boron profile

Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5462311
CHEBI ID	27560
CHEBI ID	33609
MeSH ID	M0002831

Synonym
Q618
AKOS015832923
einecs 231-151-2
hsdb 4482
boron, metallic
boron
7440-42-8
boron, crystalline, 1 cm, 99.7% trace metals basis
boron, amorphous, powder, (submicron)
5b
boron atom
bore
BOR ,
CHEBI:27560 ,
boracium
boro
boron, >=95% (boron), amorphous powder
boron, purum p.a., >=99.0%, pieces, crystalline
boron 11
boron-elemental
ec 231-151-2
n9e3x5056q ,
unii-n9e3x5056q
boron, elemental
boron [mart.]
boron [vandf]
boron [who-dd]
boron [hsdb]
boron [mi]
ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
boron powder, crystalline, -325 mesh
boron powder
boron powder, amorphous
mfcd00134034
boron powder, crystalline
boron crystalline b grade k2 (h?gan?s)
boron crystalline b grade k1 (h?gan?s)
boron amorphous b grade iii (h?gan?s)
boron powder, crystalline, elec. gr.
boron amorphous b grade i (h?gan?s)
boron crystalline b grade p1 (h?gan?s)
boron amorphous b grade ii (h?gan?s)
boron crystalline b grade kt1 (h?gan?s)
boron, crystalline, 90-95%, -325 mesh
boron, crystalline, -60 mesh, 99% trace metals basis
boron, monofilament, 5m, diameter 0.2mm
boron, monofilament, 0.080 mm diameter, length 100 m
boron, powder, mean particle size (fsss) 0.9 micron, weight 20 g, purity 95+%
boron, granule, 15 mm nominal granule size, weight 50 g, purity 99%
boron, powder, mean particle size (fsss) 1 micron, weight 50 g, purity 92.1%
boron, granule, 15 mm nominal granule size, weight 100 g, purity 99%
boron, monofilament, 20m, diameter 0.1mm
boron, powder, mean particle size (fsss) 0.9 micron, weight 10 g, purity 95+%
boron, powder, mean particle size (fsss) 1 micron, weight 100 g, purity 92.1%
boron, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.1mum, specific density 23.5mug/cm2, 6 micron aluminum permanent support, 99.6%
boron, monofilament, 0.080 mm diameter, length 50 m
boron, powder, weight 20 g, mean particle size (fsss) 1 micron, purity 92.1%
boron, powder, 45 max. part. size (micron), weight 10 g, purity 98.%
boron, powder, mean particle size (fsss) 0.9 micron, weight 50 g, purity 95+%
boron, monofilament, length 200 m, 0.080 mm diameter
boron, monofilament, 5m, diameter 0.1mm
boron, powder, mean particle size (fsss) 1 micron, weight 10 g, purity 92.1%
boron, monofilament, 100m, diameter 0.1mm
boron, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.1mum, specific density 23.5mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.6%
boron, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 50 g, purity 98.%
boron, monofilament, 0.080 mm diameter, length 5 m
boron, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.1mum, specific density 23.5mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.6%
boron, monofilament, 10m, diameter 0.2mm
boron, monofilament, 50m, diameter 0.1mm
boron, monofilament, 0.080 mm diameter, length 20 m
boron, powder, weight 100 g, mean particle size (fsss) 0.9 micron, purity 95+%
boron, monofilament, 50m, diameter 0.2mm
boron, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 20 g, purity 98.%
boron, monofilament, 200m, diameter 0.1mm
boron, monofilament, 20m, diameter 0.2mm
boron, powder, mean particle size (fsss) 1 micron, weight 200 g, purity 92.1%
boron, monofilament, 10m, diameter 0.1mm
boron, powder, mean particle size (fsss) 0.9 micron, weight 200 g, purity 95+%
boron, granule, 15 mm nominal granule size, weight 20 g, purity 99%
boron, monofilament, 0.080 mm diameter, length 10 m
AKOS030228749
borane-d3
14798-13-1
boron, amorphous
boran
DB11203
DTXSID3023922 ,
hexagonal nitride boron nanoplates
multilayer h-bn (boron nitride) film
boron nanoprisms
single layer hexagonal boron nitride film
boron nitride nanotubes (bnnt)
hexagonal boron nitride crystals
boron nanorods
boron nitride nanoplates
methyl-(2z)3-iodo-2n-acetylcrotanoate
Q15634214
boron amorphous, nano powder, 98.5%, <350 nm
copper sulfide sputtering target
boron micropowder
boron nanopowder
tantalum pentoxide (ta2o5) sputtering targets
boron nanorods properties
boron micro powder
boron isotopic standard: b @ 100 microg/ml in h2o (enriched in b-11)
35325-82-7
borane(1)
13766-26-2
DTXSID301318615
DTXSID801318672
borane(5)
boron10
sulfur-free boron standard: b @ 5000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil
boron hollow cathode lamp: 1.5 diameter, 2-pin, non-coded
boron hollow cathode lamp: 2.0 diameter, 9-pin, non-coded
boron hollow cathode lamp: 2.0 diameter, 4-pin, cableless
sulfur-free boron standard: b @ 1000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil
monomer boron
q/yty002-2022
boron standard: b @ 5000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil
boron standard: b @ 10 microg/ml in h2o
boron standard: b @ 1000 microg/ml in nh4oh
boron 99%
boron 95%
amorphous boron powder
boron standard: b @ 2500 mg/kg in 75 cst oil
boron standard: b @ 10000 microg/ml in nh4oh
17 - boron in toy slime
carbon steel, resulfurized, aisi 1144 / g11440, o38x19
boron standard: b @ 1000 microg/ml in h2o
boron titration standard - b @ 1000 mg/l in h2o
boron standard: b @ 1000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil
boron 92%
boron aa standard: b @ 1000 microg/ml in h2o
boron (mart.)
dtxcid503922
chebi:33609
PD060985
boron - b @ 5000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil
boron - b @ 1000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil
boron - b @ 1000 microg/ml in h2o
boron - b @ 1000 microg/ml in nh4oh

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Boron is a known micronutrient in plants but very few studies have used boron isotopes to investigate boron's role in plant physiology."	( Boron Isotope Analysis Reveals Borate Selectivity in Seaweeds. Newman, ET; Rasbury, ET; Twiss, KC; Wooton, KM; Wright, CC, 2021)	2.79
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants and can mitigate heavy metal toxicity."	( Application of boron reduces vanadium toxicity by altering the subcellular distribution of vanadium, enhancing boron uptake and enhancing the antioxidant defense system of watermelon. Bie, Z; Huang, Y; Kaleem, M; Lu, J; Nawaz, MA; Shireen, F; Xiong, M, 2021)	1.7
"Boron is a bioactive trace element, found naturally as boric acid (BA) and borate."	( Acetaminophen-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Suppression of Apoptosis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Using Boric Acid. Aytuğ, H; Çoban, FK; Demirel, HH; İnce, S; İslam, İ, 2023)	1.63
"Boron is a microelement necessary for neural activity in the brain."	( 3-Pyridinylboronic Acid Ameliorates Rotenone-Induced Oxidative Stress Through Nrf2 Target Genes in Zebrafish Embryos. Alturfan, AA; Beler, M; Cansız, D; Emekli-Alturfan, E; Kara Subaşat, H; Karagöz, A; Mega Tiber, P; Ünal, İ; Üstündağ, FD; Üstündağ, ÜV, 2022)	1.83
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient, crucial for the growth and development of crop plants. "	( Mechanistic insight on boron-mediated toxicity in plant Aftab, T; Altaf, MA; Behera, B; Kancheti, M; Kumar, A; Kumar, R; Lal, MK; Mangal, V; Rathod, G; Raza, MB; Shiv, A; Singh, B; Tiwari, RK, 2023)	2.66
"Boron is a potential essential trace element and there are some promising results on its weight lowering effect."	( Boron compound administration; A novel agent in weight management: A systematic review and meta- analysis of animal studies. Attari, VE; Farrin, N; Najafipour, F; Ostadrahimi, A; Pourmoradian, S; Rezazadeh, L; Tutunchi, H; Zarezadeh, M, 2022)	2.89
"Boron (B) is an inimitable plant micronutrient, predominantly distinguished by super-narrow range between its deficiency and toxicity concentrations, which depends upon boron speciation in the growth media and form of living organisms. "	( Biogeochemical cycling, tolerance mechanism and phytoremediation strategies of boron in plants: A critical review. Bhardwaj, R; Kaur, R; Kumar, A; Kumar, V; Pandita, S, 2022)	2.39
"Boron (B) toxicity is a major agricultural problem that causes a considerable decrease in crop yield and quality. "	( Characterization of two Peruvian maize landraces differing in boron toxicity tolerance. Camacho-Cristóbal, JJ; Ceacero, CJ; Cutire, ÓF; González-Fontes, A; Herrera-Rodríguez, MB; Mamani-Huarcaya, BM; Navarro-Gochicoa, MT; Rexach, J, 2022)	2.4
"Boron (B) is an indispensable micronutrient for plant growth that can also alleviate aluminum (Al) toxicity. "	( Boron contributes to excessive aluminum tolerance in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) by inhibiting cell wall deposition and promoting vacuole compartmentation. Cheng, J; Jiang, C; Li, S; Liu, J; Liu, Y; Yan, L, 2022)	3.61
"Boron is an essential element for autoinducer-2 (AI-2) synthesis of quorum sensing (QS) system, which affects bacterial collective behavior. "	( Boron Derivatives Accelerate Biofilm Formation of Recombinant Chen, H; Geng, LT; Gong, LC; Wang, J; Yan, CH; Zhan, YF; Zhu, LL, 2022)	3.61
"Boron (B) is an essential microelement for plant growth and has been shown to reduce cadmium (Cd) toxicity in wheat through modulating gene expression. "	( Effect of boron on cadmium uptake and expression of Cd transport genes at different growth stages of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Gao, W; Li, C; Liu, H; Nie, Z; Qin, S; Wang, L; Xu, Y; Zhao, P, 2022)	2.57
"Boron is an inexpensive, non-antibiotic element with potential uses as an antifungal agent."	( Antifungal efficacy of pure boron on yeast and mold isolates causing superficial mycosis. Doganer, A; Gundes, A; Mulayim, MK; Nazik, H; Nazik, S; Orak, F; Ozturk, P; Yalcinkaya, KT, 2022)	2.46
"Boron (B) is a required micronutrient that is crucial for the growth and development of vascular plants. "	( The regulation of plant lignin biosynthesis under boron deficiency conditions. Dong, R; Dong, X; Jiang, C; Jiao, H; Ran, K; Wang, S; Wei, S, 2022)	2.42
"Boron (B) is an essential element for plant growth. "	( Phytohormones in plant responses to boron deficiency and toxicity. Chen, X; Shabala, S; Smith, SM; Yu, M, 2023)	2.63
"Boron is an essential trace element playing an important role in several biological processes."	( Enhancement of ferroptosis by boric acid and its potential use as chemosensitizer in anticancer chemotherapy. Corti, A; Dominici, S; Piaggi, S; Pompella, A, 2023)	1.63
"Boron (B) is an essential mineral nutrient for growth of plants, and B deficiency is now a worldwide problem that limits production of B deficiency-sensitive crops, such as rape and cotton. "	( Interaction between Boron and Other Elements in Plants. Long, Y; Peng, J, 2023)	2.68
"Boron (B) is a trace element that is essential for normal wheat development, such as root growth. "	( Physiological and iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analyses reveal the similarities and differences in stress responses between short-term boron deficiency and toxicity in wheat roots. Huang, C; Jin, W; Shi, Y; Wang, M; Wang, X; Yu, H, 2023)	2.55
"Boron is an essential element for plant nutrition and is taken up mainly as boric acid molecules."	( Boron contamination and its risk management in terrestrial and aquatic environmental settings. Amarasiri, D; Bolan, N; Bolan, S; Brdar-Jokanović, M; Kirkham, MB; Lin, JY; Padhye, LP; Ragályi, P; Rékási, M; Rinklebe, J; Siddique, KHM; Wang, H; Wang, L; Wijesekara, H; Zhang, T; Zhao, H, 2023)	3.07
"Boron is an effective agent in wound healing by promoting cell migration and proliferation and reducing inflammation in the wound area."	( The effect of the boron-based gel on the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: A prospective, randomized controlled trial. Ayşan, E; Demirci, S; Doğan, A; Farshbaf-Khalili, A; Mobasseri, M; Ostadrahimi, A; Pirouzpanah, MB; Şahin, F, 2023)	1.97
"Boron (B) is an indispensable mineral nutrient for plants and is primarily taken up by roots mainly in the form of boric acid (H"	( A critical review of plant adaptation to environmental boron stress: Uptake, utilization, and interplay with other abiotic and biotic factors. Ding, G; Li, S; Shi, L; Venuste, M; Wang, X; White, PJ; Xu, F; Yan, L, 2023)	2.6
"Boron is a trace element which is essential part of human nutrition."	( Synergistic anti-cancer effect of sodium pentaborate pentahydrate, curcumin and piperine on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Bolat, ZB; Degirmenci, NS; Omeroglu Ulu, Z; Sahin, F, 2023)	1.63
"Boron (B) is an essential nutrient for the plant, and its stress (both deficiency and toxicity) are major problems that affect crop production. "	( Physiological and metabolic changes in response to Boron levels are mediated by ethylene affecting tomato fruit yield. Araújo, WL; Gonçalves, JFC; Nascimento, VL; Nunes-Nesi, A; Omena-Garcia, RP; Pereira, GL; Ribeiro, DM; Souza, BCOQ, 2023)	2.6
"Boron (B) is an essential plant micronutrient. "	( Assessment of a Ferrieri, R; Gerheart, A; Guthrie, JM; Housh, AB; Kil, KE; Matthes, MS; McSteen, P; Schueller, M; Wilder, SL, 2020)	2
"Boron is an essential plant micronutrient taken up via the roots mostly in the form of boric acid. "	( Boron Toxicity and Deficiency in Agricultural Plants. Brdar-Jokanović, M, 2020)	3.44
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for higher plants, having structural roles in primary cell walls, but also other functions in cell division, membrane integrity, pollen germination or metabolism. "	( Elucidating the Possible Involvement of Maize Aquaporins in the Plant Boron Transport and Homeostasis Mediated by Aroca, R; Erice, G; Quiroga, G; Ruiz-Lozano, JM, 2020)	2.23
"Boron is an essential trace element for animals. "	( Effect of Boron on Microstructure, Immune Function, Expression of Tight Junction Protein, Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis of Duodenum in Rats. Gu, Y; Hu, Q; Jin, E; Liu, T; Ren, M; Wang, C; Wu, X, 2021)	2.47
"Boron is a naturally occurring trace element with several cytoprotective properties."	( Boron Attenuates Heat Stress-Induced Apoptosis by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mouse Granulosa Cells. Che, C; He, S; Jin, E; Xiong, Y; Yin, Q, 2021)	2.79
"Boron (B) is a trace element with many biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-lipid per oxidation."	( Cyclophosphamide induced oxidative stress, lipid per oxidation, apoptosis and histopathological changes in rats: Protective role of boron. Altuner, Y; Appak-Baskoy, S; Ayhanci, A; Bilici, N; Cengiz, M; Şahin, İK; Sahinturk, V; Yaman, SO; Yildiz, SC, 2020)	1.48
"Boron is a trace element that plays an important role in numerous biological functions, including calcium metabolism, growth and maintenance of bone tissue. "	( Pivotal role of boron supplementation on bone health: A narrative review. Faliva, MA; Gasparri, C; Iannello, G; Infantino, V; Perna, S; Peroni, G; Petrangolini, G; Riva, A; Rondanelli, M; Tartara, A, 2020)	2.35
"Boron (B) is an essential trace element that plays a vital role in metabolic and physiological functions of higher plants. "	( Pumpkin rootstock improves the growth and development of watermelon by enhancing uptake and transport of boron and regulating the gene expression. Abouseif, Y; Ahmad, A; Bie, Z; Chen, Z; Huang, Y; Nawaz, MA; Shireen, F; Sohail, H; Xiong, M, 2020)	2.21
"Boronic acids (BAs) are a promising bioconjugation function to design dynamic materials as they can establish reversible covalent bonds with oxygen/nitrogen nucleophiles that respond to different pH, ROS, carbohydrates and glutathione levels. "	( Engineering Boron Hot Spots for the Site-Selective Installation of Iminoboronates on Peptide Chains. Corzana, F; Fernandes, F; Gois, PMP; Padanha, R; Russo, R; Veiros, LF, 2020)	2.38
"Boron is a trace element which plays important roles in immune response. "	( The Immune Regulatory Effect of Boron on Ostrich Chick Splenic Lymphocytes. Li, P; Peng, K; Qiu, W; Wang, J; Xiao, K; Zhang, X, 2021)	2.35
"Boron carbide is a material proposed as an alternative to graphite for use as an energy degrader in proton therapy facilities, and is favoured due to its mechanical robustness and promise to give lower lateral scattering for a given energy loss. "	( Mean excitation energy determination for Monte Carlo simulations of boron carbide as degrader material for proton therapy. Meer, D; Oponowicz, E; Owen, H; Psoroulas, S, 2020)	2.24
"Boron (B) is a micronutrient that helps in the formation of the primary cell wall (CW) and alleviates negative effects of toxic elements on plant growth."	( Boron supply alleviates cadmium toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by enhancing cadmium adsorption on cell wall and triggering antioxidant defense system in roots. Ali, S; Deng, L; Fang, Y; Kamran, M; Riaz, M; Rizwan, M; Wang, Q; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Yang, G; Zhou, Y, 2021)	2.79
"Boron (B) is an essential mineral element for plant growth, and the seed B pool of crops can be crucial when seedlings need to establish on low-B soils. "	( Genome-wide association mapping identifies HvNIP2;2/HvLsi6 accounting for efficient boron transport in barley. Bienert, GP; Bienert, MD; Jia, Z; von Wirén, N, 2021)	2.29
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development. "	( JASMONATE RESISTANT 1 negatively regulates root growth under boron deficiency in Arabidopsis. Huang, Y; Shi, L; Wang, S; Xu, F, 2021)	2.31
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for the plant normal growth. "	( BnaA02.NIP6;1a encodes a boron transporter required for plant development under boron deficiency in Brassica napus. Azhar, W; Gan, Y; Khan, AR; Khan, S; Li, X; Munir, R; Song, G, 2021)	2.37
"Boron (B) is an essential trace element in plants, and borate cross-linking of pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) in cell walls is required for normal cell growth. "	( Regulation, Diversity and Evolution of Boron Transporters in Plants. Miwa, K; Onuh, AF, 2021)	2.33
"Boron toxicity is a world-wide problem for crops, yet we have a limited understanding of the genetic responses and adaptive mechanisms to this stress in plants. "	( Cross species multi-omics reveals cell wall sequestration and elevated global transcript abundance as mechanisms of boron tolerance in plants. Dassanayake, M; DiTusa, SF; Herrmann, AD; Mendoza-Cozatl, DG; O'Neill, MA; Oh, DH; Smith, AP; Wang, G, 2021)	2.27
"Boron (B) toxicity is a notable abiotic hindrance that restricts crop productivity by disturbing several physiological and biochemical processes in plants. "	( Salicylic acid-mediated alleviation of soil boron toxicity in Mentha arvensis and Cymbopogon flexuosus: Growth, antioxidant responses, essential oil contents and components. Aftab, T; Choudhary, S; Khan, MMA; Mukarram, M; Naeem, M; Wani, KI; Zehra, A, 2021)	2.33
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants, and root growth is rapidly inhibited under B deficiency conditions."	( Boron deficiency-induced root growth inhibition is mediated by brassinosteroid signalling regulation in Arabidopsis. Cai, H; Chu, L; Ding, G; He, M; Shi, L; Wang, C; Wang, S; Xu, F; Yang, N; Zhang, C, 2021)	2.79
"Boron is an essential mineral for plants, and as such, is a normal dietary constituent for humans. "	( Assessment of consumer exposure to boron in cleaning products: a case study of Canada. Baisch, B; DeLeo, PC; Kinsky, O; Stuard, SB; Thiffault, C, 2021)	2.34
"Boron is a trace element that naturally occurs in soil, making mineral and medicinal water important contributors to overall intake. "	( Boron Contents of German Mineral and Medicinal Waters and Their Bioavailability in Drosophila melanogaster and Humans. Bakker, SJL; Baumhof, E; Birringer, M; Bosy-Westphal, A; Haegele, FA; Jans, K; Kremer, D; Lüersen, K; Rimbach, G; Seidel, U; Seidler, Y, 2021)	3.51
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for organisms. "	( Boronic acids as tools to study (plant) developmental processes? Matthes, M; Torres-Ruiz, RA, 2017)	3.34
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the uptake and distribution of B in allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus) are unclear. "	( The boron transporter BnaC4.BOR1;1c is critical for inflorescence development and fertility under boron limitation in Brassica napus. Cai, H; Chen, H; Ding, G; He, M; Shi, L; Xu, F; Zhang, Q; Zhao, Z, 2017)	2.46
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for the growth and development of plants. "	( Low-Boron Tolerance Strategies Involving Pectin-Mediated Cell Wall Mechanical Properties in Brassica napus. Hua, Y; Shi, L; Xu, F; Zhang, B; Zhang, X; Zhou, T; Zhou, Y, 2017)	2.46
"Boron is an essential element for plants and probably essential for human and animal health. "	( The importance of boron in biological systems. Karakaya, HC; Koc, A; Uluisik, I, 2018)	2.26
"Boron is a non-essential ubiquitous trace element in the human body. "	( Assessing the boron nutritional status by analyzing its cummulative frequency distribution in the hair and whole blood. Grabeklis, AR; Mimica, N; Momčilović, B; Prejac, J; Skalny, AA; Uzun, S, 2018)	2.28
"Boron (B) pollution is an expanding environmental problem throughout the world due to intensive mining practices and extensive usage of B in agricultural chemicals and industrial products in recent years. "	( Phytoremediation potential of poplar and willow species in small scale constructed wetland for boron removal. Kasım, GÇ; Yıldırım, K, 2018)	2.14
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for the growth and development of higher plants."	( Boron alleviates the aluminum toxicity in trifoliate orange by regulating antioxidant defense system and reducing root cell injury. Aziz, O; Hussain, S; Imran, M; Jiang, C; Riaz, M; Wang, Y; Wu, X; Yan, L, 2018)	2.64
"Boron is an essential mineral that plays an important role in several biological processes. "	( The Physiological Role of Boron on Health. Juming, Z; Ke-Mei, P; Khaliq, H, 2018)	2.22
"Boron toxicity is a worldwide problem, usually accompanied by salt (NaCl) and drought. "	( Combined effect of salt and drought on boron toxicity in Puccinellia tenuiflora. Chang, C; Dai, Z; Liu, C; Sun, H; Xia, J, 2018)	2.19
"Boron is an essential plant micronutrient and its deficiency occurs in several regions globally, resulting in impaired plant growth."	( Methylboronic acid fertilization alleviates boron deficiency symptoms in Arabidopsis thaliana. Aquea, F; Arce-Johnson, P; Duran, C, 2018)	1.68
"Boron (B) is an essential element for plants; however, as high B concentrations are toxic, B transport must be tightly regulated. "	( Boron-Dependent Translational Suppression of the Borate Exporter Aibara, I; Fujiwara, T; Hirai, T; Kasai, K; Miwa, K; Naito, S; Onouchi, H; Takano, J, 2018)	3.37
"Boron (B) is an essential trace element required for the physiological functioning of higher plants. "	( Boron: Functions and Approaches to Enhance Its Availability in Plants for Sustainable Agriculture. Bie, Z; Cao, H; Chen, C; Huang, Y; Nawaz, MA; Shireen, F; Sohail, H; Sun, J; Zhang, Q; Zheng, Z, 2018)	3.37
"Boron is considered to be a biological trace element but there is substantial and growing support for it to be classified as an essential nutrient for animals and humans, depending on its speciation. "	( Effects of boron-containing compounds on cardiovascular disease risk factors - A review. Biţă, A; Donoiu, I; Hunter, JM; Militaru, C; Neamţu, J; Obleagă, O; Rogoveanu, OC; Scorei, IR, 2018)	2.31
"Boron is an essential plant micronutrient that plays a structural role in the rhamnogalacturonan II component of the pectic cell wall. "	( Nodulin Intrinsic Protein 7;1 Is a Tapetal Boric Acid Channel Involved in Pollen Cell Wall Formation. Choi, WG; Li, T; Roberts, DM; Routray, P; Sams, CE; Takano, J; Yamasaki, A; Yoshinari, A, 2018)	1.92
"Boron is a metalloid which is present in food in small amounts and is suggested here to inhibit apoptosis by stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane structure, thus preventing matrix remodeling and the release of cytochrome c, an apoptosis-inducer protein from the mitochondrion."	( Boron inhibits apoptosis in hyperapoptosis condition: Acts by stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane and inhibiting matrix remodeling. Ali, S; Routray, I, 2019)	2.68
"Boron is a ubiquitous element and exposure to high concentrations of boron in drinking water may lead to health outcomes. "	( Spatial variation and quantitative screening level assessment of human risk from boron exposure in groundwater resources of western edge of the Lake Urmia, Iran. Esmat Saatloo, SM; Jahani Moghaddam, H; Mosaferi, M; Nazmara, S; Nemati Mansour, S; Shaker Khatibi, M, 2020)	2.23
"Boron (B) is an essential element for plants, but excess B is phytotoxic. "	( Boron tolerance and accumulation potential of four salt-tolerant plant species. Dai, Z; Li, J; Liu, C; Ma, C; Sun, H; Zhao, Q, 2019)	3.4
"Boron is an element commonly found in nature. "	( Boron-rich diet may regulate blood lipid profile and prevent obesity: A non-drug and self-controlled clinical trial. Akyuz, S; Altuntas, Y; Balan, G; Kuru, R; Sahin, F; Tasli, PN; Tuzuner, BA; Yarat, A; Yener Ozturk, F; Yilmaz, S, 2019)	3.4
"The boron (B) is an essential nutrient and plays an important role in the stability of the primary cell wall (CW). "	( Excess boron inhibited the trifoliate orange growth by inducing oxidative stress, alterations in cell wall structure, and accumulation of free boron. Aziz, O; El-Desouki, Z; Hussain, S; Jiang, C; Riaz, M; Wu, X; Yan, L, 2019)	1.53
"Boron (B) is a unique micronutrient for plants given that the range of B concentration from its essentiality to toxicity is extremely narrow, and also because it occurs as an uncharged molecule (boric acid) which can pass lipid bilayers without any degree of controls, as occurs for other ionic nutrients."	( Boron toxicity in higher plants: an update. Araniti, F; Landi, M; Margaritopoulou, T; Papadakis, IE, 2019)	2.68
"Boron (B) is an essential microelement for plants and is constantly needed throughout the plant life due to its function as a structural element of the plant cell wall. "	( Review: mechanisms for boron deficiency-mediated changes in plant water relations. Eichert, T; Wimmer, MA, 2013)	2.14
"Boron stress is an environmental factor affecting plant development and production. "	( Boron stress responsive microRNAs and their targets in barley. Boke, H; Eldem, V; Ipek, A; Okay, S; Ozhuner, E; Sakcali, S; Unver, T; Zhang, B, 2013)	3.28
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants. "	( Differential expression of three BOR1 genes corresponding to different genomes in response to boron conditions in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Fujibe, T; Fujiwara, T; Leaungthitikanchana, S; Sotta, N; Takano, J; Tanaka, M; Wang, S, 2013)	2.05
"Boron is an essential micronutrient for higher plants. "	( OsNIP3;1, a rice boric acid channel, regulates boron distribution and is essential for growth under boron-deficient conditions. Fujiwara, T; Hanaoka, H; Takano, J; Tanaka, M; Uraguchi, S, 2014)	2.1
"Boron is an interesting element with unusual polymorphism. "	( Understanding boron through size-selected clusters: structure, chemical bonding, and fluxionality. Boldyrev, AI; Li, WL; Piazza, ZA; Popov, IA; Romanescu, C; Sergeeva, AP; Wang, LS, 2014)	2.21
"Boron (B) toxicity is an important agricultural problem in arid environments. "	( Photoprotection by foliar anthocyanins mitigates effects of boron toxicity in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum). Gould, KS; Guidi, L; Landi, M; Pardossi, A; Tattini, M, 2014)	2.09
"Boron (B) is an essential nutrient for heterocystous cyanobacteria growing under diazotrophic conditions. "	( The interaction of boron with glycolipids is required to increase tolerance to stresses in Anabaena PCC 7120. Abreu, I; Bolaños, L; Bonilla, I; Orús, I, 2014)	2.17
"Boron (B)-toxicity is an important disorder in agricultural regions across the world. "	( cDNA-AFLP analysis reveals the adaptive responses of citrus to long-term boron-toxicity. Chen, LS; Guo, P; Huang, JH; Jiang, HX; Qi, YP; Yang, LT; Ye, X, 2014)	2.08
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for optimum plant growth. "	( High-throughput transcriptome analysis of barley (Hordeum vulgare) exposed to excessive boron. Sakcali, MS; Tombuloglu, G; Tombuloglu, H; Unver, T, 2015)	2.08
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants but is toxic when accumulated in excess. "	( Evolutionary Divergence of Plant Borate Exporters and Critical Amino Acid Residues for the Polar Localization and Boron-Dependent Vacuolar Sorting of AtBOR1. Amano, T; Fujiwara, T; Mineta, K; Naito, S; Takano, J; Toyoda, A; Wakuta, S, 2015)	2.07
"Boron (B) is an essential element for plants; its deficiency causes rapid cessation of root elongation. "	( Differential Roles of PIN1 and PIN2 in Root Meristem Maintenance Under Low-B Conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. Fujiwara, T; Kamiya, T; Li, K, 2015)	1.86
"Boron is an essential micronutrient for living cells, yet its excess causes toxicity. "	( The major facilitator superfamily transporter Knq1p modulates boron homeostasis in Kluyveromyces lactis. Gbelska, Y; Svrbicka, A; Toth Hervay, N, 2016)	2.12
"Boron (B) is an important micronutrient for plant growth, but is toxic when levels are too high. "	( Diversity in boron toxicity tolerance of Australian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes. Garcia, M; Hayes, JE; Öz, MT; Pallotta, M; Rongala, J; Sutton, T, 2015)	2.23
"Boron removal is an arising issue in desalination plants due to boron's toxicity. "	( Mathematical modeling based evaluation and simulation of boron removal in bioelectrochemical systems. Abu-Reesh, IM; He, Z; Ping, Q, 2016)	2.12
"Boron (B) is a microelement required for higher plants, and B deficiency has serious negative effect on metabolic processes. "	( Different metabolite profile and metabolic pathway with leaves and roots in response to boron deficiency at the initial stage of citrus rootstock growth. Dong, X; Jiang, C; Liu, G; Lu, X; Muhammad, R; Shah, A; Wu, L; Wu, X; Yan, L, 2016)	2.1
"Boron is a metalloid found at highly varying concentrations in soil and water. "	( Boron exposure through drinking water during pregnancy and birth size. Casimiro, E; Harari, F; Igra, AM; Lu, Y; Vahter, M, 2016)	3.32
"Boron (B) is an essential plant nutrient, but when present in excess it is toxic. "	( Long- and short-term effects of boron excess to root form and function in two tomato genotypes. Abenavoli, MR; Longo, C; Lupini, A; Miller, AJ; Princi, MP; Sunseri, F, 2016)	2.16
"Boron (B) is an essential nutrient for normal growth of plants. "	( Genome-wide transcriptome profiling of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) under boron toxicity revealed candidate genes responsible in boron uptake, transport and detoxification. Uylaş, S; Yıldırım, K, 2016)	2.11
"Boron (B) is an essential microelement for vascular plant development, but its toxicity is a major problem affecting crop yields in arid and semi-arid areas of the world. "	( Abscisic acid and transpiration rate are involved in the response to boron toxicity in Arabidopsis plants. Camacho-Cristóbal, JJ; González-Fontes, A; Herrera-Rodríguez, MB; Macho-Rivero, MÁ; Müller, M; Munné-Bosch, S, 2017)	2.13
"Boron is an essential trace element for all organisms and has both beneficial and harmful biological functions. "	( Atmospheric contribution to boron enrichment in aboveground wheat tissues. Browne, P; Chen, M; Ji, J; Wang, C; Yang, Z; Zhong, C, 2017)	2.19
"Boron (B) toxicity is a nutritional disorder affecting crop production in many parts of the world. "	( Genetic factors underlying boron toxicity tolerance in rice: genome-wide association study and transcriptomic analysis. de Abreu Neto, JB; Frei, M; Hurtado-Perez, MC; Wimmer, MA, 2017)	2.19
"Boron (B) is an essential element for plants, but is also toxic when present in excess. "	( Boron transport mechanisms: collaboration of channels and transporters. Fujiwara, T; Miwa, K; Takano, J, 2008)	3.23
"Boron is a non-metallic element widely distributed in nature, where it occurs as boric acid, borates and borosilicates."	( Risk assessment of boron in glass wool insulation. Jensen, AA, 2009)	1.4
"Boron (B) is an essential nutrient for normal growth of higher plants, and B availability in soil and irrigation water is an important determinant of agricultural production. "	( Boron in plants: deficiency and toxicity. Camacho-Cristóbal, JJ; González-Fontes, A; Rexach, J, 2008)	3.23
"Boron (B) is an essential element for plants, and B deficiency is a worldwide agricultural problem. "	( Highly boron deficiency-tolerant plants generated by enhanced expression of NIP5;1, a boric acid channel. Fujiwara, T; Kato, Y; Miwa, K; Takano, J; Wada, M, 2009)	2.25
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for vascular plants. "	( Boron nutrition of tobacco BY-2 cells. V. oxidative damage is the major cause of cell death induced by boron deprivation. Kobayashi, M; Koshiba, T; Matoh, T, 2009)	3.24
"Boron is a micronutrient in plants and animals, but its specific roles in cellular processes are not known. "	( Identification of a novel system for boron transport: Atr1 is a main boron exporter in yeast. Fomenko, DE; Gladyshev, VN; Karakaya, HC; Kaya, A; Koc, A, 2009)	2.07
"Boron tolerance is a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. "	( Genes mapping to boron tolerance QTL in barley identified by suppression subtractive hybridization. Baumann, U; Hassan, M; Langridge, P; Oldach, K; Sutton, T, 2010)	2.14
"Boron (B) is an essential nutrient for N(2)-fixing legume-rhizobia symbioses, and the capacity of borate ions to bind and stabilize biomolecules is the basis of any B function. "	( Ligands of boron in Pisum sativum nodules are involved in regulation of oxygen concentration and rhizobial infection. Bolaños, L; Bonilla, I; Bustos, P; Goldbach, HE; Reguera, M; Wimmer, M, 2010)	2.19
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants, which when occurs in excess in the growth medium, becomes toxic to plants. "	( Boron toxicity is alleviated by hydrogen sulfide in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings. Li, YX; Shi, L; Wang, BL; Zhang, WH, 2010)	3.25
"Boron is an essential nutrient for plants and an essential element for many organisms, but can be toxic to aquatic and terrestrial organisms above certain concentrations. "	( Boron concentration in water, sediment and different organisms around large borate deposits of Turkey. Aksan, S; Arslan, N; Ciçek, A; Emiroğlu, O; Rüzgar, M, 2010)	3.25
"Boron (B) toxicity is a significant limitation to cereal crop production in a number of regions worldwide. "	( Boron toxicity tolerance in barley through reduced expression of the multifunctional aquaporin HvNIP2;1. Baumann, U; Hayes, J; Hrmova, M; Langridge, P; Ramesh, SA; Schnurbusch, T; Sutton, T; Tyerman, SD, 2010)	3.25
"Boron is an essential plant micronutrient, but it is phytotoxic if present in excessive amounts in soil for certain plants such as Artemisia annua L. "	( Methyl jasmonate counteracts boron toxicity by preventing oxidative stress and regulating antioxidant enzyme activities and artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua L. Aftab, T; Hashmi, N; Idrees, M; Khan, MM; Naeem, M, 2011)	2.1
"Boron is an essential micronutrient for plants and it is either necessary or beneficial for animals. "	( Genome-wide identification of genes that play a role in boron stress response in yeast. Avsar, K; Karakaya, HC; Kaya, A; Koc, A; Uluisik, I; Unlu, ES; Yalcin, T, 2011)	2.06
"Boron (B) is an essential element for plants and animals growth that interacts with mineral surfaces regulating its bioavailability and mobility in soils, sediments, and natural ecosystems. "	( The interaction of boron with goethite: experiments and CD-MUSIC modeling. Goli, E; Hiemstra, T; Malakouti, MJ; Rahnemaie, R, 2011)	2.14
"Boron is an industrially and biologically important element. "	( In vivo evolutionary engineering of a boron-resistant bacterium: Bacillus boroniphilus. Akman, S; Baysal, A; Cakar, ZP; Sen, M; Yılmaz, U, 2011)	2.08
"Boron is a necessary nutrient for plants and animals, however excess of it causes toxicity. "	( Roles of ATR1 paralogs YMR279c and YOR378w in boron stress tolerance. Bozdag, GO; Gulculer, GS; Karakaya, HC; Koc, A; Uluisik, I, 2011)	2.07
"Boron (B) is an essential element for plant growth whose deficiency causes an alteration in the expression of a wide range of genes involved in several physiological processes. "	( Boron deficiency and transcript level changes. Camacho-Cristóbal, JJ; González-Fontes, A; Herrera-Rodríguez, MB; Navarro-Gochicoa, MT; Rexach, J, 2011)	3.25
"Boron is an essential nutrient for animals and plants, but it can be harmful in excessive levels. "	( Using pretreated waste oyster and clam shells and microwave hydrothermal treatment to recover boron from concentrated wastewater. Kuo, J; Lo, SL; Tsai, HC, 2011)	2.03
"Boron (B) is an essential plant micronutrient that is toxic at higher levels. "	( Boron-dependent degradation of NIP5;1 mRNA for acclimation to excess boron conditions in Arabidopsis. Chiba, Y; Fujiwara, T; Lombardo, F; Naito, S; Ogasawara, Y; Onouchi, H; Takano, J; Tanaka, M, 2011)	3.25
"Boron is an essential trace element for plants and humans however it is still an open question what levels of boron are actually safe for humans. "	( Boron exposure assessment using drinking water and urine in the North of Chile. Cortes, S; Ferreccio, C; Reynaga-Delgado, E; Sancha, AM, 2011)	3.25
"Boron is an essential micronutrient for plants and is taken up in the form of boric acid (BA). "	( A molecular framework for the inhibition of Arabidopsis root growth in response to boron toxicity. Aquea, F; Arce-Johnson, P; Federici, F; Haseloff, J; Jullian, P; Moscoso, C; Vega, A, 2012)	2.05
"Boron (B) is a potential environmental toxicant for plants under excessive conditions. "	( Boron induced expression of some stress-related genes in tomato. Kekec, G; Sakcali, S; Semizoglu, N; Tombuloglu, H, 2012)	3.26
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient whose deficiency is common both in agriculture and in silviculture. "	( Boron nutrition affects the carbon metabolism of silver birch seedlings. Keinänen, M; Keski-Saari, S; Lehto, T; Ruuhola, T, 2011)	3.25
"Boron is an essential micronutrient for plants, and it is beneficial for animals. "	( Boron stress activates the general amino acid control mechanism and inhibits protein synthesis. Carlson, BA; Fomenko, DE; Gladyshev, VN; Karakaya, HC; Kaya, A; Koc, A; Uluisik, I, 2011)	3.25
"Boron is an essential nutrient for plants, but it is toxic in excess. "	( Expression of the Arabidopsis borate efflux transporter gene, AtBOR4, in rice affects the xylem loading of boron and tolerance to excess boron. Fujibe, T; Fujiwara, T; Kajikawa, M; Miwa, K; Uraguchi, S, 2011)	2.03
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for normal development of roots, shoots and reproductive tissues in plants. "	( VvBOR1, the grapevine ortholog of AtBOR1, encodes an efflux boron transporter that is differentially expressed throughout reproductive development of Vitis vinifera L. Casaretto, JA; Fujiwara, T; Gainza-Cortés, F; González, E; Kasai, K; Peña-Cortés, H; Pérez-Castro, R; Ruiz-Lara, S; Tapia, J, 2012)	2.06
"Boron (B) is a micronutrient for vascular plants, and B deficiency has been recognized as a limiting factor for crop production in many areas worldwide. "	( Transcriptional profiling reveals adaptive responses to boron deficiency stress in Arabidopsis. Cai, H; Peng, L; Shi, L; Xu, F; Zeng, C, )	1.82
"Boron is an essential micronutrient for plants, but can above certain concentrations be toxic to living organisms. "	( Characterization of boron tolerant bacteria isolated from a fly ash dumping site for bacterial boron remediation. Edward Raja, C; Omine, K, 2013)	2.16
"Boron is an essential nutrient for plants and the potential exists for efficient removal of this element by wetland treatment systems due to accumulation by plants. "	( Toxicity of boron to the duckweed, Spirodella polyrrhiza. Davis, SM; Drake, KD; Maier, KJ, 2002)	2.14
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants but it is thought not to be essential for fungi. "	( Boron uptake by ectomycorrhizas of silver birch. Aphalo, PJ; Kallio, E; Lavola, A; Lehto, T, 2004)	3.21
"Boron is a bioactive element that satisfies several of the criteria for essentiality in humans."	( Boron concentrations in milk from mothers of full-term and premature infants. Friel, JK; Hunt, CD; Johnson, LK, 2004)	3.21
"Boron is an abundant mineral essential for the life cycle of plants and may play a role in animal development and growth. "	( Borate transport and cell growth and proliferation. Not only in plants. Li, Q; Muallem, S; Park, M; Shcheynikov, N; Zeng, W, 2005)	1.77
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for vascular plants. "	( Borate cross-linked/total rhamnogalacturonan II ratio in cell walls for the biochemical diagnosis of boron deficiency in hydroponically grown pumpkin. Ishii, T; Matsunaga, T, 2006)	1.99
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient that affects plant growth at either deficient or toxic concentrations in soil. "	( An investigation of boron toxicity in barley using metabolomics. Bacic, A; Fincher, GB; Forbes, MG; Langridge, P; Patterson, JH; Roessner, U, 2006)	2.1
"Boron toxicity is an important disorder that can be limit plant growth on soils of arid and semi arid environments through the world. "	( Effects on environment and agriculture of geothermal wastewater and boron pollution in great Menderes basin. Koç, C, 2007)	2.02
"Boron (B) is a widespread environmental contaminant that is mobile relative to other trace elements. "	( Poplar for the phytomanagement of boron contaminated sites. Chancerel, B; Clothier, BE; Green, SR; Mills, TM; Robinson, BH, 2007)	2.06
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for higher plants. "	( Genetic analysis of the physiological responses to low boron stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Han, Y; Meng, J; Peng, L; Shi, L; Wang, Y; Xu, F; Zeng, C, 2008)	2.04
"Boron (B) is an essential nutrient required for plant growth and physiological processes. "	( Mobility of boron-polyol complexes in the hemiparasitic association between Rhinanthus minor and Hordeum vulgare: the effects of nitrogen nutrition. Cameron, DD; Hartung, W; Jeschke, WD; Jiang, F, 2008)	2.17
"Boron is a ubiquitous constituent of man's external environment. "	( Boron levels in man: preliminary evidence of genetic regulation and some implications for human biology. Barr, RD; Barton, SA; Schull, WJ, 1996)	3.18
"Boron is an essential micronutrient for higher plants. "	( The boron content of selected foods and the estimation of its daily intake among free-living subjects. Naghii, MR; Samman, S; Wall, PM, 1996)	2.29
"Boron (B) is an essential trace element for plants and its interrelationship with mineral and bone metabolism and endocrine function in humans has been proposed. "	( The effect of boron supplementation on its urinary excretion and selected cardiovascular risk factors in healthy male subjects. Naghii, MR; Samman, S, 1997)	2.1
"Boron (B) is a naturally occurring element that is found in the form of borates in the oceans, sedimentary rocks, coal, shale, and in some soils. "	( A review of boron effects in the environment. Howe, PD, 1998)	2.12
"Boron (B) is a dietary component, and evidence from animal studies indicates that it is a dietary essential; it cannot be synthesized in tissues, and organisms exposed to very low levels of B show developmental defects."	( Determining human dietary requirements for boron. King, JC; Strong, P; Sutherland, B, 1998)	1.28
"Boron is a trace element nutrient, and recently its supplements have been shown to increase the concentration of plasma steroid hormones."	( The significance of dietary boron, with particular reference to athletes. Naghii, MR, 1999)	1.32
"Boron is an essential nutrient for certain organisms, notably vascular plants and diatoms. "	( Chemistry and biology of boron. Durst, RW; Loomis, WD, 1992)	2.03
"Boron-10 (10B) is a stable isotope which, when irradiated with thermal neutrons, produces a capture reaction yielding high linear energy transfer particles (10B + 1nth----[11B]----4He(alpha) + 7Li + 2.79 MeV)."	( Boron neutron capture therapy of a rat glioma. Alam, F; Barth, RF; Boesel, CP; Clendenon, NR; Fairchild, RG; Goodman, JH; Gordon, WA; Moeschberger, ML; Staubus, AE; Yates, AJ, 1990)	2.44
"Boron is a naturally occurring material and is used in industrial and domestic products. "	( Safety assessment of boron in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Butterwick, L; de Oude, N; Raymond, K, 1989)	2.04

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The boron-based gel has a significant preventive effect on several categories of RD which might be used by clinicians in breast cancer."	( The Preventive Effects of Boron-Based Gel on Radiation Dermatitis in Patients Being Treated for Breast Cancer: A Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Aghamohammadi, D; Alizade-Harakiyan, M; Ayşan, E; Bijanpour, H; Çağrı Büke, A; Demirci, S; Doğan, A; Eghdam Zamiri, R; Ghasemi Jangjoo, A; Mohammadzadeh, M; Naseri, AR; Nasiri, B; Pirouzpanah, MB; Saboori, H; Sahin, F; Seyed Nejad, F; Shakouri, SK, 2022)	1.58
"Boron has a wide range of industrial and medical applications, and its positive effects on distinct functions have been described in plants, humans, and animals."	( Evaluation of Boron's Adjuvant Activity in Inactive Bacterin Vaccines Using the Mice Model. Aras, Z; Başoglu, A; Erganiş, O; Özdemir, Ö; Sakmanoğlu, A; Sayın, Z; Uçan, US; Uslu, A, 2021)	1.7
"Boron has an important potential for facilitating biological activity and for use in pharmaceutical drug design. "	( Therapeutic Effects of Newly Synthesized Boron Compounds (BGM and BGD) on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Berikten, D; Bolat, M; Gündüz, MK; Kaymak, G; Köse, DA, 2022)	2.43
"Boron has a broad range of physiological effects on biological systems at low concentrations, whereas it is toxic to at high concentrations."	( The importance of boron in biological systems. Karakaya, HC; Koc, A; Uluisik, I, 2018)	1.54
"Boron has a positive effect on the early phase of bone regeneration of the midpalatal suture in response to expansion and may be beneficial in routine maxillary expansion procedures."	( Stimulation of bone formation by dietary boron in an orthopedically expanded suture in rabbits. Ozturk, F; Sonmez, MF; Ustdal, A; Uysal, T, 2009)	2.06
"Boron (B) has been established as a beneficial micronutrient for some farm animals. "	( Effect of Boron Supplementation on Nutrient Utilization and Productive Performance of Peripartum Murrah Buffaloes. Datt, C; Mani, V; Pal, RP; Sarkar, S; Sharma, A; Sharma, H; Yadav, S, 2022)	2.57
"The boron-based gel has a significant preventive effect on several categories of RD which might be used by clinicians in breast cancer."	( The Preventive Effects of Boron-Based Gel on Radiation Dermatitis in Patients Being Treated for Breast Cancer: A Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Aghamohammadi, D; Alizade-Harakiyan, M; Ayşan, E; Bijanpour, H; Çağrı Büke, A; Demirci, S; Doğan, A; Eghdam Zamiri, R; Ghasemi Jangjoo, A; Mohammadzadeh, M; Naseri, AR; Nasiri, B; Pirouzpanah, MB; Saboori, H; Sahin, F; Seyed Nejad, F; Shakouri, SK, 2022)	1.58
"Boron (B) has previously been shown to inhibit cadmium (Cd) uptake in wheat. "	( Metabolomic and antioxidant enzyme activity changes in response to cadmium stress under boron application of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Gao, W; Li, C; Liu, H; Nie, Z; Qin, S; Xu, Y; Zhao, P, 2022)	2.39
"Boronic acids have been approved for treatment by FDA and are included in drug discovery studies and pyridine boronic acids are a subclass of heterocyclic boronic acids used in drug design and discovery as substituted pyridines based on crystal engineering principles."	( 3-Pyridinylboronic Acid Ameliorates Rotenone-Induced Oxidative Stress Through Nrf2 Target Genes in Zebrafish Embryos. Alturfan, AA; Beler, M; Cansız, D; Emekli-Alturfan, E; Kara Subaşat, H; Karagöz, A; Mega Tiber, P; Ünal, İ; Üstündağ, FD; Üstündağ, ÜV, 2022)	1.83
"Boron has great potential to reduce the effects of oxidative stress, which may help it inhibit the progression of HCC."	( Boron attenuated diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma in C3H/HeN mice via alteration of oxidative stress and apoptotic pathway. Chen, J; Huang, H; Wang, J; Wei, Y; Wu, L; Yi, JK; Yin, X, 2022)	3.61
"Boron has attracted extensive interest due to several FDA-approved boron-containing drugs and other pharmacological agents in clinical trials. "	( The current progress in the use of boron as a platform for novel antiviral drug design. Jiang, X; Liu, X; Ren, Y; Wang, S; Wang, Z; Xu, S; Zalloum, WA; Zhan, P; Zhang, X; Zhao, S, 2022)	2.44
"Boron has gained significant attention in medical research due to its B-10 isotope's high cross section for the reaction with thermal neutrons, generating ionizing particles that can eliminate cancer cells, propelling the development of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for cancer treatment. "	( Investigation of the Impact of L-Phenylalanine and L-Tyrosine Pre-Treatment on the Uptake of 4-Borono-L-Phenylalanine in Cancerous and Normal Cells Using an Analytical Approach Based on SC-ICP-MS. Balcer, E; Bulska, E; Giebułtowicz, J; Muszyńska, M; Ruszczyńska, A; Sochacka, M, 2023)	2.57
"Boron has become a crucial weapon in anticancer research due to its significant intervention in cell proliferation. "	( Boron in cancer therapeutics: An overview. Bhandary, D; Kulkarni, S; Monga, V; Singh, Y; Thareja, S, 2023)	3.8
"Boron has a wide range of industrial and medical applications, and its positive effects on distinct functions have been described in plants, humans, and animals."	( Evaluation of Boron's Adjuvant Activity in Inactive Bacterin Vaccines Using the Mice Model. Aras, Z; Başoglu, A; Erganiş, O; Özdemir, Ö; Sakmanoğlu, A; Sayın, Z; Uçan, US; Uslu, A, 2021)	1.7
"Boronic acids have been successfully employed as inhibitors of hydrolytic enzymes. "	( Potent Inhibition of Mandelate Racemase by Boronic Acids: Boron as a Mimic of a Carbon Acid Center. Bearne, SL; Grandinetti, L; Johnson, ER; Sharma, AN; St Maurice, M, 2020)	2.26
"Boron has been reported in recent years to augment the innate immune system and cell proliferation, which play an important role in the repair and regeneration of the injured tissue."	( Boron improves cardiac contractility and fibrotic remodeling following myocardial infarction injury. Ali, S; Bouchareb, R; Katz, M; Lebeche, D; Saadallah, N; Sassi, Y, 2020)	2.72
"Boron has an important potential for facilitating biological activity and for use in pharmaceutical drug design. "	( Therapeutic Effects of Newly Synthesized Boron Compounds (BGM and BGD) on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Berikten, D; Bolat, M; Gündüz, MK; Kaymak, G; Köse, DA, 2022)	2.43
"Boron agents have been used for both radiotherapy and chemotherapy."	( Organoboron Compounds: Effective Antibacterial and Antiparasitic Agents. Coghi, PS; Hosmane, NS; Xie, H; Zhang, Y; Zhu, Y, 2021)	1.82
"Boron has essential roles in plant growth and development. "	( Structural and functional insights into the mechanism of action of plant borate transporters. Alguel, Y; Barrit, JD; Byrne, B; Cameron, AD; Cecchetti, C; Jones, AME; Lehmann, S; Mohan, TC; Saouros, S; Scull, NJ; Simpson, P, 2021)	2.06
"Boron (B) has been implicated in mitigating Cd toxicity."	( Boron application mitigates Cd toxicity in leaves of rice by subcellular distribution, cell wall adsorption and antioxidant system. Ali, S; Kamran, M; Núñez-Delgado, A; Riaz, M; Rizwan, M; Wang, X; Zhou, Y, 2021)	2.79
"Boron has been reported to play an essential role in various organ developments and metabolisms."	( Effects of Boron Supplementation on Expression of Hsp70 in the Spleen of African Ostrich. Haseeb, K; Liu, HZ; Luo, Y; Peng, KM; Song, H; Sun, PP; Wang, J; Wu, XT; Xiao, K; Yang, KL; Zhong, JM, 2018)	1.59
"Boron has a broad range of physiological effects on biological systems at low concentrations, whereas it is toxic to at high concentrations."	( The importance of boron in biological systems. Karakaya, HC; Koc, A; Uluisik, I, 2018)	1.54
"Low boron profile has been related with poor immune function, increased risk of mortality, osteoporosis, and cognitive deterioration."	( The Physiological Role of Boron on Health. Juming, Z; Ke-Mei, P; Khaliq, H, 2018)	1.26
"Boron (B) has many beneficial functions in biological, metabolic and physiological processes for plants and animals. "	( The vital roles of boron in animal health and production: A comprehensive review. Abd El-Hack, ME; Abdelnour, SA; Losacco, C; Perillo, A; Swelum, AA, 2018)	2.25
"Boron deficiency has been known to induce brown heart, but the relationship between B tissue concentration and the development of brown heart has not been tested."	( Local boron concentrations in tuberous roots of Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus L.) negatively correlate with distribution of brown heart. Bian, B; Fujiwara, T; Hongkham, P; Kamiya, T; Niikura, S; Peng, D; Sotta, N, 2019)	1.72
"Boron (B) has been reported to alleviate Al toxicity."	( Boron supply maintains efficient antioxidant system, cell wall components and reduces aluminum concentration in roots of trifoliate orange. Aziz, O; Hussain, S; Jiang, C; Riaz, M; Wu, X; Yan, L, 2019)	2.68
"Boron, which has been suggested for its role in infection, is reported in this study to increase lymphocyte proliferation and the secretion of CMI by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages in BALB/c mice."	( Boron Induces Lymphocyte Proliferation and Modulates the Priming Effects of Lipopolysaccharide on Macrophages. Ali, S; Routray, I, 2016)	2.6
"Boron (B) toxicity has become important in areas close to the Mediterranean Sea where intensive agriculture has been developed. "	( Response of nitrogen metabolism to boron toxicity in tomato plants. Blasco, B; Cervilla, LM; Ríos, JJ; Romero, L; Rosales, MA; Rubio-Wilhelmi, MM; Ruiz, JM; Sánchez-Rodríguez, E, 2009)	2.07
"Boron has a positive effect on the early phase of bone regeneration of the midpalatal suture in response to expansion and may be beneficial in routine maxillary expansion procedures."	( Stimulation of bone formation by dietary boron in an orthopedically expanded suture in rabbits. Ozturk, F; Sonmez, MF; Ustdal, A; Uysal, T, 2009)	2.06
"Boron has been recognized for its importance in pentose synthesis and stabilization in prebiotic conditions."	( Desorption/ionization on porous silicon mass spectrometry studies on pentose-borate complexes. Benner, SA; Li, Q; Powell, DH; Ricardo, A; Winefordner, JD, 2005)	1.05
"Boron has well-defined biological effects and may be of therapeutic benefit. "	( Boron ameliorates fulminant hepatic failure by counteracting the changes associated with the oxidative stress. Ali, S; Pawa, S, 2006)	3.22
"Boron has been accumulated more than plant requirement in this area irrigated by this water."	( Effects on environment and agriculture of geothermal wastewater and boron pollution in great Menderes basin. Koç, C, 2007)	1.3
"Boron oxide has been shown in animals to irritate the respiratory mucosa and conjunctiva. "	( Respiratory and eye irritation from boron oxide and boric acid dusts. Bernstein, L; Garabrant, DH; Peters, JM; Smith, TJ, 1984)	1.99
"Boron has been recognized since 1923 as an essential micronutrient element for higher plants. "	( Proposed physiologic functions of boron in plants pertinent to animal and human metabolism. Blevins, DG; Lukaszewski, KM, 1994)	2.01
"As boron has been shown to have biological activity, research into the chemistry of boronated compounds has increased."	( In vivo and in vitro effects of boron and boronated compounds. Belleville, F; Benderdour, M; Bui-Van, T; Dicko, A, 1998)	1.1
"Boron (B) nutriture has been related to bone, mineral and lipid metabolism, energy utilization, and immune function. "	( The importance of boron nutrition for brain and psychological function. Penland, JG, 1998)	2.08
"Boron (B) compounds have been widely used in the chemical industry, agriculture, and environmental science. "	( Pharmacokinetics and effects after intravenous administration of high-dose boron to rat. Dote, T; Koizumi, C; Kono, K; Nagaie, H; Nakaya, H; Nishiura, H; Saito, M; Tagawa, T; Usuda, K, 2000)	1.98
"Boron has previously been shown to be a good marker for substances contained in detergent products, as it cannot be biodegraded and is not substantially adsorbed in the sewer, and there is little or no removal during sewage treatment processes."	( Measured variation in boron loads reaching European sewage treatment works. Cassani, G; Facchi, A; Fox, KK; Holt, MS; Poelloth, C; Schröder, FR, 2002)	1.35

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Boron deficiency promotes the redistribution of auxin in the root elongation zone."	( Phytohormones in plant responses to boron deficiency and toxicity. Chen, X; Shabala, S; Smith, SM; Yu, M, 2023)	1.91
"Boron plays roles in the metabolism of calcium, vitamin D, steroid hormones, healthy bone development, and maintenance of cell membranes. "	( High Doses of Boron Have No Protective Effect Against Nephrolithiasis or Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model. Aslaner, H; Ergul, AB; Ergul, MA; Kara, M; Karakukcu, C; Muhtaroglu, S; Tasdemir, A; Torun, YA; Zararsiz, GE, 2018)	2.28
"Boron (B) plays a very important role in the cell wall formation, sugar translocation, and reproduction of the rice crop and could play an important role in alleviating high temperature stress."	( Boron application improves yield of rice cultivars under high temperature stress during vegetative and reproductive stages. Bihari, P; Gautam, P; Katara, JL; Lal, B; Nayak, AK; Shahid, M; Tripathi, R, 2018)	2.64
"Boron (B) plays a well-known structural role in the cell wall, however the way of perceiving B deficiency by roots and transmitting this environmental signal to the nucleus to elicit a response is not well established. "	( Transcription factors as potential participants in the signal transduction pathway of boron deficiency. Camacho-Cristóbal, JJ; González-Fontes, A; Herrera-Rodríguez, MB; Navarro-Gochicoa, MT; Quiles-Pando, C; Rexach, J, 2013)	2.06
"Boron deficiencies cause major crop losses in several areas of the world, affecting reproduction and yield in diverse plant species."	( The boron efflux transporter ROTTEN EAR is required for maize inflorescence development and fertility. Buck, A; Chatterjee, M; Gallavotti, A; Galli, M; Malcomber, S; Muszynski, M; Tabi, Z, 2014)	1.68
"Boron plays important roles in many life processes including embryogenesis, bone growth and maintenance, immune function and psychomotor skills. "	( Strontium borate glass: potential biomaterial for bone regeneration. Chang, J; Huang, WH; Lam, WM; Li, LC; Li, ZY; Lin, KL; Lu, WW; Pan, HB; Wang, DP; Zhang, KB; Zhang, X; Zhao, XL, 2010)	1.8
"Boron likely plays a structural role in the plant cytoskeleton."	( Use of phenylboronic acids to investigate boron function in plants. Possible role of boron in transvacuolar cytoplasmic strands and cell-to-wall adhesion. Bassil, E; Brown, PH; Hu, H, 2004)	1.41

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Boron treatment resulted in increased fruit set (S1 and S2 stages) and mesocarp cell enlargement (S2 stage)."	( Boron stimulates fruit formation and reprograms developmental metabolism in sweet cherry. Adamakis, IS; Bazakos, C; Ganopoulos, I; Kollaros, M; Michailidis, M; Molassiotis, A; Tanou, G, )	2.3
"Boron treatment might be an effective approach for glioblastoma."	( Cytotoxic Effect of Boron Application on Glioblastoma Cells. Arslantas, A; Aydin, HE; Gunduz, MK; Kandemir, T; Kizmazoglu, C, 2021)	2.39
"The boron treatments did not significantly affect the calcium, copper, molybdenum, potassium phosphorus, and sulfur concentrations."	( Borate and boric acid supplementation of drinking water alters teeth and bone mineral density and composition differently in rabbits fed a high protein and energy diet. Basoglu, A; Dundar, N; Götz, W; Hakki, SS; Hamurcu, M; Kayis, SA; Malkoc, S; Nielsen, FH, 2021)	1.1
"Boron treatment of rats, mice, and dogs has been associated with testicular toxicity, characterized by inhibited spermiation at lower dose levels and a reduction in epididymal sperm count at higher dose levels. "	( An overview of male reproductive studies of boron with an emphasis on studies of highly exposed Chinese workers. Bonde, JP; Brüske-Hohlfeld, I; Culver, BD; Li, Y; Scialli, AR; Sullivan, FM, 2010)	2.06
"The boron treatments diminished growth, water relations and photosynthetic attributes along with nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase activity in the concentration dependent manner whereas, it enhanced lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, accumulation of H(2)O(2) as well as proline, and various antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of mung bean which were more pronounced at higher concentrations of boron."	( 28-Homobrassinolide mitigates boron induced toxicity through enhanced antioxidant system in Vigna radiata plants. Ahmad, A; Fariduddin, Q; Yusuf, M, 2011)	1.14
"All boron treatments significantly increased calcium and magnesium concentrations, and the B30 and B50 treatments increased the phosphorus concentration in tibia of rabbits fed the high energy diet."	( Boron enhances strength and alters mineral composition of bone in rabbits fed a high energy diet. Basoglu, A; Baspinar, N; Dundar, N; Hakki, EE; Hakki, SS; Hamurcu, M; Kayis, SA; Kerimoglu, U; Nielsen, FH, 2013)	2.31
"Boron-treated and untreated (control) cellulose insulation within the wall units were challenged with a suspension containing high concentrations of spores of five fungal species commonly found in indoor environments."	( Assessment of fungal growth on sodium polyborate-treated cellulose insulation. Herrera, J, 2005)	1.05

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Selenite was significantly more toxic than selenate to both species."	( Acute toxicity of boron, molybdenum, and selenium to fry of chinook salmon and coho salmon. Buhl, KJ; Hamilton, SJ, )	0.47
" Boron is an essential nutrient for plants, but can above certain concentrations be toxic to aquatic and terrestrial organisms."	( Safety assessment of boron in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Butterwick, L; de Oude, N; Raymond, K, 1989)	1.51
" The specific toxic effects of parylene were not examined in this present study."	( In vitro cytotoxicity testing of neodymium-iron-boron magnets. Donohue, VE; Evans, R; McDonald, F, 1995)	0.55
" The compounds, 5-ortho- (5-o-CP), 5-para- (5-p-CP), 5-nido- (5-n-CP) and 6-nido-carboranyl phenanthridinium (6-n-CP) showed varying toxic effects."	( Cytotoxicity and subcellular localization of boronated phenanthridinium analogues. Carlsson, J; Gedda, L; Silvander, M; Sjöberg, S; Tjarks, W, 1997)	0.56
" In a re-examination of the effect of boron on the embryo-larval stage in rainbow trout and zebrafish, adverse effects due to boron deficiency are observed which decrease with increasing dose."	( Toxicity of boron to rainbow trout: a weight-of-the-evidence assessment. Loewengart, G, 2001)	0.96
"Copper tetracarboranyltetraphenylporphyrin (CuTCPH) is a minimally toxic carborane-containing porphyrin that has safely delivered high concentrations of boron for experimental boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT)."	( Synthesis of copper octabromotetracarboranylphenylporphyrin for boron neutron capture therapy and its toxicity and biodistribution in tumour-bearing mice. Cook, SP; Makar, MS; Micca, PL; Miura, M; Morris, GM; Nawrocky, MM; Slatkin, DN, 2004)	0.76
" Concentrations of a range of metals in the elutriates predict that adverse biological effects would be observed during WID, however only 10% of the elutriate samples caused an adverse effect on Daphnia."	( Potential impacts of water injection dredging on water quality and ecotoxicity in Limehouse Basin, River Thames, SE England, UK. Dewhurst, RE; Penna, P; Spencer, KL, 2006)	0.33
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient that affects plant growth at either deficient or toxic concentrations in soil."	( An investigation of boron toxicity in barley using metabolomics. Bacic, A; Fincher, GB; Forbes, MG; Langridge, P; Patterson, JH; Roessner, U, 2006)	2.1
"Previous research has reported inconsistent results from experiments on the influence of boron (B) on plant sensitivity to potentially toxic aluminium (Al) concentrations."	( Boron-induced amelioration of aluminium toxicity in a monocot and a dicot species. Barceló, J; Corrales, I; Poschenrieder, C, 2008)	2.01
"Both limiting and toxic soil concentrations of the essential micronutrient boron represent major limitations to crop production worldwide."	( Boron-toxicity tolerance in barley arising from efflux transporter amplification. Baumann, U; Collins, NC; Hay, A; Hayes, J; Langridge, P; Mayo, G; Pallotta, M; Schnurbusch, T; Shi, BJ; Sutton, T; Tester, M, 2007)	2.01
"Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants, which when occurs in excess in the growth medium, becomes toxic to plants."	( Boron toxicity is alleviated by hydrogen sulfide in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings. Li, YX; Shi, L; Wang, BL; Zhang, WH, 2010)	3.25
" Experimentally, a NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) of 17."	( Reproductive toxicity parameters and biological monitoring in occupationally and environmentally boron-exposed persons in Bandirma, Turkey. Ataman, OY; Aydin, S; Aydos, K; Başaran, N; Bolt, HM; Düker, Y; Duydu, Y; Golka, K; Ickstadt, K; Ündeğer, Ü; Üstündağ, A; Waltrup, BS, 2011)	0.59
" Despite this, a high BA concentration is toxic for the plants, inhibiting root growth and is thus a significant problem in semi-arid areas in the world."	( A molecular framework for the inhibition of Arabidopsis root growth in response to boron toxicity. Aquea, F; Arce-Johnson, P; Federici, F; Haseloff, J; Jullian, P; Moscoso, C; Vega, A, 2012)	0.6
" For a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode, electrochemistry using Na₂SO₄ electrolyte produced a significantly more toxic effluent than when using NaCl electrolyte with all other conditions remaining the same."	( Using toxicity testing to evaluate electrochemical reactor operations. Chen, L; Kupferle, MJ; Saylor, GL, 2012)	0.83
" It clearly appears that human B exposures, even in the highest exposed cohorts, are too low to reach the blood (and target tissue) concentrations that would be required to exert adverse effects on reproductive functions."	( Human environmental and occupational exposures to boric acid: reconciliation with experimental reproductive toxicity data. Başaran, N; Bolt, HM; Duydu, Y, 2012)	0.38
" No observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) of 17."	( Safety assessment of boron by application of new uncertainty factors and their subdivision. Dourson, ML; Hasegawa, R; Hirata-Koizumi, M; Hirose, A; Ono, A; Parker, A, 2013)	0.71
" Toxic concentrations of the micronutrient Boron (B) in agricultural soils hamper the production of cereal and leguminous crops."	( Genetic analysis of tolerance to boron toxicity in the legume Medicago truncatula. Bogacki, P; Howie, J; Nair, RM; Oldach, KH; Peck, DM, 2013)	0.93
" It is not toxic to cells without activation by neutrons or photons."	( Chlorin e6 fused with a cobalt-bis(dicarbollide) nanoparticle provides efficient boron delivery and photoinduced cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Bregadze, VI; Efremenko, AV; Feofanov, AV; Grin, MA; Ignatova, AA; Mironov, AF; Sivaev, IB, 2014)	0.63
" In conclusion, a lack of toxic effects of L-(10)BPA was demonstrated, nevertheless accompanied by cellular stress phenomena (e."	( Blood-brain barrier (BBB) toxicity and permeability assessment after L-(4-¹⁰Boronophenyl)alanine, a conventional B-containing drug for boron neutron capture therapy, using an in vitro BBB model. Bernocchi, G; Coccini, T; Nion, S; Roda, E, 2014)	0.63
"Boron (B) is an important micronutrient for plant growth, but is toxic when levels are too high."	( Diversity in boron toxicity tolerance of Australian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes. Garcia, M; Hayes, JE; Öz, MT; Pallotta, M; Rongala, J; Sutton, T, 2015)	2.23
"Boric acid and sodium borates are classified as toxic to reproduction in the CLP Regulation under "Category 1B" with the hazard statement of "H360FD"."	( Is Boric Acid Toxic to Reproduction in Humans? Assessment of the Animal Reproductive Toxicity Data and Epidemiological Study Results. Ataman, OY; Aydın, S; Aydos, K; Başaran, N; Bolt, HM; Düker, Y; Duydu, Y; Golka, K; Ickstadt, K; Undeğer, U; Ustündağ, A; Waltrup, BS, 2016)	0.43
" In rabbit embryo-fetal development toxicity studies dosed via oral or dermal administration, the no observable adverse effect level for maternal toxicity and embryo-fetal toxicity was 50 mg/kg/d (16 times the MRHD) and 5% (26 times the MRHD), respectively."	( Tavaborole, a Novel Boron-Containing Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Agent for Topical Treatment of Onychomycosis: I. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Studies. Chanda, S; Ciaravino, V; Coronado, D; Hoberman, A; Lanphear, C, 2016)	0.76
" The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for maternal toxicity (F0 generation) was 60 mg/kg/d, based on the decreased activity observed in the 100 mg/kg/d dose group."	( Tavaborole, a Novel Boron-Containing Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Agent for Topical Treatment of Onychomycosis: II. Prenatal and Postnatal Developmental Toxicity and Maternal Function Study. Chanda, S; Ciaravino, V; Coronado, D; Hoberman, A; Lanphear, C, 2016)	0.76
"A boron delivery system with high therapeutic efficiency and low adverse effects is crucial for a successful boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT)."	( Use of boron cluster-containing redox nanoparticles with ROS scavenging ability in boron neutron capture therapy to achieve high therapeutic efficiency and low adverse effects. Gao, Z; Horiguchi, Y; Matsumura, A; Nagasaki, Y; Nakai, K; Ono, K; Suzuki, M, 2016)	1.61
" Despite its low abundance in soils, it could be highly toxic to plants in especially arid and semi-arid environments."	( Genome-wide transcriptome profiling of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) under boron toxicity revealed candidate genes responsible in boron uptake, transport and detoxification. Uylaş, S; Yıldırım, K, 2016)	0.66
"The contamination of surface and ground water by antibiotics is of significant importance due to their potential chronic toxic effects to the aquatic and human lives."	( Electrochemical mineralization of cephalexin using a conductive diamond anode: A mechanistic and toxicity investigation. Aquino, JM; Coledam, DAC; Eguiluz, KIB; Pupo, MMS; Salazar-Banda, GR; Silva, AJ; Silva, BF, 2017)	0.46
" Variation in B tolerance was first evaluated by screening a panel of 137 indica genotypes in B toxic conditions (+2 mM B), followed by genome-wide association study (GWAS)."	( Genetic factors underlying boron toxicity tolerance in rice: genome-wide association study and transcriptomic analysis. de Abreu Neto, JB; Frei, M; Hurtado-Perez, MC; Wimmer, MA, 2017)	0.75
" A hydroponic culture experiment was conducted with five B levels, B deficient (B0), sufficient (B20, B10, B40) and toxic (B100)."	( Deficiency and toxicity of boron: Alterations in growth, oxidative damage and uptake by citrange orange plants. Fahad, S; Jiang, C; Muhammad, R; Shah, A; Ullah, A; Wu, X; Yan, L, 2017)	0.75
" For this purpose, transpiration rate, water transport to the shoot and transcript levels of genes encoding four major PIP aquaporins were measured in Arabidopsis plants treated or not with a toxic B concentration."	( Boron Toxicity Reduces Water Transport from Root to Shoot in Arabidopsis Plants. Evidence for a Reduced Transpiration Rate and Expression of Major PIP Aquaporin Genes. Brejcha, R; Camacho-Cristóbal, JJ; Fujiwara, T; González-Fontes, A; Herrera-Rodríguez, MB; Macho-Rivero, MA; Schäffner, AR; Tanaka, N, 2018)	1.92
"Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal for both animals and plants."	( Effects of boron, silicon and their interactions on cadmium accumulation and toxicity in rice plants. Chen, D; Jia, L; Lin, X; Lin, Y; Long, J; Song, Y; Xue, R; Zeng, R, 2019)	0.9
" In the same months, the highest and abnormal boron contents were measured, which could cause a toxic effect of leachates."	( The analysis of the possibility of using biological tests for assessment of toxicity of leachate from an active municipal landfill. Przydatek, G, 2019)	0.77
"Membrane transporters control the movement and distribution of solutes, including the disposal or compartmentation of toxic substances that accumulate in plants under adverse environmental conditions."	( Plant transporters involved in combating boron toxicity: beyond 3D structures. Gilliham, M; Hrmova, M; Tyerman, SD, 2020)	0.82
" Boron (B) is a micronutrient that helps in the formation of the primary cell wall (CW) and alleviates negative effects of toxic elements on plant growth."	( Boron supply alleviates cadmium toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by enhancing cadmium adsorption on cell wall and triggering antioxidant defense system in roots. Ali, S; Deng, L; Fang, Y; Kamran, M; Riaz, M; Rizwan, M; Wang, Q; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Yang, G; Zhou, Y, 2021)	2.97
" However, exogenously applied SA relieved the adverse effects caused by B toxicity and led to an increase in growth parameters under B stress and non-stress conditions."	( Salicylic acid-mediated alleviation of soil boron toxicity in Mentha arvensis and Cymbopogon flexuosus: Growth, antioxidant responses, essential oil contents and components. Aftab, T; Choudhary, S; Khan, MMA; Mukarram, M; Naeem, M; Wani, KI; Zehra, A, 2021)	0.88
"Despite its low abundance during biological growth, excessive boron (B) is potentially toxic to both plants and humans."	( Transcriptome profiles reveal the protective role of seed coating with zinc against boron toxicity in maize (Zea mays L.). Chen, F; Fang, P; Gao, J; Li, W, 2022)	1.19
"Acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the popular and safe pain medications worldwide."	( Acetaminophen-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Suppression of Apoptosis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Using Boric Acid. Aytuğ, H; Çoban, FK; Demirel, HH; İnce, S; İslam, İ, 2023)	0.91
" However, the essential to a toxic range of B in the plant is exceptionally narrow, and symptoms develop with a slight change in its concentration in soil."	( Mechanistic insight on boron-mediated toxicity in plant Aftab, T; Altaf, MA; Behera, B; Kancheti, M; Kumar, A; Kumar, R; Lal, MK; Mangal, V; Rathod, G; Raza, MB; Shiv, A; Singh, B; Tiwari, RK, 2023)	1.22
"The physio-biochemical and molecular responses and mechanism of B uptake under its toxic condition have been illustrated."	( Mechanistic insight on boron-mediated toxicity in plant Aftab, T; Altaf, MA; Behera, B; Kancheti, M; Kumar, A; Kumar, R; Lal, MK; Mangal, V; Rathod, G; Raza, MB; Shiv, A; Singh, B; Tiwari, RK, 2023)	1.22
" Some plants have developed adaptive mechanisms to minimize the toxic effects of excessive B accumulation in their tissues."	( Role of ABA in the adaptive response of Arabidopsis plants to long-term boron toxicity treatment. Bahamonde, C; Camacho-Cristóbal, JJ; Fernández-Ocaña, AM; González-Fontes, A; Herrera-Rodríguez, MB; Martínez-Mazón, P; Rexach, J, 2023)	1.14
"Malachite green (MG), a toxic antibacterial agent, is widely used in the farming industry."	( Chaotropic Effect-Induced Self-Assembly of the Malachite Green and Boron Cluster for Toxicity Regulation and Photothermal Therapy. Chen, X; Li, WZ; Liu, X; Wang, XQ; Wang, ZX; Xu, SY; Ye, YY; Zhang, H, 2023)	1.15

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Boron concentrations were determined for all tissue and plasma samples, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using mixed effects modeling."	( Plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue biodistribution of boron following administration of a boronated porphyrin in dogs. Bauer, WF; Fike, JR; Kahl, SB; Sambol, NC; Tibbitts, J, 2000)	1.47
" Plasma concentration-time profiles of B were evaluated by a nonlinear least-squares method for fitting data to polyexponential equations and calculation of relevant pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Pharmacokinetics and effects after intravenous administration of high-dose boron to rat. Dote, T; Koizumi, C; Kono, K; Nagaie, H; Nakaya, H; Nishiura, H; Saito, M; Tagawa, T; Usuda, K, 2000)	0.54
" The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pregnancy on the plasma half-life and renal clearance of boron in Sprague-Dawley rats given a single oral dose of boric acid."	( The effect of pregnancy on renal clearance of boron in rats given boric acid orally. Andersen, ME; Culver, BD; Murray, FJ; Oveisi, F; Pahl, MV; Strong, PL; Vaziri, ND, 2001)	0.78
" The validity of this model was demonstrated by successfully predicting the average pharmacokinetic response for a cohort of patients who were administered BPA-F using an infusion schedule different from those used to derive the parameters of the model."	( A pharmacokinetic model for the concentration of 10B in blood after boronophenylalanine-fructose administration in humans. Busse, PM; Kiger, WS; Palmer, MR; Riley, KJ; Zamenhof, RG, 2001)	0.55
" In order to develop a model for selecting the optimum dosing paradigm, a pharmacokinetic correlation was established between the boron content of normal brain, solid tumor, and infiltrating tumor to the shallow tissue pharmacokinetic compartment (C2)."	( Pharmacokinetics of sodium borocaptate: a critical assessment of dosing paradigms for boron neutron capture therapy. Barth, RF; Ferketich, AK; Gibson, CR; Moeschberger, MM; Staubus, AE; Yang, W, )	0.56
" We report a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging method to estimate T/N ratio of tissue boron concentration based on pharmacokinetic analysis of amino acid probes."	( PET pharmacokinetic analysis to estimate boron concentration in tumor and brain as a guide to plan BNCT for malignant cerebral glioma. Inaji, M; Ishii, K; Ishiwata, K; Kimura, Y; Matsumura, A; Momose, T; Nariai, T; Ohno, K; Yamamoto, T, 2009)	0.84
" The (125)I-labeled PM micelles showed prolonged blood circulation (area under the concentration curve (AUC): 943."	( Pharmacokinetics of core-polymerized, boron-conjugated micelles designed for boron neutron capture therapy for cancer. Horiguchi, Y; Murotani, H; Nagasaki, Y; Oishi, M; Ono, K; Sumitani, S; Suzuki, M; Yaguchi, T; Yanagie, H, 2012)	0.65

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"This article presents a dosimetric investigation of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) combined with (252)Cf brachytherapy for brain tumour control."	( Brain tumour and infiltrations dosimetry of boron neutron capture therapy combined with 252Cf brachytherapy. Brandão, SF; Campos, TP, 2012)	0.89
"The effect of selenium yeast in combination with boron on both growth and quality of the muscle in broilers was investigated."	( Effects of Selenium Yeast in Combination with Boron on Muscle Growth and Muscle Quality in Broilers. Hu, Q; Jin, E; Jin, G; Li, S; Liang, L; Ren, M, 2019)	1.03
" Dispersive solid-phase microextraction (DSPME) was used in combination with smartphone digital image colorimetry (SDIC) to determine boron in nuts as an approach replacing existing costly alternatives."	( Smartphone digital image colorimetry combined with dispersive solid-phase microextraction for the determination of boron in food samples. Alshana, U; Bakırdere, S; Caleb, J; Ertaş, N, 2023)	1.32

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Aminopeptidase inhibitors may be useful for improving the systemic bioavailability of peptide drugs administered nasally or by other routes."	( Recovery of rat nasal mucosa from the effects of aminopeptidase inhibitors. Aungst, BJ; Hussain, MA; Koval, CA; Shenvi, AB, 1990)	0.28
" This result suggests that the oral bioavailability (F) of boron was complete."	( Serum and urinary boron levels in rats after single administration of sodium tetraborate. Dote, T; Goto, E; Iguchi, K; Kono, K; Nishiura, H; Orita, Y; Shirai, Y; Tagawa, T; Tominaga, M; Usuda, K, )	0.71
" Levels of B in aquatic plants growing in areas receiving B-rich runoff from irrigated fields are higher than dietary concentrations, which cause effects on the growth of young birds in the laboratory; however, the bioavailability in the field of such plant-accumulated B is uncertain."	( A review of boron effects in the environment. Howe, PD, 1998)	0.68
" Bioturbation of surficial forest soil layers cannot account for these fractions and transformations of Fe, and we hypothesize that the secondary forest's large inputs of organic additions over four decades has fundamentally altered soil Fe oxides, potentially altering the bioavailability and retention of macro- and micronutrients, contaminants, and organic matter itself."	( Four-decade responses of soil trace elements to an aggrading old-field forest: B, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe. Heine, P; Li, J; Mendoza, A; Richter, DD, 2008)	0.35
"Boron (B) is an essential element for plants and animals growth that interacts with mineral surfaces regulating its bioavailability and mobility in soils, sediments, and natural ecosystems."	( The interaction of boron with goethite: experiments and CD-MUSIC modeling. Goli, E; Hiemstra, T; Malakouti, MJ; Rahnemaie, R, 2011)	2.14
" Because of their chemistry and possible conjugation with proteins, they can also be used to enhance interactions between pharmaceuticals and their targets and to increase the in vivo stability and bioavailability of compounds that are normally metabolized rapidly."	( In silico carborane docking to proteins and potential drug targets. Calvaresi, M; Zerbetto, F, 2011)	0.37
" Dietary combination with B and PHY did not create a synergism with regard to growth performance and bioavailability of the minerals."	( Effects of dietary boron and phytase supplementation on growth performance and mineral profile of broiler chickens fed on diets adequate or deficient in calcium and phosphorus. Akşit, H; Bintaş, E; Bozkurt, M; Çatli, AU; Çinar, M; Konak, R; Küçükyilmaz, K; Seyrek, K; Yamaner, Ç, 2015)	0.75
"Low redox potential in flooded soils may affect phosphate bioavailability by reducing iron oxides or formation of new minerals."	( Modeling the effects of humic acid and anoxic condition on phosphate adsorption onto goethite. Amini, M; Antelo, J; Fiol, S; Rahnemaie, R, 2020)	0.56
" The underlying factors controlling micronutrient bioavailability in a soil-plant system were examined using chemical and spectroscopic speciation techniques."	( Response of wheat, pea, and canola to micronutrient fertilization on five contrasting prairie soils. Rahman, N; Schoenau, J, 2020)	0.56
"The bioavailability of heavy metals in compost is critical for their agronomic value."	( Effect of inorganic additives (rock phosphate, PR and boron waste, BW) on the passivation of Cu, Zn during pig manure composting. Liu, H; Ou, Y; Prasher, SO; Wang, L; Yan, B; Zhong, R, 2021)	0.87
" The poor bioavailability and irregular plasma drug levels of conventional drug delivery systems (tablets, capsules, syrups, etc."	( Stimuli-Responsive Boron-Based Materials in Drug Delivery. Chokkalingam, P; Das, BC; Das, S; Masilamani, P; Shukla, S, 2023)	1.24
" (Wilczek)] is considered as an extremely nutritious crop possessing a high level of micronutrients, but their low bioavailability in the crop leads to micronutrient malnutrition in humans."	( Biofortification of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. (Wilczek)) with boron, zinc and iron alters its grain yield and nutrition. Barek, V; Dhaliwal, SS; Gaber, A; Hossain, A; Kaur, J; Kaur, M; Sharma, V; Shukla, AK; Singh, P; Verma, V, 2023)	1.15

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Goats were orally dosed with toxic but sublethal amounts of the fertilizer."	( Experimental acute inorganic boron toxicosis in the goat: effects on serum chemistry and CSF biogenic amines. Bondari, K; Bowen, JM; Colvin, BM; Merrill, A; Sisk, DB, 1990)	0.57
" The mechanisms underlying these effects and available data on dose-response relationships are discussed in connection with human health hazards possibly associated with continuous low-level absorption of boron compounds."	( Toxicology and health impact of environmental exposure to boron. A review. Candura, SM; Di Nucci, A; Gregotti, C; Manzo, L; Minoia, C; Tonini, M, )	0.56
" Such a careful blood-10B monitoring procedure is a prerequisite for accurately obtaining such steep dose-response curves as observed during the dog study."	( Monitoring of blood-10B concentration for boron neutron capture therapy using prompt gamma-ray analysis. Dewit, L; Haritz, D; Huiskamp, R; Konijnenberg, MW; Mijnheer, BJ; Philipp, K; Raaijmakers, CP; Siefert, A; Stecher-Rasmussen, F, 1995)	0.56
"5 micrograms/g) after oral dosing with BPA."	( Response of rat skin to boron neutron capture therapy with p-boronophenylalanine or borocaptate sodium. Coderre, JA; Hopewell, JW; Micca, PL; Morris, GM; Rezvani, M, 1994)	0.6
" When diet supplementation with coconut oil and cholesterol for 21 days and regular dosing with hydrocortisone for 7 days before the studies was used to down-regulate the liver LDL receptors and the adrenal receptors, respectively, the tumour-blood boron concentration ratio of 5:1 was achieved."	( Selective uptake of boronated low-density lipoprotein in melanoma xenografts achieved by diet supplementation. Allen, BJ; Moore, DE; Setiawan, Y, 1996)	0.8
" As boron was excreted mainly into urine, these results suggest that renal function failure might occur with dosing of 300 mg/kg."	( Distribution and excretion of boron after intravenous administration of disodium mercaptoundecahydro-closo-dodecaborate to rats. Ikeuchi, I; Kadono, K; Kanazu, T; Miyamoto, H; Mizobuchi, M; Nakajima, Y; Nakamoto, K; Yamaguchi, T, 1998)	1.15
" Death occurred within 10 min (acute type) or from 5 hr to 2 days (delayed type) after dosing in the 600 mg/kg group."	( [Single and 2-week repeated intravenous dose toxicity studies of disodium mercaptoundecahydro-closo-dodecaborate in rats]. Ikeuchi, I; Itoh, F; Muraoka, Y; Ohno, K; Yabuuchi, K, 1998)	0.3
"Fish in the embryo-larval stage of development have been shown to be sensitive to boron (B) at both ends of the dose-response curve (1,2)."	( The response of trout and zebrafish embryos to low and high boron concentrations is U-shaped. Bouzan, C; Eckhert, CD; Nabili, S; Rowe, RI, 1998)	0.77
" The comparison of dose-response curves and its alteration, due to changes in the cells and plants environment during and after irradiation, explains the observed differences."	( Relative biological efficiency for the induction of various gene mutations in normal and enriched with 10B Tradescantia cells by neutrons from 252Cf source. Cebulska-Wasilewska, A; Kim, JK; Schneider, K, 2001)	0.31
" The first choice under the guidelines is to use a chemical-specific, biologically based dose-response (BBDR) model."	( Applications of mechanistic data in risk assessment: the past, present, and future. Dollarhide, JS; Dourson, ML; Haber, LT; Maier, A; Savage, RE; Zhao, Q, 2001)	0.31
" As boron concentration is further increased, the dose-response curve becomes flat as homeostatic processes are active; this is followed at higher doses by a new adverse response that increases with increasing dose."	( Toxicity of boron to rainbow trout: a weight-of-the-evidence assessment. Loewengart, G, 2001)	1.25
" Substantial genotoxic potential of alpha and lithium particles generated inside or near the malignant cell by the BNC reaction was observed in a dose-response manner as measured by the frequency of micronucleated binucleated melanoma cells and by the number of micronuclei (MN) per binucleated cell."	( Evaluation of the genotoxic effects of the boron neutron capture reaction in human melanoma cells using the cytokinesis block micronucleus assay. Cassapo, R; Castro, M; Chaveca, T; Fernandes, AP; Gonçalves, IC; Oliveira, NG; Rodrigues, AS; Rueff, J; Toscano-Rico, JM, 2001)	0.57
" coli cell lethality and dose-response for decreasing the survival fraction to 10 percent."	( Relationship between LET and RBE values for Escherichia coli determined using carbon ion beams from the TIARA cyclotron and HIMAC synchrotron. Akagi, K; Akashi, M; Furusawa, Y; Hachiya, M; Harada, K; Imamura, M; Inoue, K; Kobayashi, Y; Mizuma, N; Murata, T; Nagaoka, S; Nakano, T; Obiya, Y; Ohnishi, T; Takahashi, S; Tanaka, Y; Watanabe, H; Yamanaka, H, 1997)	0.3
" Dose-response data were fitted using probit analysis and the doses required to produce a 50% incidence rate of early and late skin changes or myeloparesis (ED(50) +/- SE) were calculated from these curves."	( Porphyrin-mediated boron neutron capture therapy: evaluation of the reactions of skin and central nervous system. Coderre, JA; Hopewell, JW; Micca, PL; Miura, M; Morris, GM; Nawrocky, M, 2003)	0.65
" In another trial (protocol P-03), three patients with recurring or progressing glioblastoma following surgery and conventional cranial radiotherapy to 50-60 Gy, were treated with BPA-based BNCT using the BPA dosage of 290 mg/kg."	( Boron neutron capture therapy of brain tumors: clinical trials at the finnish facility using boronophenylalanine. Auterinen, I; Brander, A; Färkkilä, M; Jääskeläinen, J; Järviluoma, E; Joensuu, H; Kallio, M; Kankaanranta, L; Karila, J; Kortesniemi, M; Kotiluoto, P; Kulvik, M; Laakso, J; Minn, H; Paetau, A; Ruokonen, I; Ryynänen, P; Savolainen, S; Seppälä, T; Serén, T; Tenhunen, M; Vähätalo, J, )	1.57
" In order to develop a model for selecting the optimum dosing paradigm, a pharmacokinetic correlation was established between the boron content of normal brain, solid tumor, and infiltrating tumor to the shallow tissue pharmacokinetic compartment (C2)."	( Pharmacokinetics of sodium borocaptate: a critical assessment of dosing paradigms for boron neutron capture therapy. Barth, RF; Ferketich, AK; Gibson, CR; Moeschberger, MM; Staubus, AE; Yang, W, )	0.56
" The gel particles carry large amounts of boron-10 and are theoretically able effect a meaningful tissue dosing through BNCT."	( Avidin self-associates with boric acid gel suspensions: an affinity boron carrier that might be developed for boron neutron-capture therapy. Bench, BJ; Gooch, J; Hamilton, C; Johnson, R; Wright, JR, 2004)	0.82
" After controlling for age, race, education, smoking, body mass index, dietary caloric intake, and alcohol consumption, increased dietary boron intake was associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer with a dose-response pattern."	( Dietary boron intake and prostate cancer risk. Cui, Y; De Kernion, JB; Eckhert, CD; Marshall, J; Rainey, C; Winton, MI; Zhang, ZF, 2004)	0.96
" During the experimental part of this study, the effect of parameters such as pH, agitation time, initial boron concentration, temperature, adsorbent dosage and foreign ion on boron removal were observed."	( Adsorption of boron from aqueous solutions using fly ash: batch and column studies. Kavak, D; Oztürk, N, 2005)	0.9
" For higher dosage of Cerium, the absorbance edge shifts to blue slightly."	( [Preparation and photocatalytic activity of boron doped CeO2/TiO2 mixed oxides]. Liang, JR; Tang, XH; Wang, BG; Wei, CH, 2006)	0.59
"03, mean +/- SEM) for all irradiation modalities and showed no dose-response as a function of blood vessel dose, even as the dose crossed the threshold for death from the GI syndrome."	( No significant endothelial apoptosis in the radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome. Binns, PJ; Coderre, JA; Cormier, KS; Hawthorne, MF; Julius, R; Riley, KJ; Rogers, AB; Schuller, BW, 2007)	0.34
" Although a strong relationship between fly ash dosage and available nitrogen concentration was obtained in alkaline stabilisation process, no significant correlation was found between the two parameters in alkaline pasteurisation process."	( The effects of fly ash incorporation on some available nutrient contents of wastewater sludges. Alkan, U; Başkaya, HS; Topaç, FO, 2008)	0.35
" The ED(50) values derived from probit analyses of the early breathing rate dose-response data for X rays and neutrons were 11."	( Functional and histological changes in rat lung after boron neutron capture therapy. Binns, PJ; Busse, PM; Coderre, JA; Harling, OK; Hopewell, JW; Kiger, JL; Kiger, WS; Patel, H; Riley, KJ, 2008)	0.59
" In addition, the effects of parameters such as calcination temperature, pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage and initial boron concentration on boron removal were investigated."	( Removal of boron from aqueous solutions by batch adsorption on calcined alunite using experimental design. Kavak, D, 2009)	0.95
" However, with subsequent addition of higher rates of B and Zn progressively increased the selective growth and flower characters to some extent and beyond the further increment of the dosage declined the results noticeably."	( Performance of Gladiolus as influenced by boron and zinc. Begam, KA; Gomes, R; Halder, NK; Rafiuddin, M; Siddiky, MA, 2007)	0.6
" The combined cationic and anionic polymers are able to clarify the ceramic wastewater under the optimum conditions (dosage of KP 1200 B cationic polymer=100 mg/L, dosage of AP 120 C anionic polymer=50 mg/L, mixing speed=200 rpm)."	( Removal of boron from ceramic industry wastewater by adsorption-flocculation mechanism using palm oil mill boiler (POMB) bottom ash and polymer. Chieng, HJ; Chong, MF; Lee, KP; Syazwani Binti Ramli, II, 2009)	0.74
" For both B+ groups, boron was prepared in distilled water and given to the rabbits during their (1) nursery phase (40 days), (2) expansion phase, and (3) retention period at a dosage of 3 mg/kg daily by oral gavage."	( Stimulation of bone formation by dietary boron in an orthopedically expanded suture in rabbits. Ozturk, F; Sonmez, MF; Ustdal, A; Uysal, T, 2009)	0.94
" These methods were successfully applied for the analysis of fosamprenavir pharmaceutical dosage forms, human serum and urine samples."	( Electrochemical evaluation and determination of antiretroviral drug fosamprenavir using boron-doped diamond and glassy carbon electrodes. Gumustas, M; Ozkan, SA, 2010)	0.58
"A simple, reliable and selective differential pulse (DP) and square wave (SW) voltammetric methods at glassy carbon (GC) and boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes of lornoxicam in pharmaceutical dosage form and in spiked human serum samples have been developed and evaluated."	( Applications of carbon based electrodes for voltammetric determination of lornoxicam in pharmaceutical dosage form and human serum. Bozal, B; Uslu, B, 2010)	0.57
" No electroactive interferences from the excipients and endegenous substances were found in the pharmaceutical dosage form and the biological sample, respectively."	( Anodic voltammetry of zolmitriptan at boron-doped diamond electrode and its analytical applications. Canbaz, D; Uslu, B, 2010)	0.63
" The proposed methods were applied for the determination of ziprasidone from pharmaceutical dosage forms and human serum samples without any time-consuming extraction, separation, evaporation or adsorption steps prior to drug assay except precipitation of the proteins using acetonitrile."	( Electroanalytical characteristics of antipsychotic drug ziprasidone and its determination in pharmaceuticals and serum samples on solid electrodes. Gumustas, M; Kul, D; Ozkan, SA; Uslu, B, 2010)	0.36
"To assess the potential efficacy, safety, and optimal dosing concentration of tavaborole, a novel, boron-based pharmaceutical agent with broad-spectrum antifungal activity, for the treatment of onychomycosis of the toenail due to dermatophytes."	( The efficacy and safety of tavaborole, a novel, boron-based pharmaceutical agent: phase 2 studies conducted for the topical treatment of toenail onychomycosis. Bucko, A; Herz-Ruelas, ME; Jarratt, MT; Jones, TM; Ocampo-Candiani, J; Pollak, RA; Toledo-Bahena, ME; Zane, LT, 2014)	0.87
"5%, were generally mild to moderate, and resolved with treatment discontinuation and/or a reduction in dosing frequency."	( The efficacy and safety of tavaborole, a novel, boron-based pharmaceutical agent: phase 2 studies conducted for the topical treatment of toenail onychomycosis. Bucko, A; Herz-Ruelas, ME; Jarratt, MT; Jones, TM; Ocampo-Candiani, J; Pollak, RA; Toledo-Bahena, ME; Zane, LT, 2014)	0.66
" During the same period, each of the three other groups received a different dosage of B (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg/d, respectively) and malathion (100 mg/kg/d) by gastric gavage."	( Boron attenuates malathion-induced oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in rats. Coban, FK; Demirel, HH; Hazman, O; Ince, S; Kucukkurt, I, 2015)	1.86
" For the (10)B(n, α)(7)Li reaction, linear dose-response relations for dicentrics with coefficients α = 0."	( The effectiveness of the high-LET radiations from the boron neutron capture [10B(n,α) 7Li] reaction determined for induction of chromosome aberrations and apoptosis in lymphocytes of human blood samples. Canella, L; Kudejova, P; Röhrmoser, A; Schmid, E; Schmid, TE; Wagner, FM, 2015)	0.67
" The effects of various reaction parameters such as H2O2 dosage, temperature, initial pH value, Fe–Si–B dosage and initial RhB concentration on the degradation of RhB were studied."	( Efficient degradation of rhodamine B using Fe-based metallic glass catalyst by Fenton-like process. Pan, Y; Wang, X; Wu, J; Zhu, Z, 2014)	0.4
" In rabbit embryo-fetal development toxicity studies dosed via oral or dermal administration, the no observable adverse effect level for maternal toxicity and embryo-fetal toxicity was 50 mg/kg/d (16 times the MRHD) and 5% (26 times the MRHD), respectively."	( Tavaborole, a Novel Boron-Containing Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Agent for Topical Treatment of Onychomycosis: I. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Studies. Chanda, S; Ciaravino, V; Coronado, D; Hoberman, A; Lanphear, C, 2016)	0.76
" The current study opens a new dimension for controlling contaminant removal by FO using tailored DS chemistry, where the RSD-induced localized water chemistry change is taken advantage in contrast to the conventional method of chemical dosing to the bulk feed water."	( Enhancing boron rejection in FO using alkaline draw solutions. Li, W; Tang, CY; Wang, R; Wang, YN, 2017)	0.86
" Therefore, at present the best way to further improve the clinical efficacy of BNCT would be to optimize the dosing paradigms and delivery of BPA and BSH, either alone or in combination, with the hope that future research will identify new and better boron delivery agents for clinical use."	( Boron delivery agents for neutron capture therapy of cancer. Barth, RF; Mi, P; Yang, W, 2018)	2.1
" So the aim of this narrative review was to consider the state of the art on the effectiveness of boron supplementation (alone or with other micronutrients) on growth and maintenance of bone in humans through control of calcium, vitamin D and sex steroid hormone metabolism in order to suggest a daily dosage of boron supplementation."	( Pivotal role of boron supplementation on bone health: A narrative review. Faliva, MA; Gasparri, C; Iannello, G; Infantino, V; Perna, S; Peroni, G; Petrangolini, G; Riva, A; Rondanelli, M; Tartara, A, 2020)	1.12
" Serum level of BMP-2, BGP, and GCs changed significantly in groups with low dosage of boron, and OPG/RANKL ratio was upregulated from 0 to 160 mg/L."	( Boron Supplementation Promotes Osteogenesis of Tibia by Regulating the Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Expression in African Ostrich Chicks. Ansari, AR; Liu, H; Peng, K; Qiu, W; Song, H; Wang, L; Wang, W; Xiao, K; Zheng, X; Zhong, J; Zhu, D, 2021)	2.29
"Findings will provide timely information on the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing of t-PA to treat moderate/severe COVID-19-induced ARDS, which can be rapidly adapted to a phase III trial (NCT04357730; FDA IND 149634)."	( Abbasi, S; Abd El-Wahab, A; Abdallah, M; Abebe, G; Aca-Aca, G; Adama, S; Adefegha, SA; Adidigue-Ndiome, R; Adiseshaiah, P; Adrario, E; Aghajanian, C; Agnese, W; Ahmad, A; Ahmad, I; Ahmed, MFE; Akcay, OF; Akinmoladun, AC; Akutagawa, T; Alakavuklar, MA; Álava-Rabasa, S; Albaladejo-Florín, MJ; Alexandra, AJE; Alfawares, R; Alferiev, IS; Alghamdi, HS; Ali, I; Allard, B; Allen, JD; Almada, E; Alobaid, A; Alonso, GL; Alqahtani, YS; Alqarawi, W; Alsaleh, H; Alyami, BA; Amaral, BPD; Amaro, JT; Amin, SAW; Amodio, E; Amoo, ZA; Andia Biraro, I; Angiolella, L; Anheyer, D; Anlay, DZ; Annex, BH; Antonio-Aguirre, B; Apple, S; Arbuznikov, AV; Arinsoy, T; Armstrong, DK; Ash, S; Aslam, M; Asrie, F; Astur, DC; Atzrodt, J; Au, DW; Aucoin, M; Auerbach, EJ; Azarian, S; Ba, D; Bai, Z; Baisch, PRM; Balkissou, AD; Baltzopoulos, V; Banaszewski, M; Banerjee, S; Bao, Y; Baradwan, A; Barandika, JF; Barger, PM; Barion, MRL; Barrett, CD; Basudan, AM; Baur, LE; Baz-Rodríguez, SA; Beamer, P; Beaulant, A; Becker, DF; Beckers, C; Bedel, J; Bedlack, R; Bermúdez de Castro, JM; Berry, JD; Berthier, C; Bhattacharya, D; Biadgo, B; Bianco, G; Bianco, M; Bibi, S; Bigliardi, AP; Billheimer, D; Birnie, DH; Biswas, K; Blair, HC; Bognetti, P; Bolan, PJ; Bolla, JR; Bolze, A; Bonnaillie, P; Borlimi, R; Bórquez, J; Bottari, NB; Boulleys-Nana, JR; Brighetti, G; Brodeur, GM; Budnyak, T; Budnyk, S; Bukirwa, VD; Bulman, DM; Burm, R; Busman-Sahay, K; Butcher, TW; Cai, C; Cai, H; Cai, L; Cairati, M; Calvano, CD; Camacho-Ordóñez, A; Camela, E; Cameron, T; Campbell, BS; Cansian, RL; Cao, Y; Caporale, AS; Carciofi, AC; Cardozo, V; Carè, J; Carlos, AF; Carozza, R; Carroll, CJW; Carsetti, A; Carubelli, V; Casarotta, E; Casas, M; Caselli, G; Castillo-Lora, J; Cataldi, TRI; Cavalcante, ELB; Cavaleiro, A; Cayci, Z; Cebrián-Tarancón, C; Cedrone, E; Cella, D; Cereda, C; Ceretti, A; Ceroni, M; Cha, YH; Chai, X; Chang, EF; Chang, TS; Chanteux, H; Chao, M; Chaplin, BP; Chaturvedi, S; Chaturvedi, V; Chaudhary, DK; Chen, A; Chen, C; Chen, HY; Chen, J; Chen, JJ; Chen, K; Chen, L; Chen, Q; Chen, R; Chen, SY; Chen, TY; Chen, WM; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Cheng, G; Cheng, GJ; Cheng, J; Cheng, YH; Cheon, HG; Chew, KW; Chhoker, S; Chiu, WN; Choi, ES; Choi, MJ; Choi, SD; Chokshi, S; Chorny, M; Chu, KI; Chu, WJ; Church, AL; Cirrincione, A; Clamp, AR; Cleff, MB; Cohen, M; Coleman, RL; Collins, SL; Colombo, N; Conduit, N; Cong, WL; Connelly, MA; Connor, J; Cooley, K; Correa Ramos Leal, I; Cose, S; Costantino, C; Cottrell, M; Cui, L; Cundall, J; Cutaia, C; Cutler, CW; Cuypers, ML; da Silva Júnior, FMR; Dahal, RH; Damiani, E; Damtie, D; Dan-Li, W; Dang, Z; Dasa, SSK; Davin, A; Davis, DR; de Andrade, CM; de Jong, PL; de Oliveira, D; de Paula Dorigam, JC; Dean, A; Deepa, M; Delatour, C; Dell'Aiera, S; Delley, MF; den Boer, RB; Deng, L; Deng, Q; Depner, RM; Derdau, V; Derici, U; DeSantis, AJ; Desmarini, D; Diffo-Sonkoue, L; Divizia, M; Djenabou, A; Djordjevic, JT; Dobrovolskaia, MA; Domizi, R; Donati, A; Dong, Y; Dos Santos, M; Dos Santos, MP; Douglas, RG; Duarte, PF; Dullaart, RPF; Duscha, BD; Edwards, LA; Edwards, TE; Eichenwald, EC; El-Baba, TJ; Elashiry, M; Elashiry, MM; Elashry, SH; Elliott, A; Elsayed, R; Emerson, MS; Emmanuel, YO; Emory, TH; Endale-Mangamba, LM; Enten, GA; Estefanía-Fernández, K; Estes, JD; Estrada-Mena, FJ; Evans, S; Ezra, L; Faria de, RO; Farraj, AK; Favre, C; Feng, B; Feng, J; Feng, L; Feng, W; Feng, X; Feng, Z; Fernandes, CLF; Fernández-Cuadros, ME; Fernie, AR; Ferrari, D; Florindo, PR; Fong, PC; Fontes, EPB; Fontinha, D; Fornari, VJ; Fox, NP; Fu, Q; Fujitaka, Y; Fukuhara, K; Fumeaux, T; Fuqua, C; Fustinoni, S; Gabbanelli, V; Gaikwad, S; Gall, ET; Galli, A; Gancedo, MA; Gandhi, MM; Gao, D; Gao, K; Gao, M; Gao, Q; Gao, X; Gao, Y; Gaponenko, V; Garber, A; Garcia, EM; García-Campos, C; García-Donas, J; García-Pérez, AL; Gasparri, F; Ge, C; Ge, D; Ge, JB; Ge, X; George, I; George, LA; Germani, G; Ghassemi Tabrizi, S; Gibon, Y; Gillent, E; Gillies, RS; Gilmour, MI; Goble, S; Goh, JC; Goiri, F; Goldfinger, LE; Golian, M; Gómez, MA; Gonçalves, J; Góngora-García, OR; Gonul, I; González, MA; Govers, TM; Grant, PC; Gray, EH; Gray, JE; Green, MS; Greenwald, I; Gregory, MJ; Gretzke, D; Griffin-Nolan, RJ; Griffith, DC; Gruppen, EG; Guaita, A; Guan, P; Guan, X; Guerci, P; Guerrero, DT; Guo, M; Guo, P; Guo, R; Guo, X; Gupta, J; Guz, G; Hajizadeh, N; Hamada, H; Haman-Wabi, AB; Han, TT; Hannan, N; Hao, S; Harjola, VP; Harmon, M; Hartmann, MSM; Hartwig, JF; Hasani, M; Hawthorne, WJ; Haykal-Coates, N; Hazari, MS; He, DL; He, P; He, SG; Héau, C; Hebbar Kannur, K; Helvaci, O; Heuberger, DM; Hidalgo, F; Hilty, MP; Hirata, K; Hirsch, A; Hoffman, AM; Hoffmann, JF; Holloway, RW; Holmes, RK; Hong, S; Hongisto, M; Hopf, NB; Hörlein, R; Hoshino, N; Hou, Y; Hoven, NF; Hsieh, YY; Hsu, CT; Hu, CW; Hu, JH; Hu, MY; Hu, Y; Hu, Z; Huang, C; Huang, D; Huang, DQ; Huang, L; Huang, Q; Huang, R; Huang, S; Huang, SC; Huang, W; Huang, Y; Huffman, KM; Hung, CH; Hung, CT; Huurman, R; Hwang, SM; Hyun, S; Ibrahim, AM; Iddi-Faical, A; Immordino, P; Isla, MI; Jacquemond, V; Jacques, T; Jankowska, E; Jansen, JA; Jäntti, T; Jaque-Fernandez, F; Jarvis, GA; Jatt, LP; Jeon, JW; Jeong, SH; Jhunjhunwala, R; Ji, F; Jia, X; Jia, Y; Jian-Bo, Z; Jiang, GD; Jiang, L; Jiang, W; Jiang, WD; Jiang, Z; Jiménez-Hoyos, CA; Jin, S; Jobling, MG; John, CM; John, T; Johnson, CB; Jones, KI; Jones, WS; Joseph, OO; Ju, C; Judeinstein, P; Junges, A; Junnarkar, M; Jurkko, R; Kaleka, CC; Kamath, AV; Kang, X; Kantsadi, AL; Kapoor, M; Karim, Z; Kashuba, ADM; Kassa, E; Kasztura, M; Kataja, A; Katoh, T; Kaufman, JS; Kaupp, M; Kehinde, O; Kehrenberg, C; Kemper, N; Kerr, CW; Khan, AU; Khan, MF; Khan, ZUH; Khojasteh, SC; Kilburn, S; Kim, CG; Kim, DU; Kim, DY; Kim, HJ; Kim, J; Kim, OH; Kim, YH; King, C; Klein, A; Klingler, L; Knapp, AK; Ko, TK; Kodavanti, UP; Kolla, V; Kong, L; Kong, RY; Kong, X; Kore, S; Kortz, U; Korucu, B; Kovacs, A; Krahnert, I; Kraus, WE; Kuang, SY; Kuehn-Hajder, JE; Kurz, M; Kuśtrowski, P; Kwak, YD; Kyttaris, VC; Laga, SM; Laguerre, A; Laloo, A; Langaro, MC; Langham, MC; Lao, X; Larocca, MC; Lassus, J; Lattimer, TA; Lazar, S; Le, MH; Leal, DB; Leal, M; Leary, A; Ledermann, JA; Lee, JF; Lee, MV; Lee, NH; Leeds, CM; Leeds, JS; Lefrandt, JD; Leicht, AS; Leonard, M; Lev, S; Levy, K; Li, B; Li, C; Li, CM; Li, DH; Li, H; Li, J; Li, L; Li, LJ; Li, N; Li, P; Li, T; Li, X; Li, XH; Li, XQ; Li, XX; Li, Y; Li, Z; Li, ZY; Liao, YF; Lin, CC; Lin, MH; Lin, Y; Ling, Y; Links, TP; Lira-Romero, E; Liu, C; Liu, D; Liu, H; Liu, J; Liu, L; Liu, LP; Liu, M; Liu, T; Liu, W; Liu, X; Liu, XH; Liu, Y; Liuwantara, D; Ljumanovic, N; Lobo, L; Lokhande, K; Lopes, A; Lopes, RMRM; López-Gutiérrez, JC; López-Muñoz, MJ; López-Santamaría, M; Lorenzo, C; Lorusso, D; Losito, I; Lu, C; Lu, H; Lu, HZ; Lu, SH; Lu, SN; Lu, Y; Lu, ZY; Luboga, F; Luo, JJ; Luo, KL; Luo, Y; Lutomski, CA; Lv, W; M Piedade, MF; Ma, J; Ma, JQ; Ma, JX; Ma, N; Ma, P; Ma, S; Maciel, M; Madureira, M; Maganaris, C; Maginn, EJ; Mahnashi, MH; Maierhofer, M; Majetschak, M; Malla, TR; Maloney, L; Mann, DL; Mansuri, A; Marelli, E; Margulis, CJ; Marrella, A; Martin, BL; Martín-Francés, L; Martínez de Pinillos, M; Martínez-Navarro, EM; Martinez-Quintanilla Jimenez, D; Martínez-Velasco, A; Martínez-Villaseñor, L; Martinón-Torres, M; Martins, BA; Massongo, M; Mathew, AP; Mathews, D; Matsui, J; Matsumoto, KI; Mau, T; Maves, RC; Mayclin, SJ; Mayer, JM; Maynard, ND; Mayr, T; Mboowa, MG; McEvoy, MP; McIntyre, RC; McKay, JA; McPhail, MJW; McVeigh, AL; Mebazaa, A; Medici, V; Medina, DN; Mehmood, T; Mei-Li, C; Melku, M; Meloncelli, S; Mendes, GC; Mendoza-Velásquez, C; Mercadante, R; Mercado, MI; Merenda, MEZ; Meunier, J; Mi, SL; Michels, M; Mijatovic, V; Mikhailov, V; Milheiro, SA; Miller, DC; Ming, F; Mitsuishi, M; Miyashita, T; Mo, J; Mo, S; Modesto-Mata, M; Moeller, S; Monte, A; Monteiro, L; Montomoli, J; Moore, EE; Moore, HB; Moore, PK; Mor, MK; Moratalla-López, N; Moratilla Lapeña, L; Moreira, R; Moreno, MA; Mörk, AC; Morton, M; Mosier, JM; Mou, LH; Mougharbel, AS; Muccillo-Baisch, AL; Muñoz-Serrano, AJ; Mustafa, B; Nair, GM; Nakanishi, I; Nakanjako, D; Naraparaju, K; Nawani, N; Neffati, R; Neil, EC; Neilipovitz, D; Neira-Borrajo, I; Nelson, MT; Nery, PB; Nese, M; Nguyen, F; Nguyen, MH; Niazy, AA; Nicolaï, J; Nogueira, F; Norbäck, D; Novaretti, JV; O'Donnell, T; O'Dowd, A; O'Malley, DM; Oaknin, A; Ogata, K; Ohkubo, K; Ojha, M; Olaleye, MT; Olawande, B; Olomo, EJ; Ong, EWY; Ono, A; Onwumere, J; Ortiz Bibriesca, DM; Ou, X; Oza, AM; Ozturk, K; Özütemiz, C; Palacio-Pastrana, C; Palaparthi, A; Palevsky, PM; Pan, K; Pantanetti, S; Papachristou, DJ; Pariani, A; Parikh, CR; Parissis, J; Paroul, N; Parry, S; Patel, N; Patel, SM; Patel, VC; Pawar, S; Pefura-Yone, EW; Peixoto Andrade, BCO; Pelepenko, LE; Peña-Lora, D; Peng, S; Pérez-Moro, OS; Perez-Ortiz, AC; Perry, LM; Peter, CM; Phillips, NJ; Phillips, P; Pia Tek, J; Piner, LW; Pinto, EA; Pinto, SN; Piyachaturawat, P; Poka-Mayap, V; Polledri, E; Poloni, TE; Ponessa, G; Poole, ST; Post, AK; Potter, TM; Pressly, BB; Prouty, MG; Prudêncio, M; Pulkki, K; Pupier, C; Qian, H; Qian, ZP; Qiu, Y; Qu, G; Rahimi, S; Rahman, AU; Ramadan, H; Ramanna, S; Ramirez, I; Randolph, GJ; Rasheed, A; Rault, J; Raviprakash, V; Reale, E; Redpath, C; Rema, V; Remucal, CK; Remy, D; Ren, T; Ribeiro, LB; Riboli, G; Richards, J; Rieger, V; Rieusset, J; Riva, A; Rivabella Maknis, T; Robbins, JL; Robinson, CV; Roche-Campo, F; Rodriguez, R; Rodríguez-de-Cía, J; Rollenhagen, JE; Rosen, EP; Rub, D; Rubin, N; Rubin, NT; Ruurda, JP; Saad, O; Sabell, T; Saber, SE; Sabet, M; Sadek, MM; Saejio, A; Salinas, RM; Saliu, IO; Sande, D; Sang, D; Sangenito, LS; Santos, ALSD; Sarmiento Caldas, MC; Sassaroli, S; Sassi, V; Sato, J; Sauaia, A; Saunders, K; Saunders, PR; Savarino, SJ; Scambia, G; Scanlon, N; Schetinger, MR; Schinkel, AFL; Schladweiler, MC; Schofield, CJ; Schuepbach, RA; Schulz, J; Schwartz, N; Scorcella, C; Seeley, J; Seemann, F; Seinige, D; Sengoku, T; Seravalli, J; Sgromo, B; Shaheen, MY; Shan, L; Shanmugam, S; Shao, H; Sharma, S; Shaw, KJ; Shen, BQ; Shen, CH; Shen, P; Shen, S; Shen, Y; Shen, Z; Shi, J; Shi-Li, L; Shimoda, K; Shoji, Y; Shun, C; Silva, MA; Silva-Cardoso, J; Simas, NK; Simirgiotis, MJ; Sincock, SA; Singh, MP; Sionis, A; Siu, J; Sivieri, EM; Sjerps, MJ; Skoczen, SL; Slabon, A; Slette, IJ; Smith, MD; Smith, S; Smith, TG; Snapp, KS; Snow, SJ; Soares, MCF; Soberman, D; Solares, MD; Soliman, I; Song, J; Sorooshian, A; Sorrell, TC; Spinar, J; Staudt, A; Steinhart, C; Stern, ST; Stevens, DM; Stiers, KM; Stimming, U; Su, YG; Subbian, V; Suga, H; Sukhija-Cohen, A; Suksamrarn, A; Suksen, K; Sun, J; Sun, M; Sun, P; Sun, W; Sun, XF; Sun, Y; Sundell, J; Susan, LF; Sutjarit, N; Swamy, KV; Swisher, EM; Sykes, C; Takahashi, JA; Talmor, DS; Tan, B; Tan, ZK; Tang, L; Tang, S; Tanner, JJ; Tanwar, M; Tarazi, Z; Tarvasmäki, T; Tay, FR; Teketel, A; Temitayo, GI; Thersleff, T; Thiessen Philbrook, H; Thompson, LC; Thongon, N; Tian, B; Tian, F; Tian, Q; Timothy, AT; Tingle, MD; Titze, IR; Tolppanen, H; Tong, W; Toyoda, H; Tronconi, L; Tseng, CH; Tu, H; Tu, YJ; Tung, SY; Turpault, S; Tuynman, JB; Uemoto, AT; Ugurlu, M; Ullah, S; Underwood, RS; Ungell, AL; Usandizaga-Elio, I; Vakonakis, I; van Boxel, GI; van den Beucken, JJJP; van der Boom, T; van Slegtenhorst, MA; Vanni, JR; Vaquera, A; Vasconcellos, RS; Velayos, M; Vena, R; Ventura, G; Verso, MG; Vincent, RP; Vitale, F; Vitali, S; Vlek, SL; Vleugels, MPH; Volkmann, N; Vukelic, M; Wagner Mackenzie, B; Wairagala, P; Waller, SB; Wan, J; Wan, MT; Wan, Y; Wang, CC; Wang, H; Wang, J; Wang, JF; Wang, K; Wang, L; Wang, M; Wang, S; Wang, WM; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wang, YD; Wang, YF; Wang, Z; Wang, ZG; Warriner, K; Weberpals, JI; Weerachayaphorn, J; Wehrli, FW; Wei, J; Wei, KL; Weinheimer, CJ; Weisbord, SD; Wen, S; Wendel Garcia, PD; Williams, JW; Williams, R; Winkler, C; Wirman, AP; Wong, S; Woods, CM; Wu, B; Wu, C; Wu, F; Wu, P; Wu, S; Wu, Y; Wu, YN; Wu, ZH; Wurtzel, JGT; Xia, L; Xia, Z; Xia, ZZ; Xiao, H; Xie, C; Xin, ZM; Xing, Y; Xing, Z; Xu, S; Xu, SB; Xu, T; Xu, X; Xu, Y; Xue, L; Xun, J; Yaffe, MB; Yalew, A; Yamamoto, S; Yan, D; Yan, H; Yan, S; Yan, X; Yang, AD; Yang, E; Yang, H; Yang, J; Yang, JL; Yang, K; Yang, M; Yang, P; Yang, Q; Yang, S; Yang, W; Yang, X; Yang, Y; Yao, JC; Yao, WL; Yao, Y; Yaqub, TB; Ye, J; Ye, W; Yen, CW; Yeter, HH; Yin, C; Yip, V; Yong-Yi, J; Yu, HJ; Yu, MF; Yu, S; Yu, W; Yu, WW; Yu, X; Yuan, P; Yuan, Q; Yue, XY; Zaia, AA; Zakhary, SY; Zalwango, F; Zamalloa, A; Zamparo, P; Zampini, IC; Zani, JL; Zeitoun, R; Zeng, N; Zenteno, JC; Zepeda-Palacio, C; Zhai, C; Zhang, B; Zhang, G; Zhang, J; Zhang, K; Zhang, Q; Zhang, R; Zhang, T; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhang, YY; Zhao, B; Zhao, D; Zhao, G; Zhao, H; Zhao, Q; Zhao, R; Zhao, S; Zhao, T; Zhao, X; Zhao, XA; Zhao, Y; Zhao, Z; Zheng, Z; Zhi-Min, G; Zhou, CL; Zhou, HD; Zhou, J; Zhou, W; Zhou, XQ; Zhou, Z; Zhu, C; Zhu, H; Zhu, L; Zhu, Y; Zitzmann, N; Zou, L; Zou, Y, 2022)	0.72
" It has been considered as an excellent electrode material for electrooxidation of drug active compounds in their dosage forms or in biological materials due to its good physical and chemical properties."	( Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes: Recent Developments and Advances in View of Electrochemical Drug Sensors. Cetinkaya, A; Kaya, SI; Ozcelikay, G; Ozkan, SA; Yence, M, 2022)	2.16
"Monitoring drug concentration in blood and reflecting this in the dosage are crucial for safe and effective drug treatment."	( A rapid and simple electrochemical detection of the free drug concentration in human serum using boron-doped diamond electrodes. Einaga, Y; Furukawa, Y; Hibino, H; Kusuhara, H; Moriyama, H; Nashimoto, H; Ogata, G; Sawamura, S, 2022)	0.94
" The In@BN-CDs were tested after a single inhalation dosage of 10, 7, 5, 3, and 1 mg/kg."	( In Vivo and In Vitro Biodistribution of Inulin-Tethered Boron-Doped Amine-Functionalized Carbon Dots. Jang, SR; Kim, CS; Kim, HY; Kim, SE; Muthurasu, A; Park, CH; Tae, HJ; Yoo, YJ; Yoon, JC, 2023)	1.16
" Of particular importance is that numerous hormetic findings have been reported with whole animal studies, with extensive dose response evaluations with the optimal dosing being similar across multiple organ systems."	( Boron enhances adaptive responses and biological performance via hormetic mechanisms. Agathokleous, E; Calabrese, E; Calabrese, V; Dhawan, G; Kapoor, R; Pressman, P, 2023)	2.35

Product Category	Products
Other	1
Plantaardige levensmiddelen en dranken,Plantaardige levensmiddelen,Snacks,Zoete snacks,Zoetwaren,Snoep,Pepermunt	1
Professional Supplements	36
Vitamins & Supplements	98
Active Lifestyle & Fitness	35
Pet Supplies	1

Product	Brand	Category	Compounds Matched from Ingredients	Date Retrieved
Allergy Research Group Multi-Vi-Min -- 150 Capsules	Allergy Research Group	Professional Supplements	Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Allergy Research Group Multi-Vi-Min without Copper & Iron -- 150 Vegetarian Capsules	Allergy Research Group	Professional Supplements	PABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Allergy Research Group MultiMin -- 120 Vegetarian Capsules	Allergy Research Group	Professional Supplements	Boron, Chromium, Glutamic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, Vanadium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Nutrition Amazing Formulas Daily Multivitamin -- 500 Tablets	Amazing Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amy Myers MD The Myers Way Multivitamin -- 180 Capsules	Amy Myers MD	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, myo-Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition Maxi ONE® Whole Food-Based Multiple -- 90 Vegetable Capsules	Bluebonnet Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine 5' phosphate, pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, citrate, citrate, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition Multiminerals & Boron Iron-Free -- 180 Vegetable Capsules	Bluebonnet Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, carbonate, Chromium, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, citrate, citrate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition Triple Boron -- 90 Vegetable Capsules	Bluebonnet Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, citrate, citrate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
CeliAct Optimizing Nutrition for People with Celiac Disease -- 180 Tablets	CeliAct	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, Para Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamic Acid, Inositol, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Childlife MultiVitamin Gummy Gluten Free Sugar Free Strawberry Lemon -- 90 Gummies	Childlife	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Calcium Pro+ Calcium - Magnesium - Zinc - Copper - Boron - Vitamin D2 & K2 -- 120 Capsules	Codeage	Professional Supplements	Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage GLP-Advantage+ Chromium Berberine Gymnema Resveratrol GLP-1 Activity Support -- 60 Capsules	Codeage	Professional Supplements	Berberine HCl, Boron, Chromium, Curcumin, Trans-Resveratrol, L-Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Teen Daily Multivitamin - Vitamins A B C D E K Zinc Biotin & Probiotics Vegan Supplement -- 60 Capsules	Codeage	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, Boron, Omega-3, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Teen Daily Multivitamin - Vitamins A B C D E K Zinc Biotin & Probiotics Vegan Supplement -- 60 Capsules Each / Pack of 2	Codeage	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, Boron, Omega-3, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Daily Total One™ Iron Free -- 60 Vegetarian Capsules	Country Life	Vitamins & Supplements	ascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Betaine, Biotin, Boron, calcium ascorbate, calcium citrate, d-calcium pantothenate, di-calcium phosphate, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, inositol hexanicotinate, Inositol, magnesium citrate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, retinyl palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Daily Best™ Ultra Multivitamin -- 60 Capsules	DaVinci Laboratories	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Multi-Mineral Complex with D3 -- 120 Capsules	DaVinci Laboratories	Professional Supplements	Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, Vanadium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Spectra Man Multi -- 120 Tablets	DaVinci Laboratories	Professional Supplements	Lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Gamma Linolenic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Spectra™ Multivitamins for Adults -- 240 Tablets	DaVinci Laboratories	Professional Supplements	Lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Spectra™ Senior Multi -- 180 Tablets	DaVinci Laboratories	Professional Supplements	lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Gamma Linolenic Acid, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Spectra™ Woman -- 120 Tablets	DaVinci Laboratories	Professional Supplements	lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Gamma Linolenic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Ultimate Prenatal Multi -- 150 Tablets	DaVinci Laboratories	Professional Supplements	lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designs for Sport Multi + Phyto - NSF Certified for Sport -- 120 Vegetarian Capsules	Designs for Sport	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Benfotiamine, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Folate, Lycopene, Manganese, MK-7, MK-9, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Trans-Resveratrol, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designs for Sport Power Pack - NSF Certified for Sport -- 30 Packets	Designs for Sport	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Benfotiamine, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Folate, Lycopene, Manganese, MK-7, MK-9, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Trans-Resveratrol, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Ionic Trace Mineral Drops -- 8 fl oz	Deva	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Chloride, Lithium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Cal-Mag Plus -- 90 Tablets	Deva	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Boron, calcium carbonate, citrate, citrate, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Multivitamin & Mineral Supplement -- 90 Coated Tablets	Deva	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Beta Carotene, Betaine HCL, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Calcium Carbonate, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Multivitamin & Mineral Tiny Tablets -- 90 Tablets	Deva	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Multivitamin and Mineral Supplement Iron Free -- 90 Coated Tablets	Deva	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Beta Carotene, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Prenatal One Daily Multivitamin and Mineral -- 90 Coated Tablets	Deva	Vitamins & Supplements	Chamomile, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Divine Health Testosterone Zone -- 90 Veggie Capsules	Divine Health	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Douglas Laboratories Ultra Preventive® Kids Natural Grape -- 60 Tablets	Douglas Laboratories	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, beta, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Douglas Laboratories Ultra Preventive® Kids Natural Orange -- 60 Tablets	Douglas Laboratories	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, beta, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Mercola Bone Support With Strontium & Boron -- 60 Capsules	Dr. Mercola	Professional Supplements	Boron, Manganese, Strontium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Mercola Kids Chewable Multivitamin Fruit -- 60 Tablets	Dr. Mercola	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Calcium Ascorbate, Calcium Citrate, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Folate, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Mercola Whole Food Multivitamin Plus -- 240 Tablets	Dr. Mercola	Professional Supplements	PABA, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Vitamin C, Betaine, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Niacinamide, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Strontium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Mercola Whole-Food Multivitamin for Women -- 240 Tablets	Dr. Mercola	Professional Supplements	PABA, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Vitamin C, Betaine, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Strontium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eidon Ionic Minerals Bone Support -- 18 fl oz	Eidon Ionic Minerals	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Manganese, Sulfur	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eidon Ionic Minerals Bone Support Liquid Concentrate -- 2 fl oz	Eidon Ionic Minerals	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Manganese, Sulfur	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eidon Ionic Minerals Multiple Mineral Liquid Concentrate -- 2 fl oz	Eidon Ionic Minerals	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Chromium, Iodine, Manganese, Selenium, Sulfur	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Labs CoEnzymated Complete plus 2-Daily Multi -- 60 Vegetable Capsules	Emerald Labs	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, Beta Carotene, Biotin, Boron, Cellulase, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, P-5-P, Pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, R-5-P, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Labs Complete Clinical Plus Multi -- 120 Vegetable Capsules	Emerald Labs	Vitamins & Supplements	Beta Carotene, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, CoQ10, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, P-5-P, Pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, R-5-P, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Labs Prenatal 1-Daily Multi -- 30 Vegetable Capsules	Emerald Labs	Vitamins & Supplements	Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Labs Prenatal 1-Daily Multi -- 60 Vegetable Capsules	Emerald Labs	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, Beta Carotene, Biotin, Boron, cellulase, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Equazen VitaSpectrum Powder Unflavored -- 5.04 oz	Equazen	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Trimethylglycine, Trimethylglycine, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition VitaMode -- 120 Tablets	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, PABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor Deer Antler Velvet IGF-1 -- 60 Capsules	Force Factor	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Boron, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Super Silica Complex™ -- 20 mg - 60 Vegetarian Tablets	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code RAW Calcium -- 120 Vegetarian Capsules	Garden of Life	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Boron, Strontium, Vanadium, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code® 50 & Wiser Women Whole Food Multivitamin -- 120 Vegetarian Capsules	Garden of Life	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, CoQ10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code® 50 & Wiser Women Whole Food Multivitamin -- 240 Vegetarian Capsules	Garden of Life	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, CoQ10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code® 50 and Wiser Men -- 240 Vegetarian Capsules	Garden of Life	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code® Grow Bone System 30 Day Supply -- 210 Vegetarian Capsules	Garden of Life	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Boron, Strontium, Vanadium, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Foods True Vitality Plant Protein Shake with DHA Vanilla -- 25.2 oz	Green Foods	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Heaven Sent Wellgenix Balanced Essentials + Plus Liquid Vitamins Berry -- 32 fl oz	Heaven Sent	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Antimony, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Kelp, Barium, Beryllium, Biotin, Bismuth, Boron, Bromide, Omega 3, Cerium, Cesium, Chromium, citric acid, Cobalt, Cystine, Vitamin E, fructose, Dysprosium, Erbium, Europium, Fluoride, Folate, Gadolinium, Gallium, Vitamin E, Glycine, Gold, Hafnium, Histidine, Holmium, Inositol, Iodine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Lanthanum, Leucine, Calcium Carbonate, Lithium, Lutetium, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Molybdenum, Neodymium, Niacin, Nickel, Niobium, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Praseodymium, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Rhenium, Riboflavin, Rubidium, Samarium, Scandium, Selenium, Serine, Silicon, Silver, Strontium, Tantalum, Tellurium, Terbium, Thallium, Thiamin, Thorium, Threonine, Thulium, Tin, Titanium, Tryptophan, Tungsten, Tyrosine, Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Ytterbium, Yttrium, Zirconium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Igennus Calcium & Magnesium Algae Mineral Complex – With K2 D3 & Boron – Bone Strength -- 60 Tablets	Igennus	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Formulas One Daily Iron Free Multivitamin -- 90 Tablets	Innate	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas Men Over 40 One Daily Iron Free -- 60 Tablets	Innate	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas One Daily -- 90 Tablets	Innate	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas Women Over 40 One Daily -- 60 Tablets	Innate	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas BoneUp - Three Per Day -- 180 Capsules	Jarrow Formulas	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Boron, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas BoneUp -- 1000 mg - 120 Capsules	Jarrow Formulas	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Boron, Vitamin D3, Microcrystalline cellulose, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas BoneUp -- 1000 mg - 240 Capsules	Jarrow Formulas	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Boron, Vitamin D3, Microcrystalline cellulose, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas BoneUp -- 1000 mg - 360 Capsules	Jarrow Formulas	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Boron, Vitamin D3, Microcrystalline cellulose, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Mindset + Caffeine Nootropic Powder - Informed Sport Certified Orange Mango -- 4.13 oz	Kaged	Vitamins & Supplements	Citric acid, Antimony, Vitamin C, Barium, beta-carotene, Boron, Caffeine, Chromium, Citric acid, Cobalt, Iodine, Lanthanum, Lithium, malic acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Platinum, Vitamin B6, Rubidium, Silicon, Silver, Sulfur, sucralose, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zirconium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Mindset Nootropic Powder Orange Mango -- 3.97 oz	Kaged	Vitamins & Supplements	Citric acid, Antimony, Vitamin C, Barium, beta-carotene, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Cobalt, Iodine, Lanthanum, Lithium, malic acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Neodymium, Niacin, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Platinum, Vitamin B6, Rubidium, Silicon, Silver, Sulfur, sucralose, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zirconium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL Bone Defense -- 90 Vegetarian Capsules	KAL	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Ipriflavone, Manganese, Selenium, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL Trace Minerals -- 30 Tablets	KAL	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Cellulose, Chromium, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, stearic acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B-12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
LaneInnovative AdvaCAL® Ultra 1000 -- 120 Capsules	LaneInnovative	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Vitamin D3, citric acid, microcrystalline cellulose, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Life Extension Bone Restore with Vitamin K2 -- 120 Capsules	Life Extension	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, calcium fructoborate, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, maltodextrin, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Life Extension Boron -- 3 mg - 100 Vegetarian Capsules	Life Extension	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Riboflavin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Life Extension Two-Per-Day Capsules -- 120 Capsules	Life Extension	Vitamins & Supplements	D-alpha tocopheryl succinate, Apigenin, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5'-phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, gluconate, Inositol, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, beta, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Life Extension Two-Per-Day Tablets -- 120 Tablets	Life Extension	Vitamins & Supplements	D-alpha tocopheryl succinate, Apigenin, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5'-phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, gluconate, glycerin, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamine, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, beta, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Life Extension Ultra Natural Prostate -- 60 Softgels	Life Extension	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, glycerin, maltodextrin, Beta Sitosterol, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lifetime Calcium-Magnesuim Potassium Vitamin D and Boron -- 120 Capsules	Lifetime	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lifetime Osteo Density Blend Raspberry Cream -- 16 fl oz	Lifetime	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Boron, Vitamin D3, citric acid, Manganese, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert Drink Mix EcoSport Hydration Blueberry Acai -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert Drink Mix EcoSport Hydration Lemon Lime -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert Drink Mix EcoSport Hydration Watermelon -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert EcoDrink Nutrient Support Caffeine Free Blueberry Pomegranate -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert EcoDrink Nutrient Support Caffeine Free Fruit Punch -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert EcoDrink Nutrient Support Caffeine Free Peach Mango -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert EcoDrink Nutrient Support Caffeine Free Strawberry Lemomade -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid Health Calcium and Magnesium Juicy Orange & Vanilla -- 32 fl oz	Liquid Health	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Boron, Calcium citrate, Vitamin D3, citric acid, Magnesium citrate, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid Health Complete Multiple Natural Berry -- 32 fl oz	Liquid Health	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, d-calcium pantothenate, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, erythritol, Riboflavin 5 phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, malic acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, allulose, pyridoxal 5 phosphate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid Health K9 Vegetarian Glucosamine -- 128 fl oz	Liquid Health	Pet Supplies	Ascorbic Acid, Boron, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid Health Optimum Joint with Glucosamine & Chondroitin Melon Cherry -- 32 fl oz	Liquid Health	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Boron, citric acid, Manganese, rebaudioside A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
LivOn Laboratories Lypo-Spheric™ B-Complex plus -- 30 Packets	LivOn Laboratories	Vitamins & Supplements	Benfotiamine, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Folate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Kids One Daily Multivitamin Bone Health Immune Support -- 60 Mini Tablets	MegaFood	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Multivitamin for Women - Gummy Vitamins Tangerine -- 60 Gummies	MegaFood	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, sodium citrate, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Momentous Essential Multivitamin - NSF Certified for Sport - 30 Servings -- 120 Vegetarian Capsules	Momentous	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Benfotiamine, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Lycopene, Manganese, MK-7, MK-9, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Trans-Resveratrol, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Bone Maximizer III -- 150 Capsules	MRM	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Phosphorus, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Vegan Bone Maximizer -- 120 Vegan Capsules	MRM	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Boron, Vitamin D3, maltodextrin, sucrose, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol Vitamin D3 -- 10000 IU - 60 Tablets	Natrol	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Dibasic calcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, methylcellulose, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Vitality Natural Calm Plus Calcium Raspberry Lemon -- 8 oz	Natural Vitality	Vitamins & Supplements	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Citric acid, leaf	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio MultiSport for Men -- 120 Capsules	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio MultiSport for Women -- 120 Capsules	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriCology Multi-Vi-Min -- 150 Capsules	NutriCology	Vitamins & Supplements	5-Methyltetrahydrofolate, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, microcrystalline cellulose, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriCology Ocudyne II -- 200 Capsules	NutriCology	Vitamins & Supplements	N-Acetyl L-Cysteine, Vitamin C, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutricost Boron -- 5 mg - 240 Capsules	Nutricost	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, cellulose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Ultra Strength Joints -- 30 Softgels	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, glycerin, maltodextrin, sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Sea Nourishment Cran-Raspberry -- 32 fl oz	Olympian Labs	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Barium, Beta Carotene, Bismuth, Boron, Bromine, Cadmium, Cellulase, Cesium, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Citrulline, Cobalt, Cysteine, Cystine, Vitamin E, fructose, Germanium, Vitamin E, Glutamine, Glycine, Gold, Histidine, Hydrogen, Indium, Iodine, Iridium, Lanthanum, Lithium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B, Nickel, Niobium, Ornithine, Osmium, Palladium, Phosphorus, Platinum, Proline, Rhodium, Rubidium, Selenium, Serine, Silver, Strontium, Sulfur, Taurine, Tellurium, Thallium, Tin, Titanium, Tungsten, CoQ7, CoQ8, CoQ9, Uranium, Vanadium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Men Multivitamin for Men -- 150 Tablets	Optimum Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, PABA, Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, Lutein, Lycopene, L-Lysine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, L-Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Men Multivitamin for Men -- 240 Tablets	Optimum Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, PABA, Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, L-Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Men Multivitamin for Men -- 90 Tablets	Optimum Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	PABA, Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, glycerine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, Lutein, Lycopene, L-Lysine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, L-Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Phyto Therapy Liquid Calcium with Magnesium -- 1000 mg (Calcium) - 400 mg (Magnesium) - 180 Softgels	Phyto Therapy	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, gluconate, glycerin, maltodextrin, citrate, sorbitol, citrate, titanium dioxide, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Phyto Therapy Liquid Calcium with Magnesium -- 1000 mg (Calcium) - 400 mg (Magnesium) - 90 Softgels	Phyto Therapy	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, gluconate, glycerin, maltodextrin, citrate, sorbitol, citrate, titanium dioxide, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Phyto Therapy Vegetarian Calcium with Magnesium -- 180 VegeCaps	Phyto Therapy	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Vitamin D3, gluconate, maltodextrin, citrate, citrate, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
PlantFusion Vegan Plant-Based Calcium -- 1000 mg - 90 Tablets	PlantFusion	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Cellulose, Vitamin D3, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Strontium, Vanadium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SFI Health VitaSpectrum -- 180 Vegetarian Capsules	SFI Health	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, beta-carotene, Biotin, Boron, cellulose, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Adult Mineral Complete Mixed Berry -- 60 Chewables	SmartyPants	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, glycerin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solaray Mega Multi Mineral Iron Free -- 200 Capsules	Solaray	Vitamins & Supplements	chamomile, kelp, Boron, Chromium, Iodine, Calcium Carbonate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Potassium Chloride, Potassium Iodide, Potassium Phosphate, Selenium, Vanadium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solaray Mega Multi Mineral™ -- 200 Capsules	Solaray	Vitamins & Supplements	Kelp, Boron, cellulose, Chromium, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Potassium Chloride, Potassium Iodide, Potassium Phosphate, Selenium, Vanadium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solgar Formula VM-75® Iron-Free -- 180 Tablets	Solgar	Vitamins & Supplements	alpha carotene, Vitamin C, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, cryptoxanthin, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Hesperidin, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, calcium carbonate, lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, zeaxanthin, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Source Naturals Life Force™ Multiple No Iron -- 180 Capsules	Source Naturals	Vitamins & Supplements	N-Acetyl L-Cysteine, Vitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, DMAE, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Magnesium -- 4 fl oz	Sunwarrior	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Chloride	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Swolverine Multivitamin -- 60 Capsules	Swolverine	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Terry Naturally Clinical Essentials Multi-Vitamin & Minerals -- 60 Tablets	Terry Naturally	Vitamins & Supplements	PABA, citric acid, Vitamin C, Benfotiamine, Biotin, Boron, calcium ascorbate, calcium fructoborate, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, glycerol monostearate, glycine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Basic Nutrient 2-Day -- 60 Capsules	Thorne Research	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Calcium Pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, d-Gamma Tocopherol, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Basic Nutrients 2 Day - NSF Certified for Sport -- 60 Capsules	Thorne Research	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Calcium Pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, d-Gamma Tocopherol, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Basic Prenatal -- 90 Capsules	Thorne Research	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research 40,000 Volts Electrolyte Concentrate -- 8 fl oz	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Boron, Chloride, potassium chloride	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research ConcenTrace Trace Mineral Tablets Dietary Supplement -- 300 Tablets	Trace Minerals Research	Vitamins & Supplements	Kelp, Boron, Chloride, Sodium Citrate, Stearic Acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research ConcenTrace® Mineral Drops, Flip Top Cap -- 4 fl oz	Trace Minerals Research	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Chloride, chromium, iodide, Lithium, manganese, molybdenum, phosphorus, selenium, silicon	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research ConcenTrace® Trace Mineral Drops -- 2 fl oz	Trace Minerals Research	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Chloride, chromium, iodine, Lithium, manganese, molybdenum, phosphorus, selenium, silicon	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Coral Calcium -- 1145 mg - 60 Vegetarian Capsules	Trace Minerals Research	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, microcrystalline cellulose, Stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina -- 300 Tablets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Kelp, Boron, Chloride, Potassium Chloride, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, stearic acid, Taurine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Acai Berry -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Cherry Lime -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Cranberry -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, tartaric acid, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Grape -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Guava Passion Fruit -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, glycosides, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, steviol, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Lemon Lime -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Mixed Berry -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Orange Blast -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	orange, citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Pineapple Coconut -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, sugar, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Pomegranate Blueberry -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Raspberry -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Tangerine -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak + Immunity Lemon Berry -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, vanilla, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Sugar Free Citrus -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Sugar Free Orange Mango -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	orange, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina PowerPak Watermelon -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, tartaric acid, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Ionic Boron -- 6 mg - 2 fl oz	Trace Minerals Research	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Chloride	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Ionic Iron -- 22 mg - 1.9 fl oz	Trace Minerals Research	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Chloride	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Ionic Magnesium -- 400 mg - 2 fl oz	Trace Minerals Research	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Chloride	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Ionic Magnesium Dietary Supplement -- 400 mg - 4 fl oz	Trace Minerals Research	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Chloride	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Keto Electrolyte Drops -- 4 fl oz	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Boron, Chloride, potassium chloride	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Liquid Cal/Mag/Zinc Natural Strawberry -- 32 fl oz	Trace Minerals Research	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Boron, Calcium Citrate, Chloride, Vitamin D3, citric acid, Glycerol, Magnesium Citrate, phosphoric acid, Phosphorus, Tri-Calcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Liquid Multi Vitamin-Mineral Tropical Mixed Berry -- 30 fl oz	Trace Minerals Research	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Calcium Citrate, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Thiamine, Tricalcium Phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Low Sodium ConcenTrace® Trace Mineral Drops -- 4 fl oz	Trace Minerals Research	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Chloride, Lithium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Mega-Mag Liquid Magnesium Low Sodium -- 400 mg - 4 fl oz	Trace Minerals Research	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Chloride	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Pure Utah Sea Minerals -- 10 fl oz	Trace Minerals Research	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Chloride	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Trace Mineral Drops ConcenTrace® -- 8 fl oz	Trace Minerals Research	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Chloride, Lithium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tropical Oasis Premium Calcium Magnesium -- 16 fl oz	Tropical Oasis	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Vitamin D3, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tropical Oasis Premium Calcium Magnesium Liquid -- 32 fl oz	Tropical Oasis	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vibrant Health Super Natural Boron -- 3 mg - 60 Vegetable Capsules	Vibrant Health	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost-Synergy 3000 Multivitamin -- 180 Capsules	Vitacost-Synergy	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, d-beta tocopherol, Biotin, Boron, calcium citrate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, d-delta tocopherol, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, retinyl palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion Multi + Energy Raspberry & Black Tea -- 90 Gummies	Vitafusion	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion Multi Plus Immune Gummies -- 90 Gummies	Vitafusion	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, malic acid, Molybdenum, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion MultiVites Adult Complete Multivitamin Gummy Assorted Fruit -- 70 Gummies	Vitafusion	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, lactic acid, Lutein, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sucrose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion MultiVites™ Multivitamin Gummies Berry Peach and Orange -- 150 Gummies	Vitafusion	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, lactic acid, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sucrose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Multi-Minerals Citrate-Malate Formula - No Copper or Iron -- 120 Capsules	Vital Nutrients	Professional Supplements	Boron, Chromium, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, Vanadium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Multi-Nutrients -Without Iron & Iodine- -- 180 Vegetarian Capsules	Vital Nutrients	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, cellulose, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Multi-Nutrients 3 Citrate-Malate Formula without Copper and Iron -- 180 Capsules	Vital Nutrients	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Vitamin E, Riboflavin 5' Phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Pyridoxal 5' Phosphate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitanica Maternal Symmetry™ OB Multivitamin -- 180 Vegetarian Capsules	Vitanica	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, calcium ascorbate, Chromium, Vitamin E, ferrous fumarate, ferrous succinate, riboflavin-5-phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, Selenium, Thiamin, vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Viteyes Classic Areds 2 Companion Multivitamin -- 30 Caplets	Viteyes	Vitamins & Supplements	Biotin, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Silicon, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Viteyes Classic AREDS 2 Companion Multivitamin Beta-Carotene Free -- 90 Caplets	Viteyes	Vitamins & Supplements	Biotin, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Lycopene, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Silicon, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Viteyes Complete Eye & Total Body Health Multivitamin -- 180 Capsules	Viteyes	Vitamins & Supplements	N-Acetyl Cysteine, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
World Organic Multi Liqui-Mins -- 16 fl oz	World Organic	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, carbonate, chromium nitrate, Chromium, hydroxide, Iodine, Manganese, Phosphorus, potassium iodide, Selenium, sodium selenite, sorbitol, tricalcium phosphate, Vanadyl Sulfate, ergocalciferol, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42

Role	Description
micronutrient	Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
nonmetal atom
boron group element atom
metalloid atom	An atom of an element that exhibits properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them. The term generally includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, while carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine are less commonly included.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	667 (14.99)	18.7374
1990's	329 (7.39)	18.2507
2000's	908 (20.41)	29.6817
2010's	1653 (37.15)	24.3611
2020's	892 (20.05)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	60 (1.28%)	5.53%
Reviews	290 (6.19%)	6.00%
Case Studies	15 (0.32%)	4.05%
Observational	2 (0.04%)	0.25%
Other	4,315 (92.16%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Preventive Effect of Boron-based Gel on Radiation Dermatitis in Patients With Breast Cancer: Phase III Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial [NCT04239560]	Phase 3	257 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-02-04	Completed
Prospective Randomized Study of Local Application of Boron on Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Effect of Healing Process [NCT02087215]	Phase 1	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Recruiting
A Phase II Trial For Neutron Capture Therapy In Melanoma [NCT00059800]	Phase 2	0 participants	Interventional	2002-05-31	Completed
A Phase I/II Trial of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) for Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer at Tsing-Hua Open Pool Reactor [NCT01173172]	Phase 1/Phase 2	17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-07-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
ethylene dichloride ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2.	2.11	1	0	chloroethanes	hepatotoxic agent; mutagen; non-polar solvent
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	7.6	1	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	1.94	1	0	hydroxytryptophan	human metabolite; neurotransmitter
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	8	4	0	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	2.05	1	0	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	2.38	2	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
adenine [no description available]	7.76	2	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	5.94	19	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
benzaldehyde [no description available]	7.11	1	0	benzaldehydes	EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite
benzene [no description available]	5.49	12	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	8.86	2	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.	7.03	1	0	benzyl alcohols	antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	5.39	4	1	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	3.93	13	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
cadaverine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	3.81	11	0	amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	3.29	6	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
carnitine [no description available]	4.06	1	0	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
catechol [no description available]	3.44	7	0	catechols	allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	8.3	66	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
chlordecone [no description available]	3.06	1	0	cyclic ketone; organochlorine compound	insecticide; persistent organic pollutant
choline [no description available]	10.13	3	1	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	3.31	6	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	11.35	50	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	1.94	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	7.54	2	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	3.67	9	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.48	2	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	3.13	5	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.	1.98	1	0	(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	human metabolite
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.	2.46	2	0	guaiacols	disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	3.96	3	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
propionaldehyde propionaldehyde: may cause respiratory irritation; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. propanal : An aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent. The parent of the class of propanals.	2.02	1	0	alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid consisting of cyclopropane having amino and carboxy substituents both at the 1-position.	2.11	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; monocarboxylic acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	ethylene releasers; plant metabolite
arsenous acid arsenous acid : An arsenic oxoacid consisting of three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom.	3.41	1	0	arsenic oxoacid
phosphonoacetic acid Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.	1.98	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; phosphonic acids	antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
dibenzofuran Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran.. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.. dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	4.94	2	1	dibenzofurans; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	xenobiotic
creatine [no description available]	3.46	2	0	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
cytosine [no description available]	2.42	2	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.58	8	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.5	2	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	5.2	9	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
formamide formimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.. primary carboxamide : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2.	2.13	1	0	carboximidic acid; formamides; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	solvent
glycine [no description available]	4.02	14	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glyceric acid glyceric acid: found in urine of patient with D-glyceric acidemia & hyperglycinaemia; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. glycerol ether : Any ether having glyceryl as at least one of the O-substituents.. glyceric acid : A trionic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted at positions 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups.	2.02	1	0	trionic acid	fundamental metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	3.39	7	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
carbonic acid Carbonic Acid: Carbonic acid (H2C03). The hypothetical acid of carbon dioxide and water. It exists only in the form of its salts (carbonates), acid salts (hydrogen carbonates), amines (carbamic acid), and acid chlorides (carbonyl chloride). (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.25	1	0	carbon oxoacid; chalcocarbonic acid	mouse metabolite
hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen Cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.. hydrogen cyanide : A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom	7.89	3	0	hydracid; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; poison
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	3.08	5	0	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine [no description available]	4.19	5	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	8.89	68	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroquinone [no description available]	7.76	3	0	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	2.06	1	0	imidazole
indole [no description available]	7.76	3	0	indole; polycyclic heteroarene	Escherichia coli metabolite
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	2.99	4	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	5.23	16	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.	2.38	2	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	human metabolite
kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.	2.61	2	0	aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline	human metabolite
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	2.49	2	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	6.11	39	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
melatonin [no description available]	6.26	5	1	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
naphthalene [no description available]	7.72	3	0	naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene	apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	8.29	62	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	3.1	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	7.46	2	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	11.68	40	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	2.86	3	0	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
nitroxyl nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.	3.68	2	0	nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	3.35	6	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
hydroxide ion [no description available]	3.91	3	0	oxygen hydride	mouse metabolite
oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.	2.77	3	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
oxamic acid Oxamic Acid: Amino-substituted glyoxylic acid derivative.. oxamic acid : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid with ammonia.	7.06	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoamide	Escherichia coli metabolite
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.	7.99	4	0	4-nitrophenols	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
triphosphoric acid triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.02	1	0	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid
parathion [no description available]	1.94	1	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source	3.06	1	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite
phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'	8.54	2	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes	environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite
phenol [no description available]	5.88	11	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenethylamine phenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016. 2-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position.	2.21	1	0	alkaloid; aralkylamine; phenylethylamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	2.8	3	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	2.6	1	0	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phthalic acid phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.	2.46	2	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
picolinic acid picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.	2.07	1	0	pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; MALDI matrix material
porphobilinogen [no description available]	7.88	69	0	aralkylamino compound; dicarboxylic acid; pyrroles	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.15	1	0	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
purine 1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.	2.46	2	0	purine
putrescine [no description available]	8.15	5	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	7.98	4	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.	2.86	4	0	methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate	coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrogallol benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.	1.94	1	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	plant metabolite
quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.	2.05	1	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
selenic acid Selenic Acid: A strong dibasic acid with the molecular formula H2SeO4. Included under this heading is the acid form, and inorganic salts of dihydrogen selenium tetraoxide.	2.25	1	0	selenium oxoacid
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	2.87	4	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
spermidine [no description available]	7.72	3	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
spermine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.	2.07	1	0	sulfur oxoacid	catalyst
sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.	7.6	1	0	sulfur oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant
taurine [no description available]	2.9	2	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine [no description available]	2.39	2	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	7.92	4	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	7.87	4	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	3.5	7	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	3.8	11	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	7.15	1	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
2,4-methanoglutamate 2,4-methanoglutamate: structure given in first source; selective N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist; inhibits high affinity L-glutamic acid uptake into rat cortical synaptosomes; RN given for (trans)-isomer	3.13	1	0
vanilmandelic acid Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid.	2.51	2	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; phenols	human metabolite
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	1.94	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
1,2-dimethylhydrazine 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine: A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine in which one of the hydrogens attached to each nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. A powerful DNA alkylating agent and carcinogen, it is used to induce colon cancer in laboratory rats and mice.	2.37	2	0	hydrazines	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.15	1	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.	2.77	3	0	bipyridine	chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	7.73	3	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.	2.1	1	0	dinitrophenol	allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	2.34	2	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate: is a novel membrane-penetrable modulator and transient receptor potential channel blocker; structure in first source; do not confuse with 2-APB cpd. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane : An organoboron compound that is diphenylborane in which the borane hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminoethoxy group.	2.47	2	0	organoboron compound; primary amino compound	calcium channel blocker; IP3 receptor antagonist; potassium channel opener
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	1.95	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	2.51	2	0	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.	2.17	1	0	indole-3-acetic acids	drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.	7.06	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline	antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	3.71	9	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	2.07	1	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	2.92	4	0	acetamides; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
theophylline [no description available]	7.39	2	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	7.6	1	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
acetovanillone apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	2.31	1	0	acetophenones; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	7.46	2	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	7.46	2	0	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
atrazine [no description available]	8.24	5	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
azobenzene azobenzene: photosensor molecule known to undergo reversible isomerization from trans to cis on illumination with photons of appropriate wavelength; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (E)-azobenzene : The (E)-isomer of azobenzene.. (Z)-azobenzene : The (Z)-isomer of azobenzene.. azobenzene : A molecule whose structure comprises two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond; the parent compound of the azobenzene class of compounds.	7.76	2	0	azobenzenes
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	5.36	3	1	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
bumetanide [no description available]	2.21	1	0	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
caffeine [no description available]	3.01	4	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	2.78	3	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carisoprodol Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.	7.15	1	0	carbamate ester	muscle relaxant
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	7.25	1	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.	2.57	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	2.4	2	0	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	1.95	1	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	2.11	1	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	3.11	4	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
coumaphos Coumaphos: A organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an anthelmintic, insecticide, and as a nematocide.	7.13	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organochlorine compound; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; antinematodal drug; avicide; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
4-cresol 4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals.	2.05	1	0	cresol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; uremic toxin
cystamine [no description available]	1.95	1	0	organic disulfide; primary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	5.71	5	1	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.	2.44	2	0	pentacarboxylic acid	copper chelator
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	4.9	1	1	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	3.03	1	0
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	7.76	3	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
fipronil fipronil: has low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source. fipronil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil.. 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively.	2.41	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; dichlorobenzene; nitrile; primary amino compound; pyrazoles; sulfoxide
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	2.41	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.66	2	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	2.15	1	0	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	2.17	1	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gemfibrozil [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether	antilipemic drug
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	1.95	1	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.	1.94	1	0	piperidines
glyphosate glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).	7.05	1	0	glycine derivative; phosphonic acid	agrochemical; EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; herbicide
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	2.47	2	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	6.96	1	0	barbiturates
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.57	2	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	2.13	1	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iopromide iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.	2.13	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; nephrotoxic agent; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	7.21	1	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.17	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	5.06	2	1	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
kinetin Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.	7.13	1	0	6-aminopurines; furans	cytokinin; geroprotector
kojic acid [no description available]	3.08	1	0	4-pyranones; enol; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; skin lightening agent
kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.	2.17	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lamotrigine [no description available]	7.58	2	0	1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	10.1	2	1	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	7.11	1	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
edaravone [no description available]	4.9	1	1	pyrazolone	antioxidant; radical scavenger
memantine [no description available]	2.41	1	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.	4.9	1	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	7.41	1	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methacrylic acid methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.	2.02	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
methamidophos methamidophos: structure. methamidophos : An organic thiophosphate resulting from the N-deacylation of the proinsecticide acephate.	2.04	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphoramide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide
methenamine Methenamine: An anti-infective agent most commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Its anti-infective action derives from the slow release of formaldehyde by hydrolysis at acidic pH. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p173). hexamethylenetetramine : A polycyclic cage that is adamantane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 3, 5 and 7 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.	1.95	1	0	polyazaalkane; polycyclic cage; tetramine	antibacterial drug
methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.	3.31	6	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates	flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite
metolachlor metolachlor: structure given in first source. metolachlor : A racemate that consists of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-metolachlor.. 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide : An organochlorine compound that is 2-chloroacetamide substituted by a (2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl) group at the nitrogen atom.	2.21	1	0	aromatic amide; benzenes; ether; organochlorine compound
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	2.47	2	0	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	7.13	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	1.94	1	0	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	7.31	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	1.94	1	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
n(alpha)-(2-naphthylsulfonylglycyl)-4-amidinophenylalanine piperidide N(alpha)-(2-naphthylsulfonylglycyl)-4-amidinophenylalanine piperidide: thrombin inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	1.98	1	0
naphazoline Naphazoline: An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant.	6.94	1	0	naphthalenes
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	2.25	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	10.05	2	1	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).	2.74	3	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	1.93	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
4-chlorophenol 4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant. 4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom.	2.1	1	0	monochlorophenol
pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.	2.34	2	0	aromatic amine
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	4.9	1	1	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
piperazine [no description available]	2.21	1	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.89	4	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	1.94	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	7.78	3	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinone 1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinone: structure in first source. quinalizarin : A tetrahydroxyanthraquinone having the four hydroxy groups at the 1-, 2-, 5- and 8-positions.	1.92	1	0	tetrahydroxyanthraquinone	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
resorcinol resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.	7.45	2	0	benzenediol; phenolic donor; resorcinols	erythropoietin inhibitor; sensitiser
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	2.13	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
salicyl alcohol salicyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd; saligenin is the aglycone of salicin; structure; it is oxidatively metabolized to gentisic acid. salicyl alcohol : A hydroxybenzyl alcohol that is phenol substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at C-2.	7.07	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; hydroxybenzyl alcohol	human urinary metabolite
sodium fluoride [no description available]	2.38	2	0	fluoride salt	mutagen
sodium iodide Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion.	7.07	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; iodide salt
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	8.25	5	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
sulfanilamide [no description available]	3.04	5	0	substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
tebuthiuron [no description available]	7.07	1	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.	2.17	1	0	benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound	local anaesthetic
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	1.94	1	0	phthalimides; piperidones
tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.	2.17	1	0	imidazoles	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.	7.41	1	0	pteridines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
triclosan [no description available]	2.95	4	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	7.49	2	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tyramine [no description available]	2.91	4	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
urethane [no description available]	2.03	1	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	2.1	1	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	7.48	2	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	1.94	1	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	5.04	4	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
thymidine [no description available]	3.8	3	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
benzimidazole 1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.	7.78	3	0	benzimidazole; polycyclic heteroarene
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	2.41	1	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	2.44	2	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	1.94	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	2.25	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	2.1	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	3.1	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	7.25	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
amifampridine Amifampridine: 4-Aminopyridine derivative that acts as a POTASSIUM CHANNEL blocker to increase release of ACETYLCHOLINE from nerve terminals. It is used in the treatment of CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES.	2.13	1	0	aminopyridine
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	2.71	3	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	7.41	1	0	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	3.48	8	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	3.38	7	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	2.84	3	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	7.66	3	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	3.54	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	8.84	12	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	3.68	10	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
dimazine dimazine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,1-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine substituted by two methyl groups at position 1.	1.94	1	0	hydrazines	carcinogenic agent; fuel; teratogenic agent
sulfamic acid sulfamic acid: standard in alkalimetry; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfamic acid : The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.	2.05	1	0	sulfamic acids
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	3.49	7	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	2.13	1	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	2	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	2.44	2	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.	2.97	4	0	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
uridine [no description available]	9.57	8	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	4.68	5	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	8.07	5	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.78	3	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	2.13	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	3.22	6	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	2.11	1	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	3.63	9	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	2.21	1	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	3.47	8	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
4-toluenesulfonic acid 4-toluenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; other RNs in 9th CI Form Index. toluene-4-sulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a methyl group.	2.07	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; toluenes
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	10.9	4	1	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethyl methanesulfonate Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol.	2.08	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen; teratogenic agent
aniline [no description available]	7.49	2	0	anilines; primary arylamine
dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.	3.12	5	0	nitrosamine	geroprotector; mutagen
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	3.06	1	0	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.02	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	2.4	2	0	lactose
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	10.6	5	1	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	10.61	80	6	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	1.94	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	4.9	1	1	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	1.94	1	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	2.68	3	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	7.59	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	3.26	6	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	7.37	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	3.25	6	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	2.65	3	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	3.61	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alizarin [no description available]	6.92	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	chromophore; dye; plant metabolite
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	3.34	7	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	10.86	7	1	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.	3.15	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	plant metabolite; refrigerant
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges	4.93	11	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	plant hormone; refrigerant
acetylene [no description available]	4.15	4	0	alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound
methyl chloride Methyl Chloride: A hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent. It has been used as an aerosal propellent, as a refrigerant and as a local anesthetic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p1403). chlorocarbon : Compounds consisting wholly of chlorine and carbon.. chloromethane : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a chloro group.	6.92	1	0	chloromethanes; methyl halides	marine metabolite; mutagen; refrigerant
methyl iodide methyl iodide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd with MF of CH3-I. iodomethane : A member of the class of iodomethanes that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by iodine.	2.34	2	0	iodomethanes; methyl halides	fumigant insecticide
boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.	8.29	100	0	boranes; mononuclear parent hydride
propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.	3.52	2	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	food propellant
methylacetylene methylacetylene: structure	8.55	2	0	alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound
ethyl chloride Ethyl Chloride: A gas that condenses under slight pressure. Because of its low boiling point ethyl chloride sprayed on skin produces an intense cold by evaporation. Cold blocks nerve conduction. Ethyl chloride has been used in surgery but is primarily used to relieve local pain in sports medicine.. chloroethane : The simplest and least toxic member of the class of chloroethanes, that is ethane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a chlorine. A colourless gas at room temperature and pressure (boiling point 12degreeC), it is used as a mild topical anaesthetic to numb the skin prior to ear piercing, skin biopsies, etc., and is also used in the treatment of sports injuries. It was formerly used in the production of tetraethyllead.	6.92	1	0	chloroethanes	antipruritic drug; inhalation anaesthetic; local anaesthetic
vinyl chloride Vinyl Chloride: A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms.. chloroethene : A monohaloethene that is ethene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a chloro group.	3.06	1	0	chloroethenes; gas molecular entity; monohaloethene	carcinogenic agent
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	2.11	1	0	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
carbon disulfide Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects.	3.06	1	0	one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound
ethylene oxide Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.	1.94	1	0	gas molecular entity; oxacycle; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	allergen; mouse metabolite; mutagen
boron trifluoride [no description available]	3.35	7	0	boron fluoride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
fluoroform fluoroform: structure	2.48	2	0	fluoromethanes	refrigerant
tetramethylammonium tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups.	2.03	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	2.11	1	0	tertiary alcohol	human xenobiotic metabolite
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	2.11	1	0	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
pinacolone pinacolone: a metabolite of soman. 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one : A methyl ketone that is butane substituted by an oxo group at position 2 and two methyl groups at position 3.	2.05	1	0	dialkyl ketone; methyl ketone
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	7.41	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	2.4	2	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
pinacol pinacol : A glycol that is ethylene glycol in which all four methylene hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.	7.6	1	0	glycol
hexadecafluoro-nonanoic acid hexadecafluoro-nonanoic acid: an endocrine disruptor. hexadecafluorononanoic acid : Any derivative of nonanoic acid carrying sixteen fluoro substituents.	2.06	1	0	hexadecafluorononanoic acid
gibberellic acid gibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure. gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.	7.31	1	0	C19-gibberellin; gibberellin monocarboxylic acid; lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	5.98	8	1	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	2.38	2	0	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
tetraethoxysilane [no description available]	2.17	1	0
azobis(isobutyronitrile) azobis(isobutyronitrile): blowing agent for elastomers & plastics; initiator for free radical reactions; structure	2	1	0
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	1.95	1	0	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	7.67	3	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
acrylamide [no description available]	3.06	4	0	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	3.02	4	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	6.23	9	1	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
methylmethacrylate Methylmethacrylate: The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement.. methyl methacrylate : An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component.	2.02	1	0	enoate ester; methyl ester	allergen; polymerisation monomer
rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.	2.97	4	0	organic chloride salt; xanthene dye	fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	7.82	2	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone: request from searcher	2.06	1	0
fluorene [no description available]	2.17	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.	7.07	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
phthalide 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one : A gamma-lactone that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran in which the hydrogens at position 1 are replaced by an oxo group.. isobenzofuranone : A 2-benzofuran containing one or more oxo groups.	2.05	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone
xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.	7.1	1	0
2,4,6-trichlorophenol [no description available]	2.1	1	0	trichlorophenol	carcinogenic agent
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.41	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
2-nitrophenol nitrophenol : Any member of the class of phenols or substituted phenols carrying at least 1 nitro group.	2.05	1	0	2-nitrophenols
picric acid picric acid: used as antiseptic, astringent & stimulant for epitheliazation; structure. picric acid : A C-nitro compound comprising phenol having three nitro substtituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.13	1	0	C-nitro compound	antiseptic drug; explosive; fixative
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	7.11	1	0	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
salicylaldehyde o-hydroxybenzaldehyde: structure in first source	7.04	1	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	nematicide; plant metabolite
1-naphthol-8-amino-3,6-disulfonic acid 1-naphthol-8-amino-3,6-disulfonic acid: dye and found in industrial waste	2.47	2	0
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	4.99	2	1	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
quinoline [no description available]	7.5	2	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines
isatin tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;	7.17	1	0	indoledione	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
2-naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.	2.1	1	0	naphthylamine	carcinogenic agent
tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.	1.98	1	0
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2.68	3	0	xanthene
phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.	2.84	3	0	phenothiazine	ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
mecoprop mecoprop: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl group.. mecoprop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mecoprop.	7.03	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes
synephrine [no description available]	7.25	1	0	ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	2.81	3	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.	7.07	1	0	carbonyl compound
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	2.03	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; monochlorobenzenes	environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
benzotriazole benzotriazole: inhibitor of atmospheric metal corrosion; also component of motion picture film & Neva brake fluid. benzotriazole : The simplest member of the class of benzotriazoles that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring.	7.49	2	0	benzotriazoles	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
benzothiophene [no description available]	2.13	1	0	1-benzothiophenes; benzothiophene
2-toluidine 2-toluidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-toluidine : An aminotoluene in which the amino substituent is ortho to the methyl group.	2.05	1	0	aminotoluene	carcinogenic agent
1,2-diaminobenzene 1,2-diaminobenzene: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,2-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the two amino groups are ortho to each other.	2.1	1	0	phenylenediamine	hydrogen donor
dilactide dilactide: structure given in first source	3.27	1	0	dioxanes
1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for bromine & chlorine moieties	3.06	1	0	organochlorine compound
triethylborane triethylborane: used in the radical deuteration reaction of ribonucleoside derivatives	2.37	2	0
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	2.25	1	0	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
acetophenone acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.05	1	0	acetophenones	animal metabolite; photosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
nitrobenzene nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline.	2.46	2	0	nitroarene; nitrobenzenes
trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.	7.41	1	0	trehalose	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-dinitrobenzene dinitrobenzene : Any member of the class of nitrobenzenes that consists of a benzene ring substituted by two nitro groups. A closed class.. 1,3-dinitrobenzene : A dinitrobenzene that is benzene disubstituted at positions 1 and 3 with nitro groups.	2.01	1	0	dinitrobenzene	neurotoxin
ethylbenzene [no description available]	2.15	1	0	alkylbenzene
styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.	7.8	3	0	styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound	mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite
benzonitrile benzonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.07	1	0	benzenes; nitrile
methylphenylsulfide thioanisole : An aryl sulfide that is thiophenol in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.08	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzenes
cyclamic acid Cyclamates: Salts and esters of cyclamic acid.. cyclohexylsulfamic acid : A member of the class of sulfamic acids that is sulfamic acid carrying an N-cyclohexyl substituent.	2.04	1	0	sulfamic acids	environmental contaminant; human xenobiotic metabolite
triethanolamine triethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethanolamine : A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	amino alcohol; tertiary amino compound; triol	buffer; surfactant
boric acid [no description available]	9.32	89	0	boric acids	astringent
ethyl bromoacetate [no description available]	4.9	1	1
4-phenylenediamine 4-phenylenediamine: agent hair dye responsible for contact dermatitis; RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,4-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the amino functions are at positions 1 and 4 of the benzene nucleus.	2.41	1	0	phenylenediamine	allergen; dye; hapten; reagent
epichlorohydrin Epichlorohydrin: A chlorinated epoxy compound used as an industrial solvent. It is a strong skin irritant and carcinogen.. epichlorohydrin : An epoxide that is 1,2-epoxypropene in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by chlorine.	2.17	1	0	epoxide; organochlorine compound
ethylene dibromide Ethylene Dibromide: An effective soil fumigant, insecticide, and nematocide. In humans, it causes severe burning of skin and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged inhalation may cause liver necrosis. It is also used in gasoline. Members of this group have caused liver and lung cancers in rodents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), 1,2-dibromoethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.. 1,2-dibromoethane : A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying bromo substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is produced by marine algae.	3.06	1	0	bromoalkane; bromohydrocarbon	algal metabolite; carcinogenic agent; fumigant; marine metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen
butane butane : A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms.	6.92	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	food propellant; refrigerant
acrylonitrile [no description available]	7.41	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; carcinogenic agent; fungal metabolite; mutagen; polar aprotic solvent
allyl alcohol allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.	2.98	4	0	primary allylic alcohol; propenol	antibacterial agent; fungicide; herbicide; insecticide; plant metabolite
propargyl alcohol propargyl alcohol: irreversibly inactivates alcohol oxidase; RN given refers to parent cpd. prop-2-yn-1-ol : A terminal acetylenic compound that is prop-2-yne substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.02	1	0	propynol; terminal acetylenic compound; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-hydroxybutanal [no description available]	4.46	6	0
acetic anhydride acetic anhydride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. acetic anhydride : An acyclic carboxylic anhydride derived from acetic acid.	6.93	1	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride	metabolite; reagent
melamine melamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. melamine : A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.	3.66	2	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine	xenobiotic metabolite
cyanuric acid cyanuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. isocyanuric acid : The keto tautomer of cyanuric acid.. cyanuric acid : The enol tautomer of isocyanuric acid.	2.1	1	0	1,3,5-triazinanes; 1,3,5-triazines; heteroaryl hydroxy compound	xenobiotic
bromobenzene [no description available]	2.04	1	0	bromoarene; bromobenzenes; volatile organic compound	hepatotoxic agent; mouse metabolite; non-polar solvent
chlorobenzene [no description available]	7.74	3	0	monochlorobenzenes	solvent
cyclohexanone [no description available]	2.03	1	0	cyclohexanones	human xenobiotic metabolite
pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.	2.42	2	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; refrigerant
dimethoxymethane dimethoxymethane : An acetal that is the dimethyl acetal derivative of formaldehyde.	2.05	1	0	acetal; diether
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	10.59	22	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
tetrahydrofuran oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.	2.78	3	0	cyclic ether; oxolanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; volatile organic compound	polar aprotic solvent
furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.	2.46	2	0	furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	8.43	7	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide [no description available]	2	1	0
piperidine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	azacycloalkane; piperidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; secondary amine	base; catalyst; human metabolite; non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; protic solvent; reagent
1-hexanol 1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	1.94	1	0	hexanol; primary alcohol	alarm pheromone; antibacterial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
diethylene glycol glycol ether : A hydroxyether which contains both an ether and alcohol functional groups. It is one of the most versatile classes of organic solvents which are commonly used in paints, cleaners, adhesives, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.	2.03	1	0	hydroxyether
dicofol Dicofol: An organochlorine insecticide.. dicofol : A tertiary alcohol that is DDT in which the benzylic hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.41	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine acaricide; tertiary alcohol
trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.	2.44	2	0	trinitrotoluene	explosive
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	2.62	3	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
isoquinoline [no description available]	2.07	1	0	azaarene; isoquinolines; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene
2,4-dichlorophenol 2,4-dichlorophenol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent+ cpd; structure. 2,4-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol that is phenol carrying chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4.	2.1	1	0	dichlorophenol
trimethyl borate trimethyl borate : A member of the class of borate esters obtained by the formal condensation of three equivalents of methanol with boric acid.	2.4	2	0	borate esters
4-sulfanilic acid 4-sulfanilic acid: minor descriptor (75-82); online search SULFANILIC ACIDS; Index Medicus search BENZENESULFONATES. 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid : An aminobenzenesulfonic acid that is aniline sulfonated at the para-position.	2.07	1	0	aminobenzenesulfonic acid	allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
dimethyl phthalate dimethyl phthalate: used as plasticizer in computer mouse; structure	2.51	2	0	diester; methyl ester; phthalate ester
meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.	3.46	7	0	hexosamine; secondary amino compound
alpha-naphthylphthalamic acid alpha-naphthylphthalamic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. naptalam : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide which results from addition of one equivalent of 1-naphthylamine to phthalic anhydride.	2.17	1	0	carboxylic acid; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; N-(1-naphthyl)carboxamide	herbicide
amiben Amiben: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.17	1	0	chlorobenzoic acid
1-naphthylamine 1-Naphthylamine: A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic.. naphthylamine : A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position.. 1-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1.	2.01	1	0	naphthylamine	human xenobiotic metabolite
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	5.33	3	1	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
shikimic acid Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.	2.93	3	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrilotriacetic acid Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)	8.17	5	0	NTA; tricarboxylic acid	carcinogenic agent; nephrotoxic agent
citronellol citronellol: alcohol form of citronellal; found in rose oil; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. citronellol : A monoterpenoid that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7.. insect repellent : An insecticide that acts as a repellent to insects.	4.9	1	1	monoterpenoid	plant metabolite
diallyl glycol carbonate CR 39: plastic used as a charged particle detector for superimposed autoradiography tissue images	2.42	2	0
tetraphenylborate Tetraphenylborate: An anionic compound that is used as a reagent for determination of potassium, ammonium, rubidium, and cesium ions. It also uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and forms complexes with biological materials, and is used in biological assays.	3.31	7	0
potassium cyanide [no description available]	4.9	1	1	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
aziridine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	azacycloalkane; aziridines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	alkylating agent
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	8.01	3	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
coronene coronene: structure. coronene : A ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene that consists of six peri-fused benzene rings.	7.11	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.	2.98	4	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes
fluoranthene fluoranthene: structure. fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a naphthalene and benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring.	2.41	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	2.49	2	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	2.66	3	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
dibenzo(1,4)dioxin dibenzo(1,4)dioxin: structure	2.11	1	0	dibenzodioxine; heteranthrene; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; oxacycle; polycyclic heteroarene
benzoxazoles 1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.	2.48	2	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
azulene [no description available]	7.43	2	0	azulenes; mancude carbobicyclic parent; ortho-fused bicyclic arene	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.	2.06	1	0	adamantanes; polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	6.22	9	1	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	5.04	2	1	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	7.73	3	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	3.21	5	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	3.61	2	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
triphenyltetrazolium triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5.	1.93	1	0	organic cation
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	1.93	1	0	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	8.21	6	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	1.97	1	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
triflusal triflusal: inhibits platelet aggregation similarly to aspirin; structure	7.05	1	0	benzoic acids; carboxylic ester; salicylates
diazomethane Diazomethane: A diazonium compound with the formula CH2N2.. diazomethane : The simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group.	6.93	1	0	diazo compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; poison
perfluorooctanoic acid perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid.	2.82	3	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; surfactant; xenobiotic
citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.	7.41	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; citrulline	Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanogen cyanogen: structure. oxalonitrile : A dinitrile that is ethane substituted by two cyano groups.	3.26	5	0	dinitrile; pseudohalogen
propadiene [no description available]	2.98	4	0	allenes
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	3.77	10	0	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	2.93	4	0
indoline indoline: structure given in first source	2.58	2	0	indoles
sodium carbonate sodium carbonate: used topically for dermatitides, mouthwash, vaginal douche; veterinary use as emergency emetic; RN given refers to carbonic acid, di-Na salt; structure	2.1	1	0	carbonate salt; organic sodium salt
4-hydroxyphenylethanol 4-hydroxyphenylethanol: in chest gland secretion of galagos. 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol : A phenol substituted at position 4 by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	2.11	1	0	phenols	anti-arrhythmia drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; protective agent
4-hydroxybutyric acid 4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.13	1	0	4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	general anaesthetic; GHB receptor agonist; neurotoxin; sedative
dimethylacetylene dimethylacetylene: structure in source	3.15	1	0
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	4.9	1	1
oleanolic acid [no description available]	2.1	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
hematoxylin Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.	2.21	1	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; polyphenol; tertiary alcohol	histological dye; plant metabolite
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	5.17	2	1	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	2.11	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid: a nonpermeable electron acceptor. 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is 1,2-naphthoquinone substituted at position 4 with a sulfonic acid group. Used principally as a reagent in colorimetric determinations.	2.06	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; naphthalenone	colorimetric reagent
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	7.76	2	0
gluconic acid gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.	3.37	1	1	gluconic acid	chelator; Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	4.02	3	1	organic molecular entity
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	2.03	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
cellobiose beta-cellobiose : A cellobiose with beta configuration at the reducing-end glucose residue.	2.07	1	0	cellobiose	epitope
hydroxyhydroquinone benzene-1,2,4-triol : A benzenetriol carrying hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4.	2.08	1	0	benzenetriol	mouse metabolite
tropolone Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).. tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii.	2.1	1	0	alpha-hydroxy ketone; cyclic ketone; enol	bacterial metabolite; fungicide; toxin
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.	1.95	1	0	carbodiimide	ATP synthase inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; peptide coupling reagent
tropone [no description available]	2.1	1	0
maleimide [no description available]	7.72	2	0	dicarboximide; maleimides	EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	4.45	20	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	2.48	2	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
3-nitrophenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3-nitrophenols
malachite green malachite green: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. malachite green : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of malachite green cation. Used as a green-coloured dye, as a counter-stain in histology, and for its anti-fungal properties in aquaculture.	2.83	3	0	organic chloride salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal drug; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; fluorochrome; histological dye; teratogenic agent
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	4.9	1	1	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate: Skin irritant and allergen used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and other elastomers.. toluene 2,4-diisocyanate : A toluene meta-diisocyanate in which the isocyanato groups are at positions 2 and 4 relative to the methyl group on the benzene ring.	1.98	1	0	toluene meta-diisocyanate	allergen; hapten
diphenylamine Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.	4.9	1	1	aromatic amine; bridged diphenyl fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; antioxidant; carotogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
1-hexene 1-hexene: structure in first source. 1-hexene : An alkene that is hexane carrying a double bond at position 1.	2.07	1	0	alkene
triphenylphosphine triphenylphosphine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triphenylphosphine : A member of the class of tertiary phosphines that is phosphane in which the three hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.	2.11	1	0	benzenes; tertiary phosphine	NMR chemical shift reference compound; reducing agent
2,6-dinitrotoluene 2,6-dinitrotoluene: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for nitrogen moieties. 2,6-dinitrotoluene : A dinitrotoluene carrying nitro substituents at positions 2 and 6.	2.01	1	0	dinitrotoluene	genotoxin
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.6	1	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.	2.49	2	0
2-pyrrolecarboxylic acid 2-pyrrolecarboxylic acid: hypocalcemic action; structure. pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid : A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-pyrrole carrying a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.11	1	0	pyrrolecarboxylic acid	plant metabolite
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	3.13	1	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
2'-deoxy-5'-adenosine monophosphate 2'-deoxy-5'-adenosine monophosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having adenine as the nucleobase.	2.05	1	0	2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	fundamental metabolite
homoserine homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine.	3.15	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; homoserine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethylnitrosourea Ethylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by ethyl and nitroso groups.	7.37	2	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole: structure in first source. 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenol : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazole substituted by a 2-hydroxyphenyl group at position 2.	2.08	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; phenols	geroprotector
amaranth dye Amaranth Dye: A sulfonic acid-based naphthylazo dye used as a coloring agent for foodstuffs and medicines and as a dye and chemical indicator. It was banned by the FDA in 1976 for use in foods, drugs, and cosmetics. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.1	1	0
demeton-s-methyl [no description available]	1.99	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
hexafluoroisopropanol 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol : An organofluorine compound formed by substitution of all the methyl protons in propan-2-ol by fluorine. It is a metabolite of inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane.	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol	drug metabolite
cyclopentenone 2-cyclopenten-1-one : An enone that is cyclopentanone having a C=C double bond at position 2.	2.03	1	0	alicyclic ketone; enone	Hsp70 inducer
deoxycytidine [no description available]	3.01	4	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2'-deoxyadenosine 2'-deoxyformycin A: RN not in Chemline 9/85; RN and structure given in first source	7.05	1	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
rhodamine 6g rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl	2.05	1	0
semeron [no description available]	2.06	1	0	1,3,5-triazines
deoxycytidine monophosphate Deoxycytidine Monophosphate: Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2'-,3'- or 5- positions.. 2'-deoxycytosine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.05	1	0	2'-deoxycytidine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carmine Carmine: Coloring matter from the insect Coccus cacti L. It is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc., as a dye, and also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker.	2.69	3	0
calcium peroxide [no description available]	7.6	1	0	calcium oxides
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	4.17	13	0
germanium oxide germanium oxide: has antimutagenic effects; RN given refers to cpd with MF GeO2	2.45	2	0
potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH	2.11	1	0	alkali metal hydroxide
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.9	4	0	alkali metal hydroxide
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	2.76	3	0	zinc molecular entity
vanadium pentoxide [no description available]	2.03	1	0	vanadium oxide
molybdenum disulfide [no description available]	7.25	1	0	sulfide salt
hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.	3.55	2	0	hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	2.47	2	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	3.14	5	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
selenomethionine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	selenoamino acid; selenomethionines	plant metabolite
dodecyldimethylamine oxide dodecyldimethylamine oxide: zwitterionic detergent. dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the formal oxidation of the amino group of dodecyldimethylamine.	2.25	1	0	tertiary amine oxide	detergent; plant metabolite
clopyralid clopyralid : An organochlorine pesticide having a 3,6-dichlorinated picolinic acid structure.	2.25	1	0	organochlorine pesticide; pyridines	herbicide
decane decane : A straight-chain alkane with 10 carbon atoms.	2.05	1	0	alkane
stearylamine stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine.	2.25	1	0	primary aliphatic amine	film-forming compound
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	2.47	2	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
orange g orange G : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 7-hydroxy-8-[(E)-phenyldiazenyl]naphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid. It is often combined with other yellow dyes in alcoholic solution to stain erythrocytes in trichrome methods, and is used for demonstrating cells in the pancreas and pituitary.	2.1	1	0
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	2.11	1	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
2,6-dichlorobenzamide [no description available]	2.51	2	0	benzamides; dichlorobenzene	herbicide; marine xenobiotic metabolite
n-isopropylacrylamide N-isopropylacrylamide: can polymerize with glycidyl acrylate to form reactive water-soluble polymer that can react with the amino groups of enzymes-proteins or other ligands	2	1	0
fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.	2.46	2	0	fucopyranose; L-fucose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	primary alcohol
sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.	4.78	28	0	thujene	plant metabolite
2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole 2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)phenol : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 1,3-benzothiazole substituted by a 2-hydroxyphenyl group at position 2.	2.07	1	0	benzothiazoles; phenols	geroprotector
mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.	7.94	4	0	D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose	metabolite
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	4.9	1	1	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
azo rubin s azo rubin S: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.25	1	0
phenoxyacetic acid phenoxyacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the O-phenyl derivative of glycolic acid. A metabolite of 2-phenoxyethanol, it is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fungicides and dyes.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant growth retardant
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	3.86	11	0	carbon oxoanion
chromotrope 2r chromotrope 2R: RN given refers to disodium salt. acid red 29 : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 4,5-dihydroxy-3-(phenyldiazenyl)naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid. It is used as the plasma stain in trichrome techniques.	2.51	2	0	organic sodium salt	histological dye
strombine N-methyliminodiacetic acid: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
ochratoxin b ochratoxin B: structure given in first source. ochratoxin B : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid. Ochratoxin B differs from the more naturally abundant ochratoxin A in the absence of the dihydroisocoumarin chlorine atom. It has cytotoxic effects on kidney and liver cells in vitro but only minor effects in vivo, due to its rapid metabolism and excretion. It inhibits cell proliferation of human liver HepG2 cells at doses as low as 1 mug/ ml but lacks the genotoxic activity of ochratoxin A, even at higher concentrations.	2.11	1	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	7.04	1	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
trioctylmethylammonium trioctylmethylammonium: used in high performance liquid chromatography for the separation of tRNA; RN given refers to chloride. methyltrioctylammonium : A quaternary ammonium ion with three octyl groups and one methyl group attached to the nitrogen.	2.07	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
1-hydroxypyrene 1-hydroxypyrene: pyrene metabolite; RN given refers to parent cpd	7.5	2	0	pyrenes
diadenosine tetraphosphate P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate : A diadenosyl tetraphosphate compound having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.	2	1	0	diadenosyl tetraphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
terbutylazine terbutylazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N-tert-butyl-N'-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.	2.21	1	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
4-deethylatrazine desethylatrazine: a chlorotriazine herbicide; structure in first source. deethylatrazine : A chloro-1,3,5-triazine that is 6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a propan-2-yl group.	2.17	1	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	marine xenobiotic metabolite
ammonium nitrate ammonium nitrate: structure. ammonium nitrate : The ammonium salt of nitric acid.	2.11	1	0	ammonium salt; inorganic molecular entity; inorganic nitrate salt	explosive; fertilizer; oxidising agent
1-phenyl-3,3-dimethyltriazene [no description available]	2.05	1	0
dysprosium Dysprosium: An element of the rare earth family that has the atomic symbol Dy, atomic number 66, and atomic weight 162.50. Dysprosium is a silvery metal used primarily in the form of various salts.	2.1	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	6.27	25	0	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
lanthanum [no description available]	2.38	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom
lutetium Lutetium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.	2.05	1	0	d-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	8.47	76	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	6.79	26	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	8.14	49	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
neodymium Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.	6.72	53	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
neon Neon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ne, atomic number 10, and atomic weight 20.18. It is found in the earth's crust and atmosphere as an inert, odorless gas and is used in vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps.	3.34	7	0	monoatomic neon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
niobium Niobium: A metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb.	3.41	7	0	vanadium group element atom
osmium Osmium: A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os.	2.08	1	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	6.19	40	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	4.94	35	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
plutonium Plutonium: A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.	2.87	4	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
praseodymium Praseodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pr, atomic number 59, and atomic weight 140.91.	2.49	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
rhenium Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.	2.44	2	0	manganese group element atom
rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.	3.81	11	0	cobalt group element atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	11.24	9	1	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
samarium Samarium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	4.51	5	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	7.56	23	1	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
tantalum Tantalum: A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices.	3.41	7	0	vanadium group element atom
terbium Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.	2.99	4	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
thorium Thorium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography.	7.47	2	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
thulium Thulium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93.	2.47	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	8.65	73	1	titanium group element atom
tungsten Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.	3.09	5	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
americium Americium: A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy.	3.48	8	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.	3.47	8	0	monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom	food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	9.64	60	1	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.	3.86	11	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	7.87	54	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
curium Curium: A radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cm, and atomic number 96. Thirteen curium isotopes have been produced with mass numbers ranging from 238-250. Its valence can be +3 or +4. It is intensely radioactive and decays by alpha-emission.	1.95	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
erbium Erbium: Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26.	2.81	3	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.	8.6	8	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	6.3	27	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	5.15	41	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.	5.15	15	0	monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom	food packaging gas
uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.	4.79	10	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium
vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.	6.65	15	0	elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom	micronutrient
xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.	2.51	2	0	monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
yttrium Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.	2.49	2	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	8.7	10	0	titanium group element atom
californium Californium: A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy.	3.49	8	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.	2.06	1	0	aluminium coordination entity	Lewis acid
perchloric acid [no description available]	2.1	1	0	chlorine oxoacid
sodium nitrate sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.	2.04	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; inorganic sodium salt	fertilizer; NMR chemical shift reference compound
hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.	3.67	8	0	chlorine oxoacid; reactive oxygen species	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	5.3	2	1	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
ferric chloride ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents	2.15	1	0	iron coordination entity	astringent; Lewis acid
phosphine phosphane : The simplest phosphine, consisting of a single phosphorus atom with three hydrogens attached.. phosphine : Phosphane (PH3) and compounds derived from it by substituting one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups: RPH2, R2PH, R3P (R =/= H) are called primary, secondary and tertiary phosphines, respectively. A specific phosphine is preferably named as a substituted phosphane.	4.77	9	0	mononuclear parent hydride; phosphanes; phosphine	carcinogenic agent; fumigant insecticide
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	9.84	6	0	diatomic bromine
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	2.07	1	0	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
sodium sulfate [no description available]	3.37	6	0	inorganic sodium salt
magnesium phosphate (2:3) [no description available]	2.25	1	0	inorganic magnesium salt
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	2.48	2	0	calcium phosphate
silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.	2.13	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt	astringent
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	3.56	8	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	5.27	17	0	dihydrogen
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	7.74	40	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	5.99	33	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
nitrous acid Nitrous Acid: Nitrous acid (HNO2). A weak acid that exists only in solution. It can form water-soluble nitrites and stable esters. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	7.31	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
silver chloride [no description available]	3	4	0	inorganic chloride; silver salt
deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.	3.54	2	0	deuterated compound; water	NMR solvent
fluorosulfonic acid perfluorosulfonic acid: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer–copolymer	3.24	5	0	sulfur oxoacid	NMR solvent
ammonium perchlorate [no description available]	1.99	1	0
propham propham: minor descriptor (72-85); on-line & Index Medicus search HERBICIDES, CARBAMATE (72-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. propham : A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of phenylcarbamic acid. It is a selective herbicide used for the control of annual grasses and some broad-leaf weeds and is also a growth regulator for control of sprouting in stored potatoes.	7.04	1	0	benzenes; carbamate ester	herbicide; plant growth retardant
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	2.46	2	0
sodium hydride [no description available]	2.34	2	0
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	5.85	6	1	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
aluminum sulfate aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.	2.75	3	0	aluminium sulfate
radon Radon: A naturally radioactive element with atomic symbol Rn, and atomic number 86. It is a member of the noble gas family found in soil, and is released during the decay of RADIUM.. radon(0) : A monoatomic radon that has an oxidation state of zero.	1.99	1	0	monoatomic radon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
1,3-dichloro-1-propene 1,3-dichloro-1-propene: soil fumigant; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 1,3-dichloropropene : A chloropropene with two chloro substituents at positions 1 and 3 respectively..	3.1	1	0
tellurous acid tellurous acid: tellurite anion inhibits oxidation of NAD-linked substrates in kidney & liver mitochondria; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.49	2	0	tellurium oxoacid
boron trichloride [no description available]	2.62	3	0
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.8	3	0
rhamnose [no description available]	1.94	1	0	L-rhamnose
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.	7.21	1	0	ammonium salt; inorganic chloride	ferroptosis inhibitor
4-aminobutanol 4-aminobutanol: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	4.65	25	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
salen disalicylaldehyde ethylenediamine: reagents for determination of iron	7.6	1	0
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.03	1	0
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	2.15	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
ethephon (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid: structure in first source. (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid compound having a 2-chloroethyl substituent attached to the P-atom.	2.11	1	0	phosphonic acids	plant growth regulator
fluoroboric acid [no description available]	2.36	2	0	boron fluoride
fluorides [no description available]	7.43	65	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
stannic oxide tin dioxide : A tin oxide compound consisting of tin(IV) covalently bound to two oxygen atoms.	3.57	2	0	tin oxide
chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen	7.41	1	0	chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation
geosmin geosmin: earthy smelling cpd from sediment in Lake Biwa; structure. (-)-geosmin : The (-)-stereoisomer of geosmin, having 4S,4aS,8aR configuration.	2.15	1	0	geosmin
brilliant orange 3r brilliant orange 3R: RN given refers to di-Na salt; RN for parent cpd not avail 11/92; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
iodine [no description available]	3.75	11	0	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
aluminum phosphide [no description available]	2.05	1	0
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	6.48	14	1	benzenes; phenyl acetates
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.	1.95	1	0	chloride salt; organic chloride salt	antiseptic drug; surfactant
pyrrolidine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	azacycloalkane; pyrrolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
1,4-dioxane 1,4-dioxane: dehydrating agent; polar solvent miscible both with water & most organic solvents. dioxane : Any member of the class of dioxanes that is a cyclohexane in which two carbon atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms.. 1,4-dioxane : A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4.	7.8	3	0	dioxane; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; non-polar solvent
pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.	7.77	3	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant
4-methoxyamphetamine 4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation	4.96	2	1
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	8.11	5	0
alkenes [no description available]	6.36	47	0
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.8	3	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
allura red ac dye Allura Red AC Dye: new monoazo dye proposed as color additive in various food products; RN given refers to di-Na salt; structure	2.17	1	0
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	2.13	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	2.78	3	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	7.54	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
tramadol Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.	10.08	2	1	2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
vanadyl sulfate [no description available]	3.1	1	0	metal sulfate; vanadium coordination entity
gallium citrate [no description available]	4.9	1	1
substance p [no description available]	2.01	1	0	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
bezafibrate [no description available]	7.51	2	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
oxyfluorofen oxyfluorofen: structure	2.58	2	0	aromatic ether	EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. methylisothiazolinone : A 1,2-thazole that is 4-isothiazolin-3-one bearing a methyl group on the nitrogen atom. It is a powerful biocide and preservative and is the minor active ingredient in the commercial product Kathon(TM).	2.76	2	0	1,2-thiazoles	antifouling biocide; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
deoxynivalenol deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.	2.21	1	0	cyclic ketone; enone; primary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; trichothecene; triol	mycotoxin
3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine T1023: radioprotective NO-Synthase Inhibitor	2.31	1	0
9-(dicyanovinyl)julolidine 9-(dicyanovinyl)julolidine: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.	2.35	2	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
methyl bensulfuron methyl bensulfuron: RN given refers to parent cpds. bensulfuron-methyl : The methyl ester of bensulfuron. An acetolactate synthase inhibitor, it is used as a herbicide for the control of a variety of both annual and perennial weeds in crops, particularly wheat and rice. It is not licensed for use within the UK.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; methyl ester; N-sulfonylurea; pyrimidines	agrochemical; EC 2.2.1.6 (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor; herbicide
itraconazole Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.	4.9	1	1	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; N-arylpiperazine; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
flavone acetic acid flavone acetic acid: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
aromasil [no description available]	2.21	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
atorvastatin [no description available]	7.47	2	0	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	4.9	1	1	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
ziprasidone ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.	2.05	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; indolones; organochlorine compound; piperazines	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.	2.13	1	0	guanidines	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.	7.05	1	0	oxazolidinone; tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
3-iodobenzylguanidine 3-Iodobenzylguanidine: A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.	1.98	1	0	organoiodine compound
emtricitabine Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.	4.9	1	1	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidone	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	4.54	7	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
gadolinium chloride gadolinium chloride: a macrophage inhibitor; reduces pulmonary injury and inflammatory mediator production induced by inhaled ozone	2.05	1	0	gadolinium coordination entity	TRP channel blocker
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	2.49	2	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
zircon zircon: RN given refers to Zr(+4)[1:1] salt; structure	2.41	1	0
dimethylhydrazines Dimethylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.	1.94	1	0
cathinone cathinone: alkaloid from khat shrub, Catha edulis; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. cathinone : The S stereoisomer of 2-aminopropiophenone.	7.41	1	0	2-aminopropiophenone; monoamine alkaloid	central nervous system stimulant; psychotropic drug
barium oxide [no description available]	2.13	1	0
potassium phosphate potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.	2.6	1	0	inorganic phosphate salt; inorganic potassium salt
caloreen caloreen: glucose polymer with average length of five glucose units for dietary energy supplement. dextrin : Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds.	2.05	1	0
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	4.78	29	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	4.9	1	1	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	3.64	9	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
cyclen cyclen: macrocyclic polyamine metal-complexing agent. 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane : An azacycloalkane that is cyclododecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.	7.06	1	0	azacycloalkane; crown amine; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
thymidine 5'-triphosphate thymidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dTTP : A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.	2.02	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; thymidine phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
5-methylcytosine 5-Methylcytosine: A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.. 5-methylcytosine : A pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position.	7.6	1	0	methylcytosine; pyrimidines	human metabolite
thionine thionine: do not confuse with the thionins which is a class of polypeptides; RN above is for the chloride;. thionine : An organic chloride salt composed of 3,7-diaminophenothiazin-5-ium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. A strongly metachromatic dye, useful for the staining of acid mucopolysaccharides. It is also a common nuclear stain and can be used for the demonstration of Nissl substance in nerve cells of the CNS.	7.31	1	0
chlorin chlorin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chlorin : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is obtained by formal hydrogenation across the 2,3-double bond of porphyrin.	7.51	2	0
phosphoramidic acid phosphoramidic acid: urease inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; do not confuse with phosphoramidites, which are organophosphorus compounds	1.99	1	0	phosphoric acid derivative
1,2-distearoyllecithin [no description available]	2.41	2	0
metaperiodate Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.	3.2	6	0	iodine oxoacid
fluorophosphate fluorophosphate: inhibits Phosphorylas phosphatase irreversibly; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.86	4	0	fluorine molecular entity; phosphoric acid derivative
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.07	1	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	2.15	1	0	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
lercanidipine [no description available]	2.25	1	0	diarylmethane
silver bromide [no description available]	2.21	1	0
boron nitride [no description available]	5.46	17	0	nitride
naphthalimides Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS.	2.31	1	0
benzeneboronic acid [no description available]	4.15	15	0	boronic acids
leucomalachite green [no description available]	7.03	1	0	benzenoid aromatic compound
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available]	2.66	3	0	phenanthroline
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	3.62	8	0	1,2,3-triazole
1,8-diaminonaphthalene 1,8-diaminonaphthalene: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.	2.13	1	0	anthocyanidin chloride
n,n-carbonyldiimidazole [no description available]	1.98	1	0
azure b Azure B: RN given refers to chloride. azure B : An organic chloride salt having 3-(dimethylamino)-7-(methylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is used in making azure eosin stains for blood smear staining and is an active metabolite of methylene blue.	2.1	1	0
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	5.2	2	1	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.	7.06	1	0	dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
artemisinin (+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	7.47	2	0	organic peroxide; sesquiterpene lactone	antimalarial; plant metabolite
beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid : A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isovaleric acid substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. Used as indicator of biotin deficiency.	3.1	1	0	3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite
resorufin [no description available]	7.07	1	0	phenoxazine
fructose-6-phosphate fructose-6-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. fructose 6-phosphate : A ketohexose monophosphate consisting of fructose having a phosphate group located at the 6-position.	1.93	1	0	D-fructose 6-phosphate
cyclopropylamine cyclopropylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. cyclopropylamine : A primary aliphatic amine that consists of cyclopropane bearing a single amino substituent.	2.11	1	0	primary aliphatic amine	mouse metabolite
4-phenylpiperidine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
enrofloxacin Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.	2.17	1	0	cyclopropanes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
ubenimex ubenimex: growth inhibitor	1.97	1	0
hesperetin [no description available]	2.21	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
xanthydrol [no description available]	1.94	1	0
6-hydroxynicotinic acid 6-hydroxynicotinic acid : A monohydroxypyridine that is the 6-hydroxy derivative of nicotinic acid.	2.1	1	0	monohydroxypyridine	Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite
tetracyanoquinodimethane tetracyanoquinodimethane: structure. tetracyanoquinodimethane : A quinodimethane that is p-quinodimethane in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by cyano groups.	7.03	1	0	alicyclic compound; nitrile; quinodimethane
2,2'-dipicolylamine 2,2'-dipicolylamine: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	2.51	2	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
ceric oxide ceric oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeO2. ceric oxide : A metal oxide with formula CeO2. It is used for polishing glass, in coatings for infra-red filters to prevent reflection, and as an oxidant and catalyst in organic synthesis.	3.02	4	0	cerium molecular entity; metal oxide
sodium oxide [no description available]	1.98	1	0
(2.2)paracyclophane (2.2)paracyclophane: structure in first source	2.11	1	0
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid : A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is octane-1-sulfonic acid in which all seventeen of the hydrogens that are attached to carbons hvae been replaced by fluorines.	3.08	4	0	perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid	antilipemic drug; persistent organic pollutant
6-chloronicotinic acid [no description available]	2.1	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
iridium oxide iridium oxide: RN given refers to Ir-O2	4.28	5	0
tebuconazole Lynx: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising felines with long legs, ear tufts, and a short tail.. 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is pentan-3-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl, methyl, methyl, and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl at positions 1, 4, 4 and 3 respectively.. tebuconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tebuconazole. A fungicide effective against various smut and bunt diseases in cereals and other field crops.	2.49	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazoles
coenzyme a [no description available]	2.34	2	0	adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate	coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	5.39	4	1	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	2.35	2	0	iditol	fungal metabolite
galaxolide galaxolide: musk fragrance; structure given in first source. galaxolide : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[g]isochromene substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 6, 7, 8 and 8 respectively. It is a synthetic musk used as a fragrance in cosmetics.	2.03	1	0	isochromenes; organic heterotricyclic compound	fragrance
cadmium telluride cadmium telluride: used in radiation monitoring device	2.63	2	0
goethite [no description available]	7.52	2	0
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	2.97	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
teflubenzuron teflubenzuron: effective against development of house fly larvae (Musca domestica). teflubenzuron : A N-acylurea that is N-carbamoyl-2,6-difluorobenzamide substituted by a 3,5-dichloro-2,4-difluorophenyl group at the terminal nitrogen atom.	1.99	1	0	dichlorobenzene; difluorobenzene; N-acylurea	environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
3-aminobenzeneboronic acid [no description available]	2.47	2	0
mci 9038 [no description available]	1.98	1	0	peptide
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	2.98	4	0
titanium nitride (tin) titanium nitride: RN given refers to unspecified MF	2.82	3	0
n-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-n'-phenylurea forchlorfenuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea substituted by a phenyl group and a 2-chloropyridin-4-yl group at positions 1 and 3 respectively. It is a plant growth regulator widely used in agriculture for improving fruit quality and fruit size.	2.03	1	0	monochloropyridine; phenylureas	plant growth regulator
azomethine h azomethine H: increases Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity	3.15	5	0
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.8	3	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
4-chloro-3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenylazo)-2-hydroxybenzene-1-sulfonic acid [no description available]	2.17	1	0
2,5-dihydroxypyridine pyridine-2,5-diol : A dihydroxypyridine that is pyridine substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 5.	4.9	1	1	dihydroxypyridine	mouse metabolite
pregnanetriol Pregnanetriol: A metabolite of 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE, normally produced in small quantities by the GONADS and the ADRENAL GLANDS, found in URINE. An elevated urinary pregnanetriol is associated with CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA with a deficiency of STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE.	1.94	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
benzyloxyamine benzyloxyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	8.44	44	1	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
yttrium radioisotopes Yttrium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.	1.97	1	0
chlorates Chlorates: Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.	2.59	2	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system	2.02	1	0	oligopeptide
vitamin b 6 Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.	2.11	1	0
2-(2-cresyl)-4h-1-3-2-benzodioxaphosphorin-2-oxide 2-(2-cresyl)-4H-1-3-2-benzodioxaphosphorin-2-oxide: cyclic metabolite of tri-o-cresyl phosphate; synergist for cholinesterase inhibitors	2.41	1	0
cyanates Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).	2.42	2	0
saikosaponin d [no description available]	7.1	1	0
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	2.06	1	0	proanthocyanidin
phosphites Phosphites: Inorganic salts or organic esters of phosphorous acid that contain the (3-)PO3 radical. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). phosphite(3-) : A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from phosphorous acid.	2.06	1	0	phosphite ion; trivalent inorganic anion
fingolimod hydrochloride Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.. fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod).	2.6	1	0	hydrochloride	immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
desethylterbuthylazine desethylterbuthylazine: a metabolite of terbuthylazine. terbutylazine-desethyl : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a tert-butyl group at the amino nitrogen and a chloro group at position 6. It is metabolite of the herbicide terbutylazine.	2.21	1	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	marine xenobiotic metabolite
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	2.17	1	0
methyl beta-cellobioside methyl beta-cellobioside: molecular model given in first source	2.05	1	0
valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.	3.46	2	0	short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	plant metabolite
silicon phthalocyanine pc4 [no description available]	2.47	2	0
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	2.82	3	0	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine: water-soluble reagent which irreversibly reduces disulfides to thiols at room temperature & is active below neutral pH; used for quantitation of iodine and iodate. TCEP : A tertiary phosphine in which phosphane is substituted with three 2-carboxyethyl groups. It is a commonly used reducing agent.	4.94	2	1	phosphine derivative; tricarboxylic acid	reducing agent
n-acetyltyramine N-acetyltyramine: structure given in first source. N-acetyltyramine : A member of the class of tyramines that is tyramine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by an acetyl group.	7.05	1	0	acetamides; tyramines	animal metabolite; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid: structure given in first source. DOTA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 of a twelve-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.	2.11	1	0	azamacrocycle	chelator; copper chelator
acetylphenylalanyl-prolyl-boroarginine Ac-(D)Phe-Pro-boroArg-OH : A C-terminal boronic acid petide that is N-acetyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine in which the C-termnal carboxy group has been replaced by a borono (-B(OH)2) group. A thrombin (Factor IIa) inhibitor, thereby acting as an anticoagulant.. DuP-714 : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of Ac-(D)Phe-Pro-boroArg-OH and hydrogen chloride. A thrombin (Factor IIa) inhibitor, thereby acting as an anticoagulant.	1.97	1	0	acetamides; C-terminal boronic acid peptide; guanidines	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
benzyne benzyne: structure in first source. benzyne : 1,2-didehydrobenzene and its derivatives formed by substitution.	7.61	2	0	aryne; benzyne
carbene carbene: electrically neutral species H2C: and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons; carbene is the name of the parent hydride :CH2 ; hence, the name dichlorocarbene for :CCl2. However, names for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more divalent carbon atoms are derived from the name of the corresponding all-4-hydrocarbon using the suffix -ylidene; methylene carbene also available. carbene : The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state).	5.18	14	0	carbene; methanediyl
cyclopropene cyclopropene: structure. cyclopropene : A cycloalkene that consists of cyclopropane having a double bond in the ring. The parent of the class of cyclopropenes.	2.1	1	0	cycloalkene; cyclopropenes
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	2.53	2	0	nitrogen oxoacid
perchlorate perchlorate: the explosive component of rocket fuel; an environmental contaminant that disrupts THYROID HORMONES. perchlorate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of perchloric acid.	3.4	6	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
fullerene c60 Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.	4.39	19	0	fullerene	geroprotector
aerobactin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	L-lysine derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; siderophore; virulence factor
c & b metabond Super-bond: an adhesive resin composed of 4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic anhydride (4-META), methylmethacrylates (MMA) and tri-n-butylborane (TBB)	2.11	1	0
n(omega)-hydroxyarginine N(omega)-hydroxyarginine: can cause vasorelaxation of bovine intrapulmonary artery; structure given in first source. N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine : An N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine in which the double bond has Z-configuration.	2	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; N(5)-[(E)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[(hydroxyamino)(imino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine; N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine
indatraline indatraline: RN given for (trans)-isomer; structure in first source	7.06	1	0	indanes
methotrexate [no description available]	2.4	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
boroleucine boroleucine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer	1.97	1	0
tamsulosin [no description available]	8.99	1	1	5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antineoplastic agent
4-hydroxy-25-desoxyneorollinicin 4-hydroxy-25-desoxyneorollinicin: isol from Rollina papilionella; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
ym 529 YM 529: inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
fosamprenavir fosamprenavir: a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. fosamprenavir : A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.	7.05	1	0	sulfonamide	prodrug
castasterone castasterone: a brassinosteroid; RN refers to ((2alpha,3alpha,5alpha,22R,23R,24S)-isomer; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	22-hydroxy steroid; 23-hydroxy steroid; 2alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 6-oxo steroid; brassinosteroid	plant growth stimulator
febuxostat Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.	2.15	1	0	1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; nitrile	EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
carbapenems [no description available]	4.9	1	1
aspartame [no description available]	9.77	3	0	carboxylic acid; dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; methyl ester	apoptosis inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; micronutrient; nutraceutical; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
calcium borate calcium borate: RN given refers to cpd with MF CaB4O7	2.91	4	0
quinone methide quinone methide: intermediate in eumelanin biosynthesis; structure given in first source. quinomethane : A methylidenecyclohexadienone, formally derived from a benzoquinone by replacement of one of the quinone oxygens by a methylidene group.	7.11	1	0	quinomethane
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	5.38	2	1	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
borazine borazine: structure in first source	7.98	4	0	inorganic aromatic compound; inorganic heterocyclic compound
methaneboronic acid [no description available]	2.17	1	0
perrhenate perrhenate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of O4-Re	2.04	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; rhenium oxoanion
boron difluoride boron difluoride: structure in first source	7.31	1	0
dipyrromethane [no description available]	3.91	3	0	dipyrrole
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	7.11	14	1	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.	2	1	0
2-quinolinecarboxamide 2-quinolinecarboxamide: structure in first source	7.05	1	0
3'-deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	2.61	2	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
4-boronophenylalanine 4-boronophenylalanine: neutron absorbing (10)B-cpd used in thermal neutron capturetherapy of malignant melanoma; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source	9.57	54	3
n-methylglucosamine N-methylglucosamine: RN given refers to (D)-isomer	2.17	1	0
conivaptan conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).	2.41	1	0	benzazepine	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
hyoscyamine Hyoscyamine: The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.. (S)-atropine : An atropine with a 2S-configuration.	1.93	1	0	tropane alkaloid
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	7.73	45	1	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
gallium oxide gallium oxide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.03	1	0
gadolinium oxide gadolinium oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Gd2-O3	2.03	1	0
bismuth orthovanadate bismuth vanadium tetraoxide: ferroelastic	2.49	2	0
sodium percarbonate sodium percarbonate: RN given refers to unspecified Na salt	2.6	1	0
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	6.63	13	1	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
peroxymonosulfate peroxymonosulfate: oxidizing agent in prevention of tooth discoloration; RN given refers to ion(2-)	5.55	3	1	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	4.24	16	0
carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.	1.94	1	0	carbodiimide
zirconium phosphate zirconium phosphate: reagent for carcinoembryonic antigen determination in plasma from patients having benign or malignant disease; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified ratio	2.02	1	0
sclareol sclareol: structure given in first source. sclareol : A labdane diterpenoid that is labd-14-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 8 and 13. It has been isolated from Salvia sclarea.	7.41	1	0	labdane diterpenoid	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; apoptosis inducer; fragrance; plant metabolite
tartrazine Tartrazine: An anionic, hydrophilic azo dye with an orange-yellow color used in fabrics, foods and cosmetics, and as a biological stain.. tartrazine : An organic sodium salt which is the trisodium salt of tartrazine acid. A synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food colouring.	2.31	1	0
metaperiodate metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.	2.38	2	0	iodine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	7.76	3	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	2.87	4	0
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	5.24	7	0
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	2.7	3	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
nickel monoxide [no description available]	2.11	1	0
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	7.91	3	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
chlorite [no description available]	2.41	1	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
rhizoferrin rhizoferrin: a ferric polycarboxylate; a complexone-type siderophore; synthesized and secreted by Rhizopus microsporus	2.03	1	0
n-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide N-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide: structure in first source. fenhexamid : An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-amino-2,3-dichlorophenol.	2.6	1	0	anilide fungicide; aromatic amide; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; phenols	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.72 (methylsterol monooxygenase) inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione [no description available]	2.31	1	0
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.	2.03	1	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
erythritol [no description available]	2.74	3	0	butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol	antioxidant; human metabolite; plant metabolite
cortisone [no description available]	1.94	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
lithium fluoride lithium fluoride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li-F; GR200-A is LiF activated by Mg, Cu, and P	2.39	2	0
sodium sulfide sodium sulfide: see also record for sodium bisulfide; actisoufre is the sodium sulfide component of sulfur-containing thermal springs which is also found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae	2.02	1	0
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	10.8	6	1
cyclovirobuxine d cyclovirobuxine D: active priciple of Buxus microphylla var. sinica; has anti-arrhythmic & arrhythmia-inducing actions	2.15	1	0
wortmannin [no description available]	2.44	2	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-azabicyclo(2,2,2,)octan-3-one 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-azabicyclo(2,2,2,)octan-3-one: structure in first source	2.41	1	0	cyclic ketone; quinuclidines
o-iodoxybenzoic acid o-iodoxybenzoic acid: structure in first source. 1-hydroxy-1,3-dioxobenziodoxole : A benziodoxole compound having hydroxy and oxo substituents at the 1-position and an oxo substituent at the 3-position. It is a mild and efficient hypervalent iodine synthetic reagent used to carry out several selective oxidation reactions.	2.02	1	0	benziodoxole	EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; oxidising agent
bortezomib [no description available]	10.64	6	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
meridianin g meridianin G: from the tunicate Aplidium meridianum; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.	2.25	1	0
arabinose [no description available]	2.6	1	0	L-arabinose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2.63	2	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
hexacyanoferrate iii hexacyanoferrate III: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.09	5	0
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	3.55	2	0	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	1.94	1	0
diaminopimelic acid Diaminopimelic Acid: A diamino derivative of heptanedioic acid with amino groups at C-2 and C-6 and the general formula (COOH)CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)(COOH).. LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid : A 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in which both chiral centres have S configuration. It is a component of bacterial cell wall.	2.03	1	0	2,6-diaminopimelic acid; amino acid zwitterion	Escherichia coli metabolite
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	7.54	2	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
puromycin [no description available]	1.97	1	0	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	2.34	2	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
indican [no description available]	2.05	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; exopolysaccharide; indolyl carbohydrate
ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.	7.11	1	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.17	1	0
4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.79	3	0	cyclodextrin
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	2.02	1	0	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.03	1	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
equilenin Equilenin: An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of five double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of equilenin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.. equilenin : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estrone which carries two double bonds at positions 6 and 8. It is found in the urine of pregnant mare's and extensively used for estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.	2.41	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	antioxidant; mammalian metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	7.15	1	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	2.55	2	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
ferric hydroxide ferric hydroxide: additional RNs for iron hydroxide oxide: 11115-92-7, 20344-49-4; RN for unspecified iron hydroxide: 11113-66-9	2.52	2	0
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	6.98	38	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	3.03	4	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
lycopene [no description available]	2.15	1	0	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
desoxyepothilone b desoxyepothilone B: microtubule-targeted antitumor agent; lacking the epoxide of epothilone B; may be equiv to epothilone D. epothilone D : An epithilone that is epithilone C in which the hydrogen at position 13 of the oxacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,6-dione macrocycle has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.15	1	0	epothilone	microtubule-stabilising agent
y 27632 Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.	2.41	1	0	aromatic amide
epothilone a Epothilones: A group of 16-member MACROLIDES which stabilize MICROTUBULES in a manner similar to PACLITAXEL. They were originally found in the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, now renamed to Polyangium (MYXOCOCCALES).	2.15	1	0	epothilone; epoxide	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent; tubulin modulator
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).	4.99	2	1
laminaran laminaran: beta-1,3-glucan	2.31	1	0
gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.	2.4	2	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.	2.39	2	0	pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion	analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	5.14	2	1	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
favipiravir favipiravir : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine substituted by aminocarbonyl, hydroxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3 and 6, respectively. It is an anti-viral agent that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of several RNA viruses and is approved for the treatment of influenza in Japan.	7.31	1	0	hydroxypyrazine; organofluorine compound; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	2.33	2	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	2.48	2	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
potassium bicarbonate potassium hydrogencarbonate : A potassium salt that is the monopotassium salt of carbonic acid. It has fungicidal properties and is used in organic farming for the control of powdery mildew and apple scab.	2.47	2	0	organic salt; potassium salt	antifungal agrochemical; buffer; food acidity regulator; raising agent
ammonium acetate ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.	2.1	1	0	acetate salt; ammonium salt	buffer; food acidity regulator
potassium fluoride potassium fluoride : A fluoride salt having K+ as the counterion.	7.01	1	0	fluoride salt; potassium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound; poison
2,2'-bipyridine-3,3'-diol 2,2'-bipyridine-3,3'-diol: structure in first source	2.17	1	0
xantphos xantphos: structure in first source	2.49	2	0
geraniol [no description available]	4.9	1	1	3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; monoterpenoid; primary alcohol	allergen; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
glycosides [no description available]	4.99	6	0
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	7.25	1	0	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.88	4	0	isomethyleugenol
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	2.6	1	0	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	2.7	3	0	stilbene
2'-hydroxychalcone 2'-hydroxychalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2'.	2.37	2	0	chalcones; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent
sorbic acid Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.	2.21	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; sorbic acid
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	2.34	2	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	2.05	1	0	diphosphate ion
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	2.41	1	0	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.07	1	0
dienestrol Dienestrol: A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.. dienestrol : An olefinic compound that is hexa-2,4-diene substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively.	2.02	1	0
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	7.76	2	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	2.42	2	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	6.11	8	1	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
thiouracil Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.	6.97	1	0	nucleobase analogue; thiocarbonyl compound	antithyroid drug; metabolite
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	7.08	1	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.91	4	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	2.25	1	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	3.41	1	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
indigo carmine Indigo Carmine: Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.. indigo carmine : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of indigo carmine (acid form) with two equivalents of sodium hydroxide. It is an indicator at pH 11.5-14, changing from blue to yellow.	2.53	2	0
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	8.82	30	6	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	2.03	1	0	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
tempo TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively.	7.05	1	0	aminoxyls; piperidines	catalyst; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
fumonisin b1 fumonisin B1: isolated from Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting activity; inhibits ceramide synthase. fumonisin B1 : A diester that results from the condensation of the 1-carboxy groups of two molecules of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol.	2.15	1	0	diester; fumonisin; primary amino compound; triol	carcinogenic agent; metabolite
tamoxifen [no description available]	2.03	1	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
bis(pinacolato)diboron [no description available]	2.02	1	0	1,3,2-dioxaborolane	EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride: structure in first source	7.57	2	0
3-pyridinylboronic acid 3-pyridinylboronic acid: structure in first source	7.41	1	0
4-vinylphenyl boronic acid 4-vinylphenyl boronic acid: structure in first source	2	1	0
nadp [no description available]	5.38	4	1
4-aminophenylboronic acid 4-aminophenylboronic acid: used in sensors for detection of sialic acid residues; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
d-glucal [no description available]	7.17	1	0
2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone: structure in first source. 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone : A quinolone consisting of quinolin-4(1H)-one carrying a heptyl substituent at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3.	2.06	1	0	quinolone	signalling molecule
valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.	2.35	2	0	cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
zinc oxide Diaper Rash: A type of irritant dermatitis localized to the area in contact with a diaper and occurring most often as a reaction to prolonged contact with urine, feces, or retained soap or detergent.	3.33	1	1
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	9.72	106	0	alkali metal atom
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	2.08	1	0	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.	2.71	3	0	nitrogen oxide
gestodene Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer	2.13	1	0	steroid	estrogen
cystine [no description available]	4.87	2	1
ferrocenium ferrocenium: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
nitinol nitinol: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Ti; do not confuse with titanium nickelide; other nitinols (nitinol SE and nitinol 55) are Co-Ni-Ti alloys	2.15	1	0
calixarenes Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.	2.02	1	0
dipyrromethene dipyrromethene: structure in first source. dipyrrin : A dipyrrin that consists of pyrrole bearing a pyrrol-2-ylidenemethyl substituent at the 2-position.	8.28	82	0	dipyrrins
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	2.4	2	0
silicon nitride [no description available]	2.06	1	0
anthraquinone sulfonate anthraquinone sulfonate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified acid locant	2.01	1	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	3.19	5	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
mtt formazan MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes	2.08	1	0
metanil yellow metanil yellow: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. metanil yellow : An organic sodium salt having 3-[(4-anilinophenyl)diazenyl]benzene-1-sulfonate as the counterion. Used in one variant of Masson's trichrome to stain collagen yellow in contrast to the red muscle, but is not in common used.	2.06	1	0	organic sodium salt	histological dye
alizarin red s Alizarin Red S: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. alizarin red S : An organic sodium salt having 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonate as the counterion. It is commonly used to stain embryo skeletons in cleared whole mounts, usually of small mammals.	2.9	4	0	organic sodium salt; organosulfonate salt	histological dye
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	3.21	6	0
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	2.06	1	0
sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.05	5	0	inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	2.31	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
4-mercaptophenylboronic acid 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid: structure in first source	2.21	1	0
quercetin [no description available]	7.6	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	1.97	1	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
scopoletin [no description available]	6.93	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	plant growth regulator; plant metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	3.46	2	0
alprostadil [no description available]	2.41	1	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	6.93	9	1	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	4.9	1	1	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	2.02	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.	2.11	1	0	linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
genistein [no description available]	2.43	2	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.41	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
jasmonic acid jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.	7.98	3	0	oxo monocarboxylic acid	jasmonates; plant metabolite
humulene humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.	2.06	1	0	alpha-humulene
oleuropein oleuropein: iridoid isolated from leaves and fruit of Olea and Ligustrum (Oleaceae). oleuropein : A secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars.	4.9	1	1	beta-D-glucoside; catechols; diester; methyl ester; pyrans; secoiridoid glycoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; NF-kappaB inhibitor; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
morusin morusin: from Morus root bark; structure given in first source. morusin : An extended flavonoid that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2' and 4', a prenyl group at position 3 and a 2,2-dimethyl pyran group across positions 7 and 8.	4.9	1	1	extended flavonoid; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	2.02	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.	4.9	1	1	rosmarinic acid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.	2.05	1	0	F2-isoprostane	biomarker; bronchoconstrictor agent; vasoconstrictor agent
menatetrenone menaquinone-4 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 4 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.	3.45	1	1	menaquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; bone density conservation agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.07	1	0	4-hydroxynon-2-enal; 4-hydroxynonenal
n-oleoylethanolamine N-oleoylethanolamine: ceramidase inhibitor. oleoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of oleic acid. The monounsaturated analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide.	3.8	1	1	endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-acylethanolamine 18:1	EC 3.5.1.23 (ceramidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
ubiquinone 8 [no description available]	4.9	1	1	ubiquinones	biomarker
menaquinone 6 menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer	3.45	1	1
phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.	2.04	1	0	hydrochloride
menaquinone 7 menaquinone-7 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains seven isoprene units in an all-trans-configutation.	3.45	1	1	menaquinone	bone density conservation agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
brefeldin a [no description available]	2.06	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
cellodextrin cellodextrin: can be metabolized by some yeast species. cellooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide with between two and about 20 D-glucose residues connected by mixed alpha and beta (1->4) glycosidic linkages.. cellodextrin : A dextrin of varying length (two or more glucose monomers) resulting from cellulolysis, the breakdown of cellulose.	2.05	1	0	glucotriose	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	7.65	3	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.	2.05	1	0	1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	1.99	1	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
fosbretabulin fosbretabulin: a microtubule destabilizing agent isolated from Combretum caffrum; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	7.9	47	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
tin [no description available]	11.06	12	0	carbon group element atom; elemental tin; metal atom	micronutrient
9-(2-carboxy-2-cyanovinyl)julolidine 9-(2-carboxy-2-cyanovinyl)julolidine: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.	5.48	12	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	7.68	3	0	alkali metal atom
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	4.52	24	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	4.01	4	0	alkali metal atom
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	10.15	114	1	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	7.43	37	1	alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.	12.33	14	1	metal atom; pnictogen
thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).	9.46	7	0	boron group element atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	8.74	71	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.	7.93	4	0	boron group element atom
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.	5.9	7	1	boron group element atom
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	6.53	35	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
2-cyano-n-((ethylamino)carbonyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamide 2-cyano-N-((ethylamino)carbonyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	2.31	1	0
sinomenine sinomenine: isolated from root of Sinomenium acutum; antirheumatic, antineuralgic	7.25	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	1.94	1	0	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.	5.96	35	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen	adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope
astatine Astatine: Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, and atomic number 85. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism because it emits ALPHA PARTICLES.	2.52	2	0	elemental astatine
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	3.92	12	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	9.62	105	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	11.27	106	4	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
phytochlorin phytochlorin: RN given refers to (2S-trans)-isomer; structure given in the first source	3.02	4	0
abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.	5.02	11	0	2-trans-abscisic acid
coomassie brilliant blue [no description available]	7.9	2	0
germanium Germanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63.	5.12	14	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	9.67	54	1	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	3.22	5	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
boron oxide boron oxide: RN given refers to B2O3	3.89	12	0	boron oxide
allylsilane allylsilane: structure in first source	2.74	3	0
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	3.85	3	0
clinoptilolite clinoptilolite: clinoptilolite was SY to zeolite (NM); use zeolites (NM) to search through 1993; RN is for cpd with unknown MF	7.43	2	0
boron-10 atom boron-10 atom : A stable isotope of boron with relative atomic mass 10.0129370, 19.9 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 3+.	6.04	17	0	boron atom
selenocyanic acid [no description available]	2.01	1	0	organic radical
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	4.9	1	1	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
triticonazole triticonazole: a fungicide triticonazole. triticonazole : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-triticonazole. A seed treatment fungicide for the control of common bunt, loose smut and covered smut on barley, oats and wheat.	7.31	1	0
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane: fluorescent probe for phospholipids; RN & structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
microcystin rr microcystin RR: structure given in first source; isolated cyanobacterium	2.05	1	0	microcystin; organic molecular entity	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
herboxidiene herboxidiene: structure in first source; isolated from Streptomyces chromofuscus; a potent and selective herbicide (e.g. inactive against wheat); up-regulates the gene expression of LDL receptor	2.1	1	0
amphidinolide c amphidinolide C: a potent cytotoxic 25-membered macrolide from marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp.; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
decarestrictine d decarestrictine D: from Penicillium; structure given in above journal p.66-73	2.05	1	0	oxacycle
beta-escin [no description available]	2.1	1	0
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	7.05	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)	2.69	3	0	gadolinium coordination entity	MRI contrast agent
morphinans Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.	2.25	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; morphinane alkaloid
fesoterodine fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder	2.6	1	0	diarylmethane
isoborneol isoborneol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.41	1	0	borneol
phenylalanylglycine phenylalanylglycine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Phe-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and glycine residues.	2.01	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
bacteriochlorin bacteriochlorin: structure in first source. bacteriochlorin : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that consists of two pyrrole and two reduced pyrrole units connected by methine linkages, where the two reduced pyrroles are located diagonally opposite one another.	2.11	1	0
formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.	2.08	1	0
basic yellow 28 basic yellow 28: a textile dye compound	7.05	1	0
erogorgiaene erogorgiaene: from the West Indian gorgonian octocoral, Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
ipamorelin [no description available]	2.17	1	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	3.83	10	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).	4.9	1	1	dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester	Escherichia coli metabolite
zd 6126 [no description available]	2.02	1	0
tetrafibricin tetrafibricin: closely related to polyene macrolide antibiotics; from Streptomyces neyagawaensis; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
thiocolchicoside thiocolchicoside: used in combination with glafenine and meprobamate to tranquilize patients undergoing hysterosalpingography; structure	4.9	1	1	glycoside
secoisolariciresinol diglucoside secoisolariciresinol diglucoside: major precursor of mammalian lignans; structure given in first source; RN given refers to B-D-GLUCO isomer	2.17	1	0
rucaparib AG14447: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor; structure in first source	4.9	1	1	azepinoindole; caprolactams; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
zeolites [no description available]	8.58	8	0
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	3.45	7	0
phosphoramidite phosphoramidite: structure in first source. phosphoramidite : A compound with the general formula (RO)2PNR2. Phosphoramidites can be regarded as phosphites that have an NR2 instead of an OH group, or as amides of phosphorous acid.	2.5	2	0
2-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid [no description available]	2	1	0
struvite Struvite: The mineral magnesium ammonium phosphate with the formula NH4MgPO4. It is associated with urea-splitting organisms in a high magnesium, high phosphate, alkaline environment. Accumulation of crystallized struvite is found in the urinary tract as struvite CALCULI and as scale on sewage system equipment and wastewater pipes.	2.25	1	0	hydrate; phosphate mineral	fertilizer
artenimol artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu)	4.9	1	1
meridianin a meridianin A: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	5.04	2	1
belactosin c belactosin C: isolated from Streptomyces; structure in first source	7.05	1	0
ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.	3.84	3	0	D-ribose; ribopyranose
lactulose Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.	9.9	2	1
vibrioferrin vibrioferrin: structure in first source. vibrioferrin : A tricarboxylic acid that is citric acid in which the pro-R carboxy group has been esterified with the primary hydroxy group of 2-hydroxy-1-{(2S)-1-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-5-oxoproline. It is a siderophore isolated from bacteria closely associated or symbiotic with toxic, bloom-forming dinoflagellates.	2.44	2	0	carboxylic ester; N-acyl hemiaminal; pyrrolidin-2-ones; tertiary alcohol; tricarboxylic acid	marine metabolite; siderophore
sumanene sumanene: structure in first source	7.08	1	0
nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.	1.96	1	0	nystatins
petrobactin petrobactin: a photoreactive siderophore produced by the oil-degrading marine bacterium; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
tavaborole tavaborole: has antifungal activity; structure in first source. tavaborole : A member of the class of benzoxaboroles that is 1,3-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2,1-benzoxaborole substituted at position 5 by a fluoro group. A topical antifungal agent used for the treatment of onychomycosis (fungal infection of the toenails and fingernails).	4.39	4	1	benzoxaborole; organofluorine compound	antifungal agent; EC 6.1.1.4 (leucine--tRNA ligase) inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor
granite granite: crystalline rock of quartz, orthoclase, muscovite & biotite	1.97	1	0	triazolopyrimidines
alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)]-D-GlcpNAc Sialyl Lewis X Antigen: A sialylated version of Lewis X antigen expressed on cell surfaces. It is a ligand for SELECTINS.. alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)]-D-GlcpNAc : A branched amino tetrasaccharide consisting of a sialyl residue, linked (2->3) to a galactosyl residue that in turn is linked (1->4) to a glucosaminyl residue, which is also carrying a fucosyl residue at the 3-position.	2.05	1	0	amino tetrasaccharide; glucosamine oligosaccharide	epitope
corannulene corannulene: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	2.45	2	0
indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.	2.58	2	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.25	1	0
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	2.13	1	0
basic red 46 basic red 46: monoazoic dye used for acrylic textiles implicated in contact dermatitis	7.05	1	0
ethidium homodimer-1 [no description available]	1.99	1	0
diborane diborane: reduces heterocyclic cpds. diborane : Boranes containing only two B atoms, linked either directly by a B-B bond or via hydrogen bridging atoms.	8.19	6	0
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	2.92	4	0
homobrassinolide homobrassinolide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2alpha,3alpha,5alpha)-isomer)	7.06	1	0
lithium borate lithium borate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li2-B4O7; structure	2.46	2	0	borate salts
discodermolide discodermolide: a lactone-bearing polyhydroxylated alkatetraene from the marine sponge Discodermia dissoluta; microtubule-stabilizing agent like taxol	7.73	3	0
pyrromethene 567 pyrromethene 567: structure in first source	7.01	1	0
aflatoxin m1 Aflatoxin M1: A 4-hydroxylated metabolite of AFLATOXIN B1, one of the MYCOTOXINS from ASPERGILLUS tainted food. It is associated with LIVER damage and cancer resulting from its P450 activation to the epoxide which alkylates DNA. Toxicity depends on the balance of liver enzymes that activate it (CYTOCHROME P-450) and others that detoxify it (GLUTATHIONE S TRANSFERASE) (Pharmac Ther 50.443 1991). Primates & rat are sensitive while mouse and hamster are tolerant (Canc Res 29.236 1969).. aflatoxin M1 : A member of the class of aflatoxins that is aflatoxin B1 in which the hydrogen at position 9a is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.11	1	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; tertiary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mammalian metabolite
pentaborane [no description available]	3.95	14	0
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	11.17	10	1	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desmosine Desmosine: A rare amino acid found in elastin, formed by condensation of four molecules of lysine into a pyridinium ring.	1.95	1	0	aromatic amino acid
magnesium diboride magnesium boride: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF	2.41	2	0
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	3.59	8	0
gramicidin a Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.	1.98	1	0
thymosin beta(4) thymosin beta(4): biological active peptide present in thymosin fractions 5 & 5A; participates in the regulation, differentiation & function of thymus-derived lymphocytes & may also act directly or indirectly on macrophages & other cells involved in cell-mediated immunity	2.17	1	0
neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.	7.25	1	0
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	3.15	5	0
oligonucleotides [no description available]	3.15	5	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	7	13	1	glycoside
sodium borate borax: see also sodium borate. borax : A hydrate that is the decahydrate form of disodium tetraborate.	5.23	16	0
perovskite calcium titanate : A calcium salt with the formula CaTiO3, generally obtained in the form of the mineral perovskite.	2.57	2	0
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	3.09	5	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	4.62	24	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
3-(3-(4-((pyridin-2-yloxy)methyl)benzyl)isoxazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-amine APX001A: has antifungal activity; structure in first source	4.9	1	1
iriomoteolide-1a iriomoteolide-1a: from a benthic dinoflagellate amphidinium species; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	macrolide
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	4.9	1	1
1,2-azaborine 1,2-azaborine: structure in first source	2.8	3	0
alpha-amanitin Alpha-Amanitin: A cyclic octapeptide with a thioether bridge between the cystine and tryptophan. It inhibits RNA POLYMERASE II. Poisoning may require LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.. alpha-amanitin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide consisting of eight amino acid residues and containing a thioether bridge between a cysteine and a tryptophan residue. It is found in a number of poisonous mushrooms, including Amanita phalloides (the death cap), Galerina marginata, and and Conocybe filaris.	2.41	1	0
lithium borohydride [no description available]	2.05	1	0
4-borono-2-fluorophenylalanine 4-borono-2-fluorophenylalanine: used as a target cpd for boron neutron capture therapy; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer 18F-labeled cpd; RN for unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation not avail 3/92	4.51	5	1
chitosan [no description available]	4.19	14	0
9-borabicyclononane 9-borabicyclononane: an amino acid protecting group	2.06	1	0
potassium borohydride [no description available]	2.36	2	0
sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.	2.6	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison
methyl orange methyl orange: indictor of pH with strong acids & bases; also used as reagent to form ion pairs with, and thereby isolate, certain compounds from biological material; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search AZO COMPOUNDS (75-86); file maintained to Azo cpds	7.99	4	0
stearates Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid.	2.07	1	0
aplasmomycin aplasmomycin: from Streptomyces griseus isolated from shallow sea sediment in Sagami Bay; natural ionophore; RN give refers to Na salt; structure	6.95	1	0	boron oxoanion; macrolide antibiotic
methyl jasmonate [no description available]	7.06	1	0
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.	3.8	3	0	organic cation; sulfonium compound	coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene [no description available]	7.76	58	0	BODIPY compound
aniline blue aniline blue: fluorochrom widely used by botanists	2.04	1	0
mannans [no description available]	5.37	3	1
ixazomib ixazomib: a proteasome inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; MLN2238 is the biologically active form of MLN9708; structure in first source. ixazomib : A glycine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)glycine with the amino group of [(1R)-1-amino-3-methylbutyl]boronic acid. The active metabolite of ixazomib citrate, it is used in combination therapy for treatment of multiple myeloma.	7.41	1	0	benzamides; boronic acids; dichlorobenzene; glycine derivative	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite; orphan drug; proteasome inhibitor
nitrogenase Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.	2.05	1	0
urushiol [no description available]	2.01	1	0
emepronium bromide alunite: a hydrated sulphate of aluminium and potassium; a mineral in jarosite group not soluble in water in its original form	2.05	1	0
glycolipids [no description available]	7.89	3	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.71	3	0
thymosin Thymosin: Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biological activities include lymphocytopoiesis, restoration of immunological competence and enhancement of expression of T-cell characteristics and function. They have therapeutic potential in patients having primary or secondary immunodeficiency diseases, cancer or diseases related to aging.	7.63	2	0
fructose-1,6-diphosphate fructose-1,6-diphosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer	1.93	1	0
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	1.94	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	6.91	21	1	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	5.79	6	1
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	3.01	2	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	3.08	5	0	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
piroxicam [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.93	4	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
demeclocycline Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.	7.31	1	0
citrinin Citrinin: Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum.	7.31	1	0
teriflunomide [no description available]	4.9	1	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic amide; enamide; enol; nitrile; secondary carboxamide	drug metabolite; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lornoxicam lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.	2.05	1	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
aflastatin a aflastatin A: inhibitor of aflatoxin production by aflatoxigenic fungi; from Streptomyces sp.; structure given in first source	2.41	1	0
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	2.69	3	0
kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.	2.11	1	0	aluminosilicate mineral; mixture	antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	3.43	7	0
bismuth oxybromide bismuth oxybromide: bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) nanoplate microspheres were used to remove NO in indoor air under visible light irradiation	4.9	1	1
phytoestrogens Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.	4.98	2	1
chromated copper arsenate chromated copper arsenate: wood preservative; serves as substrate for trimethylarsine biosynthesis; RN given refers to (Cu(+2)[2:3] salt)	2.05	1	0
brine brine: not from seawater; contains sodium chloride; calcium chloride; magnesium chloride; one or all of the above	3.25	5	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	2.04	1	0
hirudin Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.	4.93	2	1
glutaminase [no description available]	1.94	1	0
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	1.94	1	0
calcium fructoborate calcium fructoborate: a boron-based nutritional supplement with antioxidant activity	8.56	2	0
phthalocyanine phthalocyanine : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that consists of four isoindole-type units, with the connecting carbon atoms in the macrocycle replaced by nitrogen.	3.32	6	0	phthalocyanines; tetrapyrrole fundamental parent
tetraphenylporphine tetraphenylporphyrin: structure in first source	2.01	1	0
boromycin boromycin : A boron-containing macrolide antibiotic that is isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus.	7.66	3	0	macrodiolide; macrolide antibiotic; organoboron compound; oxaspiro compound; zwitterion	anti-HIV agent; antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	3.32	6	0
bassianolide bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170.	2	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide; cyclooctadepsipeptide	antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite; insecticide
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	1.99	1	0
gibberellins [no description available]	3.02	4	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	2.63	2	0
dodecaborate dodecaborate: RN given for disodium salt; structure in first source	3.65	8	0
flavin mononucleotide Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.	1.94	1	0
2-methylisoborneol 2-methylisoborneol: structure. 2-methylisoborneol : An bornane monoterpenoid comprising isoborneol carrying a 2-methyl substituent (the 1R,2R,4R-diastereomer).	2.15	1	0
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	7.41	1	0
ettringite ettringite: synthesis of ettringite from acid wastewaters of the aluminium anodising industry is a possible route of reducing the emissions to the environment, recovering at the same time resource materials as a useful marketable mineral	2.42	2	0
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	2.21	1	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	3.19	5	0
rhamnogalacturonan i rhamnogalacturonan I: pectic polysaccharide from sycamore cell walls; composed of galactosyluronic acid, rhamnosyl, galactosyl, arabinosyl & fucosyl residues. rhamnogalacturonan I : A family of polysaccharides that all contain a linear backbone composed of repeating units of the disaccharide alpha-D-GalpA-(l->2)-alpha-L-Rhap joined by alpha-(1->4) linkages.	3.15	1	0
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	3.1	1	0
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	7.41	2	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd.. 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	2.05	1	0	deoxyguanosine phosphate; guanyl deoxyribonucleotide; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanine [no description available]	3	4	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	2.02	1	0	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	8.04	4	0	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	3.51	7	0
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.25	1	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2.88	3	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
cytarabine Guanosine Diphosphate Fucose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar formed from GDPmannose, which provides fucose for lipopolysaccharides of bacterial cell walls, and for blood group substances and other glycoproteins.	2	1	0	GDP-fucose
sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.	2.06	1	0	citrate salt	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
vardenafil dihydrochloride Vardenafil Dihydrochloride: A piperazine derivative, PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 INHIBITOR and VASODILATOR AGENT that is used as a UROLOGICAL AGENT in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.	2.06	1	0
direct yellow 4 dye Direct Yellow 4 dye: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.25	1	0
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	2.25	1	0	guanosines	biomarker
2-naphthol orange 2-naphthol orange: structure; see also record for C.I. Solvent Orange 2	2.47	2	0
acid orange 12 acid orange 12: structure	2.1	1	0
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	2.1	1	0	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
maltodextrin maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.	2.21	1	0
trypsinogen Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.36	2	0
vermiculite [no description available]	7.15	1	0
dinitrobenzenes Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.	3.49	2	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	7.47	2	0
spirastrellolide a spirastrellolide A: an antimitotic macrolide isolated from the Caribbean marine sponge Spirastrella coccinea; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	3.54	2	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	7.41	1	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	5.79	4	2
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	8.02	5	4
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	8.02	5	4
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	5.79	4	2
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	14.71	167	10
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	9.7	69	1
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	14.71	167	10
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	9.7	69	1
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	7.67	25	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	4.81	31	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	3.58	3	0
Central Nervous System Neoplasm [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	8.58	3	0
Central Nervous System Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.	2.31	1	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	7.19	12	3
Dermatitis, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	4.58	2	2
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	7.19	12	3
Radiodermatitis A cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.	4.58	2	2
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	7.04	28	1
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	2.41	1	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	4.68	9	0
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	2.41	1	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	3.84	11	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	3.84	11	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	3.65	3	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	2.82	2	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	2.82	2	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	7.41	1	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	8.74	9	5
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	13.3	38	2
Weight Reduction [description not available]	3.33	1	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	3.33	1	0
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	2.76	2	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	4.73	6	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	4.73	6	0
EBV Infections [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).	2.41	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	11.5	151	1
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	16.5	151	1
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	2.41	1	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	4.69	4	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	3.37	4	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	3.37	4	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	9.69	4	0
Autism Spectrum Disorder Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)	3.33	1	0
Infection, Wound [description not available]	3.51	5	0
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	3.52	1	0
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	3.52	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	3.87	10	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	6.74	19	3
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	3.87	10	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	6.74	19	3
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	5.12	2	1
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	5.12	2	1
Anoxemia [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	2.41	1	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	4.04	14	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	3.58	8	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	4.04	14	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	3.58	8	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	11.44	56	8
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	11.44	56	8
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	2.41	1	0
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.	4.02	2	1
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.	2.41	1	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	10.37	45	6
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	10.37	45	6
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [description not available]	5.12	2	1
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	5.46	3	1
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer.	5.12	2	1
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	5.46	3	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	12.28	31	16
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	12.28	31	16
Ureteral Calculi Stones in the URETER that are formed in the KIDNEY. They are rarely more than 5 mm in diameter for larger renal stones cannot enter ureters. They are often lodged at the ureteral narrowing and can cause excruciating renal colic.	3.99	1	1
Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.	3.97	2	1
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	5.39	4	1
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	5.39	4	1
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available]	3.34	2	0
Angioblastic Meningioma [description not available]	4.01	5	0
Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.	3.34	2	0
Meningioma A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)	4.01	5	0
Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.	2.59	2	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	3.12	5	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	3.12	5	0
Mucositis An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).	2.6	1	0
Bacterial Vaginitides [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Vaginosis, Bacterial Polymicrobial, nonspecific vaginitis associated with positive cultures of Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic organisms and a decrease in lactobacilli. It remains unclear whether the initial pathogenic event is caused by the growth of anaerobes or a primary decrease in lactobacilli.	2.6	1	0
Diabetic Feet [description not available]	3.99	1	1
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	4.31	3	1
Diabetic Foot Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.	8.99	1	1
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	7.6	1	0
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	2.6	1	0
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome [description not available]	8.52	1	0
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	3.52	1	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	3.52	1	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	3.52	1	0
Complex Regional Pain Syndromes Conditions characterized by pain involving an extremity or other body region, HYPERESTHESIA, and localized autonomic dysfunction following injury to soft tissue or nerve. The pain is usually associated with ERYTHEMA; SKIN TEMPERATURE changes, abnormal sudomotor activity (i.e., changes in sweating due to altered sympathetic innervation) or edema. The degree of pain and other manifestations is out of proportion to that expected from the inciting event. Two subtypes of this condition have been described: type I; (REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY) and type II; (CAUSALGIA). (From Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33)	3.52	1	0
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	2.21	1	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	4.87	13	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	3.98	4	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	8.18	58	1
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	3.83	11	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	3.83	11	0
Elaeophoriasis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Filariasis Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.	2.25	1	0
Stretch Marks [description not available]	7.31	1	0
Striae Distensae Linear dermal scars accompanied by epidermal atrophy that affects skin that is subjected to continuous stretching. They usually do not cause any significant medical problems, only cosmetic problems.	2.31	1	0
Avian Flu [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Grippe [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Influenza in Birds Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.	2.52	2	0
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	2.25	1	0
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	8	37	1
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	5.37	22	0
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	2.31	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	3.3	6	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	3.3	6	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	2.89	3	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	2.54	2	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Chronic Illness [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Cardiac Death [description not available]	4.78	2	1
Diathesis [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	7.84	4	4
Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available]	7.84	4	4
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	5.02	2	1
Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Peripheral Arterial Diseases [description not available]	4.99	2	1
Co-infection [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Allergic Rhinitis [description not available]	4.72	1	1
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	5.26	4	1
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	5.26	4	1
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	7.84	4	4
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	7.84	4	4
Catarrh Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous in humans or animals. Catarrh is used mostly in a historical context.	4.72	1	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.	4.72	1	1
E coli Infections [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	4.7	2	1
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	4.72	1	1
Berger Disease [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	5.5	3	1
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available]	4.72	1	1
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	4.74	2	1
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	6.45	5	2
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	7.88	6	4
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	6	4	1
Shock, Cardiogenic Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease.	4.72	1	1
Sinus Infections [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	7.86	6	4
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	5.09	3	1
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	6.4	5	3
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	10.03	9	9
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	4.87	2	1
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Low Back Ache [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	8.11	7	4
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	4.75	2	1
Bucket Handle Tears [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)	4.72	1	1
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	5.26	4	1
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	7.84	4	4
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	4.72	1	1
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).	4.72	1	1
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	6.93	6	2
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	7.84	4	4
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	4.72	1	1
Common Cold A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.	4.72	1	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	4.72	1	1
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.	4.72	1	1
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	4.72	1	1
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	4.7	2	1
Glomerulonephritis, IGA A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.	4.72	1	1
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	4.72	1	1
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	4.72	1	1
Intermittent Claudication A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.	4.72	1	1
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	5.5	3	1
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	4.72	1	1
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	4.72	1	1
Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.	4.72	1	1
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	9.74	2	1
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	5	3	1
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	6.45	5	2
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	7.84	4	4
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	7.88	6	4
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	4.72	2	1
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	6	4	1
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	4.72	1	1
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	7.86	6	4
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	5.09	3	1
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	6.4	5	3
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	10.03	9	9
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	4.72	1	1
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	4.87	2	1
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.	4.72	1	1
Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.	4.72	1	1
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	4.72	1	1
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	7.84	4	4
Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	7.84	4	4
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	4.72	1	1
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)	4.72	1	1
Sarcopenia Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.	4.72	1	1
Peripheral Arterial Disease Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.	4.99	2	1
Acute Pain Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.	4.87	2	1
Rhinitis, Allergic An inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA triggered by ALLERGENS.	4.72	1	1
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome, Hereditary [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	7.55	15	4
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	7.55	15	4
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	3.27	5	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	2.25	1	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	2.25	1	0
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	2.25	1	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	7.25	1	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	3.1	5	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	3.1	5	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	2.25	1	0
Hyperthermia An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of inability to regulate core body temperature due to non-pathologic factors.	7.25	1	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	6.28	7	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	11.28	7	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	4.74	11	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	4.74	11	0
Cryptosporidium Infection [description not available]	3.23	1	0
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	3.23	1	0
Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available]	3.23	1	0
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	3.23	1	0
Nail Fungus [description not available]	5.36	4	1
Infection, Toxoplasma gondii [description not available]	3.23	1	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	3.29	2	0
Cryptosporidiosis Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.	3.23	1	0
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	3.23	1	0
Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).	3.23	1	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	3.23	1	0
Onychomycosis A fungal infection of the nail, usually caused by DERMATOPHYTES; YEASTS; or nondermatophyte MOLDS.	5.36	4	1
Toxoplasmosis The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.	3.23	1	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	3.29	2	0
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	2.49	2	0
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	2.15	1	0
Endemic Goiter [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.	2.15	1	0
Infections, Listeria [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Adverse Effects, Long Term [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Scoliosis An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.17	1	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	3.23	6	0
Nephrolithiasis Formation of stones in the KIDNEY.	7.54	2	0
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	7.85	3	0
Malnourishment [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.	2.17	1	0
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available]	4.33	4	0
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.	4.33	4	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	2.65	3	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	2.21	1	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	2.21	1	0
Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.	2.42	2	0
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	2.43	2	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	2.17	1	0
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES.	2.21	1	0
Arsenic Encephalopathy [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	2.44	2	0
Bancroftian Elephantiasis [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Elephantiasis, Filarial Parasitic infestation of the human lymphatic system by WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI or BRUGIA MALAYI. It is also called lymphatic filariasis.	2.21	1	0
Onchocerciasis Infection with nematodes of the genus ONCHOCERCA. Characteristics include the presence of firm subcutaneous nodules filled with adult worms, PRURITUS, and ocular lesions.	7.21	1	0
Equine Diseases [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Pterygium An abnormal triangular fold of membrane in the interpalpebral fissure, extending from the conjunctiva to the cornea, being immovably united to the cornea at its apex, firmly attached to the sclera throughout its middle portion, and merged with the conjunctiva at its base. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.08	1	0
Polyploid [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine.	7.08	1	0
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	2.08	1	0
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).	2.08	1	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	3.83	4	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	8.83	4	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	2.67	3	0
Thoracic Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.	2.1	1	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Kidney Stones [description not available]	7.52	2	0
Ache [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.	2.52	2	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	7.1	1	0
Foot Dermatoses Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.	3.48	1	1
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	3.48	1	1
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	3.14	5	0
Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.	7.11	1	0
Demineralization, Tooth [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Menstruation, Painful [description not available]	3.5	1	1
Dysmenorrhea Painful menstruation.	8.5	1	1
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Neurilemoma [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Neurilemmoma A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)	2.52	2	0
Genome Instability [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.13	1	0
Bacillus anthracis Infection [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Anthrax An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.	2.13	1	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.	2.13	1	0
Femoral Fractures Fractures of the femur.	2.15	1	0
Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	2.38	2	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	2.5	2	0
Tooth Fractures Break or rupture of a tooth or tooth root.	2.15	1	0
B-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia [description not available]	2.13	1	0
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.	2.13	1	0
Leukemia, Prolymphocytic, B-Cell A neoplasm of prolymphocytes affecting the blood, bone marrow, and spleen. It is characterized by prolymphocytes exceeding 55% of the lymphoid cells in the blood and profound splenomegaly.	2.13	1	0
Pigmentary Retinopathy [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Retinitis Pigmentosa Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina.	2.13	1	0
Tetraploid [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Disseminated Fusariosis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Fusariosis OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS with the soil fungus FUSARIUM. Typically the infection is limited to the nail plate (ONYCHOMYCOSIS). The infection can however become systemic especially in an IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST (e.g., NEUTROPENIA) and results in cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, fever, KERATITIS, and pulmonary infections.	2.13	1	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.15	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	2.15	1	0
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	2.69	3	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	4.88	4	2
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	3.22	6	0
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	3.22	6	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	4.64	6	1
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	4.64	6	1
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Dental Enamel Hypoplasia An acquired or hereditary condition due to deficiency in the formation of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS). It is usually characterized by defective, thin, or malformed DENTAL ENAMEL. Risk factors for enamel hypoplasia include gene mutations, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and environmental factors.	2.05	1	0
Deficiency Diseases A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	5.28	9	0
Deficiency, Vitamin B [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Vitamin B Deficiency A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.	2.05	1	0
Anasarca [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	2.05	1	0
Acute-Phase Reaction An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.	3.45	1	1
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis A herpesvirus infection of CATTLE characterized by INFLAMMATION and NECROSIS of the mucous membranes of the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	3.45	1	1
Lung Adenocarcinoma [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Adenocarcinoma of Lung A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.	2.06	1	0
Leishmania Infection [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).	2.06	1	0
Sterility, Male [description not available]	3.57	3	0
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	3.57	3	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	2.06	1	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	4.15	6	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.	2.06	1	0
Urinary Lithiasis [description not available]	3.46	1	1
Urolithiasis Formation of stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT, usually in the KIDNEY; URINARY BLADDER; or the URETER.	8.46	1	1
Orthopedic Disorders [description not available]	2.96	1	0
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	2.96	1	0
Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.	3.6	3	0
Musculoskeletal Diseases Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively.	2.96	1	0
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	2.96	1	0
Vaginitis Inflammation of the vagina characterized by pain and a purulent discharge.	3.55	3	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	3.61	3	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.61	3	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	2.39	2	0
Aura [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	2.36	2	0
Diastema An abnormal opening or fissure between two adjacent teeth.	2.07	1	0
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Cancer of Pituitary [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	7.71	3	0
Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.	2.42	2	0
Chromosomal Breakage [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Poisoning, Fluoride [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Fluoride Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of FLUORIDE compounds.	2.38	2	0
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	3.47	8	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	2.69	3	0
Caries, Dental [description not available]	3.55	9	0
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	3.55	9	0
Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.	3.55	3	0
Leukorrhea A clear or white discharge from the VAGINA, consisting mainly of MUCUS.	1.93	1	0
Prolapse The protrusion of an organ or part of an organ into a natural or artificial orifice.	1.93	1	0
Endometrial Diseases [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.	1.93	1	0
Uterine Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.	1.93	1	0
Vulvovaginitis Inflammation of the VULVA and the VAGINA, characterized by discharge, burning, and PRURITUS.	1.93	1	0
Infections, Trichomonas [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Trichomoniasis, Human [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Trichomonas Infections Infections in birds and mammals produced by various species of Trichomonas.	1.93	1	0
Trichomonas Vaginitis Inflammation of the vagina, marked by a purulent discharge. This disease is caused by the protozoan TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS.	1.93	1	0
Vaginal Diseases Pathological processes of the VAGINA.	1.93	1	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	3.66	10	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	3.35	7	0
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	4.13	6	0
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Nail Diseases Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates.	1.93	1	0
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	2.34	2	0
Mycosis Fungoides A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected.	1.93	1	0
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	1.93	1	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	1.93	1	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	1.93	1	0
Poisoning, Lead [description not available]	3.55	3	0
Poisoning, Mercury [description not available]	3.79	4	0
Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.	3.55	3	0
Mercury Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS.	3.79	4	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	3.2	6	0
Action Tremor [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	3.2	6	0
Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.	2.34	2	0
Reproductive Sterility [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Infertility A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.	2.66	3	0
Focal Neurologic Deficits [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Blood Protein Disorders Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS.	1.94	1	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	2.36	2	0
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	2.41	2	0
Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available]	4.15	6	0
Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)	4.15	6	0
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	4.45	5	1
Glioblastoma with Sarcomatous Component [description not available]	3.25	6	0
Gliosarcoma Rare mixed tumors of the brain and rarely the spinal cord which contain malignant neuroectodermal (glial) and mesenchymal components, including spindle-shaped fibrosarcoma cells. These tumors are highly aggressive and present primarily in adults as rapidly expanding mass lesions. They may arise in tissue that has been previously irradiated. (From Br J Neurosurg 1995 Apr;9(2):171-8)	8.25	6	0
Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.	2.01	1	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	1.92	1	0
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.	2.42	2	0
Avitaminosis A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.02	1	0
Carcinoma 256, Walker A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.37	2	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Ganglioglioma Rare indolent tumors comprised of neoplastic glial and neuronal cells which occur primarily in children and young adults. Benign lesions tend to be associated with long survival unless the tumor degenerates into a histologically malignant form. They tend to occur in the optic nerve and white matter of the brain and spinal cord.	3.4	1	1
Schwartzman Phenomenon [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Deficiency, Magnesium [description not available]	5.39	5	1
Magnesium Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)	10.39	5	1
Bladder Calculi [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Cystinuria An inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of CYSTINE and other BASIC AMINO ACIDS by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This form of aminoaciduria is characterized by the abnormally high urinary levels of cystine; LYSINE; ARGININE; and ORNITHINE. Mutations involve the amino acid transport protein gene SLC3A1.	2.02	1	0
Cancer of Paranasal Sinus [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	2.02	1	0
Acute Hepatic Failure [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Liver Failure, Acute A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.	2.03	1	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	2.44	2	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	2.41	2	0
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Cervix Dysplasia [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Uterine Cervical Dysplasia Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE.	2.03	1	0
Infections, Nematode [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Prosthesis Durability [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	2.04	1	0
Cancer of Nose [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Bone Fractures [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Radius Fractures Fractures of the RADIUS.	2.42	2	0
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	2.41	2	0
Plica Syndrome [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Synovitis Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.	2.04	1	0
Anaplastic Ependymoma [description not available]	4.47	9	0
Ependymoma Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)	4.47	9	0
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	1.94	1	0
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	1.94	1	0
Infectious Endophthalmitis Infectious condition of the internal eye.	1.96	1	0
Endophthalmitis Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection.	1.96	1	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	3.28	2	0
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	3.56	3	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	3.28	2	0
Addison's Anemia [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Candidiasis, Genital [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal Infection of the VULVA and VAGINA with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA.	1.96	1	0
Myelopathy [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Spinal Cord Diseases Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.	1.98	1	0
Cancer of Eye [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Mushroom Poisoning Poisoning from ingestion of mushrooms, primarily from, but not restricted to, toxic varieties.	1.98	1	0
Angle's Classification [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Malocclusion Such malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth as to interfere with the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)	2.39	2	0
Blood Clot [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	1.99	1	0
Craniofacial Pain [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Lassitude [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Apnea, Sleep [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Facial Pain Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.	1.99	1	0
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	1.99	1	0
Sleep Apnea Syndromes Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.	1.99	1	0
Snoring Rough, noisy breathing during sleep, due to vibration of the uvula and soft palate.	1.99	1	0
Soft Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.	1.99	1	0
Segond Fracture [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA.	1.99	1	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Food Poisoning [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Congenital Limb Deformities [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Abnormalities, Congenital [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Abortion, Tubal [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	1.99	1	0
Abortion, Spontaneous Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.	1.99	1	0
Teeth, Impacted [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Teeth, Unerupted [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Dental Fluoroses [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Fluorosis, Dental A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)	2.38	2	0
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	3.84	1	0
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	3.84	1	0
Melanoma, Amelanotic An unpigmented malignant melanoma. It is an anaplastic melanoma consisting of cells derived from melanoblasts but not forming melanin. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	2.01	1	0
Tooth Eruption, Ectopic An abnormality in the direction of a TOOTH ERUPTION.	2	1	0
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)	2.35	2	0
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	1.95	1	0
Dermatomycoses Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.	1.95	1	0
Cerebral Palsy, Athetoid [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Cerebral Palsy A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7)	1.95	1	0
Chondrodystrophic Myotonia [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Rachitis [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	1.98	1	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	1.98	1	0
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians [description not available]	2.89	1	0
Manganese Poisoning Manganese poisoning is associated with chronic inhalation of manganese particles by individuals who work with manganese ore. Clinical features include CONFUSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and an extrapyramidal syndrome (PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) that includes rigidity; DYSTONIA; retropulsion; and TREMOR. (Adams, Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1213)	2.89	1	0
Hypocalcemia Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.97	1	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	1.97	1	0
Genital Diseases, Male Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Testis [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Bilateral Wilms Tumor [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	2.37	2	0
Wilms Tumor A malignant kidney tumor, caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of renal stem (blastemal), stromal (STROMAL CELLS), and epithelial (EPITHELIAL CELLS) elements. However, not all three are present in every case. Several genes or chromosomal areas have been associated with Wilms tumor which is usually found in childhood as a firm lump in a child's side or ABDOMEN.	1.97	1	0
Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.	6.97	1	0
Alopecia Circumscripta [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Alopecia Areata Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas.	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	1.96	1	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Granulomas [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Great Pox [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Penile Diseases Pathological processes involving the PENIS or its component tissues.	1.96	1	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	1.96	1	0
Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.	1.96	1	0
Syphilis A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.	1.96	1	0
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	1.95	1	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	1.95	1	0
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms [description not available]	2.86	1	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	3.26	2	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)	2.86	1	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	2.86	1	0
Familial Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.	1.94	1	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	1.94	1	0
Bagassosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhaled dust from processing SUGARCANE (bagasse), usually in the manufacturing of wallboard.	1.94	1	0
Pneumoconiosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population.	1.94	1	0
Diaper Rashes [description not available]	3.33	1	1
Diaper Rash A type of irritant dermatitis localized to the area in contact with a diaper and occurring most often as a reaction to prolonged contact with urine, feces, or retained soap or detergent.	3.33	1	1
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	1.94	1	0
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	1.94	1	0
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	1.94	1	0

boron

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (143)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (172 Product(s))

Product Categories

Products

Roles (1)

Drug Classes (3)

Research

Studies (4,449)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 92.75

Study Types

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

boron

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (143)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (172 Product(s))

Product Categories

Products

Roles (1)

Drug Classes (3)

Research

Studies (4,449)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 92.75

Study Types

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Related Drugs (1,147)

Related Conditions (574)