixeira, JA, 2011
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein found in milk and various external secretions."( Lactoferrin: an iron-binding antimicrobial protein against Escherichia coli infection.
Chang, YH; Chen, CM; Chen, HL; Hsu, WH; Lin, HT; Shen, CJ; Yen, CC, 2011
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein of the transferrin family, today known to have multifunctional physiological activities. "( Lactoferrin in human tumours: immunohistochemical investigations during more than 25 years.
Barresi, G; Tuccari, G, 2011
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional protein and an essential element of innate immunity. "( Lactoferrin and cancer in different cancer models.
Gibbons, JA; Kanwar, JR; Kanwar, RK, 2011
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an 80kDa iron-binding glycoprotein of the transferrin family. "( Lactoferrin a multiple bioactive protein: an overview.
Arévalo-Gallegos, S; Cendón, TS; García-Montoya, IA; Rascón-Cruz, Q, 2012
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a tear-specific biomarker for Sjögren's syndrome (SS), a serious systemic autoimmune disease currently diagnosed through rudimentary volumetric and surface chemistry measurements and an invasive lip biopsy."( Human tear protein analysis enabled by an alkaline microfluidic homogeneous immunoassay.
Herr, AE; Karns, K, 2011
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an approximately 80-kDa iron-binding glycoprotein, belonging to the transferrin family, with well-known bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties. "( Influence of lactoferrin in preventing preterm delivery: a pilot study.
Cianci, A; Fagone, P; Giuffrida, L; Giunta, G; Mangano, K, 2012
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a major iron-binding and multi-functional protein in exocrine fluids such as breast milk and mucosal secretions. "( Apo- and holo-lactoferrin are both internalized by lactoferrin receptor via clathrin-mediated endocytosis but differentially affect ERK-signaling and cell proliferation in Caco-2 cells.
Jiang, R; Kelleher, SL; Lönnerdal, B; Lopez, V, 2011
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron binding glycoprotein possessing multiple immune modulatory activities, including ability to affect macrophage cytokine production, promote maturation of T- and B-lymphocyte and immature dendritic cells, and enhance the ability of macrophages and dendritic cells to stimulate antigen-specific T-cells. "( Comparing efficacy of BCG/lactoferrin primary vaccination versus booster regimen.
Actor, JK; Boyd, S; Hwang, SA; Kruzel, ML; Welsh, KJ, 2011
)
"Lactoferrin is a mammalian milk glycoprotein involved in innate immunity. "( Bovine lactoferrin prevents invasive fungal infections in very low birth weight infants: a randomized controlled trial.
Betta, PM; Bollani, L; Cattani, S; Decembrino, L; Farina, D; Gallo, E; Laforgia, N; Magaldi, R; Manzoni, P; Maule, M; Memo, L; Messner, H; Mosca, F; Mostert, M; Quercia, M; Rinaldi, M; Romeo, MG; Stolfi, I; Stronati, M; Vagnarelli, F, 2012
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein that is found predominantly in the milk of mammals."( Recombinant lactoferrin (Lf) of Vechur cow, the critical breed of Bos indicus and the Lf gene variants.
Anisha, S; Bhasker, S; Mohankumar, C, 2012
)
"Lactoferrin is an 80 kDa iron binding protein found in the secretory fluids of mammals and it plays a major role in host defence. "( Influence of specific amino acid side-chains on the antimicrobial activity and structure of bovine lactoferrampin.
Bolscher, JG; Haney, EF; Nazmi, K; Vogel, HJ, 2012
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a bi-lobed, iron-binding protein found on mucosal surfaces and at sites of inflammation. "( Crystal structure of the N-lobe of lactoferrin binding protein B from Moraxella bovis.
Arutyunova, E; Beddek, A; Brooks, CL; Lemieux, MJ; Mak, MW; Schryvers, AB, 2012
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a glycoprotein of the innate immune response that sequesters iron in the mucosae."( Effect of bovine lactoferrin in a therapeutic hamster model of hepatic amoebiasis.
de la Garza, M; Hernández-Ramírez, VI; León-Sicairos, N; Ordaz-Pichardo, C; Talamás-Rohana, P, 2012
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a beneficial multifunctional protein in milk. "( Transgenic milk containing recombinant human lactoferrin modulates the intestinal flora in piglets.
Hu, W; Li, N; Wang, J; Yu, T; Zhao, J, 2012
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that plays an important role in native immune defense against infections, including human herpetic viruses, such as cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. "( Inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus infection by lactoferrin.
Chen, P; Deng, M; Fan, S; Guo, X; He, W; Li, G; Li, X; Liu, X; Ma, J; Wang, Z; Xiong, W; Ye, Q; Zhang, W; Zheng, Y; Zhou, M; Zhou, Y, 2012
)
"Lactoferrin is an abundant iron-binding protein in milk. "( Lactoferrin, a bird's eye view.
Vogel, HJ, 2012
)
"Lactoferrin is a major component of biologically important mucosal fluids and of the specific granules of neutrophils. "( Lactoferrin: an alternative view of its role in human biological fluids.
Alexander, DB; Iigo, M; Suzui, M; Tsuda, H; Yamauchi, K, 2012
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an important modulator of the immune response and inflammation. "( Molecular mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of bovine lactoferrin on lipopolysaccharide-mediated osteoclastogenesis.
Ao, M; Inubushi, T; Ishikado, A; Kawazoe, A; Kudo, Y; Makino, T; Miyauchi, M; Takata, T, 2012
)
"Lactoferrin (LTF) is a milk glycoprotein favorably associated with the immune system of dairy cows. "( Mid-infrared prediction of lactoferrin content in bovine milk: potential indicator of mastitis.
Arnould, VM; Bastin, C; Berry, DP; Coffey, M; Colinet, FG; Dardenne, P; Dehareng, F; Detilleux, J; Gengler, N; McParland, S; Nguyen, HN; Reding, E; Schefers, J; Soyeurt, H; Théron, L; Vandenplas, J; Wall, E; Weigel, K, 2012
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding protein indicated to alter cell adhesion and immune function by receptor-mediated interactions or by participating in redox mechanisms."( Lactoferrin regulates an axis involving CD11b and CD49d integrins and the chemokines MIP-1α and MCP-1 in GM-CSF-treated human primary eosinophils.
Bertics, PJ; Curran, CS, 2012
)
"Se-lactoferrin is a lactoferrin that we prepared that binds selenium instead of iron."( Selenium compound protects corneal epithelium against oxidative stress.
Higuchi, A; Inoue, H; Kawakita, T; Ogishima, T; Tsubota, K, 2012
)
"Lactoferrin is an antimicrobial and immunomodulatory protein that is produced in high quantities in human milk and aids in the gastrointestinal (GI) maturation of infants. "( Consumption of transgenic cows' milk containing human lactoferrin results in beneficial changes in the gastrointestinal tract and systemic health of young pigs.
Cooper, CA; Maga, EA; Murray, JD; Nelson, KM, 2013
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a protein present in milk and other body fluids that plays important biological roles. "( Identification of lactoferrin peptides generated by digestion with human gastrointestinal enzymes.
Devold, TG; Flengsrud, R; Furlund, CB; Holm, H; Jacobsen, M; Sekse, C; Ulleberg, EK; Vegarud, GE, 2013
)
"Lactoferrin is a member of the transferrin family of iron-binding proteins with a number of properties, including antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. "( Expression and characterization of recombinant bovine lactoferrin in E. coli.
Arévalo-Gallegos, S; García-Montoya, I; González-Chávez, SA; Rascón-Cruz, Q; Salazar-Martínez, J; Sinagawa-García, S, 2013
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an 80 kDa protein, which has antioxidant abilities due to the scavenging of ROS."( Lactoferrin protects against prion protein-induced cell death in neuronal cells by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction.
Hur, TY; Jeong, JK; Jung, YH; Kang, SJ; Kim, SJ; Lee, JH; Lee, YJ; Park, SY; Park, YG; Seol, JW, 2013
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an 80 kDa, iron (Fe(3+))-binding immunoregulatory glycoprotein secreted into most exocrine fluids, found in high concentrations in colostrum and milk, and released from neutrophil secondary granules at sites of infection and inflammation. "( Structural characterization of the interaction of human lactoferrin with calmodulin.
Gifford, JL; Ishida, H; Vogel, HJ, 2012
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an 80 kD iron-binding glycoprotein that is most highly produced in human and bovine milk and is also widely distributed in mammals. "( [New function of lactoferrin: protection against cancer development and metastasis].
Chen, P; Guo, X; Li, G; Ma, J; Zheng, Y, 2012
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a marker of neutrophil granulocyte activation."( Lactoferrin activates BMP7 gene expression through the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK pathway in articular cartilage.
Kamiya, N; Kim, H; Li, Y; Tang, W; Zhang, C, 2013
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein found in the milk of most mammals for which various biological functions have been reported, such as antimicrobial activity and bifidogenic activity. "( Isolation of a bifidogenic peptide from the pepsin hydrolysate of bovine lactoferrin.
Abe, F; Iwatsuki, K; Oda, H; Sato, T; Wakabayashi, H; Xiao, JZ; Yamauchi, K, 2013
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multi-functional glycoprotein found in milk. "( Bovine lactoferrin reduces visceral fat and liver triglycerides in ICR mice.
Fujisaki, C; Hosokawa, M; Ishihara, Y; Kato, H; Miyashita, K; Morishita, S; Murakoshi, M; Nishino, H; Ono, T; Sugiyama, K, 2013
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a key modulator of inflammatory response. "( Lactoferrin reduces in vitro osteoclast differentiation and resorbing activity.
Clough, J; Daury, MC; Lorget, F; Offord, E; Oliveira, M; Sabokbar, A, 2002
)
"Lactoferrin is an 80kDa iron-binding glycoprotein. "( Expression, purification, and characterization of equine lactoferrin in Pichia pastoris.
Paramasivam, M; Saravanan, K; Sharma, S; Singh, TP; Srinivasan, A; Uma, K, 2002
)
"Lactoferrin (LF), which is an 80-kDa, iron-binding glycoprotein, has several biological activities including anti-viral activity, and it was recently reported to inhibit HCV infection in cultured human hepatocytes."( Dose-response trial of lactoferrin in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Kakizoe, T; Okada, S; Okusaka, T; Saito, S; Sato, K; Sato, T; Tanaka, K; Ueno, H; Yamamoto, S, 2002
)
"Lactoferrin is a member of the transferrin family of iron-binding glycoproteins present in milk, mucosal secretions, and the secondary granules of neutrophils. "( Iron status in mice carrying a targeted disruption of lactoferrin.
Conneely, OM; Cunningham, GA; Mendoza-Meneses, M; Ward, PP, 2003
)
"Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein present in most human mucosal secretions, including human milk. "( Human lactoferrin impairs virulence of Shigella flexneri.
Carlin, LG; Cleary, TG; Gomez, HF; Ochoa, TJ, 2003
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein present in the cytoplasmic granules of neutrophils and in external secretions of mammals. "( The adjuvant activity of lactoferrin in the generation of DTH to ovalbumin can be inhibited by bovine serum albumin bearing alpha-D-mannopyranosyl residues.
Actor, J; Kocieba, M; Kruzel, M; Zimecki, M, 2002
)
"Lactoferrin is a member of the lactotransferrin family of non-haem, iron-binding glycoproteins and is found at high concentrations in all human secretions, where it plays a major role in mucosal defence. "( Human milk lactoferrin is a serine protease that cleaves Haemophilus surface proteins at arginine-rich sites.
Baker, EN; Fink, DL; Hendrixson, DR; Petty, S; Plaut, AG; Qiu, J; Shewry, SC; St Geme, JW, 2003
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein present in various secretions (eg. "( Antimicrobial and immunoregulatory functions of lactoferrin and its potential therapeutic application.
Altamura, M; Amati, L; Amoroso, A; Caccavo, D; Jirillo, E; Pellegrino, NM; Rigon, A, 2002
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein that is found in milk, neutrophils, and other biological fluids. "( Novel function of bovine milk-derived lactoferrin on antinociception mediated by mu-opioid receptor in the rat spinal cord.
Ando, K; Harada, E; Hayashida, K; Shimizu, H; Takeuchi, T, 2003
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron binding protein involved in a large spectrum of biological actions including antimicrobial actions. "( Lactoferrin: mechanism of action, clinical significance and therapeutic relevance.
Altavilla, N; Aragona, G; Bertelè, A; Borghi, L; Cavestro, GM; Dal Bò, N; Di Mario, F; Franzè, A; Ingegnoli, AV; Iori, V; Mantovani, N; Pilotto, A, 2002
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein that is found in milk, neutrophils, and other biological fluids, and its receptors have also been identified in the central nervous system. "( Lactoferrin enhances opioid-mediated analgesia via nitric oxide in the rat spinal cord.
Ando, K; Harada, E; Hayashida, K; Shimizu, H; Takeuchi, T, 2003
)
"Lactoferrin is a milk protein that exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. "( Supplemental lactoferrin improves health and growth of Holstein calves during the preweaning phase.
Erickson, PS; McLaughlin, AM; Rejman, JJ; Robblee, ED; Rompala, RE; Schwab, CG; Whitehouse, NL, 2003
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional glycoprotein, which plays an important role in immune regulation and defense mechanisms against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. "( Lactoferrin and lactoferricin inhibit Herpes simplex 1 and 2 infection and exhibit synergy when combined with acyclovir.
Andersen, JH; Gutteberg, TJ; Jenssen, H, 2003
)
"Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein expressed by activated neutrophils. "( Fecal lactoferrin is a sensitive and specific marker in identifying intestinal inflammation.
Boone, J; Camilleri, M; Hanauer, SB; Kane, SV; Lyerly, D; Rufo, PA; Sandborn, WJ; Zholudev, A, 2003
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a non-heme, iron binding protein present in many physiological fluids of vertebrates where its main role is the microbicidal activity. "( On the molecular interaction between lactoferrin and the dye Red HE-3b. A novel approach for docking a charged and highly flexible molecule to protein surfaces.
Birger Anspach, F; Cascone, O; Delfino, JM; Grasselli, M, 2002
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein, which binds to the lipid A region of lipopolysaccharide with a high affinity and this interaction prevents the binding of lipopolysaccharide to CD14, thus inhibiting the release of proinflammatory cytokines."( Immune abnormalities and endotoxemia in patients with ulcerative colitis and in their first degree relatives: attempts at neutralizing endotoxin-mediated effects.
Amati, L; Caccavo, D; Caradonna, L; Faleo, G; Jirillo, E; Leandro, G; Magrone, T; Minenna, M; Pellegrino, NM, 2003
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a Fe3+-binding glycoprotein, first recognized in milk and then in other human epithelial secretions and barrier fluids. "( Multiple enzymic activities of human milk lactoferrin.
Babina, SE; Buneva, VN; Isaeva, N; Kanyshkova, TG; Kul'minskaya, AA; Neustroev, KN; Nevinsky, GA; Semenov, DV; Vlassov, AV, 2003
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein located in specific (secondary) granules of leukocytes and plays a central role in the host response to infectious stimuli in providing both bacteriostatic and bactericidal protection."( Immunohistochemical detection of sepsis-induced lung injury in human autopsy material.
Tsokos, M, 2003
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein that is found in milk, neutrophils, and other biological fluids. "( Bovine lactoferrin has a nitric oxide-dependent hypotensive effect in rats.
Ando, K; Harada, E; Hayashida, K; Miyamoto, A; Ozaki, T; Shimizu, H; Takeuchi, T, 2004
)
"Lactoferrin is a member of the transferrin family of iron-binding proteins. "( Lactoferrin--a multifunctional protein with antimicrobial properties.
Evans, RW; Farnaud, S, 2003
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional, iron-binding glycoprotein found in secretory fluids of mammals. "( Expression of bovine lactoferrin and lactoferrin N-lobe by recombinant baculovirus and its antimicrobial activity against Prototheca zopfii.
Kumura, H; Lee, NY; Nakamura, I; Shimazaki, K; Tanaka, T, 2003
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding protein that is found in milk and other mammalian secretions. "( Antiviral activity of lactoferrin against canine herpesvirus.
Igarashi, I; Kumura, H; Nakatani, S; Shimazaki, Ki; Tanaka, T; Xuan, X, 2003
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein found in various biological fluids. "( Lactoferrin enhances peripheral opioid-mediated antinociception via nitric oxide in rats.
Harada, E; Hayashida, K; Takeuchi, T, 2004
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein of the innate host defence system. "( The role of N-linked glycosylation in the protection of human and bovine lactoferrin against tryptic proteolysis.
Geerts, ME; Nuijens, JH; van Berkel, PH; van Veen, HA, 2004
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding protein present in both colostrum and secondary granules of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). "( Effects of supplemental lactoferrin on serum lactoferrin and IgG concentrations and neutrophil oxidative metabolism in Holstein calves.
Cockrell, M; Dawes, ME; Estes, DM; Lakritz, J; Larson, RL; Marsh, AE; Steevens, B; Tyler, JW,
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a protein which plays a role in the innate immunity."( Normalization of peripheral blood cell composition by lactoferrin in cyclophosphamide-treated mice.
Artym, J; Kruzel, M; Zimecki, M, 2004
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a ubiquitous protein which exists in milk, plasma, synovial fluids, cerebrospinal fluid and other biological fluids. "( Oral administration of lactoferrin inhibits inflammation and nociception in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis.
Ando, K; Harada, E; Hayashida, K; Kaneko, T; Shimizu, H; Takeuchi, T, 2004
)
"Lactoferrin is an important biological molecule with many functions such as modulation of the inflammatory response, iron metabolism and antimicrobial defense. "( Anti-complement effects of lactoferrin-derived peptides.
Haukland, HH; Samuelsen, Ø; Ulvatne, H; Vorland, LH, 2004
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein present in epithelial secretions, such as milk, and in the secondary granules of neutrophils. "( Lactoferrin is a potent regulator of bone cell activity and increases bone formation in vivo.
Baker, EN; Baker, HM; Banovic, T; Bava, U; Callon, KE; Chan, VA; Chen, Q; Cornish, J; Fazzalari, N; Grey, AB; Haggarty, NW; Lin, JM; Naot, D; Palmano, KP; Reid, HE; Reid, IR; Tong, PC; Watson, M, 2004
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional iron glycoprotein which is known to exert a broad-spectrum primary defense activity against bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. "( The antimicrobial activity of lactoferrin: current status and perspectives.
Orsi, N, 2004
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a member of this family that is widely localized in external fluids including milk and mucosal secretions, in addition to being a prominent component of the secondary granules of neutrophils."( Lactoferrin: role in iron homeostasis and host defense against microbial infection.
Conneely, OM; Ward, PP, 2004
)
"Lactoferrin is a member of the transferrin family of iron-binding glycoproteins that is abundantly expressed and secreted from glandular epithelial cells. "( Lactoferrin and host defence: an overview of its immuno-modulating and anti-inflammatory properties.
Elass, E; Legrand, D; Mazurier, J; Pierce, A, 2004
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a mammalian iron binding protein present in external secretions and in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. "( 1H NMR relaxometric characterization of bovine lactoferrin.
Antonini, G; Ascenzi, P; Fanali, G; Fasano, M; Polticelli, F, 2004
)
"Lactoferrin is an important component of innate immunity through its sequestration of iron, bactericidal activity, and immune modulatory activity. "( PspA protects Streptococcus pneumoniae from killing by apolactoferrin, and antibody to PspA enhances killing of pneumococci by apolactoferrin [corrected].
Benjamin, WH; Briles, DE; Hollingshead, SK; Shaper, M, 2004
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional glycoprotein, which plays an important role in immune regulation and defense mechanisms against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. "( Anti-HSV activity of lactoferrin and lactoferricin is dependent on the presence of heparan sulphate at the cell surface.
Andersen, JH; Gutteberg, TJ; Jenssen, H; Sandvik, K, 2004
)
"Lactoferrin is an antimicrobial agent, that, amongst other viruses, inhibits cytomegalovirus (CMV). "( Inhibition of cytomegalovirus infection by lactoferrin in vitro and in vivo.
Bakker, HI; Beljaars, L; Harmsen, MC; Meijer, DK; Molema, G; Reker-Smit, C; van der Strate, BW; van Loenen-Weemaes, AM; Wiegmans, FC, 2004
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein found predominantly in milk and in granulocytes. "( Lactoferrin interacts with nucleotides.
Babina, SE; Nevinsky, GA, 2004
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional iron-binding protein present in several mucosal secretions as well as in secondary granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). "( Anti-lactoferrin antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: isotypes and clinical correlates.
Afeltra, A; Amoroso, A; Caccavo, D; Ferri, GM; Galluzzo, S; Picardi, A; Rigon, A; Vadacca, M, 2005
)
"Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein and plays an important role in defence against pathogens. "( Inhibitory activity of bovine lactoferrin against echovirus induced programmed cell death in vitro.
Ammendolia, MG; Pietrantoni, A; Superti, F; Tinari, A; Valenti, P, 2005
)
"Lactoferrin is a multifunctional glycoprotein that is present in several mucosal secretions. "( Expression of porcine lactoferrin by using recombinant baculovirus in silkworm, Bombyx mori L., and its purification and characterization.
Cao, C; Huang, H; Liu, G; Liu, J; Wang, Y; Wu, X; Xu, Z, 2005
)
"Lactoferrin Glu561Asp is a key polymorphism related to facilitating amyloid formation in corneal amyloidosis with trichiasis."( Lactoferrin Glu561Asp facilitates secondary amyloidosis in the cornea.
Ando, Y; Araki-Sasaki, K; Hirano, K; Ikemizu, S; Kawaji, T; Kinoshita, S; Kitagawa, K; Matsumoto, K; Nakamura, M; Tanihara, H; Ueda, M; Yamada, M; Yamashita, T, 2005
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a main iron-transfering glycoprotein of human barrier body fluids, blood and milk. "( [Human milk lactoferrin hydrolyzes nucleoside-5'-triphosphates].
Babina, SE; Buneva, VN; Nevinskiĭ, GA; Semenov, DV,
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein that belongs to the transferrin family. "( Lactoferrin--a novel bone growth factor.
Cornish, J; Grey, A; Naot, D; Reid, IR, 2005
)
"Lactoferrin is a metal-binding glycoprotein exhibiting multifunctional immunoregulation of antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-endotoxin and antiviral activities. "( Production of recombinant porcine lactoferrin exhibiting antibacterial activity in methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris.
Chen, CM; Chen, HL; Lai, YW; Lin, CW; Lin, YJ; Lin, YY; Lu, CY; Tsai, TC; Yang, SH; Yen, CC, 2004
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein belonging to the transferrin (Tf) family. "( Pharmacokinetics and brain uptake of lactoferrin in rats.
Akita, H; Harashima, H; Higuchi, M; Inoue, K; Ji, B; Maeda, J; Suhara, T, 2006
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional iron-binding protein that was first identified in mammary secretions, but is synthesized by most mammalian tissues. "( Lactoferrin interaction with retinoid signaling: cell growth and apoptosis in mammary cells.
Baumrucker, CR; Green, MH; Schanbacher, F; Shang, Y, 2006
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein first identified in breast milk as a protein product of mammary epithelial cells. "( Phase I trial of oral talactoferrin alfa in refractory solid tumors.
Davis, LD; Dhingra, HM; Falchook, GF; Hayes, BP; Hayes, TG; Smith, DP; Varadhachary, A; Varadhachary, GR, 2006
)
"Talactoferrin is a promising, well-tolerated new agent that should be evaluated further in patients with refractory metastatic cancer."( Phase I trial of oral talactoferrin alfa in refractory solid tumors.
Davis, LD; Dhingra, HM; Falchook, GF; Hayes, BP; Hayes, TG; Smith, DP; Varadhachary, A; Varadhachary, GR, 2006
)
"Lactoferrin is an antimicrobial protein which plays an important role in regulating bacteria that are associated with aggressive periodontitis. "( A non-conservative, coding single-nucleotide polymorphism in the N-terminal region of lactoferrin is associated with aggressive periodontitis in an African-American, but not a Caucasian population.
Eskdale, J; Fine, DH; Gallagher, G; Jordan, WJ; Lennon, GP; Pestoff, R; Wu, L, 2005
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an important biologic molecule with many functions, one of which is antimicrobial defense. "( Inhibitory effect of lactoferrin on in vitro growth of Babesia caballi.
Igarashi, I; Ikadai, H; Kudo, N; Matsuu, A; Oyamada, T; Shibahara, N; Shimazaki, K; Tanaka, H; Tanaka, T, 2005
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein of the transferrin family. "( Lactoferrin: a modulator of immune and inflammatory responses.
Carpentier, M; Elass, E; Legrand, D; Mazurier, J, 2005
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a member of the transferrin family that is expressed and secreted by glandular epithelial cells and is found in the secondary granules of neutrophils. "( Multifunctional roles of lactoferrin: a critical overview.
Conneely, OM; Paz, E; Ward, PP, 2005
)
"Lactoferrin is a mammalian glycoprotein that chelates extracellular iron on mucosal surfaces, including the surface of the large intestine, where E."( Human hololactoferrin: endocytosis and use as an iron source by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica.
Arroyo, R; Bermúdez-Cruz, RM; Canizalez-Román, A; de la Garza, M; León-Sicairos, N; Reyes-López, M; Serrano-Luna, J, 2005
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a protein secreted by the tissues of ectodermal origin. "( [Lactoferrin in the central nervous system].
Barcikowska, M; Pluta, R; Sacharczuk, M; Sadowski, B; Zagulski, T,
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron binding glycoprotein found in the 2ry granules of PMN. "( The utility of lactoferrin in differentiating parasitic from bacterial infections.
Aly, SM; El-Zawawy, LA; Fathy, FM; Mohamed, ON; Said, DE, 2005
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein that is widely found in milk, blood, and other biological fluids. "( Milk-derived lactoferrin may block tolerance to morphine analgesia.
Ando, K; Harada, E; Hayashida, K; Shimizu, H; Takeuchi, T; Tsuchiya, T, 2006
)
"Lactoferrin is a major protein component of human milk, and it binds iron with high affinity. "( Absorption of iron from recombinant human lactoferrin in young US women.
Bryant, A; Lönnerdal, B, 2006
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a mammalian iron-binding glycoprotein with antiviral effects. "( Oral lactoferrin in HIV-1 vertically infected children: an observational follow-up of plasma viral load and immune parameters.
Agostoni, C; Riva, E; Salvini, F; Zuccotti, GV,
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding protein and belongs to the serum transferrin family. "( Polymorphisms within the lactoferrin gene promoter in various cattle breeds.
Buckley, F; Daly, M; Giblin, L; Ross, P, 2006
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding secretory protein, which is distributed in the secondary granules of polynuclear lymphocytes as well as in the milk produced by female mammals. "( Interaction of human lactoferrin with cell adhesion molecules through RGD motif elucidated by lactoferrin-binding epitopes.
Ito, Y; Mori, T; Sakamoto, K; Sugimura, K, 2006
)
"Lactoferrin is a secreted protein related to transferrin. "( Full length and delta lactoferrin display differential cell localization dynamics, but do not act as tumor markers or significantly affect the expression of other genes.
Alexander, DB; Goldberg, GS; Ishidate, F; Kunimoto, T; Miyamoto, K; Ohta, T; Suenaga, K; Teng, CT; Tsuda, H; Ushijima, T; Yokota, J, 2005
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein, which plays a variety of biological processes including immunity. "( Human lactoferrin upregulates expression of KDR/Flk-1 and stimulates VEGF-A-mediated endothelial cell proliferation and migration.
Choi, SY; Kim, CW; Kim, J; Son, KN, 2006
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein that belongs to the transferrin family. "( Lactoferrin promotes collagen gel contractile activity of fibroblasts mediated by lipoprotein receptors.
Takayama, Y; Takezawa, T, 2006
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an estrogen-regulated glycoprotein with well-described antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. "( Lactoferrin expression in the horse endometrium: relevance in persisting mating-induced endometritis.
Klein, D; Knapp, E; Kolm, G; Walter, I; Watanabe, K, 2006
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a member of the transferrin family of iron-binding anti-bacterial proteins, present in most exocrine secretions, such as saliva, and plays an important role in mucosal defense. "( Cleaved inflammatory lactoferrin peptides in parotid saliva of periodontitis patients.
Komine, K; Komine, Y; Kuroishi, T; Minami, T; Ozawa, A; Shimauchi, H; Sugawara, S, 2007
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a component of innate immunity and is known to interact with accessory molecules involved in the TLR4 pathway, including CD14 and LPS binding protein, suggesting that LF may activate components of the TLR4 pathway. "( Lactoferrin activates macrophages via TLR4-dependent and -independent signaling pathways.
Curran, CS; Demick, KP; Mansfield, JM, 2006
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron binding multifunctional glycoprotein that is present in several mucosal secretions like milk, tears and saliva. "( [Antimicrobial mechanisms and potential clinical application of lactoferrin].
Ramos-Clamont Montfort, G; Rodríguez-Franco, DA; Vázquez-Moreno, L,
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein present in secretory fluids of mammals and circulating neutrophils. "( Lactoferrin ameliorates symptoms of experimental encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats.
Chodaczek, G; Houszka, M; Kocieba, M; Kruzel, ML; Zimecki, M, 2007
)
"Lactoferrin is a colostral glycoprotein with antimicrobial properties."( Serum lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G concentrations in healthy or ill neonatal foals and healthy adult horses.
Barton, MH; Byars, D; Costa, L; Heusner, G; Hurley, D; Jones, S; Norton, N; Watanabe, K,
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a cationic iron-binding glycoprotein that is abundantly expressed and secreted from glandular epithelial cells and a prominent component of the secondary granules of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. "( Effect of lactoferrin on selected immune system parameters and the gastrointestinal morphology in growing calves.
Pfaffl, MW; Prenner, ML; Prgomet, C; Schwarz, FJ, 2007
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding protein contained in the secretory fluids of mammals and secondary granules of neutrophils. "( The effects of lactoferrin on myelopoiesis: can we resolve the controversy?
Artym, J; Zimecki, M, 2007
)
"Lactoferrin is a globular multifunctional protein that has been shown to play a role in iron absorption and to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities."( Recombinant porcine lactoferrin expressed in the milk of transgenic mice enhances offspring growth performance.
Chen, CM; Chen, HL; Cheng, WT; Kuo, MF; Wang, SR; Weng, CN; Wu, SC; Yang, TS; Yen, CC, 2007
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein of human milk whose concentration is highest in colostrum decreasing in mature milk."( Lactoferrin induces concentration-dependent functional modulation of intestinal proliferation and differentiation.
Bracale, I; Bruzzese, E; Buccigrossi, V; de Marco, G; Guarino, A; Ombrato, L; Polito, G, 2007
)
"Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein with antimicrobial and immunoregulatory properties, which is found in milk, other external secretions, and in the secondary granules of neutrophils. "( Uptake of ingested bovine lactoferrin and its accumulation in adult mouse tissues.
Blais, A; Boyaka, PN; Debbabi, H; Dubarry, M; Fischer, R; Rautureau, M; Tome, D, 2007
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that plays an important role in immune regulation and defence mechanisms against bacteria, fungi and viruses. "( Bovine lactoferrin prevents the entry and intercellular spread of herpes simplex virus type 1 in Green Monkey Kidney cells.
Ammendolia, MG; Marchetti, M; Superti, F, 2007
)
"Lactoferrin (LTF) is a multifunctional iron-binding protein that is also capable of binding other divalent metal cations, especially Zn2+. "( Apolactoferrin inhibits the catalytic domain of matrix metalloproteinase-2 by zinc chelation.
Johnson, JP; Newsome, AL; Seipelt, RL; Thompson, MW, 2007
)
"Lactoferrin is a potential useful adjunct treatment for patients with CHC."( Effect of lactoferrin in patients with chronic hepatitis C: combination therapy with interferon and ribavirin.
Adachi, Y; Fujita, N; Hamano, H; Ikoma, J; Imoto, I; Iwasa, M; Kaito, M; Kobayashi, Y; Kojima, Y; Yamauchi, K, 2007
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron binding glycoprotein of the transferrin family that is expressed in most biological fluids and is a major component of mammals' innate immune system. "( Lactoferrin structure and functions.
Carpentier, M; Elass, E; Legrand, D; Mariller, C; Mazurier, J; Pierce, A, 2008
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding protein found in milk, mucosal secretions, and the secondary granules of neutrophils in which it is considered to be an important factor in the innate immune response against microbial infections. "( Stimulus-dependent impairment of the neutrophil oxidative burst response in lactoferrin-deficient mice.
Conneely, OM; Mendoza-Meneses, M; Park, PW; Ward, PP, 2008
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an important protein component of the innate immune system that is broadly distributed within the body fluids. "( Lactoferrin, a major defense protein of innate immunity, is a novel maturation factor for human dendritic cells.
Caorsi, C; Ceruti, P; Forni, G; Giovarelli, M; Pericle, F; Spadaro, M; Varadhachary, A, 2008
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein found in different biological fluids of mammals and in neutrophils. "( Isolation of lactoferrin from milk of different species: calorimetric and antimicrobial studies.
Calvo, M; Conesa, C; Evans, RW; Farnaud, S; Pérez, MD; Rota, C; Sánchez, L, 2008
)
"Lactoferrin is an 80-kDa iron-binding protein present at high concentrations in milk and in the granules of neutrophils. "( Lactoferrin acts as an alarmin to promote the recruitment and activation of APCs and antigen-specific immune responses.
de la Rosa, G; Oppenheim, JJ; Tewary, P; Varadhachary, A; Yang, D, 2008
)
"Lactoferrin is a nonenzymatic secretory protein of human pancreas specifically increased in the external pancreatic secretion of patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis. "( Plasma lactoferrin levels in patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis.
Figarella, C; Gaia, E; Piantino, P, 1983
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein present in high concentrations in human milk. "( Supplementation of milk with iron bound to lactoferrin using weanling mice: L. Effects on hematology and tissue iron.
Fransson, GB; Keen, CL; Lönnerdal, B, 1983
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein that has been detected in secretions that bathe human mucosal tissues. "( Bactericidal activity of human lactoferrin: sensitivity of a variety of microorganisms.
Arnold, RR; Brewer, M; Gauthier, JJ, 1980
)
"Lactoferrin is a non-enzymatic secretory protein of human pancreas and is specifically increased in pancreatic juice of patients with chronic pancreatitis. "( Diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis by measurement of lactoferrin in duodenal juice.
Figarella, C; Multigner, L; Sarles, H, 1981
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein that is bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans and several other microorganisms. "( Bactericidal activity of human lactoferrin: influence of physical conditions and metabolic state of the target microorganism.
Arnold, RR; Champion, WJ; Gauthier, JJ; Russell, JE, 1981
)
"Lactoferrin is a non-enzymatic secretory protein present in the acinar cells of human pancreas, and specifically increased in the pancreatic juice of chronic calcifying pancreatitis patients. "( Immunocytochemical localization of lactoferrin in human pancreas.
Figarella, C; Lechène de la Porte, P; Sarles, H, 1981
)
"Lactoferrin is a 703-amino acid glycoprotein originally isolated from milk. "( Lactoferrin: a general review.
Levay, PF; Viljoen, M,
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein found in human mucosal secretions as well as the specific granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. "( The effects of lactoferrin on gram-negative bacteria.
Ellison, RT, 1994
)
"Lactoferrin is a prominent component of neutrophil secondary granules, and its blood concentration is increased in certain inflammatory diseases. "( Neutralization of heparin activity by neutrophil lactoferrin.
Church, FC; Lundblad, RL; Wu, HF, 1995
)
"Lactoferrin is a prominent component of neutrophil secondary granules and its blood concentration is increased in certain inflammatory diseases. "( Characterization of the glycosaminoglycan-binding region of lactoferrin.
Church, FC; Monroe, DM; Wu, HF, 1995
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein which is synthesized by mucosal epithelium and neutrophils and released by these cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. "( Delineation of the glycosaminoglycan-binding site in the human inflammatory response protein lactoferrin.
Mann, DM; Migliorini, M; Romm, E, 1994
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding antimicrobial protein present in milk and on mucosal surfaces, with a suggested role in preimmune host defense. "( Lactoferrin binds to porins OmpF and OmpC in Escherichia coli.
Erdei, J; Forsgren, A; Naidu, AS, 1994
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a major iron (Fe)-binding protein in human milk and has been proposed to facilitate Fe absorption. "( Influence of lactoferrin on iron absorption from human milk in infants.
Davidsson, L; Hurrell, RF; Kastenmayer, P; Lönnerdal, B; Yuen, M, 1994
)
"As lactoferrin is a common, non-immune, mucosal defence protein, its varying mode of action against C."( The fungicidal effect of human lactoferrin on Candida albicans and Candida krusei.
Hamada, T; Nikawa, H; Pang, KM; Samaranayake, LP; Tenovuo, J, 1993
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron transport protein. "( Domain closure in lactoferrin. Two hinges produce a see-saw motion between alternative close-packed interfaces.
Anderson, BF; Baker, EN; Chothia, C; Gerstein, M; Lesk, AM; Norris, GE, 1993
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding protein which plays an important role in the host defense systems of different mucosal surfaces including the intestinal mucosa. "( Influence of lactoferrin on the entry process of Escherichia coli HB101 (pRI203) in HeLa cells.
Alfsen, A; Conte, MP; Longhi, C; Polidoro, M; Seganti, L; Valenti, P, 1993
)
"Lactoferrin is an 80-kDa, iron-binding glycoprotein present in milk and, to a lesser extent, in exocrine fluids such as bile and tears. "( Lactoferrin: molecular structure and biological function.
Iyer, S; Lönnerdal, B, 1995
)
"Lactoferrin is a member of the transferrin family of iron-binding proteins. "( Cooperative interactions between the amino- and carboxyl-terminal lobes contribute to the unique iron-binding stability of lactoferrin.
Conneely, OM; Ward, PP; Zhou, X, 1996
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein that has been used for distinguishing normal from neoplastic conditions in many different tissues. "( Lactoferrin in thyroid lesions: immunoreactivity in fine needle aspiration biopsy samples.
Alves Abelin, NM; Alves, VA; Bisi, H; Kanamura, CT; Longatto Filho, A; Yossie Asato de Camargo, R,
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding protein found in milk and other secretory fluids of mammals as well as in secondary granules of neutrophils. "( [Lactoferrin--its role in defense against infection and immunotropic properties].
Adamik, B; Właszczyk, A, 1996
)
"Lactoferrin is a polypeptide which is abundant in colostrum; however, its biologic effect in the neonate is unknown. "( Orally administered lactoferrin increases hepatic protein synthesis in formula-fed newborn pigs.
Burrin, DG; Dudley, MA; Heath, J; Wang, H, 1996
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron binding protein, which may represent a target for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. "( Two spatially distant epitopes of human lactoferrin.
Afeltra, A; Amoroso, A; Bonomo, L; Caccavo, D; Di Monaco, C; Ferri, GM; Guido, F; Vaccaro, F, 1996
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein that has been shown to be overexpressed in human endometrial carcinomas. "( Estrogen regulation of lactoferrin expression in human endometrium.
Findley, WE; Hutchens, TW; Kaul, A; Kelver, ME; Nagamani, M; Nowicki, B, 1996
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein present in milk, lacrimae, saliva, and gastroduodenal secretions. "( Relation of lactoferrin levels in gastric mucosa with Helicobacter pylori infection and with the degree of gastric inflammation.
Ikemura, N; Imoto, I; Misaki, M; Nakao, K; Shibata, T; Taguchi, Y; Takaji, S; Yamauchi, K; Yamazaki, N, 1997
)
"Lactoferrin is a basic glycoprotein found in human milk, secondary granules of neutrophils, and many body secretions, and it has been associated with carcinogenesis of the endometrium, breast, and lymphoid systems."( Neoplastic transformation of the endocervix associated with downregulation of lactoferrin expression.
Esplund, G; Farley, J; Gray, K; Harrison, C; Loup, D; Macri, C; Mitchell, A; Nelson, M, 1997
)
"Lactoferrin is a secreted iron binding protein which is expressed during normal functional development of mammary epithelium. "( Lactoferrin expression in mammary epithelial cells is mediated by changes in cell shape and actin cytoskeleton.
Bailey, N; Close, MJ; Desprez, PY; Howlett, AR; Roskelley, CD; Rowning, B; Stampfer, MR; Teng, CT; Yaswen, P, 1997
)
"Lactoferrin (Mw=78 kDa) is a member of the transferrin family of iron-binding glycoproteins. "( Expression and characterization of recombinant murine lactoferrin.
Chu, H; Conneely, OM; Ward, PP; Zhou, X, 1997
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding, bacteriostatic glycoprotein, which is produced in the seminal vesicles."( [Heterogeneity of seminal vesicle amyloid. Immunohistochemical detection of lactoferrin and amyloid of the prealbumin-transthyretin type].
Dürmüller, U; Epper, R; Koller, A; Mihatsch, MJ; Moch, H; Süess, K, 1998
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein implicated in particular in the control of immune functions and cell proliferation. "( Effects of human lactoferrin on NK cell cytotoxicity against haematopoietic and epithelial tumour cells.
Boilly-Marer, Y; Damiens, E; Duthille, I; el Yazidi, I; Masson, M; Mazurier, J; Spik, G, 1998
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a milk iron-binding glycoprotein that plays a role in iron transport and acts as both a bacteriostatic and a growth modulating agent. "( Bovine lactoferrin induces both mucosal and systemic immune response in mice.
Debbabi, H; Dubarry, M; Rautureau, M; Tomé, D, 1998
)
"Lactoferrin is a good inducer of IL-6 and TNF-alpha production."( Lactoferrin effects on the in vitro immune response in critically ill patients.
Adamik, B; Berezowicz, P; Kübler, A; Właszczyk, A; Zimecki, M, 1998
)
"Lactoferrin is an 80 kDa major protein component of mammalian colostral whey. "( The survival of ingested lactoferrin in the gastrointestinal tract of adult mice.
Hayasawa, H; Hutchens, TW; Kuwata, H; Teraguchi, S; Tomita, M; Yamauchi, K; Yip, TT, 1998
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron binding glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 80 kDa. "( Crystal structure of a complex formed between proteolytically-generated lactoferrin fragment and proteinase K.
Betzel, C; Bhatia, KL; Karthikeyan, S; Sharma, S; Singh, TP, 1998
)
"Lactoferrin is a member of the transferrin family of iron-binding proteins to which several physiological functions have been ascribed. "( Restricted spatiotemporal expression of lactoferrin during murine embryogenesis.
Conneely, OM; Mendoza, MM; Saucedo-Cardenas, O; Teng, CT; Ward, PP, 1998
)
"Lactoferrin is a mammalian iron-binding glycoprotein present in many biological secretions, such as milk, tears, semen and plasma and a major component of the specific granules of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. "( Antiviral effect of bovine lactoferrin saturated with metal ions on early steps of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
Belardelli, F; Borghi, P; Gessani, S; Puddu, P; Seganti, L; Valenti, P, 1998
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein present in various secretions including milk and the specific granules of neutrophils. "( Superoxide dismutase-like activity of metal substituted lactoferrin derivatives.
Akiyama, J; Horton, AA; Ishisaka, R; Kanematsu, H; Kanno, T; Utsumi, T; Yoshioka, T, 1998
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein present in high concentrations in milk and exocrine fluids such as bile and tears. "( Induction of lactoferrin expression in murine ES cells by retinoic acid and estrogen.
Bezault, J; Furmanski, P; Geng, K; Li, Y, 1998
)
"Lactoferrin, which is an anti-microbial protein released from neutrophils, strongly inhibited the growth of C."( Anti-Candida activity of calprotectin in combination with neutrophils or lactoferrin.
Abe, S; Mikami, M; Okutomi, T; Tanaka, T; Yamaguchi, H; Yamazaki, M; Yui, S, 1998
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding protein involved in host defense against infection and severe inflammation; it accumulates in the brain during neurodegenerative disorders. "( Receptor-mediated transcytosis of lactoferrin through the blood-brain barrier.
Benaïssa, M; Cecchelli, R; Dehouck, MP; Descamps, L; Fenart, L; Fillebeen, C; Pierce, A; Spik, G, 1999
)
"Lactoferrin is a member of the transferrin family of iron-binding glycoproteins. "( Restricted spatiotemporal expression of lactoferrin during murine embryonic development.
Conneely, OM; Cunningham, GA; Mendoza-Meneses, M; Mulac-Jericevic, B; Saucedo-Cardenas, O; Teng, CT; Ward, PP, 1999
)
"Lactoferrin is a single chain glycoprotein of molecular mass 80 kDa with two iron-binding sites and two structural lobes connected by a short peptide."( Preparation and characterization of the N and C monoferric lobes of buffalo lactoferrin produced by proteolysis using proteinase K.
Bhatia, KL; Sharma, S; Singh, TP, 1999
)
"Lactoferrin is an antimicrobial protein present in human mucosal secretions as well as saliva. "( In vitro susceptibility of Candida species to lactoferrin.
Nikawa, H; Samaranayake, LP; Samaranayake, YH; Xu, YY, 1999
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein found in exocrine secretions of mammals and released from neutrophilic granules during inflammation. "( Lactoferrin: a multifunctional glycoprotein involved in the modulation of the inflammatory process.
Baveye, S; Elass, E; Legrand, D; Mazurier, J; Spik, G, 1999
)
"Lactoferrin is a multifunctional immunoregulatory protein, stored in specific granules of neutrophil granulocytes, from which it is released following cell activation. "( Increased levels of lactoferrin in synovial fluid but not in serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Afeltra, A; Bonomo, L; Caccavo, D; Di Monaco, C; Ferri, GM; Galeazzi, M; Guido, F; Sebastiani, GD, 1999
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding protein which has been shown to inhibit the growth of various bacterial pathogens and promote the growth of anaerobic bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium in vitro. "( Ability of lactoferrin to promote the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. in vitro is independent of receptor binding capacity and iron saturation level.
Batema, RP; Petschow, BW; Talbott, RD, 1999
)
"Lactoferrin is a monomeric glycoprotein with a molecular mass of approximately 80 kDa. "( Three-dimensional structure of mare diferric lactoferrin at 2.6 A resolution.
Paramasivam, M; Sharma, AK; Singh, TP; Srinivasan, A; Yadav, MP, 1999
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein that has been implicated in protection against infections and allogeneic recognition reactions and in the control of cell growth. "( Unique epitopes of lactoferrin expressed in human cytotrophoblasts involved in immunologic reactions.
Faulk, WP; Hunt, JS; Labarrere, CA; McIntyre, JA; Thaler, CJ, 1999
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein that exerts both bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities. "( Lactoferrin-lipid A-lipopolysaccharide interaction: inhibition by anti-human lactoferrin monoclonal antibody AGM 10.14.
Afeltra, A; Caccavo, D; Freudenberg, M; Galanos, C; Giuliani, G; Jirillo, E; Pece, S, 1999
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a member of the transferrin gene family. "( Regulation of lactoferrin gene expression by estrogen and epidermal growth factor: molecular mechanism.
Teng, CT, 1999
)
"Lactoferrin is an important member of the transferrin family. "( Lactoferrin-metal interactions: first crystal structure of a complex of lactoferrin with a lanthanide ion (Sm3+) at 3.4 A resolution.
Sharma, AK; Singh, TP, 1999
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding protein involved in host defense against infection and severe inflammation, which accumulates in the brain during neurodegenerative disorders. "( Tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases lactoferrin transcytosis through the blood-brain barrier.
Benaïssa, M; Cecchelli, R; Dehouck, B; Dhennin-Duthille, I; Fillebeen, C; Pierce, A, 1999
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein found in milk, exocrine secretions of mammals, and in secondary granules from polymorphonuclear neutrophils. "( Lactoferrin: a multifunctional glycoprotein.
Vorland, LH, 1999
)
"Lactoferrin is a major iron-binding protein in milk from several species, such as humans, monkeys, mice and sows. "( Characteristic transport of lactoferrin from the intestinal lumen into the bile via the blood in piglets.
Araki, Y; Harada, E; Itoh, Y; Kitagawa, H; Sitizyo, K; Takeuchi, T, 1999
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a member of the transferrin family of iron-binding glycoproteins to which several anti-inflammatory functions have been ascribed. "( Regulation of epidermal Langerhans cell migration by lactoferrin.
Conneely, OM; Cumberbatch, M; Dearman, RJ; Headon, DR; Kimber, I; Uribe-Luna, S; Ward, PP, 2000
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein of the transferrin family, first isolated from milk but also found in most exocrine secretions as well as in the secondary granules of neutrophils. "( Structure and biological actions of lactoferrin.
Nuijens, JH; Schanbacher, FL; van Berkel, PH, 1996
)
"Lactoferrin is a cationic iron-binding protein, which is released from activated neutrophils in concert with reactive oxygen species. "( Lactoferrin and anti-lactoferrin antibodies: effects of ironloading of lactoferrin on albumin extravasation in different tissues in rats.
Erga, KS; Peen, E; Reed, RK; Tenstad, O, 2000
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional immunoregulatory protein that has been associated with host defense at mucosal surfaces through its antibacterial properties. "( Human lactoferrin and peptides derived from a surface-exposed helical region reduce experimental Escherichia coli urinary tract infection in mice.
Baltzer, L; Dolphin, G; Engberg, I; Hanson, LA; Håversen, LA; Mattsby-Baltzer, I, 2000
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein with antimicrobial properties. "( Lactoferrin in intrauterine infection, human parturition, and rupture of fetal membranes.
Edwin, SS; Gervasi, MT; Gomez, R; Maymon, E; Pacora, P; Romero, R; Yoon, BH, 2000
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron transport protein present in human milk at an average concentration of 1.4 mg/mL. "( Lactoferrin in infant formulas: effect on oxidation.
Frankel, EN; German, JB; Rangavajhyala, N; Satué-Gracia, MT, 2000
)
"Lactoferrin is a unique polyfunctional protein that influences cell proliferation and differentiation."( Lactoferrin and its biological functions.
Buneva, VN; Kanyshkova, TG; Nevinsky, GA, 2001
)
"Lactoferrin is a multifunctional, iron-binding glycoprotein found in physiological fluids of mammals. "( Production of recombinant bovine lactoferrin N-lobe in insect cells and its antimicrobial activity.
Kumura, H; Lee, NY; Nakamura, I; Shimazaki, KI; Tsunemitsu, H; Watanabe, A; Yagi, Y, 2001
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding, multifunctional protein and may play an important role in immune regulation and in defense mechanisms against bacteria, fungi and viruses."( Lactoferrin and cyclic lactoferricin inhibit the entry of human cytomegalovirus into human fibroblasts.
Andersen, JH; Gutteberg, TJ; Osbakk, SA; Traavik, T; Vorland, LH, 2001
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding 80-kDa glycoprotein."( Protein intermediate trapped by the simultaneous crystallization process. Crystal structure of an iron-saturated intermediate in the Fe3+ binding pathway of camel lactoferrin at 2.7 a resolution.
Khan, JA; Kumar, P; Singh, TP; Srinivasan, A, 2001
)
"Lactoferrin is a monomeric iron-binding protein with a molecular weight of 80 kDa."( Lactoferrin-melanin interaction and its possible implications in melanin polymerization: crystal structure of the complex formed between mare lactoferrin and melanin monomers at 2.7-A resolution.
Kumar, S; Mani, I; Nagpal, A; Raman, G; Sharma, AK; Sharma, V; Singh, N; Singh, TP; Tamboli, I, 2001
)
"Lactoferrin is a non-heme iron binding glycoprotein produced during lactation and by epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces. "( Antiinflammatory activities of lactoferrin.
Conneely, OM, 2001
)
"Lactoferrin is a milk protein that reportedly protects infants from gut-related, systemic infection. "( Lactoferrin protects neonatal rats from gut-related systemic infection.
Edde, L; Headon, DR; Hipolito, RB; Hwang, FF; Shalwitz, RA; Sherman, MP, 2001
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron binding glycoprotein that is present in several mucosal secretions. "( Antiviral activities of lactoferrin.
Beljaars, L; Harmsen, MC; Meijer, DK; Molema, G; van der Strate, BW, 2001
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein abundantly present in human milk, and has been postulated both to increase and to decrease intestinal iron absorption. "( Does human lactoferrin in the milk of transgenic mice deliver iron to suckling neonates?
Hanson, LH; Lewis, A; Neville, MC; Nuijens, JH; Sawicki, V; Zhang, P, 2001
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein found in human mucosal secretions such as milk. "( Protective role of human lactoferrin against invasion of Shigella flexneri M90T.
Caceres, E; Cleary, TG; Diaz-Gonzalez, VA; Gomez, HF; Herrera-Insua, I; Newburg, DS; Siddiqui, MM, 2001
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein. "( Crystal structure of equine apolactoferrin at 303 K providing further evidence of closed conformations of N and C lobes.
Khan, JA; Kumar, P; Singh, TP; Yadav, S, 2002
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a potential drug candidate for the treatment of oropharyngeal Candida infections. "( Design and fungicidal activity of mucoadhesive lactoferrin tablets for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidosis.
Bakker, HI; de Vries-Hospers, HG; Eissens, AC; Frijlink, EW; Heegsma, J; Kuipers, ME; Meijer, DK; Swart, PJ; van den Berg, JJ,
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein and its bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are well known. "( Lactoferrin-binding proteins in Bifidobacterium bifidum.
Kim, WS; Kumura, H; Shimazaki, K; Tanaka, T, 2002
)
"Lactoferrin is a multifunctional member of the transferrin family of nonheme iron-binding glycoproteins. "( Lactoferrin and host defense.
Conneely, OM; Uribe-Luna, S; Ward, PP, 2002
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding protein of external secretions and neutrophil secondary granules with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. "( Enhanced Th1 response to Staphylococcus aureus infection in human lactoferrin-transgenic mice.
Aguila, A; Brock, JH; Guillén, C; Kommajosyula, S; Leung, BP; McInnes, IB; Van Berkel, PH; Vaughan, DM, 2002
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding salivary protein that has been shown to kill Aa in its iron-free form (apo) and reduce binding to host cells in its iron-saturated form (halo)."( Lactoferrin iron levels are reduced in saliva of patients with localized aggressive periodontitis.
Beydouin, F; Fine, DH; Furgang, D, 2002
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein which plays a role in the defence against gastro-intestinal infections and is probably also involved in iron transport in the gut."( Nitrogen and protein components of human milk.
Forsum, E; Gebre-Medhin, M; Hambraeus, L; Lönnerdal, B, 1978
)
"Lactoferrin is a 77-kDa iron-binding protein to which a wide variety of divergent biologic functions have been ascribed. "( Interaction of lactoferrin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS): effects on the antioxidant property of lactoferrin and the ability of LPS to prime human neutrophils for enhanced superoxide formation.
Britigan, BE; Cohen, MS; Mao, J; Rasmussen, GT; Serody, JS, 1992
)
"Lactoferrin is a secondary granule protein of neutrophils. "( Antilactoferrin antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Chan, CE; Chau, KF; Kwan, TH; Lawton, JW; Lee, SS; Li, CS, 1992
)
"Lactoferrin is a member of the transferrin family of iron-binding proteins. "( Lactoferrin gene promoter: structural integrity and nonexpression in HL60 cells.
Benz, EJ; Berliner, N; Chung, J; Johnston, JJ; Rintels, P; Sather, J, 1992
)
"Lactoferrin is a protein present in many fluids of the human organism and in the secondary granules of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). "( [Lactoferrin].
Gaia, E; Iuliano, R; Piantino, P; Tappero, GF, 1991
)
"Lactoferrin is a growth stimulant. "( Lactoferrin activates plasma membrane oxidase and Na+/H+ antiport activity.
Crane, FL; Faulk, WP; Löw, H; Morré, DJ; Sun, IL, 1991
)
"Lactoferrin is an iron binding glycoprotein which is abundantly present in human tear fluid. "( The role of lactoferrin in the nonspecific immune response on the ocular surface.
Kijlstra, A,
)
"Lactoferrin was found to be a potent stimulator of proliferation for L6 myoblasts. "( The effect of bovine lactoferrin on muscle growth in vivo and in vitro.
Byatt, JC; Collier, RJ; Comens, PG; Johnson, DA; Schmuke, JJ, 1990
)
"Lactoferrin is a granulocyte specific protein that is released from the secondary granulae during activation."( Cytidine deaminase activity in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: relation to lactoferrin, acidosis, and cartilage proteoglycan release.
Björnsson, S; Geborek, P; Månsson, B; Saxne, T, 1990
)
"Lactoferrin is a symmetrically constructed glycoprotein which appears in the milk and in the body fluids and develops a bacteriostatic efficiency on account of the ability to Fe-binding together with other factors such as the IgA."( [Recent knowledge of the structure and function of lactoferrin and ferritin].
Kolb, E, 1989
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) is a negative regulator of myelopoiesis which operates by suppressing the release from mononuclear phagocytes of GM colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or monokines which can then induce the release of GM-CSA from accessory cells. "( Lactoferrin decreases monocyte-induced fibroblast production of myeloid colony-stimulating activity by suppressing monocyte release of interleukin-1.
Broxmeyer, HE; Levy, D; Morse, C; Zucali, JR, 1989
)
"As lactoferrin is an iron binding protein three test formulas were used: (a) no added iron and no added lactoferrin (basic), (b) no iron but added lactoferrin (L), and (c) added iron and lactoferrin (LF)."( Diet and faecal flora in the newborn: lactoferrin.
Balmer, SE; Scott, PH; Wharton, BA, 1989
)
"Lactoferrin is a metal binding protein, which is present in high concentrations in human tears. "( Gel electrophoresis of human tears reveals various forms of tear lactoferrin.
Kijlstra, A; Kuizenga, A; van der Velde, M; van Haeringen, NJ, 1989
)
"Lactoferrin acts as a potent inhibitor of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor production when it binds to these cells."( Lactoferrin binding by leukemia cell lines.
Amagasaki, T; Green, R; Jacobsen, DW; Yamada, Y, 1987
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein common to exocrine secretions and the specific granules of neutrophils. "( Characterization of lactoferrin interaction with Streptococcus mutans.
Arnold, RR; Lassiter, MO; Newsome, AL; Sams, LD, 1987
)
"Lactoferrin is a major constituent of polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules and is present in mature neutrophils but not in blasts or promyelocytes. "( Isolation of lactoferrin cDNA from a human myeloid library and expression of mRNA during normal and leukemic myelopoiesis.
Benz, EJ; Rado, TA; Wei, XP, 1987
)
"Lactoferrin was found to be a poor substrate for lysosomal hydrolases in vitro."( Lactoferrin catabolism in the rat liver.
Chindemi, PA; Debanne, MT; Prieels, JP; Regoeczi, E, 1985
)

Effects

Lactoferrin has a high affinity for iron and whenever it is present it will bind iron and release it only in values of pH<4. It has a healing effect at least as much as HMWHA in MIA-induced TMJ osteoarthritis. Lf appears more effective when used at low concentration in combination with several antibiotics.

Lactoferrin has been used as a milk supplement to prevent disease progression in necrotizing enterocolitis. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates the effects of vitamin D on bone.

ExcerptReference
"Lactoferrin has a healing effect at least as much as HMWHA in MIA-induced TMJ osteoarthritis. "( Comparison of the efficacy of intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid and lactoferrin in mono-iodoacetate-induced temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: A histomorphometric, immunohistochemistry, and micro-computed tomography analysis.
Çiçek, MF; Erdil, A; İğneci, M; Kırarslan, Ö; Koca, CG; Özmen, Ö; Yıldırım, B, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin has a great potential for the tendon regeneration."( Screening for autophagy/hypoxia/ferroptosis/pyroptosis-related genes of tendon injury and repair in a rat model after celecoxib and lactoferrin treatment.
Min, N; Shi, L; Wang, F; Wang, L; Wen, L; Xue, Q; Zhang, Y, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin has a number of biological functions including antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects."( In vitro and in vivo studies on the antimicrobial effect of lactoferrin against Escherichia coli O157:H7.
Cox, E; Kieckens, E; Rybarczyk, J; Vanrompay, D, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin has a high affinity for iron and whenever it is present it will bind iron and release it only in values of pH<4."( Are extrinsic black stains of teeth iron-saturated bovine lactoferrin and a sign of iron deficient anemia or iron overload?
Mesonjesi, I, 2012
)
"Lactoferrin has an anti-inflammatory action as well as an antibacterial action, suggesting that recombinant human lactoferrin has the potential to prevent preterm delivery originating from cervical infection in the clinical setting."( Preventive effect of recombinant human lactoferrin in a rabbit preterm delivery model.
Chiba, H; Hasegawa, A; Kato, A; Mitsukawa, K; Nagatsuka, M; Okai, T; Otsuki, K; Sasaki, Y; Sawada, M, 2005
)
"Lactoferrin has an array of biological activities that include growth, immune modulation, and antimicrobial effects. "( A double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study of bovine lactoferrin supplementation in bottle-fed infants.
Cummings, GE; de Waard, R; Feigelman, S; Guo, N; Keane, V; King, JC; Readmond, BX; Trivedi, L, 2007
)
"Lactoferrin has a weak antibacterial effect when used alone, but interestingly, Lf appears much more effective when used at low concentration in combination with several antibiotics."( Utilization of lactoferrin to fight antibiotic-resistant mammary gland pathogens.
Diarra, MS; Lacasse, P; Lauzon, K; Petitclerc, D, 2008
)
"The lactoferrin normally has a large unsaturated iron-binding capacity."( The role of lactoferrin in the bactericidal function of polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
Armstrong, JA; Bullen, JJ, 1979
)
"Lactoferrin has been reported to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties."( Lactoferrin for the postoperative management of term neonates after gastrointestinal surgery.
Maheshwari, R; Saxena, N; Tarnow-Mordi, WO; Trivedi, A, 2023
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) has been reported for its inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis, however, the mechanism is not completely understood."( Regulation of PKB/Akt-pathway in the chemopreventive effect of lactoferrin against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.
Abdel-Rahman, RF; Hassan, AM; Hegazy, RR; Mansour, DF; Salama, AA, 2019
)
"Lactoferrin has been used as a milk supplement to prevent disease progression in necrotizing enterocolitis. "( Protective effects of lactoferrin on injured intestinal epithelial cells.
Lee, C; Li, B; Liu, J; Pierro, A; Zheng, S; Zhu, H, 2019
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) has been shown to promote bone anabolism, and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates the effects of vitamin D on bone. "( Lactoferrin Is a Potential Activator of the Vitamin D Receptor in Its Regulation of Osteogenic Activities in C57BL/6J Mice and MC3T3-E1 Cells.
Guo, H; Huang, J; Li, Y; Lu, Y; Ma, M; Wang, J; Wang, R, 2021
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) has been recently recognized as a promising new novel bone growth factor for the beneficial effects on bone cells and promotion of bone growth. "( Hydroxyapatite nanorod and microsphere functionalized with bioactive lactoferrin as a new biomaterial for enhancement bone regeneration.
Du, M; Fan, F; Liu, M; Lu, W; Shi, P; Tu, M; Wang, Q; Yu, C, 2017
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) has been established as a potent anabolic factor for bone health both in vivo and in vitro. "( Lactoferrin stimulates osteoblast differentiation through PKA and p38 pathways independent of lactoferrin's receptor LRP1.
Guo, H; Jiang, L; Jing, H; Li, Y; Ren, F; Wang, X; Zhang, H; Zhang, W, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin has been widely studied over the last 70 years, and its role in diverse biological functions is now well known and generally accepted by the scientific community. "( Anticancer effects of lactoferrin: underlying mechanisms and future trends in cancer therapy.
Lima, CF; Rodrigues, LR; Zhang, Y, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin in stool has been identified with ELISA IBD-SCAN test (Techlab, Blacksburg, VA)."( [Presence of lactoferrin in faeces as the indicator of Clostridium difficile in pediatric patients].
Dąbrowskal, S; Demkow, U; Podsiadły, E, 2015
)
"Lactoferrin has been investigated for its adjuvant action to boost the BCG vaccine. "( Immune Activity of BCG Infected Mouse Macrophages Treated with a Novel Recombinant Mouse Lactoferrin.
Actor, JK; Hwang, SA; O'Shea, KM, 2015
)
"Lactoferrin has been recognized as a potent inhibitor of human herpetic viruses, such as herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2). "( Glycosaminoglycans are not indispensable for the anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 activity of lactoferrin.
Ammendolia, MG; Marchetti, M; Superti, F, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) has been implicated in innate immunity. "( Human lactoferrin activates NF-kappaB through the Toll-like receptor 4 pathway while it interferes with the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated TLR4 signaling.
Akira, S; Akiyama, T; Ando, K; Fujino, T; Furusawa, T; Gohda, J; Hasegawa, K; Hayakawa, M; Inoue, J; Kikugawa, K; Nakano, H; Shindo, K; Takeuchi, O, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) has been shown to control the proliferation of a variety of mammalian cells. "( E2F1-directed activation of Bcl-2 is correlated with lactoferrin-induced apoptosis in Jurkat leukemia T lymphocytes.
Choi, SY; Hahm, DH; Hwang, HM; Lee, SH; Pyo, CW, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin has been associated with insulin sensitivity in vivo and in vitro studies. "( Proadipogenic effects of lactoferrin in human subcutaneous and visceral preadipocytes.
Fernández-Real, JM; Moreno-Navarrete, JM; Ortega, F; Ricart, W; Sabater, M, 2011
)
"Lactoferrin has been shown to exhibit anti-enterovirus 71 (EV71) and antirotavirus properties. "( Effects of lactoferrin-containing formula in the prevention of enterovirus and rotavirus infection and impact on serum cytokine levels: a randomized trial.
Chiu, CH; Huang, YC; Lin, TY; Yen, MH,
)
"Lactoferrin has been suggested to have antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV). "( Inhibitory effects of native and recombinant full-length camel lactoferrin and its N and C lobes on hepatitis C virus infection of Huh7.5 cells.
El-Fakkarany, E; Liao, Y; Lönnerdal, B; Redwan, EM, 2012
)
"Lactoferrin receptors have been identified on the surface of various cells, and some of these can bind both the human and the bovine protein."( Lactoferrin, a bird's eye view.
Vogel, HJ, 2012
)
"Lactoferrin has been suggested to have many biologic activities, such as facilitating iron absorption and having antimicrobial and antiinflammatory effects. "( Expression, characterization, and biologic activity of recombinant human lactoferrin in rice.
Huang, J; Huang, N; Kelleher, SL; Lönnerdal, B; Suzuki, YA; Wu, L; Yalda, D, 2003
)
"Lactoferrin has been reported to inhibit tryptase activity, but its actions on other serine proteases of mast cells and its potential to alter mast cell function are not known."( The inhibition of mast cell activation by neutrophil lactoferrin: uptake by mast cells and interaction with tryptase, chymase and cathepsin G.
Blewett, SA; Buckley, MG; He, S; Leufkens, P; Li, P; McEuen, AR; Walls, AF, 2003
)
"Lactoferrin has been known as a multifunctional protein and its antimicrobial effect is one of the most essential function of it."( Susceptibilities against bovine lactoferrin with microorganisms isolated from mastitic milk.
Kawai, K; Kumura, H; Lee, NY; Nakamura, I; Shimazaki, K; Tanaka, T, 2004
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) has been implicated in the regulation of cell growth. "( Human lactoferrin controls the level of retinoblastoma protein and its activity.
Choi, SY; Lee, SH; Son, HJ, 2006
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) has been assumed to be one of the major antioxidants in HM."( Effects of iron-unsaturated human lactoferrin on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in intestinal epithelial cells.
Oguchi, S; Shimizu, T; Shinohara, K; Shoji, H; Yamashiro, Y, 2007
)
"Lactoferrin has been isolated from canine leukocytes for the first time. "( Lactoferrin from canine neutrophils: isolation and physicochemical and antimicrobial properties.
Andreeva, YV; Berlov, MN; Kokryakov, VN; Korableva, ES; Ovchinnikova, TV, 2007
)
"Lactoferrin has been reported to inhibit hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in cultured human hepatocytes and HCV viremia in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). "( Effect of lactoferrin in patients with chronic hepatitis C: combination therapy with interferon and ribavirin.
Adachi, Y; Fujita, N; Hamano, H; Ikoma, J; Imoto, I; Iwasa, M; Kaito, M; Kobayashi, Y; Kojima, Y; Yamauchi, K, 2007
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) has been reported to have many biological functions including cell proliferation and differentiation, and the LF receptor is present on megakaryocytic cells."( Lactoferrin inhibits platelet production from human megakaryocytes in vitro.
Isakari, Y; Ishida, T; Kiwada, H; Matsumura-Takeda, K; Sogo, S; Sudo, T; Taki, T, 2008
)
"Lactoferrin levels have been determined by radialimmunodiffusion in homogenates of both human benign prostatic hypertrophy obtained at open surgery from patients, some of whom had been treated with oestrogens or antiandrogens, and also in prostatic adenocarcinoma tissue removed by transurethral resection. "( Lactoferrin in human prostate tissue.
Van Camp, K; van Sande, M, 1981
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) has been recently proposed as a physiologic regulator of the granulocyte monocyte progenitor (CFU-GM). "( Lactoferrin: no evidence for its role in regulation of CSA production by human lymphocytes and monocytes.
Amson, RB; Bieva, C; Delforge, A; Deschuyteneer, M; Prieels, JP; Rongé-Collard, E; Stryckmans, P; Telerman, A, 1984
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) has been implicated in normal regulation of myeloid blood cell production in vitro and in vivo and abnormalities in LF-cell interactions have been associated with progression of leukemia and other hematopoietic disorders. "( Physical characteristics and polymerization during iron saturation of lactoferrin, a myelopoietic regulatory molecule with suppressor activity.
Broxmeyer, HE; Mantel, C; Miyazawa, K, 1994
)
"A lactoferrin receptor has been found on the brush-border membrane of intestinal epithelial cells of several species, including humans. "( Effect of intracellular iron depletion by picolinic acid on expression of the lactoferrin receptor in the human colon carcinoma cell subclone HT29-18-C1.
Marianne, T; Mikogami, T; Spik, G, 1995
)
"Lactoferrin has been for the first time purified from the porcine cauda epididymal fluid as a 70 kDa protein. "( Direct evidence for the secretion of lactoferrin and its binding to sperm in the porcine epididymis.
Bannai, S; Dacheux, F; Dacheux, JL; Jin, YZ; Okamura, N, 1997
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) has been found in most biological fluids including amniotic fluid and cervical mucoids in pregnant women, and released from neutrophils in response to the inflammation. "( Lactoferrin and interleukin-6 interaction in amniotic infection.
Otsuki, K; Saito, H; Shimizu, Y; Toma, Y; Yanaihara, T; Yoda, A, 1998
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) has been found in most biological fluids including amniotic fluid and cervical mucus in pregnant women and is released from neutrophils in response to inflammation. "( Amniotic fluid lactoferrin in intrauterine infection.
Mitsuhashi, Y; Otsuki, K; Saito, H; Shimizu, Y; Toma, Y; Yanaihara, T; Yoda, A,
)
"Antilactoferrin antibodies have been reported in patients with several autoimmune disorders, including primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis and autoimmune cholangitis. "( Antilactoferrin antibodies in autoimmune liver disease.
Bianchi, FB; Cassani, F; Grassi, A; Lenzi, M; Muratori, L; Muratori, P; Pappas, G; Rodrigo, L; Zauli, D, 2001
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) has been suggested to play roles in primary defense against microbial infection and other cellular processes including immunomodulation. "( Human lactoferrin activates transcription of IL-1beta gene in mammalian cells.
Chung, CK; Chung, DK; Kim, J; Lee, KK; Park, J; Son, KN; Yu, DY, 2002
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) has been suggested to have several physiological functions. "( Characterization of mammalian receptors for lactoferrin.
Lönnerdal, B; Suzuki, YA, 2002
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) has been assayed by radioimmunoassay in plasma and arthritic exudates and compared with lysozyme (LZ) levels and leukocyte counts. "( Lactoferrin and lysozyme in arthritic exudates.
Malmquist, J; Thorell, JI; Wolheim, FA, 1977
)
"Lactoferrin commonly has been assumed to be a product of mammary synthesis, but the origin of milk transferrin has not been elucidated."( Synthesis of lactoferrin and transport of transferrin in the lactating mammary gland of sheep.
Calvo, M; Castillo, H; Ena, JM; Lujan, L; Oria, R; Perez, D; Sanchez, L, 1992
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) has been implicated in a number of functions including the negative regulation of myelopoiesis in vitro and in vivo, an effect mediated by suppression of cytokine release from monocytes/macrophages. "( Lactoferrin-lipopolysaccharide interactions. Effect on lactoferrin binding to monocyte/macrophage-differentiated HL-60 cells.
Broxmeyer, HE; Lu, L; Mantel, C; Miyazawa, K; Morrison, DC, 1991
)
"Lactoferrin has been identified as a factor in human colostrum that accounts for increased incorporation of thymidine into the DNA in an in vitro rat crypt enterocyte bioassay. "( Iron is not required in the lactoferrin stimulation of thymidine incorporation into the DNA of rat crypt enterocytes.
Huebers, HA; McKee, KS; Nichols, BL, 1990
)
"Lactoferrin has been previously shown to be bactericidal for Legionella pneumophila. "( Bactericidal effect of lactoferrin on Legionella pneumophila: effect of the physiological state of the organism.
Arnold, RR; Bortner, CA; Miller, RD, 1989
)
"Lactoferrin has been identified as the factor in human colostrum that accounts for the increased incorporation of thymidine into DNA in a rat crypt enterocyte bioassay. "( Human lactoferrin supplementation of infant formulas increases thymidine incorporation into the DNA of rat crypt cells.
Henry, JF; McKee, K; Nichols, BL; Nichols, VN; Putman, M, 1989
)
"Lactoferrin has been proposed recently as a physiological regulator of the granulocyte-monocyte progenitor (CFU-GM). "( Lactoferrin: its role as a regulator of human granulopoiesis?
Bieva, C; Delforge, A; Efira, A; Prieels, JP; Rongé-Collard, E; Schlusselberg, J; Stryckmans, P, 1985
)
"Lactoferrin has been reported to inhibit the production of colony-stimulating factor (CSF); thus we sought to study its possible effects on myelopoiesis in vivo. "( In vivo study of lactoferrin and murine rebound myelopoiesis.
Bierman, HR; Faith, MR; Poppas, A, 1986
)

Actions

Lactoferrin plays an important role in the innate immune system, with well-characterized antibacterial, antiviral, and immune modulatory properties. Talact oferrin promotes wound repair in vivo, correlating with a modulated enhancement of the early inflammatory phase of wound healing.

ExcerptReference
"Lactoferrin (LF) plays a critical role in promoting gut development and regulating gut microbiota."( Effects of early-life lactoferrin intervention on growth performance, small intestinal function and gut microbiota in suckling piglets.
Hu, P; Wang, J; Zhao, F; Zhu, W, 2019
)
"Lactoferrin can inhibit cathepsin L, but not cathepsins B and H."( Food proteins are a potential resource for mining cathepsin L inhibitory drugs to combat SARS-CoV-2.
Madadlou, A, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) plays critical roles in various physiological processes. "( Lactoferrin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory responses and barrier impairment through the modulation of NF-κB/MAPK/Nrf2 pathways in IPEC-J2 cells.
Hu, P; Wang, J; Zhao, F; Zhu, W, 2020
)
"Lactoferrin could enhance the efficacy of brain targeting with NPs and reduce its liver accumulation."( Intranasal delivery of α-asarone to the brain with lactoferrin-modified mPEG-PLA nanoparticles prepared by premix membrane emulsification.
Ju, F; Pan, L; Zhou, J; Zhu, H, 2018
)
"Lactoferrin plays an important role in infant gastrointestinal health and immunity responses. "( Lactoferrin level in breast milk: a study of 248 samples from eight regions in China.
Cai, X; Duan, Y; Guan, Y; Li, Y; Mao, Y; Wang, J; Yang, Z; Yin, S; Zhao, X; Zhao, Y, 2018
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) plays an important role in the body's immune system. "( Supplementation transgenic cow's milk containing recombinant human lactoferrin enhances systematic and intestinal immune responses in piglets.
Dai, Y; Hu, W; Li, N; Li, Q; Meng, Q; Wang, J; Zhao, J; Zhao, Y, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin may activate diminished numbers of dysfunctional dendritic cells and reverse neonatal vaccine failures."( Lactoferrin acts as an adjuvant during influenza vaccination of neonatal mice.
Hahm, B; Miller, MM; Pritzl, CJ; Sherman, MP; Xia, C; Zaghouani, H, 2015
)
"Lactoferrin did not enhance rate of absorption at any time point ( ≥ 0.36)."( Lactoferrin supplementation of the neonatal calf has no impact on immunoglobulin G absorption and intestinal development in the first days of life.
Connelly, RA; Erickson, PS, 2016
)
"Lactoferrin in milk plays vital roles in the healthy development of newborn mammals, and is also an innate resistance factor involved in the prevention of mammary gland infection by microorganisms."( Advances in lactoferrin research concerning bovine mastitis.
Kawai, K; Shimazaki, KI, 2017
)
"Talactoferrin promotes wound repair in vivo, correlating with a modulated enhancement of the early inflammatory phase of wound healing. "( Talactoferrin stimulates wound healing with modulation of inflammation.
Blezinger, P; Engelmayer, J; Varadhachary, A, 2008
)
"Lactoferrin plays an important role in the innate immune system, with well-characterized antibacterial, antiviral, and immune modulatory properties. "( Polymorphisms in the bovine lactoferrin promoter are associated with reproductive performance and somatic cell count.
Bahar, B; Berry, DP; Giblin, L; Howard, DJ; O'Halloran, F; Sweeney, T, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin could inhibit the expression of VEGF, bFGFmRNA and protein in Tca8113 cells. "( [Effects of lactoferrin on vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor expression in human Tca8113 cell line].
Sun, HC; Wang, L; Wei, XF, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin did not inhibit apoptosis induced by exogenous ceramide, supporting the proposal that it acts upstream of ceramide generation."( Lactoferrin inhibits neutrophil apoptosis via blockade of proximal apoptotic signaling events.
Deigner, HP; Francis, N; Hampson, P; Lord, JM; Salmon, M; Scheel-Toellner, D; Wang, K; Wong, SH; Young, SP, 2011
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) plays various anti-inflammatory roles in inflammation experimentally induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). "( Lactoferrin protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice.
Chen, HL; Kong, QY; Li, XJ; Liu, DP; Pan, XH; Pang, QF, 2012
)
"Lactoferrin did not inhibit cleavage of synthetic substrates by tryptase and chymase directly, though it was able to diminish the ability of heparin to stabilise tryptase."( The inhibition of mast cell activation by neutrophil lactoferrin: uptake by mast cells and interaction with tryptase, chymase and cathepsin G.
Blewett, SA; Buckley, MG; He, S; Leufkens, P; Li, P; McEuen, AR; Walls, AF, 2003
)
"Lactoferrin plays a central role in ferrokinetics: it binds free iron with great affinity limiting the amount of ions available for microorganism's metabolism."( Lactoferrin: mechanism of action, clinical significance and therapeutic relevance.
Altavilla, N; Aragona, G; Bertelè, A; Borghi, L; Cavestro, GM; Dal Bò, N; Di Mario, F; Franzè, A; Ingegnoli, AV; Iori, V; Mantovani, N; Pilotto, A, 2002
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) plays various anti-inflammatory roles in inflammation experimentally induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). "( Intraperitoneal injection of lactoferrin ameliorates severe albumin extravasation and neutrophilia in LPS-induced inflammation in neonatal rats.
Kuwata, T; Yajima, M; Yajima, T, 2005
)
"Lactoferrin (Lf) plays an important role in host defense against infection and excessive inflammation. "( Role of endogenous interferon and LPS in the immunomodulatory effects of bovine lactoferrin in murine peritoneal macrophages.
Belardelli, F; Carollo, MG; Gessani, S; Puddu, P; Valenti, P, 2007
)
"Lactoferrin plays an important role in the defense against infections, including herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis. "( Lactoferrin Glu561Asp polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to herpes simplex keratitis.
de Keizer, RJ; Dogterom-Ballering, HC; Houwing-Duistermaat, JJ; Jager, MJ; Keijser, S; Krose, CJ; Nibbering, PH; Schoonderwoerd, DT; van der Plas, MJ; van Dissel, JT, 2008
)
"Lactoferrin did not inhibit CSA production by monokine-stimulated fibroblasts."( Regulation of colony-stimulating activity production. Interactions of fibroblasts, mononuclear phagocytes, and lactoferrin.
Bagby, GC; Layman, DL; McCall, E, 1983
)
"Lactoferrin did not inhibit CSA production by monokine-stimulated endothelial cells."( A monokine regulates colony-stimulating activity production by vascular endothelial cells.
Bagby, GC; Bergstrom, KA; Burger, D; McCall, E, 1983
)
"Lactoferrin did not inhibit the formation of EAC14 but markedly blocked the assembly of the EAC142 enzyme."( Modulation of classical C3 convertase of complement by tear lactoferrin.
Jeurissen, SH; Kijlstra, A, 1982
)
"Lactoferrin failed to inhibit anti-hsp65 reactivity, while hsp65 itself did."( Antibody to mycobacterial 65-kD heat shock protein in commercial antisera.
Bernstein, RM; Hajeer, AH, 1993
)
"Lactoferrin did not inhibit binding of transferrin, or vice versa."( Binding of lactoferrin and transferrin to the human promonocytic cell line U937. Effect on iron uptake and release.
Brock, JH; Ismail, M, 1993
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) did not inhibit proliferation of indicator HT-2 cells to IL-2 suggesting lack of interference with IL-2/IL-2R interaction by LF."( Lactoferrin inhibits proliferative response and cytokine production of TH1 but not TH2 cell lines.
Kapp, JA; Mazurier, J; Spik, G; Zimecki, M, 1996
)
"Lactoferrin was found to inhibit binding and degradation of chylomicron remnants by fibroblasts from subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia by approximately 50%, implicating involvement of the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor."( Phagocytic degradation of chylomicron remnants by fibroblasts from subjects with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia.
Harada-Shiba, M; Kawaguchi, A; Mamo, JC; Smith, D; Yamamoto, A; Yamamura, T; YU, KC, 1997
)
"Lactoferrin displays potential as an adjunctive agent to vancomycin in the treatment of S. "( Lactoferrin increases the susceptibility of S. epidermidis biofilms to lysozyme and vancomycin.
Leitch, EC; Willcox, MD, 1999
)
"Lactoferrin (LFR) plays an important role in the anti-microbial defense through iron binding, lipopolysaccharide binding and immunomodulation. "( Inhibition of listeriolysin O-induced hemolysis by bovine lactoferrin.
Amano, F; Inoue, S; Koura, M; Moriishi, K, 1999
)
"Lactoferrin displays antiviral activity against both DNA- and RNA-viruses, including rotavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, herpes viruses and HIV."( Antiviral activities of lactoferrin.
Beljaars, L; Harmsen, MC; Meijer, DK; Molema, G; van der Strate, BW, 2001
)
"The lactoferrin-induced increase in Isc was not altered by amiloride, indomethacin, or propranolol but was abolished by diphenylamine-2-carboxylate or substitution of Cl with iodide in the medium."( Stimulation of Cl secretion by lactoferrin across canine airway epithelial cells in culture.
Chiyotani, A; Kanemura, T; Konno, K; Takeuchi, S; Tamaoki, J; Yamauchi, F, 1992
)
"Lactoferrin was shown to inhibit the complement-dependent solubilization of immune precipitates with kinetics resembling that seen by others using C2 deficient serum."( The effect of lactoferrin on complement mediated modulation of immune complex size.
Kijlstra, A; Kulics, J, 1987
)

Treatment

Lactoferrin treatment led to a 10-fold reduction in the final virus titers (salivary glands) at 4 weeks after infection in the immunocompromised rats. Lact oferrin treated BCG-infected BMMs were able to stimulate an increase in IFN-gamma production from CD3(+) splenocytes.

ExcerptReference
"Lactoferrin treatment at 10-500 μg/ml significantly decreased the lipid content, as revealed by the oil red O and Nile red staining. "( Lactoferrin regulates sebogenesis and inflammation in SZ95 human sebocytes and mouse model of acne.
Cui, W; Su, YT; Zhang, AP; Zouboulis, CC, 2023
)
"Talactoferrin pretreatment significantly reduced the biological activity of T/HS lymph on respiratory burst activity and RBC deformability, but had no effect on the lymph cell count or endothelial cell permeability."( Oral pretreatment with recombinant human lactoferrin limits trauma-hemorrhagic shock-induced gut injury and the biological activity of mesenteric lymph.
Chandler, B; Deitch, EA; Feketova, E; Qin, Y; Quackenbush, EJ; Son, JY, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin-treated group showed the highest ALP activity as opposed to the other groups which were untreated."( Effect of lactoferrin on odontogenic differentiation of stem cells derived from human 3rd molar tooth germ.
Sahin, F; Taşlı, PN, 2014
)
"Lactoferrin treatments were 0 (control), 0.5, 1, and 2 g/d of supplemental Lf."( Effects of colostrum replacer supplemented with lactoferrin on the blood plasma immunoglobulin G concentration and intestinal absorption of xylose in the neonatal calf.
Erickson, PS; Shea, EC; Whitehouse, NL, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin treatment may have beneficial preventive and therapeutic effects on infection, inflammation, and cancer as well as enhancing iron status and growth in vulnerable groups."( Nutritional roles of lactoferrin.
Lönnerdal, B, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin pretreatment of cells decreased LPS-mediated oxidative insults in a dose-dependent manner."( Lactoferrin decreases LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured cells and in animal endotoxemia model.
Actor, JK; Bacsi, A; Boldogh, I; Kruzel, ML; Radak, Z; Saavedra-Molina, A, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin treatment of differentiating ATDC5 cells promoted cell proliferation in the initial stage of the differentiation process."( Inhibitory effect of lactoferrin on hypertrophic differentiation of ATDC5 mouse chondroprogenitor cells.
Mizumachi, K; Takayama, Y, 2010
)
"Lactoferrin treatment led to a 10-fold reduction in the final virus titers (salivary glands) at 4 weeks after infection in the immunocompromised rats."( Inhibition of cytomegalovirus infection by lactoferrin in vitro and in vivo.
Bakker, HI; Beljaars, L; Harmsen, MC; Meijer, DK; Molema, G; Reker-Smit, C; van der Strate, BW; van Loenen-Weemaes, AM; Wiegmans, FC, 2004
)
"The lactoferrin group was treated with lactoferrin for 8 weeks and then with lactoferrin, interferon and ribavirin for 24 weeks; the control group was treated with interferon and ribavirin for 24 weeks."( Effect of lactoferrin in patients with chronic hepatitis C: combination therapy with interferon and ribavirin.
Adachi, Y; Fujita, N; Hamano, H; Ikoma, J; Imoto, I; Iwasa, M; Kaito, M; Kobayashi, Y; Kojima, Y; Yamauchi, K, 2007
)
"Lactoferrin treated BCG-infected BMMs were able to stimulate an increase in IFN-gamma production from presensitized CD3(+) splenocytes."( Influence of bovine lactoferrin on expression of presentation molecules on BCG-infected bone marrow derived macrophages.
Actor, JK; Hwang, SA; Kruzel, ML, 2009
)
"Lactoferrin-treated mice (1 mg, i.v.) when injected i.v."( Influence of lactoferrin feeding and injection against systemic staphylococcal infections in mice.
Bhimani, RS; Furmanski, P; Vendrov, Y, 1999
)
"Lactoferrin treatment had no significant influence on basal electrophysiological correlates of net ion secretion or glucose absorption nor on changes induced by LPS."( Lactoferrin protects gut mucosal integrity during endotoxemia induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice.
Castro, GA; Chen, CY; Harari, Y; Kruzel, ML, 2000
)
"Lactoferrin treatment did not directly dissociate the complex of IpaB and IpaC (IpaBC) once the complex had been formed."( Protective role of human lactoferrin against invasion of Shigella flexneri M90T.
Caceres, E; Cleary, TG; Diaz-Gonzalez, VA; Gomez, HF; Herrera-Insua, I; Newburg, DS; Siddiqui, MM, 2001
)
"Lactoferrin (LF) treatment was carried out in mice for up to 2 weeks at a total dose of 200 micrograms per mouse."( Effects of purified iron-saturated human lactoferrin on spleen morphology in mice infected with Friend virus complex.
Broxmeyer, HE; Chen, LT; Lu, L, 1987
)
"Treatment with lactoferrin decreased serum levels of creatinine, BUN, uric acid, KIM-1, ALP, AST, and LDH and reversed carfilzomib-induced histological changes in both kidney and lung. "( Lactoferrin ameliorates carfilzomib-induced renal and pulmonary deficits: Insights to the inflammasome NLRP3/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/MAPK axes.
Ali, AE; Anber, NH; George, MY; Habib, CN, 2023
)
"Pretreatment of lactoferrin suppressed hydrogen peroxide-induced senescence of hMSCs."( Lactoferrin Protects Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Oxidative Stress-Induced Senescence and Apoptosis.
Chung, JW; Jeong, AJ; Jo, A; Kim, GY; Lee, JE; Leem, SH; Park, SY; Ye, SK; Yoon, JH, 2017
)
"Upon treatment with lactoferrin, the increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (p < 0.05), NO generation rate by inducible NO-synthase (p < 0.05) and the level of "free" iron (p < 0.05) were observed. "( Influence of exogenous lactoferrin on the oxidant/antioxidant balance and molecular profile of hormone receptor-positive and -negative human breast cancer cells in vitro.
Borikun, TV; Burlaka, AP; Chekhun, VF; Lukashevich, VS; Lukianova, NY; Rudnichenko, YA; Shvets, YV; Storchai, DM; Todor, IM; Zalutskii, IV, 2017
)
"Mice treated with lactoferrin postchallenge had significantly fewer and smaller granulomas compared with those given TDM alone."( Lactoferrin modulation of mycobacterial cord factor trehalose 6-6'-dimycolate induced granulomatous response.
Actor, JK; Hunter, RL; Hwang, SA; Kruzel, ML; Welsh, KJ, 2010
)
"Treatment with lactoferrin was beneficial when infection was initiated with cell-free virus, but not with virus-infected leukocytes."( Inhibition of cytomegalovirus infection by lactoferrin in vitro and in vivo.
Bakker, HI; Beljaars, L; Harmsen, MC; Meijer, DK; Molema, G; Reker-Smit, C; van der Strate, BW; van Loenen-Weemaes, AM; Wiegmans, FC, 2004
)
"Heat-treated lactoferrin, inactive in vitro, was inactive in vivo, but iron-depleted (apo-) lactoferrin, inactive in vitro, was active in vivo, suggesting that the apo-lactoferrin acquired the iron in vivo that was necessary to change it into an active form."( Suppression of mouse myelopoiesis by administration of human lactoferrin in vivo and the comparative action of human transferrin.
Broxmeyer, HE; Gentile, P, 1983
)
"Pretreatment of lactoferrin to the macrophages, however, did not show any inhibitory effects."( Growth inhibitory effects of bovine lactoferrin to Toxoplasma gondii parasites in murine somatic cells.
Igarashi, I; Omata, Y; Saito, A; Shimazaki, K; Suzuki, N; Tanaka, T, 1996
)
"Posttreatment with lactoferrin did not inhibit the extent of corneal damage and did not affect wound healing. "( Lactoferrin protects against UV-B irradiation-induced corneal epithelial damage in rats.
Endo, K; Fujihara, T; Nagano, T; Nakamura, M; Nakata, K, 2000
)
"Heat-treated lactoferrin, treated at pH 2.0 and 120 degrees C for 15 min and degree of hydrolysis of about 10%, had no Fe-binding capacity (0%) and less antigenicity (about 10(-6) than untreated lactoferrin."( Potent bactericidal activity of bovine lactoferrin hydrolysate produced by heat treatment at acidic pH.
Miyakawa, H; Saito, H; Shimamura, S; Tamura, Y; Tomita, M, 1991
)

Toxicity

High concentrations of lactoferrin seem to be toxic for the CD56bright NK cells. Acute oral toxicity test indicated that rh LF was no toxic effect during the observation period.

ExcerptReference
"Myelotoxicity remains a significant dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy contributing to the morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing treatment for cancer."( Approaches to ablating the myelotoxicity of chemotherapy.
Epremian, BE; Gentile, P, 1987
)
" High concentrations of lactoferrin seem to be toxic for the CD56bright NK cells and decrease NK cell cytotoxicity."( Effects of human lactoferrin on NK cell cytotoxicity against haematopoietic and epithelial tumour cells.
Boilly-Marer, Y; Damiens, E; Duthille, I; el Yazidi, I; Masson, M; Mazurier, J; Spik, G, 1998
)
" Throughout the administration period, there were no deaths caused by administration of the test compound, nor were there any adverse effects noted in the general condition of the animals."( 13-Week oral repeated administration toxicity study of bovine lactoferrin in rats.
Hayasawa, H; Kusuoka, O; Nagano, E; Nishimura, S; Shimamura, S; Teraguchi, S; Toida, T; Tomita, M; Yamauchi, K, 2000
)
" Adverse events occurred in 25/26 patients and mainly consisted of (grade I/II) fever (29%) and allergic reactions (19%)."( Treatment of relapsed B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a combination of chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (rituximab) and G-CSF: final report on safety and efficacy.
Baars, JW; Grillo-López, AJ; van der Kolk, LE; van Oers, MH, 2003
)
" The use of BMDL as a component (at not more than 2% by weight) of an antimicrobial spray was determined Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) (GRN 67) for three proposed uses (i."( Safety determination for the use of bovine milk-derived lactoferrin as a component of an antimicrobial beef carcass spray.
Berner, T; Brock, J; Kruger, C; Murphy, M; Taylor, S, 2004
)
" No clinically significant adverse events or laboratory abnormalities occurred."( Safety and efficacy of a milk-derived extract in the treatment of plaque psoriasis: an open-label study.
Aattouri, N; Gauthier, SF; Lamiot, E; Poulin, Y; Pouliot, Y, 2005
)
" The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) is greater than 1800mg/kg/day for apo-rhLF and 360mg/kg/day for rhLZ."( 28-Day repeated dose oral toxicity of recombinant human apo-lactoferrin or recombinant human lysozyme in rats.
Bethell, D; Cerven, D; DeGeorge, G, 2008
)
" The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) is greater than 1000 mg/kg/day."( 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity of recombinant human holo-lactoferrin in rats.
Bethell, D; Cerven, D; DeGeorge, G, 2008
)
"Studies were undertaken to determine whether bovine lactoferrin (bLF) and related compounds, shown to prevent carcinogenesis in the colon and other organs in rats, have any toxic effects in long-term feeding studies."( Lack of chronic oral toxicity of chemopreventive bovine lactoferrin in F344/DuCrj rats.
Iigo, M; Sekine, K; Takase, M; Tamano, S; Tsuda, H; Yamauchi, K,
)
" The side-effect profile is very favourable for an antimicrobial, the only undesirable effect being a possible elevation of transaminases, which may be related to hLF1-11 although the current data do not allow conclusive interpretation of treatment relationship."( Safety and tolerability of the antimicrobial peptide human lactoferrin 1-11 (hLF1-11).
Blijlevens, NM; Donnelly, JP; van Iersel, TM; Velden, WJ, 2009
)
" There were no episodes of apnea, bradycardia, hypotension, or other adverse effects associated with the administration of colostrum."( A pilot study to determine the safety and feasibility of oropharyngeal administration of own mother's colostrum to extremely low-birth-weight infants.
Engstrom, JL; Fogg, L; Groer, MW; Meier, PP; Rodriguez, NA; Zeller, JM, 2010
)
" The results of the present study are consistent with previous research, which indicates that milk powder containing rhLF derived from healthy transgenic cloned cattle is as safe as conventional milk powder."( A 90-day safety study in Sprague-Dawley rats fed milk powder containing recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF) derived from transgenic cloned cattle.
Che, HL; Chen, XP; He, X; Huang, KL; Sun, H; Wang, JW; Yu, T; Zhou, C, 2011
)
" Therefore, there was no sign of toxic and adverse effects for hLf rice on rats."( [Nutritional components and sub-chronic toxicity of genetically modified rice expressing human lactoferrin].
Hu, Y; Piao, J; Yang, X, 2012
)
" The proportion of participants with adverse effects attributed to the treatment was also computed."( Nasal obstruction as a key symptom in allergic rhinitis: efficacy and safety of a medical device in children.
Bellussi, LM; Gregori, D; Lauriello, M; Passali, D; Passali, FM; Passali, GC,
)
"001), while only 9 patients suffered adverse effects (itch, burning sensation, dryness)."( Nasal obstruction as a key symptom in allergic rhinitis: efficacy and safety of a medical device in children.
Bellussi, LM; Gregori, D; Lauriello, M; Passali, D; Passali, FM; Passali, GC,
)
"Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a synthetic estrogen associated with adverse effects on reproductive organs."( Diethylstilbestrol (DES)-stimulated hormonal toxicity is mediated by ERα alteration of target gene methylation patterns and epigenetic modifiers (DNMT3A, MBD2, and HDAC2) in the mouse seminal vesicle.
Burns, KA; Hamilton, KJ; Korach, KS; Lai, AY; Li, L; Li, Y; Wade, PA, 2014
)
" Possible maternal, foetal, and neonatal adverse effects were assessed."( Safety and efficacy of lactoferrin versus ferrous sulphate in curing iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in hereditary thrombophilia pregnant women: an interventional study.
Benedetti, S; Berlutti, F; Frioni, A; Pacifici, E; Paesano, R; Polimeni, A; Valenti, P, 2014
)
"Despite the availability of a number of pharmacological options, relief of allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms, especially nasal obstruction, is often limited and local and systemic adverse reactions are not infrequent."( Efficacy and safety of a medical device in reducing nasal obstruction in allergic children.
Bellussi, LM; Cambi, J; Loglisci, M; Passali, D; Passali, FM, 2015
)
" Proportion of participants with adverse effects attributed to the treatment was computed."( Efficacy and safety of a medical device in reducing nasal obstruction in allergic children.
Bellussi, LM; Cambi, J; Loglisci, M; Passali, D; Passali, FM, 2015
)
"001), while only 1 patient suffered from moderate adverse effects."( Efficacy and safety of a medical device in reducing nasal obstruction in allergic children.
Bellussi, LM; Cambi, J; Loglisci, M; Passali, D; Passali, FM, 2015
)
" Thus, the nanoformulation are safe for the target specific drug delivery."( Improved Safety, Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Zidovudine through Lactoferrin Nanoparticles during Oral Administration in Rats.
C, B; Golla, K; Kondapi, AK; Kumar, P; Lakshmi, YS, 2015
)
" No adverse events were observed during the trial."( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the efficacy and safety of lactoferrin with vitamin E and zinc as an oral therapy for mild to moderate acne vulgaris.
Chan, G; Chan, H; Co, JK; Dee, K; Santos, J, 2017
)
"Acute oral toxicity test indicated that rh LF was no toxic effect during the observation period, mouse acute oral LD50 of recombinant human lactoferrin was greater than 20 000 mg/kg."( [Acute oral toxicity and 90 days feeding test of recombinant human lactoferrin].
Dai, Y; Fang, R; Liu, S; Wang, J; Yang, X; Yu, T; Zhou, Q, 2018
)
"According to the acute toxic dose graduation standard, rh LF was nonpoisonous."( [Acute oral toxicity and 90 days feeding test of recombinant human lactoferrin].
Dai, Y; Fang, R; Liu, S; Wang, J; Yang, X; Yu, T; Zhou, Q, 2018
)
" Importantly, Lf administration is highly tolerated and does not present significant adverse effects."( Lactoferrin's Anti-Cancer Properties: Safety, Selectivity, and Wide Range of Action.
Bonaccorsi di Patti, MC; Cutone, A; Ianiro, G; Lepanto, MS; Musci, G; Rosa, L; Valenti, P, 2020
)
"In this era of immune checkpoint inhibitors, inflammatory adverse events of anti-cancer therapies continue to pose a major challenge."( Dexamethasone and lactoferrin induced PMN-MDSCs relieved inflammatory adverse events of anti-cancer therapy without tumor promotion.
Chen, J; Chen, YJ; Jiang, N; Li, X; Qiao, YD; Wu, XY; Xing, YF; Zhao, LY, 2021
)
"Several epidemiological studies regarding the adverse effect of air pollution have notably accelerated in recent years."( Lactoferrin attenuated urban particulate matter-induced nephrotoxicity by regulating the CSF2/CENPE axis.
Chiu, HW; Chiu, YJ; Chou, CL; Lee, YH; Liu, WC, 2023
)

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReference
" AZT-lactonano causes the improvement of pharmacokinetic profile as compared to soluble AZT; a more than 4 fold increase in AUC and AUMC in male and female rats."( Improved Safety, Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Zidovudine through Lactoferrin Nanoparticles during Oral Administration in Rats.
C, B; Golla, K; Kondapi, AK; Kumar, P; Lakshmi, YS, 2015
)
" Both HSA fusion proteins, especially HSA-hLF, displayed improved pharmacokinetic properties despite the lower protein stability of HSA-hLF."( Albumin fusion at the N-terminus or C-terminus of human lactoferrin leads to improved pharmacokinetics and anti-proliferative effects on cancer cell lines.
Baba, J; Kagaya, S; Kobayashi, N; Murata, D; Nakamura, M; Ohashi, A; Sato, A; Shiga, Y; Shimizu, M; Suzuki, T; Takeuchi, T; Ueda, K, 2020
)

Compound-Compound Interactions

Lysostaphin is shown to be synergistically bactericidal in combination with various conventional antimicrobial peptides. The aim of the present study was to test the capability of lactoferrin, combined or not combined with conventional antifungal agents.

ExcerptReference
"The effects of lactoferrin (LF), an antimicrobial protein secreted in body fluids, and its peptides in combination with azole antifungal agents were investigated by the micro-broth-dilution method in a study of Candida albicans."( Cooperative anti-Candida effects of lactoferrin or its peptides in combination with azole antifungal agents.
Abe, S; Kawase, K; Okutomi, T; Tansho, S; Wakabayashi, H; Yamaguchi, H, 1996
)
"The effect of an anti-microbial protein, calprotectin, in combination with neutrophils on the growth of Candida albicans was investigated."( Anti-Candida activity of calprotectin in combination with neutrophils or lactoferrin.
Abe, S; Mikami, M; Okutomi, T; Tanaka, T; Yamaguchi, H; Yamazaki, M; Yui, S, 1998
)
" Since lactoferrin is one of the nonspecific host defense factors present in saliva that exhibit antifungal activity, we studied the antifungal effects of human, bovine, and iron-depleted lactoferrin in combination with fluconazole, amphotericin B, and 5-fluorocytosine in vitro against clinical isolates of Candida species."( Synergistic fungistatic effects of lactoferrin in combination with antifungal drugs against clinical Candida isolates.
de Vries, HG; Eikelboom, MC; Kuipers, ME; Meijer, DK; Swart, PJ, 1999
)
"The in vitro activity of lactoferrins alone and in combination with clarithromycin, minocycline and pyrimethamine was investigated against three clinical isolates of Pneumocystis carinii."( Inhibition of growth of Pneumocystis carinii by lactoferrins alone and in combination with pyrimethamine, clarithromycin and minocycline.
Barchiesi, F; Cirioni, O; Giacometti, A; Scalise, G, 2000
)
" The aim of the present study was to test the capability of lactoferrin, combined or not combined with conventional antifungal agents, to inhibit the growth of different Candida species under various experimental conditions to be of guidance in the development of a suitable pharmaceutical formulation containing lactoferrin."( Conditions influencing the in vitro antifungal activity of lactoferrin combined with antimycotics against clinical isolates of Candida. Impact on the development of buccal preparations of lactoferrin.
Beljaars, L; De Vries, HG; Heegsma, J; Kuipers, ME; Meijer, DK; Swart, PJ; Van Beek, N; Van Den Berg, JJ, 2002
)
"The objective of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of bovine lactoferrin or lactoferricin in combination with penicillin G against Staphylococcus aureus."( Effect of lactoferrin in combination with penicillin on the morphology and the physiology of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis.
Diarra, MS; Lacasse, P; Petitclerc, D, 2002
)
" Synergy was observed between both LF or Lfcin in combination with ACV against the HSV laboratory strains."( Lactoferrin and lactoferricin inhibit Herpes simplex 1 and 2 infection and exhibit synergy when combined with acyclovir.
Andersen, JH; Gutteberg, TJ; Jenssen, H, 2003
)
" In this study, we have investigated the effects of bovine lactoferrin alone or in combination with penicillin G on the phagocytic activity of bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes against Staphylococcus aureus."( Lactoferrin against Staphylococcus aureus Mastitis. Lactoferrin alone or in combination with penicillin G on bovine polymorphonuclear function and mammary epithelial cells colonisation by Staphylococcus aureus.
Deschênes, E; Diarra, MS; Grondin, G; Lacasse, P; Lessard, N; Petitclerc, D; Talbot, BG, 2003
)
" iron, both combined with rHuEPO, for the treatment of anemia in a population of 148 advanced cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy."( Efficacy and safety of oral lactoferrin supplementation in combination with rHuEPO-beta for the treatment of anemia in advanced cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: open-label, randomized controlled study.
Gramignano, G; Macciò, A; Madeddu, C; Mantovani, G; Mulas, C; Sanna, E, 2010
)
"A two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis system was used to detect differences in protein expression between neutrophils from four patients suffering from Ag-P combined with neutrophil chemotaxis dysfunction and those from four controls."( Proteome analysis of proteins related to aggressive periodontitis combined with neutrophil chemotaxis dysfunction.
Hayashi, I; Iwata, T; Kawaguchi, H; Kurihara, H; Mizuno, N; Niitani, M; Shiba, H, 2011
)
"Four proteins, lactoferrin, caldesmon, heat shock protein 70, and stac, displayed a higher protein expression level in the neutrophils from the patients suffering from Ag-P combined with the neutrophil dysfunction than in those from the control group."( Proteome analysis of proteins related to aggressive periodontitis combined with neutrophil chemotaxis dysfunction.
Hayashi, I; Iwata, T; Kawaguchi, H; Kurihara, H; Mizuno, N; Niitani, M; Shiba, H, 2011
)
"Caldesmon may be a marker of Ag-P combined with neutrophil chemotaxis dysfunction."( Proteome analysis of proteins related to aggressive periodontitis combined with neutrophil chemotaxis dysfunction.
Hayashi, I; Iwata, T; Kawaguchi, H; Kurihara, H; Mizuno, N; Niitani, M; Shiba, H, 2011
)
" In this present study, using viable counts from suspension incubations, lysostaphin is shown to be synergistically bactericidal in combination with various conventional antimicrobial peptides, the antimicrobial protein bovine lactoferrin, a lantibiotic (nisin), and certain lipopeptides used clinically (colistin, daptomycin and polymyxin B)."( Bactericidal synergy of lysostaphin in combination with antimicrobial peptides.
Coote, PJ; Desbois, AP, 2011
)
"With an epidemic increase in obesity combined with an ageing population, chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers and venous leg ulcers are an increasing clinical concern."( Anti-biofilm efficacy of a lactoferrin/xylitol wound hydrogel used in combination with silver wound dressings.
Ammons, MC; James, GA; Ward, LS, 2011
)
"TLF, in combination with C/P, demonstrated an apparent improvement in RR, PFS, and OS in patients with previously untreated stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer and appears to enhance activity without significant additional toxicity."( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II study of oral talactoferrin in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel in previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.
Advani, SH; Bapna, A; Digumarti, R; Doval, DC; Julka, PK; Madhavan, J; Malik, R; Nag, S; Parikh, PM; Patil, S; Raman, G; Ranade, AA; Varadhachary, A; Wang, Y, 2011
)
" In combination with high pressure (HHP) treatment at 400 MPa for 10 min, antimicrobials showed a slight additional bactericidal effect, always below 1 logCFU/g."( Effect of lactoferrin and its derivatives against gram-positive bacteria in vitro and, combined with high pressure, in chicken breast fillets.
Calzada, J; Del Olmo, A; Nuñez, M, 2012
)
" OXA-48, KPC-2, KPC-3, VIM-1), with different susceptibility to colistin and other antibiotics, alone or in combination with conventional antibiotics (gentamicin, tigecycline, rifampicin, clindamycin, and clarithromycin)."( Synergistic activity of synthetic N-terminal peptide of human lactoferrin in combination with various antibiotics against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains.
Florio, W; Ghelardi, E; Lupetti, A; Morici, P; Rizzato, C; Rossolini, GM; Tavanti, A, 2017
)
"An analytical method for screening aptamers for different recognition sites in lactoferrin (Lac) molecules has been developed based on Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi), combined with the cluster classification calculation of a quasi-aptamer library strategy and molecular docking simulation analysis."( The discovery of lactoferrin dual aptamers through surface plasmon resonance imaging combined with a bioinformation analysis.
Ding, B; Jia, W; Li, Z; Lu, Z; Wang, Z; Xu, D, 2020
)
"This study compared the changes in tear inflammatory cytokine levels after intense pulsed light (IPL) combined with meibomian gland expression (MGX) (IPL group) and instant warm compresses combined with MGX (physiotherapy group) as treatments for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)-related dry eye disease (DED) to explore their similarities and differences in therapeutic mechanisms."( Response of tear cytokines following intense pulsed light combined with meibomian gland expression for treating meibomian gland dysfunction-related dry eye.
Feng, Y; Hong, J; Yu, H; Zeng, W; Zhao, G, 2022
)
" Thus, Lf combined with hypoxia intervention effectively prevents obesity and NAFLD by restoring gut microbiota composition and bile acid profile."( Protective effect and mechanism of lactoferrin combined with hypoxia against high-fat diet induced obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice.
Chen, CL; Chen, Y; He, Q; Li, YH; Qin, LQ; Wu, JX; Wu, YH; Xu, JY; Zhang, Z; Zhou, Y, 2023
)

Bioavailability

Iron is equally well absorbed from lactoferrin (whether heat-treated or untreated) and ferrous sulfate. It has been suggested that lact oferrin, the major iron-binding protein in human milk, may participate in this high iron bioavailability from milk.

ExcerptReference
" The high bioavailability of human milk iron suggests that lactoferrin (Lf), the major iron-binding protein in human milk, may be a factor contributing to iron absorption in infants."( Isolation and function of a receptor for human lactoferrin in human fetal intestinal brush-border membranes.
Kawakami, H; Lönnerdal, B, 1991
)
" It has been suggested that lactoferrin, the major iron-binding protein in human milk, may participate in this high iron bioavailability from milk."( Specific binding of lactoferrin to brush-border membrane: ontogeny and effect of glycan chain.
Davidson, LA; Lönnerdal, B, 1988
)
" This suggests that lactoferrin may play a role in the bioavailability of vanadium during lactation, as vanadium is an essential element for the growth of some animal species."( Relationships between iron and vanadium metabolism: the association of vanadium with bovine lactoferrin.
Rade, J; Sabbioni, E, 1980
)
" From these preliminary results we conclude that LF may increase iron absorption during the neonatal period, contributing to the high bioavailability of this mineral in human milk."( Iron uptake from lactoferrin by intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles of human neonates.
Rosa, G; Trugo, NM, 1994
)
" These studies provide additional insight into host defense mechanisms mediated by the restriction of the bioavailability of zinc and iron in suppurative infection."( Zinc, iron, copper, selenium, lactoferrin, and ferritin in human pus.
Bryant, RE; Crouse, R; Deagen, JT, 2004
)
"Iron is equally well absorbed from lactoferrin (whether heat-treated or untreated) and ferrous sulfate."( Absorption of iron from recombinant human lactoferrin in young US women.
Bryant, A; Lönnerdal, B, 2006
)
" The pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies indicated that nanoformulated Fe-bLf was predominantly present on tumor cells compared to non-nanoformulated Fe-bLf."( Novel alginate-enclosed chitosan-calcium phosphate-loaded iron-saturated bovine lactoferrin nanocarriers for oral delivery in colon cancer therapy.
Kanwar, JR; Kanwar, RK; Mahidhara, G, 2012
)
"The hepatic removal of triglyceride-rich chylomicrons during the postprandial phase represents an important step towards determining the bioavailability of dietary lipids amongst the peripheral tissues."( Lactoferrin and its hydrolysate bind directly to the oleate-activated form of the lipolysis stimulated lipoprotein receptor.
Ahmad, N; Akbar, S; Corbier, C; Girardet, JM; Lanhers, MC; Paris, C; Yen, FT, 2012
)
" Higher amounts of Doxo (195 µg/g) were removed through kidney, while Apodoxonano and Lactodoxonano showed only a minimal amount of removal (<40 µg/g), suggesting the extended bioavailability of Doxo when delivered through nanoformulation."( Efficacy, safety and anticancer activity of protein nanoparticle-based delivery of doxorubicin through intravenous administration in rats.
Ahmed, F; Cherukuvada, B; Golla, K; Kondapi, AK, 2012
)
"Drug delivery through nanoformulations not only minimizes the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin but also enhances the efficacy and bioavailability of the drug in a target-specific manner."( Efficacy, safety and anticancer activity of protein nanoparticle-based delivery of doxorubicin through intravenous administration in rats.
Ahmed, F; Cherukuvada, B; Golla, K; Kondapi, AK, 2012
)
" Further, role of nanobiotechnology to enhance therapeutic potential of these natural antioxidant molecules by enhancing solubility, stability, bioavailability and sustained release has been briefly discussed."( Natural antioxidant biomolecules promises future nanomedicine based therapy for cataract.
Jha, SN; Kanwar, JR; Sunkireddy, P; Yadav, SC, 2013
)
" These results are relevant for the bioactivity and bioavailability of functional foods targeting DPP-IV inhibition with potential blood glucose regulatory properties in humans."( Susceptibility of milk protein-derived peptides to dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) hydrolysis.
FitzGerald, RJ; Nongonierma, AB, 2014
)
" These findings suggest that particle encapsulation may modulate protein digestion and possibly achieve sufficient oral bioavailability of bLf."( Stability of bovine lactoferrin in luminal extracts and mucosal homogenates from rat intestine: a prelude to oral absorption.
Bunt, C; Cornish, J; Quek, SY; Wen, J; Yao, X, 2014
)
" In spite of its higher bioavailability (50-75%) the most important reason of its cessation are bone marrow suppression, anemia, neutropenia and various organs related toxicities."( Improved Safety, Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Zidovudine through Lactoferrin Nanoparticles during Oral Administration in Rats.
C, B; Golla, K; Kondapi, AK; Kumar, P; Lakshmi, YS, 2015
)
" After treatment with NCs it has substantially increased the bioavailability of the protein and showed comparatively increased levels of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide production, and Th1 cytokine which helped in parasite clearance."( Oral administration of encapsulated bovine lactoferrin protein nanocapsules against intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii.
Anand, N; Dubey, ML; Kanwar, JR; Kanwar, RK; Sehgal, R; Vasishta, RK, 2015
)
"BALB/c mice were infected with malaria parasite and efficacy of the proteins (buLf and NCs) was evaluated by measuring parasitemia, initialization, role of miRNA in absorption of NCs, parasite load by histopathology and quantitative determination, cytokine levels, bioavailability and immunohistochemistry to localize Lf protein."( Antiparasitic and immunomodulatory potential of oral nanocapsules encapsulated lactoferrin protein against Plasmodium berghei.
Anand, N; Kanwar, JR; Kanwar, RK; Sehgal, R, 2016
)
" In conclusion, ECNPs are significantly safe and exhibit higher bioavailability thus constitute an effective MPT against HIV."( Triple combination MPT vaginal microbicide using curcumin and efavirenz loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles.
Bhaskar, C; Kishore, G; Kondapi, AK; Kumar, P; Lakshmi, YS, 2016
)
"To enhance efficacy, bioavailability and reduce toxicity of first-line highly active anti-retroviral regimen, zidovudine + efavirenz + lamivudine loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles were prepared (FLART-NP) and characterized for physicochemical properties, bioactivity and pharmacokinetic profile."( Triple Drug Combination of Zidovudine, Efavirenz and Lamivudine Loaded Lactoferrin Nanoparticles: an Effective Nano First-Line Regimen for HIV Therapy.
Kondapi, AK; Kumar, P; Lakshmi, YS, 2017
)
" Decreased bioavailability and increased toxicity limit its use."( An oral formulation of efavirenz-loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles with improved biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profile.
Kondapi, AK; Kumar, P; Lakshmi, YS, 2017
)
"Compared with free EFV, lacto-EFV-nano is a promising oral nanoformulation with enhanced bioavailability and efficacy of EFV and improved safety."( An oral formulation of efavirenz-loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles with improved biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profile.
Kondapi, AK; Kumar, P; Lakshmi, YS, 2017
)
" However, the bioavailability of Lf is limited as it is susceptible to digestive enzymes in gastrointestinal tract."( Formulation for Oral Delivery of Lactoferrin Based on Bovine Serum Albumin and Tannic Acid Multilayer Microcapsules.
Antipina, MN; Haigh, B; Kilic, E; Kiryukhin, MV; Kulikov, OA; Lim, SH; Mayorova, OA; Murney, R; Novoselova, MV; Pinyaev, SI; Pyataev, NA; Sindeeva, OA; Sukhorukov, GB, 2017
)
" However, OA, a Biopharmaceutics Classification System IV category drug, has low bioavailability owing to low solubility (<1 μg/mL) and biomembrane permeability."( Preparation, characterization, and in vitro/vivo studies of oleanolic acid-loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles.
Liu, H; Lv, H; Xia, X; Zhang, J; Zhao, Z; Zhou, J, 2017
)
"The digestion, absorption, uptake and bioavailability of a rosemary supercritical fluid extract encapsulated in oil in water emulsion were studied."( In vitro uptake and immune functionality of digested Rosemary extract delivered through food grade vehicles.
Arranz, E; Corredig, M; Fornari, T; Guri, A; Mendiola, JA; Reglero, G, 2017
)
" Depending on the physicochemical species used, its bioavailability might be insufficient to meet iron requirements."( In vivo study of the effect of lactoferrin on iron metabolism and bioavailability from different iron chemical species for formula milk fortification.
Alves Peixoto, RR; Fernández-Colomer, B; Fernández-Menéndez, S; Fernández-Sánchez, ML; Sanz-Medel, A, 2018
)
" The only orally bioavailable drug miltefosine is toxic and the effective liposomal Amphotericin B (AmBisome) is limited by its prohibitive cost and requirement for parenteral administration."( Lactoferrin-modified Betulinic Acid-loaded PLGA nanoparticles are strong anti-leishmanials.
Das, S; Halder, A; Mukherjee, A; Roy, P; Saha, B; Shukla, D, 2018
)
" Recent studies indicate that the bioavailability is higher for antiretroviral drugs delivered by LFNPs than when the drugs are administered alone."( Evaluation of the reproductive toxicity of antiretroviral drug loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles.
Kondapi, AK; Madugulla, L; Ravula, AR; Yenugu, S, 2019
)
" These functions include serving as a source of amino acids, improving the bioavailability of micronutrients, including vitamins, minerals, and trace elements, providing immunologic defense, stimulating intestinal growth and maturation, shaping the microbiome, and enhancing learning and memory."( Human Milk Proteins: Composition and Physiological Significance.
Donovan, SM, 2019
)
"In vitro digestions are essential for determining the bioavailability of compounds, such as nutrients."( Digestion-on-a-chip: a continuous-flow modular microsystem recreating enzymatic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract.
Bouwmeester, H; de Haan, P; Ianovska, MA; Mathwig, K; Triantis, V; van Lieshout, GAA; Verpoorte, E, 2019
)
" Since the bioavailability of Lf in vivo is poor, a nanotechnology- based strategy to improve the biological properties of Lf was developed."( Lactoferrin in Bone Tissue Regeneration.
Dinca, V; Evans, RW; Icriverzi, M; Moisei, M; Roseanu, A; Trif, M, 2020
)
" Lf shows high bioavailability after oral administration, high selectivity toward cancer cells, and a wide range of molecular targets controlling tumor proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and metastasization."( Lactoferrin's Anti-Cancer Properties: Safety, Selectivity, and Wide Range of Action.
Bonaccorsi di Patti, MC; Cutone, A; Ianiro, G; Lepanto, MS; Musci, G; Rosa, L; Valenti, P, 2020
)
" Oral delivery is a preferable method for LF administration; however, its bioavailability is affected by protein degradation and absorption."( New insights into the systemic effects of oral lactoferrin: transcriptome profiling.
Actor, JK; Krupinska, AM; Kruzel, ML; Olszewska, P; Pazdrak, B, 2021
)
" They need to be adopted to generate a new branch of acridine conjugates, enhancing their bioavailability for the examination in biological systems."( Efficient and Short Method for Conjugation of 1-Nitro-9-Aminoacridine to Important Peptidyl Fragments by a Solid Support Synthesis.
Lahutta, M, 2021
)
" Previous reports have ascertained the antiproliferative activity of imatinib mesylate (IMS) against diverse types of carcinomas, but limited bioavailability has also been reported."( Fabrication of Imatinib Mesylate-Loaded Lactoferrin-Modified PEGylated Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles for Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Guleria, A; Kumar, P; Kumar, U; Maurya, P; Mishra, N; Nisha, R; Saha, S; Saraf, SA; Singh, P; Singh, S, 2021
)
" In our review, we discuss available studies about LF functions and bioavailability of different LF forms in in vitro and in vivo models."( Lactoferrin: an overview of its main functions, immunomodulatory and antimicrobial role, and clinical significance.
Fichna, J; Jaśkiewicz, A; Sienkiewicz, M; Tarasiuk, A, 2022
)
" Altogether, this work comprehensively reviews the structure-function relationship of Lf, its oral fate and the development of stabilization technologies for the enhancement of the oral bioavailability of Lf."( Oral fate and stabilization technologies of lactoferrin: a systematic review.
Feng, K; Hu, TG; Li, SF; Linhardt, RJ; Wei, YS; Wu, H; Zong, MH, 2022
)
"Microencapsulation helps to improve bioavailability of a functional whey protein, lactoferrin (Lf), in adults."( Surface-reacted calcium carbonate microparticles as templates for lactoferrin encapsulation.
Antipina, M; Berry, C; Broadhurst, M; Chia, CY; Harris, P; Hurford, D; Khin, YW; Kiryukhin, MV; Lau, HH; Lim, SH; Ridgway, CJ; Schoelkopf, J; Wallace, O; Weeks, M, 2021
)
" LP2 has skeletal bioavailability and is safe at the 15× osteogenic dose."( Self-Assembling Nano-Globular Peptide from Human Lactoferrin Acts as a Systemic Enhancer of Bone Regeneration: A Novel Peptide for Orthopedic Application.
Bandyopadhyay, A; Chattopadhyay, N; Ghosh, JK; Harioudh, MK; Kulkarni, C; Kumar, A; Mitra, K; Mugale, MN; Pal, S; Porwal, K; Sayeed, M; Sharma, S; Verma, DP; Verma, NK, 2021
)
" Interestingly, the sericin hydrogel showed effective protection of the rhLF from degradation in the stomach and small intestine, thus prolonging the bioactivity and bioavailability of rhLF."( Fabrication of a Silk Sericin Hydrogel System Delivering Human Lactoferrin Using Genetically Engineered Silk with Improved Bioavailability to Alleviate Chemotherapy-Induced Immunosuppression.
Ji, Y; Tan, H; Tian, C; Wang, F; Wang, R; Xia, Q; Xu, S; Yang, Q; Zhao, P, 2021
)
" Since conventional topical ophthalmic treatments present disadvantages such as low bioavailability and relevant side effects, natural alternatives constitute an unmet medical need."( Development of topical eye-drops of lactoferrin-loaded biodegradable nanoparticles for the treatment of anterior segment inflammatory processes.
Badía, J; Baldomà, L; Biancardi, M; Calpena, AC; Cano, A; Díaz, N; Espina, M; García, ML; López-Machado, A; Sánchez-López, E; Souto, EB, 2021
)
" However, free lactoferrin (LF) has highly variable oral bioavailability in humans due to potential for degradation in the stomach and small intestine."( Nanoparticular and other carriers to deliver lactoferrin for antimicrobial, antibiofilm and bone-regenerating effects: a review.
Cornish, J; Ong, R; Wen, J, 2023
)
"Curcumin (CUR) is a promising natural compound in ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment, but limited by its low oral bioavailability and poor targeting ability."( Folic acid-modified lactoferrin nanoparticles coated with a laminarin layer loaded curcumin with dual-targeting for ulcerative colitis treatment.
Ayue, S; Chang, D; Dai, L; Gao, F; He, H; Luo, R; Qi, S; Ye, N; Ye, Y; Zhao, P, 2023
)
" Further, analysis of the bioavailability of the drug in the prostate showed that DTX-LfNPs increased drug bioavailability in the prostate by two times more than the DTX."( Synergistic action of lactoferrin in enhancing the safety and effectiveness of docetaxel treatment against prostate cancer.
Jana, P; Kondapi, AK; Muj, C; Mukhopadhyay, S, 2023
)
"In conclusion, DTX-LfNPs enhance the bioavailability of DTX in the prostate along with Lf-assisted improvement in inhibition of tumor metastasis and drug-associated toxicity."( Synergistic action of lactoferrin in enhancing the safety and effectiveness of docetaxel treatment against prostate cancer.
Jana, P; Kondapi, AK; Muj, C; Mukhopadhyay, S, 2023
)
" Nonetheless, the active concentration of Lf in serum may not be sufficient at the site requiring bone regeneration, necessitating the development of various delivery strategies to enhance Lf's bioavailability and target its active concentration to the site requiring bone regeneration."( The role of lactoferrin in bone remodeling: evaluation of its potential in targeted delivery and treatment of metabolic bone diseases and orthopedic conditions.
Han, YB; Li, JL; Shi, CS; Tian, D; Tian, M; Yang, GY, 2023
)

Dosage Studied

High dosage of lactoferrin (5-100 mg/mL) inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with the 50% concentration of inhibition at 81. These results provide a proof of principle that prophylactic dosing of oral talactoferrins can potentially protect the gut in a T/HS model.

ExcerptReference
" In addition, we have compared the dose-response relationships of diferric lactoferrin and apolactoferrin."( Iron is not required in the lactoferrin stimulation of thymidine incorporation into the DNA of rat crypt enterocytes.
Huebers, HA; McKee, KS; Nichols, BL, 1990
)
" Decreases in titers of SFFV were apparent when LF was given in vivo as a single bolus dose of 200 micrograms within 2 h of the Friend virus complex (FVC), or as a total dosage of 200 micrograms given on days 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, and 11 after FVC-P, and to a lesser degree when LF was given as a total dosage of 200 micrograms on days 3, 4, 7, 9, and 11 after FVC-P."( Protective influence of lactoferrin on mice infected with the polycythemia-inducing strain of Friend virus complex.
Broxmeyer, HE; Chen, LT; Hangoc, G; Lu, L; Oliff, A; Shen, RN, 1987
)
" The extent of the inhibitory effects was proportional to dosage and the duration of treatment and could be observed following only a brief exposure (two hours) of the MDLMS to physiologic doses of the mediators."( Down regulation of myelopoiesis by mediators inhibiting the production of macrophage-derived granulomonopoietic enhancing activity (GM-EA).
Castro-Malaspina, H; Chen, LY; Ho, CK; Huang, MH; Moore, MA; Wang, RC; Wang, SY, 1988
)
" To show the inhibitory effect, it is necessary to plot the dose-response curve of medium conditioned by mononuclear cells with and without lactoferrin."( The role of lactoferrin released by phagocytosing neutrophils in the regulation of colony-stimulating activity production by human mononuclear cells.
Fletcher, J; Willars, J, 1986
)
" Evidence for the physiologic relevance of AIF as a regulator of myelopoiesis was presented, in that human AIF suppressed the numbers of CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-GEMM per femur and the cycling status of these cells in mice recovering from a sublethal dosage of Cytoxan."( Functional activities of acidic isoferritins and lactoferrin in vitro and in vivo.
Broxmeyer, HE; Cavanna, F; Cooper, S; Gentile, P; Juliano, L; Lu, L; Meyers, PA; Piacibello, W, 1984
)
" A dose-response analysis showed that as little as 10(-13) M RA produced an accumulation of 5-fold over the control, while incubation of the cells in the presence of 10(-5) M RA induced a maximal accumulation of 24-fold over the control untreated cells."( Apolipoprotein D gene induction by retinoic acid is concomitant with growth arrest and cell differentiation in human breast cancer cells.
López-Boado, YS; López-Otín, C; Tolivia, J, 1994
)
"5 mg/kg; in another 10, the systems were uncoated and the dosage of systemic heparinization was 4 mg/kg."( Reduced complement and granulocyte activation with heparin-coated cardiopulmonary bypass.
Brockmeier, V; Fagerhol, MK; Fosse, E; Johnson, E; Moen, O; Mollnes, TE; Semb, G; Venge, P, 1994
)
" A standard systemic heparin dosage was used in all patients."( Endothelin-1 and neutrophil activation during heparin-coated cardiopulmonary bypass.
Fosse, E; Lundblad, R; Moen, O, 1997
)
" Nasal explants were incubated with or without IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, eotaxin, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), IL-10, and budesonide in a time-course and dose-response fashion."( Proinflammatory cytokines and eosinophil cationic protein on glandular secretion from human nasal mucosa: regulation by corticosteroids.
Benítez, P; Bernal-Sprekelsen, M; Mullol, J; Picado, C; Roca-Ferrer, J; Shelhamer, J; Xaubet, A, 2001
)
" However, for an effective therapeutic treatment an appropriate dosage form is required."( Design and fungicidal activity of mucoadhesive lactoferrin tablets for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidosis.
Bakker, HI; de Vries-Hospers, HG; Eissens, AC; Frijlink, EW; Heegsma, J; Kuipers, ME; Meijer, DK; Swart, PJ; van den Berg, JJ,
)
" Furthermore, the systemic availability of lactoferrin after intraperitoneal dosing was determined."( The antiviral protein human lactoferrin is distributed in the body to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection-prone cells and tissues.
Bakker, HI; Beljaars, L; Duijvestijn, AM; Meijer, DK; Molema, G; Smit, C; van der Strate, BW, 2002
)
" The ability to reach the blood compartment after intraperitoneal dosing offers opportunities for parenteral administration of the protein in future studies on its antiviral effects in vivo."( The antiviral protein human lactoferrin is distributed in the body to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection-prone cells and tissues.
Bakker, HI; Beljaars, L; Duijvestijn, AM; Meijer, DK; Molema, G; Smit, C; van der Strate, BW, 2002
)
" Using an orthotopic murine model for both squamous cell carcinoma and fibrosarcoma of the floor of the mouth, we administered lactoferrin directly into the tumors using variable dosing strategies."( Lactoferrin inhibits growth of malignant tumors of the head and neck.
Li, D; O'Malley, BW; Taylor, RJ; Wolf, JS,
)
"The anti-inflammatory potential of azithromycin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients was explored following a standard oral dosing regimen."( Modulation of neutrophil and inflammation markers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by short-term azithromycin treatment.
Barisić, K; Bosnar, M; Brajsa, K; Cepelak, I; Culić, O; Cuzić, S; Eraković, V; Glojnarić, I; Manojlović, Z; Munić, V; Novak-Mircetić, R; Oresković, K; Parnham, MJ; Pavicić-Beljak, V; Popović-Grle, S; Radosević, S; Sucić, M, 2005
)
" The MCF-7 cell proliferation assay was used to investigate further the dose-response curves for the estrogenic, antiestrogenic, and aromatase inhibiting properties of fenarimol in vitro."( Estrogenic effects in vitro and in vivo of the fungicide fenarimol.
Andersen, HR; Bonefeld-Jørgensen, EC; Jarfeldt, K; Jayatissa, MN; Nielsen, F; Vinggaard, AM, 2006
)
" Moreover, pack-years of smoking showed a dose-response relationship with disease progression."( Longitudinal study of the association between smoking as a periodontitis risk and salivary biomarkers related to periodontitis.
Kataoka, K; Kibayashi, M; Kuboniwa, M; Morimoto, K; Nagata, H; Nakayama, K; Nishida, N; Shizukuishi, S; Tanaka, M, 2007
)
" In a dose-response setting in immunocompetent mice maximum bactericidal effects (10,000 times reduction) of intravenously injected (99m)Tc-hLF 1-11 was seen with 40 mg/kg whereas the same dose of orally administered (99m)Tc-hLF 1-11 induced about approximately 100 times reduction."( Various routes of administration of (99m)Tc-labeled synthetic lactoferrin antimicrobial peptide hLF 1-11 enables monitoring and effective killing of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in mice.
Brouwer, CP; Welling, MM, 2008
)
" Reduction of food intake following CNTO736 dosing is coincident with detection of the molecule in the circumventricular organs of the brain and activation of c-fos in regions protected by the blood-brain barrier."( Protein engineering strategies for sustained glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor-dependent control of glucose homeostasis.
Cunningham, MR; Drucker, DJ; Mathur, A; O'Neil, KT; Ort, T; Picha, KM; Scully, M; Soderman, A; Spinka-Doms, T; Stojanovic-Susulic, V; Thomas, BA, 2008
)
" Necropsy results were normal and microscopic evaluation showed no treatment related changes in animals dosed with 1800mg/kg/day apo-rhLF or 360mg/kg/day rhLZ."( 28-Day repeated dose oral toxicity of recombinant human apo-lactoferrin or recombinant human lysozyme in rats.
Bethell, D; Cerven, D; DeGeorge, G, 2008
)
" A significantly greater total iron binding capacity (TIBC) was detected in the blood of male animals dosed with holo-rhLF."( 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity of recombinant human holo-lactoferrin in rats.
Bethell, D; Cerven, D; DeGeorge, G, 2008
)
" Neuroprotective effects of Lf-modified NPs were examined in the 6-OHDA-lesioned PD model via a regimen of multiple dosing intravenous administrations."( Neuroprotection in a 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned Parkinson model using lactoferrin-modified nanoparticles.
Han, L; Huang, R; Jiang, C; Ke, W; Li, J; Pei, Y; Ren, F, 2009
)
" Five injections of Lf-modified NPs loading hGDNF exhibited much more powerful neuroprotection than a single injection, indicating the effectiveness and feasibility of multiple dosing administrations."( Neuroprotection in a 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned Parkinson model using lactoferrin-modified nanoparticles.
Han, L; Huang, R; Jiang, C; Ke, W; Li, J; Pei, Y; Ren, F, 2009
)
" A lower dose is recommended for the forthcoming multiple dosing studies in HSCT patients."( Safety and tolerability of the antimicrobial peptide human lactoferrin 1-11 (hLF1-11).
Blijlevens, NM; Donnelly, JP; van Iersel, TM; Velden, WJ, 2009
)
"The neuroprotective effects were examined in a rotenone-induced chronic rat model of PD after treatment with NPs encapsulating human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor gene (hGDNF) via a regimen of multiple dosing intravenous administration."( Gene therapy using lactoferrin-modified nanoparticles in a rotenone-induced chronic Parkinson model.
Feng, L; Huang, R; Jiang, C; Ke, W; Liu, Y; Pei, Y; Wu, D, 2010
)
" Furthermore, the in vivo efficacy was evaluated from anti-inflammatory effect using rats with carrageenan-induced edema, in which dosing was performed intragastrically at 50 mg LF eq."( Preparation of chitosan/alginate/calcium complex microparticles loaded with lactoferrin and their efficacy on carrageenan-induced edema in rats.
Koyama, K; Machida, Y; Onishi, H; Sakata, O, 2010
)
" The results showed that native and recombinant human lactoferrins might be used for the development of intravenous and intracavitary dosage forms, while the native bovine lactoferrin could be useful in development of oral drugs."( [In vitro study of antimicrobial activity of lactoferrins from various sources].
Bezborodova, OA; Grammatikova, NE; Iakubovskaia, RI; Naroditskiĭ, BS; Nemtsova, ER; Rezvan, SP; Tutykhina, IL, 2010
)
" As LF is degraded rapidly in the body due to enzymatic hydrolysis, high amounts or frequent dosing is required; an appropriate delivery system may improve these problems and increase its efficiency."( Lactoferrin delivery systems: approaches for its more effective use.
Onishi, H, 2011
)
" DMH was given to fish by intraperitoneal injection in a dosage of 15 mg/kg body weight once a week for 6 weeks."( [Chemopreventive effects of 5-fluorouracil and lactoferrin on goldfish intestinal carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine].
Kakuta, I; Takase, K, 2011
)
" Oral TLF or placebo was administered for a maximum of three 14-week cycles with dosing for 12 consecutive weeks followed by 2 weeks off."( Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study of single-agent oral talactoferrin in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer that progressed after chemotherapy.
Advani, SH; Bapna, A; Digumarti, R; Ismail, PM; Madhavan, J; Malik, R; Nag, S; Parikh, PM; Patil, S; Sekhon, JS; Vaid, A; Varadhachary, A; Wang, Y; Zhu, J, 2011
)
"Incidences and onsets of at least grade 1 and at least grade 2 diarrhea were not improved on BID dosing compared with QD dosing."( A double-blind, randomized, multiple-dose, parallel-group study to characterize the occurrence of diarrhea following two different dosing regimens of neratinib, an irreversible pan-ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Abbas, R; Hug, BA; Leister, C; Sonnichsen, D, 2012
)
" The dose-response study indicated that the lowest effective concentration of PXL01 was 20 mg/mL."( Effect of lactoferrin peptide (PXL01) on rabbit digit mobility after flexor tendon repair.
Ekström, L; Håkansson, J; Mahlapuu, M; Olmarker, K; Wiig, M, 2012
)
"On day 5 post-inoculation BAL RSV loads, lung inflammation and serum innate, Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine concentrations showed no differences between RSV infected mice treated with bLF and RSV infected but untreated mice independent of bLF dosing and administration route (p>0."( Lack of effect of bovine lactoferrin in respiratory syncytial virus replication and clinical disease severity in the mouse model.
Gomez, AM; Gualdi, L; Mejias, A; Mertz, S; Ramilo, O; Wittke, A, 2013
)
"Male rats were orally dosed with vehicle or talactoferrin (1000 mg/kg, every day) for 5 d before being subjected to T/HS or trauma-sham shock (T/SS)."( Oral pretreatment with recombinant human lactoferrin limits trauma-hemorrhagic shock-induced gut injury and the biological activity of mesenteric lymph.
Chandler, B; Deitch, EA; Feketova, E; Qin, Y; Quackenbush, EJ; Son, JY, 2014
)
"These results provide a proof of principle that prophylactic dosing of oral talactoferrin can potentially protect the gut in a T/HS model and limit the production of biologically active factors in rat gastrointestinal tissue subjected to ischemia-reperfusion-type injuries."( Oral pretreatment with recombinant human lactoferrin limits trauma-hemorrhagic shock-induced gut injury and the biological activity of mesenteric lymph.
Chandler, B; Deitch, EA; Feketova, E; Qin, Y; Quackenbush, EJ; Son, JY, 2014
)
" The aim of the present study is to determine whether oral LF at a dosage of 200 mg/d reduces nosocomial sepsis episodes and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants and to evaluate the possible effects of LF on Treg levels."( Oral lactoferrin to prevent nosocomial sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis of premature neonates and effect on T-regulatory cells.
Akin, IM; Arsan, S; Atasay, B; Dogu, F; Ikinciogullari, A; Karatas, HD; Okulu, E; Turmen, T, 2014
)
" Quantitative dose-response inhibition assays confirmed an hLF-mediated and dose-dependent HCV replication reduction reaching up to 60%."( The intracellular inhibition of HCV replication represents a novel mechanism of action by the innate immune Lactoferrin protein.
Bisaillon, M; Bouchard, S; Larivée, G; Picard-Jean, F, 2014
)
" Further, the poor pharmacokinetic profile due to non-selective distribution to organs other than brain reduces the efficacy of dosage regimen."( Protein-functionalized PLGA nanoparticles of lamotrigine for neuropathic pain management.
Kolate, A; Lalani, J; Lalani, R; Misra, A; Patil, S, 2015
)
" Clarifications regarding optimum dosing regimens, type of lactoferrin (human or bovine), and long-term outcomes are still needed."( Oral lactoferrin for the prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants.
Abrams, SA; Pammi, M, 2015
)
" We will discuss the emerging role of these biomarkers in the IBD management landscape including FC-guided drug dosing and the development of home-based testing and e-health applications."( Calprotectin or Lactoferrin: Do They Help.
Wright, EK, 2016
)
" Tear protein analysis included dosage of total tear protein (TP), lysozyme-C (LYS-C), lactoferrin (LACTO), zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG-2), IgA heavy chain bands (Ig-A), and serum albumin (ALB)."( Intolerant contact lens wearers exhibit ocular surface impairment despite 3 months wear discontinuation.
Blalock, W; Fresina, M; Giannaccare, G; Vagge, A; Versura, P, 2016
)
" Clarification regarding optimal dosing regimens, types of lactoferrin (human or bovine), and long-term outcomes is needed."( Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants.
Pammi, M; Suresh, G, 2017
)
" Cell proliferation test showed that high dosage of lactoferrin (5-100 mg/mL) inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with the 50% concentration of inhibition at 81."( Lactoferrin Exerts Antitumor Effects by Inhibiting Angiogenesis in a HT29 Human Colon Tumor Model.
Li, HY; Li, M; Luo, CC; Wang, JQ; Zheng, N, 2017
)
" We therefore hypothesize a combinatorial antioxidant-metal-chelator approach by formulating a single dosage form that has the ability to prevent the formation of free radicals, plaques and accumulation of iron in the brain."( Hypothesis: apo-lactoferrin-Galantamine Proteo-alkaloid Conjugate for Alzheimer's disease Intervention.
Akilo, OD; Choonara, YE; du Toit, LC; Kumar, P; Pillay, V; Pradeep, P, 2018
)
"5 gm /head (group 2), a combination of both treatments using the same dosing regimens (group 3), and (group 4) received only 10 mL of isotonic saline and was considered as a control group."( Potential immune modulating properties and antioxidant activity of supplementing commercially available lactoferrin and/or Lactobacillus sp. in healthy Ossimi lambs.
Abdelhamid, F; Ateya, A; El-Ashker, M; Risha, E, 2018
)
" It also shows certain anti-tumor activity, but its clinical application in tumor therapy is limited because high dosage is required."( M860, a Monoclonal Antibody against Human Lactoferrin, Enhances Tumoricidal Activity of Low Dosage Lactoferrin via Granzyme B Induction.
Dong, HL; Gao, XM; Gong, FY; Gong, Z; Li, J; Li, Y; Ma, SY; Ma, ZH; Pan, XH; Wang, HM, 2019
)
"Administration of OC by syringe and higher cumulative dose are associated with increased absorption of sIgA and lactoferrin, and early dosing may contribute to a more diverse tracheal microbiome."( Early oral colostrum administration in preterm infants.
Brewer, M; Codipilly, C; Maffei, D; Schanler, RJ; Weinberger, B, 2020
)
" The existing dosage of HupA lacks brain selectivity and can cause serious side effects in the gastrointestinal and peripheral cholinergic systems."( The Optimization Design Of Lactoferrin Loaded HupA Nanoemulsion For Targeted Drug Transport Via Intranasal Route.
Ding, Z; Han, T; Jiang, Y; Liu, C; Zhai, W; Zhuang, N, 2019
)
" In the second (main) group, this treatment is supplemented with the use of Fibraxin, at a dosage of 6g 1 time per day, the observation period is 4 weeks."( [Prospects for stimulation in early rehabilitation of patients and restoration of bowel function after proctological operations].
Groshilin, VS; Lukash, YV; Martynov, DV; Shvetsov, VK; Tsygankov, PV, 2019
)
" To minimize these detrimental effects of iron, it is important to provide the lowest effective dosage and maximize fractional iron absorption."( Global look at nutritional and functional iron deficiency in infancy.
Zimmermann, MB, 2020
)
" When resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shrimp is considered, high dosage of Bovine lactoferricin showed a better effect than low dosage of Bovine lactoferricin."( Effect of bovine lactoferricin on the growth performance, digestive capacity, immune responses and disease resistance in Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei.
Huang, H; Liu, XL; Wang, NA; Zhong, GF; Zhuang, Y, 2022
)
" This report describes fragmentation patterns of bLF dosed vaginally in clinical trials or incubated ex vivo with VF."( Characterization of proteolytic degradation products of vaginally administered bovine lactoferrin.
Athanasiou, Z; Blackmore, RS; Gelbfish, GA; Hopp, TP; Matthews, MH; Spiewak, K, 2022
)
"Biological macromolecules, especially therapeutic proteins, are delicate and highly sensitive to denaturation from stresses encountered during the manufacture of dosage forms."( Aggregation of Lactoferrin Caused by Droplet Atomization Process via a Two-Fluid Nozzle: The Detrimental Effect of Air-Water Interfaces.
Chrostowski, RR; Cui, Z; Dao, HM; Mangolini, F; Moon, C; Sahakijpijarn, S; Williams, RO, 2022
)
"10 mS/cm, while their mobility in the injectable dosage form was measured at - 3."( Design and characterization of Lactotransferrin peptide-loaded dextran-docosahexaenoic acid nanoparticles: an immune modulator for hepatic damage.
Almoshari, Y; Alshammari, A; Bakkari, MA; Madkhali, OA; Moni, SS; Shaheen, ES; Sultan, MH, 2023
)
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (6,422)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19901013 (15.77)18.7374
1990's1325 (20.63)18.2507
2000's1585 (24.68)29.6817
2010's1823 (28.39)24.3611
2020's676 (10.53)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials280 (4.18%)5.53%
Reviews671 (10.03%)6.00%
Case Studies48 (0.72%)4.05%
Observational10 (0.15%)0.25%
Other5,683 (84.92%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (90)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Lactoferrin Versus Ferrous Sulfate in Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Female Medical Ain Shams Students[NCT03940430]Phase 2/Phase 390 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-09-10Completed
Effect of Administration of Combined Enteral Lactoferrin and Probiotic On Invasive Fungal Infections In Preterm Neonates[NCT05283278]Phase 180 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-02-10Completed
Pilot Study: Lactoferrin for Prevention of Neonatal Sepsis[NCT01264536]Phase 2190 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-12-31Completed
Improved Respiratory Infection Outcomes Associated With Lactoferrin Fortified a2 Growing up Formula Consumption in Children of 2 to 3 Year Old: a Randomized, Open Label Trial[NCT05670678]160 participants (Anticipated)Observational2022-12-13Recruiting
XIGO Effectiveness Study: An Investigation of the Safety and Efficacy of Oral XIGO Tablets on Patients Diagnosed With the Common Cold[NCT01092039]140 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-03-31Completed
Oral Lactoferrin Prophylaxis to Prevent Sepsis and Necrotising Enterocolitis of Very Low Birth Weight Neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Effect on T-regulatory Cells.[NCT01287507]60 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-12-31Completed
the Effectiveness of Lactoferrin in Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children With Chronic Tonsillitis[NCT03748043]Phase 4100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-02-21Recruiting
Epidemiology, Clinical Evaluation of Black Stains and Patients' Dietary Habits: a Clinical Trial.[NCT04865796]45 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-05-15Completed
A Phase III Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Recombinant Human Lactoferrin Administered Orally for the Prevention of Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea in Adult Patients[NCT01382199]Phase 3340 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-09-30Not yet recruiting
A Pilot Study of Lactoferrin Among Patients Reporting Taste or Smell Abnormalities After COVID-19[NCT05760079]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-06-30Withdrawn(stopped due to difficult to coordinate between all of the different support systems needed across various departments)
Supplementation With Lactoferrin in Preterm Newborns[NCT01172236]Phase 41,300 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-01-31Completed
Clinical Trial for Valuation of the Effectiveness of Lactoferrine in the Prevention of Sepsis in New Premature Born. Bimonitorization of the Antinflammatory Mechanisms, Antioxidants and the Intestinal Microbiote.[NCT03472170]120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-05-04Recruiting
Lactoferrin Versus Ferrous Fumarate for Treatment of Mild to Moderate Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy[NCT03484845]Phase 1/Phase 2150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-11-01Not yet recruiting
The Effect of Apo- and Holo-Lactoferrin and Dosing Regimen on Iron Absorption From a Maize-based Porridge in Kenyan Infants[NCT03617575]25 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-12-11Completed
Interventional Pilot Study to Assess the Use of Oral and Intra-nasal Liposomal Lactoferrin in COVID-19 Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Disease and in COVID-19 Asymptomatic Patients[NCT04475120]Phase 2/Phase 392 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-04-15Completed
Is the Naturally Occurring Prebiotic Lactoferrin an Acceptable Alternative to Antibiotic/Antifungal Tablets for Women With Bacterial Vaginosis or Thrush?[NCT05434104]114 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-10-31Not yet recruiting
Lactoferrin for Prevention of Sepsis in Infants[NCT01525316]Phase 3414 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-31Completed
The Effect of Orally Administered Iron-saturated Lactoferrin on Systemic Iron Homeostasis in Pregnant Women Suffering From Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anaemia[NCT03481790]Phase 2200 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-09-01Completed
Effect of Enteral Bovine Lactoferrin on Neurobehavioral Performance of Preterm Infants[NCT06015828]80 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-09-20Completed
Can Bovine Lactoferrin Prevent Neonatal Infections in Low Birth Weight Babies in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.[NCT03431558]Phase 3300 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-05-01Recruiting
Study the Efficacy of Lactoferrin in Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Either With Standard Triple Therapy or Sequential Therapy in Egyptian Patients[NCT04445948]Phase 4400 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-11-30Completed
Effect of Daily Bovine Lactoferrin Supplementation on Fetal Development and Iron Metabolism in Healthy Pregnant Women: A Randomized Double-blind Controlled Trial[NCT03122938]120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-04-30Enrolling by invitation
Role of Oral Lactoferrin in Prevention of Recurnt Bacterial Vaginosis in Third Trimester of Pregnancy[NCT05669963]Phase 2/Phase 366 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-07-01Recruiting
Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Liposomal Iron, Oral Iron Supported Lactoferrin and IV Iron Dextran in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease[NCT05714176]Phase 490 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-02-01Not yet recruiting
A Comparative Study Between Lactoferrin Versus Ferrous Sulfate in Iron-deficiency During Pregnancy[NCT03759353]Phase 298 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-01-15Completed
Fetal Brain Care: Therapies for Brain Neurodevelopment in Fetal Growth Restriction[NCT05038462]304 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-01-18Recruiting
[NCT02843984]60 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-03-31Completed
A Pilot Study of Bovine Lactoferrin in Cancer Patients Reporting Taste Disturbances While Receiving Chemotherapy[NCT01941810]14 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-28Completed
Outcome of Oral Lactoferrin in Comparison to Amino Acid Chelated Iron and Ferrous Sulphate Supplementation During Pregnancy: A Randomized Control Trial[NCT03542825]Phase 4300 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-01-01Completed
Comparison of Lactoferrin vs Traditional Iron Therapy for Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia in School-age Children.[NCT04435574]Phase 490 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-09-05Completed
Effect of Infant Formula With Bovine Lactoferrin and Low Iron Concentration on Infant Health and Immune Function[NCT02103205]252 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-06-30Active, not recruiting
Clinical Research to Study the Effect of Lactoferrin Versus Placebo in Improving Clinical Outcomes in ICU Patients, a Double-blinded RCT[NCT05936528]Phase 4650 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-11-01Not yet recruiting
Effect of Lactoferrin Supplementation on Urinary Tract Infections in Infants: a Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial.[NCT06109688]Phase 355 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-07-01Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled, Parallel-arm Trial to Assess the Effects of Lactoferrin at Two Doses vs. Active Control on Markers of Immune Function in Healthy Adults[NCT06012669]66 participants (Actual)Interventional2023-09-06Active, not recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Study to Evaluate the Impact of Lactoferrin Dietary Supplementation on Respiratory Tract Infections in an Elderly Population[NCT04713735]76 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-02-08Completed
A New Adaptive Feeding Plan for Newborns: Effects on Gut Maturity and Gut Microbiota[NCT00984230]186 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-09-30Completed
Safety and Tolerability of Lactoferrin in Very Low Birth Weight Infants[NCT02731092]Phase 130 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-04-30Recruiting
Phase 1/2 Study of Talactoferrin Oral Solution for Nosocomial Infection in Preterm Infants[NCT00854633]Phase 1/Phase 2120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-06-30Recruiting
A Phase-IIa, Double-blind, Randomized, Controlled Study on the Tolerability and Early Efficacy of hLF1-11 in Hospitalized Patients With Bacteremia Due to Staphylococcus Epidermidis[NCT00509847]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Withdrawn(stopped due to conduct (recruitment) not feasible within timeframe)
FORTIS-C: A Phase 3, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study of Oral Talactoferrin in Combination With Carboplatin and Paclitaxel as First-line Therapy in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer[NCT00706862]Phase 31,100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-02-28Recruiting
[NCT04082598]Phase 4165 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-10-01Completed
Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled Study of the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics After Single Ascending Doses or Multiple Ascending Doses of OSCN-, bLF or ALX-009 in Healthy Male and CF and Non-CF Bronchiectasis Patients[NCT02598999]Phase 192 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-30Terminated(stopped due to Financial issues)
Comparison of Gum® HydralTM Moisturizing Gel and Biotene® Oral Gel in Dry Mouth Sensation Reduction: a Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT05342272]Phase 340 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-09-22Completed
Lactoferrin Efficacy Versus Ferrous Sulfate in Treatment of Patients With Iron Deficiency Anemia[NCT04267653]Phase 496 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-01-01Completed
The Effect of Lactoferrin Versus Iron Supplement in Treating Iron Deficiency Anemia and Helping Weight Loss in Obese School Age Children[NCT04014855]Phase 450 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-10-01Completed
Influence of Vaginal Lactoferrin Administration Prior to Genetic Amniocentesis on PGE2, MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 Amniotic Fluid Concentrations[NCT02695563]Phase 2111 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-01-31Completed
Effectivness and Safety of Oral Bovine Lactoferrin in Neonatal Sepsis and Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Its Effect on Anaemia of Prematurity[NCT04094597]Early Phase 1200 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-01-01Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin for Treatment and Prophylaxis of COVID-19 Pandemic[NCT04668469]600 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-06-08Completed
A Multi-Center, Phase 2, Open Label Study of Safety and Efficacy of Oral Recombinant Human Lactoferrin (rhLF) Monotherapy in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC), Who Have Failed at Least One Regimen of Systemic Therapy for RCC[NCT00095186]Phase 240 participants Interventional2004-09-30Completed
A Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial to Determine the Efficacy of Lactoferrin for the Prevention of Nosocomial Infections.[NCT01996579]Phase 2214 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-11-30Completed
Bovine Lactoferrin in the Prevention of Antibiotic-associated Diarrhoea in Children - a Randomized Clinical Trial.[NCT02626104]Phase 2156 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-31Completed
Effect of Bovine Lactoferrin on Seroconversion Following Polio Vaccine Administration in Children: A Randomized Control Trial[NCT04432935]468 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-10-01Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Human Lactoferrin hLF1-11 for the Treatment of Infectious Complications Among Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients Part A: Clinical Study Protocol SC12: Safety of a Single Dose of 5 mg of hLF1-11 Given to Autologous Haemat[NCT00509938]Phase 1/Phase 28 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-03-31Completed
Lactoferrin Versus Total Dose Infusion (TDI) For Treating Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy: Role of Nursing[NCT03279536]Phase 1/Phase 299 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-11-01Completed
A Phase-IIa, Double-blind, Randomized Study on the Tolerability and Early Efficacy of hLF1-11 in Hospitalized Patients With Proven Candidaemia. (SLIC: Study of Lactoferrin Peptide in Infections With Candida)[NCT00509834]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-07-31Withdrawn(stopped due to Patient population not available)
[NCT02925026]235 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-10-31Completed
Efficacy of Lactoferrin as an Adjunct Therapy in Patients With Hepatic Encephalopathy[NCT06072521]Phase 245 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-10-31Not yet recruiting
Randomized, Controlled Trial - Lactoferrin Prevention of Diarrhea in Children[NCT00560222]Phase 3555 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Completed
Lactoferrin Infant Feeding Trial - LIFT_Canada[NCT03367013]Phase 3453 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-02-16Active, not recruiting
Evaluation of the Effect of Lactoferrin Versus Intravenous Iron Sucrose in Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy[NCT05921968]Phase 4100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-07-30Not yet recruiting
A Phase 2 Screening Study of Candidate Non-prescription Treatments for COVID-19: A Patient-driven, Randomized, Factorial Study Evaluating Patient-reported Outcomes (PROFACT-01)[NCT04621149]Phase 210 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-11-15Terminated(stopped due to Unable to recruit participants due to decline in COVID-19.)
Comparative Study to Evaluate the Safety and Possible Efficacy of Metformin Versus Lactoferrin in ICU Patients With[NCT06181422]Phase 2/Phase 360 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-01-31Not yet recruiting
Safety of a 0.5mg Dose of hLF1-11 Given for 10 Consecutive Days to Autologous Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients[NCT00430469]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-11-30Withdrawn(stopped due to Strategic company decision)
A Phase Ib Immunomodulatory Study of Single Agent Talactoferrin in Patients With Select Relapsed or Refractory Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Squamous Head and Neck Cancer (HNSCC)[NCT01528137]Phase 14 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-31Terminated(stopped due to Negative data from another trial led to termination of this trial by sponsor.)
Bovine Lactoferrin as a Natural Regimen of Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract in Patients With Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation[NCT01535170]280 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-09-30Recruiting
The Prospect of Lactoferrin Use as Adjunctive Agent in Management of SARS COV-2 Patients: A Randomized Pilot Study[NCT04860219]54 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-07-08Recruiting
Effect of Adding Lactoferrin to Oral Iron Supplementation for the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients[NCT05900635]Phase 460 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-10-01Recruiting
Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease: a lactofErriN piLot studY[NCT03490279]30 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-06-01Recruiting
The Effectiveness of Lactoferrin in the Management of Treatment-induced Anemia in Hematological Patients[NCT03683810]Phase 150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-01-14Recruiting
Lactoferrin With Iron Versus Iron Alone in Treatment of Anemia In Chronic Liver Disease[NCT04335058]130 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-01-01Recruiting
Oral Lactoferrin Supplementation for Prevention of Sepsis in Preterm Neonate.[NCT01821989]Early Phase 1180 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-06-30Not yet recruiting
Systematic Randomized , Single Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Early Versus Late Lactoferrin in Prevention of Neonatal Sepsis[NCT02959229]Phase 4180 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-08-31Completed
FORTIS-M: A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of Oral Talactoferrin in Addition to Best Supportive Care in Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Who Have Failed Two or More Prior Treatment Regimens[NCT00707304]Phase 3742 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-11-30Completed
Lactoferrin for Treatment of Acute COVID-19 Infection in Hospitalized Patients: a Double-blind Multicenter Placebo-controlled Randomized Trial[NCT04847791]194 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-01-14Recruiting
A Pilot Study of Bovine Lactoferrin in Patients With Colorectal Carcinoma Receiving Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy and Self-Reported Taste Disturbances[NCT01596634]12 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-31Completed
Influence of Bovine Lactoferrin on Feeding Intolerance and Intestinal Permeability in Preterm Neonates: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT04738058]Phase 160 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-12-15Active, not recruiting
Lactoferrin and Lysozyme Supplementation for Long-term Diarrhea Sequelae[NCT05519254]Phase 3150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-03-10Recruiting
Use of Recombinant Human Lactoferrin in Long-Term Care Patients With Feeding Tubes to Manage Post-Antibiotic Colonization and Infection With Clostridium Difficile[NCT00377078]30 participants Interventional2005-10-31Recruiting
Safety and Tolerability of Lactoferrin/FOS in Very Low Birth Weight Infants[NCT03163212]Early Phase 120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-06-30Not yet recruiting
Bovine Lactoferrin Versus Ferrous Sulphate In The Treatment Of Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT03202615]Phase 4130 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-09-30Recruiting
Efficacy of Lactoferrin as a Preventive Agent for Healthcare Workers Exposed to COVID-19[NCT04427865]Phase 2/Phase 3200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-07-31Not yet recruiting
Prebiotic GOS and Lactoferrin for Beneficial Gut Microbiota With Iron Supplements[NCT03866837]288 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-01-15Active, not recruiting
Recombinant Lactoferrin to Reduce Immune Activation and Coagulation Among HIV Positive Patients[NCT01830595]Phase 255 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-09-30Completed
The Clinical Research on the Efficiency of Yili Lactoferrin Shuhua Milk in the Improvement of Human Immunization[NCT01677702]240 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-03-31Completed
Clinical Assessment of Oral Lactoferrin as a Safe Antiviral and Immunoregulatory Therapy in Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19 Disease[NCT04412395]Phase 2516 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-02-01Not yet recruiting
Metallic Taste Before, During and After Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer : Etiologies and Impact on Quality of Life[NCT03558789]100 participants (Actual)Observational2018-04-26Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Lactoferrin as an Adjunct Therapeutic Agent for COVID-19[NCT04421534]Phase 2/Phase 3150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-06-30Not yet recruiting
Bovine Lactoferrin for the Prevention of COVID-19 Infection in Physicians and Nurses in Hospitals in Lima, Peru: a Double Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial (LF-COVID)[NCT04526821]Phase 2209 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-10-17Terminated(stopped due to The study was interrupted due to the arrival and distribution of the vaccine to hospital workers in Peru)
Feasibility or Oral Lactoferrin to Prevent Iron Deficiency Anemia in Obese Pregnancy[NCT04810546]40 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-02-01Enrolling by invitation
Efficacy of Lactoferrin as Adjunct Therapy for Pneumonia in Children and Adolescents[NCT05431023]72 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-08-01Not yet recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT01830595 (5) [back to overview]Activated Monocyte Phenotype (CD16+)
NCT01830595 (5) [back to overview]IL-6 & D-dimer Score Changes From Baseline to 3 Months (or Month 5 to Month 8)
NCT01830595 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants Taking Medication as Assigned
NCT01830595 (5) [back to overview]sCD163
NCT01830595 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With at Least One Side Effect, Adverse Event, and Serious Adverse Event

Activated Monocyte Phenotype (CD16+)

The change in CD16+ monocyte subsets will be compared between active and placebo treatment phases. During both the active and placebo treatment phase, all relevant time points are used in calculation of change (i.e., baseline, month 1 and month 3 for phase 1; and similarly months 5, 6 and 8 for phase 2). (NCT01830595)
Timeframe: 3 months

Interventionpercent of total monocyte population (Mean)
Placebo-0.45
Recombinant Lactoferrin-1.42

[back to top]

IL-6 & D-dimer Score Changes From Baseline to 3 Months (or Month 5 to Month 8)

"The IL-6 & D-dimer score is defined as: 0. 33*log2 IL-6 + 0.16*log2 D-dimer, where IL-6 is measured in pg/mL and D-dimer in ug/mL. Since the biomarkers are on the log2 scale, associations of risk with the IL-6 & D-dimer score are interpreted as HR(event) per doubling of IL-6 and D-dimer, or HR(event) per 20% increase in IL-6 and D-dimer; the score itself is unitless.~Among the 3766 study participants for whom the score was developed, the min was -1.7, the max was 2.5.~Higher scores are worse." (NCT01830595)
Timeframe: 3 months (Baseline to Month 3 or Month 5 to Month 8)

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Placebo-0.02
Recombinant Lactoferrin0.06

[back to top]

Number of Participants Taking Medication as Assigned

Number of participants taking medication as assigned at 3 months (NCT01830595)
Timeframe: 3 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo40
Recombinant Lactoferrin38

[back to top]

sCD163

The change in blood levels of sCD163 will be compared between active and placebo treatment phases. During both the active and placebo treatment phase, all relevant time points are used in calculation of change (i.e., baseline, month 1 and month 3 for phase 1; and similarly months 5, 6 and 8 for phase 2). (NCT01830595)
Timeframe: 3 months

Interventionmg/L (Mean)
Placebo-0.01
Recombinant Lactoferrin0.03

[back to top]

Number of Participants With at Least One Side Effect, Adverse Event, and Serious Adverse Event

Self reported side effects and/or Division of AIDS (DAIDS) criteria will be used for grading adverse events (serious and non-serious) (NCT01830595)
Timeframe: During 3 months on Lactoferrin or Placebo (and following washout period)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
At least one side effectAt least one adverse event (includes SAE)At least one Serious Adverse Event
Placebo20125
Recombinant Lactoferrin17111

[back to top]