fingolimod hydrochloride profile

Fingolimod hydrochloride, also known as FTY720, is an immunosuppressant drug used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). It is a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, specifically targeting S1P1 receptors. Fingolimod hydrochloride acts by preventing lymphocytes from leaving lymph nodes, thus reducing inflammation in the central nervous system. It is synthesized through a multi-step process starting from the natural product myriocin. Fingolimod hydrochloride was initially investigated for its potential to prevent organ transplant rejection, but its efficacy in reducing relapses and slowing disease progression in MS led to its approval for treatment. Ongoing research aims to explore its applications in other autoimmune diseases and to optimize its delivery and dosage for improved patient outcomes.'

Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod). [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	107969
CHEMBL ID	544665
CHEBI ID	63112
SCHEMBL ID	81362
MeSH ID	M0259274

Synonym
AC-1929
fingolimod (hydrochloride)
HY-12005
fingolimod hydrochloride
fty-720
tdi-132
gilenia
gilenya
fty-720a
imusera
fingolimod hydrochloride (jan/usan)
gilenya (tn)
D04187
162359-56-0
1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-(2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl)-, hydrochloride
2-amino-2-(2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl)-1,3-propanediol hydrochloride
fty 720
fingolimod hydrochloride [usan]
fty720 ,
fingolimod hcl
chebi:63112 ,
CHEMBL544665
fty-720 hydrochloride
fingolimod hydrochlorid
fty720 hydrochloride
fingolimod (as hydrochloride)
AKOS005145784
EC-000.2314
2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]propane-1,3-diol hydrochloride
A25158
2-(4-octylphenethyl)-2-aminopropane-1,3-diol hydrochloride
FTY720 - FINGOLIMOD
2-amino-2-[2-(4-octyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-propane -1,3-diol hydrochloride
2-amino-2-(2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl)propane-1,3-diol hydrochloride
2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol hydrochloride
BCP9000705
FT-0643569
g926ec510t ,
unii-g926ec510t
BCPP000225
fty720,fingolimod
EPITOPE ID:156573
AM84549
CS-0114
S5002
fty720-d4 hydrochloride
fingolimod hydrochloride [who-dd]
fingolimod hydrochloride [ep monograph]
fingolimod hydrochloride [mi]
fingolimod hydrochloride [jan]
fingolimod hydrochloride [usp monograph]
fingolimod hydrochloride [orange book]
fingolimod hydrochloride [usp-rs]
SCHEMBL81362
smr004701287
MLS006010179
KS-1172
SWZTYAVBMYWFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]-1,3-propanediol hydrochloride
2-amino-2-(4-octylphenethyl)propane-1,3-diol hydrochloride
mfcd00939512
2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)-ethyl]-1,3-propanediol hydrochloride
fingolimod (fty720) hcl
2-amino-2-[2-(4-octyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-propane-1,3-diol hydrochloride
Q-101363
1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]-, hydrochloride
F1018
2-amino-2-[2-(4-n-octylphenyl)ethyl]propane-1,3-diol hydrochloride
2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]-1,3-propanediol, hydrochloride
DTXSID00167364 ,
2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]propane-1,3-diol;hydrochloride
EX-A960
fingolimod hclfty-720
fingolimod, hcl
SW219384-1
fty720 free base
Q27132395
SR-01000942237-2
sr-01000942237
BCP01808
[1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-2-yl]azanium;chloride
CCG-265016
1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]-, hydrochloride (1:1)
SY057854
fingolimodhydrochloride
BF164458
fingolimod hydrochloride- bio-x
fingolimod hydrochloride (ep monograph)
dtxcid5089855
2-amino-2-(2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl)propan-1,3-diol hydrochloride
fingolimod hydrochloride (usp-rs)
fingolimod hydrochloride (usp monograph)
2-amino-2-(2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl)-1,3-propanediol hydrochloride
2-amino-2-(2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl)propane-1,3-diol monohydrochloride

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Fingolimod hydrochloride is an effective immunomodulatory drug in improving relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). "	( Fingolimod-improved axonal and myelin integrity of white matter tracts associated with multiple sclerosis-related functional impairments. Achiron, A; Gurevich, M; Stone, E; Waknin, R, 2018)	1.92

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" After completion of study drug administration, the patients were monitored until day 56 by serial laboratory tests, clinical examinations, and recording of adverse events."	( Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and safety of multiple doses of FTY720 in stable renal transplant patients: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase I study. Chodoff, L; Ferguson, RM; Gonwa, TA; Kahan, BD; Karlix, JL; Leichtman, AB; Mulgaonkar, S; Schmouder, RL; Skerjanec, A, 2003)	0.32
" Compared with placebo-treated patients, FTY720 subjects did not show a major increase in adverse events or a change in renal function."	( Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and safety of multiple doses of FTY720 in stable renal transplant patients: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase I study. Chodoff, L; Ferguson, RM; Gonwa, TA; Kahan, BD; Karlix, JL; Leichtman, AB; Mulgaonkar, S; Schmouder, RL; Skerjanec, A, 2003)	0.32
" In clinical trials, fingolimod was generally safe and well tolerated."	( Mechanisms of fingolimod's efficacy and adverse effects in multiple sclerosis. Chun, J; Cohen, JA, 2011)	0.37
" Several screening studies and a first-dose observation (FDO) period are recommended due to adverse effects observed in clinical trials."	( Early tolerability and safety of fingolimod in clinical practice. Bermel, RA; Cohen, JA; Hara-Cleaver, C; Ontaneda, D; Rudick, RA, 2012)	0.38
" Adverse events during FDO were self limited and included symptomatic bradycardia (n=3), chest tightness (n=2) and hypertension (n=1)."	( Early tolerability and safety of fingolimod in clinical practice. Bermel, RA; Cohen, JA; Hara-Cleaver, C; Ontaneda, D; Rudick, RA, 2012)	0.38
"Fingolimod was well tolerated during FDO and adverse events were self limited."	( Early tolerability and safety of fingolimod in clinical practice. Bermel, RA; Cohen, JA; Hara-Cleaver, C; Ontaneda, D; Rudick, RA, 2012)	0.38
" Safety and tolerability of fingolimod were evaluated by adverse events monitoring, laboratory tests, and ophthalmological and skin assessment."	( Evaluation of efficacy, safety and tolerability of fingolimod in patients with the relapsing form of multiple sclerosis - 12-month observation. A preliminary report. Maciejek, Z; Niezgodzińska-Maciejek, A; Wawrzyniak, S; Wójcik-Drączkowska, H, )	0.13
" During fingolimod treatment there was no new relapse in any patient and no patient stopped the treatment because of any adverse event."	( Evaluation of efficacy, safety and tolerability of fingolimod in patients with the relapsing form of multiple sclerosis - 12-month observation. A preliminary report. Maciejek, Z; Niezgodzińska-Maciejek, A; Wawrzyniak, S; Wójcik-Drączkowska, H, )	0.13
"In our study patients fingolimod was effective, safe and well tolerated independently of disease activity and previous treatment."	( Evaluation of efficacy, safety and tolerability of fingolimod in patients with the relapsing form of multiple sclerosis - 12-month observation. A preliminary report. Maciejek, Z; Niezgodzińska-Maciejek, A; Wawrzyniak, S; Wójcik-Drączkowska, H, )	0.13
" Fingolimod 0·5 mg caused more of the following adverse events versus placebo: lymphopenia (27 [8%] patients vs 0 patients), increased alanine aminotransferase (29 [8%] vs six [2%]), herpes zoster infection (nine [3%] vs three [1%]), hypertension (32 [9%] vs 11 [3%]), first-dose bradycardia (five [1%] vs one [<0·5%]), and first-degree atrioventricular block (17 [5%] vs seven [2%])."	( Safety and efficacy of fingolimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (FREEDOMS II): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Agius, MA; Calabresi, PA; Cappiello, L; Goodin, D; Jeffery, D; Kappos, L; Li, B; Lublin, FD; Radue, EW; Rammohan, KW; Reder, AT; Stites, T; Vollmer, T; von Rosenstiel, P, 2014)	0.4
"2%) did not experience any adverse event (AE) following fingolimod administration."	( Safety of the first dose of fingolimod for multiple sclerosis: results of an open-label clinical trial. Brogi, D; Comi, G; Guidi, L; Laroni, A; Lugaresi, A; Mancardi, GL; Morra, VB; Pozzilli, C; Raimondi, D; Turrini, R; Uccelli, A, 2014)	0.4
"These results, in a population who better resembled real-world clinical practice in terms of concomitant diseases and medications, are consistent with previous clinical trials and confirmed that the first dose administration of fingolimod is generally safe and well tolerated."	( Safety of the first dose of fingolimod for multiple sclerosis: results of an open-label clinical trial. Brogi, D; Comi, G; Guidi, L; Laroni, A; Lugaresi, A; Mancardi, GL; Morra, VB; Pozzilli, C; Raimondi, D; Turrini, R; Uccelli, A, 2014)	0.4
" Frequent adverse effects include fatigue, gastrointestinal disturbance, headache and upper respiratory tract infection."	( Overview and safety of fingolimod hydrochloride use in patients with multiple sclerosis. Goldman, MD; Jones, DE; Ward, MD, 2014)	0.71
" To preclude OSU-2S-mediated effects on these ubiquitous phosphatases in unintended cells and avoid potential adverse effects, we developed an OSU-2S-targeted delivery of immunonanoparticles (2A2-OSU-2S-ILP), that mediated selective cytotoxicity of CLL but not normal B cells through targeting receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 expressed in leukemic but not normal B cells."	( Tumor antigen ROR1 targeted drug delivery mediated selective leukemic but not normal B-cell cytotoxicity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Andritsos, L; Baskar, S; Byrd, JC; Chen, CS; Chiang, CL; Flynn, J; Frissora, FW; Jones, J; Lee, LJ; Lee, RJ; Mani, R; Mao, Y; Mo, X; Muthusamy, N; Phelps, MA; Rader, C; Wang, J; Wu, Y; Yan, R; Yu, B; Yu, L; Zhao, Y, 2015)	0.42
" Safety assessments included the incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of fingolimod in Hispanic patients with multiple sclerosis: pooled clinical trial analyses. Chinea Martinez, AR; Correale, J; Coyle, PK; Meng, X; Tenenbaum, N, 2014)	0.4
" The risks associated with the use of fingolimod include cardiovascular adverse events (AEs)."	( Long-term cardiac safety and tolerability of fingolimod in multiple sclerosis: A postmarketing study. D'Onghia, M; Direnzo, V; Manni, A; Paolicelli, D; Tortorella, C; Trojano, M; Zoccolella, S, 2015)	0.42
" Safety and tolerability assessments were based on adverse events, clinically notable laboratory abnormalities, vital signs, ophthalmic examinations, and electrocardiograms."	( Safety and Tolerability of Fingolimod in Latin American Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: The Open-Label FIRST LATAM Study. Alvarenga, R; Cruz, A; Frider, N; Ordoñez-Boschetti, L; Rey, R; Reynolds, T; Sinha, A, 2015)	0.42
" Adverse events (AEs) were predominantly mild (n = 49, 35."	( Safety and Tolerability of Fingolimod in Latin American Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: The Open-Label FIRST LATAM Study. Alvarenga, R; Cruz, A; Frider, N; Ordoñez-Boschetti, L; Rey, R; Reynolds, T; Sinha, A, 2015)	0.42
" Elevation of liver function tests (LFTs) and reduction in peripheral-blood lymphocyte counts were among the most common adverse events reported in phase II, phase III, and extension studies."	( Safety and efficacy of reduced fingolimod dosage treatment. Khoury, SJ; Sawaya, RA; Yamout, BI; Zeineddine, MM, 2015)	0.42
" The drug is usually well tolerated, and common adverse effects include bradycardia, headache, influenza, diarrhea, back pain, increased liver enzyme levels, and cough."	( Fingolimod-Associated Peripheral Vascular Adverse Effects. Bramanti, P; Calabrò, RS; Guarneri, C; Mazzon, E; Russo, M; Sessa, E, 2015)	0.42
" experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) but without the adverse effects observed with FTY720."	( AKP-11 - A Novel S1P1 Agonist with Favorable Safety Profile Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Dhindsa, JS; Gill, GS; Grobelny, DW; Samuvel, DJ; Saxena, N; Singh, AK; Singh, I, 2015)	0.42
"3%) patients experienced adverse events with lymphopenia, increase liver enzymes, urinary tract infections and fatigue being the most common."	( Safety and efficacy of fingolimod in clinical practice: The experience of an academic center in the Middle East. Khoury, SJ; Tamim, H; Yamout, BI; Zeineddine, MM, 2015)	0.42
" In our cohort fingolimod was safe and efficacious irrespective of comorbidities and previous treatment."	( Efficacy and Safety of Fingolimod in an Unselected Patient Population. Andelova, M; Derfuss, T; Kappos, L; Lindberg, RL; Naegelin, Y; Rasenack, M; Rychen, J; Sprenger, T; Stippich, C, 2016)	0.43
" Search terms and medical subject headings used in trials involving PP2A activators as well as a specific search were performed for 'adverse events', 'serious adverse events', 'delays in treatment', ' side effects' and 'toxicity' for primary objectives."	( A systematic evaluation of the safety and toxicity of fingolimod for its potential use in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia. D'Crus, A; Enjeti, AK; Melville, K; Rowlings, P; Verrills, NM, 2016)	0.43
" To choose between these DMTs, knowledge of side-effect profiles is imperative."	( Update on monitoring and adverse effects of approved second-generation disease-modifying therapies in relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Cano, CA; Dubey, D; Stüve, O, 2016)	0.43
" Its use seems to be limited by significant adverse effects and regular monitoring requirement."	( Update on monitoring and adverse effects of approved second-generation disease-modifying therapies in relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Cano, CA; Dubey, D; Stüve, O, 2016)	0.43
"In this review, we outline the potential adverse effects and recommended laboratory studies as part of the monitoring strategy following initiation of various DMTs."	( Update on monitoring and adverse effects of approved second-generation disease-modifying therapies in relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Cano, CA; Dubey, D; Stüve, O, 2016)	0.43
" The patients had good disease control and no adverse events were reported."	( Safety of switching from natalizumab straight into fingolimod in a group of JCV-positive patients with multiple sclerosis. Alves-Leon, SV; Becker, J; Brooks, JB; Correa, EC; Damasceno, A; Fragoso, YD; Gama, PD; Gama, RA; Maciel, EP; Matta, AP; Winckler, TC, 2016)	0.43
"5 mg were assessed by recording adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs (SAEs)."	( Safety and tolerability of fingolimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of an open-label clinical trial in Italy. Brescia Morra, V; Brogi, D; Comi, G; Guidi, L; Laroni, A; Lugaresi, A; Mancardi, GL; Pozzilli, C; Raimondi, D; Turrini, R; Uccelli, A, 2017)	0.46
" The occurrence of adverse events was also assessed."	( Safety and Efficacy of Fingolimod and Natalizumab in Multiple Sclerosis After the Failure of First-Line Therapy: Single Center Experience Based on the Treatment of Forty-Four Patients. Lasek-Bal, A; Puz, P, 2016)	0.43
" Fingolimod-associated macular oedema (FAME) is the most common ocular side effect but retinal haemorrhages and retinal vein occlusion can occur."	( Fingolimod: therapeutic mechanisms and ocular adverse effects. Fusi-Rubiano, W; Gupta, A; Keane, PA; Mandal, P; Yang, Y, 2017)	0.46
" In the current study, we evaluated potential adverse effects of fingolimod eyedrops."	( Adverse Effect Profile of Topical Ocular Administration of Fingolimod for Treatment of Dry Eye Disease. Sun, L; Xiao, W; Ye, W; Zhang, N, 2017)	0.46
" In a subset of 204 patients, we monitored cardiac and pulmonary adverse effects following treatment initiation."	( Early safety and efficacy of fingolimod treatment in Denmark. Koch-Henriksen, N; Magyari, M; Oturai, AB; Sellebjerg, F; Sørensen, PS; Voldsgaard, A, 2017)	0.46
"Fingolimod appears to be safe and effective in MS patients in a clinical setting."	( Early safety and efficacy of fingolimod treatment in Denmark. Koch-Henriksen, N; Magyari, M; Oturai, AB; Sellebjerg, F; Sørensen, PS; Voldsgaard, A, 2017)	0.46
" Serious adverse events were reported in 13."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of fingolimod in Japanese patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: 3-year results of the phase 2 extension study. Auberson, LZ; Hao, Q; Itoyama, Y; Kikuchi, S; Kira, JI; Kurosawa, T; Nagato, K; Saida, T; Tsumiyama, I; Ueda, K, 2017)	0.46
" The drug is safe and effective, and its first hours of use are associated with related to S1P receptors in the heart."	( Multiple sclerosis treatment with fingolimod: profile of non-cardiologic adverse events. Fragoso, YD, 2017)	0.46
"Fingolimod is safe and well-tolerated and can reduce circulating lymphocytes in ALS patients."	( Phase IIa trial of fingolimod for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis demonstrates acceptable acute safety and tolerability. Appel, S; Atassi, N; Berry, JD; Gill, A; Goyal, N; Grasso, DL; Macklin, EA; Mateen, F; Mejia, NI; Paganoni, S; Perrin, S; Rivner, M; Simpson, E; Tassinari, V; Vieira, F, 2017)	0.46
" Adverse effects of teriflunomide are well characterized and can be considered manageable."	( Comparison of efficacy and safety of oral agents for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Bramanti, P; Guarnera, C; Mazzon, E, 2017)	0.46
" Forty-two percent of patients experienced adverse events: headache, fatigue, liver enzyme elevation, and lymphopenia were the most commonly found."	( Real-World Safety and Patient Profile of Fingolimod in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Prospective Analysis in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Cristiano, E; Miguez, J; Patrucco, L; Rojas, JI, )	0.13
" We aimed to describe our experience with Fingolimod (FTY), correlating demographics, clinical and hematological features of the Relapsing MS (RMS) cohort with the occurring Adverse Events (AEs)."	( Gender differences in safety issues during Fingolimod therapy: Evidence from a real-life Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis cohort. Di Lecce, V; Direnzo, V; Iaffaldano, A; Iaffaldano, P; Manni, A; Paolicelli, D; Tortorella, C; Trojano, M; Zoccolella, S, 2017)	0.46
" Mode of action, adverse effects, reported risks for infections and malignancies, and pregnancy related issues are discussed in the review."	( Managing the side effects of multiple sclerosis therapy: pharmacotherapy options for patients. Rommer, PS; Zettl, UK, 2018)	0.48
" The overall adverse events in our study were similar to those in previous studies."	( Clinical effectiveness and safety of fingolimod in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis in Western Iran. Afshari, D; Ansarian, A; Bostani, A; Moghadasi, AN; Moradian, N; Ouspid, E; Razazian, N; Sariaslani, P, 2018)	0.48
" Demographic and clinical and imaging characteristics, including annualized relapse rate (ARR), Expanded Disability Status Score, previous treatment, adverse events, treatment duration, and reason for discontinuation, were analyzed."	( Safety and Effectiveness of Fingolimod in Real-World Multiple Sclerosis Portuguese Patients. Cheganças Capela, CM; Dos Santos Manita, MA; Fiadeiro Sequeira, JP; Gomes Pedrosa, RM; Lopes de Sousa, AS; Ribeiro de Barros, AH, )	0.13
"8%) discontinued treatment because of adverse drug reactions, and 2 (3."	( Safety and Effectiveness of Fingolimod in Real-World Multiple Sclerosis Portuguese Patients. Cheganças Capela, CM; Dos Santos Manita, MA; Fiadeiro Sequeira, JP; Gomes Pedrosa, RM; Lopes de Sousa, AS; Ribeiro de Barros, AH, )	0.13
" Fingolimod was well tolerated with low rates of discontinuation and adverse events."	( Safety and Effectiveness of Fingolimod in Real-World Multiple Sclerosis Portuguese Patients. Cheganças Capela, CM; Dos Santos Manita, MA; Fiadeiro Sequeira, JP; Gomes Pedrosa, RM; Lopes de Sousa, AS; Ribeiro de Barros, AH, )	0.13
" Adverse events were also recorded during the follow-up period."	( [Efficacy and safety of fingolimod in routine clinical practice in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Spain: an intermediate analysis of the MS NEXT study]. Barrero, F; En Representacion de Los Investigadores Del Estudio Ms Next, ERLIDEMN; Garcia, E; Mallada-Frechin, J; Martinez-Gines, ML; Marzo-Sola, ME; Meca-Lallana, V; Ricart, J, 2018)	0.48
"We retrospectively identified patients at 12 German neurology centers and analyzed risks for disease activity, adverse events, disability progression, and treatment discontinuation."	( Efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab versus fingolimod in RRMS after natalizumab cessation. Aufenberg, C; Doerck, S; Eienbroeker, C; Haas, J; Kleinschnitz, C; Klotz, L; Lang, M; Lee, DH; Limmroth, V; Linker, RA; Meuth, SG; Pawlitzki, M; Pfeuffer, S; Pul, R; Ruck, T; Schmidt, R; Straeten, FA; Straeten, V; Tackenberg, B; Wiendl, H; Wieshuber, M; Wildemann, B; Windhagen, S, 2019)	0.51
" The pharmacovigilance component consists of informing patients of fingolimod recommendations, reminding patients of recommended medical tests, and tracking and monitoring symptoms, especially those of potential serious adverse fingolimod reactions."	( Promoting transitions of care, safety, and medication adherence for patients taking fingolimod in community pharmacies. Berger, J; Bourdin, A; Bugnon, O; Schluep, M, 2019)	0.51
"Cardiac parameters and adverse events (AEs) were recorded by healthcare professionals performing fingolimod FDOs in the US Gilenya@Home program or in US Gilenya Assessment Network clinics."	( Analysis of cardiac monitoring and safety data in patients initiating fingolimod treatment in the home or in clinic. Brown, B; Kolodny, S; Meng, X; Osborne, JA; Weiss, JL; Williams, IM, 2019)	0.51
"In clinical trials, Fingolimod was an efficacious and safe treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS)."	( Short term real-world Fingolimod efficacy and safety in Emirati patients with multiple sclerosis. Abusamra, E; Ceccarelli, A; Hussain, SI; Mifsud, V, 2020)	0.56
" No significant difference was noted in the prevalence of adverse events between the fingolimod treatment group and the placebo/disease-modifying therapy groups."	( The efficacy and safety of fingolimod in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: A meta-analysis. Chen, CY; Cui, YM; Li, M; Ma, LY; Tian, X; Wu, Y; Yang, T; Zhou, S; Zhou, Y, 2020)	0.56
" We examined laboratory test abnormalities and adverse health conditions in new users."	( Short-term laboratory and related safety outcomes for the multiple sclerosis oral disease-modifying therapies: an observational study. Carruthers, R; Evans, C; Kingwell, E; Marrie, RA; Tremlett, H; Walld, R; Zhang, T; Zhu, F, 2021)	0.62
"The short-term, real-world incidences of abnormal laboratory results or adverse events were consistent with the pivotal clinical trial findings."	( Short-term laboratory and related safety outcomes for the multiple sclerosis oral disease-modifying therapies: an observational study. Carruthers, R; Evans, C; Kingwell, E; Marrie, RA; Tremlett, H; Walld, R; Zhang, T; Zhu, F, 2021)	0.62
" Sociodemographic and medical characteristics, patient safety data (patient-reported symptoms, discontinuations due to adverse events (AEs), repeated first-dose monitoring), and medication adherence (implementation, persistence, reasons for discontinuation, influence of covariates, barriers and facilitators) were described."	( Longitudinal analysis of safety and medication adherence of patients in the Fingolimod patient support program: a real-world observational study. Berger, J; Bourdin, A; Bugnon, O; Locatelli, I; Schluep, M; Schneider, MP, 2021)	0.62
" These reassuring findings indicate a lack of COVID-19 complications in PwMS on DMTs and support the hypothesis that it is safe to maintain ongoing treatment with these drugs in the current setting."	( Safety of disease-modifying treatments in SARS-CoV-2 antibody-positive multiple sclerosis patients. Baldanti, F; Bergamaschi, R; Fabbro, BD; Franciotta, D; Gastaldi, M; Mallucci, G; Zito, A, 2021)	0.62
"13 %) experienced adverse events, mainly lymphopenia (5."	( Real-world retrospective study of effectiveness and safety of FINgOlimod in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis in the Middle East and North Africa (FINOMENA). Ahmed, SF; Akkawi, N; Al Atat, R; Al Otaibi, H; Al-Aasmi, A; AlKawi, Z; Alroughani, R; Alsaadi, T; El Fadally, H; Hassan, A; Inshasi, J; Koussa, S; Mujtaba, A; Riachi, N; Zakaria, M, 2021)	0.62
" Adverse events (AEs) were experienced by up to 41."	( Four-year safety and effectiveness data from patients with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod: The Spanish GILENYA registry. Álvarez-Cermeño, JC; Fernández, O; Hernández, MA; Marzo, ME; Meca-Lallana, JE; Meca-Lallana, V; Montalbán, X; Muñoz, D; Olascoaga, J; Oreja-Guevara, C; Pato, A; Ramió-Torrentà, L; Rodríguez-Antigüedad, A, 2021)	0.62
"Amiselimod is an oral selective S1P1 receptor modulator with potentially fewer adverse effects than fingolimod."	( A phase II, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Amiselimod in Patients with Moderate to Severe Active Crohn's Disease. D'Haens, G; Danese, S; Davies, M; Hibi, T; Watanabe, M, 2022)	0.72
" Seven participants had serious adverse events and four discontinued treatment in the amiselimod group."	( A phase II, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Amiselimod in Patients with Moderate to Severe Active Crohn's Disease. D'Haens, G; Danese, S; Davies, M; Hibi, T; Watanabe, M, 2022)	0.72
" Our study confirms that COVID-19 vaccination is safe and well-tolerated in MS patients and should be recommended to all patients regardless of their current DMTs."	( Immunogenicity and safety of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in people with multiple sclerosis treated with different disease-modifying therapies. Bianco, A; Capone, F; Cicia, A; Cortese, A; Cruciani, A; De Arcangelis, V; De Giglio, L; Di Lazzaro, V; Ferraro, E; Lucchini, M; Mirabella, M; Motolese, F; Rossi, M; Sancetta, B, 2022)	0.72
" This study aimed to elucidate the risk of cardiovascular adverse events (AEs) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with S1PR modulators (S1PRMs)."	( Risk for Cardiovascular Adverse Events Associated With Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Modulators in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Insights From a Pooled Analysis of 15 Randomised Controlled Trials. Gu, ZC; Lv, Y; Ma, CL; Zhao, Z; Zhong, MK, 2021)	0.62
" Adverse events (AE) occurring in 75."	( Long-term real-world effectiveness and safety of fingolimod over 5 years in Germany. Albrecht, H; Ettle, B; Haas, J; Klotz, L; Lang, M; Lang, S; Lassek, C; Schmidt, S; Schulze-Topphoff, U; Winkelmann, VE; Ziemssen, T, 2022)	0.72
"Pregnancy and postpartum period were generally safe for Czech women with MS."	( Is pregnancy in MS patients safe and what is its impact on MS course? Real World evidence of 1533 pregnancies in Czech Republic. Adamkova, J; Ampapa, R; Hanulikova, P; Horakova, D; Hradilek, P; Mares, J; Meluzinova, E; Pavliska, L; Stetkarova, I; Stourac, P; Vachova, M; Valis, M; Woznicova, I; Zapletalova, O, 2022)	0.72
"CLARION aims to further evaluate adverse events of special interest in patients who are newly initiating treatment with cladribine tablets for relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS)."	( The CLARION study design and status update: a long-term, registry-based study evaluating adverse events of special interest in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis newly started on cladribine tablets. Aydemir, A; Bezemer, I; Butzkueven, H; Korhonen, P; Moore, N; Sabidó, M; Sõnajalg, J, 2022)	0.72
"By providing further information on adverse events of special interest during long-term follow-up, CLARION will assist neurologists and patients regarding treatment decision-making for management of relapsing MS."	( The CLARION study design and status update: a long-term, registry-based study evaluating adverse events of special interest in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis newly started on cladribine tablets. Aydemir, A; Bezemer, I; Butzkueven, H; Korhonen, P; Moore, N; Sabidó, M; Sõnajalg, J, 2022)	0.72
"3%) had ≥ 1 treatment-emergent adverse event (AE) and 20 (8."	( Real-world effectiveness and safety of fingolimod in patients with multiple sclerosis in the Czech Republic: results from core and extension parts of the GOLEMS study up to 48 months. Počíková, Z; Štěpánová, R; Tichá, V; Vytlačil, J, 2022)	0.72
"SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines were safe in a large group of ANC patients."	( Difference in safety and humoral response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with autoimmune neurological disorders: the ANCOVAX study. Balboni, A; Borghi, A; Camilli, F; Di Felice, G; Giannoccaro, MP; Lazzarotto, T; Leone, M; Liguori, R; Lodi, V; Lugaresi, A; Panzera, I; Rinaldi, R; Salvi, F; Tappatà, M; Vacchiano, V; Zenesini, C, 2022)	0.72
" Additional outcomes included the proportion of patients and time to: EDSS 6; new relapses; new T2-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions; no evidence of disease activity; and specific adverse events."	( Effectiveness and Safety of Early High-Efficacy Versus Escalation Therapy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in Argentina. Alonso, R; Caride, A; Carnero Contentti, E; Cristiano, E; Deri, N; Garcea, O; Lopez, PA; Patrucco, L; Pettinicchi, JP; Rojas, JI, )	0.13
" No significant differences were observed in specific adverse events between groups."	( Effectiveness and Safety of Early High-Efficacy Versus Escalation Therapy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in Argentina. Alonso, R; Caride, A; Carnero Contentti, E; Cristiano, E; Deri, N; Garcea, O; Lopez, PA; Patrucco, L; Pettinicchi, JP; Rojas, JI, )	0.13
"Our study shows that EHE therapies prevent disease progression, relapses, and new MRI lesions and demonstrated no increased risk of specific adverse events when compared with ES therapy."	( Effectiveness and Safety of Early High-Efficacy Versus Escalation Therapy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in Argentina. Alonso, R; Caride, A; Carnero Contentti, E; Cristiano, E; Deri, N; Garcea, O; Lopez, PA; Patrucco, L; Pettinicchi, JP; Rojas, JI, )	0.13
" However, the adverse events related to these new agents remain largely unknown."	( Novel multiple sclerosis agents-associated cardiotoxicity: A real-world pharmacovigilance study. Abduljabar, H; Al-Yafeai, Z; Arvas, M; Carvajal-González, A; Patel, N; Patel, S, 2022)	0.72
" food and drug administration (FDA) adverse events reporting system (FAERS), we comprehensively evaluated the cardiovascular complications of the newly FDA-approved anti-MS modifying therapies approved since 2015."	( Novel multiple sclerosis agents-associated cardiotoxicity: A real-world pharmacovigilance study. Abduljabar, H; Al-Yafeai, Z; Arvas, M; Carvajal-González, A; Patel, N; Patel, S, 2022)	0.72
" Two CD20 (ocrelizumab, ofatumumab) and one CD25 inhibitors (daclizumab) were significantly associated with multiple cardiovascular adverse events."	( Novel multiple sclerosis agents-associated cardiotoxicity: A real-world pharmacovigilance study. Abduljabar, H; Al-Yafeai, Z; Arvas, M; Carvajal-González, A; Patel, N; Patel, S, 2022)	0.72
" A higher rate of adverse events (AEs) was revealed for alemtuzumab versus all other high-efficacy DMTs; for alemtuzumab (average probability of an event: 98."	( Comparative safety of high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Holko, P; Kawalec, P; Osiecka, O; Śladowska, K, 2022)	0.72
" Neither clinical relapses nor severe adverse events were reported in pwMS after each dose of vaccine."	( Humoral response and safety of the third booster dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab or fingolimod. Altieri, M; Bisecco, A; Capuano, R; Conte, M; Coppola, N; d'Ambrosio, A; Donnarumma, G; Galdiero, M; Gallo, A; Grimaldi, E; Medici, N; Tedeschi, G, 2022)	0.72
" However, patients taking certain oral DMTs may experience gastrointestinal (GI)-related adverse events (AEs), particularly at dose titration."	( The Patient and Clinician Assessment of Gastrointestinal (GI) Related Adverse Events Associated with Oral Disease-Modifying Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis: A Qualitative Study. Cano, S; Elliott, E; Jivraj, F; Kang, S; Kapadia, S; Reedie, S; Rock, M; Strzok, S, 2022)	0.72
"There is a lack of safety information about the post-marketing adverse effects of several disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) used to control multiple sclerosis (MS)."	( Post marketing new adverse effects of oral therapies in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. Ataei, S; Esfahani, ME; Jenabi, E; Sahraian, MA; Salehi, AM, 2022)	0.72
"The oral therapies have some significant post-marketing adverse effects that have been diagnosed in numerous case reports."	( Post marketing new adverse effects of oral therapies in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. Ataei, S; Esfahani, ME; Jenabi, E; Sahraian, MA; Salehi, AM, 2022)	0.72
" Hence, both are in the cory 1 of the Global Harmonization System (GHS) aquatic toxicity and are toxic to adult zebrafish life."	( Comparison of the safety and efficacy of fingolimod and tofacitinib in the zebrafish model of colitis. Abdollahi, M; Baeeri, M; Ghafour-Broujerdi, E; Gholami, M; Hassani, S; Mousavi, T; Rahimifard, M; Vakhshiteh, F, 2022)	0.72
" These compounds differ in chemical structure, adverse effects, and efficacy points of view."	( S1PR1 modulators in multiple sclerosis: Efficacy, safety, comparison, and chemical structure insights. Alizadeh, AA; Borhannejad, B; Dastmalchi, S; Kandjani, OJ; Vahdati, SS; Yaqoubi, S, 2023)	0.91
"This study indicated that fingolimod is a safe and effective adjuvant agent for schizophrenia treatment."	( Efficacy and safety of adjunctive therapy with fingolimod in patients with schizophrenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Akhondzadeh, S; Amanollahi, M; Ardakani, MK; Basti, FA; Jameie, M; Karbalaee, M; Mokhtari, S; Moradi, K; Parsaei, M; TaghaviZanjani, F, 2023)	0.91
" Moreover, rituximab was well-tolerated, and no serious adverse events were reported."	( Effectiveness and safety of switching from fingolimod and natalizumab to rituximab in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Fakih, AU; Naser Moghadasi, A; Paybast, S; Sahraian, MA, 2023)	0.91
" No serious adverse events were reported two weeks post-third dose."	( Third COVID-19 vaccine dose for people with multiple sclerosis who did not seroconvert following two doses of BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) inactivated vaccine: A pilot study on safety and immunogenicity. Chitsaz, A; Etemadifar, M; Ghasemi Movaghar, A; Lotfi, N; Salari, M; Sayahi, F; Sedaghat, N, 2023)	0.91
" Safety outcomes included any adverse event (AE) observed during the study period and efficacy outcomes included both objective (disability progression and 2-year annualized relapse rate) and patient-reported assessments (Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) v1."	( A Prospective, Observational Study Assessing Effectiveness, Safety, and QoL of Greek Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Under Treatment with Fingolimod. Dardiotis, E; Doskas, T; Fakas, N; Grigoriadis, N; Iliopoulos, I; Karageorgiou, K; Maltezou, M; Mitsikostas, DD; Orologas, A; Vikelis, M, 2023)	0.91
" There are a few reports of melanoma as a side effect of Fingolimod in the literature."	( Soft Palate Malignant Melanoma as an Adverse Effect of Fingolimod in Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report and Literature Review. Mozhdehipanah, H; Paybast, S; Safdarian, F, )	0.13
" This study aims to investigate and compare adherence, adverse event (AE) profiles, and frequencies, main reasons for treatment discontinuation under Teriflunomide (TERI), Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF), and Fingolimod (FNG) for relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients."	( Real-life outcomes for oral disease-modifying treatments of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients: Adherence and adverse event profiles from Marmara University. Engin, E; Günal, D; Sünter, G; Vural, E; Yıldırım, KA, 2023)	0.91
" The most common reasons for treatment discontinuation in order of frequency were adverse events, the progression of the disease, and the persistence of relapses."	( Real-life outcomes for oral disease-modifying treatments of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients: Adherence and adverse event profiles from Marmara University. Engin, E; Günal, D; Sünter, G; Vural, E; Yıldırım, KA, 2023)	0.91
"To compare adverse effects of immunotherapies for people with MS or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), and to rank these treatments according to their relative risks of adverse effects through network meta-analyses (NMAs)."	( Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis. Benedetti, MD; Capobussi, M; Castellini, G; Featherstone, R; Filippini, G; Frau, S; Gonzalez-Lorenzo, M; Lucenteforte, E; Perduca, V; Tramacere, I; Virgili, G, 2023)	0.91
" Our review, along with other work in the literature, confirms poor-quality reporting of adverse events from RCTs of interventions."	( Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis. Benedetti, MD; Capobussi, M; Castellini, G; Featherstone, R; Filippini, G; Frau, S; Gonzalez-Lorenzo, M; Lucenteforte, E; Perduca, V; Tramacere, I; Virgili, G, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Interestingly, FTY720 displays pharmacokinetic characteristics suggesting that therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) will not be essential for clinical applications."	( Update on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies with FTY720 and sirolimus. Kahan, BD, 2002)	0.31
" A pharmacodynamic model was established."	( Pharmacodynamics of single doses of the novel immunosuppressant FTY720 in stable renal transplant patients. Böhler, T; Brookman, L; Brunkhorst, R; Budde, K; L Schmouder, R; Mayer, T; Nashan, B; Nedelman, J; Neumayer, HH; Skerjanec, A; W Lücker, P, 2003)	0.32
" Pharmacokinetic measurements revealed that FTY720 displayed linear relations of doses and concentrations over a wide range, but had no effect on CsA exposure."	( Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and safety of multiple doses of FTY720 in stable renal transplant patients: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase I study. Chodoff, L; Ferguson, RM; Gonwa, TA; Kahan, BD; Karlix, JL; Leichtman, AB; Mulgaonkar, S; Schmouder, RL; Skerjanec, A, 2003)	0.32
" We have studied the pharmacodynamic effects of FTY in stable renal allograft recipients taking part in a phase I clinical trial."	( Pharmacodynamics of FTY720, the first member of a new class of immune-modulating therapeutics in transplantation medicine. Böhler, T; Budde, K; Neumayer, HH; Schumann, B; Schütz, M; Waiser, J, 2003)	0.32
"Both the peak concentration (0."	( Single-dose FTY720 pharmacokinetics, food effect, and pharmacological responses in healthy subjects. Barilla, D; Kovarik, JM; Kraus, G; Schmouder, R; Wang, Y, 2004)	0.32
" Washout pharmacokinetics after the last dose indicated an elimination half-life averaging 8 days."	( Multiple-dose FTY720: tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and lymphocyte responses in healthy subjects. Barilla, D; Hunt, T; Kovarik, JM; Riviere, GJ; Schmouder, R; Wang, Y, 2004)	0.32
"To evaluate the potential for a pharmacokinetic drug interaction between the immunomodulator FTY720 and cyclosporine to support the use of this drug combination in organ transplantation."	( FTY720 and cyclosporine: evaluation for a pharmacokinetic interaction. Barilla, D; Berthier, S; Büche, M; Gottlieb, AB; Kovarik, JM; Mayer, T; Rouilly, M; Schmouder, RL; Van Saders, C; Wang, Y, )	0.13
" Likewise for cyclosporine, FTY720 coadministration did not alter the steady-state Cmax compared with cyclosporine given alone (1452 +/- 308 vs 1376 +/- 149 ng/mL, respectively) or AUC(tau) (6385 +/- 1578 vs 6031 +/- 1051 ng."	( FTY720 and cyclosporine: evaluation for a pharmacokinetic interaction. Barilla, D; Berthier, S; Büche, M; Gottlieb, AB; Kovarik, JM; Mayer, T; Rouilly, M; Schmouder, RL; Van Saders, C; Wang, Y, )	0.13
" A prior physiology-based pharmacokinetic model fitted the concentration-time course of FTY720 in rats."	( On the prediction of the human response: a recycled mechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic approach. Lowe, PJ; Meno-Tetang, GM, 2005)	0.33
" Both noncompartmental and population methods were used to estimate pharmacokinetic estimates in the patients."	( FTY720, a novel immunomodulator in de novo kidney transplant patients: pharmacokinetics and exposure-response relationship. Budde, K; Cole, E; Hsu, CH; Neumayer, HH; Schmouder, R; Skerjanec, A; Tedesco, H, 2005)	0.33
" Compared with healthy controls, severe hepatic-impaired subjects had a doubled area under the concentration time curve (AUC) and 50% prolonged elimination half-life but a similar peak blood concentration."	( Fingolimod (FTY720) in severe hepatic impairment: pharmacokinetics and relationship to markers of liver function. Hartmann, S; Kovarik, JM; Picard, F; Riviere, GJ; Schmidt, HH; Schmouder, RL; Voss, B; Wagner, F; Weiss, M, 2006)	0.33
" A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed to predict the concentration of FTY720 in various organs of the body."	( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of FTY720 (2-amino-2[2-(-4-octylphenyl)ethyl]propane-1,3-diol hydrochloride) in rats after oral and intravenous doses. Heining, P; Jusko, WJ; Li, H; Lowe, P; Meno-Tetang, GM; Mis, S; Pyszczynski, N, 2006)	0.33
"The aim of the study was to determine pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of FTY720 in cats and identify any toxic side effects."	( Oral pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of FTY720 in cats. Chen, YJ; Downes, S; Gregory, C; Kyles, A, 2007)	0.34
" The accurate prediction of the pharmacokinetic profile of fingolimod-P determined empirically in 2 large phase 3 trials provides external validation of the model."	( Population pharmacokinetics of fingolimod phosphate in healthy participants. David, OJ; Looby, M; Mercier, F; Schmouder, RL; Wu, K, 2012)	0.38
" The pharmacokinetic profiles of fingolimod and fingolimod phosphate have been extensively investigated in studies in healthy volunteers, renal transplant recipients (the indication for which fingolimod was initially under clinical development, but the development was subsequently discontinued) and MS patients."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of fingolimod. David, OJ; Kovarik, JM; Schmouder, RL, 2012)	0.38
" The authors investigated if this pharmacodynamic effect impacts humoral and cellular immunogenicity."	( Pharmacodynamic effects of steady-state fingolimod on antibody response in healthy volunteers: a 4-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multiple-dose study. Boulton, C; David, OJ; Meiser, K; Schmouder, R, 2012)	0.38
"This article examines the characteristics of fingolimod, its pharmacokinetic properties and the efficacy and tolerability in MS."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of fingolimod for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Constantinescu, CS; Tanasescu, R, 2014)	0.4
" In this investigation, we present a semimechanistic pharmacokinetic model for the interconversion of S1PHK substrates and their respective phosphates in rats and humans with the aim of investigating whether characterization of the rate of phosphorylation in blood platelets constitutes a basis for interspecies scaling using fingolimod as a model compound."	( Translational pharmacokinetic modeling of fingolimod (FTY720) as a paradigm compound subject to sphingosine kinase-mediated phosphorylation. Danhof, M; Luttringer, O; Ploeger, BA; Snelder, N; Stanski, DR, 2014)	0.4
"This open-label, single-sequence study in healthy subjects investigated the effects of steady-state carbamazepine on the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of a single 2-mg dose of fingolimod."	( Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Fingolimod and Carbamazepine in Healthy Subjects. Behrje, R; David, OJ; Hara, H; Lates, CD; Pal, P; Schmouder, R, 2018)	0.48
" The developed method was validated and successfully applied for pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of fingolimod capsules."	( A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitative bioanalysis of fingolimod in human blood: Application to pharmacokinetic study. Babu, B; Gopinath, R; Kumar, M; Narenderan, ST, 2020)	0.56

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The purpose of this study was to define an effective range of FTY720 doses that could be combined with a suboptimal dose (10 mg/kg) of cyclosporin for canine kidney allograft recipients."	( An immunosuppressive regimen using FTY720 combined with cyclosporin in canine kidney transplantation. Amemiya, H; Chiba, K; Hoshino, Y; Kakefuda, T; Kataoka, H; Kawaguchi, T; Rahman, F; Suzuki, S, 1998)	0.3
"FTY720 alone (10-5000 ng/ml) or in combination with other drugs was added to human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) undergoing stimulation in vitro with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or OKT3 monoclonal antibody."	( Immunosuppressive effects of FTY720 alone or in combination with cyclosporine and/or sirolimus. Kahan, BD; Okamoto, M; Qu, X; Stepkowski, SM; Tejpal, N; Wang, ME; Yu, J, 1998)	0.3
" Using a DA donor-to-LEW recipient rat combination, we assessed the efficacy of peritransplant FTY720 alone or in combination with post-transplant tacrolimus on the survival of cardiac allografts."	( Effect of peritransplant FTY720 alone or in combination with post-transplant tacrolimus in a rat model of cardiac allotransplantation. Afford, SC; Antoniou, EA; D'Silva, M; McMaster, P; Pirenne, J; Xu, M, 1998)	0.3
" We investigated therapy with FTY combined with tacrolimus (FK) in rat liver transplantation."	( Immunosuppressive therapy using FTY720 combined with tacrolimus in rat liver transplantation. Amemiya, H; Enosawa, S; Funeshima, N; Kitajima, M; Li, XK; Suzuki, S; Tamura, A, 2000)	0.31
" In this study, we performed adCTLA4Ig transfection combined with FTY720 treatment in heart-grafted rats to determine if the combination could induce a mutual effect on graft survival."	( Long-term graft acceptance in rat heart transplantation by CTLA4Ig gene transfection combined with FTY720 treatment. Amemiya, H; Enosawa, S; Funeshima, N; Kita, Y; Li, XK; Nagai, H; Ogoshi, S; Ohba, M; Okuyama, T; Sasaguri, S; Suzuki, S; Zhang, H, 2001)	0.31
"MPS in monotherapy and combined with FTY720 resulted in steep dose-response curves."	( Efficacy of mycophenolate sodium as monotherapy and in combination with FTY720 in a DA-to-Lewis-rat heart-transplantation model. Baumlin, Y; Hof, A; Hof, RP; Matsumoto, Y, 2002)	0.31
" In conclusion, the fat-derived hormone adiponectin combined with FTY720 might be a novel combination drug therapy for prevention of small-for-size fatty liver graft injury."	( Fat-derived hormone adiponectin combined with FTY720 significantly improves small-for-size fatty liver graft survival. Fan, ST; Ho, JW; Lam, KS; Lee, TK; Li, XL; Lo, CM; Man, K; Ng, KT; Sun, CK; Xu, A; Zhao, Y, 2006)	0.33
" In our mice model, FTY720 administered alone or in combination with CsA during 21 days increased skin allograft survival in a fully mismatched strain combination and did not cause significant changes in renal function."	( FTY720 in combination with cyclosporine--an analysis of skin allograft survival and renal function. Bueno, V; Burdmann, EA; Cury, PM; Silva, FR; Silva, LB, 2006)	0.33
" In mice, FTY720 administered in combination with CsA during 21 days has prolonged skin allograft survival without causing significant renal changes."	( Tacrolimus in combination with FTY720--an analysis of renal and blood parameters. Bueno, V; Burdmann, EA; Franco, M; Gallo, AP; Silva, LB, 2006)	0.33
"Although EVR and FTY720 monotherapy delayed the progression of CAN, their combination with CsA had no beneficial effect."	( Treatment of chronic allograft nephropathy at late stages using everolimus or FTY720 in combination with cyclosporine. Baumann, M; Heemann, U; Liu, S; Lutz, J; Roos, M; Schmaderer, C; Strobl, M, 2008)	0.35
" We investigated whether FTY720 in combination with sirolimus (SRL) could cause renal toxicity in C57BL/6 mice when administered for 21 days."	( Sirolimus in combination with FTY720: analysis of urinary and serum parameters. Bueno, V; Cordeiro, JA; de Franco, MF; Lopes, CT; Pletiskaitz, TM, 2010)	0.36
"FTY720 (fingolimod), a novel immunomodulator, has demonstrated potential for prevention of acute rejection in combination with cyclosporine."	( FTY720 combined with tacrolimus in de novo renal transplantation: 1-year, multicenter, open-label randomized study. Abramowicz, D; Hoitsma, AJ; Proot, P; Vanrenterghem, Y; Woodle, ES, 2011)	0.37
"FTY720 combined with tacrolimus and steroids did not show a significant therapeutic advantage over MMF for the prevention of acute rejection in de novo renal transplant recipients."	( FTY720 combined with tacrolimus in de novo renal transplantation: 1-year, multicenter, open-label randomized study. Abramowicz, D; Hoitsma, AJ; Proot, P; Vanrenterghem, Y; Woodle, ES, 2011)	0.37
" To assess whether the efficacy of a combined oral contraceptive (OC) could be compromised during fingolimod therapy, a steady-state, drug-drug interaction study of fingolimod with ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel was performed in healthy female volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetics of fingolimod (FTY720) and a combined oral contraceptive coadministered in healthy women: drug-drug interaction study results. David, OJ; den Daas, I; Emotte, C; Jakab, A; Meiser, K; Ocwieja, M; Schmouder, R; Wemer, J, 2012)	0.38
"The therapeutic efficacy of the novel immunomodulator FTY720 (Fingolimod), alone and in combination with betamethasone ointment, was examined in the NC/Nga mouse model of spontaneous steroid-resistant dermatitis."	( Therapeutic approach to steroid-resistant dermatitis using novel immunomodulator FTY720 (Fingolimod) in combination with betamethasone ointment in NC/Nga mice. Fujita, T; Inoue, M; Iwatsuki, R; Kohno, T; Tsuji, T; Yoshida, Y, 2012)	0.38
" We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the novel immunomodulator FTY720 (Fingolimod), alone and in combination with betamethasone valerate ointment, in the NC/Nga mouse model of mite-induced intractable dermatitis."	( [Therapeutic approach to mite-induced intractable dermatitis using novel immunomodulator FTY720 (fingolimod) in combination with betamethasone ointment in NC/Nga mice]. Fujita, T; Kohno, T; Tsuji, T; Yoshida, Y, 2012)	0.38
"The therapeutic capacity of an antibody directed against the T cell receptor (anti-TCR) of the TCR/CD3 complex alone or in combination with fingolimod (FTY720) to reverse the diabetic metabolic state through suppression of autoimmunity and stimulation of β cell regeneration was analyzed in the LEW."	( Anti-TCR therapy combined with fingolimod for reversal of diabetic hyperglycemia by β cell regeneration in the LEW.1AR1-iddm rat model of type 1 diabetes. Akin, M; Arndt, T; Hedrich, HJ; Jörns, A; Lenzen, S; Terbish, T; Wedekind, D; Zu Vilsendorf, AM, 2014)	0.4
" In MDA-MB-468 and HCC1806 orthotopic TNBC xenograft tumors in nude mice, the drug combination inhibited tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival, although this effect was not significant for the gefitinib-resistant cell line HCC70."	( Inhibition of basal-like breast cancer growth by FTY720 in combination with epidermal growth factor receptor kinase blockade. Baxter, RC; Boyle, FM; de Silva, HC; Julovi, SM; Lin, MZ; Martin, JL, 2017)	0.46
"This paper aims to observe and analyze the safety and clinical efficacy of Fingolimod combined with alteplase intravenous thrombolysis in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke."	( Efficacy of fingolimod combined with alteplase in acute ischemic stroke and rehabilitation nursing. Hua, L; Jing, Z; Liantao, Z; Lingling, L, 2019)	0.51
" FTY720 in combination with the standard chemotherapeutic, cisplatin, decreased proliferation in a synergistic manner."	( PP2A activation alone and in combination with cisplatin decreases cell growth and tumor formation in human HuH6 hepatoblastoma cells. Aye, JM; Beierle, EA; Marayati, R; Mroczek-Musulman, E; Stafman, LL; Stewart, JE; Williams, AP, 2019)	0.51
" Collectively, these results indicated that the lysosome‑targeted drug combination induces multiple organelle dysfunction and exerts a marked cytotoxic effect in PDAC cells."	( Lysosome‑targeted drug combination induces multiple organelle dysfunctions and non‑canonical death in pancreatic cancer cells. Hiramoto, M; Hirota, A; Kazama, H; Miyazaki, M; Miyazawa, K; Ogawa, M; Ota, K; Suzuki, S; Takano, N, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"53 l/h/kg, and bioavailability of about 38%."	( Pharmacokinetics and cell trafficking dynamics of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]propane-1,3-diol hydrochloride (FTY720) in cynomolgus monkeys after single oral and intravenous doses. Arima, N; Chiba, K; Heining, P; Jusko, WJ; Li, H; Meno-Tetang, GM, 2002)	0.31
" Furthermore, it displays high oral bioavailability and a low interindividual coefficient of variation."	( FTY720: A new kid on the block for transplant immunosuppression. Aki, FT; Kahan, BD, 2003)	0.32
"Fingolimod (FTY720) is a first-in-class orally bioavailable compound that has shown efficacy in advanced clinical trials for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS)."	( Mechanism of action of oral fingolimod (FTY720) in multiple sclerosis. Chun, J; Hartung, HP, )	0.13
" This protection might be mediated by so-called 'inside-out' signalling by S1P, as LNCaP-AI cells exhibit increased expression of S1P(2/3) receptors and reduced lipid phosphate phosphatase expression (compared with androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells) thereby potentially increasing the bioavailability of S1P at S1P(2/3) receptors."	( FTY720 and (S)-FTY720 vinylphosphonate inhibit sphingosine kinase 1 and promote its proteasomal degradation in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle, breast cancer and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Bittman, R; Lim, KG; Long, J; Loveridge, C; Pitson, SM; Pyne, NJ; Pyne, S; Tigyi, G; Tonelli, F, 2010)	0.36
" The fingolimod-P concentration-time course after either single or multiple doses of fingolimod was described by a 2-compartment model with first-order apparent formation and elimination, lag time in the apparent formation, and dose-dependent relative bioavailability and apparent central volume of distribution."	( Population pharmacokinetics of fingolimod phosphate in healthy participants. David, OJ; Looby, M; Mercier, F; Schmouder, RL; Wu, K, 2012)	0.38
" Results from these studies have demonstrated that fingolimod is efficiently absorbed, with an oral bioavailability of >90%, and its absorption is unaffected by dietary intake, therefore it can be taken without regard to meals."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of fingolimod. David, OJ; Kovarik, JM; Schmouder, RL, 2012)	0.38
" It does not appear that the various formulations differ significantly in terms of bioavailability or efficacy in adults."	( First-line disease-modifying therapies in paediatric multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive overview. Johnston, J; So, TY, 2012)	0.38
" Previous reports showed that intranasal (IN) administration of drugs are the preferred non-invasive route, which bypasses BBB and improves their delivery and bioavailability in the central nervous system (CNS)."	( Intranasal administration of fingolimod (FTY720) attenuates demyelination area in lysolecithin-induced demyelination model of rat optic chiasm. Ahmadian, SR; Ghasemi-Kasman, M; Hashemian, M; Nosratiyan, N; Parsian, H; Rostami-Mansoor, S, 2022)	0.72
" This therapeutic agent faces crucial drawbacks like poor bioavailability rate, risk of cardiotoxicity, potent immunosuppressive effects, and high cost."	( CDX-modified chitosan nanoparticles remarkably reduce therapeutic dose of fingolimod in the EAE model of mice. Abbaspour-Ravasjani, S; Bani, F; Beyrampour-Basmenj, H; Ebrahimi-Kalan, A; Gao, H; Ghadiri, T; Khodakarimi, S; Rahbarghazi, R; Sadeghi, MR; Seidi, K; Sepasi, T; Talebi, M; Zarebkohan, A, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" in the range of the steep part of its dose-response relationship."	( The peripheral lymphocyte count predicts graft survival in DA to Lewis heterotopic heart transplantation treated with FTY720 and SDZ RAD. Baumlin, Y; Hof, A; Hof, RP; Nikolova, Z, 2000)	0.31
" On the day before transplantation we administered FTY720 orally to some of these animals at a dosage of 5 mg/kg and again on the day of transplantation."	( Long-term graft acceptance in rat heart transplantation by CTLA4Ig gene transfection combined with FTY720 treatment. Amemiya, H; Enosawa, S; Funeshima, N; Kita, Y; Li, XK; Nagai, H; Ogoshi, S; Ohba, M; Okuyama, T; Sasaguri, S; Suzuki, S; Zhang, H, 2001)	0.31
" Drug efficacy and potency was calculated based on dose-response curves of the drug-mediated decrease in CD4(+)/CD8alpha(+)/CD25(+) cells."	( Coexpression of CD4 and CD8alpha on rat T-cells in whole blood: a sensitive marker for monitoring T-cell immunosuppressive drugs. Diaz-Romero, J; Vogt, G; Weckbecker, G, 2001)	0.31
" Tumor growth was markedly suppressed at a dosage of 5 mg/kg or more without notable side effects."	( Marked prevention of tumor growth and metastasis by a novel immunosuppressive agent, FTY720, in mouse breast cancer models. Azuma, H; Fukui, R; Hoshiga, M; Ichimaru, N; Ishihara, T; Itoh, Y; Katsuoka, Y; Morimoto, J; Nonomura, N; Okuyama, A; Otsuki, Y; Suzuki, S; Takahara, S; Wang, JD, 2002)	0.31
" The lymphocyte count returned to baseline within 72 h in all dosing cohorts except the highest."	( First human trial of FTY720, a novel immunomodulator, in stable renal transplant patients. Brunkhorst, R; Budde, K; Choudhury, S; Kraus, G; Lücker, PW; Mayer, T; Nashan, B; Neumayer, HH; Schmouder, RL; Skerjanec, A, 2002)	0.31
"FTY720 is a novel immunomodulator that may provide an opportunity for a reduction in calcineurin inhibitor dosage in transplant recipients with renal/hepatic side effects."	( Effects of immunosuppressant FTY720 on renal and hepatic hemodynamics in the rat. Mabuchi, A; Tawadrous, MN; Wheatley, AM; Zimmermann, A, 2002)	0.31
" Renal function and renal tubular parameters were examined in animals that received repeat high dosage of FTY720."	( Effects of immunosuppressant FTY720 on renal and hepatic hemodynamics in the rat. Mabuchi, A; Tawadrous, MN; Wheatley, AM; Zimmermann, A, 2002)	0.31
" FTY720 at the same repeat oral dosage was, nevertheless, associated with a significantly lower 24 h sodium excretion and a significantly lower fractional excretion of sodium compared with those in control animals (223."	( Effects of immunosuppressant FTY720 on renal and hepatic hemodynamics in the rat. Mabuchi, A; Tawadrous, MN; Wheatley, AM; Zimmermann, A, 2002)	0.31
"MPS in monotherapy and combined with FTY720 resulted in steep dose-response curves."	( Efficacy of mycophenolate sodium as monotherapy and in combination with FTY720 in a DA-to-Lewis-rat heart-transplantation model. Baumlin, Y; Hof, A; Hof, RP; Matsumoto, Y, 2002)	0.31
" The lymphocyte count returned to baseline within 72 h in all dosing cohorts except the highest."	( Pharmacodynamics of single doses of the novel immunosuppressant FTY720 in stable renal transplant patients. Böhler, T; Brookman, L; Brunkhorst, R; Budde, K; L Schmouder, R; Mayer, T; Nashan, B; Nedelman, J; Neumayer, HH; Skerjanec, A; W Lücker, P, 2003)	0.32
" To date, phase I single and multiple dosing studies conducted in stable renal transplant patients have revealed a favorable efficacy and tolerability profile."	( FTY720 immunomodulation: optimism for improved transplant regimens. Ferguson, R, 2004)	0.32
" After direct dosage of FTY720 phosphate, lymphopenia is only transient in this strain, indicating that SPHK2 is constantly required to maintain FTY720 phosphate levels in vivo."	( Sphingosine kinase type 2 is essential for lymphopenia induced by the immunomodulatory drug FTY720. Baumruker, T; Billich, A; Bornancin, F; Kinzel, B; Mechtcheriakova, D; Müller, M; Reuschel, R; Urtz, N; Zemann, B, 2006)	0.33
" FTY-720 significantly decreased plasma creatinine in a dose-response manner with a maximal reduction of approximately 73 and approximately 69% with doses of 240 and 48 microg/kg, respectively."	( Selective sphingosine 1-phosphate 1 receptor activation reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury in mouse kidney. Awad, AS; Foss, FW; Huang, L; Li, L; Lynch, KR; Macdonald, TL; Okusa, MD; Ye, H, 2006)	0.33
" The model characterized well FTY720 disposition for this extensive dosing and tissue collection study in the rat."	( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of FTY720 (2-amino-2[2-(-4-octylphenyl)ethyl]propane-1,3-diol hydrochloride) in rats after oral and intravenous doses. Heining, P; Jusko, WJ; Li, H; Lowe, P; Meno-Tetang, GM; Mis, S; Pyszczynski, N, 2006)	0.33
" FTY720 was administered by intraperitoneal injection starting at 10 days after tumor cell injection at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day."	( Marked suppression of tumor growth by FTY720 in a rat liver tumor model: the significance of down-regulation of cell survival Akt pathway. Fan, ST; Ho, JW; Lee, TK; Lo, CM; Man, K; Ng, KT; Poon, RT; Sun, CK; Zhao, Y, 2007)	0.34
"03 mg/kg was efficacious, but limiting the dosing period failed to prevent EAE despite a significant decrease in blood lymphocytes."	( Brain penetration of the oral immunomodulatory drug FTY720 and its phosphorylation in the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: consequences for mode of action in multiple sclerosis. Balatoni, B; Beerli, C; Billich, A; Foster, CA; Hiestand, PC; Howard, LM; Persohn, E; Reuschel, R; Schwartz, M; Schweitzer, A, 2007)	0.34
" This ligand-induced, receptor-mediated cell motility follows a typical bell-shaped dose-response curve, that is, stimulation with low concentrations of S1P enhances cell motility, whereas excess ligand stimulation does not enhance it."	( Attenuation of cell motility observed with high doses of sphingosine 1-phosphate or phosphorylated FTY720 involves RGS2 through its interactions with the receptor S1P. Igarashi, Y; Kohno, T, 2008)	0.35
"Therapeutic dosing of FTY720 reduces naïve T cells and TCM, but not TEM, in blood, without affecting T cell function."	( FTY720 therapy exerts differential effects on T cell subsets in multiple sclerosis. Antel, J; Bar-Or, A; Brinkmann, V; Goebels, N; Kappos, L; Kristofic, C; Kuhle, J; Lindberg, RL; Mehling, M; Vedrine, C, 2008)	0.35
" A recent provocative report indicated that low dosage of the sphingosine analog FTY720 caused lymphopenia in mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-clone 13 (Cl 13) and induced viral clearance within 30 days post-treatment (Premenko-Lanier et al."	( Treatment with a sphingosine analog does not alter the outcome of a persistent virus infection. Marsolais, D; Oldstone, MB; Rosen, H; Walsh, KB; Welch, MJ, 2010)	0.36
" Oral dosing of VPC03090 results in an approximate 1:1 phosphorylated/alcohol species ratio with a half-life of 30 h in mice."	( Characterization of a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor antagonist prodrug. David, M; Huang, T; Kennedy, PC; Lynch, KR; Macdonald, TL; Mathews, TP; Peyruchaud, O; Tomsig, JL; Zhu, R, 2011)	0.37
" S1P(1) agonism alone reduced pathological features as did fingolimod (maximally lymphopenic throughout), despite full reversal of lymphopenia within each dosing interval."	( S1P(1) receptor modulation with cyclical recovery from lymphopenia ameliorates mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Cahalan, SM; Cameron, MD; Gonzalez-Cabrera, PJ; Kago, T; Leaf, NB; Nguyen, N; Rosen, H; Sarkisyan, G, 2012)	0.38
" Dosing recommendations are largely based on tolerability studies, with most children and adolescents tolerating the full adult doses."	( First-line disease-modifying therapies in paediatric multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive overview. Johnston, J; So, TY, 2012)	0.38
"To make an informed benefit-risk evaluation of a drug, a range of doses needs to be evaluated and its dose-response and exposure-response relationships for safety and effectiveness assessed during drug development (International Conference on Harmonisation E4)."	( Is this the dose for you?: the role of modeling. Bhattaram, A; Huang, SM; Mehrotra, N; Wang, Y, 2013)	0.39
" The dosage and temporal effect of the ceramide synthase inhibitor FTY720 on the LIRD retina were measured by histological and functional analyses."	( Inhibition of de novo ceramide biosynthesis by FTY720 protects rat retina from light-induced degeneration. Brush, RS; Chen, H; Eckerd, A; Elliott, MH; Huynh, TP; Mandal, NA; Tran, JA, 2013)	0.39
" Group 3 animals were treated with the same dosage of FTY720 from day 0 to 100."	( Early administration of FTY720 prevents chronic airway as well as vascular destruction in experimental rat lung transplantation. Hirt, SW; Lehle, K; Puehler, T; Schmid, C; von Suesskind-Schwendi, M, 2013)	0.39
"Astrocytes derived from human fetal CNS specimens and maintained in dissociated cultures were exposed to 100 nM of the biologically active form of FTY720 over a dosing regimen that ranged from a single exposure (with or without washout after 1 h) to daily exposures up to 5 days."	( Dual effects of daily FTY720 on human astrocytes in vitro: relevance for neuroinflammation. Antel, JP; Bar-Or, A; Bernier, LP; Cui, QL; Gris, P; Johnson, TA; Kennedy, TE; Leong, SY; Moore, CS; Séguéla, P; Wu, C, 2013)	0.39
" Repeated FTY720 dosing concurrently maintained a functional cell response as measured by the inhibition of intracellular calcium release when stimulated by the cytokine IL-1β."	( Dual effects of daily FTY720 on human astrocytes in vitro: relevance for neuroinflammation. Antel, JP; Bar-Or, A; Bernier, LP; Cui, QL; Gris, P; Johnson, TA; Kennedy, TE; Leong, SY; Moore, CS; Séguéla, P; Wu, C, 2013)	0.39
" The intravenous DMT natalizumab (Tysabri; dosed monthly) provides high therapeutic efficacy and good compliance but is considered a second-line intervention because of the associated increased risk for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy."	( An update on new and emerging therapies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Weinstock-Guttman, B, 2013)	0.39
" The risk for serious cardiovascular adverse events at the approved fingolimod dosage appears to be low in patients without pre-existing cardiac conditions."	( Fingolimod: a review of its use in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Sanford, M, 2014)	0.4
" Using an animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we performed a dose-response study of Fingolimod (0."	( Fingolimod treatment promotes proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Chopp, M; Ding, X; Elias, SB; Li, Y; Lu, M; Shang, X; Zhang, J; Zhang, ZG, 2015)	0.42
"A total of 5 new agents and 1 new dosage formulation were approved by the FDA for the treatment of RRMS since 2010."	( New FDA-Approved Disease-Modifying Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis. Aloi, JJ; English, C, 2015)	0.42
"Twenty-seven relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients underwent 24-hour electrocardiogram recording before, at the first day of fingolimod treatment (1d) and after three months of continuous dosing (3mo)."	( Effect of fingolimod on cardiac autonomic regulation in patients with multiple sclerosis. Hartikainen, JE; Hartikainen, P; Laitinen, T; Laitinen, TM; Simula, S; Tarkiainen, T, 2016)	0.43
"After an initial increase in parasympathetic regulation, continuous fingolimod dosing shifts cardiac autonomic regulation towards sympathetic predominance, especially in men."	( Effect of fingolimod on cardiac autonomic regulation in patients with multiple sclerosis. Hartikainen, JE; Hartikainen, P; Laitinen, T; Laitinen, TM; Simula, S; Tarkiainen, T, 2016)	0.43
"3 or 1mg/kg dosage of FTY720, 1h before PTZ injections."	( Fingolimod enhances myelin repair of hippocampus in pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling model. Ghasemi-Kasman, M; Ghorbanian, D; Gol, M; Hassanzadeh, S; Javan, M; Mirnajafi-Zadeh, J, 2017)	0.46
" We compared 2 year efficacy of DMF versus fingolimod at the approved dosage using a matching-adjusted indirect approach."	( Comparative effectiveness using a matching-adjusted indirect comparison between delayed-release dimethyl fumarate and fingolimod for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Chan, A; Edwards, MR; Fox, RJ; Levison, D; Lewin, JB; Marantz, JL; Xiao, J; Zhang, A, 2017)	0.46
" Defining the best drug dosing regimens to control the extent and duration of lymphopenia is critical to achieve the desired effects."	( Selective Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Agonist Is Protective Against Ischemia/Reperfusion in Mice. Brait, VH; Gavaldà, A; Godessart, N; Planas, AM; Tarrasón, G, 2016)	0.43
" Surprisingly, either delayed or abrogated efficacy was observed when scaffolds contained a dosage of fingolimod >0."	( Local delivery of fingolimod from three-dimensional scaffolds impacts islet graft efficacy and microenvironment in a murine diabetic model. Buchwald, P; Frei, AW; Jiang, K; Li, Y; Stabler, CL, 2018)	0.48
" Reduced dosing of FNG in patients with lymphopenia led to increase in lymphocyte count but also increased disease activity in 25% of patients."	( Predictors of hematological abnormalities in multiple sclerosis patients treated with fingolimod and dimethyl fumarate and impact of treatment switch on lymphocyte and leukocyte count. Baharnoori, M; Chitnis, T; Chua, A; Diaz-Cruz, C; Gonzalez, CT; Healy, BC; Stankiewicz, J; Weiner, HL, 2018)	0.48
" The recovery of spatial memory, besides a reduction of serum leptin levels, allied to central and peripheral elevation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, was solely modulated by CTK 01512-2, dosed intrathecally."	( Beneficial Effects of the Calcium Channel Blocker CTK 01512-2 in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Campos, MM; da Costa, JC; Gomez, MV; Greggio, S; Silva, RBM; Venturin, GT, 2018)	0.48
" Comparator DMTs were chosen to reflect different dosing regimens."	( When does economic model type become a decisive factor in health technology appraisals? Learning from the expanding treatment options for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Adlard, NE; Kroes, MA; Montgomery, SM; Noon, KM, 2018)	0.48
" This may indicate that fingolimod sensitivity is higher in the Japanese population than in the western population because the fingolimod dosage used for the prevention of multiple sclerosis (MS) is the same in both populations."	( Effect of dosage reduction on peripheral blood lymphocyte count in patients with multiple sclerosis receiving long-term fingolimod therapy. Takahashi, K, 2019)	0.51
" Furthermore, most preclinical antiepileptogenic studies lack information needed for translation, such as dose-blood level relationship, brain target engagement, and dose-response, and many use treatment parameters that cannot be applied clinically, for example, treatment initiation before or at the time of injury and dosing higher than tolerated human equivalent dosing."	( Repurposed molecules for antiepileptogenesis: Missing an opportunity to prevent epilepsy? Bar-Klein, G; Friedman, A; Hameed, MQ; Jozwiak, S; Kaminski, RM; Klein, P; Klitgaard, H; Koepp, M; Löscher, W; Prince, DA; Rotenberg, A; Twyman, R; Vezzani, A; Wong, M, 2020)	0.56
" However, adjustments to dosing schedules may help de-risk the chance of infection further and reduce the concerns of people with MS being treated during the COVID-19 pandemic."	( The underpinning biology relating to multiple sclerosis disease modifying treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic. Amor, S; Baker, D; Giovannoni, G; Kang, AS; Schmierer, K, 2020)	0.56
" We identified a complex pattern of responses, differing between (1) receptors, (2) dosage and (3) hippocampal sub-field."	( Immunomodulation Eliminates Inflammation in the Hippocampus in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, but Does Not Ameliorate Anxiety-Like Behavior. Dang, PT; Hale, MW; Kocovski, P; Marinis, S; Orian, JM; Tabassum-Sheikh, N, 2021)	0.62
" Normal rats were used to optimize the USPIO dosage (5."	( USPIO-SWI Shows Fingolimod Enhanced Alteplase Action on Angiographic Reperfusion in eMCAO Rats. Fu, Y; Li, S; Lin, K; Lv, A; Tian, L; Wang, Z; Yan, Y; Zhao, W, 2022)	0.72
" Relative to the vehicle group, oral dosing with fingolimod, beginning after disease onset (1 mg/kg/day), increased hip heights and knee joint movements, and reduced spinal cord demyelination."	( Fingolimod attenuates gait deficits in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Holman, SP; Kasheke, GDS; Robertson, GS, 2022)	0.72
" dosed drugs, including monoclonal antibodies."	( Using an animal model to predict the effective human dose for oral multiple sclerosis drugs. Benet, LZ; Liu, W; Wang, Z; Waubant, EL; Yu, Z; Zhai, S, 2023)	0.91
" The full treatment dosage of cladribine tablets is completed over two years and so these results may be conservative."	( Comparative effectiveness of cladribine tablets versus fingolimod in the treatment of highly active multiple sclerosis: A real-world study. Brownlee, WJ; Duncan, J; Haghikia, A; Harty, GT; Hayward, B; Kayaniyil, S; Khan, Z; Millar, S; Waser, N, 2023)	0.91
"The results showed that crocin improves all studied factors, but remarkable improvements were observed in dosage of 10 mg/kg."	( Effects of Crocin on brain neurotrophins, cognition, balance and pain in toxic-induced demyelination model. Beygtashkhani, R; Farbod, Y; Fatemi, R; Moghaddam, HF, 2024)	1.44

Role	Description
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist	An agonist that binds to and activates sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors.
immunosuppressive agent	An agent that suppresses immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. In addition, an immunosuppressive agent is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to diminish the extent and/or voracity of an immune response.
prodrug	A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
hydrochloride	A salt formally resulting from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	3.0000	0.0000	0.1759	7.8700	AID639285
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
blood vessel maturation	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle tissue growth involved in heart morphogenesis	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chemotaxis	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
brain development	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell population proliferation	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell migration	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmission of nerve impulse	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
lamellipodium assembly	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeleton organization	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell adhesion	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron differentiation	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migration	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bone mineralization	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte chemotaxis	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bone resorption	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endothelial cell differentiation	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of positive chemotaxis	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stress fiber assembly	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
heart trabecula morphogenesis	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell migration	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of metabolic process	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel development	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
sphinganine-1-phosphate biosynthetic process	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
sphingosine metabolic process	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
brain development	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell population proliferation	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
sphingolipid biosynthetic process	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growth	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-13 production	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mast cell degranulation	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
sphingosine biosynthetic process	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein kinase C signaling	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium ion import	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ATP biosynthetic process	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphorylation	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel development	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein acetylation	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
sphingosine metabolic process	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
brain development	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell population proliferation	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphorylation	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of endocytosis	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
sphingolipid biosynthetic process	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell growth	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migration	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein ubiquitination	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-1 beta production	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-17 production	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to tumor necrosis factor	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transduction	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesis	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
sphingosine biosynthetic process	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
sphingoid catabolic process	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of phagocytosis	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hydrogen peroxide	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA biosynthetic process	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuroinflammatory response	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of microglial cell activation	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of endosomal vesicle fusion	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to growth factor stimulus	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
G protein-coupled receptor binding	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor activity	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
sphingolipid binding	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid kinase activity	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
sphinganine kinase activity	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
small GTPase binding	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor activity	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
histone binding	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
magnesium ion binding	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid kinase activity	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid binding	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
sphinganine kinase activity	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
acetyltransferase activity	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor activity	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A binding	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nucleoplasm	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial inner membrane	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosomal membrane	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleosome	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
presynapse	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
clathrin-coated pit	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endocytic vesicle	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membrane	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
presynapse	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1660287	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in DSS-induced spleen swelling at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660273	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in stool bleeding at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge measured on day 43	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID196253	Immunosuppressive activity against skin allograft in F344 recipient (rat) from LEW donor (rat) at a concentration of 0.1 mg/kg	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-27, Volume: 43, Issue:15	Synthesis and immunosuppressive activity of 2-substituted 2-aminopropane-1,3-diols and 2-aminoethanols.
AID1660247	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in stool consistency score at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 m	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660298	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in DSS-induced mononuclear cell infiltration in spleen at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-chal	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID183610	Lymphocyte-decreasing effect against F344 rats.	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-27, Volume: 43, Issue:15	Synthesis and immunosuppressive activity of 2-substituted 2-aminopropane-1,3-diols and 2-aminoethanols.
AID1660326	Antiinflammatory activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in S1PR1 mRNA level at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg/k	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660337	Antiinflammatory activity in human THP1 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced TNFalpha mRNA level at 0.5 uM cotreated with 0.5 uM berberine incubated for 1 hr followed by LPS challenge and measured after 4 to 6 hrs by q-PCR method	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660286	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in DSS-induced colon swelling at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge cotreated with	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660334	Antiinflammatory activity in human THP1 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced IL6 mRNA level at 1 uM incubated for 1 hr followed by LPS challenge and measured after 4 to 6 hrs by q-PCR method	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660275	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in stool consistency score at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg/	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660299	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in DSS-induced mononuclear cell infiltration in spleen at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-cha	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID662675	Lymphopenic activity in C57BL/6 mouse assessed as reduction in blood lymphocytes after 4 to 8 weeks relative to control	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 22, Issue:12	Identification of benzoxazole analogs as novel, S1P(3) sparing S1P(1) agonists.
AID1660335	Antiinflammatory activity in human THP1 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced TNFalpha mRNA level at 1 uM incubated for 1 hr followed by LPS challenge and measured after 4 to 6 hrs by q-PCR method	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1677875	Prodrug conversion in rat blood assessed as SPHK1/SPHK2-mediated compound phosphorylation by measuring intrinsic clearance by LC-MS/MS analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-01, Volume: 28, Issue:21	Design and synthesis of analogues of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 agonist IMMH001 with improved phosphorylation rate in human blood.
AID1660243	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as effect on body weight at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge and measured after day 12 to day 18	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID628836	Half life in human	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Discovery and characterization of potent and selective 4-oxo-4-(5-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)indolin-1-yl)butanoic acids as S1P₁ agonists.
AID183445	T cell-decreasing effect in spleen cells of WKAH rat which were injected into foot-pad of LEW rat.	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-27, Volume: 43, Issue:15	Synthesis and immunosuppressive activity of 2-substituted 2-aminopropane-1,3-diols and 2-aminoethanols.
AID1660341	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in phosphorylated STAT3 level at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660253	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in disease activity index at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660331	Effect on total S1PR1 expression in DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge by Western blot analysis	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660282	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reversal of DSS-induced colon shortening at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID639286	Agonist activity at EGFP-tagged S1P1 receptor expressed in human UOS2 cells assessed as receptor internalization in endosomes at 3 uM after 60 mins relative to S1P	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	Novel immunomodulators based on an oxazolin-2-one-4-carboxamide scaffold.
AID1660255	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in DSS-induced colon shortening at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660249	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in stool bleeding scores at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS challenge and measured on day 19	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660288	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in DSS-induced spleen swelling at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660259	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in colon swelling at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg/kg berb	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660256	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in DSS-induced colon shortening at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge cotreated with	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660330	Effect on total STAT3 expression in DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge by Western blot analysis	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1677873	Prodrug conversion in rat blood assessed as SPHK1/SPHK2-mediated compound phosphorylation by measuring Vmax by LC-MS/MS analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-01, Volume: 28, Issue:21	Design and synthesis of analogues of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 agonist IMMH001 with improved phosphorylation rate in human blood.
AID1660297	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in DSS-induced inflammatory cell infiltration in colon at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-cha	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1677872	Prodrug conversion in human blood assessed as SPHK1/SPHK2-mediated compound phosphorylation by measuring Km by LC-MS/MS analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-01, Volume: 28, Issue:21	Design and synthesis of analogues of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 agonist IMMH001 with improved phosphorylation rate in human blood.
AID196255	Immunosuppressive activity against skin allograft in F344 recipient (rat) from LEW donor (rat) at a concentration of 1 mg/kg	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-27, Volume: 43, Issue:15	Synthesis and immunosuppressive activity of 2-substituted 2-aminopropane-1,3-diols and 2-aminoethanols.
AID1660310	Toxicity in DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as induction of abnormalities in heart at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg/kg berberine by hem	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID182934	In vivo immunosuppressive effect of compound was determined on host versus graft reaction (HvGR) using popliteal lymph node gain assay in rat	1998	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-06, Volume: 8, Issue:1	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,2-disubstituted 2-aminoethanols: analogues of FTY720.
AID1660285	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in DSS-induced colon swelling at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID637900	Immunosuppressant activity in Balb/C mouse assessed as decrease in circulating CD3+ T cells at 10 mg/kg, po measured after 30 mins by flow cytometric analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	Novel immunomodulators based on an oxazolin-2-one-4-carboxamide scaffold.
AID1660305	Toxicity in DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as induction of abnormalities in heart at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge by hematoxylin and eosin staining based l	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID639287	Agonist activity at EGFP-tagged S1P1 receptor expressed in human UOS2 cells assessed as receptor internalization in endosomes at 10 uM after 60 mins relative to S1P	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	Novel immunomodulators based on an oxazolin-2-one-4-carboxamide scaffold.
AID182789	Decrease in number of T cells in peripheral blood after administration for 4 days in rat	1998	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-06, Volume: 8, Issue:1	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,2-disubstituted 2-aminoethanols: analogues of FTY720.
AID196257	Immunosuppressive activity against skin allograft in F344 recipient (rat) from LEW donor (rat) at a concentration of 10 mg/kg; Toxic	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-27, Volume: 43, Issue:15	Synthesis and immunosuppressive activity of 2-substituted 2-aminopropane-1,3-diols and 2-aminoethanols.
AID1660283	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reversal of DSS-induced colon shortening at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge cotreated with	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660278	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in stool consistency score at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg/	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660269	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in stool consistency score at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge measured on day 24	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID639291	Immunosuppressant activity in Balb/C mouse assessed as decrease in circulating CD3+ T cells at 0.1 mg/kg, po measured after 30 mins by flow cytometric analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	Novel immunomodulators based on an oxazolin-2-one-4-carboxamide scaffold.
AID639292	Immunosuppressant activity in Balb/C mouse assessed as decrease in circulating CD3+ T cells at 0.3 mg/kg, po measured after 30 mins by flow cytometric analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	Novel immunomodulators based on an oxazolin-2-one-4-carboxamide scaffold.
AID1660314	Toxicity in DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as induction of abnormalities in lung at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg/kg berberine by hema	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660313	Toxicity in DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as induction of abnormalities in brain at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg/kg berberine by hem	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660294	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in DSS-induced inflammatory cell infiltration in colon at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-chal	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660339	Inhibition of STAT3 activation in human THP1 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced phosphorylated STAT3 expression at 0.5 uM cotreated with 0.5 uM berberine incubated for 1 hr followed by LPS challenge and measured after 4 to 6 hrs by Western blot an	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID639288	Cytotoxicity against HLF cells	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	Novel immunomodulators based on an oxazolin-2-one-4-carboxamide scaffold.
AID1660340	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in phosphorylated STAT3 level at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge by Western blot a	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660270	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in stool bleeding at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge measured on day 38	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660320	Antiinflammatory activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in TNFalpha mRNA level at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge by RT-qPCR analysis	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660321	Antiinflammatory activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in IL6 mRNA level at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge by RT-qPCR analysis	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID639285	Agonist activity at EGFP-tagged S1P1 receptor expressed in human UOS2 cells assessed as receptor internalization in endosomes after 60 mins	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	Novel immunomodulators based on an oxazolin-2-one-4-carboxamide scaffold.
AID183137	Lymphocyte-decreasing effect against F344 rats.	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-27, Volume: 43, Issue:15	Synthesis and immunosuppressive activity of 2-substituted 2-aminopropane-1,3-diols and 2-aminoethanols.
AID1660332	Effect on total STAT3 expression in DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg/kg berberine by Western blot analysis	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1677870	Prodrug conversion in human blood assessed as SPHK1/SPHK2-mediated compound phosphorylation by measuring intrinsic clearance by LC-MS/MS analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-01, Volume: 28, Issue:21	Design and synthesis of analogues of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 agonist IMMH001 with improved phosphorylation rate in human blood.
AID1660336	Antiinflammatory activity in human THP1 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced IL6 mRNA level at 0.5 uM cotreated with 0.5 uM berberine incubated for 1 hr followed by LPS challenge and measured after 4 to 6 hrs by q-PCR method	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660280	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in disease activity index at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg/k	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660250	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in stool bleeding score at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg/k	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660319	Antiinflammatory activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in IL17 mRNA level at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge by RT-qPCR analysis	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660323	Antiinflammatory activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in IL17 mRNA level at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg/kg	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660261	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in spleen swelling at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID196259	Immunosuppressive activity against skin allograft in F344 recipient (rat) from LEW donor (rat) at a concentration of 3 mg/kg	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-27, Volume: 43, Issue:15	Synthesis and immunosuppressive activity of 2-substituted 2-aminopropane-1,3-diols and 2-aminoethanols.
AID1660252	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in disease activity index at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS challenge and measured on day 1	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID196254	Immunosuppressive activity against skin allograft in F344 recipient (rat) from LEW donor (rat) at a concentration of 0.3 mg/kg	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-27, Volume: 43, Issue:15	Synthesis and immunosuppressive activity of 2-substituted 2-aminopropane-1,3-diols and 2-aminoethanols.
AID1660311	Toxicity in DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as induction of abnormalities in liver at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg/kg berberine by hem	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660272	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in stool consistency score at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge measured on day 43	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID183454	Immunosuppressive activity against LEW rats transfected with spleen cells of WKAH rat in Popliteal Lymph Node Gain Assay.	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-27, Volume: 43, Issue:15	Synthesis and immunosuppressive activity of 2-substituted 2-aminopropane-1,3-diols and 2-aminoethanols.
AID662674	Lymphopenic activity in C57BL/6 mouse assessed as reduction in blood lymphocytes relative to control	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 22, Issue:12	Identification of benzoxazole analogs as novel, S1P(3) sparing S1P(1) agonists.
AID1660295	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in DSS-induced multiple erosive lesions in colon at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660244	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as effect on body weight at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg/kg berberine	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660277	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in disease activity index at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg/k	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660292	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in DSS-induced multiple erosive lesions in colon at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660333	Effect on total S1PR1 expression in DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg/kg berberine by Western blot analysis	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660325	Antiinflammatory activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in IL6 mRNA level at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg/kg	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660274	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in disease activity index at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge and measured on day 43	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660312	Toxicity in DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as induction of abnormalities in kidney at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg/kg berberine by he	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660246	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in stool consistency scores at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS challenge and measured on day	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1677874	Prodrug conversion in rat blood assessed as SPHK1/SPHK2-mediated compound phosphorylation by measuring Km by LC-MS/MS analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-01, Volume: 28, Issue:21	Design and synthesis of analogues of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 agonist IMMH001 with improved phosphorylation rate in human blood.
AID1660271	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in disease activity index at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge and measured on day 24	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660322	Antiinflammatory activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in S1PR1 mRNA level at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge by RT-qPCR analysis	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660293	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in DSS-induced loss of colon crypt and columnar epithelium at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660262	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in spleen swelling at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg/kg ber	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660309	Toxicity in DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as induction of abnormalities in lung at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge by hematoxylin and eosin staining based li	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660276	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in stool bleeding at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg/kg berber	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660308	Toxicity in DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as induction of abnormalities in brain at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge by hematoxylin and eosin staining based l	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID637899	Immunosuppressant activity in Balb/C mouse assessed as decrease in circulating CD3+ T cells at 3 mg/kg, po measured after 30 mins by flow cytometric analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	Novel immunomodulators based on an oxazolin-2-one-4-carboxamide scaffold.
AID1660338	Inhibition of STAT3 activation in human THP1 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced phosphorylated STAT3 expression at 1 uM incubated for 1 hr followed by LPS challenge and measured after 4 to 6 hrs by Western blot analysis	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID637898	Immunosuppressant activity in Balb/C mouse assessed as decrease in circulating CD3+ T cells at 1 mg/kg, po measured after 30 mins by flow cytometric analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	Novel immunomodulators based on an oxazolin-2-one-4-carboxamide scaffold.
AID1660279	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in stool bleeding at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 mg/kg berber	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660306	Toxicity in DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as induction of abnormalities in liver at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge by hematoxylin and eosin staining based l	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660296	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in DSS-induced loss of colon crypt and columnar epithelium at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660307	Toxicity in DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic relapsing colitis assessed as induction of abnormalities in kidney at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 30 days starting from day 13 post DSS-challenge by hematoxylin and eosin staining based	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1677871	Prodrug conversion in human blood assessed as SPHK1/SPHK2-mediated compound phosphorylation by measuring Vmax by LC-MS/MS analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-01, Volume: 28, Issue:21	Design and synthesis of analogues of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 agonist IMMH001 with improved phosphorylation rate in human blood.
AID1660324	Antiinflammatory activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in TNFalpha mRNA level at 0.15 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge cotreated with 20 m	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
AID1660258	Anti-colitis activity against DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model of subchronic relapsing colitis assessed as reduction in colon swelling at 0.3 mg/kg, po administered once daily for 14 days starting from day 5 post DSS-challenge	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Combined Natural Alkaloid Berberine and S1PR Modulator Fingolimod at Low Doses in Ulcerative Colitis Preclinical Models.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	56 (2.08)	18.2507
2000's	478 (17.75)	29.6817
2010's	1535 (57.00)	24.3611
2020's	624 (23.17)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	157 (5.67%)	5.53%
Reviews	380 (13.71%)	6.00%
Case Studies	227 (8.19%)	4.05%
Observational	98 (3.54%)	0.25%
Other	1,909 (68.89%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (96)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A 4-month, Open-label, Multi-center Study to Explore Tolerability and Safety and Health Outcomes of FTY720 in Patients With Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis [NCT01127750]	Phase 3	2,417 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-31	Completed
Long-term, Prospective,Multinational, Parallel-cohort Study Monitoring Safety in Patients With MS Newly Started With Fingolimod Once Daily or Treated With Another Approved Disease-modifying Therapy [NCT01442194]		3,076 participants (Actual)	Observational	2011-08-01	Completed
A 6-month, Randomized, Active Comparator, Open-label, Multi-Center Study to Evaluate Patient Outcomes, Safety and Tolerability of Fingolimod (FTY720) 0.5 mg/Day in Patients With Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Who Are Candidates for MS Therapy Chan [NCT01317004]	Phase 4	61 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Completed
A Randomized, Single Dose, Crossover, Bioequivalence Study of Fingolimod 0.5 mg Capsule (Asofarma S.A.I. y C., Argentina) Compared With Gilenya 0.5 mg Capsule (Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Australia Pty Ltd) in Fasting Healthy Subjects [NCT03757338]	Phase 1	33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-23	Completed
A 6-month Multicenter, Single-arm, Open-label Study to Investigate Changes in Biomarkers After Initiation of Treatment With 0.5 mg Fingolimod (FTY720) in Patients With Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis [NCT01310166]	Phase 4	447 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-02-28	Completed
A Long Term, Multicenter, Non-interventional, Observational Study Monitoring Long-term Safety and Effectiveness of Fingolimod 0.5 mg in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Who Have Participated in the Fingolimod Clinical Development Program [NCT01281657]		64 participants (Actual)	Observational	2011-02-28	Completed
Czech Pharmaco-epidemiological Real World Data Study Focused on Effectiveness of Different Disease Modifying Drugs [NCT05762003]		17,478 participants (Actual)	Observational	2019-01-01	Completed
A 32-week, Monocentric, Exploratory, Single Arm Study to Assess Immune Function and MRI Disease Activity in Patients With RRMS Transferred From Previous Treatment With Natalizumab to Gilenya® (Fingolimod) [NCT02325440]	Phase 4	15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-03-31	Recruiting
Prevention of Paclitaxel-Associated Neuropathy With Fingolimod: a Pilot Trial [NCT03941743]	Phase 1	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-12-12	Completed
A Randomised Controlled Trial of Combinating an Immune Modulator Fingolimod With Alteplase Bridging With Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke [NCT04675762]	Phase 2	118 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-15	Recruiting
An Investigator-initiated, Multicenter, Phase IV, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Biological Basis for Disease Progression in Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated in Routine Practice With Gilenya for 2 Years [NCT02137707]		135 participants (Actual)	Observational	2012-11-30	Completed
A Phase 2, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate Fingolimod for the Abrogation of Interstitial Fibrosis and Tubular Atrophy Following Kidney Transplantation [NCT05285878]	Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-28	Enrolling by invitation
Evaluating the Effect of Fingolimod With Fish Oil Compared to Fingolimod With Placebo on Tumor Necrosis Factor-α , Interleukin1b , Interleukin6, and Interferon-gamma in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis [NCT02939079]	Phase 2/Phase 3	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-30	Completed
A 12-Month, Prospective, Multicenter, Two-cohort, Nonrandomized, Open-label Study in Adult Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (RMS), to Investigate Changes in Immune Phenotype Biomarkers After Treatment With 0.5mg Fingolimod [FLUENT] [NCT03257358]	Phase 4	382 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-19	Completed
A Multicentric Randomized PRAGmatic Trial to Compare the Effectiveness of Fingolimod Versus Dimethyl-Fumarate on Patient Overall Disease Experience in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Novel Data to Inform Decision-makers [NCT03345940]	Phase 4	55 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-30	Terminated(stopped due to termination of the study due to the slowness of the recruitment activity, according to the contract signed with the Sponsor)
A 24-month, Open-label, Prospective, Multicenter Interventional, Single-arm Study Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Fingolimod (Gilenya) 0.5 mg in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (RMS) Patients in China [NCT04667949]	Phase 4	98 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-02-20	Active, not recruiting
Efficacy of Fingolimod in the Treatment of New Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) [NCT04280588]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-02-22	Withdrawn(stopped due to No participants enrolled)
A Double-blind, Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of 0.5mg Fingolimod Administered Orally Once Daily Versus Placebo in Patients With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis and An Open-label [NCT00731692]	Phase 3	970 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-07-28	Terminated(stopped due to The extension study was terminated early after the results of the core study showed the study did not meet primary endpoint; confirmed disability progression)
A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Parallel, Time-lagged, Ascending, Multi-centre, Multiple-dose Study to Measure the Magnitude and Time Course of the Effect of FTY720 on FEV1 and Other Pulmonary Function Tests (FVC, FEF25-75%, and FEV1/FVC) [NCT00785083]	Phase 2	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Completed
Assessing Induction of Type II (M2) Monocytes/Macrophages in Patients Receiving Gilenya. [NCT02225977]		125 participants (Actual)	Observational	2013-07-31	Completed
A 18-month, Open-label, Rater-blinded, Randomized, Multi-center, Active-controlled, Parallel-group Pilot Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Fingolimod in Comparison to Interferon Beta 1b in Treating the Cognitive Symptoms Associated to Relapsing-remit [NCT01333501]	Phase 4	151 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Completed
A Phase 1 Clinical Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of Oral Fingolimod (FTY720) in Children With Rett Syndrome. [NCT02061137]	Phase 1/Phase 2	6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Study to Assess the Impact of Natalizumab Versus Fingolimod on Central Nervous System Tissue Damage and Recovery in Active Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Subjects [NCT02342704]	Phase 4	111 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-11-30	Terminated(stopped due to Business Decision)
[NCT02193217]	Phase 1	81 participants (Actual)	Interventional		Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Fingolimod in Minimal Invasive Treatment of Intracerebral Hemorrhage [NCT06087965]	Phase 1/Phase 2	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-11	Not yet recruiting
Combinating Fingolimod With Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke [NCT04629872]	Phase 2	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-11-12	Recruiting
Fingolimod for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Pilot, Prospective, Randomized, and Open Label Single-center Study [NCT05307731]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-15	Recruiting
A Phase III Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy Study To Evaluate Safety And Efficacy Of Ocrelizumab In Comparison With Fingolimod In Children And Adolescents With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis [NCT05123703]	Phase 3	233 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-02-04	Recruiting
Pregnancy Outcomes in Women Exposed to Diroximel Fumarate [NCT05688436]		1,178 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2021-09-24	Recruiting
A 12-month Double-blind, Randomized, Multicenter, Active-controlled, Parallel-group Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of 0.5 mg and 1.25 mg Fingolimod (FTY720) Administered Orally Once Daily Versus Interferon ß-1a (Avonex) Administered im Once Weekl [NCT00340834]	Phase 3	1,292 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-05-31	Completed
A 24-month, Double-blind, Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Fingolimod 1.25 mg and 0.5 mg Administered Orally Once Daily Versus Placebo in Patients With Relapsing-remitting Multiple Scle [NCT00289978]	Phase 3	1,272 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-01-31	Completed
An Open-label, Single-dose, Parallel-group Study to Compare the Pharmacokinetics of FTY720 and Metabolites in Subjects With Severe Renal Impairment With That in Matched Healthy Control Subjects [NCT00731523]	Phase 1	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-07-31	Completed
An Extension of the 6-month, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study Comparing Efficacy and Safety of FTY720 0.5 mg and 1.25 mg Administered Orally Once Daily in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis [NCT00670449]	Phase 2	143 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-04-30	Completed
An Extension of the 24-month, Double-blind, Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Fingolimod (FTY720) 1.25 mg and 0.5 mg Administered Orally Once Daily Versus Placebo in Patients With Relapsing- [NCT00662649]	Phase 3	920 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-02-29	Completed
A 4-month, Prospective, Open-label, Multi-center Phase IV Study to Assess Response to Fingolimod Initiation According to Coping Profile in Adult Patients With Highly Active Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in France [NCT01420055]	Phase 4	189 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Completed
A 6-month, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study Comparing Efficacy and Safety of FTY720 0.5 mg and 1.25 mg Administered Orally Once Daily in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis [NCT00537082]	Phase 2	171 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-09-30	Completed
24-month Double-blind, Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of 0.5 mg and 1.25 mg Fingolimod (FTY720) Administered Orally Once Daily Versus Placebo in Patients With Relapsing-remitting Multipl [NCT00355134]	Phase 3	1,083 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-06-30	Completed
Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability and Effect on MRI Lesion Parameters of FTY720 vs Placebo in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Including 18 Month Extension Phase [NCT00333138]	Phase 2	281 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-05-31	Completed
A 12 Month Study, With a 6-month, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Multi-center Parallel- Groups, Treatment Phase Evaluating Efficacy and Safety of Fingolimod 0.5 mg and a 6-month, Open-label, Treatment Phase, in Chinese Patients With Relapsi [NCT01941004]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-06-30	Withdrawn
A Two-year Extension to a One-year, Multicenter, Partially Blinded, Double Dummy, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of FTY720 Combined With Reduced-dose or Full-dose Cyclosporine, USP [Modified] (Novartis Brand) and Corticosteroids Vers [NCT00239811]	Phase 3	684 participants	Interventional	2004-04-30	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of FTY720 for the Treatment of Acute Stroke [NCT02002390]	Phase 2	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-10-31	Completed
Treatment of Established Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy With Fingolimod: A Pilot Trial [NCT03943498]	Early Phase 1	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-05-24	Completed
A 3-month Blinded, Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Effect of Treatment With Fingolimod on the Immune Response Following Seasonal Influenza Vaccination and Tetanus Toxoid Booster Injection in Patients With Relapsing Forms [NCT01199861]	Phase 3	138 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-08-31	Completed
Determining the Effectiveness of earLy Intensive Versus Escalation Approaches for the Treatment of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis [NCT03535298]	Phase 4	800 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-01-03	Recruiting
An Open Label Randomized, Single Dose, Two-way Crossover Bioequivalence Study to Determine the Bioequivalence of Fingolimod From Sphingomod 0.5 mg Hard Gelatin Capsules (Hikma Pharma, Egypt) Versus Gilenya 0.5 mg Hard Capsules (Novartis Pharma AG, Basle, [NCT04657744]	Phase 1	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-08-10	Completed
A 6-month, Randomized, Active Comparator, Open-label, Multi-Center Study to Evaluate Patient OutComes, Safety and Tolerability of Fingolimod (FTY720) 0.5 mg/Day in Patients With Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis Who Are Candidates for MS Therapy Chang [NCT01216072]	Phase 4	1,053 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-08-31	Completed
A 2-year Randomized, 3-arm, Double-blind, Non-inferiority Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Ofatumumab and Siponimod Versus Fingolimod in Pediatric Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Followed by an Open-label Extension [NCT04926818]	Phase 3	180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-10-05	Recruiting
A Randomised Controlled Trial of Combinating an Immune Modulator Fingolimod With Alteplase Bridging With Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke [NCT02956200]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Withdrawn
Impact of Fingolimod Adherence on Outcomes [NCT05141669]		694 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-05-18	Completed
A 2 Year, Double-blind, Randomized, Multicenter, Active-controlled Core Phase to Evaluate Safety & Efficacy of Daily Fingolimod vs Weekly Interferon β-1a im in Pediatric Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and 5 Year Fingolimod Extension Phase [NCT01892722]	Phase 3	220 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-07-26	Recruiting
A Pragmatic Trial to Evaluate the Intermediate-term Effects of Early, Aggressive Versus Escalation Therapy in People With Multiple Sclerosis [NCT03500328]		900 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-05-02	Recruiting
FINGORHYMS - Effects of Fingolimod on Heart Rhythm and Heart Rate Variability in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis [NCT03216915]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2013-06-01	Recruiting
A One-year, Multicenter, Partially Blinded, Double-dummy, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of FTY720 Combined With Reduced-dose or Full-dose Cyclosporine, USP [Modified] (Novartis Brand) and Corticosteroids Versus Mycophenolate Mofetil [NCT00239785]	Phase 3	684 participants	Interventional	2003-04-30	Completed
A Two-year Extension to a One-year, Multicenter, Partially Blinded, Double-dummy, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of FTY720 Combined With Reduced-dose or Full-dose Cyclosporine, USP [Modified] (Novartis Brand) and Corticosteroids Vers [NCT00239863]	Phase 3	684 participants	Interventional	2004-05-31	Completed
Two-year Extension of a One-year, Multicenter, Randomized, Partially-blinded Study of the Safety and Efficacy of FTY720 Combined With Corticosteroids and Full or Reduced-dose Cyclosporine, USP [Modified] (Novartis Brand) in de Novo Adult Renal Transplant [NCT00239902]	Phase 2	396 participants	Interventional	2002-05-31	Completed
Safety and Efficacy of FTY720 in Adult Patients Who Receive a Kidney Transplant [NCT00099801]	Phase 3	0 participants	Interventional	2005-01-31	Completed
A Randomized, Parallel Group, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, 14 Days Multiple-dose Treatment to Assess the Pulmonary and Cardiac Pharmacodynamics of FTY720 (0.5 and 1.25 mg) in Healthy Volunteers [NCT00416845]	Phase 1	39 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-10-31	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of FTY720 in Patients Who Receive a Kidney Transplantation [NCT00098735]	Phase 3	140 participants	Interventional	2004-04-30	Completed
Safety and Efficacy of FTY720 in Adult Patients Who Receive a Kidney Transplant [NCT00099749]	Phase 2/Phase 3	255 participants	Interventional	2003-11-30	Completed
The Multi-National Gilenya Pregnancy Exposure Registry in Multiple Sclerosis [NCT01285479]		500 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2011-10-15	Recruiting
A Single Arm, Open-label, Multicenter Study Evaluating the Long-term Safety and Tolerability of 0.5 mg Fingolimod (FTY720) Administered Orally Once Daily in Patients With Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis [NCT01201356]	Phase 3	4,125 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-13	Completed
An Open-Label, Balanced, Randomized, 2-Treatment, 2-Sequence, 2-Period, Single Dose, Crossover Oral Bioequivalence Study of Two Formulations of Fingolimod Capsules (3 x 0.5 mg) in Healthy Adult Human Subjects Under Fasting Conditions [NCT05145621]	Phase 1	26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-29	Completed
Pharmacogenetic Investigation of Susceptibility to Liver Toxicity in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Fingolimod [NCT05516303]		65 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2022-06-07	Recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of FTY720 in Patients Who Receive a Kidney Transplant [NCT00099736]	Phase 3	696 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-05-07	Completed
Long-term Follow up of Patients With Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis Enrolled in the Multicenter, Single-arm, Open-label Biobank Study (CFTY720DDE01), to Investigate Changes in Biomarkers After 48 Months of Treatment With 0.5 mg Fingolimod (FTY720) [NCT02720107]	Phase 4	133 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-12	Completed
Safety and Effectiveness of Generic Fingolimod (Sphingomod®, Hikma) in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in Egypt [NCT05423769]		30 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2022-01-19	Active, not recruiting
A 24-month Extension of a One-year, Multicenter, Double Blinded Double Dummy, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Two Doses of FTY720 Combined With Full-dose Cyclosporine, USP [Modified] (Novartis Brand) and Steroids Versus Mycophenola [NCT00239798]	Phase 2	255 participants	Interventional	2004-11-30	Completed
A Two-year Extension to a One-year, Multicenter, Open-label, Randomised Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of FTY720 Combined With Tacrolimus and Steroids Versus Mycophenolate Mofetyl Combined With Tacrolimus and Steroids, in de Novo Adult Renal Tr [NCT00239876]	Phase 3	140 participants	Interventional	2005-05-31	Completed
Revascularization Pretreated With Fingolimod in Acute Stroke [NCT04718064]		20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-02-01	Not yet recruiting
A 12-month, Open-label, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Fingolimod in the Treatment of Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients With Neutralizing Antibodies to Interferon Beta [NCT01621269]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-06-30	Withdrawn
Phase II/III Study to Investigate the Effects of Fingolimod Versus Interferon Beta-1b on Visual Recovery After Optic Neuritis [NCT01647880]	Phase 2/Phase 3	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Terminated(stopped due to delayed recruitment)
A 48-week, Double-blind, Randomized, Multi-center, Parallel-group Study Comparing Structural Changes in the Retina and Evolution of Visual Function After Immediate Versus Delayed Treatment With Fingolimod in Patients With Acute Demyelinating Optic Neuriti [NCT01757691]	Phase 2	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Terminated(stopped due to Discontinuation of this study was based on Novartis decision to discontinue development of fingolimod for the treatment of ADON)
The Long-term Effect of Fingolimod on Circulating Immunocompetent Mononuclear Cells in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis [NCT01755871]	Phase 4	8 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to lack of recruitment)
A 6-month, Randomized, Active Comparator, Open-label, Multi-Center Study to Evaluate Patient Outcomes, Safety and Tolerability of (Fingolimod) 0.5 mg/Day in Patients With Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Who Are Candidates for Multiple Sclerosis (MS [NCT01534182]	Phase 4	298 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Completed
A 12-month, Prospective, Multi-center Post-authorization Commitment (PAC) Study Monitoring Safety in Adult Patients With Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis Newly Initiated on Gilenya (Fingolimod) in Taiwan (SPRING) [NCT04480853]	Phase 4	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-10-12	Recruiting
COMparison Between All immunoTherapies for Multiple Sclerosis. An Observational Long-term Prospective Cohort Study of Safety, Efficacy and Patient's Satisfaction of MS Disease Modulatory Treatments in Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis [NCT03193866]		3,526 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2017-06-02	Active, not recruiting
A Multicenter, Randomized, Active-controlled Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of FTY720 in Patients With Acute, Noninfectious Intermediate, Posterior and Pan Uveitis [NCT01791192]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Withdrawn
Effects of Fingolimod (Gilenya®) on Cytokine and Chemokine Levels in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients [NCT02373098]	Phase 4	126 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-03-31	Completed
Phase IIa Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety of Oral Fingolimod in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) [NCT01786174]	Phase 2	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Fingolimod in Schizophrenia Patients Who Have Suboptimal Responses to Antipsychotic Drug Treatment [NCT01779700]	Phase 2	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Completed
A 1-week, Open-label, Multi-center Study to Explore Conduction Abnormalities During First Dose Administration of Fingolimod in Patients With Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis [NCT01585298]	Phase 4	6,998 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-04-29	Completed
Effect of Fingolimod on Neurodegeneration, Brain Atrophy and Cognitive Impairment in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients [NCT02575365]	Phase 4	4 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-16	Terminated(stopped due to The trial was terminated due to low enrollment.)
A Double-blind, Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Fingolimod 0.5 mg Administered Orally Once Daily Versus Placebo in Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneurop [NCT01625182]	Phase 3	106 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-12-22	Completed
A 32-week, Patient- and Rater-blinded, Randomized, Multi-center, Parallel-group Study to Evaluate Disease Control and Safety in Patients With Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Transferred From Previous Treatment With Natalizumab to Fingolimod (FTY720 [NCT01499667]	Phase 3	142 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to Based on recent publications, determination of natalizumub washout period was no longer relevant.)
A Multi-centre, Open-label, Non-randomised, Parallel Group Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Fingolimod in Naive Patients Versus Fingolimod in Patients Previously Treated With Interferons or Glatiramer Acetate, Based on the Presence of Relapses in [NCT01498887]	Phase 4	347 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-12-24	Completed
A 21-week, Multicenter, Open Label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability Profile of the Combination of a SSRI or SNRI Antidepressive Therapy With Oral Fingolimod in the Treatment of RRMS Patients With Mild to Moderate Depression [NCT01436643]	Phase 4	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-11-30	Terminated(stopped due to Due to slow enrollment the study was terminated early)
A Safety Study of Fingolimod With Radiation and Temozolomide in Newly Diagnosed High Grade Glioma [NCT02490930]	Early Phase 1	5 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
A 3-year Multi-center Study to Describe the Long Term Changes of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Parameters in Patients Under Treatment With Gilenya® [NCT01705236]	Phase 4	87 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-08-20	Completed
A 12 -Month, Open-label, Multi-center Pilot Study to Explore the Health Outcomes of FTY720 in RRMS Patients Who Have Previously Been Treated With Other Disease Modifying Therapies (DMT)- Fine [NCT01578330]	Phase 4	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-10-31	Completed
A 4-month, Open-label, Multi-center Study to Explore the Safety and Tolerability of Fingolimod 0.5 mg in Patients With Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis [NCT01497262]	Phase 3	162 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-02-29	Completed
A 12-month, Prospective, Randomized, Active-controlled, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Patient Retention of Fingolimod vs. Approved First-line Disease Modifying Therapies in Adults With Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (PREFERMS) [NCT01623596]	Phase 4	881 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-06-08	Completed
Funktionelle Evaluation Des Autonomen Nervensystems im Zusammenhang Mit Der Erstmaligen Einnahme Von 0,5mg Fingolimod (Gilenya) Bei Patienten Mit schubförmig Verlaufender Multipler Sklerose [NCT02048072]	Phase 4	33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Completed
STATURE: A Prospective Observational Study of the relationShip beTween Oral DMT bURden and adhErence in People With MS [NCT04676204]		323 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2020-09-25	Enrolling by invitation
Fingolimod as a Treatment of Cerebral Edema After Intracerebral Hemorrhage [NCT04088630]	Early Phase 1	28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-08-07	Active, not recruiting
Long-term, Open-label, Multicenter Study Assessing Long-term Cardiovascular Risks in Patients Treated With Fingolimod [NCT02232061]	Phase 4	6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-29	Completed
A 12-month, Randomized, Rater- and Dose-blinded Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Fingolimod 0.25 mg and 0.5 mg Administered Orally Once Daily With Glatiramer Acetate 20 mg Administered Subcutaneously Once Daily in Patients With Relapsing-remitt [NCT01633112]	Phase 3	1,064 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-08-09	Terminated(stopped due to slow recruitment)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00289978 (3) [back to overview]	Estimated Annualized Aggregate Relapse Rate (ARR)
NCT00289978 (3) [back to overview]	Number of New or Newly Enlarged T2 Lesions at Month 24 in Comparison With Baseline
NCT00289978 (3) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients Free of Disability Progression at Month 24 Assessed With the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)
NCT00333138 (11) [back to overview]	Mean Number of Gadolinium (Gd)-Enhanced T1-weighted Lesions at Month 6 (Core)
NCT00333138 (11) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Free of T1-weighted Lesions
NCT00333138 (11) [back to overview]	Mean Trough Blood Concentrations of FTY720
NCT00333138 (11) [back to overview]	Mean Number of New T2-weighted Lesions
NCT00333138 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Volume of Total T2-weighted Lesions
NCT00333138 (11) [back to overview]	Mean Number of Gadolinium (Gd)-Enhanced T1-weighted Lesions at Month 60
NCT00333138 (11) [back to overview]	Mean Number of Gadolinium (Gd)-Enhanced T1-weighted Lesions at Month 12
NCT00333138 (11) [back to overview]	Mean Number of Gadolinium (Gd)-Enhanced T1-weighted Lesions at End of Study
NCT00333138 (11) [back to overview]	Volume of T2-weighted Lesions
NCT00333138 (11) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients Free of Gd-enhanced T1-weighted and New T2- Weighted Lesions by Visit
NCT00333138 (11) [back to overview]	Time to Event Analysis: Kaplan Meier Estimates of Percentage of Relapse-free Patients
NCT00340834 (6) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Free of 3-month and 6-month Disability Progression Assessed With the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at the End of the Extension Phase of the Study
NCT00340834 (6) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Free of 3-month Disability Progression Assessed With the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at the End of the Core Phase of the Study
NCT00340834 (6) [back to overview]	Estimated Annualized Aggregate Relapse Rate (ARR) in the Core Phase of the Study
NCT00340834 (6) [back to overview]	Number of New or Newly Enlarged T2 Lesions in Comparison With Baseline in the Core Phase of the Study
NCT00340834 (6) [back to overview]	Estimated Annualized Aggregate Relapse Rate (ARR) in the Core and Extension Phases of the Study
NCT00340834 (6) [back to overview]	Number of New or Newly Enlarged T2 Lesions in the Extension Phase of the Study
NCT00355134 (11) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Free of 6-month Confirmed Disability Progression at Month 24 and End of Study
NCT00355134 (11) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Free of 3-month Confirmed Disability Progression at Month 24 and End of Study
NCT00355134 (11) [back to overview]	Percent Change From Baseline in Brain Volume
NCT00355134 (11) [back to overview]	Number of New or Newly Enlarged T2 Lesions
NCT00355134 (11) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Relapse-free up to Month 24
NCT00355134 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Gadolinium-enhanced T1 Lesions
NCT00355134 (11) [back to overview]	Aggregate Annualized Relapse Rate (ARR) Estimate up to End of Study
NCT00355134 (11) [back to overview]	Aggregate Annualized Relapse Rate (ARR) Estimate up to Month 24
NCT00355134 (11) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Relapse-free up to End of Study
NCT00355134 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Lesion Volume at Month 24 (Core Phase)
NCT00355134 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) Z-score
NCT00537082 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Free of New or Newly Enlarged T2 Lesions
NCT00537082 (4) [back to overview]	Annualized Relapse Rate (ARR) at 6 Months
NCT00537082 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Free of Gadolinium-enhanced T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Lesions at Both Month 3 and Month 6
NCT00537082 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Free of MS Relapse up to Month 6 (Confirmed Relapse Only)
NCT00662649 (9) [back to overview]	Annualized Aggregate Relapse Rate (ARR) During Months 0 to End of Study(Core [CFTY720D2301/NCT00289978] and Extension Study)
NCT00662649 (9) [back to overview]	Change (Expressed as Ratio) in the Annualized Aggregate Relapse Rate (ARR) From Months 0-24 (Core Study) to Months 24-48 (Extension Study)
NCT00662649 (9) [back to overview]	Percent Change in Brain Volume From Month 0 End of Study (Core and Extension Study)
NCT00662649 (9) [back to overview]	Time to First 3-month Confirmed Disability Progression up to End of Study Based on Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): Kaplan-Meier Estimate of Percentage of Patients Free of Disability Progression
NCT00662649 (9) [back to overview]	Annualized Aggregate Relapse Rate (ARR) During Months 0-24 (Core Study) and Months 24-48 (Extension Study)
NCT00662649 (9) [back to overview]	Change in Mean Number of New or Newly Enlarged T2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Lesions During Months 0-24 (Core Study) and Months 24-48 (Extension Study)
NCT00662649 (9) [back to overview]	Percent Change in Brain Volume From Month 0 to Month 24 (Core Study) and From Month 24 to Month 48 (Extension Study)
NCT00662649 (9) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients Free of New or Newly Enlarged T2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Lesions During Months 0-24 (Core Study) and Months 24-48 (Extension Study)
NCT00662649 (9) [back to overview]	Time to First Confirmed Relapse up to End of Study: Kaplan-Meier Estimate of Percentage of Patients Relapse-free
NCT00670449 (6) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients Relapse-free at the End of the Study
NCT00670449 (6) [back to overview]	Aggregate Annualized Relapse Rate (ARR) Based on Confirmed Relapses
NCT00670449 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Core Study Baseline in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) Score
NCT00670449 (6) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients Free From 3-month and 6-month Confirmed Disability Progression at Their Last Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) Assessment
NCT00670449 (6) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients Free of Gd-enhanced T1 Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Lesions
NCT00670449 (6) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients Free of New or Newly Enlarged T2 Weighted MRI Lesions
NCT00731692 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12 Score)
NCT00731692 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in PRIMUS-Activities
NCT00731692 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Patient Reported Indices in Multiple Sclerosis (PRIMUS-QoL Score)
NCT00731692 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Unidimensional Fatigue Impact (U-FIS) Score
NCT00731692 (15) [back to overview]	Change in MSFC Z-score and Subscale Scores From Baseline to Month 36
NCT00731692 (15) [back to overview]	Kaplan Meier Estimate -Percentage of Participants With 3- Month Confirmed Disability Progression Based on 25' TWT.
NCT00731692 (15) [back to overview]	Kaplan Meier Estimate -Percentage of Participants With 3- Month Confirmed Disability Progression Based on 9-HPT.
NCT00731692 (15) [back to overview]	Kaplan-Meier Estimate of the Risk of 3- Month Confirmed Disability Progression Based on Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)
NCT00731692 (15) [back to overview]	Kaplan-Meier Estimate of the Risk of 3-month Confirmed Disability Progression Based on Composite Endpoint
NCT00731692 (15) [back to overview]	Number of Gd-enhancing Lesions at Month 36
NCT00731692 (15) [back to overview]	Number of New/Enlarging T2 Lesions Per Year Measured From Baseline to Month 36
NCT00731692 (15) [back to overview]	Percent Change From Baseline in Brain Volume at Month 36
NCT00731692 (15) [back to overview]	Percent Change in Total T2 Lesion Volume From Baseline to Month 36
NCT00731692 (15) [back to overview]	Blood Concentrations of Fingolimod and Fingolimod-phosphate
NCT00731692 (15) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life - 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D Score)
NCT01199861 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT01199861 (7) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Antibody-titer 6 Weeks After Vaccination
NCT01199861 (7) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Antibody-titer 3 Weeks After Vaccination
NCT01199861 (7) [back to overview]	Immune Response 6 Weeks After Tetanus Toxoid Booster
NCT01199861 (7) [back to overview]	Immune Response 6 Weeks After Seasonal Influenza Vaccination
NCT01199861 (7) [back to overview]	Immune Response 3 Weeks After Tetanus Toxoid Booster
NCT01199861 (7) [back to overview]	Immune Response 3 Weeks After Seasonal Influenza Vaccination
NCT01201356 (11) [back to overview]	Part I: Number of Participants With Categorized Change From First Dose of Fingolimod in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) Overall Score
NCT01201356 (11) [back to overview]	Parts I and II: Number of Participants With Adverse Events, Serious Adverse Event, and Death
NCT01201356 (11) [back to overview]	Part I: Percent Brain Volume Change (PBVC) Relative to First Dose of Fingolimod
NCT01201356 (11) [back to overview]	Part I: Number of Participants With Relapses (Confirmed and Unconfirmed) From First Dose of Fingolimod
NCT01201356 (11) [back to overview]	Part I: Number of Participants With Confirmed 6-month Disability Progression After First Dose of Fingolimod
NCT01201356 (11) [back to overview]	Part I: Change From First Dose of Fingolimod in Total T2 Lesions Volume
NCT01201356 (11) [back to overview]	Part I: Change From First Dose of Fingolimod in Total T1 Hypointense Lesions Volume
NCT01201356 (11) [back to overview]	Part I: Change From First Dose of Fingolimod in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)
NCT01201356 (11) [back to overview]	Part I: Annualized Rate of Brain Atrophy (ARBA) Relative to First Dose of Fingolimod
NCT01201356 (11) [back to overview]	Part I: Aggregate Annualized Relapse Rates (ARR) From First Dose of Fingolimod
NCT01201356 (11) [back to overview]	Part I: Annualized Rates of New or Newly Enlarging T2 Lesions (ARneT2) Compared With First Dose of Fingolimod
NCT01216072 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Patient-reported Effectiveness Subscale Using the TSQM v1.4
NCT01216072 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Patient-reported Convenience Subscale Using the TSQM v1.4
NCT01216072 (10) [back to overview]	Physician-reported Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I)
NCT01216072 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Experienced Adverse Events, Serious Adverse Events and Death
NCT01216072 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Patient-reported Health-related Quality-of-life Using the Short Form Health Survey v2 Standard (SF-36 v2)
NCT01216072 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Patient-reported Fatigue Using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)
NCT01216072 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Patient-reported Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Using the Multiple Sclerosis Activities Scale (PRIMUS-Activities) at Month 6
NCT01216072 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Patient-reported Depression Using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II)
NCT01216072 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Patient-reported Side Effects Subscale Using the TSQM v1.4
NCT01216072 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Global Satisfaction Subscale of the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) at Month 6
NCT01317004 (7) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Patient-reported Depression
NCT01317004 (7) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Patient-reported Fatigue
NCT01317004 (7) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Patient-reported Treatment Satisfaction
NCT01317004 (7) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Patient-Reported Effectiveness and Convenience
NCT01317004 (7) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Patient-reported Health Related Quality of Life (QOL)
NCT01317004 (7) [back to overview]	Physician-reported Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I)
NCT01317004 (7) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Patient-reported Activities of Daily Living (ADL)
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Screening in the Number of T1 Gd+ Enhancing Lesions
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Changes in Quality of Life, by Means of the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life (MSQoL-54)
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Screening in Spatial Recall Test - Delayed Recall (SPART-D)
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Screening in DKEFS Condition 2: Sort Recognition, Sort Recognition Description Score- Card Set 1+2
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Screening in DKEFS Condition 1: Free Sorting, Free Sorting, Description Score, Card Set 1+2
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Screening in Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS) Condition 1: Free Sorting, Confirmed Correct Sort- Card Set 1+2
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Screening in the Number of New T2 Lesions
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Screening in Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) Raw Score
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Screening in Spatial Recall Test (SPART) Raw Score
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Screening in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Screening in Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test - 2 (PASAT 2) Raw Score
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Screening in Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test - 3 Seconds (PASAT 3) Raw Score
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Screening in Selective Reminding Test - Consistent Long Term Retrieval (SRT-CLTR) Raw Score
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Screening in Selective Reminding Test - Long-Term Storage (SRT-LTS) Raw Score
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Screening in Selective Reminding Test - Delayed Recall (SRT-D) Raw Score
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Changes in the Environmental Status Scale Score (ESS)
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Changes From Baseline in Fatigue Impact Scale (mFIS, Total Score and Scores of the 3 Individual Domains).
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Screening in Word List Generation (WLG)
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Screening in the Volume of Total T2 Lesions
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Screening in the Volume of Total T1 Hypointense Lesions
NCT01333501 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Screening in the Percentage of Brain Volume Change
NCT01436643 (1) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Experienced Adverse Events, Serious Adverse Events and Death
NCT01497262 (2) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adverse Events as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability
NCT01497262 (2) [back to overview]	Number (%) of Patients With AE of Special Interest Including Bradyarrhythmia, BP Increase, Liver Transaminase Elevations, Infections , Macula Oedema.
NCT01498887 (7) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Mild, Moderate or Severe Relapse
NCT01498887 (7) [back to overview]	Time to First Relapse
NCT01498887 (7) [back to overview]	Percentage of Relapse-free Participants
NCT01498887 (7) [back to overview]	Mean Number of T2 Active Lesions
NCT01498887 (7) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) Score
NCT01498887 (7) [back to overview]	Annual Relapse Rate (ARR)
NCT01498887 (7) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Cerebral Volume
NCT01499667 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Active (New or Newly Enlarging) T2 Lesions From the Last Natalizumab Infusion (Baseline) up to the Initiation of Fingolimod Treatment
NCT01499667 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Active (New or Newly Enlarging) T2 Lesions From the Last Natalizumab Infusion (Baseline) Through 8 Weeks of Fingolimod Treatment
NCT01499667 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Active (New or Newly Enlarging) T2 Lesions During the 24 Weeks After the Last Natalizumab Infusion (Baseline)
NCT01499667 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Active (New or Newly Enlarging) T2 Lesions During the First 8 Weeks of Fingolimod Treatment
NCT01499667 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AE), Serious Adverse Events (SAE) and Death During Washout Period
NCT01499667 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AE), Serious Adverse Events (SAE) and Death During Fingolimod Treatment
NCT01499667 (8) [back to overview]	Cumulative Number of Gadolinium-enhancing T1 Lesions From the Last Natalizumab Infusion
NCT01499667 (8) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) by Washout Group
NCT01534182 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Patient-reported Depression
NCT01534182 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Patient-reported Treatment Satisfaction
NCT01534182 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Patient-reported Health-related Quality-of-life Using the Short Form Health Survey v2 Acute (SF-36 v2 Acute)
NCT01534182 (5) [back to overview]	Changes in Patient-reported Effectiveness, Side Effects and Convenience
NCT01534182 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Experienced Adverse Events, Serious Adverse Events and Death
NCT01578330 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Patient-Reported Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication Scores (TSQM-9)
NCT01578330 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Patient-reported Health-related Quality-of-life With Fingolimod (Short Form Health Survey: SF-36).
NCT01578330 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Patient-reported Health-related Quality-of-life With Fingolimod (Short Form Health Survey: SF-36).
NCT01578330 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Patient-reported Health-related Quality-of-life With Fingolimod (Short Form Health Survey: SF-36).
NCT01585298 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Cardiac Adverse Events
NCT01585298 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Bradyarrhythmic Electrocardiogram (ECG) Events
NCT01585298 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Heart Rate Below 45 Beats Per Minute (BPM)
NCT01585298 (5) [back to overview]	Participants With 2nd or 3rd Degree Atrioventricular (AV) Block
NCT01585298 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Prolonged QTc Interval (Friderica)
NCT01623596 (6) [back to overview]	Participant Retention Rate Over 12 Months
NCT01623596 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline of Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) Scores (Oral Test) by Visit (Randomized Treatment / Randomized Phase)
NCT01623596 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Satisfied Participants Per Medication Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) Score
NCT01623596 (6) [back to overview]	Percent Change From Baseline in Brain Volume From Month 12 to Last Visit (Randomized)
NCT01623596 (6) [back to overview]	Primary and Secondary Reasons for Discontinuation From Randomized Treatment: Randomized Set
NCT01623596 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline of Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) Scores (Written Test) by Visit (Randomized Treatment / Randomized Phase)
NCT01625182 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline for Rasch-Built Linearly Weighted Overall Disability Scale (R-ODS)
NCT01625182 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline for Grip Strength, Non-dominant Hand
NCT01625182 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline for Grip Strength, Dominant Hand
NCT01625182 (4) [back to overview]	Time to First Confirmed Worsening on the Adjusted Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) Disability Scale
NCT01633112 (9) [back to overview]	Gd Enhancing T1 Lesion Volume
NCT01633112 (9) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients Free of New T1 Hypointense Lesions
NCT01633112 (9) [back to overview]	Percent Brain Volume Change From Baseline
NCT01633112 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Free of New/Newly Enlarged T2 Lesions
NCT01633112 (9) [back to overview]	New or Newly Enlarging T2 Lesions
NCT01633112 (9) [back to overview]	Gd Enhancing T1 Lesion Count
NCT01633112 (9) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in T2 Lesion Volume
NCT01633112 (9) [back to overview]	Confirmed Annualized Relapse Rate
NCT01633112 (9) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in TSQM Scales
NCT01705236 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12, 24 and 36 in Average Quadrant Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness (RNFLT)
NCT01705236 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 and 24 in Average Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness (RNFLT)
NCT01705236 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 36 in Average Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness (RNFLT)
NCT01705236 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT01705236 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12, 24 and 36 in Total Macular Volume (TMV)
NCT01705236 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12, 24 and 36 in Ganglion Cell Inner Plexiform (GCIP)
NCT01757691 (1) [back to overview]	Number of Particpants With Adverse Events as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability
NCT01779700 (17) [back to overview]	Plasma Cytokines Levels - IFNgamma
NCT01779700 (17) [back to overview]	Plasma Cytokines Levels - IL-10
NCT01779700 (17) [back to overview]	Levels of Lymphocyte
NCT01779700 (17) [back to overview]	Plasma Cytokines Levels - IL-8
NCT01779700 (17) [back to overview]	Plasma Cytokines Levels - IL-17A
NCT01779700 (17) [back to overview]	Plasma Cytokines Levels - IL-1BETA
NCT01779700 (17) [back to overview]	Plasma Cytokines Levels - IL-2
NCT01779700 (17) [back to overview]	Plasma Cytokines Levels - IL-4
NCT01779700 (17) [back to overview]	Plasma Cytokines Levels - IL-6
NCT01779700 (17) [back to overview]	Plasma Cytokines Levels - TNFa
NCT01779700 (17) [back to overview]	Positive Symptom Change - PANSS
NCT01779700 (17) [back to overview]	Symptom Changes - PANSS Total Score
NCT01779700 (17) [back to overview]	Verbal Memory - BACS
NCT01779700 (17) [back to overview]	Cognition Change - Trails B
NCT01779700 (17) [back to overview]	QTcB Change
NCT01779700 (17) [back to overview]	Negative Symptom Change - PANSS
NCT01779700 (17) [back to overview]	Cognition Change - BACS
NCT01786174 (5) [back to overview]	ALSFRS-R Total Score at Weeks 0, 2, 4 and 8
NCT01786174 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Slow Vital Capacity Score (SVC)
NCT01786174 (5) [back to overview]	Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1)
NCT01786174 (5) [back to overview]	Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) / Slow Vital Capacity (SVC) Ratio
NCT01786174 (5) [back to overview]	Lymphocyte (T-Cell) Subset Trajectories
NCT01892722 (1) [back to overview]	Frequency of Relapses in Patients Treated for up to 24 Months
NCT02048072 (1) [back to overview]	RMSSD Normal Breathing
NCT02232061 (1) [back to overview]	Participants Who Experienced at Least One Qualifying Cardiovascular Adverse Event
NCT02342704 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) at Week 24
NCT02342704 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in SDMT at Week 52
NCT02342704 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total T1-Hypointense and Total T2-Hyperintense Lesion Volumes at Week 24
NCT02342704 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total T1-Hypointense and Total T2-Hyperintense Lesion Volumes at Week 52
NCT02342704 (6) [back to overview]	Cumulative Number of New T1-Gd+ Lesions
NCT02342704 (6) [back to overview]	Cumulative Number of New or Enlarging T2 Lesions
NCT02373098 (7) [back to overview]	Baseline Flow Cytometry Analyses for Blood Cytokines and Chemokines in Healthy Controls and RRMS Patients
NCT02373098 (7) [back to overview]	Baseline Serum Cytokine and Chemokine Levels of Healthy Controls and RRMS Patients - ELISA
NCT02373098 (7) [back to overview]	Percent Blood Cytokines and Chemokines Via Flow Cytometry Analyses of Healthy Controls and RRMS Patients at Baseline
NCT02373098 (7) [back to overview]	Peripheral Blood Cytokine and Chemokine Measurements in Healthy Controls and RRMS Patients
NCT02373098 (7) [back to overview]	Percent of Peripheral Blood Cytokine and Chemokine Measurements in Healthy Controls and RRMS Patients
NCT02373098 (7) [back to overview]	Serum Cytokine and Chemokine Levels inRRMS Patients Between Visits
NCT02373098 (7) [back to overview]	Absolute Peripheral Blood Cytokine and Chemokine Measurements in Healthy Controls and RRMS Patients
NCT02720107 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Disability Progression Assessed With the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at Month 6 and Month 48 (FAS)
NCT02720107 (4) [back to overview]	Change in Immune Status of B Cells, Monocytes and Natural Killer Cells (NK) Cells (FAS)
NCT02720107 (4) [back to overview]	Change in T Cells Status (Decrease or Increase) at Month 48 (FAS)
NCT02720107 (4) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Disability Progression as Measured by Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (FAS)
NCT02939079 (12) [back to overview]	Serum Level of IL6
NCT02939079 (12) [back to overview]	Serum Level of IL6
NCT02939079 (12) [back to overview]	Serum Level of IL1b
NCT02939079 (12) [back to overview]	Serum Level of IL1b
NCT02939079 (12) [back to overview]	Serum Level of IL1b
NCT02939079 (12) [back to overview]	Serum Level of IFN-gamma
NCT02939079 (12) [back to overview]	Serum Level of IFN-gamma
NCT02939079 (12) [back to overview]	Serum Level of IFN-gamma
NCT02939079 (12) [back to overview]	Serum Level of TNF-α
NCT02939079 (12) [back to overview]	Serum Level of TNF-α
NCT02939079 (12) [back to overview]	Serum Level of TNF-α
NCT02939079 (12) [back to overview]	Serum Level of IL6
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in Total CD4+ Absolute Cell Count
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in Total CD19+ Differential Cell Count (%)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in Total CD19+ Absolute Cell Count
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in Regulatory B Lymphocytes (CD19+CD24+CD38+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in Neutrophils (CD16+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in Naive B Lymphocytes (CD19+CD27-)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in Monocytes (CD14+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in CD8+ Naive T Cells (CCR7+CD45RA+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in CD8+ Central Memory T Cells (CCR7+CD45RA-CD45RO+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in CD4+ Th2 Cells (CCR4+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in CD4+ Th17 Cells (CCR6+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in CD4+ Th1 Cells (CXCR3+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in CD4+ Naive T Cells (CCR7+CD45RA+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in CD4+ Effector Memory T Cells (CCR7-CD45RA-CD45RO+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in CD4+ Central Memory T Cells (CCR7+CD45RA-CD45RO+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in T2 Lesion Burden
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline for New Gd-Enhancing T1 Lesion Count
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in Memory B Lymphocytes (CD19+CD27+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in CD8+ Effector Memory T Cells (CCR7-CD45RA-CD45RO+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in CD8+ Naive T Cells (CCR7+CD45RA+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in Memory B Lymphocytes (CD19+CD27+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in Monocytes (CD14+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in Naive B Lymphocytes (CD19+CD27-)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in Neutrophils (CD16+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in CD8+ Central Memory T Cells (CCR7+CD45RA-CD45RO+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in NK Cells (CD56+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in Regulatory B Lymphocytes (CD19+CD24+CD38+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in Total CD19+ Absolute Cell Count
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in Total CD19+ Differential Cell Count (%)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in Total CD4+ Absolute Cell Count
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in Total CD4+ Differential Cell Count
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in Total CD8+ Absolute Cell Count
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in Total CD8+ Differential Cell Counts (%)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Months 6 and 12 in the Anti-JCV Antibody Index (Index/Value)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Relapses During Treatment
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in NK Cells (CD56+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in CD8+ Effector Memory T Cells (CCR7-CD45RA-CD45RO+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in CD4+ Th2 Cells (CCR4+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Received Steroid Treatment for MS Relapses During Treatment
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in CD4+ Th17 Cells (CCR6+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in CD4+ Th1 Cells (CXCR3+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in CD4+ Naive T Cells (CCR7+ CD45RA+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in CD4+ Effector Memory T Cells (CCR7-CD45RA-CD45RO+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in CD4+ Central Memory T Cells (CCR7+CD45RA-CD45RO+)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in Total CD8+ Differential Cell Counts (%)
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in Total CD8+ Absolute Cell Count
NCT03257358 (48) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 12 in Total CD4+ Differential Cell Count (%)

Estimated Annualized Aggregate Relapse Rate (ARR)

The ARR is defined as the number of confirmed relapses in a year. A relapse is defined as the appearance of a new or worsening of a previously stable or improving pre-existing neurological abnormality, separated by at least 30 days from onset of a preceding relapse. The abnormality must be present for at least 24 hours and occur in the absence of fever or infection. The annualized ARR for each treatment group was the mean of the annualized ARRs for all patients in the group calculated as the total number of confirmed relapses divided by the total number of days on study, multiplied by 365.25. (NCT00289978)
Timeframe: Baseline to end of study (Month 24)

Intervention	Relapses per year (Number)
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	0.16
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	0.18
Placebo	0.40

Intervention	GD- enhanced T1 lesions (Mean)
Placebo	2.3
Fingolimod (FTY720) 1.25 mg/Day	1.4
Fingolimod (FTY720) 5.0 mg/Day	0.4

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Baseline (Core) n=93, 92, 93	Month 6 (Core) n= 83, 90, 87	Month 12 (Extension) n= 72, 77, 71	Month 60 (Extension) n= 45, 49, 44	Last observation (Extension) n= 92, 93, 92
Fingolimod (FTY720) 1.25 mg/Day	52.2	76.7	83.1	91.8	83.9
Fingolimod (FTY720) 5.0 mg/Day	48.4	78.2	88.7	93.2	83.7
Placebo	49.5	47.0	79.2	91.1	81.5

Intervention	ng/mL (Mean)
	Month 3 (core)	Month 6 (core)
FTY720 1.25 mg/Day	7.64	7.38
FTY720 5.0 mg/Day	30.5	28.9

Intervention	GD enhanced T2 lesions (Mean)
	Month 6 (Core), n= 82,88, 84	Month 12 (Extension) n=71, 79, 71	Month 60 (Extension) n=45, 50, 43	Last observation (Extension) n=92, 93, 91
Fingolimod (FTY720) 1.25 mg/Day	0.5	1.4	0.5	0.6
Fingolimod (FTY720) 5.0 mg/Day	0.1	0.6	0.3	0.5
Placebo	1.0	0.8	0.4	0.7

Intervention	mm^3 (Mean)
	Month 6 (core) n=85, 89, 86	Month 12 (extension) n=73, 77, 71	Month 60 (extension) n=45, 49, 43	Last observation (extension) n= 87, 89, 87
Fingolimod (FTY720) 1.25 mg/Day	-115.81	1.66	-204.09	-92.24
Fingolimod (FTY720) 5.0 mg/Day	-607.97	-513.35	-1429.98	-907.48
Placebo	146.15	144.96	-621.82	-178.86

Intervention	mm^3 (Mean)
	Month 6 (Core) n=85, 91, 87	Month 12 (Extension) n= 73, 79, 72	Month 60 (Extension) n=45, 50, 44	Last observation (Extension) n=87, 91, 88
Fingolimod (FTY720) 1.25 mg/Day	10084.6	10707.1	9498.7	10090.2
Fingolimod (FTY720) 5.0 mg/Day	8331.1	8363.2	6626.9	8061.8
Placebo	9016.0	8264.1	6698.3	8757.2

Intervention	percentage of paticipants (Number)
	Month 6 (Core), n= 80, 87, 83	Month 12 (Extension) n=70, 77, 70	Month 60 (Extension) n=45, 49, 43	Last observation (Extension) n=92, 93,90
Fingolimod (FTY720) 1.25 mg/Day	77.0	67.5	87.8	76.3
Fingolimod (FTY720) 5.0 mg/Day	80.7	72.9	83.7	78.9
Placebo	47.5	57.1	88.9	72.8

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	0 days (n=93,94,94)	200 days (n=57, 73, 70)	400 days (n=48, 63, 60)	600 days (n=41, 57, 52)	800 days (n=38, 48, 48)	1000 days (n=35, 42, 45)	1200 days (n=30, 38 40)	1400 days (n=29, 36, 35)	1600 days (n=27, 34, 34)	1800 days (n=25, 33, 33)	2000 days (n=23, 31, 31)	2200 days (n=22, 28, 30)	2400 days (n=21, 26, 27)	2600 days (n=9, 12, 12)	2880 days (n=0, 0, 0)
Fingolimod (FTY720) 1.25 mg/Day	1.00	0.86	0.78	0.76	0.75	0.70	0.66	0.63	0.61	0.61	0.59	0.55	0.55	0.55	0
Fingolimod (FTY720) 5.0 mg/Day	1.00	0.86	0.79	0.78	0.75	0.75	0.70	0.70	0.68	0.68	0.66	0.66	0.66	0.66	0
Placebo	1.00	0.69	0.62	0.58	0.55	0.53	0.51	0.51	0.51	0.51	0.51	0.49	0.46	0.44	0

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
	Free of 3-month progression	Free of 6-month progression
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	71.28	79.76
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	67.01	79.54
Interferon β-1a µg/Fingolimod 1.25 or 0.5 mg	73.40	81.61

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	93.3
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	94.1
Interferon β-1a µg/Fingolimod 1.25 or 0.5 mg	92.1

Intervention	Estimate relapses per year (Number)
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	0.203
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	0.161
Interferon β-1a µg/Fingolimod 1.25 or 0.5 mg	0.331

Intervention	Estimated relapses per year (Number)
	Month 12 to Month 24, n=330, 356, 341	Month 24 to Month 36, n=287, 321, 293	Month 36 to Month 48, n=267, 303, 271	Month 48 to end of study, n=36, 38, 29	Month 0 to end of study, n=420, 429, 431
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	0.182	0.110	NA	NA	0.166
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	0.156	0.116	NA	NA	0.192
Interferon β-1a µg/Fingolimod 1.25 or 0.5 mg	0.266	0.121	NA	NA	0.271

Intervention	T2 lesions (Mean)
	Month 12 to Month 24	Month 24 to Month 36, n=255, 289, 258	Month 36 to Month 48, n=36, 34, 35	Last MRI scan to end of study, n=275, 309, 290
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	0.87	1.04	0.59	0.86
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	1.08	1.40	0.97	1.75
Interferon β-1a µg/Fingolimod 1.25 or 0.5 mg	0.97	0.72	0.49	1.03

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	At Month 24	At end of study
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	86.2	74.89
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	86.9	79.92
Placebo	82.2	75.03

Intervention	percent change (Mean)
	Month 24 [N=247; 266; 249]	End of study [N=178; 187; 182]
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	-0.858	-1.266
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	-0.595	-1.130
Placebo	-1.279	-1.694

Intervention	lesions (Mean)
	Core Phase (Month 0 to 24) [N=245; 264; 251]	Month 24 to 36 [N=103; 111; 102]	Month 36 to 48 [N=24; 15; 15]
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	2.3	0.45	0.07
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	1.6	0.63	0.13
Placebo	8.9	0.63	2.53

Intervention	lesions (Mean)
	Core Phase (Month 24) [N=251; 269; 256]	End of Extension study [N=184; 194; 184]
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	0.37	0.09
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	0.24	0.46
Placebo	1.22	0.45

Intervention	mm^3 (Mean)
	T2 lesions [N=248, 266, 251]	T1 hypointense lesions [N=247, 266, 248]
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	-223.27	-111.28
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	-436.92	-99.13
Placebo	541.83	-37.68

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Month 24 [N=250; 271; 258]	End of Study [N=174; 187; 184]
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	0.00	-0.091
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	-0.08	0.011
Placebo	-0.07	0.019

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Month 3 (n = 50, 49, 51)	Month 6 (n = 48, 48, 50)
FTY720 0.5 mg	34	31
FTY720 1.25 mg	30	28
Placebo	23	18

fingolimod hydrochloride

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (94)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (3)

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (5)

Activation Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (85)

Molecular Functions (17)

Ceullar Components (19)

Bioassays (99)

Research

Studies (2,693)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 35.94

Study Types

Clinical Trials (96)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Estimated Annualized Aggregate Relapse Rate (ARR)

Number of New or Newly Enlarged T2 Lesions at Month 24 in Comparison With Baseline

Percentage of Patients Free of Disability Progression at Month 24 Assessed With the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)

Mean Number of Gadolinium (Gd)-Enhanced T1-weighted Lesions at Month 6 (Core)

Percentage of Participants Free of T1-weighted Lesions

Mean Trough Blood Concentrations of FTY720

Mean Number of New T2-weighted Lesions

Change From Baseline in Volume of Total T2-weighted Lesions

Mean Number of Gadolinium (Gd)-Enhanced T1-weighted Lesions at Month 60

Mean Number of Gadolinium (Gd)-Enhanced T1-weighted Lesions at Month 12

Mean Number of Gadolinium (Gd)-Enhanced T1-weighted Lesions at End of Study

Volume of T2-weighted Lesions

Percentage of Patients Free of Gd-enhanced T1-weighted and New T2- Weighted Lesions by Visit

Time to Event Analysis: Kaplan Meier Estimates of Percentage of Relapse-free Patients

Percentage of Participants Free of 3-month and 6-month Disability Progression Assessed With the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at the End of the Extension Phase of the Study

Percentage of Participants Free of 3-month Disability Progression Assessed With the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at the End of the Core Phase of the Study

Estimated Annualized Aggregate Relapse Rate (ARR) in the Core Phase of the Study

Number of New or Newly Enlarged T2 Lesions in Comparison With Baseline in the Core Phase of the Study

Estimated Annualized Aggregate Relapse Rate (ARR) in the Core and Extension Phases of the Study

Number of New or Newly Enlarged T2 Lesions in the Extension Phase of the Study

Percentage of Participants Free of 6-month Confirmed Disability Progression at Month 24 and End of Study

Percentage of Participants Free of 3-month Confirmed Disability Progression at Month 24 and End of Study

Percent Change From Baseline in Brain Volume

Number of New or Newly Enlarged T2 Lesions

Percentage of Participants Relapse-free up to Month 24

Number of Gadolinium-enhanced T1 Lesions

Aggregate Annualized Relapse Rate (ARR) Estimate up to End of Study

Aggregate Annualized Relapse Rate (ARR) Estimate up to Month 24

Percentage of Participants Relapse-free up to End of Study

Change From Baseline in Lesion Volume at Month 24 (Core Phase)

Change From Baseline in Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) Z-score

Number of Patients Free of New or Newly Enlarged T2 Lesions

Annualized Relapse Rate (ARR) at 6 Months

Number of Patients Free of Gadolinium-enhanced T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Lesions at Both Month 3 and Month 6

Number of Patients Free of MS Relapse up to Month 6 (Confirmed Relapse Only)

Annualized Aggregate Relapse Rate (ARR) During Months 0 to End of Study(Core [CFTY720D2301/NCT00289978] and Extension Study)

Change (Expressed as Ratio) in the Annualized Aggregate Relapse Rate (ARR) From Months 0-24 (Core Study) to Months 24-48 (Extension Study)

Percent Change in Brain Volume From Month 0 End of Study (Core and Extension Study)

Time to First 3-month Confirmed Disability Progression up to End of Study Based on Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): Kaplan-Meier Estimate of Percentage of Patients Free of Disability Progression

Annualized Aggregate Relapse Rate (ARR) During Months 0-24 (Core Study) and Months 24-48 (Extension Study)

Change in Mean Number of New or Newly Enlarged T2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Lesions During Months 0-24 (Core Study) and Months 24-48 (Extension Study)

Percent Change in Brain Volume From Month 0 to Month 24 (Core Study) and From Month 24 to Month 48 (Extension Study)

Percentage of Patients Free of New or Newly Enlarged T2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Lesions During Months 0-24 (Core Study) and Months 24-48 (Extension Study)

Time to First Confirmed Relapse up to End of Study: Kaplan-Meier Estimate of Percentage of Patients Relapse-free

Percentage of Patients Relapse-free at the End of the Study

Aggregate Annualized Relapse Rate (ARR) Based on Confirmed Relapses

Change From Core Study Baseline in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) Score

Percentage of Patients Free From 3-month and 6-month Confirmed Disability Progression at Their Last Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) Assessment

Percentage of Patients Free of Gd-enhanced T1 Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Lesions

Percentage of Patients Free of New or Newly Enlarged T2 Weighted MRI Lesions

Change From Baseline in Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12 Score)

Change From Baseline in PRIMUS-Activities

Intervention	Relapses per year (Number)
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	0.164
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	0.185
Placebo-fingolimod	0.357

Intervention	Ratio of relapses per year (Number)
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	1.164
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	0.850
Placebo-fingolimod 1.25 mg	0.547
Placebo-fingolimod 0.5 mg	0.446

Intervention	Percent change (Mean)
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	-1.639
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	-1.674
Placebo-fingolimod	-2.241

Intervention	Percentage of patients (Number)
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	74.15
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	73.90
Placebo-fingolimod	66.28

Intervention	Relapses per year (Number)
	Months 0-24	Months 24-48
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	0.111	0.095
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	0.064	0.074
Placebo-fingolimod 0.5 mg	0.292	0.130
Placebo-fingolimod 1.25 mg	0.301	0.164

Intervention	Lesions (Mean)
	Months 0-24	Months 24-48	Change from Months 0-24 to Months 24-48
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	2.66	2.58	-0.09
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	2.14	1.71	-0.43
Placebo-fingolimod 0.5 mg	8.12	1.43	-6.68
Placebo-fingolimod 1.25 mg	12.83	2.34	-10.48

Intervention	Percent change (Mean)
	Month 0 to Month 24, n=75, 109, 41, 49	Month 24 to Month 48, n=75, 109, 41, 49
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	-0.983	-0.780
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	-1.011	-0.871
Placebo-fingolimod 0.5 mg	-1.419	-0.903
Placebo-fingolimod 1.25 mg	-1.511	-1.103

Intervention	Percentage of patients (Number)
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	59.85
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	59.29
Placebo-fingolimod	37.18

Intervention	Percentage of patients (Number)
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	45.2
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	62.1
Placebo-fingolimod	48.3

Intervention	Relapses per year (Number)
	Month 0 to 6 (N=57, 54, 57)	Month 6 to 12 (N=47, 46, 50)	Month 12 to 24 (N=44, 43, 39)	Month 24 to 36 (N=41, 40, 34)	Month 36 to 48 (N=28, 23, 23)	Month 48 to end of study (N=8, 6, 3)
Fingolimod 0.5 mg	0.539	0.227	0.166	0.191	0.164	0.000
Fingolimod 1.25 mg	0.404	0.284	0.223	0.058	0.075	0.000
Placebo-fingolimod	1.131	0.232	0.222	0.162	0.309	0.000