Compounds > ondansetron
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ondansetron

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Description

Ondansetron is a selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. It was synthesized in the 1980s by scientists at GlaxoSmithKline. Ondansetron is primarily used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Its mechanism of action involves blocking the action of serotonin (5-HT3) in the gastrointestinal tract, which is responsible for triggering the vomiting reflex. Ondansetron is also effective in treating nausea and vomiting associated with migraine headaches and motion sickness. It is a highly effective antiemetic and is widely used in clinical practice. Ondansetron is studied to understand its efficacy in various settings, its potential side effects, and to develop new and improved antiemetic therapies. It is also being investigated for its potential use in treating other conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome and anxiety disorders.'

Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID4595
CHEMBL ID46
CHEBI ID7773
SCHEMBL ID4542
MeSH IDM0026254

Synonyms (137)

Synonym
9-methyl-3-((2-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1h-carbazol-4(9h)-one
BRD-A19736161-001-01-8
BRD-A19736161-003-03-0
gtpl2290
gr-38032f/gr-38032
OPREA1_435466
BSPBIO_001016
NCI60_022780
zofran odt
zuplenz
eur-1025
9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-4h-carbazol-4-one
zudan
4h-carbazol-4-one, 1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-((2-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-
gr 38032x
ondansetron (zofran)
1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-((2-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-4h-carbazol-4-one
brn 3622981
gr 38032
(rs)-1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-(2-methylimidazol-1-ylmethyl)carbazol-4-one
zofran
TIMTEC1_001750
CBDIVE_008994
PRESTWICK2_001058
BPBIO1_001118
AB00373674
STK370548
C07325
ondansetron
99614-02-5
DB00904
D00456
zofran odt (tn)
ondansetron (jan/usp/inn)
ondansetron, (+,-)-isomer
PRESTWICK0_001058
SPBIO_002938
PRESTWICK1_001058
OPREA1_852372
PRESTWICK3_001058
HMS2090H16
L000456
CHEMBL46
gr-38032
a04aa01
nsc-757870
chebi:7773 ,
desmethylondansetron
AKOS000599484
99614-01-4
9-methyl-3-[(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1h-carbazol-4-one
NCGC00179341-02
HMS3259H08
odansetron [common misspelling of ondansetron]
ondansetron [usp:inn:ban]
unii-4af302esos
4af302esos ,
nsc 757870
ondansetron injection
hsdb 8304
dtxsid8023393 ,
cas-99614-02-5
dtxcid803393
tox21_113048
cas_68647
nsc_68647
bdbm85330
BCP9001025
FT-0631004
9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1h-carbazol-4-one
S1996
AKOS016340526
HMS3371E18
ondansetron [usp-rs]
ondansetron [orange book]
ondansetron [mart.]
ondansetron [usp monograph]
4h-carbazol-4-one, 1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-((2-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)- (+/-)-
ondansetron [who-dd]
ondansetron [jan]
gr-c507/75
(+/-)-2,3-dihydro-9-methyl-3-((2-methylimidazol-1-yl)methyl)carbazol-4(1h)-one
ondansetron [mi]
ondansetron [vandf]
ondansetron [inn]
AB00373674-15
HY-B0002B
9-methyl-3- (2-methyl-imidazol-1ylmethyl)-1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-carbazol-4-one
1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-4h- carbazol-4-one
1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1h-imidazole-1-yl)methyl]-4h-carbazol-4-one
1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-4h-carbazol-4-one
1,2,3,9,-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-4h-carbazol-4-one
1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1h-imidazol-1yl)methyl]-4h-carbazol-4-one
1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1h-imidazole-1 -yl)methyl]-4h-carbazol-4-one
FELGMEQIXOGIFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
NC00706
SCHEMBL4542
NCGC00179341-04
tox21_113048_1
KS-5227
AB00373674-17
smr001307702
MLS006011928
9-methyl-3-((2-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-4h-carbazol-4-one
AC-28927
AB00373674_19
AB00373674_18
116002-70-1
mfcd00833882
sr-01000763250
SR-01000763250-4
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-(2-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)carbazol-4-one
NCGC00179341-07
gr 38032f;gr-c507/75
gr38032
BCP28911
Q410011
gr 38032 (hydrochloride);sn 307 (hydrochloride)
EN300-117273
'9-methyl-3-[(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1~{h}-carbazol-4-one'
9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1h-imidazolyl)methyl]-1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-4h-carbazole-4-one
nsc-791005
nsc791005
NCGC00179341-12
ondansetron(base and/or unspecified salts)
Z1501485364
4h-carbazol-4-one,?1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-
odansetron (common misspelling of ondansetron)
4h-carbazol-4-one, 1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-((2-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-(+/-)-
2,3-dihydro-9-methyl-3-((2-methylimidazol-1-yl)methyl)carbazol-4(1h)-one
ondansetron (usp monograph)
ondansetron (usp:inn:ban)
ondasetron
ondansetron (usp-rs)
ondansetronum
ondansetronodt
ondansetron (mart.)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Ondansetron (ODS) is an effective antiemetic drug which suffers from limited solubility and bioavailability during oral administration due to first-pass metabolism. It is a 5HT3 receptor antagonist, used to mitigate the effects of nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy or surgery.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Ondansetron is an indirect dopaminergic modulator that has shown efficacy in alcohol use disorder, particularly in phenotypic and genotypic subgroups, and was found to be efficacious in a pilot dose-finding trial for CUD."( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ondansetron for the treatment of cocaine use disorder with post hoc pharmacogenetic analysis.
Ait-Daoud, N; Blevins, D; Johnson, BA; Seneviratne, C; Wang, XQ, 2021)		1.59
"Ondansetron is a highly effective antiemetic for the treatment of nausea and vomiting. "( A pharmacogenomic investigation of the cardiac safety profile of ondansetron in children and pregnant women.
Berger, H; Brodie, SM; Brown, J; Carleton, BC; Chaudhry, S; Drögemöller, BI; Groeneweg, GSS; Higginson, M; Israels, S; Ito, S; Jong, G'; Magee, LA; Miao, F; Rassekh, SR; Ross, CJD; Sanatani, S; Shaw, K; Staub, M; Trueman, J; West, N; Whyte, SD; Wright, GEB, 2022)		2.4
"Ondansetron (ODS) is an effective antiemetic drug which suffers from limited solubility and bioavailability during oral administration due to first-pass metabolism. "( Ondansetron/Cyclodextrin inclusion complex nanofibrous webs for potential orally fast-disintegrating antiemetic drug delivery.
Celebioglu, A; Durgun, E; Emin Kilic, M; Hsiung, E; Uyar, T, 2022)		3.61
"Ondansetron is a 5HT3 receptor antagonist widely used to treat hyperemesis gravidarum, although its safety is still questionable. "( Safety evaluation of ondansetron after gestational exposure on male reproductive parameters in rats.
Aquino, AM; Arena, AC; Jorge, BC; Kassuya, CAL; Manoel, BM; Moreira, SDS; Reis, ACC; Scarano, WR; Stein, J; Valente, LC, 2023)		2.67
"Ondansetron is a 5HT3 receptor antagonist, used to mitigate the effects of nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy or surgery. "( Embryo-fetal safety evaluation of ondansetron in rats.
Arena, AC; da Silva Moreira, S; de Matos Manoel, B; Jorge, BC; Perdão, CB; Reis, ACC; Stein, J, 2023)		2.63
"Ondansetron is a widely administered medication for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. "( Ondansetron Use During Pregnancy: Birth Defects and Obstetric Outcomes.
Azab, AN; Betesh-Abay, B; Hadar, E; Masarwe, S; Peleg, N; Shvartsur, R, 2023)		3.8
"Ondansetron is a commonly used antiemetic in the emergency department despite a 2011 FDA warning regarding dose-related QTc prolongation and torsades des pointes (TdP). "( QT prolongation, torsades des pointes, and cardiac arrest after 4 mg of IV ondansetron.
Cole, JB; Fuchs, RT; Fushianes, GD; Lee, SC; Orozco, BS, 2023)		2.58
"Ondansetron is a potent anti-emetic drug showing promising results as an analgesic."( Effect of ondansetron compared to lidocaine and placebo for reducing propofol injection pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
AbdelQadir, YH; Adly, MH; Alnaji, AA; Aly, AA; Ammar, MF; Eguzo, MA; Elfar, WH; Elshanbary, AA; Elsnhory, AB; Farhat, AM; Hamza, MM; Hana, K; Hussein, TA; Mahmoud, AM; Morsy, MH; Shah, J; Shamshoon, KF; Zaazouee, MS, 2023)		2.03
"Ondansetron is a specific I"( Effects of ondansetron on apamin-sensitive small conductance calcium-activated potassium currents in pacing-induced failing rabbit hearts.
Chen, M; Chen, PS; Chen, Z; Everett, TH; Kamp, NJ; Lin, SF; Rubart-von der Lohe, M; Shen, C; Tian, Z; Wang, Z; Wu, AZ; Xu, D; Yang, N; Yin, D, 2020)		2.39
"Ondansetron is an effective antiemetic employed to prevent vomiting in children with gastroenteritis in high-income countries; data from low- and middle-income countries are sparse."( Oral Ondansetron Administration to Dehydrated Children in Pakistan: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Bhutta, ZA; Dawoud, F; Freedman, SB; Siddiqui, E; Soofi, SB; Willan, AR; Williamson-Urquhart, S; Xie, J, 2019)		2.47
"Ondansetron HCl (OSH) is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist indicated for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with radiotherapy (adults: 8 mg, t.i.d) and/or chemotherapy (adults: 8 mg, b.i.d to t.i.d) and prevention of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting (adults: 8 mg, b.i.d). "( Sustained release formulation of Ondansetron HCl using osmotic drug delivery approach.
Gundu, R; Kulkarni, D; Pekamwar, S; Shelke, S; Shep, S, 2020)		2.28
"ondansetron is an effective antiemetic in children with gastroenteritis, but data from low- and middle-income countries are sparse."( Effect of ondansetron on vomiting associated with acute gastroenteritis in a developing country: a meta-analysis.
Wu, HL; Zhan, X, 2020)		1.68
"Ondansetron is a 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist that has been approved for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. "( Major Congenital Malformation Risk After First Trimester Gestational Exposure to Oral or Intravenous Ondansetron.
Andrade, C, 2020)		2.22
"Ondansetron is an effective antiemetic that is being widely used as a second-line treatment option for severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in accordance with clinical guidelines. "( Ondansetron in pregnancy revisited: Assessment and pregnancy labelling by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) & Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC).
Cassina, M; Damkier, P; Diav-Citrin, O; Kaplan, YC; Shechtman, S; Weber-Schoendorfer, C, 2021)		3.51
"Ondansetron is an effective antiemetic drug widely used to prevent CINV; however, the effective administrative dosing strategies among pediatrics remain unclear."( Single daily dosing versus divided dosing intravenous ondansetron to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among children: A comparative randomized double-blind controlled trial.
Lertvivatpong, N; Monsereenusorn, C; Photia, A; Rujkijyanont, P; Ruktrirong, J; Traivaree, C, 2021)		1.59
"Ondansetron has proven to be a safe and effective adjunct in children with vomiting."( Clinical Pathway Produces Sustained Improvement in Acute Gastroenteritis Care.
Brown, JC; Klein, EJ; Rutman, L, 2017)		1.18
"Ondansetron is a serotonin 3 receptor antagonist widely used to prevent nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and in patients receiving chemotherapy. "( Ondansetron - a promising adjunctive treatment for persistent schizophrenia.
Gavrilidis, E; Gurvich, C; Hudaib, AR; Kulkarni, J; Thomas, N, 2018)		3.37
"Ondansetron is a 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist commonly used as an antiemetic to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with anti-cancer drugs, cancer radiotherapy or postoperatively. "( Cardiac safety concerns for ondansetron, an antiemetic commonly used for nausea linked to cancer treatment and following anaesthesia.
Doggrell, SA; Hancox, JC, 2013)		2.13
"Ondansetron is a serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist widely used to prevent nausea and vomiting in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer."( Ondansetron and simvastatin added to treatment as usual in patients with schizophrenia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Chaudhry, IB; Deakin, B; Drake, R; Dunn, G; Hallak, J; Hamirani, MM; Husain, MO; Husain, N; Kazmi, A; Kiran, T; Mehmood, N; Rahman, Ru; Stirling, J, 2013)		2.55
"Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist that is an effective anti-emetic in cats. "( Oral, subcutaneous, and intravenous pharmacokinetics of ondansetron in healthy cats.
Gustafson, DL; Hansen, RJ; Lake, RC; Lunghofer, PJ; Quimby, JM, 2014)		2.09
"Ondansetron is a potent antiemetic drug that has been commonly used to treat acute and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in dogs. "( Pharmacokinetic modeling and Monte Carlo simulation of ondansetron following oral administration in dogs.
Baek, IH; Kang, J; Kwon, KI; Lee, BY, 2015)		2.11
"Ondansetron is an experimental alternative for such patients."( Ondansetron augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors as a treatment strategy in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Andrade, C, 2015)		2.58
"Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist which is generally used for the prophylactic management of nausea and vomiting; however, studies have found that ondansetron might decrease the incidence of PDPH."( Effect of ondansetron on post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) in parturients undergoing cesarean section: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study.
Fattahi, Z; Hadavi, SM; Sahmeddini, MA, 2015)		1.54
"Ondansetron is a substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 (primary metabolic pathway), 2D6, and 1A2, all of which are altered during pregnancy."( Ondansetron Exposure Changes in a Pregnant Woman.
Caritis, SN; Haas, DM; Hankins, GD; Hebert, MF; Lemon, LS; Venkataramanan, R; Zhang, H, 2016)		2.6
"Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, reported to attenuate cocaine and methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization, but no reports are available on its role in ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization."( The 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron, blocks the development and expression of ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization in mice.
Bhutada, PS; Jain, NS; Mundhada, YR; Raut, VS; Umathe, SN, 2009)		1.36
"Ondansetron is a carbazol with antiemetic properties that acts as a competitive and selective antagonist for the 5 HT3 serotonin receptors. "( Ondansetron: design and development of oral pharmaceutical suspensions.
Gallardo Lara, V; Gallardo, ML; Morales Hernandez, ME; Ruiz Martinez, MA, 2009)		3.24
"Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with potent antiemetic, analgesic, and antiphlogistic effects. "( Ondansetron attenuates hepatic injury via p38 MAPK-dependent pathway in a rat haemorrhagic shock model.
Liu, FC; Liu, FW; Yu, HP, 2011)		3.25
"Ondansetron is an antiemetic known for its safety profile. "( Ondansetron-induced dystonia, hypoglycemia, and seizures in a child.
Manchanda, S; Mittal, S; Patel, A; Puliyel, JM, 2011)		3.25
"Ondansetron is a potent antiemetic and a competitive antagonist at serotonin receptors, which are also involved in modulation of pain. "( Effect of intravenous ondansetron on sensory and motor block after spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine.
Bala, I; Chopra, K; Podder, S; Samra, T, 2011)		2.13
"Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist commonly prescribed to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery but may increase the risk of developing prolongation of the QT interval of the electrocardiogram, which can lead to an abnormal and potentially fatal heart rhythm and recently raised FDA concerns and warnings."( Nifedipine blocks ondansetron electrophysiological effects in rabbit purkinje fibers and decreases early after depolarization incidence.
Gerard, JL; Hanouz, JL; Lemoine, S; Plaud, B; Puddu, PE; Rouet, R; Salle, L; Worou, ME, 2012)		1.43
"Ondansetron is a highly selective 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT(3)) receptor antagonist used as antiemetic agent for chemotherapy-, and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting."( Evaluation of anticonvulsant and nootropic effect of ondansetron in mice.
Agarwal, NB; Jain, S; Mediratta, PK; Sharma, KK, 2012)		1.35
"Ondansetron is an antiemetic 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with proven efficacy in central balance disorder. "( A protective effect of 5-HT3 antagonist against vestibular deficit? Metoclopramide versus ondansetron at the early stage of vestibular neuritis: a pilot study.
Biboulet, R; Mondain, M; Uziel, A; Venail, F, 2012)		2.04
"Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with potent antiemetic, analgesic, and antiphlogistic effects. "( The anti-aggregation effects of ondansetron on platelets involve IP3 signaling and MAP kinase pathway, but not 5-HT3-dependent pathway.
Day, YJ; Liao, HR; Liou, JT; Liu, FC; Mao, CC; Yang, P, 2012)		2.11
"Ondansetron is an antagonist of 5-HT3 receptors mostly used as an antiemetic yet known to modulate metabolism and appetite. "( Differential effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist on lipid profile in spontaneously hypertensive rat and chromosome 8 congenic strain.
Kren, V; Krenova, D; Krupkova, M; Liska, F; Seda, O; Sedova, L, 2012)		1.82
"Ondansetron is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used primarily to control nausea and vomiting arising from cytotoxic chemo- and radiotherapy."( Circadian rhythms in toxic effects of the serotonin antagonist ondansetron in mice.
Ben Attia, M; Boughattas, NA; Bouzouita, K; Chouchane, L; Gadacha, W; Khedhaier, A; Mechkouri, M; Reinberg, A; Sani, M, 2003)		1.28
"Ondansetron (Zofran) is a drug used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy. "( The safety of ondansetron for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a prospective comparative study.
Einarson, A; Kennedy, D; Koren, G; Maltepe, C; Navioz, Y; Tan, MP, 2004)		2.13
"Ondansetron is a carbazol with antiemetic properties. "( Physical characteristics of polymer complexes in suspension obtained from cellulosic latexes with ondansetron.
Gallardo, V; Llácer, JM; Morales, E; Ruiz, A, 2004)		1.98
"Ondansetron is a potent antiemetic drug that acts through inhibition of the 5HT3 receptors for serotonin. "( The pronociceptive effect of ondansetron in the setting of P-glycoprotein inhibition.
Flood, P; Scott, JA; Wood, M, 2006)		2.07
"Ondansetron is an effective adjunctive agent in enhancing the effectiveness and reducing some adverse side effects of antipsychotic therapy for chronic, treatment-resistant schizophrenia, particularly for negative and cognitive symptoms."( Beneficial effects of ondansetron as an adjunct to haloperidol for chronic, treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Kang, WH; Li, Q; Ma, AQ; Wang, XY; Yao, SM; Zhang, ZJ, 2006)		2.09
"Ondansetron is a commonly used medication in the treatment of nausea and vomiting arising from many etiologies, including chemotherapy. "( Ondansetron-associated hypokalemia in a 2-year-old with pre-B-cell ALL.
Pinsk, M; Turner, SR, 2008)		3.23
"Ondansetron is an effective prophylactic antiemetic agent for children undergoing dental surgery. "( Effect of antiemetic therapy on recovery and hospital discharge time. A double-blind assessment of ondansetron, droperidol, and placebo in pediatric patients undergoing ambulatory surgery.
Davis, PJ; Hoffmann, P; Landsman, I; Maloney, K; McGowan, FX, 1995)		1.95
"Ondansetron appears to be a safe and efficacious antiemetic during conditioning for BMT."( Antiemetic efficacy and pharmacokinetics of intravenous ondansetron infusion during chemotherapy conditioning for bone marrow transplant.
Agura, ED; Brown, MC; Donaldson, G; Schaffer, R; Shen, DD, 1995)		1.26
"Ondansetron is a potent and highly selective serotonin 5-HT3-receptor antagonist which has demonstrated important antiemetic activity and good tolerability in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. "( Ondansetron clinical pharmacokinetics.
Del Favero, A; Roila, F, 1995)		3.18
"Ondansetron is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist which has previously been reported in the Journal to be a promising new agent for use as prophylaxis against nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. "( Ondansetron. An update of its therapeutic use in chemotherapy-induced and postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Markham, A; Sorkin, EM, 1993)		3.17
"Oral ondansetron is an effective therapy for the prevention of emesis induced by TBI."( Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of oral ondansetron in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with fractionated total-body irradiation.
Bryson, JC; Cirenza, E; Dubois, A; Foelber, R; Kunka, RL; Plagge, PB; Spitzer, TR; Stout, C; Wallerstadt, M, 1994)		1.04
"Ondansetron is a competitive serotonin 5-HT3 receptor blocker that has proved useful in the prevention of emesis due to cisplatin and other cancer chemotherapeutic agents. "( Ondansetron absorption in adults: effect of dosage form, food, and antacids.
Bozigian, HP; Gooding, AE; Pakes, GE; Pritchard, JF, 1994)		3.17
"Ondansetron is a selective serotonin antagonist which has been shown to be an effective antiemetic agent for patients undergoing radiation or chemotherapy treatment. "( Influence of ondansetron on thermoregulation during exercise in the heat wearing combat clothing.
Bateman, WA; Ducharme, MB; McLellan, TM, 1994)		2.1
"Ondansetron is a well tolerated, efficacious antiemetic which has a similar side effect profile to placebo."( Single dose intravenous ondansetron for the 24-hour treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Claybon, L, 1994)		1.32
"Ondansetron is a new selective serotonin-3-receptor antagonist which has proved to be effective in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. "( [Ondansetron--a new anesthesia relevant antiemetic?].
Bach, A; Böhrer, H; Martin, E, 1994)		2.64
"Ondansetron appears to be a very effective antiemetic drug for use in selected intoxicated patients."( Ondansetron for treating nausea and vomiting in the poisoned patient.
Marx, CM; Reed, MD, 1994)		3.17
"Ondansetron is a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist which has shown activity in the prevention of emesis following cytotoxic and radiation therapy for cancer. "( Ondansetron for efficient emesis control during total body irradiation.
König, V; Riess, H; Schmid, H; Schmidt-Wolf, I; Schwella, N; Schwerdtfeger, R; Siegert, W, 1994)		3.17
"Ondansetron is an antiemetic drug that can be used in the perioperative period without concern for potentiation of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade, change in atracurium maintenance dose, or change in rate of neostigmine-induced recovery from neuromuscular blockade with atracurium."( The effect of ondansetron on atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade.
Embree, PB; Gadalla, F; Kudlak, TT; Lien, CA; Savarese, JJ; Sharp, GJ, )		1.93
"Ondansetron is a potent and highly specific antagonist of the 5-HT3 serotonin receptor."( The addition of ondansetron to the combination of metoclopramide, dexamethasone, and lorazepam did not improve vomiting prevention in patients receiving high-dose cisplatin.
Baltzer, L; Kris, MG; Pisters, KM; Rigas, JR; Tyson, LB, 1994)		1.36
"Ondansetron is a serotonin antagonist that recently has been introduced as a preventive agent for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. "( Comparison of intermittent ondansetron versus continuous infusion metoclopramide used with standard combination antiemetics in control of acute nausea induced by cisplatin chemotherapy.
Kilgore, JR; Navari, RM; Perrine, GM; Province, WS, 1993)		2.03
"Ondansetron (ODS) is a new carbazole which exerts selective and potent antagonism on serotoninergic neurotransmission at serotonin 3 (5-HT3) receptors. "( [Clinical pharmacology of ondansetron].
Robak, T, 1993)		2.03
"Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 antagonist and its antiemetic properties have been established in adults receiving chemotherapy."( The efficacy and safety of ondansetron in the prophylaxis of cancer-chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in children.
Hewitt, M; McQuade, B; Stevens, R, 1993)		1.3
"Oral ondansetron is a safe and effective antiemetic that is more efficacious than placebo for patients receiving cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy."( Efficacy of oral ondansetron in the prevention of emesis in outpatients receiving cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy. The Ondansetron Study Group.
Beck, TM; Chang, A; Ciociola, AA; Galvin, D; Hart, NE; Harvey, WH; Jones, SE; Tchekmedyian, NS, 1993)		1.14
"Ondansetron hydrochloride is a new serotonin receptor antagonist that is effective in preventing emesis associated with cancer chemotherapy. "( Ondansetron: a novel antiemetic agent.
Dukes, GE; Figg, WD; Graham, CL; Hak, LJ, 1993)		3.17
"Ondansetron (Zofran), is a 5-HT3 antagonist, which produces its pharmacological effect by competing with 5-HT receptors at the synapse."( Fluoxetine treatment comprises the antiemetic efficacy of ondansetron in cancer patients.
Koriech, OM, 1995)		1.26
"Ondansetron appears to be a potentially useful adjunct in the management of nausea and vomiting associated with acetaminophen poisoning."( The use of ondansetron in the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with acetaminophen poisoning.
Chen, R; Clark, RF; Harchelroad, F; Johnson, CL; Williams, SR, 1996)		2.13
"Ondansetron is a serotonin receptor antagonist that is effective in preventing and treating PONV."( Ondansetron: perioperative use of a serotonin receptor antagonist for the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting.
Charbonneau, J; Early, TE; Jenkins, P; McKnight, G, 1995)		2.46
"Ondansetron appears to be a beneficial and safe method of relieving pruritus associated with intrathecal morphine."( The use of ondansetron to treat pruritus associated with intrathecal morphine in two paediatric patients.
Arai, L; Dorsey, A; Schwartz, R; Stayer, S, 1996)		1.41
"Ondansetron appears to be an effective drug in about 50% of patients with FM. "( Pathogenetic aspects of responsiveness to ondansetron (5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist) in patients with primary fibromyalgia syndrome--a preliminary study.
Hrycaj, P; Mennet, P; Müller, W; Stratz, T, 1996)		2
"Ondansetron is a selective antagonist at 5-HT3 receptors."( Clinical pharmacokinetics of ondansetron. A review.
Hicks, FM; Simpson, KH, 1996)		1.31
"Ondansetron is a serotonin (5HT) receptor antagonist at both peripheral and central 5-HT3 receptor sites with no known action on dopamine-mediated activity."( Droperidol/ondansetron combination controls nausea and vomiting after tubal banding.
Hamilton, DL; McKenzie, R; Riley, TJ; Uy, NT, 1996)		1.41
"Ondansetron is a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist which is known to be a highly effective anti-emetic drug for chemotherapy-associated nausea and vomiting and for postoperative nausea. "( Treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum with the 5-HT3 antagonist ondansetron (Zofran).
Johnstone, MJ; Tincello, DG, 1996)		1.98
"Ondansetron proved to be an effective medicament for relieving nausea and vomiting during total body irradiation. "( [Acute tolerance in hyperfractionated accelerated whole-body irradiation].
Latz, D; Schraube, P; Wannenmacher, M, 1996)		1.74
"Ondansetron was shown to be a well-tolerated antiemetic and seems to have a higher reductive effect on PONV when given in a single dose and not repetitively."( [Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting with single and repeat administration of ondansetron--review of the literature on different administration forms].
Buhre, W; Kazmaier, S; Mühr, C; Neumann, P; Saur, P, 1996)		1.24
"Ondansetron is a drug used to prevent vomiting, especially in cancer patients after chemotherapy. "( Ondansetron exhibits the properties of a local anesthetic.
Hunt, TE; Mui, WC; Ren, J; Wu, WH; Ye, JH; Zbuzek, VK, 1997)		3.18
"Ondansetron is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist, which reduces the cholera toxin-evoked fluid accumulation in pig jejunum."( Effect of ondansetron on Salmonella typhimurium-induced net fluid accumulation in the pig jejunum in vivo.
Grøndahl, ML; Hansen, MB; Jensen, GM; Nielsen, CG; Olsen, JE; Skadhauge, E, 1997)		1.42
"Ondansetron is an effective medication for the treatment and prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and a dose of ondansetron 0.05 mg/kg is as effective as 0.1 mg/kg and 0.15 mg/kg. "( Ondansetron dose response curve in high-risk pediatric patients.
Kymer, PJ; Lawhorn, CD; Shirey, R; Stewart, FC; Stoner, JM; Volpe, P, 1997)		3.18
"Ondansetron is a relatively new drug whose optimal use is dependent on an understanding of its characteristics and role relative to traditional antiemetics. "( A prospective survey of knowledge and perceptions of ondansetron: what do health care workers know about this drug?
Jewesson, P; Marra, C; Nimmo, CR, 1995)		1.98
"Ondansetron is an antiemetic agent metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. "( The effect of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous ondansetron.
Kivistö, KT; Neuvonen, PJ; Villikka, K, 1999)		1.98
"Ondansetron is an effective and well-tolerated antiemetic, which is used for the prevention of both chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced emesis and nausea."( Efficacy of an ondansetron orally disintegrating tablet: a novel oral formulation of this 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist in the treatment of fractionated radiotherapy-induced nausea and emesis. Emesis Study Group for the Ondansetron Orally Disintegrating Tab
Coster, B; Feyer, P; Franzén, L; Goedhals, L; Graham, E; Haigh, C; LeBourgeois, JP; Marzecki, Z; McKenna, CJ; Mitchell, T; Souhami, L; Stewart, A; Tønnessen, F; Wilkinson, JR, 1999)		1.38
"Ondansetron is a peripherally active antagonist of the serotonin receptor 5-HT3, and is marketed for prevention of vagally-mediated emesis caused by cancer chemotherapeutic agents."( Effect of decreasing afferent vagal activity with ondansetron on symptoms of bulimia nervosa: a randomised, double-blind trial.
Banerjee-Stevens, D; Daughters, RS; Eckert, ED; Faris, PL; Goodale, RL; Hartman, BK; Hofbauer, RD; Kim, SW; Marshall, AM; Meller, WH; Oakman, SA, 2000)		1.28
"Ondansetron is a carbazol with antiemetic properties. "( Adsorption-desorption of ondansetron on latex particles.
Gallardo, V; Llácer, JM; Parera, A; Ruiz, MA, 2000)		2.05
"Ondansetron (OND) is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist that is used therapeutically for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with emetogenic cancer therapy. "( Nasal absorption of ondansetron in rats: an alternative route of drug delivery.
Dakkuri, A; Hussain, AA; Itoh, S, 2000)		2.07
"Ondansetron is a kind of drug which is used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy. "( [Determination of Ondansetron in injection by high performance capillary zone electrophoresis].
Li, H; Shi, W; Yang, Y; Zou, H, 1998)		2.08
"Ondansetron is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine(3) (5-HT(3)) receptor antagonist that has been introduced to clinical practice as an antiemetic for cancer treatment-induced and anesthesia-related nausea and vomiting. "( Ondansetron: a selective 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist and its applications in CNS-related disorders.
Ponnudurai, R; Schaefer, R; Ye, JH, 2001)		3.2
"Ondansetron is a carbazol antiemetic that acts as a competitive, selective inhibitor of 5-HT3 serotonin receptors."( X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy in the polymorphism study of ondansetron hydrochloride.
Delgado, R; Gallardo, V; Llácer, JM; Martin, D; Párraga, J; Ruiz, MA, 2001)		1.27
"Ondansetron is a highly selective 5-HT3 antagonist, which has recently become available for the control of chemotherapy-induced emesis. "( [Ondansetron--the first highly selective 5-HT3 antagonist in therapy of psychiatric diseases].
Broocks, A, 1992)		2.64
"Ondansetron appears to be an excellent antiemetic for use in combination programs because of its highly selective, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3)-blocking properties and its proven single-agent effectiveness and safety."( Rationale for combination antiemetic therapy and strategies for the use of ondansetron in combinations.
Kris, MG, 1992)		1.24
"Ondansetron is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist effective as an antiemetic in patients experiencing post-operative or cancer chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. "( Ondansetron does not affect alfentanil-induced ventilatory depression or sedation.
Dershwitz, M; Di Biase, PM; Joslyn, AF; Rosow, CE; Sanderson, PE; Wilson, RS, 1992)		3.17
"Ondansetron hydrochloride is a selective serotonin subtype 3 (5HT3) receptor antagonist that has been shown to be an effective antiemetic in patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy."( Phase III double-blind comparison of intravenous ondansetron and metoclopramide as antiemetic therapy for patients receiving multiple-day cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
Einhorn, L; House, K; Nagy, C; Sledge, GW, 1992)		1.98
"Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist which is effective and well tolerated as an antiemetic for emesis induced by cancer chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and in the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. "( Clinical pharmacology of ondansetron in postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Baber, N; Frazer, NM; Palmer, JL; Pritchard, JF, 1992)		2.03
"Ondansetron is a highly potent and selective antagonist at 5-HT3 receptors. "( Pharmacology of ondansetron.
Naylor, RJ; Rudd, JA, 1992)		2.07
"Ondansetron is a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used for the treatment of cytotoxic-induced emesis and postoperative nausea and vomiting. "( Safety of ondansetron.
Castle, WM; Greenstreet, YL; Griffiths, CJ; Jukes, AJ; Roden, SM, 1992)		2.13
"Ondansetron is a cost effective and safe antiemetic in children receiving chemotherapy and total body irradiation, minimises weight loss on treatment and enables outpatient chemotherapy in some cases."( Ondansetron antiemetic therapy for chemotherapy and radiotherapy induced vomiting in children.
Abbott, GD; Robinson, BA; Sullivan, MJ, 1992)		3.17
"Ondansetron is a new 5-HT3-antagonist with antiemetic properties."( The effect of ondansetron on radiation-induced emesis and diarrhoea.
Franzén, L; Henriksson, R; Israelsson, G; Lomberg, H; Zackrisson, B, 1992)		1.37
"Ondansetron is a 5-hydroxytryptamine 3-receptor antagonist which has shown activity in the prevention of cytotoxic-induced emesis. "( Results of a randomized, double-blind comparative study of ondansetron and metoclopramide in the prevention of nausea and vomiting following high-dose upper abdominal irradiation.
Adams, M; Collis, CH; Lucraft, H; Priestman, S; Priestman, TJ; Roberts, JT; Upadhyaya, BK, 1990)		1.97
"Ondansetron (GR 38032F) is a highly selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, one of a new class of compounds which may have several therapeutic applications. "( Ondansetron. Therapeutic use as an antiemetic.
Heel, RC; Milne, RJ, 1991)		3.17
"Ondansetron appears to be a promising antiemetic for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting."( Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting using ondansetron, a new, selective, 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.
Leeser, J; Lip, H, 1991)		1.25
"Oral ondansetron is an effective and safe antiemetic for patients receiving noncisplatin cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-based chemotherapy, and its antiemetic activity appears to be dose-related."( Evaluation of three oral dosages of ondansetron in the prevention of nausea and emesis associated with cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin chemotherapy.
Ciociola, A; Esparza, L; Fraschini, G; Holmes, FA; Hortobagyi, GN; Templeton, D; Walters, RS, 1991)		1.01
"Ondansetron is a safe and effective antiemetic drug."( Oral ondansetron (GR38032F) for the control of acute and delayed cyclophosphamide-induced emesis.
Campora, E; Cetto, G; Fosser, V; Marangolo, M; Oliva, C; Rosso, R, )		1.37
"Ondansetron hydrochloride is a specific antagonist of serotonin type 3 (5-HT3) receptors, both in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and in the GI tract."( Ondansetron--the first of a new class of antiemetic agents.
Chaffee, BJ; Tankanow, RM, 1991)		2.45
"Ondansetron (OND) is a new 5-HT3 receptor antagonist that give complete protection from emesis/nausea in approximately 50% of cisplatin (CDDP)-treated patients. "( Prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis: a double-blind multicenter randomized crossover study comparing ondansetron and ondansetron plus dexamethasone.
Amadori, D; Bella, MA; Cognetti, F; Cortesi, E; Donati, D; Favalli, G; Gramazio, V; Marangolo, M; Roila, F; Tonato, M, 1991)		1.94
"Ondansetron is a selective 5-HT3 antagonist with significant antiemetic properties in patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. "( Reduction of carboplatin induced emesis by ondansetron.
Dickson, DS; Evans, BD; Harvey, VJ; Langley, GB; Mak, D; Mitchell, PL; Neave, LM, 1991)		1.99
"Ondansetron appears to be a safe and effective antiemetic when administered during a multiple-day cisplatin-containing chemotherapy regimen."( Ondansetron (GR 38032F): a novel antiemetic effective in patients receiving a multiple-day regimen of cisplatin chemotherapy.
Bryson, JC; Finn, AL; Hainsworth, JD; Khojasteh, A; Omura, GA, 1991)		2.45
"Ondansetron is a selective 5-HT3 antagonist and has clear anti-emetic capabilities."( Effective emetic control during conditioning of children for bone marrow transplantation using ondansetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist.
Cornish, J; Hewitt, M; Oakhill, A; Pamphilon, D, 1991)		1.22
"Ondansetron is a safe and highly effective antiemetic agent."( Control of refractory, chemotherapy-induced emesis with the serotonin antagonist ondansetron (GR38032F).
Ardizzoni, A; Campora, E; Oliva, C; Rosso, R; Vidili, G, 1991)		1.23
"Ondansetron is a specific antagonist of 5-HT3 serotonin receptors."( [Ondansetron: a specific 5-HT3 serotonin receptor inhibitor, a new antiemetic in oncology].
Aubert, B; Bons, J; d'Allens, H; Pappo, M, 1991)		1.91
"Ondansetron is a 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor antagonist for the treatment of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and emesis. "( Determination of ondansetron in plasma and its pharmacokinetics in the young and elderly.
Colthup, PV; Felgate, CC; Palmer, JL; Scully, NL, 1991)		2.06
"Ondansetron is a highly effective non-sedative antiemetic that justifies further assessment in combination with other antiemetics in patients receiving cytotoxic drugs associated with the production of severe nausea and vomiting."( Ondansetron--a new safe and effective antiemetic in patients receiving high-dose melphalan.
Butcher, ME; Gore, ME; McElwain, TJ; Selby, PJ; Viner, CV; Wootton, CM; Zulian, GB, 1990)		2.44
"Ondansetron is an investigational serotonin antagonist that has documented effectiveness for cancer chemotherapy-induced emesis."( Ondansetron: a new entity in emesis control.
Graves, T, 1990)		2.44
"Ondansetron (GR38032F) is a selective antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) type 3 receptors. "( Colonic transit in man is slowed by ondansetron (GR38032F), a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (type 3) antagonist.
Brownless, SM; Gilmore, IT; Gore, S; Haigh, CG; Morris, AI; Stockdale, H, 1990)		2
"Ondansetron is a highly selective and potent antagonist for this receptor type."( Pharmacological and anti-emetic properties of ondansetron.
Bunce, KT; Humphrey, PP; Tyers, MB, 1989)		1.26
"Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist which has shown activity in the prevention of nausea and vomiting resulting from cytotoxic therapy. "( Clinical studies with ondansetron in the control of radiation-induced emesis.
Priestman, TJ, 1989)		2.03
"Ondansetron injection is an aqueous solution containing ondansetron base as the hydrochloride dihydrate. "( Pharmaceutical development of ondansetron injection.
Leak, RE; Woodford, JD, 1989)		2.01

Effects

Ondansetron has a shelf life of about 3 hr; hence, it is a matter of great interest to determine the ideal adsorption-desorption conditions for this drug on latex particles. The drug has a major role in preparing patients for BMT.

Ondansetron has been shown to reduce the incidence of hypotension and vasopressor requirement during spinal anesthesia for obstetric and nonobstetric surgery. It has been found to significantly delay the onset of emesis, and reduce the number of retches and vomits in ferrets receiving cisplatin or cyclophosphamide.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Ondansetron has a preventive effect on PAS without a paralleled side effect of bradycardia."( Efficacy and safety of ondansetron in preventing postanesthesia shivering: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
He, K; Liang, SR; Mou, JH; Su, GZ; Tie, HT; Yuan, HW, 2014)		2.16
"Ondansetron has a half-life of approximately 4 h, hence it is a matter of great interest to determine the ideal conditions for the formation of a drug-polymer complex in order to prolong the duration of the therapeutic action."( Physical characteristics of polymer complexes in suspension obtained from cellulosic latexes with ondansetron.
Gallardo, V; Llácer, JM; Morales, E; Ruiz, A, 2004)		1.26
"Ondansetron has a shelf life of about 3 hr; hence, it is a matter of great interest to determine the ideal adsorption-desorption conditions for this drug on latex particles for designs of formulations (oral suspensions) containing polymers with the aim of delivering different drugs in a prolonged and controlled fashion."( Adsorption-desorption of ondansetron on latex particles.
Gallardo, V; Llácer, JM; Parera, A; Ruiz, MA, 2000)		1.33
"Ondansetron has a well documented antiemetic prophylactic effect, whereas in most studies of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), metoclopramide is less efficacious. "( Incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting are similar after metoclopramide 20 mg and ondansetron 8 mg given by the end of laparoscopic cholecystectomies.
Quaynor, H; Raeder, JC, 2002)		1.97
"Ondansetron has a major role in preparing patients for BMT."( Effective emetic control during conditioning of children for bone marrow transplantation using ondansetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist.
Cornish, J; Hewitt, M; Oakhill, A; Pamphilon, D, 1991)		1.22
"Ondansetron has been shown to reduce the incidence of hypotension and vasopressor requirement during spinal anesthesia for obstetric and nonobstetric surgery. "( A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded Study of the Effect of Intravenous Ondansetron on the Effective Dose in 50% of Subjects of Prophylactic Phenylephrine Infusions for Preventing Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension During Cesarean Delivery.
Chang, X; Chen, X; Ngan Kee, WD; Shen, H; Wei, C; Xiao, F; Xue, L; Zhang, Y, 2020)		2.23
"Ondansetron has also been studied in the treatment of many neuropsychiatric and medical conditions."( Major Congenital Malformation Risk After First Trimester Gestational Exposure to Oral or Intravenous Ondansetron.
Andrade, C, 2020)		1.5
"Ondansetron has been used to deal with the problem of neuraxial morphine-induced pruritus (NMIP)."( Ondansetron for neuraxial morphine-induced pruritus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Sun, L; Wang, W; Zhou, L, 2017)		2.62
"Ondansetron has proven to be a safe and effective adjunct in children with vomiting."( Clinical Pathway Produces Sustained Improvement in Acute Gastroenteritis Care.
Brown, JC; Klein, EJ; Rutman, L, 2017)		1.18
"Ondansetron has been shown to decrease admission rate and the need for intravenous fluids among pediatric emergency department (ED) patients with acute gastroenteritis, but there is limited evidence regarding its use after ED discharge. "( Ondansetron Prescription for Home Use in a Pediatric Emergency Department.
Furnival, RA; Gray, JM; Hendrickson, MA; Lunos, SA; Maewal, JD, 2020)		3.44
"Ondansetron has been reported to reduce the incidence of SAIH in patients undergoing cesarean section."( Does prophylactic ondansetron reduce norepinephrine consumption in patients undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia?
Biricik, E; Büyükkurt, S; Karacaer, F; Ünal, İ; Ünlügenç, H, 2018)		1.54
"Ondansetron has a preventive effect on PAS without a paralleled side effect of bradycardia."( Efficacy and safety of ondansetron in preventing postanesthesia shivering: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
He, K; Liang, SR; Mou, JH; Su, GZ; Tie, HT; Yuan, HW, 2014)		2.16
"Ondansetron has negligible effect on uremic pruritus and is expensive."( Comparison of pregabalin with ondansetron in treatment of uraemic pruritus in dialysis patients: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study.
Jiao, S; Meng, J; Ren, W; Xiao, Y; Yue, J; Zhao, T, 2015)		1.43
"Ondansetron use has increased significantly; however, 'real-world' studies of effectiveness have documented less impressive clinical impacts."( Ondansetron and probiotics in the management of pediatric acute gastroenteritis in developed countries.
Finkelstein, Y; Freedman, SB; Schnadower, D, 2015)		2.58
"Ondansetron has been shown to decrease postanesthesia shivering in adults, but this effect has never been studied in children. "( Preventative effect of ondansetron on postanesthesia shivering in children undergoing caudal anesthesia: a randomized double-blinded clinical trial.
Hu, Y; Huang, W; Jin, Z; Lin, H; Wang, J, 2016)		2.19
"Ondansetron has been proved to be valid in preventing postanaesthesia shivering (PAS) in several studies."( Efficiency and safety of ondansetron in preventing postanaesthesia shivering.
He, K; Zhao, H; Zhou, HC, 2016)		1.46
"Ondansetron has been suggested as an adjunctive treatment."( Ondansetron in acute food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome, a retrospective case-control study.
Bersani, G; Campbell, D; Cerchiara, G; Lee, E; Mehr, S; Miceli Sopo, S; Monaco, S, 2017)		2.62
"Ondansetron has been shown to reduce pruritus but the effect is short-lived."( Reduction of severity of pruritus after elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia with subarachnoid morphine: a randomised comparison of prophylactic granisetron and ondansetron.
Carey, M; Choroszczak, P; Immani, S; Ojo, R; Tan, T, 2010)		1.28
"Ondansetron use has increased significantly and is associated with reductions in the use of intravenous rehydration, emergency department revisits, and length of stay. "( Time-series analysis of ondansetron use in pediatric gastroenteritis.
Chan, KJ; Cho, D; Freedman, SB; Rumantir, M; Tung, C, 2012)		2.13
"Ondansetron has emerged as a promising medication for the treatment of alcohol dependence, mainly among early-onset alcoholics. "( A pilot study of full-dose ondansetron to treat heavy-drinking men withdrawing from alcohol in Brazil.
Baltieri, DA; Corrêa Filho, JM, 2013)		2.13
"Ondansetron has been shown to be an effective treatment for early-onset alcoholism. "( Ondansetron reduces mood disturbance among biologically predisposed, alcohol-dependent individuals.
Ait-Daoud, N; Johnson, BA; Ma, JZ; Wang, Y, 2003)		3.2
"Ondansetron has been used widely in plastic surgery to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. "( Ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: which is the best dosage for aesthetic plastic surgery?
Barbosa, MV; Bariani, RL; Farah, AB; Ferreira, LM; João, BB; Nahas, FX, )		3.02
"Ondansetron has a half-life of approximately 4 h, hence it is a matter of great interest to determine the ideal conditions for the formation of a drug-polymer complex in order to prolong the duration of the therapeutic action."( Physical characteristics of polymer complexes in suspension obtained from cellulosic latexes with ondansetron.
Gallardo, V; Llácer, JM; Morales, E; Ruiz, A, 2004)		1.26
"Ondansetron has been shown to be effective in the treatment of early-onset adult alcohol dependence. "( A prospective, open-label trial of ondansetron in adolescents with alcohol dependence.
Ait-Daoud, N; Cornelius, JR; Dawes, MA; Johnson, BA; Ma, JZ, 2005)		2.05
"Ondansetron has been well tolerated when used to control nausea and vomiting in patients receiving chemotherapy."( Ondansetron for acute gastroenteritis in children.
Goldman, RD; Mehta, S, 2006)		2.5
"Ondansetron has had a major impact on the prevention of emesis in patients receiving chemotherapy. "( A randomized trial of the effects of pharmacist intervention on the cost of antiemetic therapy with ondansetron.
Dranitsaris, G; Puodziunas, A; Warr, D, 1995)		1.95
"Ondansetron has been shown to be highly effective in preventing nausea and vomiting in children treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy."( Variation in the use of ondansetron as an antiemetic drug in children treated with chemotherapy.
Kurtin, P; Ninane, J; Ozkaynak, MF; Siegel, SE, 1995)		1.32
"Oral ondansetron has shown efficacy in such trials, but the standard of care for preventing chemotherapy-induced emesis is not placebo."( Oral ondansetron for preventing nausea and vomiting.
Cooke, CE; Mehra, IV, 1994)		1.26
"Ondansetron has shown its activity and safety also in multiple-day cisplatin regimens."( Cisplatinum based chemotherapy: role of the antiserotoninergic ondansetron in prevention of emesis.
D'Antona, A; Locatelli, MC; Luporini, G, 1993)		1.25
"Ondansetron has been shown to be more active and less toxic than high-dose metoclopramide in patients submitted to cisplatin chemotherapy."( Ondansetron.
Ballatori, E; Basurto, C; Bracarda, S; Del Favero, A; Lupattelli, M; Picciafuoco, M; Roila, F; Sassi, M; Tonato, M, 1993)		2.45
"Ondansetron has also been found to be effective in the prevention or treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting and other studies are underway to investigate its potential use in other clinical settings."( Global experience with ondansetron and future potential.
Butcher, ME, )		1.16
"Ondansetron has proven to be appropriate as a single agent or as an addition to standard antiemetic therapy (ie, corticosteroids, benzodiazepines, neurotransmitter blockers) in preventing and treating acute chemotherapy-induced emesis (CIE)."( Ondansetron: a novel antiemetic agent.
Dukes, GE; Figg, WD; Graham, CL; Hak, LJ, 1993)		2.45
"Ondansetron use has improved the control of post-chemotherapy nausea, vomiting, and retching."( Nurses' perceptions of antiemetic effectiveness.
Johnson, M; McDaniel, RW; Rhodes, VA; Simms, SG, 1995)		1.01
"Ondansetron has been used to treat the pruritus in patients with cholestatic diseases or renal insufficiency, suggesting that pruritus may be mediated by serotonin."( Treatment of opioid-induced pruritus with ondansetron: report of four patients.
Goldberg, ME; Larijani, GE; Rogers, KH, )		1.12
"Ondansetron has also been used to manage nausea and vomiting in other patients."( Use of ondansetron in palliative medicine.
Cooney, NJ; Coughlan, M; Currow, DC; Fardell, B, 1997)		1.47
"Ondansetron availability has been associated with changes in the clinical management of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and with overall cost savings compared with previously available antiemetic therapy."( Costs of treating and preventing nausea and vomiting in patients receiving chemotherapy.
Coyle, D; Dahrouge, S; Evans, WK; Stewart, DJ, 1999)		1.75
"Ondansetron has a shelf life of about 3 hr; hence, it is a matter of great interest to determine the ideal adsorption-desorption conditions for this drug on latex particles for designs of formulations (oral suspensions) containing polymers with the aim of delivering different drugs in a prolonged and controlled fashion."( Adsorption-desorption of ondansetron on latex particles.
Gallardo, V; Llácer, JM; Parera, A; Ruiz, MA, 2000)		1.33
"Ondansetron has been approved for the treatment and prevention of postoperative emesis. "( Failure of prevention against postoperative vomiting by ondansetron or prochlorperazine in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopy.
Buerkle, H; Hsu, TY; Lee, TC; Lee, TH; Lin, CR; Mao, CC; Yang, LC, 2000)		2
"Ondansetron has shown good efficacy in the prevention of acute nausea and vomiting in children receiving moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy and/or irradiation, particularly when combined with dexamethasone. "( Ondansetron: a review of its use as an antiemetic in children.
Bhana, N; Culy, CR; Plosker, GL, 2001)		3.2
"Ondansetron has a well documented antiemetic prophylactic effect, whereas in most studies of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), metoclopramide is less efficacious. "( Incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting are similar after metoclopramide 20 mg and ondansetron 8 mg given by the end of laparoscopic cholecystectomies.
Quaynor, H; Raeder, JC, 2002)		1.97
"Ondansetron (Zofran) has proven benefit in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting if given before general anesthesia in a variety of surgical procedures."( The prevention of emesis in plastic surgery: a randomized, prospective study.
Chao, JD; Few, JW; Fine, NA; Marcus, JR; Mustoe, TA, 2002)		1.04
"Ondansetron (GR 38032) has potent and highly selective antagonist properties at the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) 5-HT3 receptor. "( Pharmacology and preclinical antiemetic properties of ondansetron.
Tyers, MB, 1992)		1.97
"Ondansetron has also been shown to be effective in children and the elderly in the control of cytotoxic-induced emesis."( Experience with ondansetron in chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced emesis.
Dicato, MA; Freeman, AJ, 1992)		1.35
"Ondansetron has also been shown to be effective in controlling nausea and vomiting in patients receiving cyclophosphamide with an anthracycline and in patients receiving combination therapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil."( Ondansetron--the first of a new class of antiemetic agents.
Chaffee, BJ; Tankanow, RM, 1991)		2.45
"Ondansetron has a major role in preparing patients for BMT."( Effective emetic control during conditioning of children for bone marrow transplantation using ondansetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist.
Cornish, J; Hewitt, M; Oakhill, A; Pamphilon, D, 1991)		1.22
"Ondansetron has marked activity against emesis associated with cisplatin and other highly emetogenic drugs."( Ondansetron: a serotonin receptor (5-HT3) antagonist for antineoplastic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Goldspiel, BR; Kohler, DR, 1991)		2.45
"Ondansetron has been found to significantly delay the onset of emesis, and reduce the number of retches and vomits in ferrets receiving cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, or radiation, at much lower doses than metoclopramide and without the associated side effects."( Pharmacological and anti-emetic properties of ondansetron.
Bunce, KT; Humphrey, PP; Tyers, MB, 1989)		1.26

Actions

Ondansetron did not cause any worsening in basic PD symptoms or levodopa efficacy and was well tolerated with no major side effects. The ondansetton group had a lower nausea and vomiting scores, and more patients were free from nausea and vomitting than the control group. OndansETron is known to cause QT interval prolongation, but this effect has not been prospectively studied in adult emergency department (ED) patients.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Ondansetron does not inhibit subarachnoid morphine-induced pruritus."( Comparison of droperidol and ondansetron prophylactic effect on subarachnoid morphine-induced pruritus.
Behrensdorf, AP; Boabaid, R; Brião, FF; de Barros, GA; Horta, BL; Horta, ML; Nunes, MA; Real, A; Severo, I, )		1.87
"Ondansetron is known to cause QT interval prolongation, but this effect and clinical significance has not been prospectively studied in adult emergency department (ED) patients. "( Intravenous Ondansetron and the QT Interval in Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Study.
Cartwright, L; Grossart, EA; Kang, CS; Moffett, PM; O'Keefe, D, 2016)		2.26
"Ondansetron can cause dose-dependent QT prolongation effects, which are more clinically relevant when other proarrhythmic elements are present. "( Fatal Cardiac Arrest in 2 Children: Possible Role of Ondansetron.
Boucher, J; Brenner, SM, 2016)		2.13
"Ondansetron did not inhibit behavior in control animals."( Ondansetron given in the acute withdrawal from a repeated cocaine sensitization dosing regimen reverses the expression of sensitization and inhibits self-administration.
Davidson, C; Ellinwood, EH; Lee, TH; Xiong, Z, 2002)		2.48
"The ondansetron group had a lower nausea and vomiting scores, and more patients were free from nausea and vomiting than the control group (41 vs."( Antiemetic effect of ondansetron 0.2 mg mL-1 in PCA morphine solution.
Boonmak, P; Boonmak, S; Bunsaengjaroen, P; Nonlhaopol, D; Poomsawat, S; Srichaipanha, S, 2007)		1.14
"Ondansetron did not cause any worsening in basic PD symptoms or levodopa efficacy and was well tolerated with no major side effects."( Psychosis in advanced Parkinson's disease: treatment with ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.
Friedberg, G; Livneh, M; Melamed, E; Zoldan, J, 1995)		1.26

Treatment

Ondansetron treatment reduced the severity of NOWS symptoms and could reduce the length of stay. The group treated showed a greater need for re-administration of the medication (50.6% vs. 50.6%) Ondansettingron pretreatment did not have a significant effect on the imaging correlates of opioid withdrawal.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Ondansetron treatment reduced the severity of NOWS symptoms; and there was an indication that it could reduce the length of stay."( Ondansetron to reduce neonatal opioid withdrawal severity a randomized clinical trial.
Adeniyi-Jones, S; Argani, C; Cohane, C; Drover, D; Govindaswami, B; Jansson, LM; Jegatheesan, P; Khan, S; Kraft, WK; Peltz, G; Shafer, S; Wang, M; Wu, M, 2023)		3.8
"The ondansetron-treated group showed a greater need for re-administration of the medication (50.6% vs."( Ondansetron or promethazine: Which one is better for the treatment of acute peripheral vertigo?
Kazemnejad-Leili, E; Nemati, S; Pourshafie, SH; Saberi, A; Sayad-Fathi, S; Sutohian, S, )		2.05
"Ondansetron pretreatment did not have a significant effect on the imaging correlates of opioid withdrawal."( Acute opioid withdrawal is associated with increased neural activity in reward-processing centers in healthy men: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
Alva, H; Chu, LF; Clark, JD; Clemenson, A; Encisco, E; Erlendson, M; Hoang, D; Lin, JC; Sun, J; Younger, JW, 2015)		1.14
"Ondansetron treatment caused a statistically significantly higher Cmax of metformin compared with placebo (18.3 ± 5.05 versus 15.2 ± 3.23; P = 0.006) and apparently decreased the renal clearance of metformin by 37% as compared with placebo (P = 0.001)."( Effect of Ondansetron on Metformin Pharmacokinetics and Response in Healthy Subjects.
Guo, D; Li, Q; Polli, JE; Shu, Y; Yang, H; Zhang, T; Zhou, H, 2016)		1.56
"Ondansetron treatment restored phos-p38 MAPK expression as compared with vehicle-treated haemorrhaged rats."( Ondansetron attenuates hepatic injury via p38 MAPK-dependent pathway in a rat haemorrhagic shock model.
Liu, FC; Liu, FW; Yu, HP, 2011)		2.53
"Ondansetron treatment did not affect basal gastric tone (173 ± 14 vs 156 ± 12 mL), neither did it affect the amplitude of the meal-induced relaxation (160 ± 52 vs 131 ± 43 mL) or the maximum volume increase after the meal (264 ± 54 mL vs 234 ± 51 mL)."( Influence of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron on gastric sensorimotor function and nutrient tolerance in healthy volunteers.
Janssen, P; Tack, J; Van Oudenhove, L; Vos, R, 2011)		1.35
"Ondansetron pretreatment may be used to reduce the incidence of pain on injection of propofol, an advantage added to the useful prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting."( Ondansetron pretreatment reduces pain on injection of propofol.
Maleki, A; Rostami, G; Zahedi, H, 2012)		2.54
"The ondansetron treated rats showed only a non-significant decrease in break point."( Ondansetron given in the acute withdrawal from a repeated cocaine sensitization dosing regimen reverses the expression of sensitization and inhibits self-administration.
Davidson, C; Ellinwood, EH; Lee, TH; Xiong, Z, 2002)		2.24
"Ondansetron treatment also resulted in fewer patients requiring rescue medication or assumed to have had rescue upon early discontinuation from the study during the postoperative period (ondansetron, 5%; placebo, 10%) and less emesis (0 of 6) after rescue medication when compared with placebo (7 of 21)."( A double-blind comparison of intravenous ondansetron and placebo for preventing postoperative emesis in 1- to 24-month-old pediatric patients after surgery under general anesthesia.
Anschuetz, GC; Ansermino, JM; Blackburn, LM; Bolos, ME; Brooks, PB; Cohen, IT; Coté, CJ; Davis, PJ; Hannallah, RS; Khalil, SN; Roth, AG; Russo, MW; Simhi, E, 2005)		1.32
"In ondansetron-pretreated group, insulin administration could produce only mild acceleration of SIT (23.5%)."( An inherent acceleratory effect of insulin on small intestinal transit and its pharmacological characterization in normal mice.
Dkhar, SA; Naveen, AT; Peddyreddy, MK; Ramaswamy, S; Shewade, DG, 2006)		0.85
"The ondansetron-treated group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with a 30% or greater baseline-to-endpoint reduction in PANSS total score than placebo."( Beneficial effects of ondansetron as an adjunct to haloperidol for chronic, treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Kang, WH; Li, Q; Ma, AQ; Wang, XY; Yao, SM; Zhang, ZJ, 2006)		1.13
"Ondansetron-treated patients had significantly shorter hospital stays than droperidol-treated patients, but recovery parameters were similar between the ondansetron- and placebo-treated patients."( Effect of antiemetic therapy on recovery and hospital discharge time. A double-blind assessment of ondansetron, droperidol, and placebo in pediatric patients undergoing ambulatory surgery.
Davis, PJ; Hoffmann, P; Landsman, I; Maloney, K; McGowan, FX, 1995)		1.23
"The ondansetron-treated patients experienced only a mild headache as their only toxicity and had significantly (P 0.0026) less diarrhea, akathisia, and acute dystonic reactions than the patients receiving the metoclopramide regimen."( Comparison of intermittent ondansetron versus continuous infusion metoclopramide used with standard combination antiemetics in control of acute nausea induced by cisplatin chemotherapy.
Kilgore, JR; Navari, RM; Perrine, GM; Province, WS, 1993)		1.06
"Ondansetron pretreatment significantly reduced their plasma cortisol response to m-CPP without affecting the other plasma hormone responses."( Behavioral, physiological and neuroendocrine responses in healthy volunteers to m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) with and without ondansetron pretreatment.
Baldemore, D; Briggs, NC; Broocks, A; Canter, SK; Hill, JL; Murphy, DL; Pigott, TA; Tolliver, TJ, 1997)		1.22
"Ondansetron-treated patients reached criteria for home readiness one-half hour sooner than placebo-treated patients (P < 0.05)."( Single-dose ondansetron prevents postoperative vomiting in pediatric outpatients.
Cohen, IT; Colingo, K; Creed, MR; Davis, PJ; Donlon, JV; Ferrari, LR; Haberkern, CM; Hannallah, RS; McGowan, FX; Orr, RJ; Parasuraman, TV; Patel, RI; Prillaman, BA; Rimar, S, 1997)		1.4
"Ondansetron pretreatment did not alter the pentagastrin-induced cortisol increase but significantly prolonged the pentagastrin-induced increase in ACTH."( Effects of the 5-HT3 antagonist, ondansetron, on the behavioral and physiological effects of pentagastrin in patients with panic disorder and social phobia.
Geraci, M; McCann, UD; Morgan, CM; Murphy, DL; Post, RM; Slate, SO, 1997)		1.3
"Ondansetron pretreatment had no effect on the prolactin response to clomipramine challenge. "( The effects of serotonin3 receptor blockade on the psychobiological response to intravenous clomipramine in healthy human subjects.
Bebchuk, JM; Carson, SW; Ekstrom, RD; Golden, RN; Heine, AD; Leatherman, ME, 1999)		1.75
"Ondansetron treatment was associated with a significant decrease in the severity of tics."( Ondansetron treatment in patients with Tourette's syndrome.
Cohen, DJ; Laor, N; Toren, P; Weizman, A; Wolmer, L, 1999)		2.47
"Ondansetron treats intrathecal morphine-induced pruritus after cesarean delivery, particularly in patients suffering from both nausea/vomiting and pruritus."( Ondansetron for treatment of intrathecal morphine-induced pruritus after cesarean delivery.
Charuluxananan, S; Kyokong, O; Nimcharoendee, K; Somboonviboon, W, )		3.02
"Ondansetron-treated subjects had fewer emetic episodes (p less than 0.001) and lower subjective nausea scores (p less than 0.001)."( Ondansetron is effective in decreasing postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Dershwitz, M; Di Biase, PM; Joslyn, AF; Rosow, CE; Sanderson, PE, 1992)		2.45
"Pre-treatment with ondansetron 4 mg IV was compared against placebo on nausea and vomiting following the standard (20.25 h) regimen, or a novel 12 h NAC regimen in paracetamol poisoning."( Scottish and Newcastle antiemetic pre-treatment for paracetamol poisoning study (SNAP).
Bateman, DN; Coyle, J; Dear, JW; Eddleston, M; Gray, A; Lewis, S; Sandilands, EA; Thanacoody, HK; Thomas, SH; Webb, DJ, 2013)		0.71
"Pretreatment with ondansetron, a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, which is used to treat nausea in patients in chemo- or radiation therapy, attenuated hypothermia by ~30%."( Thermoregulatory correlates of nausea in rats and musk shrews.
Cerri, M; Corrigan, JJ; Del Vecchio, F; Dragic, AS; Kamphee, A; Nalivaiko, E; Ngampramuan, S; Romanovsky, AA; Rudd, JA, 2014)		0.73
"Treatment with ondansetron was started on day 15."( Ondansetron attenuates depression co-morbid with obesity in obese mice subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress; an approach using behavioral battery tests.
Gupta, D; Kurhe, Y; Radhakrishnan, M, 2014)		2.18
"Treatment with ondansetron was associated with decreased odds of postanesthesia shivering symptoms compared to the control group. "( Preventative effect of ondansetron on postanesthesia shivering in children undergoing caudal anesthesia: a randomized double-blinded clinical trial.
Hu, Y; Huang, W; Jin, Z; Lin, H; Wang, J, 2016)		1.1
"Treatment with ondansetron compared with placebo increased the chance for vomiting cessation up to 1 h after drug administration, relative risk, RR, 1.49 (95% confidence interval 1.17-1.89), but there was no difference between the groups after 4, 24 and 48 h."( Systematic review with meta-analysis: ondansetron for vomiting in children with acute gastroenteritis.
Kołodziej, M; Szajewska, H; Tomasik, E; Ziółkowska, E, 2016)		1.05
"Treat with ondansetron is safe, and may reduce PAS. "( Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the efficacy and safety of ondansetron in preventing postanesthesia shivering.
Hu, X; Li, K; Li, M; Tan, Y; Tang, Z; Yang, B, 2016)		1.05
"Pretreatment with ondansetron or metoclopramide does not reduce oral contrast solution ingestion time."( Pretreatment of patients requiring oral contrast abdominal computed tomography with antiemetics: a randomized controlled trial of efficacy.
Bamber, D; Chohan, J; Garra, G; Singer, AJ; Thode, HC; Troxell, R, 2009)		0.69
"Pre-treatment with ondansetron abolished the accelerating effect of erythromycin by restoring the emptying times to placebo levels."( Octreotide enhances the accelerating effect of erythromycin on gastric emptying in healthy subjects.
Athanasakis, E; Chrysos, E; Karkavitsas, N; Tsiaoussis, J; Xynos, E; Zoras, OJ, 2002)		0.63
"Pretreatment with ondansetron, Y-25130, fluphenazine and their combination significantly attenuated COC-induced behaviors during repeated treatment but not on the test for sensitization. "( Pretreatment with serotonin 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists produces no observable blockade of long-term motor sensitization to cocaine in rats.
Frys, KA; Kalivas, PW; Szumlinski, KK, 2003)		0.65
"Pretreatment with ondansetron or MDL 72222 reduced the increase in striatal DA release induced by 10 mg/kg morphine but not by 1 mg/kg morphine, haloperidol, amphetamine or cocaine."( Conditional involvement of striatal serotonin3 receptors in the control of in vivo dopamine outflow in the rat striatum.
De Deurwaerdère, P; Moison, D; Porras, G; Spampinato, U, 2003)		0.64
"The treatment with ondansetron may also have effects on the pruritus of patients with cholestasis."( [Pathogenesis and treatment of pruritus in patients with cholestasis].
Blumenstein, I; Schirrmacher, S; Stein, J, 2003)		0.64
"Pre-treatment with ondansetron, at doses of 2 and 4 mg/kg, did not affect the antinociceptive activity of paracetamol in the hot-plate test and in the paw pressure test. "( Differential involvement of central 5-HT1B and 5-HT3 receptor subtypes in the antinociceptive effect of paracetamol.
Pini, LA; Sandrini, M; Vitale, G, 2003)		0.65
"Treatment with ondansetron was necessary in seven low-risk and 37 high-risk patients with a complete response rate of 71% (low-risk) and 43% (high-risk)."( A risk adapted approach reduces the overall institutional incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Apfel, CC; Biedler, A; Dethling, J; Kunitz, O; Müller, A; Wermelt, J; Wilhelm, W, 2004)		0.66
"Treatment with ondansetron (1.0 mg/kg) significantly reduced the scopolamine-induced working memory deficits."( Ondansetron amelioration of scopolamine induced cognitive deficits in three-panel runway apparatus in rats.
Kela, AK; Kumar, N, 2004)		2.11
"Pretreatment with ondansetron (0.5 mM) antagonized the m-CPBG (2.0 mM)-induced reduction of REMS and of the number of REM periods."( Activation of the serotonin 5-HT3 receptor in the dorsal raphe nucleus suppresses REM sleep in the rat.
Jantos, H; Monti, JM, 2008)		0.67
"Treatment with ondansetron significantly reduced the number of episodes of nausea and vomiting, as well as the urinary values for serotonin and 5-HIAA."( Ondansetron, an antagonist of 5-HT3 receptors, in the treatment of antineoplastic drug-induced nausea and vomiting in children.
Calabria, C; Casale, F; Di Tullio, M; Indolfi, P; Lampa, E; Lucarelli, C; Matera, MG; Rossi, F, 1993)		2.07
"Pretreatment with ondansetron significantly attenuated several of the subjective pleasurable effects of alcohol, and also decreased the subjective desire to drink."( Attenuation of some alcohol-induced mood changes and the desire to drink by 5-HT3 receptor blockade: a preliminary study in healthy male volunteers.
Campling, GM; Cowen, PJ; Griffiths, P; Johnson, BA, 1993)		0.61
"Pretreatment with ondansetron failed to significantly affect either the number of reinforcers obtained or the ISRT."( Parameters of self-administration of cocaine in rats under a progressive-ratio schedule.
Depoortere, RY; Emmett-Oglesby, MW; Lane, JD; Li, DH, 1993)		0.61
"Pretreatment with ondansetron inhibited cisplatin-induced kaolin intake."( Pica in rats is analogous to emesis: an animal model in emesis research.
Hasegawa, S; Matsunaga, T; Morita, M; Takeda, N, 1993)		0.61
"Pretreatment with ondansetron, however completely blocked the analgesic effect of nifedipine, with tail-flick latency remaining at baseline throughout the measurement period."( Ondansetron blocks nifedipine-induced analgesia in rats.
Hunt, TE; Wu, W; Zbuzek, VK, 1996)		2.06
"A treatment with ondansetrone was considered to be safe in this patient."( [The clinicopharmacological case (5). serotonin reuptake inhibitor and 5-HT3-receptor antagonists: are there clinically relevant interactions?].
Fattinger, K; Kind, B; Krähenbühl, S; Meier-Abt, PJ, 1996)		0.62
"Pretreatment with ondansetron did not affect peak behavioral responses to m-CPP, but was associated with a significantly earlier return to baseline levels of ratings of anxiety and functional deficit as well as a summary measure of overall behavioral effects."( Behavioral, physiological and neuroendocrine responses in healthy volunteers to m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) with and without ondansetron pretreatment.
Baldemore, D; Briggs, NC; Broocks, A; Canter, SK; Hill, JL; Murphy, DL; Pigott, TA; Tolliver, TJ, 1997)		0.83
"Pretreatment with ondansetron (0.01 and 1 microgram/kg i.p.) but not with tropisetron (1, 10, and 30 micrograms/kg i.p.) reversed scopolamine-induced memory deficits in the step-through passive avoidance task."( Different effects of tropisetron and ondansetron in learning and memory paradigms.
Borsini, F; Pitsikas, N, 1997)		0.89
"Pretreatment with ondansetron (1 X 10(-5) mg/kg, i.p.) enhanced the antidepressant-like effects of sub-active doses of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors."( Partial role of 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors in the activity of antidepressants in the mouse forced swimming test.
Bourin, M; Redrobe, JP, 1997)		0.62
"Pretreatment with ondansetron or ICS 205-930, in doses ranging from 0.001 to 0.1 mg/kg (s.c), did not modify ethanol or cocaine induced stimulation of activity."( Effects of 5-HT3, D1 and D2 receptor antagonists on ethanol- and cocaine-induced locomotion.
Higgins, G; Lê, AD; Quan, B; Sellers, EM; Tomkins, D, )		0.45
"Treatment with ondansetron was well tolerated, onset of action was rapid, and response rates were high and sustained over time."( Use of ondansetron in palliative medicine.
Cooney, NJ; Coughlan, M; Currow, DC; Fardell, B, 1997)		1.09
"Pretreatment with ondansetron did not affect any of the self-rated behavioral symptoms."( Acute intravenous administration of ondansetron and m-CPP, alone and in combination, in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): behavioral and biological results.
Broocks, A; Canter, S; Grady, TA; Hill, JL; L'Heureux, F; Murphy, DL; Pigott, TA, 1998)		0.9
"Pretreatment with ondansetron (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg, s.c.) effectively attenuated this ethanol-induced place preference."( Roles of 5-HT3 and opioid receptors in the ethanol-induced place preference in rats exposed to conditioned fear stress.
Matsuzawa, S; Misawa, M; Nagase, H; Suzuki, T, 1999)		0.63
"Pretreatment with ondansetron totally reversed all of the effects of erythromycin to the placebo state."( The effect of erythromycin on human esophageal motility is mediated by serotonin receptors.
Athanasakis, H; Chrysos, E; Epanomeritakis, E; Koutsoumbi, P; Tsiaoussis, J; Vassilakis, JS; Xynos, E; Zoras, O, 2000)		0.63
"Pretreatment with ondansetron attenuated the effects of amphetamine on hunger and subjective state, but not on blood pressure or psychomotor performance tests."( Ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, partially attenuates the effects of amphetamine: a pilot study in healthy volunteers.
Cowen, PJ; Johnson, B; Oldman, D; Silverstone, PH, 1992)		2.05
"Pre-treatment with ondansetron (0.01-1 mg/kg SC) or MDL 72,222 (1-3 mg/kg SC) failed to affect the incidence of these responses except weight loss, which was attenuated by both treatments."( Effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists on behavioural measures of naloxone-precipitated opioid withdrawal.
Higgins, GA; Joharchi, N; Nguyen, P; Sellers, EM, 1991)		0.6
"Pretreatment with ondansetron (0.1 mg kg-1 and 1 mg kg-1 s.c., 15 min before amphetamine) failed to modify the effects of amphetamine."( 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron does not alter effects of amphetamine on DA metabolism.
Hietala, J; Koulu, M; Lappalainen, J; Sjöholm, B; Virtanen, R, 1990)		0.9

Toxicity

Ondansetron may be safe in lower doses used to prevent nausea and vomiting in radiation treatment or postoperatively. In adult patients receiving single-day chemotherapy, the incidence of adverse events was 45% with IV ondansetrons and 59% with metoclopramide.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" From the above, Ondansetron injection which showed sufficient anti-emetic effects on acute emesis and delayed emesis induced by a high single dose or lower multiple doses of cisplatin with its once daily intravenous dose given for 3-5 consecutive days, were considered a safe and clinically useful anti-emetic."( [Anti-emetic effect and safety of consecutive use of ondansetron injection in cisplatin-induced nausea and emesis].
Akasaka, Y; Ariyoshi, Y; Furue, H; Ikeda, M; Niitani, H; Ohta, J; Ota, K; Suminaga, M; Taguchi, T; Tsukagoshi, S, 1992)		0.87
" Adverse events (headache and constipation) were observed in 1 case and abnormal change in clinical laboratory findings (increase in eosinophil count) in another case."( [Examination of anti-emetic effect and safety of multiple intravenous doses of ondansetron in patients receiving nonplatinum anti-cancer drugs].
Akasaka, Y; Ariyoshi, Y; Furue, H; Ikeda, M; Niitani, H; Nukariya, N; Ohta, J; Ota, K; Taguchi, T; Tsukagoshi, S, 1992)		0.51
" In adult patients receiving single-day chemotherapy, the incidence of adverse events was 36% with ondansetron (n = 647) and 50% with metoclopramide (n = 498)."( Toxicity and side effects of ondansetron.
Finn, AL, 1992)		0.79
" From the above, ondansetron which exerted adequate anti-emetic effect in 4 mg once daily doses was considered as a useful and safe anti-emetic in treatment of nausea and emesis associated with cancer chemotherapy."( [Examination of inhibitory effect, safety and usefulness of SN-307 (ondansetron) administered orally once daily for 3-5 consecutive days on nausea and emesis associated with non-platinum anti-cancer drugs].
Akasaka, Y; Ariyoshi, Y; Furue, H; Ikeda, M; Niitani, H; Ohta, J; Ota, K; Suminaga, M; Taguchi, T; Tsukagoshi, S, 1992)		0.86
"During late 1991, a series of severe adverse events involving thrombocytopenia, renal insufficiency and thrombotic episodes was observed in patients receiving emetogenic chemotherapy."( Severe vascular adverse effects with thrombocytopenia and renal failure following emetogenic chemotherapy and ondansetron.
Childs, A; Coates, AS; Cox, K; Forsyth, C; Grygiel, JJ; Joshua, DE; McNeil, E, 1992)		0.5
" In adult patients receiving single-day chemotherapy, the incidence of adverse events was 45% with IV ondansetron (n = 317) and 59% with metoclopramide (n = 279)."( Clinical safety of ondansetron.
Bryson, JC, 1992)		0.83
" Ondansetron was well tolerated, with no significant drug-related adverse events."( [Gastrointestinal toxicity induced by anticancer drugs--including new antiemetic drugs].
Sampi, K; Taguchi, T, 1990)		1.19
" This selective 5HT3 antagonist is effective and safe in the control of ifosfamide-induced emesis, even in patients resistant to high-dose metoclopramide."( The efficacy and safety of GR38032F in the prophylaxis of ifosfamide-induced nausea and vomiting.
Challoner, T; Green, JA; Griggs, J; Hammond, P; Watkin, SW, 1989)		0.28
" None of the protective drugs inhibited the initial 5-HT loss following MDMA, rendering unlikely any proposal that they are protective because they inhibit 5-HT release and the subsequent formation ofa toxic indole derivative."( A study of the mechanism of MDMA ('ecstasy')-induced neurotoxicity of 5-HT neurones using chlormethiazole, dizocilpine and other protective compounds.
Colado, MI; Green, AR, 1994)		0.29
"15 mg/kg every 4 to 6 hours appears to be effective and safe as an antiemetic drug in children during pretransplant conditioning with chemotherapeutic agents."( Efficacy and safety of ondansetron in pediatric patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
Hui, LN; Koepke, J; Nahata, MC, )		0.44
" Thus, controlling the adverse side effects associated with radiation therapy is critical to optimal patient care."( Controlling the toxicity of palliative radiotherapy: the role of 5-HT3 antagonists.
Priestman, TJ, 1996)		0.29
" Fewer patients from the OND group (13%) reported adverse events compared with the MET group (21%)."( A randomised, double-blind, parallel-group study to compare the efficacy and safety of ondansetron (GR38032F) plus dexamethasone with metoclopramide plus dexamethasone in the prophylaxis of nausea and emesis induced by carboplatin chemotherapy.
Andersson, H; Capstick, V; du Bois, A; Kitchener, H; Lahousen, M; McKenna, CJ; Pinter, T; Wilkinson, JR, )		0.35
" Relevant end points were prevention of early PONV (within 6 h after surgery) and late PONV (within 48 h) and adverse effects."( Efficacy, dose-response, and safety of ondansetron in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials.
McQuay, HJ; Moore, RA; Reynolds, DJ; Tramèr, MR, 1997)		0.57
" Of these 100, three will have elevated liver enzymes and three will have a headache who would not have had these adverse effects without the drug."( Efficacy, dose-response, and safety of ondansetron in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials.
McQuay, HJ; Moore, RA; Reynolds, DJ; Tramèr, MR, 1997)		0.57
" Safety assessment was based on the type and frequency of adverse experiences reported by the patient at 24 and 48 hours after chemotherapy began."( Comparable safety and antiemetic efficacy of a brief (30-second bolus) intravenous granisetron infusion and a standard (15-minute) intravenous ondansetron infusion in breast cancer patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy.
Friedman, C; Kalman, L; Kaywin, P; Lembersky, B; Perez, EA; Yocom, K, )		0.33
" Nausea, emetic episodes, adverse events, and patient satisfaction were analyzed for the 0 to 2 h and 0 to 24 h postoperative periods."( A comparison of the efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction of ondansetron versus droperidol as antiemetics for elective outpatient surgical procedures. S3A-409 and S3A-410 Study Groups.
Creed, MR; Duncan, B; Fortney, JT; Gan, TJ; Glass, PS; Graczyk, S; Khalil, S; McKenzie, R; Melson, T; Moote, C; Parasuraman, TV; Parrillo, S; Wermeling, D; Wetchler, B, 1998)		0.54
" The overall risk of adverse effects was not different among drug combinations."( Comparative efficacy and safety of ondansetron, droperidol, and metoclopramide for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: a meta-analysis.
Anderson, EA; Domino, KB; Polissar, NL; Posner, KL, 1999)		0.58
" The overall risk of adverse effects did not differ."( Comparative efficacy and safety of ondansetron, droperidol, and metoclopramide for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: a meta-analysis.
Anderson, EA; Domino, KB; Polissar, NL; Posner, KL, 1999)		0.58
" The incidence of adverse events such as headache, dizziness, and increased liver enzyme levels (number needed to harm = infinity) was similar in both groups."( The safety and efficacy of prophylactic ondansetron in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy.
Kannan, TR; Kathirvel, S; Mohan, V; Sadhasivam, S; Saxena, A; Trikha, A, 1999)		0.57
" We analyzed more meaningful "true" and "therapeutic" outcome measures, and we conclude that prophylactic ondansetron is safe and effective and that its routine use is justified."( The safety and efficacy of prophylactic ondansetron in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy.
Kannan, TR; Kathirvel, S; Mohan, V; Sadhasivam, S; Saxena, A; Trikha, A, 1999)		0.78
" Oral granisetron and ondansetron are safe and effective for the prevention of nausea and vomiting resulting from TBI."( Double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study on the efficacy and safety of oral granisetron and oral ondansetron in the prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving hyperfractionated total body irradiation.
Bushnell, W; Frankel, SR; Friedman, CJ; Raschko, J; Spitzer, TR, 2000)		0.84
" Two cases of adverse reactions (hiccups and elevation of ALT and BUN) were observed in the DEX group; however, since the symptoms were all mild, we did not consider there was any problem in safety."( [Examination on efficacy and safety of concurrent use of ondansetron hydrochloride and steroid in lung cancer patients on cisplatin].
Furue, H; Horichi, N; Ikeda, M; Taguchi, T; Tsukakoshi, S, 2001)		0.56
" Adverse reactions were observed in 2 cases (2 reports of headache) in the OND group and 5 cases (2 reports of hiccups, 2 headache, 2 diarrhea, one constipation, one hot facial flushes and one elevation of gamma-GTP) in the DEX group; however, since the symptoms were all mild, we did not consider there was any problem in safety."( [Examination on efficacy and safety of concurrent use of ondansetron hydrochloride and steroid in gynecological cancer patients on cisplatin].
Eguchi, F; Furue, H; Ikeda, M; Taguchi, T; Tsukakoshi, S, 2001)		0.56
"Heptaplatin is a newly developed platinum derivative which has been reported to be less toxic than cisplatin."( Nephrotoxicity of heptaplatin: a randomized comparison with cisplatin in advanced gastric cancer.
Ahn, JH; Bahng, H; Chang, HM; Kang, WC; Kang, YK; Kim, TW; Kim, WK; Lee, JS; Park, JS, 2002)		0.31
" Measures to more effectively prevent nephrotoxicity should be developed for the safe use of heptaplatin."( Nephrotoxicity of heptaplatin: a randomized comparison with cisplatin in advanced gastric cancer.
Ahn, JH; Bahng, H; Chang, HM; Kang, WC; Kang, YK; Kim, TW; Kim, WK; Lee, JS; Park, JS, 2002)		0.31
"The aim of the study was to learn whether the lethal and the motor incoordination (ataxia) side effect of ondansetron (Zophren) administration is dosing-time dependent."( Circadian rhythms in toxic effects of the serotonin antagonist ondansetron in mice.
Ben Attia, M; Boughattas, NA; Bouzouita, K; Chouchane, L; Gadacha, W; Khedhaier, A; Mechkouri, M; Reinberg, A; Sani, M, 2003)		0.77
" Emetic episodes, doses of rescue medications to treat breakthrough nausea or vomiting, and occurrence of adverse events were recorded."( Safety and efficacy of a continuous infusion, patient-controlled antiemetic pump for children receiving emetogenic chemotherapy.
Cartwright, J; Frangoul, H; Ho, RH; Jones, E; Koyama, T; Kuttesch, J; Shankar, S; Whitlock, JA, 2007)		0.34
" Adverse events were also evaluated."( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of combinations of metopimazine or ondansetron with methylprednisolone in the prevention of delayed emesis in patients receiving chemotherapy.
Bloch, J; Delgado, A; Khayat, D; Meric, JB; Rixe, O, 2005)		0.56
"5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects."( Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL, 2004)		0.32
" Ondansetron was well tolerated, causing no serious adverse events."( A preliminary randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of ondansetron in the treatment of cocaine dependence.
Ait-Daoud, N; Bloch, DA; Elkashef, A; Harrison, JM; Javors, MA; Johnson, BA; Li, SH; Mojsiak, J; Roache, JD, 2006)		1.46
"Data were collected for analysis of the therapeutic effect in 47 cases and for adverse events in 50 cases."( Ramosetron versus ondansetron in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal side effects: A prospective randomized controlled study.
Ai, B; Dong, M; Han, X; He, X; Huang, D; Liu, P; Shi, Y; Yang, S; Zhang, C; Zhou, S, 2007)		0.67
"Ramosetron is a long-lasting and safe antiemetic agent."( Ramosetron versus ondansetron in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal side effects: A prospective randomized controlled study.
Ai, B; Dong, M; Han, X; He, X; Huang, D; Liu, P; Shi, Y; Yang, S; Zhang, C; Zhou, S, 2007)		0.67
" Ondansetron was well tolerated and was less likely than placebo to be associated with serious adverse events."( A preliminary randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of ondansetron in the treatment of methamphetamine dependence.
Ait-Daoud, N; Bloch, DA; Elkashef, AM; Johnson, BA; Kahn, R; Li, SH; Smith, EV; Vocci, F, 2008)		1.47
" Adverse events (AE) definitely, probably, or possibly related to OLD were studied, excluding AE not or unlikely related to the OLD."( Safety of ondansetron loading doses in children with cancer.
Ammann, RA; Hasler, SB; Hirt, A; Leibundgut, KK; Ridolfi Luethy, A, 2008)		0.75
" seem to be safe in infants, children, and adolescents."( Safety of ondansetron loading doses in children with cancer.
Ammann, RA; Hasler, SB; Hirt, A; Leibundgut, KK; Ridolfi Luethy, A, 2008)		0.75
" All active doses seemed to be well tolerated; headache, dizziness, and constipation were the most frequently reported adverse events."( Phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the oral neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist casopitant (GW679769) administered with ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative and postdischarge nausea and vomiting in high-risk patients.
Blackburn, L; Chung, F; Johnson, B; Kutsogiannis, DJ; Lane, SR; Levin, J; Pergolizzi, JV; Singla, NK; Singla, SK, 2010)		0.56
" Safe use of granisetron as an antiemetic after skin prick, oral, and intravenous challenge tests is presented."( Anaphylactic reaction owing to ondansetron administration in a child with neuroblastoma and safe use of granisetron: a case report.
Batu, ED; Büyükpamukçu, M; Civelek, E; Demir, HA; Saçkesen, C; Yalçın, B, 2010)		0.65
" Prospectively defined outcome measures were 1) efficacy as measured by a quantitative visual analog nausea scale and 2) incidence of adverse effects."( Ondansetron is safe and effective for prehospital treatment of nausea and vomiting by paramedics.
Brazzel, D; Burdick, M; Luoto, M; Salvucci, AA; Squire, B; Vaezazizi, R, )		1.57
"Ondansetron is safe and effective for out-of-hospital treatment of nausea and vomiting when administered by paramedics via the IV, IM, or oral route."( Ondansetron is safe and effective for prehospital treatment of nausea and vomiting by paramedics.
Brazzel, D; Burdick, M; Luoto, M; Salvucci, AA; Squire, B; Vaezazizi, R, )		3.02
" Based on the data available today, ondansetron use cannot be assumed to be safe during pregnancy."( Motherisk update. Is ondansetron safe for use during pregnancy?
Koren, G, 2012)		0.97
" This suggests that ondansetron may be safe in lower doses used to prevent nausea and vomiting in radiation treatment or postoperatively."( Cardiac safety concerns for ondansetron, an antiemetic commonly used for nausea linked to cancer treatment and following anaesthesia.
Doggrell, SA; Hancox, JC, 2013)		1.01
" It is treated with intravenous acetylcysteine, but the standard regimen is complex and associated with frequent adverse effects related to concentration, which can cause treatment interruption."( Reduction of adverse effects from intravenous acetylcysteine treatment for paracetamol poisoning: a randomised controlled trial.
Bateman, DN; Butcher, I; Cooper, JG; Coyle, J; Dear, JW; Eddleston, M; Gray, A; Lewis, SC; Rodriguez, A; Sandilands, EA; Thanacoody, HK; Thomas, SH; Veiraiah, A; Vliegenthart, AD; Webb, DJ, 2014)		0.4
"Ondansetron has a preventive effect on PAS without a paralleled side effect of bradycardia."( Efficacy and safety of ondansetron in preventing postanesthesia shivering: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
He, K; Liang, SR; Mou, JH; Su, GZ; Tie, HT; Yuan, HW, 2014)		2.16
"The purpose of this article is to outline the risk of cardiac adverse events (AEs) from 5-HT3-RAs, with focus on the three most commonly used, ondansetron, granisetron and palonosetron."( 5-Hydroxytryptamine3 receptor antagonists and cardiac side effects.
Brygger, L; Herrstedt, J, 2014)		0.6
"Postoperative nausea and vomiting is a common side effect of general anesthesia."( Efficacy and safety of ramosetron versus ondansetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting after general anesthesia: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Cao, G; Gao, C; Li, B; Lv, F; Wang, F; Wang, H; Wu, G; Xu, L, 2015)		0.68
" The incidence of treatment-related adverse events during cycles 2-6 was similar in rolapitant (5."( Efficacy and safety of rolapitant for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting over multiple cycles of moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
Arora, S; Chasen, M; Navari, R; Powers, D; Rapoport, B; Schnadig, I; Schwartzberg, L, 2016)		0.43
"Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting are adverse effects responsible for worsening quality of life in cancer patients."( Efficacy, safety and effectiveness of ondansetron compared to other serotonin-3 receptor antagonists (5-HT3RAs) used to control chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Acúrcio, Fde A; Andrade, EI; Cherchiglia, ML; De Araújo, VE; Marra, LP; Reis, IA; Simino, GP, 2016)		0.71
" The overall incidence of adverse events was similar between the two treatment groups (p > ."( Efficacy and safety of triple therapy with aprepitant, ondansetron, and prednisone for preventing nausea and vomiting induced by R-CEOP or CEOP chemotherapy regimen for non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a phase 2 open-label, randomized comparative trial.
Song, Z; Wang, H; Yang, F; Zhang, H; Zhang, M; Zhao, K, 2017)		0.7
" For the duration of 4 months, weight, body mass index, and the occurrence of adverse events was documented."( The safety and efficacy of the procedureless intragastric balloon.
Al Haddad, E; Al Kendari, M; Al-Subaie, S; Almulla, A; Alsabah, S; Ekrouf, S, 2018)		0.48
" The groups were analyzed and compared for frequency of vomiting, administered doses of on-demand antiemetic dimenhydrinate and adverse events during the acute (0-24 h after chemotherapy administration) and delayed (> 24 h-120 h) CINV phases."( Efficacy, safety and feasibility of fosaprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric patients receiving moderately and highly emetogenic chemotherapy - results of a non-interventional observation study.
Binder, V; Blaeschke, F; Cabanillas Stanchi, KM; Döring, M; Feucht, J; Feuchtinger, T; von Have, M; Willier, S, 2019)		0.51
" The occurrence of adverse events did not significantly differ between the two groups (p > 0."( Efficacy, safety and feasibility of fosaprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric patients receiving moderately and highly emetogenic chemotherapy - results of a non-interventional observation study.
Binder, V; Blaeschke, F; Cabanillas Stanchi, KM; Döring, M; Feucht, J; Feuchtinger, T; von Have, M; Willier, S, 2019)		0.51
"The addition of olanzapine to ondansetron and dexamethasone significantly improved CINV prevention and was safe in patients receiving HEC."( The efficacy and safety of the addition of olanzapine to ondansetron and dexamethasone for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
Angspatt, P; Chenaksara, P; Parinyanitikun, N; Poovorawan, N; Sakdejayont, S; Sriuranpong, V; Sukprakun, S; Tanasanvimon, S; Thawinwisan, W; Vimolchalao, V; Vinayanuwatikun, C; Wongchanapai, P, 2020)		1.09
" Preanesthetic inhaled ketamine is also reported effective and safe in children."( Preanesthetic nebulized ketamine vs preanesthetic oral ketamine for sedation and postoperative pain management in children for elective surgery: A retrospective analysis for effectiveness and safety.
Chen, C; Cheng, X; Fu, F; Lin, L, 2021)		0.62
" These biologically-relevant findings represent the first step towards understanding this adverse event with the overall goal to improve the safety of this commonly used antiemetic medication."( A pharmacogenomic investigation of the cardiac safety profile of ondansetron in children and pregnant women.
Berger, H; Brodie, SM; Brown, J; Carleton, BC; Chaudhry, S; Drögemöller, BI; Groeneweg, GSS; Higginson, M; Israels, S; Ito, S; Jong, G'; Magee, LA; Miao, F; Rassekh, SR; Ross, CJD; Sanatani, S; Shaw, K; Staub, M; Trueman, J; West, N; Whyte, SD; Wright, GEB, 2022)		0.96
"Ondansetron is safe in regard to QTc prolongation in patients with head trauma."( Ondansetron Safety Regarding Prolong QTc for Children with Head Trauma.
Assaad, R; Pratt, RE; Qiao, H; Territo, HM; Wrotniak, BH, 2023)		3.8

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacodynamic interaction between paracetamol and ondansetron coadministration does not block but instead increase par acetamol analgesia. This could reduce the postoperative analgesic requirement, and improve the post operative comfort level.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The method has been used to assay several thousand samples from subjects included in pharmacokinetic studies."( The determination in plasma and pharmacokinetics of ondansetron.
Colthup, PV; Palmer, JL, 1989)		0.53
" Pharmacokinetic variables were determined with use of standard noncompartmental techniques."( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous ondansetron in healthy children undergoing ear, nose, and throat surgery.
Jorch, U; Lerman, J; Palmer, J; Sikich, N; Spahr-Schopfer, IA, 1995)		0.57
" The elimination half-life of ondansetron increases in parallel with age."( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous ondansetron in healthy children undergoing ear, nose, and throat surgery.
Jorch, U; Lerman, J; Palmer, J; Sikich, N; Spahr-Schopfer, IA, 1995)		0.86
" Values of Tmax and Cmax were also not significantly different among the nonparenteral routes."( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of an ondansetron solution (8 mg) when administered intravenously, orally, to the colon, and to the rectum.
Barr, WH; Bozigian, HP; Griffin, RH; Hsyu, PH; Krishna, G; Lloyd, TL; Pritchard, JF; Shamburek, R, 1994)		0.55
"We investigated the pharmacokinetic profile and the efficacy of ondansetron (day 1) given as 16 mg suppository once a day, as compared with ondansetron 8 mg tablets twice daily, in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy."( Pharmacokinetic profile and clinical efficacy of a once-daily ondansetron suppository in cyclophosphamide-induced emesis: a double blind comparative study with ondansetron tablets.
Beijnen, JH; de Boer-Dennert, M; de Wit, R; Schellens, JH; van Tellingen, O; Verweij, J, 1996)		0.77
" Analysis of the derived pharmacokinetic parameters showed no differences between the treatments described above."( The effect of ondansetron on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of temazepam.
Keene, ON; Palmer, JL; Preston, GC, 1996)		0.65
"We investigated the hypothesis that distributions of continuous pharmacokinetic variables are positively skewed in nature and that logarithmic transformation of these variables restores normality."( Common noncompartmental pharmacokinetic variables: are they normally or log-normally distributed?
Bye, A; Keene, ON; Lacey, LF; Pritchard, JF, 1997)		0.3
" A two compartment pharmacokinetic model with a zero order input was used to describe the pharmacokinetics of ondansetron."( Population pharmacokinetics of ondansetron: a covariate analysis.
Aarons, L; de Alwis, DP; Palmer, JL, 1998)		0.8
" Weight was found to have a strong positive linear relationship with all four pharmacokinetic parameters."( Population pharmacokinetics of ondansetron: a covariate analysis.
Aarons, L; de Alwis, DP; Palmer, JL, 1998)		0.59
"The stepwise search procedures potentially are capable of considerably reducing the time required to develop population pharmacokinetic models."( Population pharmacokinetics of ondansetron: a covariate analysis.
Aarons, L; de Alwis, DP; Palmer, JL, 1998)		0.59
" The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential pharmacokinetic interactions between ondansetron and high-dose alkylating agent chemotherapy."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between ondansetron and cyclophosphamide during high-dose chemotherapy for breast cancer.
Berry, D; Cavanaugh, C; Fehdrau, R; Gilbert, CJ; Hussein, A; McKinstry, C; Peters, WP; Petros, WP; Ross, M; Rubin, P; Vredenburgh, J, 1998)		0.79
" Pharmacokinetic monitoring of each drug used in the high-dose chemotherapy regimen was conducted."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between ondansetron and cyclophosphamide during high-dose chemotherapy for breast cancer.
Berry, D; Cavanaugh, C; Fehdrau, R; Gilbert, CJ; Hussein, A; McKinstry, C; Peters, WP; Petros, WP; Ross, M; Rubin, P; Vredenburgh, J, 1998)		0.58
"001]) and the elimination half-life (t1/2) by 38% (P < ."( The effect of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous ondansetron.
Kivistö, KT; Neuvonen, PJ; Villikka, K, 1999)		0.54
" We evaluated the possibility of a pharmacokinetic (PK) drug-drug interaction between the antiemetic agents and high-dose cyclophosphamide, cisplatin and BCNU (CPA/cDDP/BCNU)."( Modification of the pharmacokinetics of high-dose cyclophosphamide and cisplatin by antiemetics.
Bearman, SI; Cagnoni, PJ; Day, TC; Jones, RB; Matthes, S; Shpall, EJ, 1999)		0.3
" Plasma ondansetron concentrations were determined by HPLC and the pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by non-compartmental analysis."( Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence testing of generic ondansetron preparations in healthy Thai male volunteers.
Kumsorn, B; Manorot, M; Rojanasthien, N, 1999)		0.99
" Ketamine exerts differential pharmacodynamic effects on behavior in animals stratified according to a measure of central serotonergic turnover."( Ondansetron modulates pharmacodynamic effects of ketamine on electrocardiographic signals in rhesus monkeys.
Bennett, AJ; Dee Higley, J; DePetrillo, PB; Karimullah, K; Shoaf, SE; Speers, D; Suomi, SJ, 2000)		1.75
"Two studies were conducted to determine whether concomitant administration of aprepitant altered the pharmacokinetic profiles of ondansetron and granisetron, two 5-HT(3)-receptor antagonists commonly used as antiemetic therapy for CINV."( Effects of aprepitant on the pharmacokinetics of ondansetron and granisetron in healthy subjects.
Blum, RA; Busillo, J; Goldberg, MR; Gottesdiener, KM; Greenberg, HE; Hesney, M; Hustad, CM; Kraft, WK; Lates, C; Majumdar, A; McCrea, J; Murphy, MG; Orlowski, LH; Panebianco, D; Petty, KJ; Van Buren, S; Waldman, SA, 2003)		0.78
" Individual plasma samples were used to estimate area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC(0- infinity )), peak plasma concentration, and apparent terminal elimination half-life (t(12)) of both ondansetron and granisetron."( Effects of aprepitant on the pharmacokinetics of ondansetron and granisetron in healthy subjects.
Blum, RA; Busillo, J; Goldberg, MR; Gottesdiener, KM; Greenberg, HE; Hesney, M; Hustad, CM; Kraft, WK; Lates, C; Majumdar, A; McCrea, J; Murphy, MG; Orlowski, LH; Panebianco, D; Petty, KJ; Van Buren, S; Waldman, SA, 2003)		0.76
"019), with no significant effect on peak concentration at the end of the infusion (360."( Effects of aprepitant on the pharmacokinetics of ondansetron and granisetron in healthy subjects.
Blum, RA; Busillo, J; Goldberg, MR; Gottesdiener, KM; Greenberg, HE; Hesney, M; Hustad, CM; Kraft, WK; Lates, C; Majumdar, A; McCrea, J; Murphy, MG; Orlowski, LH; Panebianco, D; Petty, KJ; Van Buren, S; Waldman, SA, 2003)		0.57
"Concomitant administration of aprepitant had no clinically significant effect on the mean pharmacokinetic characteristics of either ondansetron or granisetron in these healthy subjects."( Effects of aprepitant on the pharmacokinetics of ondansetron and granisetron in healthy subjects.
Blum, RA; Busillo, J; Goldberg, MR; Gottesdiener, KM; Greenberg, HE; Hesney, M; Hustad, CM; Kraft, WK; Lates, C; Majumdar, A; McCrea, J; Murphy, MG; Orlowski, LH; Panebianco, D; Petty, KJ; Van Buren, S; Waldman, SA, 2003)		0.78
" Complete pharmacokinetic data of vinorelbine administered alone and with the aprepitant antiemetic regimen were obtained in 12 patients."( Aprepitant when added to a standard antiemetic regimen consisting of ondansetron and dexamethasone does not affect vinorelbine pharmacokinetics in cancer patients.
de Bruijn, P; de Wit, R; Freedman, SJ; Gambale, JJ; Li, S; Loos, WJ; Murphy, GM; Van Dyck, K; van Noort, C; Verweij, J, 2007)		0.57
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)		0.35
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of ondansetron were evaluated after its intravenous (at doses of 1, 4, 8 and 20 mg/kg) and oral (4, 8 and 20 mg/kg) administration to rats."( Dose-independent pharmacokinetics of ondansetron in rats: contribution of hepatic and intestinal first-pass effects to low bioavailability.
Lee, MG; Yang, SH, 2008)		0.9
" The purpose of this study was to report the pharmacokinetic interaction between tamoxifen and ondansetron in rats."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between tamoxifen and ondansetron in rats: non-competitive (hepatic) and competitive (intestinal) inhibition of tamoxifen metabolism by ondansetron via CYP2D subfamily and 3A1/2.
Lee, MG; Suh, JH; Yang, SH, 2010)		0.83
"A rapid, sensitive and selective high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the determination and pharmacokinetic investigation of dexmedetomidine (DMED) in human plasma."( Determination of dexmedetomidine in human plasma using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric detection: application to a pharmacokinetic study.
Chen, Y; Feng, S; Li, W; Tian, Y; Wu, L; Zhang, Z, 2009)		0.35
" Pooled data from 124 patients, including 745 pharmacokinetic samples, were analyzed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling."( Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous ondansetron in oncology and surgical patients aged 1-48 months.
Adamson, PC; Barrett, JS; Coté, CJ; Croop, JM; Haberer, LJ; Hoke, JF; Johnson, BM; Mondick, JT; Russo, MW; Sale, ME, 2010)		0.62
" A maturation process with a half-life of approximately 4 months was incorporated to describe a decrease in clearance (CL) in infants."( Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous ondansetron in oncology and surgical patients aged 1-48 months.
Adamson, PC; Barrett, JS; Coté, CJ; Croop, JM; Haberer, LJ; Hoke, JF; Johnson, BM; Mondick, JT; Russo, MW; Sale, ME, 2010)		0.62
"The population pharmacokinetic analysis of ondansetron allows for characterization of individual patients based on body weight and age."( Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous ondansetron in oncology and surgical patients aged 1-48 months.
Adamson, PC; Barrett, JS; Coté, CJ; Croop, JM; Haberer, LJ; Hoke, JF; Johnson, BM; Mondick, JT; Russo, MW; Sale, ME, 2010)		0.89
" In this study, fexofenadine, verapamil, risperidone, ondansetron, and imipramine were used as model compounds to investigate the effectiveness of MIM in pharmacokinetic studies."( Development of a novel high-throughput analytical methodology, multiple injection method, for quantitative analysis in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.
Ohkawa, T; Tanaka, Y; Yasui, H, 2011)		0.62
" The half-life and clearance of dinaciclib were similar, with or without aprepitant."( Effect of aprepitant on the pharmacokinetics of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor dinaciclib in patients with advanced malignancies.
Bannerji, R; Kantesaria, B; Mita, M; Poon, J; Shapiro, GI; Small, K; Statkevich, P; Tzontcheva, A; Zhang, D; Zhu, Y, 2012)		0.38
" This study was conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetic interactions between ondansetron and tamoxifen after intravenous and oral administration of ondansetron (both 8 mg/kg) and/or tamoxifen (2 and 10 mg/kg for intravenous and oral administration, respectively), in rats bearing 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammarian tumors (DMBA rats), used as an animal model of human breast cancer."( Pharmacokinetic drug interactions between ondansetron and tamoxifen in female Sprague-Dawley rats with DMBA-induced mammary tumor.
Kim, SH; Lee, MG; Suh, JH; Yang, SH, 2013)		0.88
" Subsequently, Sprague-Dawley rats were used to compare pharmacokinetic parameters of the formulated films with oral administration of pure drug solution."( Comparative pharmacokinetic studies of fast dissolving film and oral solution of ondansetron in rats.
Chhalotiya, UK; Choudhary, DR; Kundawala, AJ; Patel, HV; Patel, VA, 2013)		0.62
" Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic modeling and dose interval modeling were performed."( Oral, subcutaneous, and intravenous pharmacokinetics of ondansetron in healthy cats.
Gustafson, DL; Hansen, RJ; Lake, RC; Lunghofer, PJ; Quimby, JM, 2014)		0.65
"Based on preclinical results in minipigs, a Phase I study was designed to assess the tolerability and pharmacokinetic properties of subcutaneous ondansetron + rHuPH20 compared with intramuscular, intravenous, or oral ondansetron monotherapy in healthy volunteers."( Tolerability and pharmacokinetic properties of ondansetron administered subcutaneously with recombinant human hyaluronidase in minipigs and healthy volunteers.
Bahn, JD; DeNoia, E; Dychter, SS; Fellows, D; Harrigan, R; Haughey, DB; Maneval, DC; Printz, MA; Sugarman, BJ, 2014)		0.86
" Primary tolerability end points (administration-site observations, systemic adverse events [AEs], and subject-assessed pain) were assessed, and pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC, Cmax, Tmax, t½) were computed to compare relative rate and extent of systemic exposure."( Tolerability and pharmacokinetic properties of ondansetron administered subcutaneously with recombinant human hyaluronidase in minipigs and healthy volunteers.
Bahn, JD; DeNoia, E; Dychter, SS; Fellows, D; Harrigan, R; Haughey, DB; Maneval, DC; Printz, MA; Sugarman, BJ, 2014)		0.66
" The Cmax (45."( Tolerability and pharmacokinetic properties of ondansetron administered subcutaneously with recombinant human hyaluronidase in minipigs and healthy volunteers.
Bahn, JD; DeNoia, E; Dychter, SS; Fellows, D; Harrigan, R; Haughey, DB; Maneval, DC; Printz, MA; Sugarman, BJ, 2014)		0.66
" The aim of this study was to perform a pharmacokinetic analysis of ondansetron in dogs following oral administration of a single dose."( Pharmacokinetic modeling and Monte Carlo simulation of ondansetron following oral administration in dogs.
Baek, IH; Kang, J; Kwon, KI; Lee, BY, 2015)		0.9
" The present study was intended to understand the pharmacodynamic interaction between paracetamol and ondansetron in postoperative patients."( Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to investigate the pharmacodynamic interaction of 5-HT3 antagonist ondansetron and paracetamol in postoperative patients operated in an ENT department under local anesthesia.
Bhosale, UA; Kale, J; Khobragade, R; Naik, C; Yegnanarayan, R, 2015)		0.84
"The pharmacodynamic interaction between paracetamol and ondansetron coadministration does not block but instead increase paracetamol analgesia, reduce the postoperative analgesic requirement, and improve the postoperative comfort level."( Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to investigate the pharmacodynamic interaction of 5-HT3 antagonist ondansetron and paracetamol in postoperative patients operated in an ENT department under local anesthesia.
Bhosale, UA; Kale, J; Khobragade, R; Naik, C; Yegnanarayan, R, 2015)		0.87
"05), and is characterized by rapid transplacental transfer and longer elimination half-life in neonates compared to their mother."( Ondansetron pharmacokinetics in pregnant women and neonates: towards a new treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome.
Carvalho, B; Clavijo, C; Drover, DR; Elkomy, MH; Galinkin, JL; Peltz, G; Sultan, P; Wu, M, 2015)		1.86
" For analysis of pharmacokinetic properties, including the peak concentration of T max (C max), AUC from time 0 (baseline) to t hours (AUC0- t ), and AUC from baseline to infinity (AUC0-∞), blood samples were obtained at intervals over the 24-hour period after studying drug administration."( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability study of two ondansetron oral soluble film formulations in fasting healthy male Chinese volunteers.
Wan, M; Zhang, Q; Zhao, Z; Zhu, J; Zhu, Y; Zou, J, 2015)		0.67
" Ondansetron treatment caused a statistically significantly higher Cmax of metformin compared with placebo (18."( Effect of Ondansetron on Metformin Pharmacokinetics and Response in Healthy Subjects.
Guo, D; Li, Q; Polli, JE; Shu, Y; Yang, H; Zhang, T; Zhou, H, 2016)		1.75
"The pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were V1 (l) = 5."( Population pharmacokinetics and prophylactic anti-emetic efficacy of ramosetron in surgical patients.
Choi, BM; Jeong, SW; Lee, EK; Lee, YH; Lim, YJ; Min, KT; Noh, GJ; Seo, JH, 2016)		0.43
"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling is considered a valuable tool for predicting pharmacokinetic changes in pregnancy to subsequently guide in-vivo pharmacokinetic trials in pregnant women."( A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Pregnant Women to Predict the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs Metabolized Via Several Enzymatic Pathways.
Coboeken, K; Dallmann, A; Eissing, T; Hempel, G; Ince, I, 2018)		0.48
"Quantitative information on gestation-specific changes in enzyme activity available in the literature was incorporated in a pregnancy physiologically based pharmacokinetic model and the pharmacokinetics of eight drugs metabolized via one or multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes was predicted."( A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Pregnant Women to Predict the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs Metabolized Via Several Enzymatic Pathways.
Coboeken, K; Dallmann, A; Eissing, T; Hempel, G; Ince, I, 2018)		0.48
"The pregnancy physiologically based pharmacokinetic model successfully predicted the pharmacokinetics of all tested drugs."( A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Pregnant Women to Predict the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs Metabolized Via Several Enzymatic Pathways.
Coboeken, K; Dallmann, A; Eissing, T; Hempel, G; Ince, I, 2018)		0.48
"The presented pregnancy physiologically based pharmacokinetic model can quantitatively predict the pharmacokinetics of drugs that are metabolized via one or multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes by integrating prior knowledge of the pregnancy-related effect on these enzymes."( A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Pregnant Women to Predict the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs Metabolized Via Several Enzymatic Pathways.
Coboeken, K; Dallmann, A; Eissing, T; Hempel, G; Ince, I, 2018)		0.48
"The accuracy of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model prediction in children, especially those younger than 2 years old, has not been systematically evaluated."( Predictive Performance of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling of Drugs Extensively Metabolized by Major Cytochrome P450s in Children.
Al-Huniti, N; Bui, KH; Cheung, SYA; Johnson, TN; Li, J; Xu, H; Zhou, D; Zhou, W, 2018)		0.48
"This study aimed to incorporate ondansetron hydrochloride (ODS), a water-soluble drug into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug."( Preparation of Ondansetron Hydrochloride-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Using Solvent Injection Method for Enhancement of Pharmacokinetic Properties.
Chi, SC; Duong, VA; Maeng, HJ; Nguyen, TT, 2019)		1.15
" Physicochemical analyses, in vitro drug release, and pharmacokinetic studies were performed."( Preparation of Ondansetron Hydrochloride-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Using Solvent Injection Method for Enhancement of Pharmacokinetic Properties.
Chi, SC; Duong, VA; Maeng, HJ; Nguyen, TT, 2019)		0.87
" Population pharmacokinetic (PK) modelling was implemented to describe the average and individual plasma and CSF profiles of ondansetron."( Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of ondansetron in humans.
Back, H; Blood, J; Chiang, MD; Frey, K; Haroutounian, S; Kagan, L; Kharasch, ED; Lee, C; Sawyer, C; Tallchief, D, 2021)		1.08
" Mechanistic pharmacokinetic model that included two systemic disposition and three CNS compartments (with intercompartmental exchange) was developed."( Pharmacokinetic Modeling of the Impact of P-glycoprotein on Ondansetron Disposition in the Central Nervous System.
Back, HM; Chiang, M; Girgis, S; Guo, T; Haroutounian, S; Kagan, L; Lee, JB; Oh, S; Park, C, 2020)		0.8
" We developed a generic physiologically-based pharmacokinetic lactation model for small molecule drugs and applied this model to predict ondansetron transfer into breast milk and characterize infant exposure."( Development of a Generic Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Lactation and Prediction of Maternal and Infant Exposure to Ondansetron via Breast Milk.
Balevic, S; Berens, P; Chen, JY; Dallmann, A; Fu, C; Haas, DM; Hornik, C; Hughes, B; Humphrey, K; Job, KM; Parry, S; Saade, G; Watt, K; Zimmerman, K, 2022)		1.13

Compound-Compound Interactions

Ondansetron, sometimes combined with acustimulation at PC6 (Neiguan), is commonly used for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Meclizine, a long-acting drug with a low side-effect profile, may be ideal in combination with ondansetrons for at-risk patients.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"To define the activity of an individually escalated dacarbazine (DTIC) dose combined with interferon-alpha-2a (IFN), granulocyte-colony stimulating-factor (G-CSF) and ondansetron, 20 patients (pts) with metastatic melanoma were treated with DTIC, ondansetron 8 mg iv, G-CSF 300 micrograms sc and IFN 9 MU sc."( Dose escalation of dacarbazine combined with interferon alpha-2a, G-CSF and ondansetron in patients with metastatic melanoma.
Buter, J; de Vries, EG; Mulder, NH; Schraffordt Koops, H; Sleijfer, DT; van der Graaf, WT; Willemse, PH, )		0.56
"15 mg/kg for three doses every 4 hours beginning 30 minutes before cisplatin administration either alone or in combination with dexamethasone 20 mg administered 45 minutes before cisplatin."( A randomized, double-blind comparison of intravenous ondansetron alone and in combination with intravenous dexamethasone in the prevention of high-dose cisplatin-induced emesis.
Beck, TM; Bricker, LJ; Hainsworth, JD; Haley, B; Harker, WG; Harvey, WH; Hesketh, PJ; Kish, JA; Murphy, WK; Ryan, T, 1994)		0.54
"IV ondansetron in combination with dexamethasone is safe and more effective than ondansetron alone in the prevention of emesis induced by high-dose cisplatin."( A randomized, double-blind comparison of intravenous ondansetron alone and in combination with intravenous dexamethasone in the prevention of high-dose cisplatin-induced emesis.
Beck, TM; Bricker, LJ; Hainsworth, JD; Haley, B; Harker, WG; Harvey, WH; Hesketh, PJ; Kish, JA; Murphy, WK; Ryan, T, 1994)		1.16
" Prior trials have further shown improved antiemetic effects and fewer adverse effects of cisplatin treatment when neurotransmitter receptor blockers are combined with dexamethasone."( Randomized phase II trial comparing two versus three doses of ondansetron when used in combination with dexamethasone in patients receiving cisplatin > or = 100 mg/m2.
Baltzer, L; Clark, RA; Kris, MG; Pisters, KM; Rigas, JR; Tyson, LB, 1994)		0.53
"Ondansetron 8mg and granisetron 3 mg, both combined with dexamethasone, showed similar efficacy and tolerability in the prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis."( Ondansetron versus granisetron, both combined with dexamethasone, in the prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis. Italian Group of Antiemetic Research.
, 1995)		3.18
"The aim of the present study was to compare the antiemetic efficacy of ondansetron (OND) with metoclopramide (MCP), both combined with corticosteroid (CS) in patients with malignant lymphoma."( Antiemetic efficacy of ondansetron and metoclopramide, both combined with corticosteroid, in malignant lymphoma patients receiving non-cisplatin chemotherapy.
Jørgensen, M; Victor, MA, 1996)		0.84
"The anti-emetic efficacy of prophylactic ondansetron and tropisetron in combination with a low dose of droperidol in patients with high probability for post-operative nausea and vomiting undergoing gynaecological laparoscopy was compared."( Comparison of ondansetron and tropisetron combined with droperidol for the prevention of emesis in women with a history of post-operative nausea and vomiting.
Ala-Kokko, TI; Jokela, R; Koivuranta, M; Ranta, P, 1999)		0.93
" All the patients received ondansetron combined with dexamethasone for prophylaxis against emesis that might occur within 24 hours after the start of chemotherapy (acute emesis)."( Dexamethasone alone or in combination with ondansetron for the prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy.
, 2000)		0.87
"8 percent of those who received ondansetron combined with dexamethasone, 87."( Dexamethasone alone or in combination with ondansetron for the prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy.
, 2000)		0.85
" The antiemetic efficacy of NK1 receptor antagonists against chemotherapy-induced emesis is, however, enhanced when combined with a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist."( Comparison of the neurokinin-1 antagonist GR205171, alone and in combination with the 5-HT3 antagonist ondansetron, hyoscine and placebo in the prevention of motion-induced nausea in man.
Clemes, SA; House, F; Palmer, JL; Reid, K; Somal, HS; Stott, JR; Troakes, C; Wright, RJ, 2000)		0.52
"The enhancement of NK1 receptor antagonist antiemetic activity through combination with a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist is not replicated in motion-induced nausea."( Comparison of the neurokinin-1 antagonist GR205171, alone and in combination with the 5-HT3 antagonist ondansetron, hyoscine and placebo in the prevention of motion-induced nausea in man.
Clemes, SA; House, F; Palmer, JL; Reid, K; Somal, HS; Stott, JR; Troakes, C; Wright, RJ, 2000)		0.52
"Use of the ReliefBand in combination with ondansetron significantly reduced nausea (20 vs."( Comparative efficacy of acustimulation (ReliefBand) versus ondansetron (Zofran) in combination with droperidol for preventing nausea and vomiting.
Coleman, JE; Coloma, M; Hu, J; Ing, CH; Issioui, T; Jones, SB; Macaluso, AR; Markowitz, SD; Waddle, JP; White, PF, 2002)		0.82
" The aim of this randomized double blind, dose-ranging study was to determine the minimum single effective dose of dexamethasone combined with ondansetron for the prevention of PONV in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy."( Dexamethasone 8 mg in combination with ondansetron 4 mg appears to be the optimal dose for the prevention of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Atef, A; Elhakim, M; Mahmoud, K; Nafie, M, 2002)		0.78
"Our results suggest that 8 mg is the minimum dose of dexamethasone that, combined with ondansetron 4 mg will effectively prevent PONV in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy."( Dexamethasone 8 mg in combination with ondansetron 4 mg appears to be the optimal dose for the prevention of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Atef, A; Elhakim, M; Mahmoud, K; Nafie, M, 2002)		0.81
" Meclizine, a long-acting drug with a low side-effect profile, may be ideal in combination with ondansetron for at-risk patients."( Meclizine in combination with ondansetron for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in a high-risk population.
Benfield, DA; Forrester, CM; Kelly, JA; Matern, CE; Pellegrini, JE, 2007)		0.85
" We investigated the analgesic effect of pregabalin and dexamethasone in combination with paracetamol after abdominal hysterectomy."( Pregabalin and dexamethasone in combination with paracetamol for postoperative pain control after abdominal hysterectomy. A randomized clinical trial.
Dahl, JB; Dierking, G; Fomsgaard, JS; Hilsted, KL; Lech, K; Lose, G; Mathiesen, O; Rasmussen, ML, 2009)		0.35
"The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of ondansetron combined with dexamethasone on Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) and pain with ondansetron alone in patients with laparoscopy assisted vaginal hysterectomy under general anesthesia."( [Effect of ondansetron combined with dexamethasone on postoperative nausea & vomiting and pain of patients with laparoscopic hysterectomy].
Nam, M; Yoon, H, 2009)		0.99
"The experimental group that received ondansetron combined with dexamethasone had less PONV (p=."( [Effect of ondansetron combined with dexamethasone on postoperative nausea & vomiting and pain of patients with laparoscopic hysterectomy].
Nam, M; Yoon, H, 2009)		1.02
"We conclude that the administration of ondansetron combined with dexamethasone is more effective than the administration of ondansetron alone to reduce PONV in patients with laparoscopic hysterectomy."( [Effect of ondansetron combined with dexamethasone on postoperative nausea & vomiting and pain of patients with laparoscopic hysterectomy].
Nam, M; Yoon, H, 2009)		1.01
"This randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial evaluated the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist casopitant mesylate in combination with ondansetron/dexamethasone (ond/dex) for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) related to moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC)."( Phase 2 trial results with the novel neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist casopitant in combination with ondansetron and dexamethasone for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemothera
Albert, I; Arpornwirat, W; Bandekar, RR; Grunberg, SM; Hansen, VL; Levin, J, 2009)		0.76
"The hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) influence the pharmacokinetics of several drug classes and are involved in many clinical drug-drug interactions."( Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
Artursson, P; Haglund, U; Karlgren, M; Kimoto, E; Lai, Y; Norinder, U; Vildhede, A; Wisniewski, JR, 2012)		0.38
" The participants were randomized into three prophylactic treatment groups: dexamethasone (n = 43), ondansetron in combination with dexamethasone (n = 44), and placebo (n = 42)."( Dexamethasone versus ondansetron in combination with dexamethasone for the prophylaxis of postoperative vomiting in pediatric outpatients: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Borges, PS; de Orange, FA; Flores, M; Marques, J, 2012)		0.91
"8% in the group receiving ondansetron combined with dexamethasone, 14."( Dexamethasone versus ondansetron in combination with dexamethasone for the prophylaxis of postoperative vomiting in pediatric outpatients: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Borges, PS; de Orange, FA; Flores, M; Marques, J, 2012)		1
"To determine the most common drug-drug interaction (DDI) pairs contributing to QTc prolongation in cardiac intensive care units (ICUs)."( Drug-drug interactions contributing to QT prolongation in cardiac intensive care units.
Armahizer, MJ; Kane-Gill, SL; Seybert, AL; Smithburger, PL, 2013)		0.39
"Ondansetron, sometimes combined with acustimulation at PC6 (Neiguan), is commonly used for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting, but PC6 is not the only point that can be used for this purpose."( Ondansetron combined with ST36 (Zusanli) acupuncture point injection for postoperative vomiting.
Chen, ZY; Guo, QL; Huang, YL; Lin, L; Wang, HH; Yan, JQ; Zhou, Y, 2014)		3.29
"CYP2D6 drug-drug interactions appear to change effectiveness of commonly prescribed drugs in the ED."( The effect of CYP2D6 drug-drug interactions on hydrocodone effectiveness.
Campbell, J; Hamamura, D; Heard, KJ; Monte, AA; Vasiliou, V; Weinshilboum, RM, 2014)		0.4
"The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of olanzapine combined with ondansetron or ondansetron alone in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."( Effectiveness of Olanzapine Combined with Ondansetron in Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.
Wang, H; Wang, L; Wang, X; Zhang, H, 2015)		0.9
"Background Two pivotal Phase III trials compared the efficacy of palonosetron, ondansetron and granisetron, combined with dexamethasone, for the prevention of nausea and vomiting following highly emetogenic chemotherapy."( Economic evaluation of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in combination with dexamethasone for the prevention of 'overall' nausea and vomiting following highly emetogenic chemotherapy in Chinese adult patients.
Du, Q; Xu, XL; Yu, B; Zhai, Q; Zhu, B, 2017)		0.68
"A systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials was performed to update the present evidence about the safety and efficacy of dexamethasone combined with other antiemetics versus single antiemetics for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy."( Dexamethasone combined with other antiemetics versus single antiemetics for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Abushouk, AI; Ahmed, H; Al Nahrawi, S; Attia, A; Awad, K; Elsherbeny, MY; Mustafa, SM, 2016)		0.43
"Pooled data from 14 RCTs (1542 patients) favored dexamethasone combined with other antiemetics over single antiemetics as a prophylaxis against postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the early postoperative period (OR = 0."( Dexamethasone combined with other antiemetics versus single antiemetics for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Abushouk, AI; Ahmed, H; Al Nahrawi, S; Attia, A; Awad, K; Elsherbeny, MY; Mustafa, SM, 2016)		0.43
"Dexamethasone combined with other antiemetics provided better prophylaxis than single antiemetics against postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy."( Dexamethasone combined with other antiemetics versus single antiemetics for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Abushouk, AI; Ahmed, H; Al Nahrawi, S; Attia, A; Awad, K; Elsherbeny, MY; Mustafa, SM, 2016)		0.43
" Physicians and pharmacists should be cautious for drug-drug interactions when pipamperon is prescribed, especially in combination with other QT-prolongating agents."( Drug-drug interaction related to the use of pipamperon and ondansetron in a child treated for leukemia.
Bauters, T; Bordon, V; Buts, S; Laureys, G, 2018)		0.72
"Acupuncture combined with ondansetron as a multimodal prophylaxis approach is more effective than ondansetron alone in preventing postoperative nausea in high-risk patients."( Acupuncture combined with ondansetron for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in high-risk patients undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological surgery: A randomised controlled trial.
Cao, W; Li, H; Liu, C; Xiong, Z; Xu, M; Yan, S; Yang, J; Zhu, Z; Zou, X, 2023)		1.51

Bioavailability

The thermosensitive-mucoadhesive ondansetron liquid suppository (tmOLS) was developed to enhance patient compliance and bioavailability in high-risk patients receiving highly emetogenic therapy and having difficulty in swallowing. The bases were formulated using poloxamers (P407 and P188) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) Plasma concentrations of ondannetron peak 1 hour after an oral dose, and the tablet has an absolute bioavailability of 59%.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"9 h) with an absolute bioavailability of around 60%."( Clinical pharmacology of ondansetron in postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Baber, N; Frazer, NM; Palmer, JL; Pritchard, JF, 1992)		0.59
"4 hours) and mean absolute bioavailability (young, 57%; elderly, 61%; aged, 69%) with increasing age."( Age and gender effects on ondansetron pharmacokinetics: evaluation of healthy aged volunteers.
Benedetti, TL; Bryson, JC; Kernodle, AE; Powell, JR; Pritchard, JF, 1992)		0.58
" Although ondansetron is moderately well absorbed after oral administration, only a parenteral formulation will initially be available."( Ondansetron: a serotonin receptor (5-HT3) antagonist for antineoplastic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Goldspiel, BR; Kohler, DR, 1991)		2.13
" The absolute oral bioavailability of ondansetron was 59%."( The clinical pharmacology of ondansetron.
Blackwell, CP; Harding, SM, 1989)		0.84
" Satisfactory bioavailability has been demonstrated."( Pharmaceutical development of ondansetron tablets.
Leak, RE; Woodford, JD, 1989)		0.57
" In laboratory animals absorption of the compound across the gastrointestinal tract is rapid and extensive, but due to high first-pass metabolism, the oral systemic bioavailability is low (less than 10%)."( The metabolism of ondansetron.
Dixon, CM; Saynor, DA, 1989)		0.61
" Owing to hepatic first-pass metabolism, its bioavailability is only about 60% compared with ondansetron administered by infusion over 15 minutes."( Ondansetron clinical pharmacokinetics.
Del Favero, A; Roila, F, 1995)		1.95
" Absolute bioavailability after the oral dosing on day 1 was 87."( Oral ondansetron pharmacokinetics: the effect of chemotherapy.
Bjurstrom, T; Bozigian, HP; Gooding, AE; Griffin, RH; Hansen, LA; Hsyu, PH; Huang, AT; Mitchell, R; Panella, TL; Pritchard, JF, 1994)		0.8
" In a randomized, open-label, crossover study in 24 healthy male subjects, the relative bioavailability of a single 8-mg tablet was compared with that of an 8-mg solution using the two one-sided t-tests."( Ondansetron absorption in adults: effect of dosage form, food, and antacids.
Bozigian, HP; Gooding, AE; Pakes, GE; Pritchard, JF, 1994)		1.73
" Absolute bioavailability after the oral dosing, colonic infusion, and rectal administration averaged 71 +/- 14, 74 +/- 26, and 58 +/- 18%, respectively."( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of an ondansetron solution (8 mg) when administered intravenously, orally, to the colon, and to the rectum.
Barr, WH; Bozigian, HP; Griffin, RH; Hsyu, PH; Krishna, G; Lloyd, TL; Pritchard, JF; Shamburek, R, 1994)		0.55
" Plasma concentrations of ondansetron peak 1 hour after an oral dose, and the tablet has an absolute bioavailability of 59%."( Ondansetron: a novel antiemetic agent.
Dukes, GE; Figg, WD; Graham, CL; Hak, LJ, 1993)		2.03
" After a single, oral dose of ondansetron, mean absolute bioavailability increased markedly with increased hepatic insufficiency (approaching 100% in the group with severe hepatic impairment versus 66% for control subjects)."( Pharmacokinetics of ondansetron in patients with hepatic insufficiency.
Carson, SW; Dukes, GE; Figg, WD; Hak, LJ; Hermann, DJ; Lesesne, HR; Powell, JR; Pritchard, JF; Songer, SS, 1996)		0.91
" Experimental investigations show that orally it is rapidly absorbed (about 90 min), is highly bioavailable (greater than 90%), has a long half-life (about 12 h) and is more potent (about 10 times) in animal models than ondansetron, currently standard therapy for the prophylactic control of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting."( Comparison of oral itasetron with oral ondansetron: results of a double-blind, active-controlled phase II study in chemotherapy-naive patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy.
Egerer, G; Goldschmidt, H; Kempe, R; Salwender, H; Voigt, T, 1997)		0.75
"To compare the relative bioavailability of two 16-mg extemporaneously prepared suppository formulations with that of an 8-mg commercially available oral tablet."( Relative bioavailability of ondansetron 8-mg oral tablets versus two extemporaneous 16-mg suppositories: formulation and gender differences.
Jann, MW; Tenjarla, SN; Ward, ES; Weidler, DJ; ZumBrunnen, TL, )		0.43
"Prospective, crossover bioavailability study."( Relative bioavailability of ondansetron 8-mg oral tablets versus two extemporaneous 16-mg suppositories: formulation and gender differences.
Jann, MW; Tenjarla, SN; Ward, ES; Weidler, DJ; ZumBrunnen, TL, )		0.43
"Ondansetron was well absorbed by both routes of administration."( Relative bioavailability of ondansetron 8-mg oral tablets versus two extemporaneous 16-mg suppositories: formulation and gender differences.
Jann, MW; Tenjarla, SN; Ward, ES; Weidler, DJ; ZumBrunnen, TL, )		1.87
" The bioavailability of oral ondansetron was reduced from 60% to 40% (P < ."( The effect of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous ondansetron.
Kivistö, KT; Neuvonen, PJ; Villikka, K, 1999)		0.83
"The absolute bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of three formulations of ondansetron hydrochloride 24 mg--an oral tablet, an intravenous solution, and an extemporaneous rectal suppository--were studied."( Pharmacokinetics of three formulations of ondansetron hydrochloride in healthy volunteers: 24-mg oral tablet, rectal suppository, and i.v. infusion.
Jann, MW; Kazmi, Y; Stewart, J; Tenjarla, SN; VanDenBerg, CM; Ward, ES; Weidler, DJ, 2000)		0.8
"The quantitative structure-bioavailability relationship of 232 structurally diverse drugs was studied to evaluate the feasibility of constructing a predictive model for the human oral bioavailability of prospective new medicinal agents."( QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
Topliss, JG; Yoshida, F, 2000)		0.31
"To compare the relative bioavailability of an extemporaneous ondansetron capsule formulation with that of an identical dose of the commercially available solution formulation."( Relative bioavailability of an extemporaneous ondansetron 4-mg capsule formulation versus solution.
Ait-Daoud, N; Javors, MA; Johnson, BA; Lam, YW; Roache, JD, 2004)		0.82
"Ondansetron was well absorbed after administration of both formulations, with the solution achieving a faster rate of drug absorption over the first hour of dosing."( Relative bioavailability of an extemporaneous ondansetron 4-mg capsule formulation versus solution.
Ait-Daoud, N; Javors, MA; Johnson, BA; Lam, YW; Roache, JD, 2004)		2.02
" While studies have revealed the bioavailability of enteric promethazine to be 25%, current dosing references suggest identical dosing regardless of the route of administration."( No more than necessary: safety and efficacy of low-dose promethazine.
Caldwell, JB; Moser, JD; Rhule, FJ, 2006)		0.33
" Thus, buccal adhesive tablet of ondansetron could be an alternative route to bypass the hepatic first-pass metabolism and to improve the bioavailability of (OH)."( Development and evaluation of buccal bioadhesive tablet of an anti-emetic agent ondansetron.
Ali, J; Ali, M; Hassan, N; Khar, RK, 2009)		0.86
"Gellan gum-based mucoadhesive microspheres of ondansetron hydrochloride for intranasal systemic delivery were prepared to avoid first pass effect, an alternative route of administration to injection and to enhance systemic bioavailability of ondansetron hydrochloride."( Nasal administration of ondansetron using a novel microspheres delivery system Part II: ex vivo and in vivo studies.
Gattani, SG; Mahajan, HS, 2010)		0.93
"Oral bioavailability (F) is a product of fraction absorbed (Fa), fraction escaping gut-wall elimination (Fg), and fraction escaping hepatic elimination (Fh)."( Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
Chang, G; El-Kattan, A; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Rotter, C; Steyn, SJ; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV, 2010)		0.36
" The analytical method was applied to evaluate the relative bioavailability of two pharmaceutical formulations containing 8 mg of ondansetron each in 25 healthy volunteers using a randomized, two-period crossover design."( Development and validation of a rapid and sensitive LC-ESI-MS/MS method for ondansetron quantification in human plasma and its application in comparative bioavailability study.
Azevedo, CP; Borges, DC; Borges, NC; Moreira, RF; Moreno, RA; Oliveira-Silva, D; Salvadori, MC; Sverdloff, CE, 2010)		0.8
" The film showed enhanced bioavailability and prolonged efficacy compared to the oral solution."( Development of chitosan-based ondansetron buccal delivery system for the treatment of emesis.
Jee, JP; Kim, CK; Kim, HT; Park, DM; Song, YK, 2012)		0.67
"The mucoadhesive ondansetron buccal film may be a potential alternative to the marketed oral formulation, parenterals and solid suppositories with better patient compliance and higher bioavailability for the treatment of emesis."( Development of chitosan-based ondansetron buccal delivery system for the treatment of emesis.
Jee, JP; Kim, CK; Kim, HT; Park, DM; Song, YK, 2012)		1.01
" Finally, the bioavailability study in rabbits revealed that the absolute bioavailability of ondansetron hydrochloride was significantly increased from 28."( Thermally reversible xyloglucan gels as vehicles for nasal drug delivery.
Lohiya, G; Mahajan, HS; Nerkar, P; Tyagi, V, )		0.35
"The current work aims to prepare the solid self-nanoemulsifying granules (SSNEGs) of ondansetron hydrochloride (ONH) to enhance its oral bioavailability by improving its aqueous solubility and facilitating its absorption though lymphatic pathways."( Development of solid self-nanoemulsifying granules (SSNEGs) of ondansetron hydrochloride with enhanced bioavailability potential.
Beg, S; Jena, SS; Patra, ChN; Rao, ME; Rizwan, M; Singh, B; Sruti, J; Swain, S, 2013)		0.85
"The thermosensitive-mucoadhesive ondansetron liquid suppository (tmOLS) was developed to enhance patient compliance and bioavailability in high-risk patients receiving highly emetogenic therapy and having difficulty in swallowing, The thermosensitive-mucoadhesive liquid suppository bases were formulated using poloxamers (P407 and P188) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC)."( Design and evaluation of ondansetron liquid suppository for the treatment of emesis.
Ban, E; Kim, CK, 2013)		0.97
" In-vivo study showed that microspheres based on mucoadhesive polymer were able to promote quick drug absorption as well as enhanced bioavailability of drug."( Bioavailability enhancement of ondansetron after nasal administration of Caesalpinia pulcherrima-based microspheres.
More, DP; Suryawanshi, SR; Thakare, NP; Thombre, NA, 2015)		0.7
" Developed mucoadhesive microspheres by nasal route showed enhancement of bioavailability as compared to oral route in rabbits."( Bioavailability enhancement of ondansetron after nasal administration of Caesalpinia pulcherrima-based microspheres.
More, DP; Suryawanshi, SR; Thakare, NP; Thombre, NA, 2015)		0.7
"CPG-based mucoadhesive microspheres can successfully deliver ondansetron intranasally, sustain its effect, avoid first pass effect, an alternative route of administration to injection and thus enhance systemic bioavailability of ondansetron hydrochloride."( Bioavailability enhancement of ondansetron after nasal administration of Caesalpinia pulcherrima-based microspheres.
More, DP; Suryawanshi, SR; Thakare, NP; Thombre, NA, 2015)		0.94
" Bioavailability of ondansetron was 32% (oral) and 75% (subcutaneous)."( Oral, subcutaneous, and intravenous pharmacokinetics of ondansetron in healthy cats.
Gustafson, DL; Hansen, RJ; Lake, RC; Lunghofer, PJ; Quimby, JM, 2014)		0.97
"This study was conducted to compare the bioavailability of two 8 mg ondansetron oral soluble film formulations."( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability study of two ondansetron oral soluble film formulations in fasting healthy male Chinese volunteers.
Wan, M; Zhang, Q; Zhao, Z; Zhu, J; Zhu, Y; Zou, J, 2015)		0.91
"The mean (standard derivation [SD]) relative bioavailability was 96."( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability study of two ondansetron oral soluble film formulations in fasting healthy male Chinese volunteers.
Wan, M; Zhang, Q; Zhao, Z; Zhu, J; Zhu, Y; Zou, J, 2015)		0.67
" The nasal delivery showed improved bioavailability as compared to oral delivery."( Nasal inserts containing ondansetron hydrochloride based on Chitosan-gellan gum polyelectrolyte complex: In vitro-in vivo studies.
Mahajan, HS; Sonje, AG, 2016)		0.74
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51
" Following subcutaneous administration in rats, the optimized formulation could prolong the drug release until 72 h with the enhanced bioavailability in comparison with the ODS solution."( Preparation of an oil suspension containing ondansetron hydrochloride as a sustained release parenteral formulation.
Chi, SC; Duong, VA; Maeng, HJ; Nguyen, TT, 2020)		0.82
" In elderly subjects, bioavailability may be somewhat higher (65%) and lower clearance, presumably due to reduced hepatic first-pass metabolism."( Sustained release formulation of Ondansetron HCl using osmotic drug delivery approach.
Gundu, R; Kulkarni, D; Pekamwar, S; Shelke, S; Shep, S, 2020)		0.84
"Ondansetron which is used to manage vertigo, nausea and vomiting suffer from the major limitations of low oral bioavailability (60 %) and short half-life (3-4 h), which affects the routine life style of patients (noncompliance due to multiple dosing)."( Pluronic® F127 stabilized reduced graphene oxide hydrogel for transdermal delivery of ondansetron: Ex vivo and animal studies.
Jia, Y; Li, H; Liu, C, 2020)		2.22
" Preanesthetic oral ketamine is generally used in children but has less bioavailability due to the first-pass effect."( Preanesthetic nebulized ketamine vs preanesthetic oral ketamine for sedation and postoperative pain management in children for elective surgery: A retrospective analysis for effectiveness and safety.
Chen, C; Cheng, X; Fu, F; Lin, L, 2021)		0.62
"Ondansetron (ODS) is an effective antiemetic drug which suffers from limited solubility and bioavailability during oral administration due to first-pass metabolism."( Ondansetron/Cyclodextrin inclusion complex nanofibrous webs for potential orally fast-disintegrating antiemetic drug delivery.
Celebioglu, A; Durgun, E; Emin Kilic, M; Hsiung, E; Uyar, T, 2022)		3.61

Dosage Studied

Repeat ondansetron dosing was not more effective than placebo in controlling either postoperative emesis or the severity/duration of postoperative nausea. Dose-response testing revealed that suppression of food intake by 263 mM Polycose was equally attenuated by ondANSetron administered at 1.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Our data suggest that in comparison to ondansetron, granisetron is a more potent, longer acting and pharmacologically "cleaner" compound with a more conventional dose-response profile."( Are all 5-HT3 receptor antagonists the same?
Andrews, PL; Bhandari, P; Bingham, S; Blower, PR; Davey, PT; Marr, HE, 1992)		0.55
"01 mg/kg IP, twice daily for 14 days) produced a significant anxiolytic profile which was not a result of handling during the chronic dosing schedule, an effect was not measureable 24 h after treatment ended."( Comparison of acute and chronic treatment of various serotonergic agents with those of diazepam and idazoxan in the rat elevated X-maze.
Heaton, M; Marsden, CA; Upton, N; Wright, IK, 1992)		0.28
"This study measured the concentrations of ondansetron in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in six volunteers after oral dosing to steady state."( Concentration of ondansetron in cerebrospinal fluid following oral dosing in volunteers.
Colthup, PV; Murphy, P; Simpson, KH; Whelan, P, 1992)		0.89
" Because of large intersubject variability in clearance and the relative safety of ondansetron, adjustments in ondansetron dosing based on age or gender alone are not recommended."( Ondansetron metabolism and pharmacokinetics.
Pritchard, JF, 1992)		1.95
"We examined the anti-emetic effect, safety and usefulness of ondansetron hydrochloride, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, given orally once daily at the dosage of 4 mg, for 3 to 5 consecutive days to patients with nausea and emesis induced by non-platinum anti-cancer drugs such as cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and carboplatin."( [Examination of inhibitory effect, safety and usefulness of SN-307 (ondansetron) administered orally once daily for 3-5 consecutive days on nausea and emesis associated with non-platinum anti-cancer drugs].
Akasaka, Y; Ariyoshi, Y; Furue, H; Ikeda, M; Niitani, H; Ohta, J; Ota, K; Suminaga, M; Taguchi, T; Tsukagoshi, S, 1992)		0.76
" Patients received an intravenous dose of 16 mg dexamethasone with either 8 mg ondansetron or 60 mg metoclopramide before chemotherapy, followed by oral dosing with 8 mg ondansetron or 20 mg metoclopramide 3 times daily for 5 days."( Ondansetron compared with metoclopramide in the control of emesis and quality of life during repeated chemotherapy for breast cancer.
Cassidy, J; Coleman, R; Hunter, E; Kaye, S; Kerr, D; Khanna, S; McQuade, B; Smyth, J; Soukop, M; Stewart, A, 1992)		1.95
" Several clinical observations suggested that ondansetron may be effective when given in a single dose: (1) demonstration of efficacy over a wide dose range, (2) similar efficacy with dosing intervals of 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours, and (3) efficacy of single-dose regimens with high-dose metoclopramide and other 5-hydroxytryptamine3 antagonists."( Single-dose ondansetron for the prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis: efficacy results.
Hainsworth, JD; Hesketh, PJ, 1992)		0.92
" Ondansetron, 1 mg and 8 mg, and placebo were given as twice daily dosing for 2 1/2 days."( A study to evaluate the effect of ondansetron on psychomotor performance after repeated oral dosing in healthy subjects.
Ceuppens, PR; Hall, ST, 1991)		1.47
"The chemistry, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, stability, compatibility, and dosage of ondansetron hydrochloride are described, and clinical studies of the use of ondansetron for the prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting induced by antineoplastic therapy are reviewed."( Ondansetron--the first of a new class of antiemetic agents.
Chaffee, BJ; Tankanow, RM, 1991)		1.95
"15 mg/kg) given intravenously every 6 hours (first dose 30 minutes prior to cisplatin administration); 11 additional patients received an identical dosage and schedule except that a fourth daily dose was added 17."( Ondansetron (GR 38032F): a novel antiemetic effective in patients receiving a multiple-day regimen of cisplatin chemotherapy.
Bryson, JC; Finn, AL; Hainsworth, JD; Khojasteh, A; Omura, GA, 1991)		1.72
" before chemotherapy followed by twice-daily (12-hourly) oral dosing has good efficacy in the control of emesis in oncology outpatients."( Oral treatment with ondansetron in an outpatient setting.
Dicato, MA, 1991)		0.6
"5 mg/kg/infusion), and shifted the dose-response curve for cocaine self-administration to the right."( GR38032F, a serotonin 5-HT3 antagonist, fails to alter cocaine self-administration in rats.
Peltier, R; Schenk, S, 1991)		0.28
" GR38032F (10 micrograms/kg) caused a significant rightward shift in the 2-methyl-5-HT dose-response curve."( Effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine on external carotid nerve activity and its blockade by GR38032F in anesthetized rats.
Abe, M; Ikeda, T; Saito, H; Togashi, H; Yoshioka, M, 1991)		0.28
" These data support recent claims that GR38032F attenuates benzodiazepine withdrawal, and they indicate that this effect shows an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve."( Effects of the 5-HT3 antagonist GR38032F (ondansetron) on benzodiazepine withdrawal in rats.
Goudie, AJ; Leathley, MJ, 1990)		0.54
"To determine a dose-response relationship of ondansetron for the prevention of emesis induced by high-dose cisplatin and to study the efficacy of the extended dosing schedule of ondansetron during 20 hours after cisplatin administration, 36 patients with malignant neoplasms who had not previously received chemotherapy but who were currently receiving cisplatin were treated."( Ondansetron for the prevention of emesis induced by high-dose cisplatin. A multi-center dose-response study.
Bernard, S; Finn, A; Gandara, D; Khojasteh, A; Lester, E; Sartiano, G; Tapazoglou, E, 1990)		1.98
") had no effects on duodenal intraluminal pressure, but reduced the responses to distension with a bell-shaped dose-response relationship."( The effects of granisetron, ICS 205-930 and ondansetron on the visceral pain reflex induced by duodenal distension.
Moss, HE; Sanger, GJ, 1990)		0.54
" Pretreatment with a selective 5-HT3 antagonist, GR38032F (3 x 10(-8) mol/kg), caused a parallel shift to the right in the dose-response curve."( Effect of a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine3-antagonist, GR38032F, on the 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced increase in carotid sinus nerve activity in rats.
Yoshioka, M, 1989)		0.28
" The pharmacokinetics of ondansetron have been defined in volunteers using intravenous and oral dosage regimens proposed for the clinic."( The clinical pharmacology of ondansetron.
Blackwell, CP; Harding, SM, 1989)		0.87
" Early clinical studies therefore examined ondansetron treatment to establish an optimal dosing schedule for acute emesis."( Ondansetron in the prophylaxis of acute cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting.
Marty, M, 1989)		1.98
" The pharmacokinetic profile of ondansetron has been established following single and multiple oral dosing and intravenous infusions."( The determination in plasma and pharmacokinetics of ondansetron.
Colthup, PV; Palmer, JL, 1989)		0.81
" Although aging is associated with decreased clearance and increased bioavailability, dosage adjustments are not required for the elderly, and may be necessary only in patients with severe hepatic impairment."( Ondansetron clinical pharmacokinetics.
Del Favero, A; Roila, F, 1995)		1.73
" After a 4- to 5-day recovery, piglets were hydrated, then dosed with cisplatin (5."( The piglet as a suitable animal model for studying the delayed phase of cisplatin-induced emesis.
Blower, P; Grélot, L; Milano, S; Romain, D, 1995)		0.29
"One hundred sixteen cases of leukemia patients received supra-high single dose TBI for bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with total a radiation dosage of 700-770 Gy at about 5cGy/min."( [Ondansetron in the prophylaxis of acute emesis induced by supra-high single dose total body irradiation (TBI)].
Fan, Y; Guo, N; Huang, X, 1995)		1.2
"This is the first double-blind clinical trial in a homogenous group of patients to compare the recommended dosing schedules of ondansetron and granisetron in the control of prolonged emesis after cyclophosphamide-containing chemotherapy (48% CMF, 35% EC) for breast cancer."( Ondansetron compared with granisetron in the prophylaxis of cyclophosphamide-induced emesis in out-patients: a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised, parallel-group study. Emesis Study Group for Ondansetron and Granisetron in Breast Cancer P
Corette, L; Cronje, JD; Froger, X; Goedhals, L; Gudgeon, A; Laplaige, P; McQuade, B; Roberts, JT; Stewart, A; Tubiana-Hulin, M, )		1.78
"It is the purpose of this article to discuss ondansetron hydrochloride (Zofran Glaxo, Research Triangle Park, NJ) and its mechanisms of action, indications for use, dosage and administration, side effects, and nursing implications."( Practical points in the use of ondansetron.
Litwack, K, 1994)		0.83
" Optimal dose, frequency of dosing and route of administration have not been established."( The clinical use of ondansetron. New South Wales Therapeutic Assessment Group.
Currow, DC; Noble, PD; Stuart-Harris, RC, 1995)		0.61
" These results indicate that distinct and contrasting dose-response profiles exist for these classical and atypical drugs in an animal model of anxiety based on electric shock."( Differential profile of the CCKB receptor antagonist CI-988 and diazepam in the four-plate test.
Dooley, DJ; Klamt, I, 1993)		0.29
" Prospective studies designed to generate comparative clinical and economic data are needed in which outcomes are assessed by a common scale and in which previously established optimal doses and dosing schedules of each compound (either alone or in combination therapy) are used."( Impact of ondansetron and granisetron on chemotherapy-induced emesis in adults: the need for comparative pharmacoeconomic data.
Hedayati, S; Moatti, JP; Seitz, JF, )		0.53
" Absolute bioavailability after the oral dosing on day 1 was 87."( Oral ondansetron pharmacokinetics: the effect of chemotherapy.
Bjurstrom, T; Bozigian, HP; Gooding, AE; Griffin, RH; Hansen, LA; Hsyu, PH; Huang, AT; Mitchell, R; Panella, TL; Pritchard, JF, 1994)		0.8
"The survey queried patient demographics, type of antineoplastic therapy administered, indications and dosing regimen(s) for ondansetron, additional antiemetic agents administered, and clinical response."( Multicenter postmarketing surveillance of ondansetron therapy in pediatric patients.
McQueen, KD; Milton, JD, 1994)		0.76
" Ondansetron dosing was off-label in 15 percent and 73 percent prior to and after an emetogenic exposure, respectively."( Multicenter postmarketing surveillance of ondansetron therapy in pediatric patients.
McQueen, KD; Milton, JD, 1994)		1.46
" Additional evaluation into the most cost-effective dosing of ondansetron would also be valuable."( Multicenter postmarketing surveillance of ondansetron therapy in pediatric patients.
McQueen, KD; Milton, JD, 1994)		0.79
" Thus, an efficient anti-emetic drug with less frequent dosing, using a simplified dosage regimen and producing a reduction in anticipatory nausea and vomiting and in nursing time, may result in an overall reduction in cost."( Clinical studies to assess the economic impact of new therapies: pragmatic approaches to measuring costs.
Kirchner, V, 1993)		0.29
" Serial plasma samples were obtained for up to 24 hr after dosing in each treatment period."( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of an ondansetron solution (8 mg) when administered intravenously, orally, to the colon, and to the rectum.
Barr, WH; Bozigian, HP; Griffin, RH; Hsyu, PH; Krishna, G; Lloyd, TL; Pritchard, JF; Shamburek, R, 1994)		0.55
" To compare the efficacy and tolerability of standard dosage of tropisetron and ondansetron in controlling emesis induced by chemotherapeutic regimen not containing cisplatin."( [Tropisetron versus ondansetron in the prevention and control of emesis in patients undergoing chemotherapy with FAC/FEC for metastatic or surgically treated breast carcinoma].
Campora, E; Rosso, R; Simoni, C, )		0.68
"05 mg/kg at 3-minute intervals to establish approximately 95% twitch inhibition so as to construct a dose-response curve."( The effect of ondansetron on atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade.
Embree, PB; Gadalla, F; Kudlak, TT; Lien, CA; Savarese, JJ; Sharp, GJ, )		0.49
"Log dose-response curves were determined for the study groups and compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA)."( The effect of ondansetron on atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade.
Embree, PB; Gadalla, F; Kudlak, TT; Lien, CA; Savarese, JJ; Sharp, GJ, )		0.49
" On 85 days the dosage was lower than recommended (the lowest 2 mg/m2/day)."( Ondansetron as an effective drug in prophylaxis of chemotherapy--induced emesis in children.
Beshari, SE; Kołecki, P; Wachowiak, J, 1993)		1.73
" In each experiment, order of dosing conditions was determined by a Latin square design."( Effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine3 antagonist, ondansetron, on cigarette smoking, smoke exposure, and mood in humans.
Apfelbaum, JL; Lichtor, JL; Zacny, JP; Zaragoza, JG, 1993)		0.55
" Patients received an intravenous dose of 16 mg dexamethasone with either 8 mg ondansetron or 60 mg metoclopramide intravenously before chemotherapy followed by oral dosing with 8 mg ondansetron or 20 mg metoclopramide 3 times daily for 5 days."( Ondansetron: a cost-effective advance in anti-emetic therapy.
Cox, F; Hirsch, J, )		1.8
" Criteria for dosage and administration were met by 76% of the inpatient orders and 83% of the outpatient orders."( Ondansetron use in a major university teaching hospital.
Chapman, SM; Pruemer, JM, 1993)		1.73
" It is recommended that the dosing frequency of ondansetron be limited to once daily in patients with severe hepatic impairment."( The pharmacokinetics of intravenous ondansetron in patients with hepatic impairment.
Blake, JC; Burroughs, AK; Minton, NA; Palmer, JL, 1993)		0.82
" Data were collected on patient demographics, medical history, dosage of ondansetron, outcome, adverse effects, and concurrent medications."( Multicenter evaluation of ondansetron use in hospitalized oncology patients.
Emhart, GC; Jessen, LM; Long, KS; Patel, HS; Peters, MD; Reitz, JA, 1993)		0.82
" There was little evidence of a dose-response relationship for either compound, and a loss of efficacy for ondansetron was seen at 3 mg/kg."( Ondansetron improves cognitive performance in the Morris water maze spatial navigation task.
Daniels, SE; Eglen, RM; Fontana, DJ; Henderson, C; Wong, EH, 1995)		1.95
" These experimental conditions are also suitable for analysis of the considered compounds in pharmaceutical dosage forms or in biological fluids."( Retention behaviour of anti-emetic serotonin antagonists in reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography.
Barbato, F; La Rotonda, MI; Quaglia, F, 1995)		0.29
" Fifty patients received ondansetron therapy in accordance with all indication and dosage aspects of the guidelines."( Compliance with guidelines results in appropriate ondansetron prescribing at Christchurch Hospital.
Allen, B; Begg, EJ; Busch, AF; Pearce, MJ, 1996)		0.85
" In conclusion, ondansetron given prior to anaesthesia in a dosage of 4 mg did not prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy."( Antiemetic efficacy of prophylactic ondansetron in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Koivuranta, MK; Läärä, E; Ryhänen, PT, 1996)		0.91
" In addition, ondansetron had a similar dose-response curve in both menstruating and nonmenstruating women."( The effects of the menstrual cycle on the incidence of emesis and efficacy of ondansetron.
Afshar, M; Allen, E; Buxbaum, J; Gratz, I; Joslyn, AF; Prilliman, B, 1996)		0.88
" In addition, a brief battery of psychomotor tests was administered 1 h prior to dosing and 1 and 4 h after dosing."( The effect of ondansetron on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of temazepam.
Keene, ON; Palmer, JL; Preston, GC, 1996)		0.65
" As animal studies and early clinical studies with ondansetron have suggested nonlinear dose-response relationships, three subjects also underwent pilot studies with three doses of ondansetron (0."( Biological and behavioral responses to D-amphetamine, alone and in combination with the serotonin3 receptor antagonist ondansetron, in healthy volunteers.
Broocks, A; Canter, SK; Dubbert, B; Grady, TA; Hill, JL; Murphy, DL; Pigott, TA, 1996)		0.75
"001) linear dose-response relationship was observed over the entire dolasetron dosage range for all efficacy parameters."( Therapeutic equivalence of single oral doses of dolasetron mesilate and multiple doses of ondansetron for the prevention of emesis after moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. European Dolasetron Comparative Study Group.
Chemaissani, A; Cognetti, F; Conte, PF; Cortes-Funes, H; Del Favero, A; Diaz-Rubio, E; Dressler, H; Duclos, B; Fauser, AA, 1996)		0.52
" Paclitaxel dosage was escalated in 10 mg/m2/wk increments in subsequent patients, to a maximum dosage of 90 mg/m2/wk."( Schedule- and dose-intensified paclitaxel as weekly 1-hour infusion in pretreated solid tumors: results of a phase I/II trial.
Freund, W; Hausamen, TU; Lipke, J; Löffler, TM, 1996)		0.29
"6% acetic acid) in conscious rats with a bell-shaped dose-response curve."( Response heterogeneity of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in a rat visceral hypersensitivity model.
Dahl, SG; Junien, JL; Langlois, A; Pascaud, X; Rivière, PJ, 1996)		0.29
" In contrast, daily injections of ondansetron with cocaine significantly blocked the development of sensitization with an inverted U-shape dose-response curve."( Blockade of cocaine sensitization and tolerance by the co-administration of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and cocaine.
Ellinwood, EH; King, GR; Xiong, Z, 1997)		0.81
"To test the evidence for a dose-response with ondansetron for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting and to establish whether differences in efficacy between doses are of clinical relevance."( A quantitative systematic review of ondansetron in treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting.
McQuay, HJ; Moore, RA; Reynolds, DJ; Tramèr, MR, 1997)		0.83
" There was no evidence of a clinically relevant dose-response between 1 mg and 8 mg or a difference between ondansetron and either droperidol or metoclopramide in a limited dataset."( A quantitative systematic review of ondansetron in treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting.
McQuay, HJ; Moore, RA; Reynolds, DJ; Tramèr, MR, 1997)		0.78
"The inhibitory effects of GG032X tablets, a new dosage form (fast dispersing tablet) of ondansetron, 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, on nausea and emesis induced by cisplatin (CDDP), were investigated along with safety and usefulness."( [Clinical efficacy of GG032X tablets, a new dosage form of ondansetron (fast dispersing tablet), on cisplatin-induced nausea and emesis].
Akasaka, Y; Ariyoshi, Y; Ikeda, M; Nukariya, N; Ota, J; Suminaga, M; Taguchi, T, 1997)		0.76
" This study is the first large-scale, double-blind trial to demonstrate that ondansetron 8 mg BID for 3 days, a dosing regimen that may enhance patient convenience and compliance, is as effective as ondansetron 8 mg TID for 3 days in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy."( Oral ondansetron 8 mg twice daily is as effective as 8 mg three times daily in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with moderately emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. S3A-376 Study Group.
Beck, TM; Chang, A; Griffin, D; Harvey, WH; Meshad, M; Navari, R; Wentz, A; York, M, 1997)		1.04
"To establish a dose-response relationship for ondansetron, and to evaluate any effects of oral premedication with metoclopramide in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy and strabismus surgery."( Ondansetron dose response curve in high-risk pediatric patients.
Kymer, PJ; Lawhorn, CD; Shirey, R; Stewart, FC; Stoner, JM; Volpe, P, 1997)		2
" The IC consisted of methotrexate, hydrocortisone and cytarabine, dosed according to patient age."( Assessment of the emetogenic potential of intrathecal chemotherapy and response to prophylactic treatment with ondansetron.
Chavez, CM; Holdsworth, MT; Raisch, DW; Winter, SS, 1998)		0.51
" The percentage of reduction of benzodiazepine daily dosage at all time points in the treatment trial was similar for the ondansetron and placebo groups."( A controlled trial of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, in benzodiazepine discontinuation.
Busto, UE; Kaplan, HL; Romach, MK; Sellers, EM; Somer, G, 1998)		0.82
"To determine the dose-response relationship of ondansetron in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in women undergoing elective surgery."( A randomized, double-blind, dose-response study of ondansetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Chang, Y; Conant, JA; Connors, PM; Dershwitz, M; Rosow, CE, 1998)		0.81
" dosing regimen over a 24 h period, administered to patients prior to receiving cisplatin (50 mg/m2 or greater) chemotherapy."( A multicenter, double-blind comparison of i.v. and oral administration of ondansetron plus dexamethasone for acute cisplatin-induced emesis. Ondansetron Acute Emesis Study Group.
Goedhals, L; Graham, E; Joly, F; Krzakowski, M; Lees, J; McQuade, B; Pawlicki, M; Rapoport, B; Yelle, L, 1998)		0.53
" Preloading with the total 24-hour dose of OND 32 mg exhibits a more potent antiemetic activity during the initial 18 h, becoming weaker over the last 5 h of the first day, whereas the every-6-hour schedule leaves periods of poor emesis control between dosing intervals."( A randomized comparative study of antiemetic prophylaxis with ondansentron in a single 32-mg loading dose versus 8 mg every 6 h in patients undergoing cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
Athanassiadis, A; Bacoyiannis, C; Fountzilas, G; Karakousis, C; Kosmas, C; Kosmidis, P; Mylonakis, N; Tsavaris, N, )		0.13
" Dose-response relationships show that higher doses of ibuprofen may be particularly effective."( Postoperative analgesia and vomiting, with special reference to day-case surgery: a systematic review.
McQuay, HJ; Moore, RA, 1998)		0.3
" Emesis induced by RS14203 exhibited a dose-response relationship but no such relationship was seen for R-rolipram or CT-2450."( Emesis induced by inhibitors of type IV cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE IV) in the ferret.
Choudhury, I; Robichaud, A; Rodger, IW; Tattersall, FD, 1999)		0.3
" No dose-response inhibition was observed."( Involvement of 5-HT3 receptors in the prolactin release induced by immobilization stress in rats.
Nonaka, KO, 1999)		0.3
" Repeat ondansetron dosing was not more effective than placebo in controlling either postoperative emesis or the severity/duration of postoperative nausea."( Efficacy of repeat intravenous dosing of ondansetron in controlling postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial.
Angel, JJ; Baughman, VL; Campbell, C; Creed, MR; Edmondson, D; Jense, HG; Kekoler, LJ; Kovac, AL; Mingus, M; O'Connor, TA; Pearman, MH; Shahvari, MB, 1999)		1
" The maximal ondansetron dosage (8-16 mg per day) was given for 3 weeks."( Ondansetron treatment in patients with Tourette's syndrome.
Cohen, DJ; Laor, N; Toren, P; Weizman, A; Wolmer, L, 1999)		2.12
" For prevention of delayed N&V, patients receiving TTS-F for acute N&V were given TTS-F at the same dosage (75 micrograms/h) on days 2-5, whereas patients receiving OND for acute N&V were treated with M 20 mg orally every 6 h on days 2-5, starting 24 h after CDDP."( Prevention of nausea and vomiting (N&V) in cancer patients receiving high-dose cisplatin. Assessment of the potential antiemetic activity of transdermal fentanyl (TTS-F) compared to standard antiemetic treatment in acute and delayed N&V: first clinical re
Contu, P; Curreli, L; Macciò, A; Mantovani, G; Massa, D; Massa, E; Mulas, C; Succu, G, )		0.13
" dosing for all patients would have resulted in >/=28% savings."( Balancing efficacy with cost: antiemetic control in the pediatric stem cell transplant (SCT) population.
Eichelberger, WJ; Guinan, EC; Hoorntje, LE; Levine, KJ; Mayer, DK; Parsons, SK, 2000)		0.31
" Serial plasma and pleural or ascitic fluid samples were collected during each dosing and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography for both the intact lactone form of topotecan and its ring-opened carboxylate form."( Topotecan lacks third space sequestration.
de Jonge, MJ; Gelderblom, H; Loos, WJ; Sparreboom, A; Verweij, J, 2000)		0.31
" There is a need for nasal drug delivery in specific patient populations where the use of commercially available intravenous and oral dosage forms may be inconvenient and/or unfeasible."( Nasal absorption of ondansetron in rats: an alternative route of drug delivery.
Dakkuri, A; Hussain, AA; Itoh, S, 2000)		0.63
" The carboplatin AUC dosing level was 4, 5, or 6 in 6, 5, and 16 individuals, respectively."( The antiemetic efficacy of oral ondansetron plus intravenous dexamethasone in patients with gynecologic malignancies receiving carboplatin-based chemotherapy.
Belinson, J; Kennedy, A; Kulp, B; Markman, M; Peterson, G; Webster, K, 2000)		0.59
" All subjects received each dosage form on the same day in the following order: oral tablet, rectal suppository, and intravenous infusion."( Pharmacokinetics of three formulations of ondansetron hydrochloride in healthy volunteers: 24-mg oral tablet, rectal suppository, and i.v. infusion.
Jann, MW; Kazmi, Y; Stewart, J; Tenjarla, SN; VanDenBerg, CM; Ward, ES; Weidler, DJ, 2000)		0.57
"To introduce a computerized data collection system used for an outcomes-based approach to antiemetic therapy in children, and to present data collected with this system in support of a new antiemetic dosing regimen."( Computerized system for outcomes-based antiemetic therapy in children.
Adams, VR; Holdsworth, MT; Raisch, DW; Winter, SS; Wood, JG, 2000)		0.31
" Hence, we examined the effects of intravenous ondansetron at dosage of 4 and 8 mg in comparison with intravenous prochlorperazine at 5 mg and placebo."( Failure of prevention against postoperative vomiting by ondansetron or prochlorperazine in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopy.
Buerkle, H; Hsu, TY; Lee, TC; Lee, TH; Lin, CR; Mao, CC; Yang, LC, 2000)		0.81
"We conclude that at the dosage level studied ondansetron is about twice as effective as metoclopramide in the symptomatic relief of uremia-induced nausea and vomiting."( Comparison of ondansetron with metoclopramide in the symptomatic relief of uremia-induced nausea and vomiting.
Bagatin, J; Hozo, I; Ljutić, D; Perković, D; Pivac, N; Rumboldt, Z, 2002)		0.94
" Further detailed pharmacokinetic studies of irinotecan in patients receiving concomitant therapy with enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants are required so that rational dosing recommendations can be provided for this patient population."( Influence of phenytoin on the disposition of irinotecan: a case report.
Berg, S; Bernstein, M; Blaney, SM; Cherrick, I; Kuttesch, N; Murry, DJ; Salama, V, 2002)		0.31
" Continued dosing with MK-869 may enhance control of other measures of delayed emesis, such as the use of rescue medication, although confirmation is required before a definitive conclusion may be drawn."( Prevention of cisplatin-induced acute and delayed emesis by the selective neurokinin-1 antagonists, L-758,298 and MK-869.
Brestan, E; Bui, B; Carides, AD; De Smet, M; Decramer, ML; Eldridge, K; Evans, JK; Garin, AM; Gertz, BJ; Lichinitser, MR; Michiels, N; Navari, RM; Reinhardt, RR; Riviere, A; Thant, M; Van Belle, S, 2002)		0.31
") either during the second dosing regimen (3."( Ondansetron given in the acute withdrawal from a repeated cocaine sensitization dosing regimen reverses the expression of sensitization and inhibits self-administration.
Davidson, C; Ellinwood, EH; Lee, TH; Xiong, Z, 2002)		1.76
"5% European American; 20 EOAs; 20 LOAs) received an oral solution of ondansetron at a dosage of 4 microg/kg twice daily for 8 weeks, together with weekly relapse-prevention therapy."( Effects of ondansetron in early- versus late-onset alcoholics: a prospective, open-label study.
Feinn, R; Hernandez-Avila, C; Kranzler, HR; Pierucci-Lagha, A, 2003)		0.94
"An oral solution of ondansetron seems suitable for the treatment of alcohol dependence, yielding findings consistent with evidence from a placebo-controlled trial that ondansetron, at a dosage of 4 microg/kg twice daily, is of value in the treatment of EOAs."( Effects of ondansetron in early- versus late-onset alcoholics: a prospective, open-label study.
Feinn, R; Hernandez-Avila, C; Kranzler, HR; Pierucci-Lagha, A, 2003)		1.03
" The lethal toxicity was statistically significantly dosing time-dependent (chi2 = 21."( Circadian rhythms in toxic effects of the serotonin antagonist ondansetron in mice.
Ben Attia, M; Boughattas, NA; Bouzouita, K; Chouchane, L; Gadacha, W; Khedhaier, A; Mechkouri, M; Reinberg, A; Sani, M, 2003)		0.56
" However, the dosage used in the control group was effective and less expensive."( Ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: which is the best dosage for aesthetic plastic surgery?
Barbosa, MV; Bariani, RL; Farah, AB; Ferreira, LM; João, BB; Nahas, FX, )		1.57
"15 mg/kg followed by 1 dose of the same dosage orally."( Single-dose oral granisetron versus multidose intravenous ondansetron for moderately emetogenic cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy in pediatric outpatients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Hu, WY; Hung, IJ; Jaing, TH; Tsay, PK; Yang, CP, )		0.38
" DPIVM may allow significant financial savings in centers and hospital departments using high-cost pharmaceuticals susceptible of customized dosing --e."( [Financial assessment of device for the preparation of intravenous mixtures in hospital pharmacy].
Bonafont Pujol, X; Casado Collado, A; Clemente Bautista, S; Herdman, M; Jódar Masanés, R; Luengo Pascual, L; Napal Lecumberri, V; Serrano Padilla, G, )		0.13
" Dose-response curves were also obtained with tramadol combined with ondansetron or droperidol at 1:1 fixed ratios."( Interaction between tramadol and two anti-emetics on nociception and gastrointestinal transit in mice.
Dürsteler, C; Fernandez, V; Mases, A; Pol, O; Puig, MM, 2006)		0.57
" However, this drug has significant sedative effects with its standard dosage of 25 mg, especially when used in conjunction with narcotic analgesics."( No more than necessary: safety and efficacy of low-dose promethazine.
Caldwell, JB; Moser, JD; Rhule, FJ, 2006)		0.33
" Factorial design was a powerful tool, allowing simultaneous determination of dose-response relationships for three drugs and identifying a previously unreported negative interaction between OND and MET."( A factorial study of ondansetron, metoclopramide, and dexamethasone for emesis prophylaxis after adenotonsillectomy in children.
Beckman, EC; Gunter, JB; McAuliffe, JJ; Spaeth, JP; Varughese, AM; Wittkugel, EP, 2006)		0.65
" Ablation of NK-1 receptor expressing cells prevented (a) morphine-induced thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity, (b) increased touch-evoked spinal FOS expression, (c) upregulation of spinal dynorphin content and (d) the rightward displacement of the spinal morphine antinociceptive dose-response curve (i."( Spinal NK-1 receptor expressing neurons mediate opioid-induced hyperalgesia and antinociceptive tolerance via activation of descending pathways.
King, T; Lai, J; Ossipov, MH; Porreca, F; Vanderah, TW; Vera-Portocarrero, LP; Zhang, ET, 2007)		0.34
" Some differences were noted in dosing subanalyses."( A meta-analysis comparing the efficacy of four 5-HT3-receptor antagonists for acute chemotherapy-induced emesis.
Arnold, D; Grothey, A; Hinke, A; Jordan, K; Schmoll, HJ; Voigt, W; Wolf, HH, 2007)		0.34
"Unlike patients with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, perioperative patients who failed ondansetron prophylaxis did not have a significant response to cross-over dosing with granisetron."( Granisetron versus ondansetron treatment for breakthrough postoperative nausea and vomiting after prophylactic ondansetron failure: a pilot study.
Arheart, KL; Birnbach, DJ; Candiotti, KA; Deepika, K; Kamat, A; Lubarsky, DA; Nhuch, F, 2007)		0.89
"The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of single and repeat dosing with oral ondansetron, a 5-HT3-specific receptor blocker, on the degree and duration of bronchodilation induced by inhaled ipratropium bromide in patients with COPD."( Bronchodilating effect of combined therapy with ipratropium bromide and ondansetron in patients with COPD.
Faiferman, I; Fogarty, C; Hirschberg, S; Joos, GF; Pauwels, R; Vessey, R; Wouters, EF, 2008)		0.8
" During a 1 yr span (2005), four 24 h studies were performed with a single dosing time at 1, 7, 13, and 19 hours after light onset (HALO), respectively."( Seasonal modulation of the 8-and 24-hour rhythms of ondansetron tolerance in mice.
Ben-Attia, M; Boughattas, NA; Gadacha, W; Khedhaier, A; Reinberg, A; Sani, M, 2007)		0.59
"This study examined whether different ondansetron dosing schedules plus dexamethasone influenced antiemetic efficacy during multiple cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CT)."( Intravenous ondansetron plus intravenous dexamethasone with different ondansetron dosing schedules during multiple cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
Chen, PT; Liaw, CC, )		0.78
" Pharmacokinetics suggest that the adult dosing regimen is appropriate for adolescents."( Aprepitant in adolescent patients for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and tolerability.
Carides, AD; Chawla, S; Chua, V; Devandry, S; Evans, JK; Gore, L; Hemenway, M; Oxenius, B; Petrilli, A; Schissel, D; Taylor, A; Valentine, J, 2009)		0.35
" These results allow Rapidfilm to claim the same panel of indications of the conventional immediate release oral solid dosage forms, but offering several advantages also over the ODT: it can result in higher patient convenience for several applications."( Rapidfilm: an innovative pharmaceutical form designed to improve patient compliance.
Breitenbach, A; Giarratana, N; Klaffenbach, P; Monti, NC; Reiner, V, 2010)		0.36
" These results should allow a better individualization of etoposide dosing in children."( Developmental pharmacokinetics of etoposide in 67 children: lack of dexamethasone effect.
Auvrignon, A; Chastagner, P; Corradini, N; Doz, F; Gentet, JC; Giraud, C; Leblond, P; Rey, E; Rubie, H; Treluyer, JM; Urien, S; Vassal, G, 2011)		0.37
" Due to the variation in concurrent therapies and dosing regimens, it is difficult to establish an optimal dose from the reviewed trials."( The role of ondansetron in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Bennett, AC; Vila, TM, )		0.51
" The exact dosing regimen for ondansetron and dexamethasone was different in each study."( Differential time course of action of 5-HT3 and NK1 receptor antagonists when used with highly and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC and MEC).
Carides, AD; Hesketh, PJ; Street, JC; Warr, DG, 2011)		0.66
"The in vivo assessment of percutaneous absorption of molecules is a very important step in the evaluation of any transdermal drug delivery system and a key goal in the design and optimization of transdermal dosage forms lies in understanding the factors that determine a good in vivo performance."( Preclinical evaluation of drug in adhesive type ondansetron loaded transdermal therapeutic systems.
Mallick, S; Pattnaik, S; Swain, K; Yeasmin, N, 2011)		0.62
"We enrolled 202 chemotherapy naïve patients treated with cisplatin at a dosage of ≥50 mg/m(2) as monotherapy or as combined chemotherapy."( Association of ABCB1, 5-HT3B receptor and CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms with ondansetron and metoclopramide antiemetic response in Indonesian cancer patients treated with highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
Baak-Pablo, RF; Gelderblom, H; Guchelaar, HJ; Hakimi, M; Mustofa, M; Nortier, JW; Perwitasari, DA; van der Straaten, RJ; Wessels, JA, 2011)		0.6
" This requirement may reflect a necessary dosing regimen towards normalizing underlying dysfunctional neural circuits and "addiction memory" states."( Pharmacologically-mediated reactivation and reconsolidation blockade of the psychostimulant-abuse circuit: a novel treatment strategy.
Beyer, WF; Fowler, JC; Lee, TH; Mangum, OB; Mannelli, P; Patkar, A; Szabo, ST; Wetsel, WC, 2012)		0.38
" During cycle 1 and cycle 2, subjects received dinaciclib with aprepitant in one cycle and dinaciclib without aprepitant in the other cycle; aprepitant was administered at a dose of 125 mg orally on day 1 and 80 mg orally on days 2 and 3, along with standard dosing regimens of ondansetron and dexamethasone."( Effect of aprepitant on the pharmacokinetics of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor dinaciclib in patients with advanced malignancies.
Bannerji, R; Kantesaria, B; Mita, M; Poon, J; Shapiro, GI; Small, K; Statkevich, P; Tzontcheva, A; Zhang, D; Zhu, Y, 2012)		0.56
" This research primarily aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ondansetron at a 16mg/day dosage to treat alcohol-dependent outpatients."( A pilot study of full-dose ondansetron to treat heavy-drinking men withdrawing from alcohol in Brazil.
Baltieri, DA; Corrêa Filho, JM, 2013)		0.92
" Therefore it was concluded that the proposed developed HPTLC method can be applied for identification and quantitative determination of ondansetron in bulk drug and dosage forms."( Development of HPTLC method for the estimation of ondansetron hydrochloride in bulk drug and sublingual tablets.
Ali, J; Baboota, S; Kohli, K; Mujtaba, A, 2013)		0.85
" Thus, tmOLS could be administered to patients who have difficulty in swallowing; however, adjustments in dosing interval may be needed."( Design and evaluation of ondansetron liquid suppository for the treatment of emesis.
Ban, E; Kim, CK, 2013)		0.69
" Complications include frequent nausea and vomiting, anaphylactoid reactions and dosing errors."( Scottish and Newcastle antiemetic pre-treatment for paracetamol poisoning study (SNAP).
Bateman, DN; Coyle, J; Dear, JW; Eddleston, M; Gray, A; Lewis, S; Sandilands, EA; Thanacoody, HK; Thomas, SH; Webb, DJ, 2013)		0.39
" Although probiotics appear to be an effective option for the treatment of AGE amongst hospitalized children, outpatient data is lacking and more studies are urgently needed to determine the optimal organism, dosing and duration of treatment."( Treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children: an overview of systematic reviews of interventions commonly used in developed countries.
Ali, S; Freedman, SB; Gouin, S; Hartling, L; Oleszczuk, M, 2013)		0.39
" Subcutaneous dosing resulted in an extent of systemic exposure similar to that with intramuscular or intravenous dosing and greater than that with oral administration, and may be an option for clinical administration of ondansetron."( Tolerability and pharmacokinetic properties of ondansetron administered subcutaneously with recombinant human hyaluronidase in minipigs and healthy volunteers.
Bahn, JD; DeNoia, E; Dychter, SS; Fellows, D; Harrigan, R; Haughey, DB; Maneval, DC; Printz, MA; Sugarman, BJ, 2014)		0.84
" Statistical analysis of dose-response showed the maximum mean difference in QTcF, compared to placebo and corrected for baseline (ddQTcF), was less than 10 milliseconds (ms) after an 8 mg IV dose and approximately 20 ms after the 32 mg dose, each infused over 15 minutes."( Integration of modeling and simulation to support changes to ondansetron dosing following a randomized, double-blind, placebo-, and active-controlled thorough QT study.
Fang, L; Haberer, LJ; Hunt, TL; Ridgway, D; Russo, MW; Zuo, P, 2014)		0.64
" Each dosing period was followed by a 3- or 7-day washout period."( Bioequivalence of ondansetron oral soluble film 8 mg (ZUPLENZ) and ondansetron orally disintegrating tablets 8 mg (ZOFRAN) in healthy adults.
Dadey, E, )		0.47
" A dosing regimen for prevention of NAS was designed based on the model."( Ondansetron pharmacokinetics in pregnant women and neonates: towards a new treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome.
Carvalho, B; Clavijo, C; Drover, DR; Elkomy, MH; Galinkin, JL; Peltz, G; Sultan, P; Wu, M, 2015)		1.86
" Together with these new biomarkers of hepatotoxicity, a 12-hour acetylcysteine protocol offers clinicians and patients the possibility for better targeting of therapy, fewer adverse effects, a simpler dosing regimen, and shorter hospital stay."( Changing the Management of Paracetamol Poisoning.
Bateman, DN, 2015)		0.42
" There are numerous limitations in the current literature on ondansetron safety including exposure to the medication is not limited to sensitive windows of organogenesis, there is a lack of information on dosing and compliance, self-reports of exposure are commonly used, an inadequate accounting exists for other factors that may explain the relationship between ondansetron exposure and the adverse outcome, and there exists a lack of biologic plausibility by which ondansetron might cause harm."( Ondansetron Use in Pregnancy.
Bodnar, LM; Caritis, SN; Siminerio, LL; Venkataramanan, R, 2016)		2.12
"In the process of implementation and innovation of paediatric dosage forms, buccal films for transmucosal administration of drug represent one of the most interesting approach."( Design and evaluation of buccal films as paediatric dosage form for transmucosal delivery of ondansetron.
Abruzzo, A; Bigucci, F; Cerchiara, T; Gallucci, MC; Luppi, B; Saladini, B; Trastullo, R, 2016)		0.65
" Serial plasma samples were collected from the subject over one 8-hour dosing interval at 14, 24, and 35 weeks' gestation (representing early-, mid-, and late-pregnancy time points, respectively)."( Ondansetron Exposure Changes in a Pregnant Woman.
Caritis, SN; Haas, DM; Hankins, GD; Hebert, MF; Lemon, LS; Venkataramanan, R; Zhang, H, 2016)		1.88
" Aprepitant and ondansetron as dosed in this trial was not superior to standard ondansetron monotherapy."( Effectiveness of aprepitant in addition to ondansetron in the prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by fractionated radiotherapy to the upper abdomen (AVERT).
Ades, S; Ashikaga, T; Blackstock, W; Halyard, M; Heimann, R; Kumar, S; Wilson, K, 2017)		1.06
"A prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel controlled study was conducted in 0-18 years old cancer patients administered highly emetogenic chemotherapy, with different dosage of palonosetron or ondansetron, both followed by dexamethasone."( Palonosetron is nonsuperior to ondansetron in acute phase but provides superior antiemetic control in delayed phase for pediatric patients administered highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
Deng, X; Kong, XR; Li, CC; Liang, X; Peng, L; Tan, J; Wang, S; Yang, C; Zhang, J; Zhao, Z, 2018)		0.96
" Orodispersible films (ODF) have increasingly been evaluated as a suitable dosage form for extemporaneous oral preparations."( Application of miniaturized near-infrared spectroscopy for quality control of extemporaneous orodispersible films.
Chan, SY; Foo, WC; Gokhale, R; Khong, YM; Widjaja, E, 2018)		0.48
"The weight-based dosing of ondansetron to reduce hypotension has never been investigated."( Minimal effective weight-based dosing of ondansetron to reduce hypotension in cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled superiority trial.
Dilokrattanaphijit, N; Karnjanawanichkul, O; Kunapaisal, T; Leeratiwong, J; Oofuvong, M, 2018)		1.04
" The results revealed a highly significant relationship between dosage and activation in bilateral insula, somatosensory and premotor regions, cingulate cortex, and temporal cortex for control but not body-focused videos."( High-dose ondansetron reduces activation of interoceptive and sensorimotor brain regions.
Burdick, KE; Coffey, BJ; Fleysher, L; Goodman, WK; Grimaldi, SJ; Leibu, E; Murrough, JW; Parides, MK; Shahab, R; Stern, ER, 2019)		0.92
"Literature data pertaining to the physicochemical, pharmaceutical, and pharmacokinetic properties of ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate are reviewed to arrive at a decision on whether a marketing authorization of an immediate release (IR) solid oral dosage form can be approved based on a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS)-based biowaiver."( Biowaiver Monograph for Immediate-Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Ondansetron.
Abrahamsson, B; Belubbi, T; Cristofoletti, R; Dressman, J; Groot, DW; Langguth, P; Mehta, M; Nagarsenker, MS; Parr, A; Polli, JE; Rajawat, GS; Shah, VP; Tajiri, T, 2019)		0.97
"The ODS-loaded NLCs appear potential for prolongation of drug action and reduction in dosing frequency."( Preparation of Ondansetron Hydrochloride-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Using Solvent Injection Method for Enhancement of Pharmacokinetic Properties.
Chi, SC; Duong, VA; Maeng, HJ; Nguyen, TT, 2019)		0.87
" To reduce dosing frequency and side effects and improve patient compliance, a sustained release parenteral formulation of ODS was developed."( Preparation of an oil suspension containing ondansetron hydrochloride as a sustained release parenteral formulation.
Chi, SC; Duong, VA; Maeng, HJ; Nguyen, TT, 2020)		0.82
" Moreover, chitosan based film allowed to obtain the highest amount of permeated drug and could represent a novel child-appropriate dosage form able to combine the advantages of solid dosage form with the possibility to avoid the swallowing."( Ondansetron buccal administration for paediatric use: A comparison between films and wafers.
Abruzzo, A; Bigucci, F; Cerchiara, T; Dalena, F; Giordani, B; Luppi, B; Nicoletta, FP; Prata, C, 2020)		2
"The oral control drug delivery is the most acceptable delivery system for patient acceptance, industrial application and economical but still it has several challenges to design a dosage form."( Design and development of ondansetron hydrochloride pH independent control released matrix tablets.
Anilkumar, A; Krishna Murthy, TEG; Rani, AP, 2020)		0.86
" Moreover, repeat dosing may increase the frequency of diarrhea."( A pragmatic randomized controlled trial of multi-dose oral ondansetron for pediatric gastroenteritis (the DOSE-AGE study): statistical analysis plan.
Beer, D; Dixon, A; Freedman, SB; Gouin, S; Heath, A; Hopkin, G; Joubert, G; Klassen, TP; McCabe, C; Offringa, M; Pechlivanoglou, P; Plint, AC; Rios, JD; Williamson-Urquhart, S, 2020)		0.8
"Our results suggest that routine administration of ODS in a dosage of 8 mg does not effectively attenuate postspinal change in maternal blood pressure during CS in our setting."( 5-HT3 blockade does not attenuate postspinal blood pressure change in cesarean section: A case-control study.
Heik-Guth, C; Hilbert, T; Klaschik, S; Neumann, C; Strizek, B; Velten, M; Wittmann, M, 2020)		0.56
" Ondansetron is an effective antiemetic drug widely used to prevent CINV; however, the effective administrative dosing strategies among pediatrics remain unclear."( Single daily dosing versus divided dosing intravenous ondansetron to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among children: A comparative randomized double-blind controlled trial.
Lertvivatpong, N; Monsereenusorn, C; Photia, A; Rujkijyanont, P; Ruktrirong, J; Traivaree, C, 2021)		1.78
"In all, 194 children undergoing chemotherapy were randomized to receive either single daily dosing (0."( Single daily dosing versus divided dosing intravenous ondansetron to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among children: A comparative randomized double-blind controlled trial.
Lertvivatpong, N; Monsereenusorn, C; Photia, A; Rujkijyanont, P; Ruktrirong, J; Traivaree, C, 2021)		0.87
"No significant differences were found between the two dosing strategies concerning number of emesis episodes and parent's satisfaction."( Single daily dosing versus divided dosing intravenous ondansetron to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among children: A comparative randomized double-blind controlled trial.
Lertvivatpong, N; Monsereenusorn, C; Photia, A; Rujkijyanont, P; Ruktrirong, J; Traivaree, C, 2021)		0.87
"Ondansetron administered as divided dosing should be considered among children aged under 7 years to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and among patients receiving low emetogenic chemotherapy to maintain their appetite."( Single daily dosing versus divided dosing intravenous ondansetron to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among children: A comparative randomized double-blind controlled trial.
Lertvivatpong, N; Monsereenusorn, C; Photia, A; Rujkijyanont, P; Ruktrirong, J; Traivaree, C, 2021)		2.31
" Participants in the olanzapine group received olanzapine once daily on days 1 and 2, while those in the control group received a placebo in the same dosage and schedule."( Efficacy and Safety of Olanzapine in Children Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy: A Randomized, Double-blind Placebo-controlled Phase 3 Trial.
Gupta, AK; Meena, JP; Moothedath, AW; Pandey, RM; Seth, R; Velpandian, T, 2022)		0.72
"The scoping review identified 57 studies with most data available on their tolerability (68% local, 54% systemic), clinical effects (82%), details on dosage (96%) and routes of application (100%)."( Subcutaneous Drugs and Off-label Use in Hospice and Palliative Care: A Scoping Review.
Dürr, F; Jean-Petit-Matile, S; Kobleder, A; Meyer-Massetti, C; Wernli, U, 2022)		0.72
" PONV incidence, complete response, 80 mg aprepitant combined with dexamethasone and ondansetron, vomiting, nausea, and analgesic dose-response were the main outcomes measured."( The efficacy of aprepitant for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: A meta-analysis.
Chen, X; He, H; Hu, W; Liao, Y; Liu, W; Liu, Y; Pan, Z; Wang, X; Zheng, F; Zhong, H, 2023)		1.13
" No statistically significant difference between the dose-response of analgesics was identified (mean difference: -1."( The efficacy of aprepitant for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: A meta-analysis.
Chen, X; He, H; Hu, W; Liao, Y; Liu, W; Liu, Y; Pan, Z; Wang, X; Zheng, F; Zhong, H, 2023)		0.91
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
carbazoles
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (104)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
acetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Potency27.19440.002541.796015,848.9004AID1347395; AID1347398
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency24.80440.01237.983543.2770AID1645841
EWS/FLI fusion proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency16.16250.001310.157742.8575AID1259252; AID1259253; AID1259256
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency21.50680.001530.607315,848.9004AID1224848; AID1259401; AID1259403
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.20720.00108.379861.1304AID1645840
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.47310.001628.015177.1139AID1259385
Spike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusPotency39.81070.009610.525035.4813AID1479145
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.01050.00100.88359.9000AID5980; AID6344
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00010.507510.0000AID71989
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00020.656110.0000AID40505; AID72139
Solute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)1.29500.40003.10009.7000AID692192; AID721751
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)140.13330.21005.553710.0000AID386625; AID692194; AID721750
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00000.63154.45319.3000AID1473740
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00000.20005.677410.0000AID1473741
Solute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)17.40000.09003.72779.5000AID721749
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.01050.00100.87119.9000AID5980; AID6344
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)134.00000.11007.190310.0000AID1443980; AID1473738
Integrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)Ki10.00000.00100.98459.1400AID221935
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00010.579710.0000AID104027
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00011.48339.1400AID225226
Integrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.00000.00202.33529.1400AID221935
Cytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)11.00000.00011.753610.0000AID526453
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.00000.00010.532610.0000AID1889690
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki8.33330.00020.667710.0000AID4767; AID5304; AID6424
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki46.00000.00000.12345.5000AID146640
Beta-2 adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00050.35461.6000AID218722
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00010.58908.2600AID225225
D(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.00000.00000.651810.0000AID1889688
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00010.601710.0000AID5304; AID6424
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00010.507510.0000AID71989
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00020.656110.0000AID40505; AID72139
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00010.949010.0000AID218722
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)66.00000.00110.539010.0000AID146308
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)Ki46.00000.00000.11173.5400AID146640
Beta-1 adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00000.667310.0000AID218722
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00010.507510.0000AID71989
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00020.656110.0000AID40505; AID72139
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00010.505710.0000AID71989
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00020.561410.0000AID40505; AID72139
DRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00010.610010.0000AID218722; AID61649
D(3) dopamine receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00010.25675.8000AID218722; AID65752
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00010.739610.0000AID4352; AID6424
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00010.497310.0000AID71989
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00020.635210.0000AID40505; AID72139
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00010.507510.0000AID71989
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00020.621710.0000AID40505; AID72139
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00080.57965.4000AID47563; AID47564
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00000.937510.0000AID219805
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00010.498810.0000AID71989
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00020.675810.0000AID40505; AID72139
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00010.504610.0000AID71989
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00020.646910.0000AID40505; AID72139
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00000.575110.0000AID218722
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AMus musculus (house mouse)Ki0.01200.00130.23781.4300AID6008
D(1B) dopamine receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00020.24622.0000AID218722
Beta-3 adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00050.33671.6000AID218722
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1DRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00080.74105.4000AID47563; AID47564
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.00000.00000.385510.0000AID1889689
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00010.507510.0000AID71989
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00020.656110.0000AID40505; AID72139
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00010.507510.0000AID71989
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00020.656110.0000AID40505; AID72139
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki6.85000.00031.29679.2440AID4703; AID6424
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki15.00000.00101.67479.2000AID4876; AID6424
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00010.507510.0000AID71989
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00020.671210.0000AID40505; AID72139
Cholecystokinin receptor type ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00010.27892.8900AID50508
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.68000.00060.11960.6800AID51469
D(4) dopamine receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00020.18872.0000AID218722
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)27.00000.00181.67796.5000AID146148
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1FRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00101.67479.2000AID6424
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00020.590910.0000AID5304; AID6424
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00020.42542.1000AID6424
Histamine H1 receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00071.54406.5000AID87533
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)27.00000.00181.31326.5000AID146148
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00000.14803.1800AID6424
Delta-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00000.60689.2330AID220521
Mu-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki2.90000.00000.38458.6000AID224719
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)Ki1.00000.00030.380610.0000AID1889691
Kappa-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00000.18683.9500AID223592
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.30101.30032.1000AID6424
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.30101.30032.1000AID228446; AID6424
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.01360.00021.13514.6000AID6063; AID6077; AID6080; AID712498
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.72010.00020.484110.0000AID5886; AID5890; AID5896; AID5899; AID5908; AID5911; AID6041; AID6136; AID6284; AID6297; AID6298; AID6424
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.71700.00011.18738.9125AID625217
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.45600.00030.769310.0000AID625217
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00000.965010.0000AID218722
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)66.00000.00110.491110.0000AID146308
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)Ki46.00000.00000.11573.5400AID146640
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.00010.00011.07899.0000AID712501
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.01000.00000.74119.9000AID526452; AID5980; AID6344; AID6364; AID6369; AID712522
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7Mus musculus (house mouse)Ki3.00000.00120.12230.4800AID146789
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)IC50 (µMol)20.40002.03005.53139.9000AID386625
D(2) dopamine receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki6.25610.00000.437510.0000AID218722; AID6364; AID6424; AID65903
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00010.506510.0000AID71989
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00020.557710.0000AID40505; AID72139
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00010.505710.0000AID71989
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00020.640310.0000AID40505; AID72139
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00010.507510.0000AID71989
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00020.570810.0000AID40505; AID72139
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00030.81966.6900AID143098
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.02000.03120.0423AID210172
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1SRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00080.66735.4000AID47563; AID47564
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)25.00000.00301.69437.0795AID146925
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.73030.00091.901410.0000AID161281; AID243151; AID408340; AID526455; AID576612
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki5.60000.00161.02535.0119AID3202; AID6424
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.01050.00100.88359.9000AID5980; AID6344
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)2.45330.16003.95718.6000AID692196; AID721748; AID721752
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.01050.00100.88359.9000AID5980; AID6344
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00010.507510.0000AID71989
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00020.656110.0000AID40505; AID72139
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00002.41006.343310.0000AID1473739
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.08750.01002.765610.0000AID692195; AID721746; AID721747; AID721754
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00010.507510.0000AID71989
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00020.656110.0000AID40505; AID72139
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BMus musculus (house mouse)Ki0.01200.00130.26351.4300AID6008
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.01810.00041.17424.6000AID6063; AID6077; AID6080
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.72010.00020.502310.0000AID5886; AID5890; AID5896; AID5899; AID5908; AID5911; AID6041; AID6136; AID6284; AID6297; AID6298; AID6424
Histamine H3 receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki10.00000.00010.29638.5110AID89720
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.68000.00030.26715.0700AID229206
NischarinHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.00000.00420.21923.8019AID91719
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.00020.00000.02840.1060AID6026; AID6027
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3ACavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Kd0.07760.05013.28198.0000AID1784759
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.00020.00000.01370.1060AID6026; AID6027
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd0.00200.00082.62148.5114AID7229
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.00020.00000.00980.1060AID6026; AID6027
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.00020.00000.02840.1060AID6026; AID6027
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.00020.00000.02840.1060AID6026; AID6027
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd0.00200.00082.62148.5114AID7229
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)Kb0.01940.00930.01390.0194AID5963
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)Kb0.01940.00930.01390.0194AID5963
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)Kb0.01940.00930.01390.0194AID5963
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)Kb10.00000.00030.00430.0300AID1784760
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)Kb0.01940.00930.01390.0194AID5963
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)Kb0.01940.00930.01390.0194AID5963
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (399)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
inorganic cation transmembrane transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic processSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
body fluid secretionSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
quaternary ammonium group transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
amine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
putrescine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
spermidine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
choline transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
epinephrine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
histamine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin uptakeSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
histamine uptakeSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine uptakeSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
thiamine transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
purine-containing compound transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid import across plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptakeSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
L-arginine import across plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
L-alpha-amino acid transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
spermidine transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
L-arginine transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular detoxificationSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrierSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradientSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
quaternary ammonium group transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
putrescine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
spermidine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
thiamine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
epinephrine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin uptakeSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine uptakeSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
thiamine transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
metanephric proximal tubule developmentSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
purine-containing compound transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptakeSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
(R)-carnitine transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
acyl carnitine transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
spermidine transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
cellular detoxificationSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrierSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin secretionMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cilium assemblyMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet degranulationMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
histamine metabolic processSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transportSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
quaternary ammonium group transportSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transportSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transportSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin transportSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transportSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
quaternary ammonium group transportSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transportSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
monocarboxylic acid transportSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
spermidine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of appetiteSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
epinephrine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
histamine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin uptakeSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
histamine uptakeSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine uptakeSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
epinephrine uptakeSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
purine-containing compound transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptakeSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
spermidine transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular detoxificationSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
inorganic cation transmembrane transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid biosynthetic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stressBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compoundBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitinationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathwayBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to estrogenBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bile acid secretionBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activityIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell-substrate junction assemblyIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell-matrix adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
integrin-mediated signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
embryo implantationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
blood coagulationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid storageIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
response to activityIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle cell migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
platelet activationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell-substrate adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
activation of protein kinase activityIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid transportIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein localizationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of actin cytoskeleton organizationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion mediated by integrinIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrinIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of osteoblast proliferationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
heterotypic cell-cell adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreadingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
tube developmentIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
wound healing, spreading of epidermal cellsIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulusIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
wound healingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic cell clearanceIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bone resorptionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesisIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bone resorptionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cellIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
mesodermal cell differentiationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipoprotein metabolic processIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
negative chemotaxisIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosolIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of serotonin uptakeIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis involved in wound healingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
platelet aggregationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to mechanical stimulusIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
blood coagulation, fibrin clot formationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
maintenance of postsynaptic specialization structureIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalizationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trappingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreadingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathwayIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of trophoblast cell migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of extracellular matrix organizationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulusIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic processIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell migrationIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of leukocyte migrationIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
cell-matrix adhesionIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
integrin-mediated signaling pathwayIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
angiogenesisIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell adhesionIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion mediated by integrinIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
lipid hydroxylationCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
lipid metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
steroid catabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
androgen metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
alkaloid catabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
monoterpenoid metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
calcitriol biosynthetic process from calciolCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D catabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
aflatoxin metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative demethylationCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral fear response5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of serotonin secretion5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstriction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
exploration behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine metabolic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin metabolic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of hormone secretion5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
temperature homeostasisD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxiaD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein phosphorylationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to amphetamineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nervous system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressureD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rateD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of sodium ion transportD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor internalizationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuroblast proliferationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor internalizationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
autophagyD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuron-neuron synaptic transmissionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
axonogenesisD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synapse assemblyD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of smellD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
long-term memoryD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
grooming behaviorD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
locomotory behaviorD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adult walking behaviorD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein localizationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
associative learningD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
visual learningD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to light stimulusD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substanceD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to iron ionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to inactivityD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
Wnt signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
striatum developmentD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
orbitofrontal cortex developmentD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migrationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenohypophysis developmentD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migrationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
peristalsisD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
auditory behaviorD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergicD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokinesisD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expressionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of dopamine secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to histamineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to nicotineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of urine volumeD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of renal sodium excretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of multicellular organism growthD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to cocaineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleepD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine metabolic processD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
drinking behaviorD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of potassium ion transportD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to morphineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
pigmentationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood pressureD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of innate immune responseD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IID(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
acid secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to cocaineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to ethanolD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticityD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to axon injuryD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
branching morphogenesis of a nerveD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell proliferationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosolD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of synapse structural plasticityD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergicD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of growth hormone secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
prepulse inhibitionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behaviorD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmissionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmissionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cellular response to hypoxiaD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor productionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
hyaloid vascular plexus regressionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron migrationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activityD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activityD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascadeD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxiaNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transportNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transportNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle contractionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
signal transductionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, cholinergicNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
visual perceptionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of soundNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
learningNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
memoryNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
locomotory behaviorNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
associative learningNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
visual learningNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of painNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
vestibulocochlear nerve developmentNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
optic nerve morphogenesisNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
lateral geniculate nucleus developmentNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
central nervous system projection neuron axonogenesisNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of B cell proliferationNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergicNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dopamine secretionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transportNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
response to nicotineNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to nicotineNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
social behaviorNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine metabolic processNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
B cell activationNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
response to cocaineNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleepNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of action potentialNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendrite morphogenesisNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system processNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
cognitionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarizationNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synapse assemblyNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission involved in micturitionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
response to acetylcholineNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
temperature homeostasis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
glycolytic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
memory5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretion5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
artery smooth muscle contraction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heat generation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein localization to cytoskeleton5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fat cell differentiation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glycolytic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
sensitization5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to cocaine5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory response5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of platelet aggregation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transportNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle contractionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of smooth muscle contractionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
signal transductionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, cholinergicNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
locomotory behaviorNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal action potentialNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transportNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to nicotineNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neurotransmitter secretionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulseNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission involved in micturitionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarizationNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transportNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of smooth muscle contractionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
signal transductionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activityNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, cholinergicNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system developmentNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
locomotory behaviorNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmissionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transportNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to nicotineNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potentialNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendrite morphogenesisNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission involved in micturitionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
response to acetylcholineNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
response to nicotineNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarizationNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle contraction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
circadian rhythm5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
blood circulation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
vasoconstriction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
neural crest cell migration5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor internalization5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
heart morphogenesis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle hypertrophy5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
neural crest cell differentiation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
intestine smooth muscle contraction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
phosphorylation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cGMP-mediated signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
vasoconstriction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
embryonic morphogenesis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell division5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to temperature stimulus5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
action potentialNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxiaNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
DNA repairNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transportNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transportNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stressNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
signal transductionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, cholinergicNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of painNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transportNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
response to nicotineNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to nicotineNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
B cell activationNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potentialNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system processNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
cognitionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarizationNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory postsynaptic potentialNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
inorganic cation transmembrane transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
cerebral cortex cell migration5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of TOR signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by hormonePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion homeostasisPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle contractionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion export across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
inorganic cation transmembrane transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
organic cation transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
inorganic cation transmembrane transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic processCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrierCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
putrescine transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
thiamine transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid import across plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-arginine import across plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-alpha-amino acid transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-arginine transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic processNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
Rac protein signal transductionNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeleton organizationNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migrationNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
outer dynein arm assemblyNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (125)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
serotonin-gated monoatomic cation channel activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
amine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
pyrimidine nucleoside transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
choline transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
thiamine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
putrescine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
spermidine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
quaternary ammonium group transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
toxin transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
L-arginine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine:sodium symporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine:sodium symporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
secondary active organic cation transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
pyrimidine nucleoside transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
thiamine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
putrescine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
spermidine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
quaternary ammonium group transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
toxin transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
(R)-carnitine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
spermidine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
quaternary ammonium group transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
toxin transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin-gated monoatomic cation channel activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
fibroblast growth factor bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
C-X3-C chemokine bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
insulin-like growth factor I bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
neuregulin bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activityIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
fibronectin bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protease bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein disulfide isomerase activityIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
platelet-derived growth factor receptor bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
integrin bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
coreceptor activityIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion molecule bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
fibrinogen bindingIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix bindingIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
molecular adaptor activityIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
fibrinogen bindingIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
integrin bindingIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
steroid bindingCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion bindingCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
oxygen bindingCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
heme bindingCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
caffeine oxidase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
quinine 3-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
testosterone 6-beta-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 23-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 8,9 epoxidase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 11,12 epoxidase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 14,15 epoxidase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen 16-alpha-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen 2-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
receptor-receptor interaction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/GoD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G-protein alpha-subunit bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
heterotrimeric G-protein bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
heterocyclic compound bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activityD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activityNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor activityNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activityNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine bindingNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex bindingNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
quaternary ammonium group bindingNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
heterocyclic compound bindingNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase activator activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activityNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor activityNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activityNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activityNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor activityNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activityNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine bindingNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G-protein alpha-subunit binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
GTPase activator activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activityNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor activityNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activityNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine bindingNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin-gated monoatomic cation channel activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
histamine receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
inward rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
delayed rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
C3HC4-type RING finger domain bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin-gated monoatomic cation channel activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
organic cation transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
antiporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
polyspecific organic cation:proton antiporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin-gated monoatomic cation channel activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
thiamine transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
antiporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
putrescine transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-arginine transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
polyspecific organic cation:proton antiporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
integrin bindingNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol bindingNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
dynein heavy chain bindingNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
alpha-tubulin bindingNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (96)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin-activated cation-selective channel complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
presynapseSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
lateral plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
presynapseSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet dense granule membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear outer membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
endomembrane systemSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodySolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
presynapseSolute carrier family 22 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin-activated cation-selective channel complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell junctionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
lamellipodium membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
filopodium membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
microvillus membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
ruffle membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alphav-beta3 complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
melanosomeIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
synapseIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
integrin alphaIIb-beta3 complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
glycinergic synapseIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
integrin complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-PKCalpha complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-IGF-1-IGF1R complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-HMGB1 complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-vitronectin complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM8 complexIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
synapseIntegrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule membraneIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
integrin alphaIIb-beta3 complexIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
blood microparticleIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
integrin complexIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneIntegrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
acrosomal vesicleD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
ciliumD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
lateral plasma membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
endocytic vesicleD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
axonD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
sperm flagellumD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dendritic spineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
perikaryonD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
axon terminusD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
ciliary membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
non-motile ciliumD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopaminergic synapseD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapseD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor complexD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane raftNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
cholinergic synapseNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine-gated channel complexNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projectionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
synapseNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
neurofilament5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
caveola5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
axon5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
dendritic shaft5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
cell body fiber5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
specific granule membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
tertiary granule membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
cholinergic synapseNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine-gated channel complexNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projectionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
synapseNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic densityNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speckNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
dendriteNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane raftNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine-gated channel complexNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projectionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
synapseNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi network membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
dendriteNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine-gated channel complexNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
synapseNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projectionNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
cleavage furrow5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin-activated cation-selective channel complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
cilium5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)
virion membraneSpike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfacePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel complexPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
inward rectifier potassium channel complexPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin-activated cation-selective channel complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin-activated cation-selective channel complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
early endosomeNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
microtubule cytoskeletonNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
membraneNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
intercellular bridgeNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosomeNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmNischarinHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (372)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347159Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347160Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347407qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347424RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID526453Inhibition of human CYP3A42010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22
Discovery of 2-substituted benzoxazole carboxamides as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID145994In vitro Binding affinity towards alpha-3 (PC12) nAChR; not done2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 11, Issue:3
The 5-HT3 antagonist tropisetron (ICS 205-930) is a potent and selective alpha7 nicotinic receptor partial agonist.
AID3202The binding affinity was measured on 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor using [3H]- GR-113808 as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID588214FDA HLAED, liver enzyme composite activity2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID60995-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonistic activity was measured by the inhibition of 5H+ T-induced bradycardia after po administration of 1000 ug/kg dose in urethane-anesthetized rats1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 35, Issue:2
Zatosetron, a potent, selective, and long-acting 5HT3 receptor antagonist: synthesis and structure-activity relationships.
AID91719The binding affinity was measured on imidazoline I2 receptor using [3H]- indazoxan as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID61940Mean percentage increase emetic latency in dog after an intravenous administration of 1 mg/kg of drug (when dogs did not vomit, 360 min)1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 36, Issue:5
5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 2. 4-Hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid derivatives.
AID540209Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID444053Renal clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1473740Inhibition of human MRP3 overexpressed in Sf9 insect cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 10 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID47563Inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine binding to L-type calcium channel dihydropyridine site of rat brain1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID152095The binding affinity was measured on substance P as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID72710Compound was evaluated for number of emetic episodes in ferrets administered intravenously at 1.0 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID5911Binding affinity for 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor from rat cortex using [3H]BRL-43694 as radioligand1995Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-07, Volume: 38, Issue:14
Novel, potent, and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists based on the arylpiperazine skeleton: synthesis, structure, biological activity, and comparative molecular field analysis studies.
AID588218FDA HLAED, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID568196Antagonist activity at 5-HT3 receptor in guinea pig ileum muscle2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 21, Issue:4
Discovery of new anti-depressants from structurally novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonists: design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 3-ethoxyquinoxalin-2-carboxamides.
AID1079931Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID568202Antipsychotic activity in Swiss Albino mouse assessed as spontaneous locomotor score at 2 mg/kg, ip measured for 10 mins by actophotometer2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 21, Issue:4
Discovery of new anti-depressants from structurally novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonists: design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 3-ethoxyquinoxalin-2-carboxamides.
AID625286Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID79380The compound was evaluated for the pA2 value that was estimated using 2-methyl-5-HT in five to seven different tissues in guinea pig ileum1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-29, Volume: 37, Issue:9
Synthesis of 2-piperazinylbenzothiazole and 2-piperazinylbenzoxazole derivatives with 5-HT3 antagonist and 5-HT4 agonist properties.
AID183121Inhibitory dose causing inhibition of restraint stress induced defecation by oral administration1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-29, Volume: 36, Issue:22
5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 3. Quinoline derivatives which may be effective in the therapy of irritable bowel syndrome.
AID692195Inhibition of human MATE1 expressed in HEK-293-Flp-In cells incubated for 3 mins by ASP+ substrate uptake assay2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID712501Antagonist activity at human 5HT3A receptor expressed in xenopus oocytes assessed as inhibition of 5HT-induced effect by electrophysiological method2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-12, Volume: 54, Issue:9
Discovery of 1-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenylsulfanyl)phenyl]piperazine (Lu AA21004): a novel multimodal compound for the treatment of major depressive disorder.
AID386625Inhibition of 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium uptake at human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells by confocal microscopy2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 51, Issue:19
Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1.
AID72053Antiemetic potency against cisplatin-induced emetic latency period in ferret after intravenous administration1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 35, Issue:5
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 2. Two novel tricyclic benzamides.
AID692193Inhibition of human OCT2 A270S mutant expressed in HEK-293-Flp-In cells incubated for 3 mins by ASP+ substrate uptake assay2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID192537Percent inhibition of serotonin-induced B-J reflex (Bezold-Jarisch reflex)in the right femoral vein of rat at a dose of 20 ug/kg1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Aromatic thiazole derivatives: structurally novel and selective serotonin-3 receptor antagonists.
AID60119Inhibition of emesis induced by intravenous administration of cisplatin in 6 dogs at 0.1 mg/kg (p<0.01)1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-03, Volume: 36, Issue:18
2-(Quinuclidin-3-yl)pyrido[4,3-b]indol-1-ones and isoquinolin-1-ones. Potent conformationally restricted 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID72058Antiemetic activity (oral administration) against cisplatin-induced emesis in ferret, as the dose required to reduce emetic episodes to 50% of control value1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 35, Issue:5
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 1. Initial structure-activity relationship of novel benzamides.
AID5908The binding affinity was measured on 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor using [3H]GR-65630 as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID1079937Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID692188Therapeutic index, ratio of Cmax in human to IC50 for human OCT22011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID588217FDA HLAED, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID526456Bioavailability in rat at 10 mg/kg, po or 1 mg/kg, iv2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22
Discovery of 2-substituted benzoxazole carboxamides as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID72843Compound was evaluated for protection against cisplatin-induced emesis by measuring number of retches in ferrets administered perorally at 1.0 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID60124Inhibition of emesis induced by peroral administration of cisplatin in 6 dogs at 0.01 mg/kg1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-03, Volume: 36, Issue:18
2-(Quinuclidin-3-yl)pyrido[4,3-b]indol-1-ones and isoquinolin-1-ones. Potent conformationally restricted 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID183120Inhibitory dose causing inhibition of increase in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) induced defecation by sc administration at 1 mg/kg1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-29, Volume: 36, Issue:22
5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 3. Quinoline derivatives which may be effective in the therapy of irritable bowel syndrome.
AID588219FDA HLAED, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1079934Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID1079940Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID243151Inhibitory concentration against potassium channel HERG2005Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-02, Volume: 15, Issue:11
A discriminant model constructed by the support vector machine method for HERG potassium channel inhibitors.
AID1079941Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID5902Displacement of [3H]GR-65630 binding to 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor in rat brain cortical membranes1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID712520Inhibition of SERT-mediated [3H]5HT uptake in rat synaptosomes by scintillation counting2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-12, Volume: 54, Issue:9
Discovery of 1-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenylsulfanyl)phenyl]piperazine (Lu AA21004): a novel multimodal compound for the treatment of major depressive disorder.
AID40505Displacement of [3H]- Diazepam from rat GABA-A benzodiazepine receptor1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID219805The binding affinity was measured on alpha-2-adrenergic receptor using [3H]- clonidine as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID692184Therapeutic index, ratio of Cmax in human to IC50 for human MATE2-K2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID6284Binding affinity to 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor using [3H]GR-65630 as radioligand in rat cortex1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6
Conformation-activity relationship study of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and a definition of a model for this receptor site.
AID65903The binding affinity was measured on dopamine receptor D2 using [3H]- spiperone as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID221936The binding affinity was measured on glycine strych. ins receptor using [3H]- 5,7-diClkyn.acid as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID526462Cardioprotective effect in po dosed mouse assessed as inhibition of 5-HT-induced bradycardia administered 1 hr prior to 5-HT challenge2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22
Discovery of 2-substituted benzoxazole carboxamides as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID721746Inhibition of human MATE1-mediated [14]-metformin uptake expressed in polarized MDCK2 cells after 5 mins by liquid scintillation counting analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Discovery of potent, selective multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1 (MATE1, SLC47A1) inhibitors through prescription drug profiling and computational modeling.
AID1784822Antipsychotic activity in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as inhibition of PCP-induced hyperactivity at 0.5 mg/kg, po measured after 2 hrs
AID146148Antagonism of ACh-evoked responses at human Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha3-beta4 expressed in xenopus oocytes2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-19, Volume: 14, Issue:8
Activity of alpha7-selective agonists at nicotinic and serotonin 5HT3 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
AID625292Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID146008Antagonism of ACh response at Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha-3-beta-2-alpha-5 receptor expressed in xenopus oocytes up to 1 mM2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-19, Volume: 14, Issue:8
Activity of alpha7-selective agonists at nicotinic and serotonin 5HT3 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
AID692189Therapeutic index, ratio of Cmax in human to IC50 for human OCT2 A270S mutant2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID224719The binding affinity was measured on mu-opiate receptor using [3H]- naloxone as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID5968In vitro binding affinity was measured for 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor in the guinea pig ileum.1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 35, Issue:2
Zatosetron, a potent, selective, and long-acting 5HT3 receptor antagonist: synthesis and structure-activity relationships.
AID4876The binding affinity was measured on 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D receptor using [3H]- serotonin as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID229206The binding affinity was measured on sigma receptor using [3H]- (+)-3-PPP as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID72832Compound was evaluated for number of emetic episodes in ferrets administered intravenously at 0.1 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID625279Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID61938Mean percentage increase emetic latency in dog after an intravenous administration of 0.1 mg/kg of drug1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 36, Issue:5
5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 2. 4-Hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid derivatives.
AID1443980Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in fall armyworm sf9 cell plasma membrane vesicles assessed as reduction in vesicle-associated [3H]-taurocholate transport preincubated for 10 mins prior to ATP addition measured after 15 mins in presence of [3H]-tauroch2010Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Dec, Volume: 118, Issue:2
Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development.
AID79521Single-point analysis using 5(10e-9) M concentration of the antagonist (pA2= -log([B]/concentration ratio-1); [B] =concentration of the antagonist).1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 42, Issue:24
Benzimidazole derivatives. 2. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of new azabicyclic benzimidazole-4-carboxylic acid derivatives with affinity for serotoninergic 5-HT(3) receptors.
AID50508The binding affinity was measured on cholecystokinin type A receptor using [3H]- CCK-8 as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID5976Concentration required to produce 50% of maximal contraction induced by 5-HT through 5-HT3 receptors in the presence of the compound, in isolated guinea pig ileum.1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 42, Issue:24
Benzimidazole derivatives. 2. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of new azabicyclic benzimidazole-4-carboxylic acid derivatives with affinity for serotoninergic 5-HT(3) receptors.
AID61325Binding affinity against dopamine D2 receptor in rat brain synaptic membrane using [3H]-spiperone as radioligand1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-17, Volume: 8, Issue:6
A novel series of N-(hexahydro-1,4-diazepin-6-yl) and N-(hexahydroazepin- 3-yl)benzamides with high affinity for 5-HT3 and dopamine D2 receptors.
AID5891Compound was evaluated for its binding affinity for 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor by measuring displacement [3H]GR-65630 in rat cerebral cortex1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-29, Volume: 41, Issue:3
5-HT3 antagonists derived from aminopyridazine-type muscarinic M1 agonists.
AID679120TP_TRANSPORTER: transepithelial transport (basal to apical) in mdr1a-expressing LLC-PK1 cell1996The Journal of clinical investigation, Jun-01, Volume: 97, Issue:11
P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain barrier of mice influences the brain penetration and pharmacological activity of many drugs.
AID183599Tested in vivo for antagonistic activity to bradycardic effect of 5-HT in anesthetized rats1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-17, Volume: 36, Issue:19
Novel antagonists of 5-HT3 receptors. Synthesis and biological evaluation of piperazinylquinoxaline derivatives.
AID143098The binding affinity was measured on NMDA receptor using [3H]- CGS-19755 as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID5932Compound was tested for the inhibition of 5-HT-induced bradycardia after peroral administration of 1 mg/kg at 1 hour in urethane-anesthetized rats1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 35, Issue:2
Zatosetron, a potent, selective, and long-acting 5HT3 receptor antagonist: synthesis and structure-activity relationships.
AID692196Inhibition of human MATE2-K expressed in HEK-293-Flp-In cells incubated for 3 mins by ASP+ substrate uptake assay2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID183118Inhibitory dose causing inhibition of increase in 5-HT induced defecation by sc administration at 1 to 10 mg/kg1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-29, Volume: 36, Issue:22
5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 3. Quinoline derivatives which may be effective in the therapy of irritable bowel syndrome.
AID1079947Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID1784762Antagonist activity at human 5-HT6 receptor expressed in 1321N1 cells assessed as inhibition of 5-CT induced cAMP production incubated for 30 mins relative to control
AID552110Partial agonist activity at human 5HT3A receptor expressed in HEK293 cells at 3 uM relative to 5HT2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 21, Issue:1
Novel serotonin type 3 receptor partial agonists for the potential treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
AID540210Clearance in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID60121Inhibition of emesis induced by intravenous administration of cisplatin in 6 dogs at 1 mg/kg (p<0.01)1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-03, Volume: 36, Issue:18
2-(Quinuclidin-3-yl)pyrido[4,3-b]indol-1-ones and isoquinolin-1-ones. Potent conformationally restricted 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID588215FDA HLAED, alkaline phosphatase increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID5304The binding affinity was measured on 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 receptor using [3H]- spiperone as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID625287Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625284Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID526728Antidepressant-like activity in mouse assessed as immobility time at 2 mg/kg, ip by forced swimming test2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22
Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of novel quinoxalin-2-carboxamides as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for the management of depression.
AID72139Displacement of [3H]DH-muscimol from rat GABA-A receptor1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID128846Acute lethal toxicity in mouse at 8.4 mg/kg when administered intravenously; value = 5/101992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID51469The binding affinity was measured on cholecystokinin type B receptor using [3H]- CCK-8 as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID71989Non-competitive antagonist activity against Gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA-A) receptor2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-20, Volume: 43, Issue:8
GABA-Activated ligand gated ion channels: medicinal chemistry and molecular biology.
AID72833Compound was evaluated for number of emetic episodes in ferrets administered intravenously at 0.3 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID62973Mean percentage reduction due to cisplatin-induced emetic episodes in dog after an intravenous administration of 1 mg/kg of drug1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 36, Issue:5
5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 2. 4-Hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid derivatives.
AID721749Inhibition of human OCT3-mediated ASP+ uptake expressed in HEK293 cells after 3 mins by fluorescence assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Discovery of potent, selective multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1 (MATE1, SLC47A1) inhibitors through prescription drug profiling and computational modeling.
AID5929Compound was tested for the inhibition of 5-HT-induced bradycardia after peroral administration of 1 mg/kg at 3 hours in urethane-anesthetized rats1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 35, Issue:2
Zatosetron, a potent, selective, and long-acting 5HT3 receptor antagonist: synthesis and structure-activity relationships.
AID29359Ionization constant (pKa)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID444050Fraction unbound in human plasma2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID62855Mean percentage reduction due to cisplatin-induced emetic episodes in dog after an intravenous administration of 0.3 mg/kg of drug1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 36, Issue:5
5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 2. 4-Hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid derivatives.
AID146925Inhibition of the response to ACh when coapplied with Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha72004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-19, Volume: 14, Issue:8
Activity of alpha7-selective agonists at nicotinic and serotonin 5HT3 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
AID721752Inhibition of human MATE2K-mediated ASP+ uptake expressed in HEK293 cells after 1.5 mins by fluorescence assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Discovery of potent, selective multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1 (MATE1, SLC47A1) inhibitors through prescription drug profiling and computational modeling.
AID625290Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID60120Inhibition of emesis induced by intravenous administration of cisplatin in 6 dogs at 0.3 mg/kg (p<0.01)1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-03, Volume: 36, Issue:18
2-(Quinuclidin-3-yl)pyrido[4,3-b]indol-1-ones and isoquinolin-1-ones. Potent conformationally restricted 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID721743Ratio of Cmax unbound to IC50 for human MATE1-mediated [14]-metformin uptake expressed in HEK293 cells2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Discovery of potent, selective multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1 (MATE1, SLC47A1) inhibitors through prescription drug profiling and computational modeling.
AID588216FDA HLAED, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID62534Compound was evaluated for protection against cisplatin-induced emesis by measuring number of retches in dogs administered intravenously at 0.03 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID1129361Unbound fraction in HEK293 cell homogenate at 0.1 uM by equilibrium dialysis based UPLC-MS/MS analysis2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 57, Issue:7
A high-throughput cell-based method to predict the unbound drug fraction in the brain.
AID62426Compound was evaluated for protection against cisplatin-induced emesis by measuring number of retches in dogs administered perorally at 0.3 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID89720The binding affinity was measured on histamine H3 receptor using [3H]- N-Me-histam as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID78016Blockade of isolated longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus contraction from guinea-pig ileum2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-06, Volume: 13, Issue:19
Design and synthesis of new benzimidazole-arylpiperazine derivatives acting as mixed 5-HT1A/5-HT3 ligands.
AID526730Toxicity in mouse assessed as induction of spontaneous locomotor activity at 0.5 mg/kg, ip after 10 mins by actophotometry2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22
Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of novel quinoxalin-2-carboxamides as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for the management of depression.
AID5886Displacement of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor ligand [3H]GR-65630 from rat brain cortical membranes.1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 35, Issue:5
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 1. Initial structure-activity relationship of novel benzamides.
AID568197Antidepressant activity in mouse assessed as immobility time at 1 mg/kg, ip by forced swimming test2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 21, Issue:4
Discovery of new anti-depressants from structurally novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonists: design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 3-ethoxyquinoxalin-2-carboxamides.
AID625281Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID576612Inhibition of human ERG2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 46, Issue:2
Predicting hERG activities of compounds from their 3D structures: development and evaluation of a global descriptors based QSAR model.
AID6298pKi value for inhibition of [3H]LY-278584 binding to 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 33, Issue:12
Synthesis and biochemical evaluation of tritium-labeled 1-methyl-N-(8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxa mide, a useful radioligand for 5HT3 receptors.
AID72708Compound was evaluated for number of emetic episodes in ferrets administered intravenously at 0.1 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID1079939Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID1079946Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID72839Compound was evaluated for protection against cisplatin-induced emesis by measuring number of retches in ferrets administered perorally at 0.1 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID72059Antiemetic potency against cisplatin-induced emetic episodes in ferret after intravenous administration1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 35, Issue:5
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 2. Two novel tricyclic benzamides.
AID146146Responses to that evoked by Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha3-beta4 expressed in xenopus oocytes up to 1 mM2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-19, Volume: 14, Issue:8
Activity of alpha7-selective agonists at nicotinic and serotonin 5HT3 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
AID539464Solubility of the compound in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at 600 uM at pH 7.4 after 24 hrs by LC/MS/MS analysis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24
Experimental solubility profiling of marketed CNS drugs, exploring solubility limit of CNS discovery candidate.
AID228446The binding affinity was measured on tryptamine receptor using [3H]- tryptamine as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID6136Binding affinity against radioligand [3H]quipazine labeled 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor sites in neuroblastoma-glioma (NG108-15) cells.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 36, Issue:5
5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 2. 4-Hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid derivatives.
AID6424The binding affinity was measured on 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor uptake receptor using [3H]- paroxetine as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID60115Inhibition of emesis induced by intravenous administration of cisplatin in 6 dogs at 0.01 mg/kg1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-03, Volume: 36, Issue:18
2-(Quinuclidin-3-yl)pyrido[4,3-b]indol-1-ones and isoquinolin-1-ones. Potent conformationally restricted 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID373867Hepatic clearance in human hepatocytes in absence of fetal calf serum2009European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 44, Issue:4
First-principle, structure-based prediction of hepatic metabolic clearance values in human.
AID5963Antagonistic potency against serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor in GPI assay1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-10, Volume: 40, Issue:21
Phenylimidazolidin-2-one derivatives as selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and refinement of the pharmacophore model for 5-HT3 receptor binding.
AID526731Toxicity in mouse assessed as induction of spontaneous locomotor activity at 2 mg/kg, ip after 10 mins by actophotometry2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22
Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of novel quinoxalin-2-carboxamides as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for the management of depression.
AID1079932Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID476929Human intestinal absorption in po dosed human2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 45, Issue:3
Neural computational prediction of oral drug absorption based on CODES 2D descriptors.
AID221171The binding affinity was measured on leukotriene-D4 receptor using [3H]- LTD4 as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID1079944Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID526455Inhibition of human ERG expressed in HEK cells by patch clamp technique2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22
Discovery of 2-substituted benzoxazole carboxamides as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID146640In vitro Binding affinity towards Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha4-beta2 was determined2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 11, Issue:3
The 5-HT3 antagonist tropisetron (ICS 205-930) is a potent and selective alpha7 nicotinic receptor partial agonist.
AID72060Antiemetic potency was tested against cisplatin-induced emetic episodes in ferret after oral administration1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 35, Issue:5
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 2. Two novel tricyclic benzamides.
AID5980Binding affinity towards [3H]quipazine labeled 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor sites in HG108-151993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-29, Volume: 36, Issue:22
5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 3. Quinoline derivatives which may be effective in the therapy of irritable bowel syndrome.
AID5896In vitro affinity for 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptor by displacement of [3H]BRL-43694 from rat entorhinal cortex1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-10, Volume: 40, Issue:21
Phenylimidazolidin-2-one derivatives as selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and refinement of the pharmacophore model for 5-HT3 receptor binding.
AID106806Inhibition of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) at 400 uM2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID221935The binding affinity was measured on glycine receptor using [3H]- strychnine as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID625285Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID6123Serotonin receptor antagonist activity was measured as ability to block the serotonin-induced Bezold-Jarisch reflex in rats after iv administration of 2 ug/Kg1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 33, Issue:10
Thiazole as a carbonyl bioisostere. A novel class of highly potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID79370The compound was evaluated for the percentage inhibition in guinea pig ileum stimulated with 10 uM 5-HT and tested at fixed concentration of 10 uM1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-29, Volume: 37, Issue:9
Synthesis of 2-piperazinylbenzothiazole and 2-piperazinylbenzoxazole derivatives with 5-HT3 antagonist and 5-HT4 agonist properties.
AID588212Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID592681Apparent permeability across human Caco2 cell membrane after 2 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 19, Issue:8
QSAR-based permeability model for drug-like compounds.
AID64277Inhibition of the binding of radioligand [3H]spiperone to dopamine receptor D2 in rat brain synaptic membrane2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-27, Volume: 46, Issue:5
Synthesis and structure-affinity relationships of novel N-(1-ethyl-4-methylhexahydro-1,4-diazepin-6-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamides with potent serotonin 5-HT3 and dopamine D2 receptor antagonistic activity.
AID145998Responses to that evoked by Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha3-beta2 expressed in xenopus oocytes up to 1 mM2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-19, Volume: 14, Issue:8
Activity of alpha7-selective agonists at nicotinic and serotonin 5HT3 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
AID6011Binding affinity towards 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor was determined by using [3H]-ICS 205-930 as radioligand in mouse N1E 115 cells1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6
Conformation-activity relationship study of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and a definition of a model for this receptor site.
AID625283Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID178008Effective dose causing reduction of serotonin effect at 5 min administered iv in Bezold-Jarisch reflex test1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-29, Volume: 36, Issue:22
5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 3. Quinoline derivatives which may be effective in the therapy of irritable bowel syndrome.
AID6066Concentration required to inhibit the binding of radioligand [3H]GR-65630 to serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor (5-HT 3 receptor)in rat brain cortical membrane2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-27, Volume: 46, Issue:5
Synthesis and structure-affinity relationships of novel N-(1-ethyl-4-methylhexahydro-1,4-diazepin-6-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamides with potent serotonin 5-HT3 and dopamine D2 receptor antagonistic activity.
AID5890Compound was evaluated for its ability to displace [3H]quipazine binding to 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor sites in NG 108-15. 1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-25, Volume: 35, Issue:26
5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 1. New quinoline derivatives.
AID177426Compound was evaluated for the inhibition of 5-HT induced bradycardia [Bezold-Jarisch (BJ) reflex test] in rats at 5 min1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-25, Volume: 35, Issue:26
5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 1. New quinoline derivatives.
AID62413Compound was evaluated for protection against cisplatin-induced emesis by measuring number of emetic episodes in dogs administered intravenously at 0.3 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID6297The compound was tested for the binding affinity against 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor using [3H]zacopride as radioligand.1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-21, Volume: 42, Issue:21
Pyrroloquinoxaline derivatives as high-affinity and selective 5-HT(3) receptor agonists: synthesis, further structure-activity relationships, and biological studies.
AID146306Responses to that evoked by ACh at human Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha4-beta2 expressed in xenopus oocytes up to 1 mM2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-19, Volume: 14, Issue:8
Activity of alpha7-selective agonists at nicotinic and serotonin 5HT3 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
AID87533The binding affinity was measured on histamine H1 receptor using [3H]- mepyramine as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID540213Half life in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID72573Compound was evaluated for number of emetic episodes in ferrets administered perorally at 1.0 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID61939Mean percentage increase emetic latency in dog after an intravenous administration of 0.3 mg/kg of drug1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 36, Issue:5
5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 2. 4-Hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid derivatives.
AID6027Potency at neuronal 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor in the rabbit heart1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6
Conformation-activity relationship study of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and a definition of a model for this receptor site.
AID60126Inhibition of emesis induced by peroral administration of cisplatin in 6 dogs at 0.03 mg/kg1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-03, Volume: 36, Issue:18
2-(Quinuclidin-3-yl)pyrido[4,3-b]indol-1-ones and isoquinolin-1-ones. Potent conformationally restricted 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID22293Delta logD (logD6.5 - logD7.4)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID5977Tested for the antagonistic activity against 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor from guinea pig ileum1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-17, Volume: 36, Issue:19
Novel antagonists of 5-HT3 receptors. Synthesis and biological evaluation of piperazinylquinoxaline derivatives.
AID721751Inhibition of human OCT2-mediated ASP+ uptake expressed in HEK293 cells after 3 mins by fluorescence assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Discovery of potent, selective multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1 (MATE1, SLC47A1) inhibitors through prescription drug profiling and computational modeling.
AID1784818Sedative activity in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as effect on spontaneous locomotor activity at 0.5 mg/kg, po
AID1889694Competitive binding affinity towards 5-HT3 receptor (unknown origin)2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 232Novel D
AID146922Activation responses to that evoked by ACh at human Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha-7 expressed in xenopus oocytes at 100 uM2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-19, Volume: 14, Issue:8
Activity of alpha7-selective agonists at nicotinic and serotonin 5HT3 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
AID526726Antidepressant-like activity in mouse assessed as immobility time at 1 mg/kg, ip by forced swimming test2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22
Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of novel quinoxalin-2-carboxamides as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for the management of depression.
AID6278Compound was evaluated for the displacement of [3H]-Q-ICS 205-930 binding to 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 recognition sites in rat brain membranes1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 34, Issue:1
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Indole oxadiazoles.
AID183110Inhibition of wrap-restraint stress-induced colonic propulsion measured by the time required to expel a teflon ball inserted 3 cm into the rat colon1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-29, Volume: 36, Issue:22
5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 3. Quinoline derivatives which may be effective in the therapy of irritable bowel syndrome.
AID62416Compound was evaluated for protection against cisplatin-induced emesis by measuring number of emetic episodes in dogs administered perorally at 0.3 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID1079935Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID60242Inhibition of emesis induced by peroral administration of cisplatin in 6 dogs at 0.3 mg/kg (p<0.01)1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-03, Volume: 36, Issue:18
2-(Quinuclidin-3-yl)pyrido[4,3-b]indol-1-ones and isoquinolin-1-ones. Potent conformationally restricted 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID540212Mean residence time in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID721754Inhibition of human MATE1-mediated ASP+ uptake expressed in HEK293 cells after 1.5 mins by fluorescence assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Discovery of potent, selective multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1 (MATE1, SLC47A1) inhibitors through prescription drug profiling and computational modeling.
AID72376Inhibition of emesis induced by peroral administration of cisplatin in 5 ferrets at 0.1 mg/kg (p<0.01)1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-03, Volume: 36, Issue:18
2-(Quinuclidin-3-yl)pyrido[4,3-b]indol-1-ones and isoquinolin-1-ones. Potent conformationally restricted 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID1889689Displacement of [3H]-ketanserin from human 5-HT2A receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells measured after 1.5 hrs by Microbeta plate reader method2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 232Novel D
AID6063Binding affinity against 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor in rat cortical membrane using [3H]GR-65630 as radioligand1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-17, Volume: 8, Issue:6
A novel series of N-(hexahydro-1,4-diazepin-6-yl) and N-(hexahydroazepin- 3-yl)benzamides with high affinity for 5-HT3 and dopamine D2 receptors.
AID72841Compound was evaluated for protection against cisplatin-induced emesis by measuring number of retches in ferrets administered perorally at 0.3 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID6364Binding affinity towards 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor by displacement of [3H]2 in Neuroblastoma-Glioma NG-108-15 cells1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 33, Issue:10
Thiazole as a carbonyl bioisostere. A novel class of highly potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID712498Antagonist activity at rat 5HT3A receptor expressed in xenopus oocytes assessed as inhibition of 5HT-induced effect by electrophysiological method2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-12, Volume: 54, Issue:9
Discovery of 1-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenylsulfanyl)phenyl]piperazine (Lu AA21004): a novel multimodal compound for the treatment of major depressive disorder.
AID61015-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonistic activity was measured by the inhibition of 5H+ T-induced bradycardia after po administration of 300 ug/kg dose in urethane-anesthetized rats1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 35, Issue:2
Zatosetron, a potent, selective, and long-acting 5HT3 receptor antagonist: synthesis and structure-activity relationships.
AID60243Inhibition of emesis induced by peroral administration of cisplatin in 6 dogs at 1.0 mg/kg (p<0.01)1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-03, Volume: 36, Issue:18
2-(Quinuclidin-3-yl)pyrido[4,3-b]indol-1-ones and isoquinolin-1-ones. Potent conformationally restricted 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID6054Compound was tested for the inhibition of 5-HT-induced bradycardia after peroral administration of 1000 ug/kg dose in urethane-anesthetized rats1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 35, Issue:2
Zatosetron, a potent, selective, and long-acting 5HT3 receptor antagonist: synthesis and structure-activity relationships.
AID1079942Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID72373Inhibition of emesis induced by peroral administration of cisplatin in 5 ferrets at 0.03 mg/kg1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-03, Volume: 36, Issue:18
2-(Quinuclidin-3-yl)pyrido[4,3-b]indol-1-ones and isoquinolin-1-ones. Potent conformationally restricted 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID183147Potency to inhibit bradycardiac effect measured by Von Bezold-Jarisch assay in 9 anesthetized rats1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-03, Volume: 36, Issue:18
2-(Quinuclidin-3-yl)pyrido[4,3-b]indol-1-ones and isoquinolin-1-ones. Potent conformationally restricted 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID1784759Antagonist activity at 5-HT3 receptor in guinea-pig ileum assessed as inhibition of 5HT-induced contraction incubated for 15 mins
AID43581Inhibition of beta-lactamase at 100 uM2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID5928Compound was tested for the inhibition of 5-HT-induced bradycardia after peroral administration of 1 mg/kg at 0.5 hours in urethane-anesthetized rats1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 35, Issue:2
Zatosetron, a potent, selective, and long-acting 5HT3 receptor antagonist: synthesis and structure-activity relationships.
AID552297Partial agonist activity at human 5HT3A receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as decrease in 100 uM 5-chloroindole-induced increase in intracellular calcium release at 3 uM relative to 5-HT2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 21, Issue:1
Novel serotonin type 3 receptor partial agonists for the potential treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
AID7229In vitro antagonism of the 5-HT-3 receptor determined by inhibition of 5-HT-induced depolarization of the isolated rat vagus nerve.1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 35, Issue:9
Novel antagonists of the 5-HT3 receptor. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of (2-alkoxybenzoyl)ureas.
AID62411Compound was evaluated for protection against cisplatin-induced emesis by measuring number of emetic episodes in dogs administered intravenously at 0.1 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID6126Tested for inhibition of Bezold-Jarisch (B-J) reflex mediated by 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor in rats after intravenous administration (2.0 ug/kg)1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 33, Issue:10
An initial three-component pharmacophore for specific serotonin-3 receptor ligands.
AID408340Inhibition of human ERG expressed in CHO cells by whole cell patch clamp technique2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 16, Issue:11
Support vector machines classification of hERG liabilities based on atom types.
AID62420No. of emetic episodes in dogs when administered perorally at 3.0 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID5884Compound was evaluated for its in vitro affinity at serotonergic 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor by radioligand binding assay, using [3H]-LY 278584 in rat cerebral cortex membranes.1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 42, Issue:24
Benzimidazole derivatives. 2. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of new azabicyclic benzimidazole-4-carboxylic acid derivatives with affinity for serotoninergic 5-HT(3) receptors.
AID72057Antiemetic activity (oral administration) against cisplatin-induced emesis in ferret, as the dose required to increase latency to first emetic bout by 50%1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 35, Issue:5
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 1. Initial structure-activity relationship of novel benzamides.
AID61005-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonistic activity was measured by the inhibition of 5H+ T-induced bradycardia after po administration of 30 ug/kg dose in urethane-anesthetized rats1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 35, Issue:2
Zatosetron, a potent, selective, and long-acting 5HT3 receptor antagonist: synthesis and structure-activity relationships.
AID721750Inhibition of human OCT1-mediated ASP+ uptake expressed in HEK293 cells after 3 mins by fluorescence assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Discovery of potent, selective multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1 (MATE1, SLC47A1) inhibitors through prescription drug profiling and computational modeling.
AID210172The binding affinity was measured on TRH receptor using [3H]- MeTRH as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID191058Percent response to 100 ug/kg serotonin was determined as blockade of serotonin-induced bradycardia in anesthetized rat1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Aromatic thiazole derivatives: structurally novel and selective serotonin-3 receptor antagonists.
AID625282Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID62427Compound was evaluated for protection against cisplatin-induced emesis by measuring number of retches in dogs administered perorally at 1.0 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID184262The compound was evaluated for the percentage increase in gastric emptying for a dose of 1 mg/kg perorally in rat1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-29, Volume: 37, Issue:9
Synthesis of 2-piperazinylbenzothiazole and 2-piperazinylbenzoxazole derivatives with 5-HT3 antagonist and 5-HT4 agonist properties.
AID692186Therapeutic index, ratio of Cmax in human to IC50 for human OCT12011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID65752The binding affinity was measured on dopamine receptor D3 using [3H]- dopamine as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID568201Antipsychotic activity in Swiss Albino mouse assessed as spontaneous locomotor score at 0.5 mg/kg, ip measured for 10 mins by actophotometer2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 21, Issue:4
Discovery of new anti-depressants from structurally novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonists: design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 3-ethoxyquinoxalin-2-carboxamides.
AID197155The pA2 is the negative logarithm of the molar concentration of an antagonist which necessitates the doubling of the agonist dose to couteract the effect of that antagonist and restore the original response was measured in guinea pig isolated ileu m test.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID444054Oral bioavailability in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID3693Displacement of binding of [3H]5-HT to 5-hydroxytryptamine 1 receptor in rat cerebral cortex1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-17, Volume: 36, Issue:19
Novel antagonists of 5-HT3 receptors. Synthesis and biological evaluation of piperazinylquinoxaline derivatives.
AID62536Compound was evaluated for protection against cisplatin-induced emesis by measuring number of retches in dogs administered intravenously at 0.3 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID62429Compound was evaluated for protection against cisplatin-induced emesis by measuring number of retches in dogs administered perorally at 3.0 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID192536Percent inhibition of serotonin-induced B-J reflex (Bezold-Jarisch reflex)in the right femoral vein of rat at a dose of 2 ug/kg1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Aromatic thiazole derivatives: structurally novel and selective serotonin-3 receptor antagonists.
AID6026Binding affinity to 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor of neuronal in the afferent rabbit vagus1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6
Conformation-activity relationship study of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and a definition of a model for this receptor site.
AID5964Binding affinity to 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor entirely in guinea pig ileum1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6
Conformation-activity relationship study of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and a definition of a model for this receptor site.
AID773790Displacement of [3H]LY 278584 from 5-HT3 receptor in Sprague-Dawley rat cerebral cortex after 30 mins2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-24, Volume: 56, Issue:20
New serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonists endowed with antinociceptive activity in vivo.
AID183155Antagonist activity (100 mg/Kg) for the Bezold Jarisch reflex evoked by 30(mg/Kg) of 5-HT in ethylurethane anesthetized rats (i.v.)1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-10, Volume: 40, Issue:21
Phenylimidazolidin-2-one derivatives as selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and refinement of the pharmacophore model for 5-HT3 receptor binding.
AID5899Inhibitory activity against 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor in rat cortical membranes using [3H]-1-Methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid (8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-amide as a radioligand1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 33, Issue:12
Synthesis and biochemical evaluation of tritium-labeled 1-methyl-N-(8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxa mide, a useful radioligand for 5HT3 receptors.
AID588213Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1079936Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID1474166Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID692183Protein binding in human plasma2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID146872The binding affinity was measured on Na+2(BTX)brain receptor using [3H]- batrachotox as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID6080Binding affinity against 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptor from rat cortical homogenate using [3H]zacopride as radioligand1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-21, Volume: 42, Issue:21
Pyrroloquinoxaline derivatives as high-affinity and selective 5-HT(3) receptor agonists: synthesis, further structure-activity relationships, and biological studies.
AID60985-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonistic activity was measured by the inhibition of 5H+ T-induced bradycardia after po administration of 100 ug/kg dose in urethane-anesthetized rats1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 35, Issue:2
Zatosetron, a potent, selective, and long-acting 5HT3 receptor antagonist: synthesis and structure-activity relationships.
AID1079948Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID692185Cmax in human2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID62409Compound was evaluated for protection against cisplatin-induced emesis by measuring number of emetic episodes in dogs administered intravenously at 0.03 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID526454Intrinsic clearance in human liver microsomes2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22
Discovery of 2-substituted benzoxazole carboxamides as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID62854Mean percentage reduction due to cisplatin-induced emetic episodes in dog after an intravenous administration of 0.1 mg/kg of drug1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 36, Issue:5
5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 2. 4-Hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid derivatives.
AID61649The binding affinity was measured on dopamine receptor D1 using [3H]- dopamine as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID1473741Inhibition of human MRP4 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID146789In vitro Binding affinity towards alpha-7 nAChR was determined2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 11, Issue:3
The 5-HT3 antagonist tropisetron (ICS 205-930) is a potent and selective alpha7 nicotinic receptor partial agonist.
AID721748Inhibition of human MATE2K-mediated ASP+ uptake expressed in HEK293 cells up to 500 uM after 1.5 mins by fluorescence assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Discovery of potent, selective multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1 (MATE1, SLC47A1) inhibitors through prescription drug profiling and computational modeling.
AID60117Inhibition of emesis induced by intravenous administration of cisplatin in 6 dogs at 0.03 mg/kg1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-03, Volume: 36, Issue:18
2-(Quinuclidin-3-yl)pyrido[4,3-b]indol-1-ones and isoquinolin-1-ones. Potent conformationally restricted 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID6041In vitro displacement of [3H]ICS-205-930 from 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor in cultured NG-108-15 rat glioma cells1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Aromatic thiazole derivatives: structurally novel and selective serotonin-3 receptor antagonists.
AID1474167Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID220521The binding affinity was measured on delta-opiate receptor using [3H]- dadle as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID62535Compound was evaluated for protection against cisplatin-induced emesis by measuring number of retches in dogs administered intravenously at 0.1 mg/kg.1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID47564Inhibition of [3H]D-888 binding to L-type calcium channel verapamil site of rat brain1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID526727Antidepressant-like activity in mouse assessed as immobility time at 0.5 mg/kg, ip by forced swimming test2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22
Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of novel quinoxalin-2-carboxamides as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for the management of depression.
AID5909The compound was evaluated for the binding affinity towards 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor by displacement of radioligand [3H]GR-656301992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 35, Issue:5
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 2. Two novel tricyclic benzamides.
AID721745Ratio of Cmax unbound to IC50 for human MATE1-mediated ASP+ uptake expressed in HEK293 cells2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Discovery of potent, selective multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1 (MATE1, SLC47A1) inhibitors through prescription drug profiling and computational modeling.
AID4703The binding affinity was measured on 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor using [3H]- serotonin as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID540211Fraction unbound in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID526725Antagonist activity at 5HT3 receptor in guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus assessed as inhibition of 2-methyl-5-HT-induced contraction2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22
Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of novel quinoxalin-2-carboxamides as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for the management of depression.
AID225225The binding affinity was measured on muscarine M2 receptor using [3H]- N-Me-SCOPOL as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID184452Acute lethal toxicity for rat after intravenous administration1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 36, Issue:5
5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 2. 4-Hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid derivatives.
AID218722The binding affinity was measured on beta-1,2-adrenergic receptor using [3H]- DHA as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID26304Partition coefficient (logD6.5)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID29811Oral bioavailability in human2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID721747Inhibition of human MATE1-mediated [14]-metformin uptake expressed in HEK293 cells after 1.5 mins by scintillation counting analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Discovery of potent, selective multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1 (MATE1, SLC47A1) inhibitors through prescription drug profiling and computational modeling.
AID62419Compound was evaluated for protection against cisplatin-induced emesis by measuring number of emetic episodes in dogs administered perorally at 1.0 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID59353Percent inhibition of apomorphine (0.3 mg/kg) induced emesis in dogs when 1 mg/kg of compound administered perorally2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-27, Volume: 46, Issue:5
Synthesis and structure-affinity relationships of novel N-(1-ethyl-4-methylhexahydro-1,4-diazepin-6-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamides with potent serotonin 5-HT3 and dopamine D2 receptor antagonistic activity.
AID699539Inhibition of human liver OATP1B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in E17-betaG uptake at 20 uM by scintillation counting2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10
Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID4767The binding affinity was measured on 5-hydroxytryptamine 1C receptor using [3H]- serotonin as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID1079938Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID6008The binding affinity was measured for 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor on NG 108-15 cell line of mouse neuroblastoma-glioma cells in presence of [3H]5 radioligand (in vitro)1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 33, Issue:11
Synthesis, in vitro binding profile, and central nervous system penetrability of the highly potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist [3H]-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4(5)-methyl-5(4)-imidazolylmethyl]thiazole.
AID72377Inhibition of emesis induced by peroral administration of cisplatin in 5 ferrets at 0.3 mg/kg (p<0.01)1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-03, Volume: 36, Issue:18
2-(Quinuclidin-3-yl)pyrido[4,3-b]indol-1-ones and isoquinolin-1-ones. Potent conformationally restricted 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID173594Dose of antagonist which inhibits the by the 2-Me-5-HT induced slowing of the heart rate by 10 beats/5 s.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID4352The binding affinity was measured on 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor using [3H]- 8-OH-DPAT as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID1473738Inhibition of human BSEP overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-taurocholate in presence of ATP measured after 15 to 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID568198Antidepressant activity in Swiss Albino mouse assessed as immobility time at 0.5 mg/kg, ip by forced swimming test (Rvb = 165.6 +/- 03.2 sec)2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 21, Issue:4
Discovery of new anti-depressants from structurally novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonists: design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 3-ethoxyquinoxalin-2-carboxamides.
AID225226The binding affinity was measured on muscarine M3 receptor using [3H]- N-Me-SCOPOL as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID4846Tested for antagonistic activity against 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 receptor from rat thoracic aorta1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-17, Volume: 36, Issue:19
Novel antagonists of 5-HT3 receptors. Synthesis and biological evaluation of piperazinylquinoxaline derivatives.
AID5895Displacement of binding of [3H]-BRL 43694 to 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor in rat cerebral cortex1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-17, Volume: 36, Issue:19
Novel antagonists of 5-HT3 receptors. Synthesis and biological evaluation of piperazinylquinoxaline derivatives.
AID6344In vitro Binding affinity towards 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor was determined2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 11, Issue:3
The 5-HT3 antagonist tropisetron (ICS 205-930) is a potent and selective alpha7 nicotinic receptor partial agonist.
AID1784760Antagonist activity at human 5-HT6 receptor expressed in 1321N1 cells assessed as inhibition of 5-CT induced cAMP production incubated for 30 mins
AID526452Binding affinity to human HT3A receptor2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22
Discovery of 2-substituted benzoxazole carboxamides as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID444058Volume of distribution at steady state in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID444057Fraction escaping hepatic elimination in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID197156The pA2 is the negative logarithm of the molar concentration of an antagonist which necessitates the doubling of the agonist dose to couteract the effect of that antagonist and restore the original response was measured in rat isolated vagus nerve test.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID6310Binding affinity against 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptor in rat brain cortical membranes using radioligand [3H]quipazine1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-03, Volume: 36, Issue:18
2-(Quinuclidin-3-yl)pyrido[4,3-b]indol-1-ones and isoquinolin-1-ones. Potent conformationally restricted 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID239870Antagonism of 2-methyl-5-HT effect on 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor in isolated guinea pig ileum2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-18, Volume: 14, Issue:20
Microwave assisted synthesis of 2-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile as a new class of serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID680106TP_TRANSPORTER: increase in brain concentration in mdr1a(-/-) mouse1996The Journal of clinical investigation, Jun-01, Volume: 97, Issue:11
P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain barrier of mice influences the brain penetration and pharmacological activity of many drugs.
AID1889690Displacement of [3H]-8-OH-DPAT from human 5-HT1A receptor expressed in HEK293 cells measured after 1 hr by Microbeta plate reader method2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 232Novel D
AID625291Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID444052Hepatic clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1889688Displacement of [3H]-raclopride from human D2L receptor expressed in HEK293 cells measured after 1 hr by Microbeta plate reader method2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 232Novel D
AID79328Antagonism to 2-methyl-5-HT induced contractions in guinea pig ileum1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-17, Volume: 36, Issue:19
Novel antagonists of 5-HT3 receptors. Synthesis and biological evaluation of piperazinylquinoxaline derivatives.
AID183111Inhibitory activity against Bezold-jarisch functional assay, inducing a transient bradycardia upon intravenous administration of 5-hydroxytryptamine-(10 ug/kg) in anesthetized rats.1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID568200Antipsychotic activity in Swiss Albino mouse assessed as spontaneous locomotor score at 1 mg/kg, ip measured for 10 mins by actophotometer2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 21, Issue:4
Discovery of new anti-depressants from structurally novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonists: design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 3-ethoxyquinoxalin-2-carboxamides.
AID6244In vitro affinity at serotonergic 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor by radioligand binding assay using [3H]GR-113808 in rat striatum membranes.1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-02, Volume: 42, Issue:24
Benzimidazole derivatives. 2. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of new azabicyclic benzimidazole-4-carboxylic acid derivatives with affinity for serotoninergic 5-HT(3) receptors.
AID223425The binding affinity was measured on leukotriene-6 receptor using [3H]- IL-6 as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID386623Inhibition of 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium uptake at human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells at 100 uM by confocal microscopy2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 51, Issue:19
Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1.
AID625280Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID52790Inhibition of chymotrypsin at 250 uM2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID222169The binding affinity was measured on melatonin receptor using [3H]- 2-iodo-melat as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID1079945Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID692194Inhibition of human OCT1 expressed in HEK-293-Flp-In cells incubated for 3 mins by ASP+ substrate uptake assay2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID183119Inhibitory dose causing inhibition of increase in castor oil induced diarrhea by oral administration at 1 ml/rat1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-29, Volume: 36, Issue:22
5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 3. Quinoline derivatives which may be effective in the therapy of irritable bowel syndrome.
AID6279Compound was evaluated for the displacement of [3H]Q-ICS-205-930 from 5-HT3 recognition sites in rat brain membranes1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-20, Volume: 35, Issue:6
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists: indol-3-ylspiro(azabicycloalkane-3,5'(4'H)-oxazoles).
AID145857In vitro Binding affinity towards alpha-1-beta-1-gamma-delta nAChR; not done2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 11, Issue:3
The 5-HT3 antagonist tropisetron (ICS 205-930) is a potent and selective alpha7 nicotinic receptor partial agonist.
AID72056Antiemetic activity (intravenous administration) against cisplatin-induced emesis in ferret, as the dose required to reduce emetic episodes to 50% of control value1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 35, Issue:5
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 1. Initial structure-activity relationship of novel benzamides.
AID699541Inhibition of human liver OATP2B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E3S uptake at 20 uM incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10
Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID72834Compound was evaluated for number of emetic episodes in ferrets administered intravenously at 1.0 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID72054Antiemetic potency was tested against cisplatin-induced emetic latency period in ferret after oral administration1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 35, Issue:5
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 2. Two novel tricyclic benzamides.
AID6055Inhibition of 5-HT-induced bradycardia by 5-hydroxytryptamine 3+1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 35, Issue:2
Zatosetron, a potent, selective, and long-acting 5HT3 receptor antagonist: synthesis and structure-activity relationships.
AID59346Effective dose for inhibition of apomorphine (0.3 mg/kg) induced emesis in dogs when 1 mg/kg of compound administered perorally2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-27, Volume: 46, Issue:5
Synthesis and structure-affinity relationships of novel N-(1-ethyl-4-methylhexahydro-1,4-diazepin-6-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamides with potent serotonin 5-HT3 and dopamine D2 receptor antagonistic activity.
AID1079943Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID1079949Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID625289Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID146308Antagonism of ACh response at Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha4-beta2 expressed in xenopus oocytes2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-19, Volume: 14, Issue:8
Activity of alpha7-selective agonists at nicotinic and serotonin 5HT3 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
AID72572Compound was evaluated for number of emetic episodes in ferrets administered perorally at 0.3 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID721742Ratio of Cmax unbound to IC50 for human MATE1-mediated [14]-metformin uptake expressed in polarized MDCK2 cells2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Discovery of potent, selective multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1 (MATE1, SLC47A1) inhibitors through prescription drug profiling and computational modeling.
AID71931Antiemetic activity (intravenous administration) against cisplatin-induced emesis in ferret, as the dose required to increase latency to first emetic bout by 100%1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 35, Issue:5
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 1. Initial structure-activity relationship of novel benzamides.
AID179597Inhibition of the Bezold Jarisch reflex evoked by 30 ug/Kg of 5-HT.1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-10, Volume: 40, Issue:21
Phenylimidazolidin-2-one derivatives as selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and refinement of the pharmacophore model for 5-HT3 receptor binding.
AID6369In vitro binding affinity for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor was determined with NG-108-15 mouse neuroblastoma-glioma cells1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 33, Issue:10
An initial three-component pharmacophore for specific serotonin-3 receptor ligands.
AID625288Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID699540Inhibition of human liver OATP1B3 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E17-betaG uptake at 20 uM incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10
Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID444056Fraction escaping gut-wall elimination in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID526729Toxicity in mouse assessed as induction of spontaneous locomotor activity at 1 mg/kg, ip after 10 mins by actophotometry2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22
Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of novel quinoxalin-2-carboxamides as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for the management of depression.
AID72571Compound was evaluated for number of emetic episodes in ferrets administered perorally at 0.1 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID1889691Displacement of [3H]-5-CT from human 5-HT7b receptor expressed in HEK293 cells measured after 1 hr by Microbeta plate reader method2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 232Novel D
AID104027The binding affinity was measured on muscarine M1 receptor using [3H]- pirenzepine as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID60128Inhibition of emesis induced by peroral administration of cisplatin in 6 dogs at 0.1 mg/kg1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-03, Volume: 36, Issue:18
2-(Quinuclidin-3-yl)pyrido[4,3-b]indol-1-ones and isoquinolin-1-ones. Potent conformationally restricted 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID6089Inhibition of 5-HT evoked reflex bradycardia in rat.1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 33, Issue:7
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) receptor antagonists. 1. Indazole and indolizine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives.
AID72709Compound was evaluated for number of emetic episodes in ferrets administered intravenously at 0.3 mg/kg1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Isoquinolinones and 3-aryl-2-pyridones.
AID588211Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID712522Displacement of [3H]granisetron from human 5HT3A receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by filter binding assay2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-12, Volume: 54, Issue:9
Discovery of 1-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenylsulfanyl)phenyl]piperazine (Lu AA21004): a novel multimodal compound for the treatment of major depressive disorder.
AID692187Therapeutic index, ratio of Cmax in human to IC50 for human MATE12011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID692192Inhibition of human OCT2 expressed in HEK-293-Flp-In cells incubated for 3 mins by ASP+ substrate uptake assay2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID184810Lowest effective dose affecting behavioral parameter in at least half of the animals.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID712521Displacement of [3H]5-carboxamidotryptamine to human 5HT1A expressed in HEK293 cells by filter binding assay2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-12, Volume: 54, Issue:9
Discovery of 1-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenylsulfanyl)phenyl]piperazine (Lu AA21004): a novel multimodal compound for the treatment of major depressive disorder.
AID568199Antidepressant activity in Swiss Albino mouse assessed as immobility time at 2 mg/kg, ip by forced swimming test2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 21, Issue:4
Discovery of new anti-depressants from structurally novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonists: design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 3-ethoxyquinoxalin-2-carboxamides.
AID223592The binding affinity was measured on kappa-opiate receptor using [3H]- EKC as radioligand.1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Development of high-affinity 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Structure-affinity relationships of novel 1,7-annelated indole derivatives.
AID6124Serotonin receptor antagonist activity was measured as ability to block the serotonin-induced Bezold-Jarisch reflex in rats after iv administration of 20 ug/Kg1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 33, Issue:10
Thiazole as a carbonyl bioisostere. A novel class of highly potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
AID6077Inhibition of [3H]BRL-43694 binding to rat 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-29, Volume: 37, Issue:9
Synthesis of 2-piperazinylbenzothiazole and 2-piperazinylbenzoxazole derivatives with 5-HT3 antagonist and 5-HT4 agonist properties.
AID1079933Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID161281Inhibition of human Potassium channel HERG expressed in mammalian cells2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 13, Issue:16
Prediction of hERG potassium channel affinity by traditional and hologram qSAR methods.
AID444051Total clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID6056In vivo inhibitory concentration after 5 minutes against 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor induced bradycardia [bezold-jarisch (B-J) reflex test] in rat by intravenous administration1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 36, Issue:5
5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 2. 4-Hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid derivatives.
AID1473739Inhibition of human MRP2 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID91481Binding constant against human serum albumin (HSA)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 44, Issue:25
Cheminformatic models to predict binding affinities to human serum albumin.
AID444055Fraction absorbed in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (3,155)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199045 (1.43)18.7374
1990's1241 (39.33)18.2507
2000's777 (24.63)29.6817
2010's846 (26.81)24.3611
2020's246 (7.80)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 142.59

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index142.59 (24.57)
Research Supply Index8.43 (2.92)
Research Growth Index6.28 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index272.32 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.03 (0.95)

This Compound (142.59)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1,216 (35.98%)5.53%
Reviews331 (9.79%)6.00%
Case Studies226 (6.69%)4.05%
Observational23 (0.68%)0.25%
Other1,584 (46.86%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (359)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Matching Genotypes and Serotonergic Medications for Alcoholism [NCT01113164]Phase 179 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-09-30Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Study Conducted Under In-House Blinding Conditions to Determine the Efficacy and Tolerability of Aprepitant for the Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Associated With Moderately Emetoge [NCT00337727]Phase 3848 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-01-01Completed
Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomised Investigation of Ondansetron in Schizophrenia [NCT01121042]Phase 385 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-07-31Completed
Olanzapine With or Without Fosaprepitant for the Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV)in Patients Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy (HEC): A Phase III Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial [NCT03578081]Phase 3690 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-10-15Completed
Oral Ondansetron vs Domperidone for Symptomatic Treatment of Vomiting During Acute Gastroenteritis in Children: Multicentre Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01257672]Phase 3356 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-07-31Completed
Ondansetron Vs Metoclopramide in the Treatment of Vomiting in Gastroenteritis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01165866]Phase 4170 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-06-30Completed
Phase Ia/Ib Study of Normal Healthy Volunteer Clinical Trial of a Novel Ondansetron Formulation [NCT01290276]Phase 16 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-12-31Completed
Ondansetron Augmentation in Treatment-resistant OCD [NCT01303536]Phase 421 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-12-31Completed
Post Operative Analgesia After Pediatric Hip Surgery - PCA, Epidural or Lumbar Plexus Catheter: A Prospective Randomized Control Trial [NCT03435692]42 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-07-15Terminated(stopped due to Funding was exhausted prior to enrolling intended number of patients.)
The Effect of Ondansetron on Spinal Anesthesia in Caesarean Section [NCT03931863]Phase 3180 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-05-22Recruiting
Prophylactic Effects of Ondansetron, Ramosetron, and Palonosetron on Patient-Controlled Analgesia Related Nausea and Vomiting After Urologic Laparoscopic Surgery [NCT01169805]105 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
Designing Optimal Prevention and Management of Postoperative Nausea and Emesis for Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy [NCT03435003]Phase 4104 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-08-28Completed
Comparative Electrocardiographic Effects of Intravenous Ondansetron and Granisetron in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Carcinoma Breast: A Prospective Single Blind Randomised Trial [NCT01352130]Phase 470 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Completed
Role of Dexamethasone or Ondansetron in the Quality of Recovery After Intrathecal Morphine Administration in Patients Undergoing Lower Limb Surgery. [NCT03035942]Phase 4135 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-01-02Completed
A Study Examining the Pharmacodynamics Interaction Between Buprenorphine and Fentanyl [NCT03747341]Phase 122 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-03-22Completed
[NCT02408146]80 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-01-31Recruiting
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Pharmacogenetic Study of Ondansetron in Alcohol Use Disorder [NCT02354703]Phase 2293 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-08-31Completed
Effects of Intraoperative Dexamethasone and Ondansetron on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Microvascular Decompression Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study [NCT03685032]54 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-08-07Completed
Conscious Sedation Efficacy of the Novel Medication, MKO Melt (Midazolam, Ketamine, Ondansetron), During Cataract Surgery [NCT03653520]651 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-06-28Completed
Investigation of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Pharmacokinetics of Ondansetron [NCT02901054]19 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-08-25Completed
A Comparison of Haloperidol 5mg IM vs Droperidol 2.5mg and Ondansetron for the Treatment of Hyperemesis in Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome [NCT05065567]Phase 238 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-08-30Terminated(stopped due to Lost too many patients to follow up, unable to enroll enough patients)
A Unique Schedule of Palonosetron, Ondansetron, and Dexamethasone for the Prevention of Delayed Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Receiving Moderately Emetogenic Myeloablative Chemotherapy [NCT01370408]Phase 285 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-02-29Completed
Dexamethasone vs Ondansetron as the First-line Antiemetic to Prevent Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Cesarean Delivery [NCT05692245]Phase 4100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-03-31Not yet recruiting
Feasibility of Delivering Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery [NCT03859102]80 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-12-17Recruiting
Nasally Inhaled Isopropyl Alcohol Versus Oral Ondansetron for the Treatment of Nausea in the Emergency Department: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02760069]Phase 4122 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-31Completed
Comparative Clinical Study Among Ondansetron and Gabapentin in Preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy [NCT05620641]Phase 3100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-10-01Recruiting
Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform for Perioperative Medicine at UPMC (UPMC REMAP): Core Protocol - Enhanced Recovery Protocols (ERP) [NCT04606264]Phase 32,500 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-05-15Recruiting
Evaluation of an Enhanced Recovery Pathway for Endoscopy Patients Receiving Moderate Sedation [NCT04983498]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-09-01Withdrawn(stopped due to Investigator left organization before study initiated.)
An Open Label Phase II Study of Aprepitant for Multi-day Moderately-high to Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy Regimens [NCT00711555]Phase 222 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-11-30Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Dose-Ranging, Active- and Placebo-Controlled Study of Single-Dose Oral Rolapitant Monotherapy for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) [NCT00539721]Phase 2619 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Completed
Comparison Between Two Different Doses of Ondansetron on the Incidence of Spinal Shivering During Cesarean Section [NCT03530007]Phase 2/Phase 3120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-05-15Not yet recruiting
Cabazitaxel in Combination With Prednisolone With Primary Prophylaxis With PEG-G-CSF for the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer [NCT02441894]Phase 421 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-04-30Completed
The Use of Propofol/Ketamine Anesthesia With Bispectral Monitoring (PKA-BIS) Versus Inhalational Anesthetics in Rhytidoplasty - A Prospective, Double-blinded, Randomized Comparison Study [NCT02410460]30 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-09-30Completed
Phase II Randomized Trial to Evaluate Efficacy of Olanzapine With Short-acting 5HT3 Inhibitors in Chemotherapy-induced Nausea & Vomiting (CINV) Prophylaxis [NCT03478605]Phase 2130 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-05-25Recruiting
A Prospective Randomize Study: Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting in Plastic Surgery [NCT02382146]Phase 460 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-04-30Completed
A Phase III, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Efficacy and Safety of MK-0517/Fosaprepitant and Ondansetron Versus Ondansetron for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) in Pediatric Subjects Receiving E [NCT02519842]Phase 375 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-09-14Terminated(stopped due to Further data are no longer required to support an application for use in pediatric patients. The decision to terminate was not based on any new safety findings)
Assessing The Role Of Intravenous Lipid Emulsion As A Life Saving Therapy In Pesticides Toxicity: A Randomized Controlled Trial In Poison Control Center Of Ain Shams University Hospitals [NCT05006638]Phase 462 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-12-31Recruiting
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Commonly Used Drugs in Lactating Women and Breastfed Infants [NCT03511118]1,600 participants (Anticipated)Observational2018-10-04Recruiting
Optimization of Post-Operative Therapy for Nausea or Vomiting [NCT03075163]Phase 4300 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-10-18Terminated(stopped due to recruitment futility)
Comparison Between Ondansetron 8 mg and Lidocain 40 mg in Preventing Pain Due to Propofol Injection [NCT03134612]Phase 2104 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-07-31Completed
Intrathecal Atropine Versus Preoperative Intravenous Ondasetron for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Due to Intrathecal Morphine in Perineal Surgery [NCT05137288]100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-12-01Not yet recruiting
A Single Center, Randomized Controlled Prospective Double-blinded Trial Comparing Haloperidol to Standard Ondansetron Therapy for Control of Nausea and Vomiting in the Emergency Department [NCT04764344]Phase 460 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-04-01Completed
The Effects of Intravenous Fosaprepitant and Ondansetron for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Thoracicsurgery Patients: A Single-center, Randomized, Double-Blinded Clinical Study [NCT05881486]234 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-06-30Not yet recruiting
Effectiveness and Quality of Life Analysis of Palonosetron Against Ondansetron Combined With Dexamethasone and Fosaprepitant in Prevention of Acute and Delayed Emesis Associated to Chemotherapy Moderate and Highly Emetogenic in Breast Cancer. [NCT03606369]Phase 2/Phase 3560 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-11-05Recruiting
Efficacy of Ondansetron in the Treatment of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS): a Multi-centre, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled Crossover Study [NCT03182179]48 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-11-01Completed
A Prospective, Open-label, Single-arm Study for Efficacy and Safety of Three-drug Antiemetic Regimen to Prevent the Emesis During Radiotherapy With Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced HNSCC [NCT03572829]Phase 244 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-03-01Completed
Continuous Infusion of First-Generation 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists in Combination With Dexamethasone. Can This Modality Improve the Antiemetic Effect [NCT05872893]Phase 340 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-06-27Recruiting
Trial of Ondansetron as a Parkinson's HAllucinations Treatment [NCT04167813]Phase 2306 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-10-01Recruiting
Haloperidol Versus Ondansetron for Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome (HaVOC): A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03056482]Phase 433 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-05-21Completed
Value of Ondansetron Medication vs Inhaled Isopropyl Therapy in the Emergency Department (VOMIITED) [NCT03125811]Early Phase 1121 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-07-17Completed
The Use of Preoperative Oral Dexamethasone to Improve Quality of Recovery After Breast Surgery [NCT02234466]Phase 280 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-08-31Enrolling by invitation
Prophylaxis Ephedrine or Ondansetron Prevents Hypotension After Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section; a Randomized, Double Blinded, Placebo Controlled Trial [NCT02194192]168 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-31Completed
A Relative Bioavailability Study of Ondansetron HCl 8 mg Orally Disintegrating Tablets Under Fasting Conditions [NCT00934180]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-12-31Completed
Phase II Trial Testing the Antiemetic Efficacy of a Single-day Low Dose Aprepitant (or Fosaprepitant) Added to a 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist Plus Dexamethasone in Patients Receiving Carboplatin [NCT03237611]Phase 215 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-10-30Terminated(stopped due to Expired IRB approval on 2/11/21)
The Effect of Ondansetron on the Efficacy of Tramadol [NCT04745273]Phase 460 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-09-02Completed
A Comparison of Combination Antiemetic Regimen for Prevention of PONV in Breast Surgery Patients [NCT00738621]Phase 4100 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-07-31Completed
Effects of Ondansetron Dose and Timing on Rates of Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting [NCT03297021]Phase 4141 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-23Completed
Effects on Ondansetron on Maternal Hemodynamics After Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03629522]Phase 4100 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-08-01Completed
A Randomized Double Blinded, Placebo-controlled Trial of IV Ondansetron to Prevent Pruritus in Children Who Receive Intrathecal Morphine [NCT03262038]Phase 446 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-12-07Terminated(stopped due to Interim analysis showed no difference between groups)
Comparing the Efficacy of Ondansetron, Dexamethasone, and Placebo for the Reduction of Intraoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Lower-segment Caesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia [NCT05583214]Phase 490 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-10-31Not yet recruiting
Intraoperative Electrical Stimulation of the Acupoint P6 to Prevent Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting in Women Undergoing Breast Cancer Surgery [NCT02473042]188 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-02-29Active, not recruiting
Pharmacotherapy for HIV+ Stimulant Dependent Individuals [NCT00599573]12 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-10-31Recruiting
An Open-Label, Randomized, Single-Dose, 2-Period Crossover Study to Determine the Bioequivalence of 2 Formulations of Ondansetron in Healthy Young Adult Male and Female Subjects [NCT00972595]Phase 145 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-06-30Completed
Late Onset Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Following Strabismus Surgery in Pediatric.What Combination is Better [NCT00918190]75 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
1) The Effect of Xenon and Sevoflurane on Hypnosis Monitors. 2) Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. 3) Rescue Treatment of Established Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. Sevoflurane. [NCT00793663]Phase 4220 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-11-30Completed
Comparison of Efficacy of Ondansetron Versus Metoclopramide for Vomiting in Children With Acute Gastroenteritis: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT02619201]Phase 3250 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-11-30Not yet recruiting
A Multi-Center, Open-Label, 2-Arm, Randomized, Stratified, Parallel, Pilot Study to Assess Palonosetron vs. Ondansetron as Rescue Medication in Subjects That Develop Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) in the Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU) [NCT00967499]Phase 2239 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-07-13Completed
Ondansetron for the Treatment of Heavy Drinking Among Emerging Adults [NCT00890149]Phase 274 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-09-30Terminated(stopped due to Difficulty recruiting target sample)
A Multicenter, Open-Label, 5-Part Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Aprepitant and Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine in Pediatric Patients Receiving Emetogenic Chemotherapy [NCT00818259]Phase 192 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-05Terminated(stopped due to Study terminated early prior to completing targeted enrollment of participants <6 months of age due to recruitment challenges.)
A Randomised, Placebo Controlled Trial to Determine the Efficacy and Mode of Action of Ondansetron in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhoea [NCT03555188]Phase 380 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-03-29Completed
Comparative Study of Antiemetic Effect of Ramosetron With Combination of Ondansetron and Dexamethasone in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy [NCT02803788]Phase 4100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-07-31Recruiting
Comparative Trial Ondansetron Alone Versus Combination of Ondansetron Plus Aprepitant for Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting With Hematologic Malignancies Receiving Regimens Containing High-dose Cytarabine [NCT00954941]Phase 2100 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-11-30Completed
A Relative Bioavailability Study of Ondansetron HCl 8 mg Orally Disintegrating Tablets Under Non-Fasting Conditions [NCT00934921]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-02-28Completed
A Multicenter Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Three Different Prophylactic Treatments of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Vitrectomy Under Local Anesthesia [NCT02386059]Phase 41,200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-03-31Not yet recruiting
A Comparison of Midazolam Versus Dexamethasone-ondansetron in Preventing Postoperative Nausea-vomiting in High Risk Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgeries [NCT03603119]120 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-05-01Completed
A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active Comparator-Controlled Clinical Trial, Conducted Under In-House Blinding Conditions, to Examine the Efficacy and Safety of Aprepitant for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) in Ped [NCT01362530]Phase 3307 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-09-13Completed
Efficacy of the Anterior Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus the Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Elective Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03023462]60 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-09-05Completed
Flavored Intravenous Ondansetron Administered Orally for the Treatment of Persistent Vomiting [NCT02473887]Phase 140 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-09-30Completed
The Effect of Intraoperative Ketamine on Opioid Consumption and Pain After Spine Surgery in Opioid-dependent Patients [NCT02085577]Phase 4147 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-31Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Scheduled Prophylactic Antiemetics for Reduction of Emesis With Doxycycline [NCT02456662]319 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-10-07Completed
Intravenous Haloperidol Versus Ondansetron for Treatment of Established Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Surgery With General Anesthesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT02143531]Phase 4120 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-09-30Completed
Evaluating Pain Outcomes of Caudal vs Ilioinguinal Nerve Block in Children Undergoing Hernia Repair [NCT03041948]88 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-09-01Recruiting
Drug Disposition and Nephrotoxicity [NCT03817970]Phase 372 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-11-15Recruiting
Evaluation of Aprepitant's Effect on Drug Metabolism in Multi-Day Combination (CHOP/R-CHOP) Chemotherapy Regimen in Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT00651755]23 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-03-31Completed
Prophylactic Antiemetic Efficacy of Palonosetron Versus Ondansetron for the Prophylaxis of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) in Women Over 60 Years Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy [NCT02541019]Phase 480 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-10-31Completed
A Relative Bioavailability Study of Ondansetron HCl 24 mg Tablets Under Fasting Conditions [NCT00946387]Phase 126 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-30Completed
Comparative, Randomized, Single-Dose, Cross Over Bioavailability of Kali's Ondansetron 16 mg ODT With That of GlaxoSmithKine's Zofran 16 mg ODT in Healthy, Male and Female Subjects Under Fasting Conditions [NCT00659685]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-11-30Completed
Single-Dose Food In Vivo Bioequivalence Study of Ondansetron Orally Disintegrating Tablets (8 mg; Mylan) to Zofran ODT® Tablets (8 mg; GlaxoSmithKline) in Healthy Volunteers [NCT00648804]Phase 128 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-07-31Completed
A Prospective,Open-label, Dose Escalation Phase 1 Study to Investigate the Safety, and Tolerability and to Determine the Maximum Tolerated Dose and Recommended Phase 2 Dose of a HLX07, in Patients With Advanced Solid Cancers. [NCT02648490]Phase 119 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-09-30Completed
Effect of Dexmedetomidine Infusion on Desflurane Consumption and Hemodynamics During BIS Guided Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study [NCT02652312]40 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-02-29Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Efficacy Study of Oral Dronabinol Alone and in Combination With Ondansetron Versus Ondansetron Alone in Subjects With Delayed Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting [NCT00642512]Phase 364 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-07-31Completed
Ondansetron vs. Placebo in the Management of Children With Dehydration Due to Acute Gastroenteritis [NCT00691275]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-09-30Withdrawn
Efficacy of Preoperative Melatonin Versus Pregabalin on Intraoperative Anxiolysis and Sedation During Hip Arthroplasty Under Regional Anesthesia [NCT05221151]Phase 478 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-01-30Completed
Single-Dose Crossover Comparative Bioavailability Study to Assess the Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Ondansetron Modified-Release Capsules (EUR-1025) in Healthy Male and Female Volunteers [NCT00981487]Phase 122 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Completed
A Study of Single Dose Intravenous Casopitant in Combination With Ondansetron and Dexamethasone for the Prevention of Oxaliplatin Induced Nausea and Vomiting. [NCT00601172]Phase 3710 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-03-10Completed
Single-Dose Fasting In Vivo Bioequivalence Study of Ondansetron Tablets (24 mg; Mylan) and Zofran® Tablets (24 mg; GSK) in Healthy Volunteers [NCT00649532]Phase 128 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-07-31Completed
Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial of Ondansetron in the Control of Chronic Nausea and Vomiting Not Due to Antineoplastic Therapy in Patients With Advanced Cancer [NCT00006348]Phase 3100 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-10-31Completed
Optimizing Anesthesia Antiemetic Measures Versus Combination With Dexamethasone or Ondansetron in the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. [NCT00825071]Phase 4180 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-11-30Completed
The Effect of Intravenous Infusion of Tramadol-ondansetron on Recovery After Caesarean Section. A Prospective, Observational and Non-inferiority Study Against Epidural Analgesia. [NCT05879536]312 participants (Anticipated)Observational2023-05-23Recruiting
Effects of Ondansetron on Gastrointestinal Sensorimotor Dysfunctions in Diabetes Mellitus and Dyspepsia [NCT03865290]Phase 2150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-04-02Recruiting
A Study of Single Dose Intravenous Casopitant in Combination With Ondansetron and Dexamethasone for the Prevention of Cisplatin-Induced Nausea and Vomiting [NCT00891761]Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-30Withdrawn(stopped due to This study has been cancelled prior to enrollment.)
Phase III Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Ramosetron Versus Ondansetron for Radiotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancer [NCT00971399]Phase 3172 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-09-30Completed
Phase III Randomized Control Trial Investigating Olanzapine for the Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients With Gynecologic Malignancies Receiving Every 3-week Carboplatin and Paclitaxel Chemotherapy [NCT04503668]Phase 3170 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-12-28Recruiting
A Multi-center, 2-Part Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics Safety and Tolerability of Aprepitant in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Surgery [NCT00819039]Phase 198 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-26Completed
A Comparison Between Palonosetron And Ondansetron As Prophylaxis Against Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting In Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery: A Randomised Trial [NCT05956899]Phase 474 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-06-01Recruiting
Combined Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism [NCT00768508]Phase 3300 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-09-30Completed
Comparative Study Between Ondansetron, Isopropyl Alcohol Inhalation and Super Hydration in Treatment of Postoperative Emesis After Laparoscopic Appendectomy [NCT04403191]240 participants (Actual)Observational [Patient Registry]2019-03-10Completed
Open-label Randomized, Two Way Crossover Bioequivalence Study to Compare Ondansetron Orally Dissolving FilmStrip 8mg With Zofran Orally Disintegrating Tablets 8 mg in 48 Healthy, Adult, Participants Under Fed Conditions. [NCT01217801]Phase 148 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-10-31Completed
Ondansetron 4 mg vs. 2 mg vs. Metoclopramide 10 mg for Nausea and Vomiting in the Emergency Department: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial [NCT00778011]Phase 4137 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-11-30Completed
Single-Dose Food In Vivo Bioequivalence Study of Ondansetron Tablets (24 mg; Mylan) and Zofran® Tablets (24 mg; GSK) in Healthy Volunteers [NCT00648583]Phase 128 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-07-31Completed
Ondansetron Augmentation in Treatment Resistant Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Preliminary Single-Blind Prospective Study [NCT00796497]Phase 414 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-03-31Completed
Comparative, Randomized, Single-Dose, Cross Over Bioavailability of Kali's Ondansetron 8 mg ODT With That of GlaxoSmithKine's Zofran 8 mg ODT in Healthy, Male and Female Subjects Under Fasting Conditions [NCT00654277]Phase 132 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-08-31Completed
The Effect of Preventive Use of Ondansetron on the Blood Pressure and Vasopressor Consumption in the Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia [NCT02883192]100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-02-29Recruiting
Comparison of Ramosetron With Ondansetron for Prevention of Intrathecal Morphine Induced Nausea and Vomiting After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Control Trial [NCT02830906]Phase 399 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-04-30Completed
Ondansetron With Olanzapine for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence: A Preliminary Clinical Trial [NCT00678457]Phase 240 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-01-31Completed
A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study, Conducted Under In-House Blinding Conditions, to Examine the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of a Single Dose of Intravenous MK-0517 for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Indu [NCT00619359]Phase 32,322 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Completed
A Relative Bioavailability Study of Ondansetron HCl 24 mg Tablets Under Non-Fasting Conditions [NCT00947128]Phase 126 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-30Completed
A Randomized Double-Blind, Sponsor-Open, Double-Dummy, Proof of Concept Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of TAK-951 Versus Ondansetron in the Prophylaxis of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in High-Risk Subjects [NCT04557189]Phase 289 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-10-20Completed
Effect of Ondansetron for Withdrawal Symptoms [NCT00695864]31 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-05-31Completed
Developing Individualized Strategies to Prevent Nausea and Vomiting [NCT01393288]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-11-30Withdrawn
Phase II Study of Avastin, Fluorouracil, Doxorubicin and Streptozocin in Locally Advanced and Metastatic Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors [NCT00609765]Phase 21 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-08-31Terminated(stopped due to Development of new chemotherapy standard of care for treatment rendered the trial obsolete.)
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of AD04 (Ondansetron) in Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and Selected Polymorphisms in the Serotonin Transporter and Receptor Genes [NCT04101227]Phase 3302 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-02-01Completed
Study of Role of Anti-Inflammatory Agents in Patients With Schizophrenia [NCT00929955]Phase 136 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
"Ondansetron for the Treatment of IBS With Diarrhoea (IBS-D): Identifying the Responder" [NCT00745004]Phase 4150 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-31Completed
A Randomized Study Evaluating Preventive Role of Ondansetron Versus Ondansetron Plus Dexamethasone for Postoperative Side Effects of Intrathecal Morphine Injection in Patients Undergoing Elective C-section [NCT02793843]194 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-06-30Completed
[NCT01007500]Phase 4123 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-30Completed
Rescue Emetic Therapy for Children Having Elective Therapy [NCT01067677]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-02-28Withdrawn(stopped due to We do not have the funding or resources to complete the study at this time)
A Phase III, Randomized, Open-label, Active-controlled, Two-arm, Parallel-design, Interventional Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Ondansetron 8 mg IV/ IM Injection Compared to Metoclopramide 10 mg in the Management of Nausea and Vomiti [NCT05876585]Phase 3126 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-06-30Not yet recruiting
Patient Information and Antiemetic Drug Efficacy [NCT00005994]0 participants Interventional2000-08-31Completed
Effectiveness of Aprepitant in Addition to Ondansetron in the Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting Caused by Fractionated Radiotherapy to the Upper Abdomen [NCT00970905]Phase 252 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-10-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Study Conducted Under In-House Blinding Conditions to Determine the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Aprepitant Regimen Compared to Ondansetron Regimen for the Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vo [NCT00090207]Phase 4477 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-01-13Completed
See Detailed Description [NCT00169572]Phase 2492 participants Interventional2005-02-28Completed
Does Prophylactic Ondansetron Reduce Norepinephrine Consumption in Patients Undergoing Caesarean Section With Spinal Anesthesia? [NCT02928601]Phase 4108 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-11-30Completed
Ondansetron in the Prevention of Hypotension in Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial [NCT03973411]Phase 4100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-03-01Recruiting
Alcohol Research Center Grant. Component #1. COMBINING MEDICATIONS: ALCOHOL REACTIVITY AND CONSUMPTION [NCT00183222]Phase 2160 participants Interventional2005-05-31Completed
Parallel, Group, Laboratory-Blinded, Single and Multiple-dose Pharmacokinetic Study of Ondansetron Administered as the Immediate-Release (Zofran) and Modified-Release (EUR1025) Formulations [NCT01036854]Phase 1128 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Completed
A Randomised Trial to Assess the Effectiveness of Pre-treatment With Ondansetron at Reducing Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Treated With Either the Conventional Regimen or a Modified Regimen of Acetylcysteine for Paracetamol Poisoning [NCT01050270]Phase 4222 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-09-30Completed
A Phase 1, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Rate of Nausea in Healthy Premenopausal Female Subjects Treated With a Single Dose of Bremelanotide Alone or With Zofran [NCT03973047]Phase 1228 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-06-17Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active Comparator-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study Conducted Under In-House Blinding Conditions, to Examine the Safety and Tolerability of IV MK0517 for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) [NCT00231777]Phase 3216 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-07-31Completed
Should we Associate Dexamethasone and Ondansetron to Closed-loop Anesthesia to Reduce the Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Bariatric Surgery? [NCT01876290]Phase 4122 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-05-31Completed
A Randomized, Phase IV Trial of Individualized Care Versus Standard Care, in the Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Breast Cancer Patients. The EPIC Study [NCT01913990]Phase 4323 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-09-30Active, not recruiting
Prevention of Intrathecal Morphine Induced Pruritus: Comparison of Ondansetron and Palonosetron [NCT01952626]80 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-04-30Completed
Phase II Randomized Cross-over Study to Evaluate Patient Satisfaction, Efficacy and Compliance of Granisetron Patch vs. Ondansetron in Malignant Glioma Patients Receiving Standard Radiotherapy (RT) and Concomitant Temozolomide (TMZ) [NCT01952886]Phase 20 participants (Actual)InterventionalWithdrawn(stopped due to Lack of approval and funding from company)
Examining the Effect of Ondansetron on Bowel Prep Success [NCT05439772]Phase 441 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-01-01Completed
A Randomized Control Trial Evaluating the Utility of Multimodal Opioid-free Anesthesia on Return of Bowel Function in Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery [NCT04144933]Phase 360 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-05-15Recruiting
THE EFFECT OF THE COMBINATION OF DEXAMETHASONE WITH ONDANSETRON VERSUS DEXAMETHASONE WITH APREPITANT TO PREVENT POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY [NCT02021851]Phase 467 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-07-31Completed
[NCT02026778]168 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-12-31Completed
Efficacy of Ondansetron on Vomiting Due to Acute Gastroenteritis in Pediatric During Winter [NCT02028910]Phase 320 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-01-31Terminated
Does Ondansetron Reduce the Incidence of Vomiting When Used in Conjunction With Ketamine During Procedural Sedation in the Pediatric Emergency Department [NCT00387556]268 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-12-31Completed
Combining Medications Treatment for Alcoholism [NCT00006205]Phase 2320 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2005-03-31Recruiting
Intravenous Granisetron Provides Less Ephedrine Requirement Than Ondansetron in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section With Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomised Placebo-controlled Trial [NCT04613726]Phase 3120 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-12-03Completed
MK0869 and MK0517 Time-on-Target PET Study [NCT01111851]Phase 116 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-04-30Completed
Comparison of Palonosetron and Ondansetron for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Bariatric Surgery [NCT04533867]100 participants (Actual)Observational [Patient Registry]2020-08-15Completed
Inhaled Isopropyl Alcohol for the Treatment of Nausea in a Pediatric Emergency Department: A Open Label, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT05418244]Phase 2/Phase 384 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-04-20Recruiting
Ondanstron Weekly vs Every 3 Weeks for Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting Induced by Chemotherapy Combined With PD-1 Blockade：an Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT06080880]98 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-11-30Not yet recruiting
Prophylactic Analgesic and Antiemetic Regimen for Medical Abortion < 70 Days [NCT05819619]Early Phase 1168 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-07-20Recruiting
Single Dose Crossover Comparative Bioavailability Study To Assess the Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Ondansetron Modified-Release Capsules (EUR1025) in Healthy Male and Female Volunteers [NCT00905190]Phase 122 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Completed
Comparison of Aprepitant PO and Ondansetron IV for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) in Patients Undergoing Orthognathic Surgery and General Anesthesia. [NCT00699894]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-06-30Withdrawn(stopped due to Logistical difficulties running the study)
Efficacy and Safety of the Administration of Ondansetron Versus Habitual Clinical Practice for the Treatment of Vomiting in Children With Mild and Moderate Dehydration: Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT04318847]Phase 4220 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-10-10Not yet recruiting
fMRI Imaging of Opioid Withdrawal in Healthy Human Volunteers [NCT01006707]15 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-11-30Completed
Iinterest of Intravenous Ondansetron in the Prevention of Spinal Anaesthesia-induced Hypotension in Caesarean Section: Double-blind Randomized Controlled Single-centre Study [NCT02862873]7 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-03-31Terminated
Single-Dose Fasting In Vivo Bioequivalence Study of Ondansetron Orally Disintegrating Tablets (8 mg; Mylan) to Zofran ODT® Tablets (8 mg; GlaxoSmithKline) in Healthy Volunteers [NCT00649363]Phase 128 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-07-31Completed
Effects of Addition of Systemic Tramadol or Adjunct Tramadol to Lidocaine Used for Intravenous Regional Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Hand Surgery [NCT02658721]Phase 360 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-31Completed
[NCT00674713]Phase 4140 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-01-31Completed
Granisteron Versus Ondansetron for Prophylaxis Against Post-Spinal Anesthesia Shivering: a Randomized Controlled Study [NCT04294992]180 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-04-01Not yet recruiting
Comparative, Randomized, Single-Dose, Cross Over Bioavailability Study of Kali's Ondansetron ODT 8 mg With That of GlaxoSmithKine's Zofran ODT 8 mg in Healthy Adult Subjects Under Fed Conditions [NCT00653458]Phase 118 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-08-31Completed
Comparative, Randomized, Single-Dose, Cross Over Bioavailability of Kali's Ondansetron 24 mg ODT With That of GlaxoSmithKine's Zofran 24 mg ODT in Healthy, Male and Female Subjects Under Fasting Conditions [NCT00659074]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-10-31Completed
Ondansetron vs Prochlorperazine for Nausea and Vomiting in the Emergency Department [NCT00590317]Phase 264 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-03-31Completed
A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLINDED STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF A STANDARD DOSE OF INTRAVENOUS ONDANSETRON ON THE EFFECTIVE DOSE IN 50% OF SUBJECTS OF PROPHYLACTIC NOREPINEPHRINE INFUSIONS FOR PREVENTING SPINAL ANESTHESIA-INDUCED HYPOTENSION DURING CESAR [NCT04703088]Phase 360 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-06-30Not yet recruiting
An Open-Label, Phase I Study to Assess the Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Repeat Doses of Oral Casopitant and Intravenous and Oral Doses of Dexamethasone and Intravenous and Oral Doses of Ondansetron When Administered in Healthy Adult Subjects [NCT00437229]Phase 137 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-02-19Completed
Effect Of Dexmedetomidine, Dexamethasone And Ondansetron On Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting In Children Undergoing Dental Rehabilitation [NCT05124067]Phase 14 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-10-27Completed
The Ondansetron Premedication Trial in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis [NCT04169828]176 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-08-02Recruiting
Ondansetron for Bipolar Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorders [NCT02082678]Phase 470 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-28Completed
A Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Study of the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK) Inhibitor SCH 727965 Administered Every 3 Weeks in Subjects With Advanced Malignancies [NCT00871910]Phase 181 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-10-11Completed
A Comparison of the Combination of Aprepitant and Dexamethasone Versus the Combination of Ondansetron and Dexamethasone for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy [NCT00734929]Phase 4115 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-09-30Completed
Prevention of Nausea and Vomitting Associated With Stem Cell Transplant: Results of a Prospective, Randomized Trial of Aprepitant Used With Highly Emetogenic Preparative Regimens [NCT00781768]Phase 4181 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-08-31Completed
Palonosetron Versus Ondansetron for PONV Prevention in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography ERCP: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study [NCT04576390]Phase 490 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-10-24Not yet recruiting
Comparative Randomized Controlled Trial Study of General Balanced Anesthesia Based on Opioid and Opioid Sparing Balanced Anesthesia for Cholecystectomy Surgery Via Laparoscopy: Intraoperative and Postoperative Outcomes [NCT02953210]Phase 440 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-11-30Enrolling by invitation
Effects of Inhaled Ondansetron on Perceived Respiratory Discomfort (Dyspnea) During Exercise in the Presence of External Thoracic Restriction [NCT01851993]Early Phase 130 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-06-30Completed
Ondansetron Administration to WELL Children With Gastroenteritis Associated Vomiting in Emergency Departments in Pakistan [NCT01870635]Phase 4625 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-31Completed
Ondansetron Administration to Children With Gastroenteritis, Vomiting and SOME Dehydration in Emergency Departments in Pakistan [NCT01870648]Phase 4918 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-31Completed
A Proof of Principle Study of Ondansetron for the Prevention of Vasovagal Syncope: The Eleventh Prevention of Syncope Trial (POST11) [NCT05755737]Phase 270 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-06-01Not yet recruiting
Using Pharmacogenomics (PGx) Results to Guide Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Treatment Practices: A Pilot Study [NCT03503292]Phase 492 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-05-02Completed
Ondansetron Versus Dexamethasone/Ondansetron to Treat Acute Nausea in the Emergency Department [NCT02985840]Phase 4127 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-01-28Terminated(stopped due to Unable to access EMR for patients enrolled prior to 8/2015 for data collection)
A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active Controlled, Parallel Group Study of the Safety and Efficacy of the Intravenous and Oral Formulations of the Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist Casopitant (GW679769) in Combination With Ondansetron a [NCT00366834]Phase 31,840 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-07-31Completed
The Effect of Oral Ondansetron During Intramuscular Ketamine Use in Children [NCT01477242]266 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-11-30Recruiting
A Pilot Study of Aprepitant Versus Ondansetron for the Treatment of Opioid Induced Nausea and Vomiting [NCT00499668]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-08-31Withdrawn(stopped due to slow accrual)
Intravenous Versus Intraperitoneal Instillation of Ondansetron for Decreasing Incidence of Nausea and Vomiting After Laparoscopic Gynecological Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled Study [NCT05317611]Early Phase 163 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-04-01Not yet recruiting
An Open-Label, Randomized, Single Dose, 3-period Crossover Study to Determine the Bioequivalence of 3 Formulations of Ondansetron in Healthy Young Adult Male and Female Subjects [NCT00971633]Phase 112 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-11-30Completed
Study to Evaluate the Anti-emetic Effect of Aprepitant as an add-on Therapy in Children and Adolescents Receiving AML Remission Induction Chemotherapy: An Investigator-initiated, Randomized, Open Label Trial [NCT02979548]Phase 3116 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-11-30Recruiting
Reduction in Spinal-induced Hypotension With Ondansetron in Parturients Undergoing Caesarean Section: A Double-blind Randomised, Placebo-controlled Study [NCT02913768]Phase 4160 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-10-31Completed
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Dimenydrinate vs Ondasetron on the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting [NCT05590936]190 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-01-01Completed
The Effects of Droperidol and Ondansetron on Dispersion of Myocardial Repolarization in Children [NCT00624208]80 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Completed
Inhibition of Small Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Current: A New Therapeutic Approach for Atrial Fibrillation [NCT05844501]Phase 480 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-11-01Recruiting
MyRisk: Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Oral Akynzeo® in Patients Receiving MEC at High Risk of Developing CINV Based on a Prediction Tool: A Multinational and Multicenter Study [NCT04817189]Phase 4530 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-02-01Recruiting
Open-label, Randomized, Three-way Crossover Bioavailability Study Comparing Ondansetron Orally Dissolving Filmstrip (ODFS) With and Without Water to Zofran Orally Dissolving Tablets (ODT) Without Water in Healthy Adult Study Participants [NCT01220167]Phase 118 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-08-31Completed
Comparison of Anti-nausea and Vomiting Effect After Elective Surgery Undergoing General Anesthesia Between Glycopyrronium and Ondansetron: a Multi-center Study [NCT05265507]Phase 4480 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-03-21Recruiting
A Phase II Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Dose-ranging, Parallel Group Study of the Safety and Efficacy of the Oral NeuroKinin-1 Receptor Antagonist, GW679769 in Combination With Ondansetron Hydrochloride and Dexamethasone for [NCT00104403]Phase 2722 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-12-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study, Conducted Under In-House Blinding Conditions, to Examine the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Aprepitant for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Associated W [NCT00080444]Phase 350 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-04-30Completed
Randomized Trial of the Oral Disintegrating Ondansetron Tablet to Reduce Vomiting From Acute Gastroenteritis in a Pediatric Emergency Department [NCT00120744]0 participants Interventional2004-01-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active Comparator-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study, Conducted Under In-House Blinding Conditions, to Examine the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of 2 Doses of Aprepitant for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomitin [NCT00090246]Phase 3922 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-05-13Completed
A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of the Oral Neurokinin-1 Antagonist, Aprepitant, in Combination With Ondansetron and Dexamethasone in Patients Undergoing Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT00314743]Early Phase 148 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-10-31Completed
An International, Multicenter, Open-label Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, Biodistribution, Dosimetry and Preliminary Efficacy of 177Lu-OPS201 for the Therapy of Somatostatin Receptor-positive Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) [NCT02592707]Phase 1/Phase 240 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-03-06Terminated(stopped due to Terminated (Due to small number of ongoing patients. Patients ongoing at time of termination could choose to join study D-FR-01072-004 for long term follow-up.)
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active Comparator-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study, Conducted Under In-House Blinding Conditions, to Examine the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of 2 Doses of Aprepitant for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomitin [NCT00090155]Phase 3805 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-09-26Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Study Conducted Under In-House Blinding Conditions to Determine the Efficacy and Tolerability of Aprepitant for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Associated With Moderately Emetogenic Che [NCT00092183]Phase 4866 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-10-10Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Ondansetron and Promethazine in the Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting in the Emergency Department [NCT00429832]Phase 4120 participants Interventional2003-10-31Completed
A Phase III Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Parallel Group Study of the Efficacy and Safety of the Intravenous and Oral Formulations of the Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist, Casopitant, Administered in Combination With ZOFRAN and [NCT00431236]Phase 3810 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-06Completed
A Pilot Study to Determine the Pruritic Benefits of Ondansetron Versus Diphenhydramine in Burn Patients Undergoing Wound Healing [NCT00137202]36 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-06-30Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Dose-ranging, Parallel Group Phase II Study to Evaluate the Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of the Oral Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist, GW679769, When Administered With Intravenous Ondan [NCT00108095]Phase 2701 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-10-31Completed
Phase II Randomized, Double-Blinded Study of an Antiemetic Pump, Using Benadryl®, Avitan® and Decadron® (BAD), for Children Receiving Moderately or Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy [NCT00429702]Phase 27 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Terminated(stopped due to Closed due to poor accrual and lack of feasibility to finish study per DSMB)
1/2 - Pharmacogenetic Treatments for Alcoholism [NCT01591291]Phase 2/Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-06-30Withdrawn(stopped due to Grant was transferred to University of Maryland and results were reported under NCT02354703.)
The Effect of Adding Metoclopramide and Ondansetron to a Prophylactic Phenylephrine Infusion for the Management of Nausea and Vomiting Associated With Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section [NCT01216410]306 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-12-31Completed
Ondansetron for Postspinal Anesthesia Hypotension in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section: A Randomized, Controlled Trial [NCT05475873]120 participants (Actual)Interventional2023-06-18Completed
Phase II Randomized Study to Evaluate Efficacy, Patient Satisfaction, and Compliance of the Oral Combination of Rolapitant (Varubi®) Plus Ondansetron vs. Ondansetron Monotherapy in Malignant Glioma Patients Receiving Radiotherapy (RT) and Concomitant Temo [NCT02991456]Phase 248 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-09Completed
[NCT00199329]160 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-01-31Completed
A Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of the Addition of Aprepitant to the Cisplatin - Etoposide (CE) Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Lung Carcinoma (ACE). [NCT00588835]Phase 420 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-03-31Terminated
Open-Label Randomized, Single Oral Dose, Two-Way Crossover Bioequivalence Study Comparing Ondansetron Orally Dissolving Film Strip 8 mg With Zofran Orally Disintegrating Tablets (ODT) (Containing Ondansetron 8 mg) in Healthy Adults [NCT01217190]Phase 1/Phase 248 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-09-16Completed
Open Label, Balanced, Randomized, Two-treatment, Two-period, Two Sequence, Single Dose, Crossover, Oral Bioequivalence Study of Ondansetron Hydrochloride Tablets 8 mg With Zofran® (Containing Ondansetron Hydrochloride Dihydrate) Tablets 8 mg in Healthy, A [NCT01511705]Phase 126 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-10-31Completed
Open Label, Balanced, Randomized, Two-treatment, Two-period, Two Sequence, Single Dose, Crossover, Oral Bioequivalence Study of Ondansetron Hydrochloride Tablets 8 mg With Zofran® (Containing Ondansetron Hydrochloride Dihydrate) Tablets 8 mg in Healthy, A [NCT01511718]Phase 126 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-10-31Completed
Evaluating Pain Outcomes of Caudal vs Ilioinguinal Nerve Block in Children Undergoing Orchiopexy Repair [NCT03041935]90 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-09-01Completed
An Open Label, Balanced, Randomised, Two-treatment, Two-period, Two-sequence, Single-dose, Crossover Bioavailability Study Comparing Ondansetron 8 mg Orally Disintegrating Tablets of OHM Laboratories Inc (A Subsidiary of Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals Inc,) With [NCT01523093]32 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-07-31Completed
To Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Ramosetron, Aprepitant and Dexamethasone Therapy vs Ondansetron, Aprepitant and Dexamethasone Therapy for Preventing of Nausea and Vomiting in Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy (ROAD Study) [NCT01536691]Phase 3338 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-06-30Recruiting
[NCT01543945]Phase 2340 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-03-31Completed
5HT3 Antagonism and Auditory Gating in Schizophrenia [NCT00018850]0 participants Interventional1998-06-30Completed
[NCT00027079]Phase 2360 participants Interventional2001-09-30Completed
An Open Label, Balanced, Randomised, Two-treatment, Two-period, Two-sequence, Single-dose, Crossover Bioavailability Study Comparing Ondansetron 8 mg Orally Disintegrating Tablets of Ohm Laboratories (A Subsidiary of Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals USA) With Zofr [NCT01523119]35 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-07-31Completed
Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Ondansetron for the Treatment of Cocaine Dependence [NCT00033085]Phase 260 participants Interventional2001-05-31Completed
A Randomized Phase III Double-Blind Study Of Ondansetron And Dexamethasone Versus Ondansetron And Placebo In The Prophylaxis Of Radiation-Induced Emesis [NCT00016380]Phase 3211 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-02-28Completed
A Double-blinded, Randomized Control Trial of Prophylactic Ondansetron in a Post-operative Cardiac Surgery Population for Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting [NCT02966041]186 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-03-06Completed
The Efficacy of Adjunctive Use of Ondansetron in Patients With Sepsis and Septic Shock [NCT05402553]Phase 1/Phase 240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-04-24Recruiting
The Effect of an Ondansetron on Blood Coagulation: In Vitro, Volunteer Study Using Rotational Thromboelastometry [NCT04499274]12 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-09-16Recruiting
Hyoscine Butyl-bromide Versus Ondansetron for Nausea and Vomiting During Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT04785118]Phase 4165 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-10-01Completed
Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose Response Trial of Ondansetron for the Treatment of Methamphetamine Dependence. [NCT00040053]Phase 2154 participants Interventional2002-06-30Completed
Treatment of Delayed Nausea: What Works Best? [NCT00020657]Phase 30 participants Interventional2001-07-31Completed
An Open-label, Randomised Study Comparing the Uptake of rIL-2 in HIV-1 Infected Individuals Receiving Different Combinations of Antiemetics and Analgesic Agents During rIL-2 Dosing in ESPRIT: Toxicity Substudy of ESPRIT: TOXIL-2 Substudy [NCT00147355]Phase 328 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-11-30Terminated(stopped due to 28 of 168 patients only were enrolled, numbers too low to be conclusive)
A Randomized Phase II Trial of Acupressure and Acustimulation Wrist Bands for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting [NCT00003817]Phase 2700 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1999-10-31Completed
A Randomized Trial to Evaluate Resolution of Symptoms Using Vestibular Rehab Versus Conventional Therapy in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) With Diagnosis of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) [NCT00641797]26 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-30Completed
Efficacy of Opioid-free Anesthesia in Reducing Postoperative Respiratory Depression in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy: a Pilot Study [NCT02987985]Phase 350 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-15Completed
Prevention of DMSO-Related Nausea and Vomiting by Prophylactic Administration of Ondansetron for Patients Receiving Autologous Cryopreserved Peripheral Blood Stem Cells [NCT00795769]Phase 249 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-08-08Completed
Neostigmine Effect on Gastric Residual Volume on Mechanically Ventilated Patients in the Intensive Care Unit. A Comparative Controlled Study by Ondansetron [NCT05342818]Phase 290 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-04-15Completed
Pilot Study on the Efficacy of an Ondansetron Versus Palonosetron-containing Antiemetic Regimen Prior to Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy(HEC). [NCT01640340]40 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-01-31Completed
Efficacy of Pre-operative Aprepitant Plus Ondansetron vs Ondansetron Plus Placebo in Patients at Moderate-to-High Risk Post-operative Nausea (PONV) Undergoing Ambulatory Plastic Surgery [NCT00659945]Phase 4150 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-06-30Completed
Study to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of 2 Different Doses of Inhaled D8-THC to Standard Therapy With Ondansetron in the Prevention of Acute Nausea From Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy [NCT00285051]Phase 26 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-11-30Terminated(stopped due to Study drug expiry date not extended)
Atypical Antipsychotics and P50 Sensory Gating [NCT00149734]Phase 38 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-01-31Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Single-blind, Active-controlled, Parallel Group, Phase II Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of a Single Intravenous (6 mg, 12 mg, 18 mg, 24 mg or 36 mg) Dose of the Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist, Vestip [NCT01507194]Phase 2131 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-02-29Completed
Pharmacologic MRI in Cocaine-addiction [NCT01652378]12 participants (Actual)Observational2012-08-31Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Paralleled-group, Active-controlled, Phase IV Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Sancuso Patch (Granisetron) in Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Associated With the Administration of Highly E [NCT01659775]Phase 4389 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-08-31Completed
Efficacy of Aprepitant (Emend®) in Children Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy [NCT01661335]Phase 319 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-06-01Completed
Is Zofran Superior to Pyridoxine at Reducing Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy [NCT01668069]36 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-10-31Completed
Effects of Different Kinds, Different Doses of 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists on Prevention of Hypotension After Spinal Anesthesia [NCT01669213]100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-08-31Active, not recruiting
Antagonism Research Between Antiemetics Agents (Droperidol, Dexametasone, Ondansetron) and Acetaminophen in Thyroidectomy's Post-operative Analgesia. [NCT01679093]Phase 366 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
Randomized, Prospective, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study of Ondansetron in the Prevention of Sleep Syncope: The Nineth Prevention of Syncope Trial (POST9) [NCT05657925]Phase 324 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-12-01Not yet recruiting
IRB-HSR# 14583: Intravenous Ondansetron to Attenuate the Hypotensive, Bradycardic Response to Spinal Anesthesia in Healthy Parturients [NCT01414777]Phase 2/Phase 368 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-11-30Completed
Improving Tolerance of Treatment of Pulmonary Mycobacterium Avium Complex Infections [NCT01719042]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-31Withdrawn(stopped due to No recruitment was achievable)
Postoperative Vomiting in Children: Evaluation of the Addition of Droperidol to Conventional Bi-prophylaxis [NCT01739985]322 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-12-31Completed
Oral Granisetron Versus Oral Ondansetron for Treatment of Gastroenteritis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT06175806]160 participants (Actual)Interventional2023-09-10Completed
Safety and Feasibility Study of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol in Patients Undergoing Elective Pancreaticoduodenectomy. [NCT01759706]123 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-10-31Completed
Clinical Predictors and Epigenetic Markers for Liver Fibrosis in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency [NCT01810458]109 participants (Actual)Observational2013-10-31Completed
Ondansetron for Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury; a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. [NCT01815125]Phase 116 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-03-31Completed
The Influence of Droperidol on Cardiac Repolarization. A Double-blind, Ondansetron-controlled Study. [NCT01819857]Phase 475 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-06-30Completed
A Single Arm Study to Evaluate the Control of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients Receiving R-CHOP. [NCT01843868]130 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-05-31Not yet recruiting
Prevention of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome [NCT01801475]Phase 1/Phase 2100 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-31Completed
Efficacy, Safety and Feasibility of Fosaprepitant for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting in Pediatric Patients With Solid Tumors Receiving Moderately and Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy [NCT04508400]Phase 2108 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-09-01Not yet recruiting
A Randomized Control Equivalence Study of Emergency Medical Services Use of Isopropyl Alcohol Aromatherapy Versus Ondansetron for Treatment of Pre-hospital Nausea [NCT02618343]51 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-10-04Completed
Comparative Study of Superficial Cervical Plexus Block and Nerve of Arnold Block With Intravenous Antiemetic Drugs Dexamethasone and Ondansetron and Incidence of Post-operative Nausea Vomiting for Inner Ear Surgery [NCT02724033]Phase 437 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-31Terminated(stopped due to PI has left Riley Anesthesia. Lack of staff for continued recruitment)
Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Phase 2 Trial of BEKINDA (Ondansetron 12 mg Bimodal Release Tablets) for Diarrhea Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-D) [NCT02757105]Phase 2127 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-19Completed
A Randomized Open Label Phase II Trial of Aprepitant (Emend) in Combination With Ondansetron Compared to Standard 5HT3 Serotonin Antagonist (Ondansetron) in the Prevention of Acute and Delayed Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) in Glioma Pati [NCT01450826]Phase 2136 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-06-24Completed
Dexmedetomidine Versus Dexamethasone Adding to Ondansetron for Prophylaxis Against Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy [NCT06017167]Phase 270 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-09-15Recruiting
Analgesic Effect of Single Dose Intravenous Acetaminophen in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Tonsillectomy [NCT01691690]Phase 2250 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-10-31Completed
Effects of Pgp Transporter Inhibition on CNS Biodistribution of Ondansetron in Healthy Volunteers [NCT03809234]Phase 114 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-05-20Terminated(stopped due to Adverse effects related to study procedure (not study drug))
The Effect of Ondansetron on Cardiac Output in Elective Cesarean Deliveries Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01841606]Phase 257 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-03-31Completed
Effects of Ondansetron, Metoclopramide and Granisetron on Perioperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergone Bariatric Surgery: a Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT05087615]Phase 3130 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-03-01Completed
Paracetamol and Setrons : Drug Interactions in the Management of Pain After Tonsillectomy in Children [NCT01432977]Phase 372 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-09-30Completed
Comparison of Three Different Prophylactic Treatments of PONV in Children [NCT01434017]Phase 4300 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-11-30Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Four-period Crossover Study to Investigate the Effect of Intravenous Ondansetron, a 5-HT3 Antagonist, on Cardiac Conduction as Compared to Placebo and Moxifloxacin in Healthy Adult Subjects [NCT01449188]Phase 160 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-08-16Completed
Ondansetron as a Strategy for Reducing Propofol Injection Pain in Pediatrics: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05378113]Phase 2120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-05-18Recruiting
Does Higher Operation Theatre Ambient Temperature and Intravenous Ondansetron Prophylaxis Reduce Incidence of Post-spinal Shivering in Obstetric Population? A Double-blind, Randomised, Factorial Study. [NCT04654429]Phase 4628 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-10-13Recruiting
Is Intra-operative Acupuncture Point P6 Stimulation as Effective as Traditional Pharmacotherapy in Reducing Nausea and Vomiting During Cesarean Section With Regional Anesthesia? [NCT02959840]Phase 4180 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-07-31Completed
The Effect of Intravenous Ondansetron on Reducing Hypotension Due to Bone Cement Syndrome in Total Knee Prosthesis Surgery [NCT05405608]1 participants (Anticipated)Observational2022-06-30Not yet recruiting
The Effects of Ondansetron on Myocardial Repolarization in Children Receiving Chemotherapy [NCT01896440]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-10-31Withdrawn(stopped due to FDA did not approve)
Pharmacological Treatment for Alcoholism [NCT00382642]Phase 3283 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-06-30Completed
Ondansetron Pharmacotherapy for Hazardous Drinking in HIV+, African-American Women [NCT01254877]Phase 2357 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-12-31Completed
Triage Administration of Ondansetron for Gastroenteritis in Children; a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03052361]Phase 2/Phase 381 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-07-15Terminated(stopped due to The recruitment was much slower than expected and the COVID pandemic added new barriers to recruitment.)
Regional Anesthesia for Breast Cancer Surgery, Effects on Postoperative Wellbeing and Disease Recurrence. [NCT03117894]200 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-05-23Completed
5-HT3 Antagonists (Antiemetics) and Cardiac Safety Using an Active Surveillance Approach [NCT02436798]266 participants (Actual)Observational2014-06-30Completed
Trial of Capsaicin Cream as an Adjunctive Therapy for Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy: A Pilot Investigation [NCT05098067]Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-05-24Recruiting
Mode of Action of Ondansetron, a 5-HT Receptor 3 Antagonist, in Lactulose Induced Diarrhoea [NCT03833999]Phase 416 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-10-16Completed
Noninvasive Markers of Functional Nausea in Children [NCT03593811]130 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-08-03Enrolling by invitation
Phase 1 Open-Label Randomized 4 Period Crossover Study Comparing Safety, Tolerability and PK of Ondansetron Given Subcutaneously With Hylenex Recombinant and Given Alone Intramuscularly, Intravenously and Orally in Healthy Volunteers [NCT01572012]Phase 112 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-02-29Completed
A Randomized, Open Label, Balanced, Two-Treatment, Two-Period, Two-Sequence, Single Dose, Crossover, Bioequivalence Study of Ondansetron Tablets USP 8 mg With Zofran® 8 mg in Normal, Healthy, Adult, Human Subjects Under Fasting Condition. [NCT01578252]Phase 148 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-05-31Completed
A Randomized, Open Label, Balanced, Two-Treatment, Two-Period, Two-Sequence, Single Dose, Crossover, Bioequivalence Study of Ondansetron Tablets USP 8 mg With Zofran® 8 mg in Normal, Healthy, Adult, Human Subjects Under Fed Condition. [NCT01578265]Phase 148 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-05-31Completed
Comparison of the Effects of Palonosetron + Dexamethazone, Ondansetron + Dexamethazone and Dexametazone Alone Against Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery [NCT05439798]Phase 366 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-06-01Enrolling by invitation
Validating the Effect of Ondansetron and Mirtazapine in Treating Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Double-Blind Randomised Placebo-Controlled Multicentre Trial [NCT03785691]Phase 258 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-03-01Terminated(stopped due to Recruiting difficulties)
Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Study of Ondansetron and Simvastatis Added to Treatment as Usual in Patients With Schizophrenia [NCT01602029]Phase 2303 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
Phase II Trial Investigating Tailoring First-Line Therapy For Advanced Stage Diffuse Large B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Based on Mid-Treatment Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan Results [NCT00324467]Phase 2150 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-08-31Active, not recruiting
Cardiac Index Changes With Ephedrine, Phenylephrine, Ondansetron and Norepinephrine During Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarian Section [NCT03421860]Phase 4120 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-02-23Completed
Role of Metabolites in Nicotine Dependence (3) [NCT00000289]Phase 20 participants Interventional1998-05-31Completed
A Korean Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Tolerability of Aprepitant for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in the First Cycle of Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapies (MEC, Non-AC R [NCT01636947]Phase 4494 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-12-12Completed
Efficacy and Safety Addition of Low Dose Olanzapine to the Standard Prophylaxis of Nausea and Vomiting Induced by Highly-emetogenic Chemotherapy in Children and Adolescents (OZONE-V) [NCT05346731]Phase 3210 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-04-01Recruiting
Olanzapine for the Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) in Patients Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy (HEC): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial [NCT02116530]Phase 3401 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-08-31Completed
Pharmacological Treatment for Alcoholism [NCT00000443]Phase 20 participants InterventionalCompleted
Real-time Decision Support for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Prophylaxis [NCT02625181]27,034 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-07-31Completed
A Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Effect of a Single Dose of TAK-058 and Ondansetron on P50 Auditory Gating in Subjects With Stable Schizophrenia [NCT02614586]Phase 111 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-31Terminated
A Pilot Study of Aprepitant vs. Placebo Combined With Standard Antiemetics for the Control of Nausea and Vomiting During Hematopoietic Cell Transplatation(HCT) [NCT00248547]40 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-05-31Completed
Efficacy of Palonosetron in the Prevention of Acute and Delayed Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Following Dose Dense Adriamycin-Cyclophosphamide Chemotherapy in Early Stage Breast Cancer Patients [NCT00343863]41 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-01-31Completed
Efficacy of Ondansetron Versus Paracetamol for Prevention of Post-Operative Shivering [NCT04682743]Early Phase 1120 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-01-06Completed
The Effects of Ondansetron on Brain Function [NCT02460341]Phase 154 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-08-31Completed
A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active Comparator-Controlled Parallel-Group Study, Conducted Under In-House Blinding Conditions, to Examine the Efficacy and Safety of a Single 150 mg Dose of Intravenous Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine for the Prevention [NCT01594749]Phase 31,015 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-09-24Completed
A Phase III Study of Pre-operative Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks Using the Nimbus Ambulatory Infusion System in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Free Flap-based Breast Reconstruction [NCT02601027]Phase 3120 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-30Completed
Comparison of Ondansetron Versus Domperidone for Treating Vomiting in Acute Gastroenteritis in Children At a Resource Limited Setting [NCT05076461]300 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-07-01Completed
BMT-08: A Comparative Effectiveness Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Transdermal Granisetron to Ondansetron in the Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Preparative Chemotherapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT04150614]Phase 490 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-05-14Recruiting
Intraoperative Lidocaine Infusion vs. Esmolol Infusion for Postoperative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: a Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT02327923]Phase 490 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-01-31Completed
Oral Ondansetron Versus Transdermal Granisetron (Sancuso) for Women With Cervical, Endometrial or Vaginal Cancer Receiving Pelvic Chemoradiation [NCT01536392]Phase 376 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-03-31Completed
5HT3 Antagonists to Treat Opioid Withdrawal and to Prevent the Progression of Physical Dependence [NCT01549652]133 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-04-30Completed
A Multicenter, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Randomized, Parallel Group, Stratified Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a Single IV Dose of Palonosetron Compared to a Single IV Dose of Ondansetron to Prevent Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Ped [NCT01395901]Phase 3670 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-06-30Completed
Aprepitant Versus Ondansetron in Preoperative Triple-therapy Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting [NCT01474915]Phase 4122 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-06-30Completed
A Phase 3 Clinical Study Protocol: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Phase 3 Study of APF530 500 mg SC, Fosaprepitant 150 mg IV, and Dexamethasone vs. Ondansetron 0.15 mg/kg IV, Fosaprepitant 150 mg IV, and Dexameth [NCT02106494]Phase 3942 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-03-31Completed
"Olanzapine for Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting in Children and Adolescents Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy (HEC): An Investigator Initiated, Randomized, Open-label Trial (PRaCTiCE Trial: PRevention of ChemoTherapy Induced Emesis in Children)" [NCT03219710]Phase 3240 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-07-01Completed
Ultrasound-guided Block of the Saphenous Nerve and Obturator Nerve, Posterior Branch, for Postoperative Pain Management After Ambulatory Knee Arthroscopy [NCT01837394]Phase 460 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-08-31Completed
[NCT03017222]80 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-09-07Completed
Phase II, Open, Randomized Comparative Trial of Two Different Schedules of Palonosetron Versus Ondansetron for the Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies Receiving Regimens Containing High-dose Cytarabine [NCT01031498]Phase 2150 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-09-30Completed
Chewing Gum for Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting After Elective Caesarean Section Under Spinal Anaesthesia: A Randomised Controlled Trial [NCT04191694]284 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-10-28Recruiting
Neurobiological, Cognitive-affective and Behavioral Changes Following Exposure to Either Sevoflurane- or Propofol-based Anesthesia in Children Undergoing MRI [NCT03022240]Phase 350 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-01-31Completed
Hemodynamic Protection of Preoperative Ondansetron 15 Minutes Before Spinal Anaesthesia in Caesarean Section, a Prospective, Randomized Double Blind Study [NCT04140058]Phase 3151 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-02Completed
Effects of Ondansetron in Obsessive-compulsive and Tic Disorders [NCT03239210]Phase 4110 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-06-16Completed
Effect of a 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist on Respiratory Drive in Spontaneously Breathing Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): a Pilot Proof-of-concept Crossover Non-randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05514483]Phase 410 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-11-10Recruiting
New Medication Treatment for Stimulant Dependence [NCT00689572]Phase 2108 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-07-31Completed
A Randomized, Double Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Trial Comparing Ondansetron, Metoclopramide and Promethazine for the Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting in the Adult Emergency Department. [NCT00655642]171 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Terminated(stopped due to Conditional analysis showed observed differences were significantly less than power calculations)
Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Surgical Patients [NCT00757822]216 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-12-31Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Multimodal Analgesia Used in Patients With Microvascular Decompression [NCT03152955]Phase 490 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-05-15Active, not recruiting
A Prospective Evaluation of an Anesthesia Protocol to Reduce Post-operative and Post-discharge Nausea and Vomiting in a High Risk Orthognathic Surgery Population [NCT01592708]233 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-06-30Completed
Comparative Study Between Nefopam and Ondansteron for Prevention of Post Spinal Shivering. A Randomized Controlled Trial. [NCT04870541]Phase 4150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-12-01Recruiting
A Randomized Study to Determine the Efficacy and Tolerability of Olanzapine for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Chinese Breast Cancer Patients [NCT03079219]Phase 3120 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-03-23Completed
Ephedrine Versus Ondansetron in the Prevention of Hypotension During Cesarean Delivery: a Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled Trial [NCT05127876]Phase 4168 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-01-10Completed
A Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study To Evaluate The Efficacy And Safety Of Low-Dose Ondansetron For Adjunctive Therapy In Adult Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Who Have Not Adequately Responded To [NCT01275248]Phase 2130 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-01-31Terminated(stopped due to lack of efficacy)
Antiemetic Prophylaxis for Postdischarge Nausea and Vomiting After Hip Arthroscopy [NCT00878228]Phase 498 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-04-30Completed
Median Nerve Acustimulation Plus Medical Anti-emetic Therapy for Control Post-operative Nausea in Patients Undergoing Foregut Surgery: A Randomized Control Trial [NCT01510379]100 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-08-31Completed
AIM 2- Prevention of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome [NCT01965704]Phase 2196 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-09-09Completed
Intravenous Dextrose Versus Ondansetron for Prevention of Postoperative Vomiting in Children: a Randomized Non-inferiority Trial [NCT01912807]300 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-12-31Completed
Comparative Effectiveness of N-acetyl Cysteine, Acetyl L- Carnitine and Medicated Paraffin Oil in Acute Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning: A Clinical Trial [NCT04509258]Phase 4100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-10-31Not yet recruiting
Randomised, Double-blind, Dose-finding Phase II Study to Assess the Efficacy of APD403 in the Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting Caused by Cisplatin- or Anthracycline/Cyclophosphamide (AC)-Based Chemotherapy [NCT01857232]Phase 2342 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-10-31Completed
The Check Trial: A Comparison of Headache Treatment in the ED: Compazine Versus Ketamine. A Multi-Center, Randomized Double-Blind, Clinical Control Trial. [NCT02657031]Phase 454 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-03-17Completed
Prospective Study of Ondissolve in the Prophylaxis/Rescue of Radiation Induced Nausea and Vomiting - a Phase II Study [NCT02006056]Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-11-30Completed
A Phase IIb, Partially-Blinded, Randomized, Active Comparator-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics, Safety, and Tolerability of Aprepitant in Pediatric Patients for the Prevention of Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting [NCT01732458]Phase 2229 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-02-12Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Two Different Doses of Palonosetron Compared to Ondansetron in the Prevention of CINV in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Single and Repeated Cycles of MEC o [NCT01442376]Phase 3502 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-09-30Completed
Double Blinded Study Ondansetron's Opposite Effect on Postoperative Analgesia of Acetaminophen [NCT02296333]Phase 480 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-31Completed
Comparison of Preoperative Intravenous Fluid Loading and Ondansetron in Reduction of Incidence Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study [NCT03141645]171 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-06-20Completed
A Cohort Study Evaluating the Efficacy of PO Magnesium in the Treatment of Acute Traumatic Brain Injury in Adolescents [NCT03475693]Early Phase 117 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-09-01Completed
Efficacy of Intraperitoneal Ondansetron Administration on Pain Relief After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy [NCT04468685]Phase 250 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-07-15Completed
Effects of Rolapitant on Nausea/Vomiting in Patients With Sarcoma Receiving Multi-Day Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy (HEC) With Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide Regimen (AI) [NCT02732015]Phase 237 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-10-12Terminated(stopped due to Terminated per PI's request)
Administration of Ondansetron With P-glycoprotein Inhibitor Tariquidar in Patients With Neuropathic Pain [NCT04603066]Phase 1/Phase 223 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-01-31Completed
A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Crossover Study in Healthy Adult Subjects to Investigate the Effect of Intravenous APD421, With and Without Ondansetron, on Cardiac Conduction [NCT03583489]Phase 130 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-07-17Completed
Hepatic Cytochrome Drug Interactions in Emergency Department Patients [NCT01859715]502 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-06-30Completed
Prophylactic Antiemetic Efficacy of Palonosetron Versus Ondansetron for Cesarean Sections Under Regional Anesthesia: Study Single Center, Prospective, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled [NCT02468323]Phase 4150 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-10-31Completed
Randomized Controlled Trial Examining Effect Of Endotracheal Tube Intubation On Dysphagia In Children Presenting For Upper GI Endoscopy [NCT02460055]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-03-31Withdrawn(stopped due to no subject met enrollment criteria)
Multi-dose Oral Ondansetron For Pediatric Gastroenteritis: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03851835]Phase 31,030 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-09-04Recruiting
A Phase IIb, Partially-Blinded, Randomized, Active Comparator-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics, Safety, and Tolerability of Fosaprepitant in Pediatric Patients for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomitin [NCT01697579]Phase 2240 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-12-13Completed
Effect of Ondansetron on Spinal-induced Hypotension by Using Bupivacaine -Dexmedetomidine Mixture Intrathecally for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy [NCT04891484]Early Phase 190 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-04-01Completed
Ondansetron and the QT Interval In Adult Emergency Department Patients [NCT01759420]28 participants (Actual)Observational2012-12-31Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT00149734 (1) [back to overview]P50 Sensory Gating
NCT00231777 (4) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Laboratory Adverse Experiences (LAEs)
NCT00231777 (4) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Serious CAEs
NCT00231777 (4) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Drug-related CAEs
NCT00231777 (4) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Clinical Adverse Experiences (CAEs)
NCT00248547 (1) [back to overview]Number of Emesis Free Participants During the Study Period.
NCT00337727 (2) [back to overview]Number of Patients Who Reported No Vomiting
NCT00337727 (2) [back to overview]Number of Patients Who Reported Complete Response
NCT00343863 (8) [back to overview]Quality of Life
NCT00343863 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants That Had Emesis Within 48 Hours of Chemotherapy
NCT00343863 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants That Had First Administration of Rescue Medication Within 48 Hours
NCT00343863 (8) [back to overview]Severity of Nausea
NCT00343863 (8) [back to overview]Number of Days With Emetic Episodes and Rescue Medicines
NCT00343863 (8) [back to overview]Side Effects of Antiemetic Medications Used
NCT00343863 (8) [back to overview]Count of Patients Achieving a Complete Response
NCT00343863 (8) [back to overview]Count of Patients Achieving Complete Response
NCT00429702 (2) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients Requiring Rescue Medication for Breakthrough Nausea or Emesis During Inpatient Chemotherapy
NCT00429702 (2) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients Requiring Rescue Medication for Breakthrough Nausea or Emesis After Completion of the First Course of Emetogenic Chemotherapy
NCT00590317 (3) [back to overview]Vomiting at 0 to 120 Min.
NCT00590317 (3) [back to overview]Nausea at 0 to 120 Min
NCT00590317 (3) [back to overview]Akithisia at 0 to 120 Min
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Received Rescue Medication
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Reported Nausea, Defined as a Maximum Score of >= 5 mm on the VAS
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Reported Significant Nausea, Defined as a Maximum Score >= 25 mm on the VAS
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Vomited and/or Retched
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Whose Daily Life Activities Were Impacted in the Overall Phase of Cycle 1, Assessed by Functional Living Index-Emesis (FLIE) Questionnaire
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Single-dose Pharmacokinetic (PK) Parameters: Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0 to Infinity (0-∞), AUC 0 to t (0-t) and AUC 0 to 24 Hours (0-24) for Casopitant; AUC (0-t) and AUC (0-24) for Metabolites GSK525060, GSK517142 and GSK631832
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Single-dose Pharmacokinetic Parameters: Maximum Observed Drug Concentration (Cmax) for Casopitant and Metabolites GSK525060, GSK517142 and GSK631832
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Single-dose Pharmacokinetic Parameters: Time to Maximum Observed Drug Concentration (Tmax) and Observed Elimination Half-life (t1/2) for Casopitant and Metabolites GSK525060, GSK517142 and GSK631832
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Severity of Nausea in the Overall, Acute, and Delayed Phases of Cycle 1 Assessed by a Categorical Scale
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Single-dose Pharmacokinetic Parameters: Clearance (CL) for Casopitant
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a Complete Response in the Acute Phase of Cycle 1
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a Complete Response in the Delayed Phase of Cycle 1
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a Complete Response in the Overall Phase (0-120 Hours) Following Initiation of the First Cycle of an Oxaliplatin Based Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy (MEC) Regimen
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a Complete Response in the Overall Phase of Cycle 2
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Single-dose Pharmacokinetic Parameters: Volume of Distribution (Vdss) for Casopitant
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Time to First Anti-emetic Rescue Medication
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Time to First Emetic Event
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Evaluation of Vital Signs: Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Evaluation of Vital Signs: Mean Heart Rate
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Maximum Nausea Score, Assessed by a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AE) and Serious Adverse Events (SAE)
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Clinical Chemistry Toxicity Grade Shifts From Baseline to Toxicity Grade 3 and 4
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Hematology Toxicity Grade Shifts From Baseline to Toxicity Grade 3 and 4
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Complete Protection Defined as Complete Responders With no Significant Nausea
NCT00601172 (25) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Total Control, Defined as Complete Responders Who Had no Nausea
NCT00619359 (3) [back to overview]No Vomiting Overall (in the 120 Hours Following Initiation of Cisplatin)
NCT00619359 (3) [back to overview]A Complete Response (no Vomiting and no Use of Rescue Therapy) Overall (in the 120 Hours Following Initiation of Cisplatin).
NCT00619359 (3) [back to overview]A Complete Response (no Vomiting and no Use of Rescue Therapy) in the Delayed Phase (25 to 120 Hours Following Initiation of Cisplatin).
NCT00641797 (1) [back to overview]Likert Scale for Satisfaction
NCT00651755 (6) [back to overview]Geometric Mean Area Under Curve (AUC) of Analyte, 2-dechloro-cyclophosphamide(2-deCI-CP), in Aprepitant Treatment and Control Group
NCT00651755 (6) [back to overview]Geometric Mean Area Under Curve (AUC) of Analyte, 4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide (4-OH-CP), in Aprepitant Treatment and Control Group
NCT00651755 (6) [back to overview]Geometric Mean Area Under Curve (AUC) of Analyte, Cyclophosphamide (CP), in Aprepitant Treatment and Control Group
NCT00651755 (6) [back to overview]Geometric Mean Area Under Curve (AUC) of Analyte, Prednisolone (PL), in Aprepitant Treatment and Control Group
NCT00651755 (6) [back to overview]Geometric Mean Area Under Curve (AUC) of Analyte, Vincristine (VC), in Aprepitant Treatment and Control Group
NCT00651755 (6) [back to overview]Geometric Mean Area Under Curve (AUC) of Analyte,Prednisone (PR), in Aprepitant Treatment and Control Group
NCT00655642 (1) [back to overview]Change in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score for Nausea. This Was Calculated by Subtracting the Patient's Reported Score on the 30 Minute VAS From the Patient's Reported VAS Score on Their Baseline VAS.
NCT00659945 (1) [back to overview]Number of Participants Having Post-operative Emesis and Nausea.
NCT00689572 (2) [back to overview]Cocaine Use by Urine Benzoylecgonine
NCT00689572 (2) [back to overview]Cocaine Use by Self-report
NCT00695864 (1) [back to overview]Change in Withdrawal Symptoms With Placebo and With Ondansetron
NCT00711555 (5) [back to overview]no Emesis
NCT00711555 (5) [back to overview]no Nausea
NCT00711555 (5) [back to overview]no Significant Nausea
NCT00711555 (5) [back to overview]Complete Response (Percentage of Patients)
NCT00711555 (5) [back to overview]Complete Protection
NCT00734929 (12) [back to overview]Average Nausea Score
NCT00734929 (12) [back to overview]Use of Rescue Antiemetics (24 Hours)
NCT00734929 (12) [back to overview]Use of Rescue Antiemetics (48 Hours)
NCT00734929 (12) [back to overview]Use of Rescue Antiemetics (Post OP)
NCT00734929 (12) [back to overview]Incidence of Nausea
NCT00734929 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With a Complete Response Rate
NCT00734929 (12) [back to overview]Time to First Vomiting
NCT00734929 (12) [back to overview]"Number of Participants Who Rated Their Satisfaction With Antiemetic Management as Very Satisfied"
NCT00734929 (12) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Emesis
NCT00734929 (12) [back to overview]Incidence of Vomiting (24 Hours)
NCT00734929 (12) [back to overview]Incidence of Vomiting (Post OP)
NCT00734929 (12) [back to overview]Number of Vomiting Episodes
NCT00757822 (8) [back to overview]Patient Satisfaction 2: Willingness to Pay Extra Money for Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Preventive Medication
NCT00757822 (8) [back to overview]Patient Satisfaction: Willingness to Take Pre-operative Medication for Post-operative Nausea and/or Vomiting
NCT00757822 (8) [back to overview]Post-operative Antiemetic Use
NCT00757822 (8) [back to overview]Post-Surgery Hospital Admissions (All Cause) After Out-patient Abdominal Procedure
NCT00757822 (8) [back to overview]Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
NCT00757822 (8) [back to overview]Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Incidence 24-48 Hours Post Surgery
NCT00757822 (8) [back to overview]Post-Operative Care Unit Length of Stay (Min)
NCT00757822 (8) [back to overview]Maximum Reported Post-Operative Nausea Scores on Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Scale
NCT00795769 (1) [back to overview]Reduction in Rates of Nausea or Vomiting After Ondansetron (Compared to FHCRC Historical Rates)
NCT00818259 (8) [back to overview]Tmax for Fosaprepitant
NCT00818259 (8) [back to overview]Cmax for Fosaprepitant
NCT00818259 (8) [back to overview]Area Under the Time-Concentration Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC 0-24hr) for Aprepitant
NCT00818259 (8) [back to overview]Apparent Terminal Half-life (t1/2) for Aprepitant
NCT00818259 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT00818259 (8) [back to overview]Time to Cmax (Tmax) for Aprepitant
NCT00818259 (8) [back to overview]Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for Aprepitant
NCT00818259 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Discontinuing Study Drug Due to an AE
NCT00819039 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Complete Response Up to 48 Hours Following Surgery in Study Part 2
NCT00819039 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Complete Response Up to 24 Hours Following Surgery in Study Part 2
NCT00819039 (12) [back to overview]Area Under the Curve From 0-48 (AUC0-48) of Aprepitant Following a Single Oral Dose in Study Part 1
NCT00819039 (12) [back to overview]Plasma Concentration of Aprepitant at 24 Hours (C24 hr) Following a Single Oral Dose in Study Part 1
NCT00819039 (12) [back to overview]Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Aprepitant Following a Single Oral Dose in Study Part 1
NCT00819039 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Vomiting Frequency in Study Part 2
NCT00819039 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT00819039 (12) [back to overview]Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Aprepitant Following a Single Oral Dose in Study Part 1
NCT00819039 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants Discontinuing Study Treatment Due to AEs
NCT00819039 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With No Vomiting Up to 48 Hours Following Surgery Ini Study Part 2
NCT00819039 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With No Vomiting Up to 24 Hours Following Surgery in Study Part 2
NCT00819039 (12) [back to overview]Plasma Concentration of Aprepitant at 48 Hours (C48 hr) Following a Single Oral Dose in Study Part 1
NCT00878228 (3) [back to overview]Severity of Nausea
NCT00878228 (3) [back to overview]Incidence of Nausea
NCT00878228 (3) [back to overview]Impact of Nausea and Vomiting on Quality of Life
NCT00934180 (3) [back to overview]Cmax - Maximum Observed Concentration
NCT00934180 (3) [back to overview]AUC0-inf - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (Extrapolated)
NCT00934180 (3) [back to overview]AUC0-t - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Non-zero Concentration (Per Participant)
NCT00934921 (3) [back to overview]AUC0-t - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Non-zero Concentration (Per Participant)
NCT00934921 (3) [back to overview]Cmax - Maximum Observed Concentration
NCT00934921 (3) [back to overview]AUC0-inf - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (Extrapolated)
NCT00954941 (2) [back to overview]Treatment Success Rate
NCT00954941 (2) [back to overview]Participant Responses
NCT00967499 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Nausea Severity Score
NCT00967499 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Did Not Receive Any Rescue Medication Post-surgical Procedure
NCT00967499 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Complete Response
NCT00967499 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Complete Control
NCT00967499 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Did Not Experience Any Episode of Emesis
NCT00967499 (6) [back to overview]Modified Osoba Nausea and Emesis Module Questionnaire Score
NCT00971633 (2) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Zero to Infinity (AUC) of Ondansetron
NCT00971633 (2) [back to overview]Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Ondansetron
NCT00972595 (2) [back to overview]Peak Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for Ondansetron
NCT00972595 (2) [back to overview]Plasma Area Under The Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC(0-infinity)) For Ondansetron
NCT01006707 (4) [back to overview]Brain Regions With Increases or Decreases in Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations (ALFF) Associated With Ondansetron Administration
NCT01006707 (4) [back to overview]Objective Opioid Withdrawal Scale Score 15 Minutes Following Ondansetron or Placebo Administration
NCT01006707 (4) [back to overview]Subjective Opioid Withdrawal Scale (SOWS) Score 20 Minutes Following Ondansetron or Placebo Administration
NCT01006707 (4) [back to overview]Objective Opioid Withdrawal Scale Score 5 Minutes Following Ondansetron or Placebo Administration
NCT01031498 (1) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Complete Response
NCT01111851 (4) [back to overview]Brain NK1-receptor Occupancy at the Time of the Maximum Concentration (Tmax)
NCT01111851 (4) [back to overview]Brain NK1-receptor Occupancy at 120 Hours Post Dose
NCT01111851 (4) [back to overview]Brain NK1-receptor Occupancy at 24 Hours Post Dose
NCT01111851 (4) [back to overview]Brain NK1-receptor Occupancy at 48 Hours Post Dose
NCT01216410 (5) [back to overview]Intraoperative Nausea and Vomiting
NCT01216410 (5) [back to overview]Maternal Hemodynamics
NCT01216410 (5) [back to overview]Pruritus
NCT01216410 (5) [back to overview]Satisfaction
NCT01216410 (5) [back to overview]Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)
NCT01217190 (3) [back to overview]Cmax
NCT01217190 (3) [back to overview]AUCt
NCT01217190 (3) [back to overview]AUCinf
NCT01217801 (1) [back to overview]Area Under Plasma Concentration
NCT01220167 (3) [back to overview]AUCt
NCT01220167 (3) [back to overview]Cmax
NCT01220167 (3) [back to overview]AUCinf
NCT01254877 (6) [back to overview]Alcohol-related Problems
NCT01254877 (6) [back to overview]Number of Subjects Who Discontinue Due to Side Effects
NCT01254877 (6) [back to overview]Number of Days/Week Abstinent From Alcohol
NCT01254877 (6) [back to overview]Number of Alcoholic Containing Drinks Per Drinking Day
NCT01254877 (6) [back to overview]Medication Safety
NCT01254877 (6) [back to overview]HIV Medication Adherence
NCT01362530 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With No Vomiting in the Overall Phase of Cycle 1
NCT01362530 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With a Complete Response in the Overall Phase of Cycle 1
NCT01362530 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With a Complete Response in the Delayed Phase of Cycle 1
NCT01362530 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With a Complete Response in the Acute Phase of Cycle 1
NCT01370408 (8) [back to overview]Patients Who Experience First Emetic Episode Within 24 Hours
NCT01370408 (8) [back to overview]Number of Patients That Required First Administration of Rescue Medication Within 24 Hours
NCT01370408 (8) [back to overview]Number of Patients That Experience Treatment Failure Within the First 24 Hours
NCT01370408 (8) [back to overview]Complete Response Rate for Delayed Chemotherapy Induced Nausea & Vomiting
NCT01370408 (8) [back to overview]Complete Remission During Overall Chemotherapy Time Period
NCT01370408 (8) [back to overview]Complete Remission During Acute Phase Post-chemotherapy
NCT01370408 (8) [back to overview]Complete Control Rate for Nausea & Vomiting
NCT01370408 (8) [back to overview]Emetic Episodes
NCT01395901 (5) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With no Vomiting
NCT01395901 (5) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients Without Emetic Episodes
NCT01395901 (5) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients Without Antiemetic Rescue Medication
NCT01395901 (5) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Complete Response
NCT01395901 (5) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients Without Nausea (Patient Aged > 6 Years)
NCT01442376 (2) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Complete Response >24 to 120 Hours (Delayed Phase) in Cycle 1
NCT01442376 (2) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Complete Response 0 to 24 Hours (Acute Phase) in Cycle 1
NCT01450826 (4) [back to overview]Patient's Global Satisfaction With the Antiemetic Regimen
NCT01450826 (4) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients Achieving an Acute and Delayed Complete Response (CR)
NCT01450826 (4) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients Achieving Complete Control (CC)
NCT01450826 (4) [back to overview]Time to Treatment Failure
NCT01474915 (2) [back to overview]Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Scores on a Verbal Response Scale
NCT01474915 (2) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With a Complete Response/Complete Control During the First 24 Hours After Neurological Surgery Under General Anesthesia
NCT01510379 (2) [back to overview]Quantify the Amounts of Phenergan Used Between the Two Groups.
NCT01510379 (2) [back to overview]Comparison of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Scores Between Groups Treated With a ReletexTM Device and Those Without the Device.
NCT01536392 (2) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Response Rate to Anti Emetic Therapy 0-24 Hours Each Chemotherapy Cycle
NCT01536392 (2) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Response Rate to Anti-Emetic Therapy Days 4-7 Each Chemotherapy Cycle
NCT01549652 (12) [back to overview]Change in Objective Opioid Withdrawal Score (OOWS) From Baseline (Prevention of Opioid Withdrawal)
NCT01549652 (12) [back to overview]Change in Objective Opioid Withdrawal Score From Baseline (Prevention of Physical Dependence)
NCT01549652 (12) [back to overview]Change in Roland-Morris Disability (RMDI) Index From Baseline (Prevention of Physical Dependence)
NCT01549652 (12) [back to overview]Change in Subjective Opioid Withdrawal Score (SOWS) From Baseline (Prevention of Opioid Withdrawal)
NCT01549652 (12) [back to overview]Change in Subjective Opioid Withdrawal Score From Baseline (Prevention of Physical Dependence)
NCT01549652 (12) [back to overview]Profile of Mood States (POMS) Change in Score From Baseline (Prevention of Opioid Withdrawal)
NCT01549652 (12) [back to overview]Profile of Mood States (POMS) Change in Score From Baseline (Prevention of Physical Dependence)
NCT01549652 (12) [back to overview]Change in Pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) From Baseline (Prevention of Physical Dependence)
NCT01549652 (12) [back to overview]Beck Depression Inventory Score (BDIS) Change From Baseline (Prevention of Physical Dependence)
NCT01549652 (12) [back to overview]Change in Roland-Morris Disability Index (RMDI) From Baseline (Prevention of Opioid Withdrawal)
NCT01549652 (12) [back to overview]Change in Pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) From Baseline (Prevention of Opioid Withdrawal)
NCT01549652 (12) [back to overview]Beck Depression Inventory Score (BDIS) Change From Baseline (Prevention of Opioid Withdrawal)
NCT01592708 (5) [back to overview]Hospital Length of Stay
NCT01592708 (5) [back to overview]Post-discharge Nausea
NCT01592708 (5) [back to overview]Post-discharge Vomiting
NCT01592708 (5) [back to overview]Post-operative Nausea
NCT01592708 (5) [back to overview]Post-operative Vomiting
NCT01594749 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Complete Response From 0 to 120 Hours After Initiation of MEC
NCT01594749 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Severe Infusion-site Reactions
NCT01594749 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With No Vomiting From 0 to 120 Hours After Initiation of MEC
NCT01594749 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Infusion-site Thrombophlebitis
NCT01594749 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Complete Response From 25 to 120 Hours After Initiation of Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy (MEC)
NCT01594749 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Complete Response From 0 to 24 Hours After Initiation of MEC
NCT01636947 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With No Vomiting and No Significant Nausea - Overall Stage
NCT01636947 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With No Vomiting - Acute and Delayed Stages
NCT01636947 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With a Complete Response - Overall, Acute, and Delayed Stages
NCT01636947 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With No Use of a Rescue Therapy - Overall, Acute, and Delayed Stages
NCT01636947 (8) [back to overview]The Percentage of Participants With No Vomiting - Overall Stage
NCT01636947 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With One or More Clinical Adverse Event
NCT01636947 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With No Impact on Daily Life - Overall Stage
NCT01636947 (8) [back to overview]Number of Emetic Events - Overall Stage
NCT01640340 (6) [back to overview]Acute CR (Complete Response)
NCT01640340 (6) [back to overview]Use of Rescue Medication for Each Treatment Arm
NCT01640340 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Who Experienced Grade 1, 2 or 3 Vomiting From Time 0 to 120 Hours
NCT01640340 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Who Experienced Grade 1, 2 or 3 Nausea From Time 0 to 120 Hours
NCT01640340 (6) [back to overview]Overall CR(Complete Response)After the First Course of HEC, Defined as no Emesis and no Use of Rescue Medication
NCT01640340 (6) [back to overview]Delayed CR (Complete Response)
NCT01691690 (3) [back to overview]Analgesics Administered After Arrival to Inpatient Ward and Number of Participants Requiring Each
NCT01691690 (3) [back to overview]FLACC Pain Score Greater Than or Equal to 4
NCT01691690 (3) [back to overview]Time of First Opioid Analgesia in PACU
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]Apparent Terminal Half-life (t1/2) of Aprepitant in Participants 0 to <2 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of Aprepitant From Time 0 to 24 Hours (AUC 0-24hr) in Participants 0 to <2 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]AUC 0-24hr of Aprepitant in Participants 6 to <12 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]C24hr of Aprepitant in Participants 12 to 17 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]AUC 0-∞ of Aprepitant in Participants 6 to <12 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]AUC 0-24hr of Aprepitant in Participants 12 to 17 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]AUC 0-24hr of Aprepitant in Participants 2 to <6 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]Apparent Total Body Clearance (CL/F) of Aprepitant in Participants 0 to <2 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]AUC 0-∞ of Aprepitant in Participants 2 to <6 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]C24hr of Aprepitant in Participants 2 to <6 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]AUC 0-∞ of Aprepitant in Participants 12 to 17 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of Aprepitant From Time 0 to Infinity (AUC 0-∞) in Participants 0 to <2 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]C24hr of Aprepitant in Participants 6 to <12 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]C48hr of Aprepitant in Participants 2 to <6 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]C48hr of Aprepitant in Participants 6 to <12 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]CL/F of Aprepitant in Participants 12 to 17 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]CL/F of Aprepitant in Participants 2 to <6 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]CL/F of Aprepitant in Participants 6 to <12 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]Cmax of Aprepitant in Participants 12 to 17 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]Cmax of Aprepitant in Participants 2 to <6 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]Cmax of Aprepitant in Participants 6 to <12 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]Concentration of Aprepitant After 24 Hours (C24hr) in Participants 0 to <2 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]Concentration of Aprepitant After 48 Hours (C48hr) in Participants 0 to <2 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Aprepitant in Participants 0 to <2 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced at Least One Adverse Event (AE) in Cycle 1
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced at Least One Adverse Event (AE) in Cycles 2-6
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]t1/2 of Aprepitant in Participants 12 to 17 Years of Age Hours
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]t1/2 of Aprepitant in Participants 2 to <6 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]t1/2 of Aprepitant in Participants 6 to <12 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]Time to Maximum Concentration (Tmax) of Aprepitant in Participants 0 to <2 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]Tmax of Aprepitant in Participants 12 to 17 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]Tmax of Aprepitant in Participants 2 to <6 Years of Age
NCT01697579 (33) [back to overview]Tmax of Aprepitant in Participants 6 to <12 Years of Age
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Cmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in 6 to <12 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Cmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in Birth to <2 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in 12 to 17 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Discontinuing Study Due to an AE
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Experiencing at Least One Adverse Event (AE)
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Time to Maximum Concentration (Tmax) of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in 12 to 17 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Tmax Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in 12 to 17 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Tmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in 12 to 17 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Tmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in 2 to <6 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Tmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in 6 to <12 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Tmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in Birth to <2 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Tmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in 2 to <6 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Tmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in 6 to <12 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Tmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in Birth to <2 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Tmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in 2 to <6 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Tmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in 6 to <12 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Tmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in Birth to <2 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Cmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in 6 to <12 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of Aprepitant From Time 0 to the Last Measurable Concentration (AUC0-last) Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in 12 to 17 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]AUC0-last Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in 12 to 17 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]AUC0-last Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in 12 to 17 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]AUC0-last of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in 2 to <6 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]AUC0-last of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in 6 to <12 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]AUC0-last of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in Birth to <2 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]AUC0-last of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in 2 to <6 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]AUC0-last of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in 6 to <12 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]AUC0-last of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in Birth to <2 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]AUC0-last of Aprepitant Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in 2 to <6 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]AUC0-last of Aprepitant Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in 6 to <12 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]AUC0-last of Aprepitant Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in Birth to <2 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Cmax Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in 12 to 17 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Cmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in 12 to 17 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Cmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in 2 to <6 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Cmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in 6 to <12 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Cmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in Birth to <2 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Cmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in 2 to <6 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Cmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in Birth to <2 Year Age Group
NCT01732458 (38) [back to overview]Cmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in 2 to <6 Year Age Group
NCT01759420 (2) [back to overview]Number of Adverse Events
NCT01759420 (2) [back to overview]Change in QTc Interval With Ondansetron Administration
NCT01801475 (2) [back to overview]Metabolic Clearance of Ondasetron
NCT01801475 (2) [back to overview]Volume of Distribution Estimated Pharmacokinetic Parameter
NCT01841606 (1) [back to overview]Change in Cardiac Output From Baseline to 20 Minutes Post-spinal
NCT01857232 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants With CR in the Overall Phase.
NCT01857232 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Delayed Phase Complete Response(CR)
NCT01859715 (2) [back to overview]Difference in Clinically Significant Visual Analogue Scale for Pain and Nausea Change Between CYP2D6 Users and Non-users
NCT01859715 (2) [back to overview]Adverse Drug Events
NCT01912807 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Postoperative Vomiting Between 0 to 2 Hours
NCT01912807 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants Receiving Rescue Antiemetic Medications
NCT01912807 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants Having Delayed Home Discharge
NCT01912807 (4) [back to overview]Blood Glucose Level
NCT01965704 (4) [back to overview]Total Dose of Narcotic Required to Treat the Symptoms of NAS
NCT01965704 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
NCT01965704 (4) [back to overview]Length of Hospital Stay
NCT01965704 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants Requiring Adjunctive Medication to Treat NOWS
NCT02006056 (5) [back to overview]The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of LIfe Questionnaire - C15 Palliative (C15-PAL) on Day 6-10 of Treatment.
NCT02006056 (5) [back to overview]Functional Living Index-emesis (FLIE) at Day 3, Using Questions 2-9, 11-18 (Q1/Q10 Refer to Nausea/Vomiting and Therefore Are Part of Primary Objectives)
NCT02006056 (5) [back to overview]Functional Living Index-emesis (FLIE) at Day 7, Using Questions 2-9, 11-18 (Q1/Q10 Refer to Nausea/Vomiting and Therefore Are Part of Primary Objectives)
NCT02006056 (5) [back to overview]The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of LIfe Questionnaire - C15 Palliative (C15-PAL), From Day 1-5 of Treatment.
NCT02006056 (5) [back to overview]Efficacy for the Prevention/Rescue of Radiation-induced Nausea and Vomiting.
NCT02082678 (3) [back to overview]Number of Standard Drinks Per Assessment Period on Timeline Followback (TLFB)
NCT02082678 (3) [back to overview]Number of Heavy Drinking Days Per Assessment Period on Timeline Followback (TLFB)
NCT02082678 (3) [back to overview]Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD)
NCT02106494 (5) [back to overview]Overall Complete Control Rate
NCT02106494 (5) [back to overview]Overall Complete Response Rate
NCT02106494 (5) [back to overview]Rate of No Emetic Episodes
NCT02106494 (5) [back to overview]Delayed Complete Control (CC) Rate
NCT02106494 (5) [back to overview]Delayed Phase Complete Response (CR) Rate
NCT02116530 (5) [back to overview]Frequency of Rescue Medication
NCT02116530 (5) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Complete Response
NCT02116530 (5) [back to overview]Median Nausea Scores
NCT02116530 (5) [back to overview]Mean Scores of Potential Toxicities Related to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire
NCT02116530 (5) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With no Nausea
NCT02354703 (3) [back to overview]Drinks Per Drinking Day
NCT02354703 (3) [back to overview]Percent Drinking Days
NCT02354703 (3) [back to overview]Percent Heavy Drinking Days
NCT02456662 (1) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing Symptoms
NCT02519842 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced No Vomiting, Regardless of Rescue Medication Use, During the Overall Phase (0 to 120 Hours Post Initiation of Chemotherapy) in Cycle 1
NCT02519842 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced a Complete Response During the Acute Phase (0 to 24 Hours Post Initiation of Chemotherapy) in Cycle 1
NCT02519842 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced One or More Adverse Events
NCT02519842 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an Adverse Event
NCT02519842 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced a Complete Response During the Delayed Phase (>24 to 120 Hours Post Initiation of Chemotherapy) in Cycle 1
NCT02519842 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced a Complete Response During the Overall Phase (0 to 120 Hours Post Initiation of Chemotherapy) in Cycle 1
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Apparent Total Plasma Clearance of IPN01072 (Total CL) in Cycle 1
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Maximal Uptake (%) of 177Lu-IPN01072 in Blood in Cycle 1
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Fraction of IPN01072 Excreted Into the Urine (Fe) in Cycle 1
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Disease Control Rate (DCR)
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Cumulative Amount of Lu-177 Radioactivity Excreted Into the Urine (0 to 48 Hours) [Ae (0-48h)] in Cycle 1
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]AUC of 177Lu-IPN01072 in Blood in Cycle 1
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]AUC From Time Zero to Infinity (AUCinf) of IPN01072 in Cycle 1
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Apparent Volume of Distribution During Terminal Phase (Vz) of IPN01072 in Cycle 1
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Ae (0-48h) of IPN01072 in Cycle 1
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Overall Response Rate (ORR)
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]T1/2 of IPN01072 in Cycle 1
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Terminal Half-Life (T1/2) of Radioactivity Concentrations of the Radiopharmaceutical in Blood in Cycle 1
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Specific Absorbed Dose Per Organ and Lesions of 177Lu-IPN01072 in Cycle 1
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Specific Absorbed Dose Per Organ and Lesions of 177Lu-IPN01072 in Cycle 1
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious TEAEs
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Maximum Uptake (%) of 177Lu-IPN01072 at Target Lesions and Discernible Organs in Cycle 1
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Maximum Uptake (%) of 177Lu-IPN01072 at Target Lesions and Discernible Organs in Cycle 1
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Highest Absorbed Dose of 177LU-IPN01072 to Each Discernible Organ in Cycle 1
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Highest Absorbed Dose of 177LU-IPN01072 to Each Discernible Organ in Cycle 1
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Cumulative Absorbed Organ Doses of 177Lu-IPN01072 in Cycles 1 and 3
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Cumulative Absorbed Organ Doses of 177Lu-IPN01072 in Cycles 1 and 3
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Cumulative Absorbed Organ Doses of 177Lu-IPN01072 in Cycles 1 and 3
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Quality of Life (QoL) Questionnaire (QLQ)-C30 at EOCT Visit
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in QLQ Gastro-intestinal. Neuroendocrine Tumour (GI.NET)21 at EOCT Visit
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration Time Curve (AUC) of 177Lu-IPN01072 in Discernible Organs in Cycle 1
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration Time Curve (AUC) of 177Lu-IPN01072 in Discernible Organs in Cycle 1
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Time to Reach Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of IPN01072 in Cycle 1
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLT)
NCT02592707 (30) [back to overview]Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of IPN01072 in Cycle 1
NCT02601027 (6) [back to overview]Time to First Bowel Movement
NCT02601027 (6) [back to overview]Time to Ambulation
NCT02601027 (6) [back to overview]Post-operative Pain Score
NCT02601027 (6) [back to overview]Post-operative Anti-emetic Usage
NCT02601027 (6) [back to overview]Post-operative Narcotic Usage
NCT02601027 (6) [back to overview]Quality of Life Measurement
NCT02618343 (2) [back to overview]Time to Nausea Reduction by 50% by Visual Analog Scale.
NCT02618343 (2) [back to overview]Number of Subjects That Required Rescue Ondansetron
NCT02625181 (4) [back to overview]Adherence to PONV Guidelines
NCT02625181 (4) [back to overview]Time to Discharge From the Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU)
NCT02625181 (4) [back to overview]The Number of Prophylactic Interventions for PONV
NCT02625181 (4) [back to overview]PONV Incidence: Number of Participants With Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
NCT02657031 (5) [back to overview]Nausea
NCT02657031 (5) [back to overview]Headache Following Intervention
NCT02657031 (5) [back to overview]The Number of Participants Experiencing Vomiting
NCT02657031 (5) [back to overview]The Number of Patients Experiencing Restlessness
NCT02657031 (5) [back to overview]Anxiety
NCT02732015 (1) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Complete Response (CR) of Rolapitant Hydrochloride Administered as a Single-dose
NCT02760069 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Required Rescue Anti-emetics
NCT02760069 (2) [back to overview]Nausea 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
NCT02901054 (1) [back to overview]CSF to Plasma Concentration Ratio
NCT02959840 (12) [back to overview]Vomiting
NCT02959840 (12) [back to overview]Vomiting During Stage II (After Eversion of the Uterus and Until Replacement of the Uterus)
NCT02959840 (12) [back to overview]Vomiting During Stage III (After Replacement of the Uterus and to the Next 15 Minutes)
NCT02959840 (12) [back to overview]Vomiting During Stage IV (the Rest of the Time Until Arrival at PACU)
NCT02959840 (12) [back to overview]Nausea During Stage III (After Replacement of the Uterus and to the Next 15 Minutes)
NCT02959840 (12) [back to overview]Nausea
NCT02959840 (12) [back to overview]Nausea During Stage I (After the Administration of CSE and Until Eversion of the Uterus)
NCT02959840 (12) [back to overview]Nausea During Stage II (After Eversion of the Uterus and Until Replacement of the Uterus)
NCT02959840 (12) [back to overview]Nausea During Stage IV (the Rest of the Time Until Arrival at PACU)
NCT02959840 (12) [back to overview]Overall Anesthetic Care Satisfaction
NCT02959840 (12) [back to overview]Satisfaction of Anti-emetic Treatment
NCT02959840 (12) [back to overview]Vomiting During Stage I (After the Administration of CSE and Until Eversion of the Uterus)
NCT02991456 (17) [back to overview]Complete Response (CR) Rate as Measured by MAT With Supplemental Nurses Notes
NCT02991456 (17) [back to overview]Complete Response (CR) Rate as Measured by Antiemesis Tool (MAT)
NCT02991456 (17) [back to overview]Chemoradiation-induced Vomiting (cRIV) Rate Over First Two Weeks With Supplemental Nurses Notes
NCT02991456 (17) [back to overview]Chemoradiation-induced Vomiting (cRIV) Rate Over First Two Weeks
NCT02991456 (17) [back to overview]Chemoradiation-induced Vomiting (cRIV) Rate Over All Six Weeks
NCT02991456 (17) [back to overview]Chemoradiation-induced Nausea (cRIN) Rate Over First Two Weeks and Supplemented by Nurses Notes
NCT02991456 (17) [back to overview]Chemoradiation-induced Nausea (cRIN) Rate Over First Two Weeks
NCT02991456 (17) [back to overview]Chemoradiation-induced Nausea (cRIN) Rate Over All Six Weeks
NCT02991456 (17) [back to overview]Week 6 Patient Satisfaction: Convenience
NCT02991456 (17) [back to overview]Week 3 Patient Satisfaction: Overall Satisfaction
NCT02991456 (17) [back to overview]Ondansetron Medication Compliance Weeks 1-3
NCT02991456 (17) [back to overview]Week 3 Patient Satisfaction: Effectiveness
NCT02991456 (17) [back to overview]Ondansetron Medication Compliance Weeks 4-6
NCT02991456 (17) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants With Grade 3, 4 or 5 Treatment-related Adverse Events
NCT02991456 (17) [back to overview]Week 3 Patient Satisfaction: Convenience
NCT02991456 (17) [back to overview]Week 6 Patient Satisfaction: Overall Satisfaction
NCT02991456 (17) [back to overview]Week 6 Patient Satisfaction: Effectiveness
NCT03035942 (4) [back to overview]Nausea and Vomiting During PACU Staying
NCT03035942 (4) [back to overview]Pain During Postanesthesia Care Unit and Ward Stay (Numeric Rating Scale - NRS)
NCT03035942 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Pruritus
NCT03035942 (4) [back to overview]Quality of Recovery
NCT03075163 (1) [back to overview]Change in Nausea Score
NCT03237611 (4) [back to overview]Complete Control Rate of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Following 2nd Cycle of Chemotherapy
NCT03237611 (4) [back to overview]Complete Control Rate of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Following 1st Cycle of Chemotherapy
NCT03237611 (4) [back to overview]Complete Control Rate of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Following 2nd Cycle of Chemotherapy
NCT03237611 (4) [back to overview]Complete Control Rate of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Following 1st Cycle of Chemotherapy
NCT03239210 (5) [back to overview]Change in Sensory Phenomena Scale (SPS) Score
NCT03239210 (5) [back to overview]Change in Brain Activation - Somatosensory Cortex
NCT03239210 (5) [back to overview]Change in Brain Activation - Insula Cortex
NCT03239210 (5) [back to overview]Change in Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) Score
NCT03239210 (5) [back to overview]Change in Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) Score
NCT03262038 (4) [back to overview]Incidence of Post Operative Nausea or Vomiting
NCT03262038 (4) [back to overview]Incidence of Pruritus
NCT03262038 (4) [back to overview]Severity of Post Operative Nausea or Vomiting
NCT03262038 (4) [back to overview]Severity of Pruritus
NCT03297021 (5) [back to overview]Nausea Scale
NCT03297021 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Symptoms on POD 1
NCT03297021 (5) [back to overview]Total Anesthesia Time
NCT03297021 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Needed Rescue Anti-emetics
NCT03297021 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Episodes of Vomiting in the PACU
NCT03435692 (6) [back to overview]Nausea
NCT03435692 (6) [back to overview]Muscle Spasm
NCT03435692 (6) [back to overview]Maximum Pain Score
NCT03435692 (6) [back to overview]Itching
NCT03435692 (6) [back to overview]Hospital Length of Stay
NCT03435692 (6) [back to overview]Total Perioperative Morphine Equivalents
NCT03503292 (2) [back to overview]Episodes of Postoperative Nausea
NCT03503292 (2) [back to overview]Episodes of Postoperative Vomiting
NCT03578081 (5) [back to overview]Total Frequency of Rescue Medication as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire
NCT03578081 (5) [back to overview]Potential Toxicities as Ascribed to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire
NCT03578081 (5) [back to overview]No Nausea Rate Defined as a Response of 0 in the Nausea Item of Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire in the Overall (0-120 Hours), Acute (0-24 Hours), and Delayed (24-120 Hours) Periods
NCT03578081 (5) [back to overview]Complete Response (CR) (no Emetic Episodes and no Use of Rescue Medication) During the Acute, Delayed and the Overall Periods as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire
NCT03578081 (5) [back to overview]Average Nausea Scores (0-10) Repeatedly Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire
NCT04557189 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Emesis Within 24 Hours Post-Surgery
NCT04557189 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Total Response
NCT04557189 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Complete Response Within 24 Hours Post-Surgery
NCT04557189 (17) [back to overview]Peak Nausea Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) Score
NCT04557189 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Markedly Abnormal Clinical Laboratory Values
NCT04557189 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Markedly Abnormal Vital Signs
NCT04557189 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With TAK-951 Antidrug Antibodies (ADA)
NCT04557189 (17) [back to overview]TAK-951 Plasma Concentrations
NCT04557189 (17) [back to overview]TAK-951 Plasma Concentrations
NCT04557189 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Complete Response in the Immediate Postoperative Period
NCT04557189 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Emesis in the First 6 Hours Post-Surgery
NCT04557189 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Clinically Significant Electrocardiogram (ECG)
NCT04557189 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Any Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE)
NCT04557189 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Absence of Nausea in the First 6 Hours Post-Surgery
NCT04557189 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Absence of Nausea in the First 24 Hours Post-Surgery
NCT04557189 (17) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Requiring Rescue Therapy for Breakthrough PONV Within 24 Hours Post-Surgery
NCT04557189 (17) [back to overview]Time From End of Surgery to First Emetic Event

P50 Sensory Gating

P50 Sensory Gating as measured by evoked potentials (response to stimuli, in this case, clicking sounds).The P50 potential was identified and measured using a computer algorithm. The amplitude of the P50 test wave was divided by the amplitude of the P50 conditioning wave, expressed as a percentage: the P50 ratio. Lower P50 ratios represent better outcomes. (NCT00149734)
Timeframe: Up to 3 hours

Interventionpercentage (Mean)
Ondansetron41.4
Placebo80.2

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Number of Patients With Laboratory Adverse Experiences (LAEs)

A laboratory adverse experience (LAE) is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the SPONSOR'S product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product. (NCT00231777)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 hours

InterventionParticipants (Number)
MK0517 Intravenous (IV) 40 mg9
Ondansetron IV 4 mg2

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Number of Patients With Serious CAEs

Serious CAEs are any AEs occurring at any dose that; Results in death; or Is life threatening; or Results in a persistent or significant disability/incapacity; or Results in or prolongs an existing inpatient hospitalization; or Is a congenital anomaly/birth defect; or Is a cancer; or Is an overdose (NCT00231777)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 hours

InterventionParticipants (Number)
MK0517 Intravenous (IV) 40 mg15
Ondansetron IV 4 mg3

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Number of Patients With Clinical Adverse Experiences (CAEs)

An adverse experience (AE) is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the SPONSOR'S product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product (NCT00231777)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 hours

InterventionParticipants (Number)
MK0517 Intravenous (IV) 40 mg125
Ondansetron IV 4 mg32

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Number of Emesis Free Participants During the Study Period.

To compare the efficacy of aprepitant plus standard therapy to placebo plus standard therapy in control of nausea and vomiting during conditioning therapy for autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as defined by the number of retch/emesis free days during the study period (NCT00248547)
Timeframe: Up to three weeks

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Aprepitant13
Placebo (Sugar Pill)5

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Number of Patients Who Reported No Vomiting

"The number of patients who reported No Vomiting in the overall phase in Cycle~1" (NCT00337727)
Timeframe: Overall phase (0-120 hours post initiation of MEC) in Cycle 1.

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Aprepitant Regimen324
Standard Regimen252

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Number of Patients Who Reported Complete Response

The number of patients who reported Complete Response (no vomiting and no use of rescue medication) in the overall phase in Cycle 1. (NCT00337727)
Timeframe: Overall phase (0-120 hours post initiation of MEC) in Cycle 1

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Aprepitant Regimen292
Standard Regimen229

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Quality of Life

(NCT00343863)
Timeframe: Up to 3 months

InterventionFLIE questionnaires (Count of Units)
FLIE Nausea72045916FLIE Nausea72045917FLIE Vomiting72045916FLIE Vomiting72045917
High impact (<36)Medium impact (36-54)No impact of daily life (>54)
Dexamethasone + Ondansetron IV4
Dexamethasone + Palonosetron IV44
Dexamethasone + Ondansetron IV5
Dexamethasone + Palonosetron IV74
Dexamethasone + Ondansetron IV26
Dexamethasone + Palonosetron IV248
Dexamethasone + Ondansetron IV1
Dexamethasone + Palonosetron IV10
Dexamethasone + Ondansetron IV3
Dexamethasone + Palonosetron IV9
Dexamethasone + Ondansetron IV31
Dexamethasone + Palonosetron IV347

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Number of Participants That Had Emesis Within 48 Hours of Chemotherapy

Count of patients that had emesis within 48 hours of chemotherapy (NCT00343863)
Timeframe: Up to 48 hours of chemotherapy

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Dexamethasone + Ondansetron IV0
Dexamethasone + Palonosetron IV1

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Number of Participants That Had First Administration of Rescue Medication Within 48 Hours

Count of patients that had first administration of rescue medication within 48 Hours (NCT00343863)
Timeframe: up to 48 hours of chemotherapy

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Dexamethasone + Ondansetron IV1
Dexamethasone + Palonosetron IV4

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Severity of Nausea

Count of participants with severe nausea (NCT00343863)
Timeframe: Up to 3 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Dexamethasone + Ondansetron IV1
Dexamethasone + Palonosetron IV4

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Number of Days With Emetic Episodes and Rescue Medicines

(NCT00343863)
Timeframe: Up to 3 months

,
Interventiondays (Median)
Vomiting during neoadjuvant chemotherapyTook rescue medicines
Dexamethasone + Ondansetron IV02
Dexamethasone + Palonosetron IV09.5

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Side Effects of Antiemetic Medications Used

(NCT00343863)
Timeframe: Up to 3 months

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
ConstipationHeadaches
Dexamethasone + Ondansetron IV20
Dexamethasone + Palonosetron IV152

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Count of Patients Achieving a Complete Response

(NCT00343863)
Timeframe: At 0-24 hours after weekly intravenous doxorubin

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Dexamethasone + Ondansetron IV3
Dexamethasone + Palonosetron IV15

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Count of Patients Achieving Complete Response

(NCT00343863)
Timeframe: At 24-120 hours after weekly intravenous doxorubicin

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Dexamethasone + Ondansetron IV3
Dexamethasone + Palonosetron IV15

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Proportion of Patients Requiring Rescue Medication for Breakthrough Nausea or Emesis During Inpatient Chemotherapy

Rescue medication is any medication administered by the treating team to control breakthrough nausea or emesis. Rescue medications were used to treat any patient who has enough symptoms requiring additional therapy. All patients were instructed to first use the push button on the pump. On-demand administration of study agent via the patient-controlled infusion pump will not be considered rescue therapy - it is part of the antiemetic treatment regimen. If on-demand administration is not successful in controlling the patient's symptoms, then as-needed rescue medications are to be administered. The treating staff will administer additional (as needed) doses of intravenous antiemetics, depending on the institutional preference. (NCT00429702)
Timeframe: during in-patient cycle of chemotherapy, up to 4 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Benadryl® Ativan® Decadron® (BAD) Pump1
Control Arm Saline3

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Proportion of Patients Requiring Rescue Medication for Breakthrough Nausea or Emesis After Completion of the First Course of Emetogenic Chemotherapy

CINV will be determined based on the number of rescue medications used during the 3 days following completion of chemotherapy cycle. Rescue medication is any medication administered by the treating team to control breakthrough nausea or emesis. Rescue medications were used to treat any patient who has enough symptoms requiring additional therapy. All patients were instructed to first use the push button on the pump. On-demand administration of study agent via the patient-controlled infusion pump will not be considered rescue therapy - it is part of the antiemetic treatment regimen. If on-demand administration is not successful in controlling the patient's symptoms, then as-needed rescue medications are to be administered. The treating staff will administer additional (as needed) doses of intravenous antiemetics, depending on the institutional preference. (NCT00429702)
Timeframe: 3 days of following completion of first chemotherapy cycle

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Benadryl® Ativan® Decadron® (BAD) Pump3
Control Arm Saline4

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Vomiting at 0 to 120 Min.

(NCT00590317)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 minutes after receiving medication

Interventionnumber of participants exp vomiting (Number)
Prochlorperazine1
Ondansetron4

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Nausea at 0 to 120 Min

100mm Visual Analog scale (VAS) Scale is from 0 mm to 100 mm 0mm = no nausea 100mm = severe nausea (NCT00590317)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 minutes after receiving medication

Interventionunits on a scale (Geometric Mean)
Prochlorperazine16.8
Ondansetron34.3

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Akithisia at 0 to 120 Min

(NCT00590317)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 min after receiving medication

Interventionno. participants exp akathisia (Number)
Prochlorperazine3
Ondansetron1

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Percentage of Participants Who Received Rescue Medication

Anti-emetic rescue medication was defined as medication that was administered specifically for the treatment of nausea and/or emesis during Days 1-6 of each cycle. The choice of rescue anti-emetic medication was left to the discretion of the investigator. Participants who required antiemetic rescue medication(s) during the 120-hour assessment period were considered treatment failures for that cycle. Percentage of participants who received rescue medication are presented. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours, 24 to 120 hours and 0 to 120 hours in the first cycle of chemotherapy

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
0-120 hours0-24 hours24-120 hours
Casopitant 90 mg818
Placebo929

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Percentage of Participants Who Reported Nausea, Defined as a Maximum Score of >= 5 mm on the VAS

VAS was used to assess severity of nausea. The participants rated the severity of nausea by marking a line on a 100 mm (0 to 100 mm) long scale. A line placed on the extreme left, that is 0 mm indicated no nausea and extreme right that is 100 mm indicated nausea as bad as it can be. This scale has no subscales. The participant perception of their symptoms was measured using the VAS. Percentage of participants who reported nausea, defined as a maximum score of >= 5 mm on the VAS are presented. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours, 24 to 120 hours and 0 to 120 hours in the first cycle of chemotherapy

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
0-120 hours0-24 hours24-120 hours
Casopitant 90 mg451545
Placebo371237

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Percentage of Participants Who Reported Significant Nausea, Defined as a Maximum Score >= 25 mm on the VAS

VAS was used to assess severity of nausea. The participants rated the severity of nausea by marking a line on a 100 mm (0 to 100 mm) long scale. A line placed on the extreme left, that is 0 mm indicated no nausea and extreme right that is 100 mm indicated nausea as bad as it can be. This scale has no subscales. The participant perception of their symptoms was measured using the VAS. Percentage of participants who reported significant nausea, defined as a maximum score >= 25 mm on the VAS are presented. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours, 24 to 120 hours and 0 to 120 hours in the first cycle of chemotherapy

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
0-120 hours0-24 hours24-120 hours
Casopitant 90 mg21521
Placebo19419

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Percentage of Participants Who Vomited and/or Retched

Vomiting was defined as the forceful expulsion of gastrointestinal contents through the mouth or nose. Retching was defined as the labored, spasmodic, rhythmic contraction of the respiratory and abdominal muscles in an attempt to vomit, that is not productive of gastrointestinal contents (also known as dry heaves). If a participant took rescue medication but there was no evidence of vomiting or retching, then the participant was considered as not having vomited. Percentage of participants who vomited and/or retched during the first 120 hours of the first cycle of chemotherapy are presented. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours, 24 to 120 hours and 0 to 120 hours in the first cycle of chemotherapy

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
0-120 hours0-24 hours24-120 hours
Casopitant 90 mg10210
Placebo11311

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Percentage of Participants Whose Daily Life Activities Were Impacted in the Overall Phase of Cycle 1, Assessed by Functional Living Index-Emesis (FLIE) Questionnaire

FLIE questionnaire specifically addresses the impact of nausea and vomiting on daily activities (physical, social and emotional function, ability to enjoy meals). It consists of 18 items with questions divided into two domains: Nausea (questions 1-9) and Vomiting (questions 10-18). Each item is scored on a VAS with 7 hatch marks. The scale is anchored at 1 (Not at all) and 7 (A great deal). For questions 1,2,4,5,7,8-10,12-14,16 and 17 the final score was calculated by subtracting the initial score from 100 for questions 3,6,11,15 and 18 the final score was the one provided in the dataset. The score for the nausea domain: ([sum of nausea item scores] ÷ [Number of items answered] x 9) and for vomiting domain: ([sum of vomiting item scores] ÷ [Number of items answered] x 9). The total score was the sum of the nausea and vomiting domain scores. Higher scores indicate less impairment on daily life as a result of nausea or vomiting. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 hours in the first cycle of chemotherapy

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Nausea impactVomiting impact
Casopitant 90 mg23.711.5
Placebo21.312.5

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Single-dose Pharmacokinetic (PK) Parameters: Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0 to Infinity (0-∞), AUC 0 to t (0-t) and AUC 0 to 24 Hours (0-24) for Casopitant; AUC (0-t) and AUC (0-24) for Metabolites GSK525060, GSK517142 and GSK631832

Blood samples were obtained during Cycle 1 at the following times relative to the investigational product administration: pre-dose, end of infusion, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours after the end of infusion. A final PK sample was collected between 30 and 48 hours after the investigational product infusion had completed. The actual time each sample was collected was captured to the nearest minute in the electronic case report form (eCRF). Following unblinding, only those participants who had been randomized to receive casopitant were included in the PK analyses. AUC(0-∞), AUC(0-t), AUC(0-24) for casopitant and metabolites GSK525060, GSK517142 and GSK631832 are presented. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, end of infusion and 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, 24 hours after the end of infusion

InterventionHour*nanogram/milliliter (hr*ng/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Casopitant: AUC(0-24)Casopitant: AUC(0-inf)Casopitant: AUC(0-t)GSK525060: AUC(0-24)GSK525060: AUC(0-t)GSK517142: AUC(0-24)GSK517142: AUC(0-t)GSK631832: AUC(0-24)GSK631832: AUC(0-t)
Casopitant 90 mg6913.6268607.0497688.5622247.2902796.73449.96440.997165.550231.018

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Single-dose Pharmacokinetic Parameters: Maximum Observed Drug Concentration (Cmax) for Casopitant and Metabolites GSK525060, GSK517142 and GSK631832

Blood samples were obtained during Cycle 1 at the following times relative to the investigational product administration: pre-dose, end of infusion, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours after the end of infusion. A final PK sample was collected between 30 and 48 hours after the investigational product infusion had completed. The actual time each sample was collected was captured to the nearest minute in the electronic case report form (eCRF). Following unblinding, only those participants who had been randomized to receive casopitant were included in the PK analyses. (Cmax) for casopitant and metabolites GSK525060, GSK517142 and GSK631832 are presented. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, end of infusion and 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, 24 hours after the end of infusion

InterventionNanogram/milliliter (ng/mL) (Geometric Mean)
CasopitantGSK525060GSK517142GSK631832
Casopitant 90 mg2078.776143.0383.4269.853

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Single-dose Pharmacokinetic Parameters: Time to Maximum Observed Drug Concentration (Tmax) and Observed Elimination Half-life (t1/2) for Casopitant and Metabolites GSK525060, GSK517142 and GSK631832

Blood samples were obtained during Cycle 1 at the following times relative to the investigational product administration: pre-dose, end of infusion, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours after the end of infusion. A final PK sample was collected between 30 and 48 hours after the investigational product infusion had completed. The actual time each sample was collected was captured to the nearest minute in the eCRF. Following unblinding, only those participants who had been randomized to receive casopitant were included in the PK analyses. Tmax and t1/2 for casopitant and metabolites GSK525060, GSK517142 and GSK631832 are presented. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, end of infusion and 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, 24 hours after the end of infusion

InterventionHour (Median)
Casopitant: TmaxCasopitant: t1/2GSK525060: TmaxGSK517142: TmaxGSK631832: Tmax
Casopitant 90 mg0.52012.3473.5801.5005.500

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Severity of Nausea in the Overall, Acute, and Delayed Phases of Cycle 1 Assessed by a Categorical Scale

Participants were asked to rate the level of nausea he/she experienced over the previous (24 hours for a period of 120 hours following the administration of MEC), by placing a vertical mark on a VAS. The severity of nausea and was calculated by using a 0 - 100 VAS where 0 = No Nausea and 100 = Nausea as bad as it can be. The categorical scale assessed the participants severity of his/her nausea using the following: mild: Queasiness/upset stomach that is manageable and minimally (if at all) affects daily activities, moderate: increased queasiness, sometimes with the feeling of having to vomit/throw up (but not vomiting), that has significant negative effect on the daily activities (for example, being unable to work, eat and drink, prepare food, care for children or others) and severe: feeling sick and vomiting or feeling like you are going to vomit, and unable to perform most daily activities. Higher scores indicated worst outcome. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours, 24 to 120 hours and 0 to 120 hours in the first cycle of chemotherapy

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
0-120 hours723799890-120 hours723799900-24 hours723799890-24 hours7237999024-120 hours7237999024-120 hours72379989
MildModerateSevereNone
Placebo218
Placebo73
Casopitant 90 mg97
Placebo49
Casopitant 90 mg54
Placebo12
Casopitant 90 mg12
Placebo313
Casopitant 90 mg299
Placebo23
Casopitant 90 mg40
Placebo13
Casopitant 90 mg15
Placebo3
Casopitant 90 mg1
Casopitant 90 mg192

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Single-dose Pharmacokinetic Parameters: Clearance (CL) for Casopitant

Blood samples were obtained during Cycle 1 at the following times relative to the investigational product administration: pre-dose, end of infusion, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours after the end of infusion. A final PK sample was collected between 30 and 48 hours after the investigational product infusion had completed. The actual time each sample was collected was captured to the nearest minute in the eCRF. Following unblinding, only those participants who had been randomized to receive casopitant were included in the PK analyses. CL for casopitant is presented. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, end of infusion and 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, 24 hours after the end of infusion

InterventionLiter/hour (Geometric Mean)
Casopitant 90 mg10.457

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Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a Complete Response in the Acute Phase of Cycle 1

Complete response was defined as no vomiting, no retching and no use of anti-emetic rescue medication. Participants who vomited or retched or received rescue medication in the acute phase (0- 24 hours) following administration of oxaliplatin were also considered as complete response failures in the subsequent delayed (24-120 hour) time period, irrespective of actual response in the delayed phase. However, participants who vomited or retched or received rescue medication in the delayed (24-120 hours) phase were not considered as failures in the acute (0-24 hours) phase. Percentage of participants who achieved a complete response in the acute phase of Cycle 1 are presented. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours in the first cycle of chemotherapy

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo96
Casopitant 90 mg97

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Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a Complete Response in the Delayed Phase of Cycle 1

Complete response was defined as no vomiting, no retching and no use of anti-emetic rescue medication. Participants who vomited or retched or received rescue medication in the acute phase (0- 24 hours) following administration of oxaliplatin were also considered as complete response failures in the subsequent delayed (24-120 hour) time period, irrespective of actual response in the delayed phase. However, participants who vomited or retched or received rescue medication in the delayed (24-120 hours) phase were not considered as failures in the acute (0-24 hours) phase. Percentage of participants who achieved a complete response in the delayed phase of Cycle 1 are presented. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: 24 to 120 hours (delayed phase) in the first cycle of chemotherapy

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo85
Casopitant 90 mg86

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Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a Complete Response in the Overall Phase (0-120 Hours) Following Initiation of the First Cycle of an Oxaliplatin Based Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy (MEC) Regimen

Complete response was defined as no vomiting, no retching and no use of anti-emetic rescue medication. Participants who vomited or retched or received rescue medication in the acute phase (0- 24 hours) following administration of oxaliplatin were also considered as complete response failures in the subsequent delayed (24-120 hour) time period, irrespective of actual response in the delayed phase. However, participants who vomited or retched or received rescue medication in the delayed (24-120 hours) phase were not considered as failures in the acute (0-24 hours) phase. The overall phase began at the start of the administration of the oxaliplatin infusion. Percentage of participants who achieved a complete response in the overall phase (0-120 hours) are presented. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 hours in the first cycle of chemotherapy

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo85
Casopitant 90 mg86

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Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a Complete Response in the Overall Phase of Cycle 2

Complete response was defined as no vomiting, no retching and no use of anti-emetic rescue medication. Participants who vomited or retched or received rescue medication in the acute phase (0- 24 hours) following administration of oxaliplatin were also considered as complete response failures in the subsequent delayed (24-120 hour) time period, irrespective of actual response in the delayed phase. However, participants who vomited or retched or received rescue medication in the delayed (24-120 hours) phase were not considered as failures in the acute (0-24 hours) phase. The overall phase began at the start of the administration of the oxaliplatin infusion. Percentage of participants who achieved a complete response in the overall phase of Cycle 2 are presented. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 hours in the second cycle of chemotherapy

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo84
Casopitant 90 mg90

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Single-dose Pharmacokinetic Parameters: Volume of Distribution (Vdss) for Casopitant

Blood samples were obtained during Cycle 1 at the following times relative to the investigational product administration: pre-dose, end of infusion, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours after the end of infusion. A final PK sample was collected between 30 and 48 hours after the investigational product infusion had completed. The actual time each sample was collected was captured to the nearest minute in the eCRF. Following unblinding, only those participants who had been randomized to receive casopitant were included in the PK analyses. Vdss for casopitant is presented. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, end of infusion and 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, 24 hours after the end of infusion

InterventionLiter (Geometric Mean)
Casopitant 90 mg126.776

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Time to First Anti-emetic Rescue Medication

Time to first rescue medication was defined as the length of time from initiation of oxaliplatin till the first reported use of a rescue medication. Participants withdrawing prematurely during the 120 hour assessment period without having received a rescue medication were assumed to have done so and the time of rescue medication was set to 0 hours. The first quartile for time to use of anti-emetic rescue medication was evaluated when 25th percentile of participants of MITT population reported use of anti-emetic rescue medication. Similarly, median and 75th percentile of participants of MITT population was planned to be reported. If, less than 25th percentile of participants reported use of anti-emetic rescue medication at the end of the 120 hour time period, then the observation was censored for the purpose of this analysis and in such case the data was planned to be reported as not evaluable (NA). (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 hours in the first cycle of chemotherapy

InterventionHours (Median)
PlaceboNA
Casopitant 90 mgNA

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Time to First Emetic Event

Time to first emetic event was defined as the length of time from initiation of oxaliplatin until the time of first emetic event. Participants withdrawing prematurely from the study without having experienced an emetic event were assumed to have done so and the time of emetic event was set to 0 hours. The first quartile for time to emetic event was evaluated when 25th percentile of participants of MITT population reported emetic event. Similarly, median and 75th percentile of participants of MITT population was planned to be reported. If, less than 25th percentile of participants reported emetic event at the end of the 120 hour time period, then the observation was censored for the purpose of this analysis and in such case the data was planned to be reported as not evaluable (NA). (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 hours in the first cycle of chemotherapy

InterventionHours (Median)
PlaceboNA
Casopitant 90 mgNA

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Evaluation of Vital Signs: Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

Vital signs assessment included DBP and SBP. SBP and DBP were recorded at Screening, on Day 1 of each cycle immediately before start of the investigational product infusion, at the completion of the infusion, and immediately after the end of the oxaliplatin infusion, then again at each end of cycle visit. Mean SBP and DBP are presented. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: Up to End of Cycle for 6 cycles, an average of 24 days per cycle

,
InterventionMillimeters of mercury (mmHg) (Mean)
DBP: Cycle 1, post-oxaliplatinDBP: Cycle 1, End of cycleDBP: Cycle 2, post-oxaliplatinDBP: Cycle 2, End of cycleDBP: Cycle 3, post-oxaliplatinDBP: Cycle 3, End of cycleDBP: Cycle 4, post-oxaliplatinDBP: Cycle 4, End of cycleDBP: Cycle 5, post-oxaliplatinDBP: Cycle 5, End of cycleDBP: Cycle 6, post-oxaliplatinDBP: Cycle 6, End of cycleSBP: Cycle 1, post-oxaliplatinSBP: Cycle 1, End of cycleSBP: Cycle 2, post-oxaliplatinSBP: Cycle 2, End of cycleSBP: Cycle 3, post-oxaliplatinSBP: Cycle 3, End of cycleSBP: Cycle 4, post-oxaliplatinSBP: Cycle 4, End of cycleSBP: Cycle 5, post-oxaliplatinSBP: Cycle 5, End of cycleSBP: Cycle 6, post-oxaliplatinSBP: Cycle 6, End of cycle
Casopitant 90 mg76.576.576.877.176.677.276.976.477.777.777.677.5126.8126.7129.3127.8128.7127.7129.0128.3129.7128.8131.5129.1
Placebo77.276.977.776.878.077.378.276.877.477.177.977.9130.6128.7130.1128.9131.0128.8131.8128.0131.3128.6132.2129.7

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Evaluation of Vital Signs: Mean Heart Rate

Vital sign included heart rate which was recorded at Screening, on Day 1 of each cycle immediately before start of the investigational product infusion, at the completion of the infusion, and immediately after the end of the oxaliplatin infusion, then again at each end of cycle visit. Mean heart rate is presented. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: Up to End of Cycle for 6 cycles, an average of 24 days per cycle

,
InterventionBeats/minute (Mean)
Cycle 1, post-oxaliplatinCycle 1, End of cycleCycle 2, post-oxaliplatinCycle 2, End of cycleCycle 3, post-oxaliplatinCycle 3, End of cycleCycle 4, post-oxaliplatinCycle 4, End of cycleCycle 5, post-oxaliplatinCycle 5, End of cycleCycle 6, post-oxaliplatinCycle 6, End of cycle
Casopitant 90 mg73.775.373.774.772.275.472.274.772.975.073.475.6
Placebo73.175.173.074.873.274.972.675.072.874.773.574.7

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Maximum Nausea Score, Assessed by a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)

VAS was used to assess severity of nausea. The participants rated the severity of nausea by marking a line on a 100 millimeter (mm) (0 to 100 mm) long scale. A line placed on the extreme left, that is 0 mm indicated no nausea and extreme right that is 100 mm indicated nausea as bad as it can be. This scale has no subscales. The participant perception of their symptoms was measured using the VAS. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours, 24 to 120 hours and 0 to 120 hours in the first cycle of chemotherapy

,
InterventionScores on a Scale (Mean)
0-120 hours0-24 hours24-120 hours
Casopitant 90 mg16.05.315.3
Placebo13.54.313.0

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AE) and Serious Adverse Events (SAE)

An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product. A SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose, results in death, is life threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability or incapacity, is a congenital anomaly or birth defect. Any SAEs assessed as related to study participation (e.g. study treatment, protocol-mandated procedures, invasive tests, or change in existing therapy) or related to a GSK product was recorded from the time a participant consents to participate in the study up to and including any follow-up contact. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: Up to 35 days

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AESAE
Casopitant 90 mg17126
Placebo17623

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Number of Participants With Clinical Chemistry Toxicity Grade Shifts From Baseline to Toxicity Grade 3 and 4

Grade shifts from Baseline were assessed as shift from any Grade to Grade 3 or Grade 4 in any cycle. Toxicities were graded according to the NCI-CTCAE, version 3.0. Grade refers to the severity of the toxicity. The NCI-CTCAE displays Grades 1 through 5 with unique clinical descriptions of severity for each toxicity based on the following general guideline: Grade 1: Mild AE, Grade 2: Moderate AE, Grade 3: Severe AE, Grade 4: Life-threatening or disabling AE and Grade 5: Death related to AE. It was assessed on Baseline (Day 1), during Day 6-10 and end of cycle. Clinical chemistry parameters assessed were alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), chloride, glucose, potassium, sodium and total bilirubin. Data has been presented for the number of participants with chemistry toxicity grade shifts from Baseline to toxicity grade 3 and 4 for all cycles in a consolidated format. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: Up to Day 24

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
ALT: All cycles, Grade 0 to 3ALT: All cycles, Grade 2 to 3AST: All cycles, Grade 0 to 3High chloride: All cycles, Grade 1 to 3Low chloride: All cycles, Grade 0 to 3Hyperglycemia: Al cycles, Grade 0 to 3Hyperglycemia: All cycles, Grade 1 to 3Hyperglycemia: All cycles, Grade 2 to 3Hyperglycemia: All cycles, Grade 3 to 3Hypoglycemia: All cycles, Grade 0 to 4Hyperkalemia: All cycles, Grade 2 to 3Hyperkalemia: All cycles, Grade 4 to 3Hyperkalemia: All cycles, Grade 0 to 3Hyperkalemia: All cycles, Grade 0 to 4Hypokalemia: All cycles, Grade 0 to 3Hyponatremia: All cycles, Grade 1 to 3Total Bilirubin: All cycles, Grade 0 to 3Total Bilirubin: All cycles, Grade 0 to 4
Casopitant 90 mg201013253100228810
Placebo110201193111006611

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Number of Participants With Hematology Toxicity Grade Shifts From Baseline to Toxicity Grade 3 and 4

Grade shifts from Baseline were assessed as shift from any Grade to Grade 3 or Grade 4 in any cycle. Toxicities were graded according to the National Cancer Institute common toxicity criteria for adverse events (NCI-CTCAE), version 3.0. Grade refers to the severity of the toxicity. The NCI-CTCAE displays Grades 1 through 5 with unique clinical descriptions of severity for each toxicity based on the following general guideline: Grade 1: Mild AE, Grade 2: Moderate AE, Grade 3: Severe AE, Grade 4: Life-threatening or disabling AE and Grade 5: Death related to AE. It was assessed on Baseline (Day 1), during Day 6-10 and end of cycle. Hematology parameters assessed were hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelet count, total neutrophils and white blood cell count. Data has been presented for the number of participants with hematology toxicity grade shifts from Baseline to toxicity grade 3 and 4 for all cycles in a consolidated format. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) to Day 24

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Hematocrit: All cycles, Grade 2 to Grade 3Hemoglobin: All cycles, Grade 1 to Grade 3Hemoglobin: All cycles, Grade 2 to Grade 3Hemoglobin: All cycles, Grade 3 to Grade 3Platelet count: All cycles, Grade 0 to 3Total Neutrophils: All cycles, Grade 0 to 3Total Neutrophils: All cycles, Grade 1 to 3Total Neutrophils: All cycles, Grade 2 to 3White Blood Cell count: All cycles, Grade 0 to 3White Blood Cell count: All cycles, Grade 1 to 3White Blood Cell count: All cycles, Grade 2 to 3
Casopitant 90 mg101213710512
Placebo0230124011001

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Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Complete Protection Defined as Complete Responders With no Significant Nausea

Complete protection was defined as no vomiting/retching, no use of rescue medication and no significant nausea. Percentage of participants who achieved complete protection or complete responders with no significant nausea are presented. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours, 24 to 120 hours and 0 to 120 hours in the first cycle of chemotherapy

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
0-120 hours0-24 hours24-120 hours
Casopitant 90 mg749374
Placebo759375

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Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Total Control, Defined as Complete Responders Who Had no Nausea

Total control was defined as no vomiting/retching, no use of rescue medication and no nausea. Percentage of participants who achieved total control or complete responders with no nausea are presented. (NCT00601172)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours, 24 to 120 hours and 0 to 120 hours in the first cycle of chemotherapy

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
0-120 hours0-24 hours24-120 hours
Casopitant 90 mg548354
Placebo618861

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No Vomiting Overall (in the 120 Hours Following Initiation of Cisplatin)

The number of patients who reported No Vomiting in the 120 hours following initiation of cisplatin chemotherapy. (NCT00619359)
Timeframe: Overall (the 120 hours following initiation of cisplatin chemotherapy)

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Fosaprepitant806
Aprepitant844

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A Complete Response (no Vomiting and no Use of Rescue Therapy) Overall (in the 120 Hours Following Initiation of Cisplatin).

The number of patients who reported No Vomiting and No Use of Rescue Therapy in the 120 hours following initiation of cisplatin chemotherapy. (NCT00619359)
Timeframe: Overall (in the 120 hours following initiation of cisplatin chemotherapy).

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Fosaprepitant795
Aprepitant820

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A Complete Response (no Vomiting and no Use of Rescue Therapy) in the Delayed Phase (25 to 120 Hours Following Initiation of Cisplatin).

The number of patients who reported No Vomiting and No Use of Rescue Therapy in the 25 to 120 hours following initiation of cisplatin chemotherapy. (NCT00619359)
Timeframe: Delayed phase (25 to 120 hours following initiation of cisplatin).

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Fosaprepitant822
Aprepitant841

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Likert Scale for Satisfaction

The Likert Scale measured patient satisfaction on a 0-10 score range (0 = Least Satisfied; 10 = Most Satisfied). (NCT00641797)
Timeframe: 0 days

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Arm 1, Conventional Therapy9
Arm 2, Epley Maneuver9

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Geometric Mean Area Under Curve (AUC) of Analyte, 2-dechloro-cyclophosphamide(2-deCI-CP), in Aprepitant Treatment and Control Group

Pharmacokinetic (PK) blood sampling to determine the geometric mean AUC of 2-deCI-CP, during & post chemotherapy infusion, baseline, at 30, 60, 75, 90 minutes, and 2 , 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours from start of cyclophosphamide infusion. The absence of PK drug interactions was determined if the 90% Confidence Intervals (CI) of the geometric mean AUC ratio between 2 groups is within 0.80 to 1.25. Measurements reported as concentrate times the time, i.e. micrograms (ug)/milliliters (mL) times hour (hr). (NCT00651755)
Timeframe: Time points over 24 hours of cyclophosphamide infusion for both cycles (21 day cycle)

Interventionug/mL*hr (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant4.5
Control6.0

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Geometric Mean Area Under Curve (AUC) of Analyte, 4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide (4-OH-CP), in Aprepitant Treatment and Control Group

Pharmacokinetic (PK) blood sampling to determine the geometric mean AUC of 4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide (4-OH-CP), during & post chemotherapy infusion, baseline, at 30, 60, 75, 90 minutes, and 2 , 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours from start of cyclophosphamide infusion. The absence of PK drug interactions was determined if the 90% Confidence Intervals (CI) of the geometric mean AUC ratio between 2 groups is within 0.80 to 1.25. Measurements reported as concentrate times the time, i.e. micrograms (ug)/milliliters (mL) times hour (hr). (NCT00651755)
Timeframe: Time points over 24 hours of cyclophosphamide infusion for both cycles (21 day cycle)

Interventionug/mL*hr (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant3.9
Control4.0

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Geometric Mean Area Under Curve (AUC) of Analyte, Cyclophosphamide (CP), in Aprepitant Treatment and Control Group

Pharmacokinetic (PK) blood sampling to determine the geometric mean AUC of Cyclophosphamide (CP) during & post chemotherapy infusion, baseline, at 30, 60, 75, 90 minutes, and 2 , 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours from start of cyclophosphamide infusion. The absence of PK drug interactions was determined if the 90% Confidence Intervals (CI) of the geometric mean AUC ratio between 2 groups is within 0.80 to 1.25. Measurements reported as concentrate times the time, i.e. micrograms (ug)/milliliters (mL) times hour (hr). (NCT00651755)
Timeframe: Time points over 24 hours of cyclophosphamide infusion for both cycles (21 day cycle)

Interventionug/mL*hr (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant300
Control Group250

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Geometric Mean Area Under Curve (AUC) of Analyte, Prednisolone (PL), in Aprepitant Treatment and Control Group

Pharmacokinetic (PK) blood sampling to determine the geometric mean AUC of PL, during & post chemotherapy infusion, baseline, at 30, 60, 75, 90 minutes, and 2 , 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours from start of cyclophosphamide infusion. The absence of PK drug interactions was determined if the 90% Confidence Intervals (CI) of the geometric mean AUC ratio between 2 groups is within 0.80 to 1.25. Measurements reported as concentrate times the time, i.e. nanograms (ng)/milliliters (mL) times hour (hr). (NCT00651755)
Timeframe: Time points over 8 hours of cyclophosphamide infusion for both cycles (21 day cycle)

Interventionng/mL*hr (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant4416
Control3817

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Geometric Mean Area Under Curve (AUC) of Analyte, Vincristine (VC), in Aprepitant Treatment and Control Group

Pharmacokinetic (PK) blood sampling to determine the geometric mean AUC of VC, during & post chemotherapy infusion, baseline, at 30, 60, 75, 90 minutes, and 2 , 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours from start of cyclophosphamide infusion. The absence of PK drug interactions was determined if the 90% Confidence Intervals (CI) of the geometric mean AUC ratio between 2 groups is within 0.80 to 1.25. Measurements reported as concentrate times the time, i.e. nanograms (ng)/milliliters (mL) times hour (hr). (NCT00651755)
Timeframe: Time points over 24 hours of cyclophosphamide infusion for both cycles (21 day cycle)

Interventionng/mL*hr (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant41
Control39

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Geometric Mean Area Under Curve (AUC) of Analyte,Prednisone (PR), in Aprepitant Treatment and Control Group

Pharmacokinetic (PK) blood sampling to determine the geometric mean AUC of PR, during & post chemotherapy infusion, baseline, at 30, 60, 75, 90 minutes, and 2 , 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours from start of cyclophosphamide infusion. The absence of PK drug interactions was determined if the 90% Confidence Intervals (CI) of the geometric mean AUC ratio between 2 groups is within 0.80 to 1.25. Measurements reported as concentrate times the time, i.e. nanograms (ng)/milliliters (mL) times hour (hr). (NCT00651755)
Timeframe: Time points over 8 hours of cyclophosphamide infusion for both cycles (21 day cycle)

Interventionng/mL*hr (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant287
Control265

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Change in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score for Nausea. This Was Calculated by Subtracting the Patient's Reported Score on the 30 Minute VAS From the Patient's Reported VAS Score on Their Baseline VAS.

"Participants independently rated their nausea severity on separate scales at the baseline and 30-minute evaluations to prevent the baseline VAS score from influencing the 30-minute mark. The VAS had the words Least Severe on the left and Most Severe on the right. The possible values range from 0 to 100mm with 0 at the Least Severe extreme and 100 at the Most Severe extreme. Investigators instructed the participant to draw a single vertical line through the point on the 100mm scale that corresponded to their nausea severity at the times of measurement (Baseline and 30 minutes)." (NCT00655642)
Timeframe: Baseline and 30 minute assessments

Interventionmillimeter (Median)
Ondansetron-22.0
Metoclopramide-30.0
Promethazine-29.0
Placebo-16.0

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Number of Participants Having Post-operative Emesis and Nausea.

Postoperative emesis was measured as present or not present (nominal data) and analyzed with Chi-square; Comparison of nausea severity was performed in two ways. In those patients who exhibited nausea VRS>0, a worst nausea score for each patient was defined as the highest nausea score recorded over the 48 hours. Mann-Whitney rank sum test was used to compare worst nausea scores. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to determine if the mean VRS (Verbal Rating Scale) score over time was significant between the two groups. (NCT00659945)
Timeframe: 48 hours post surgery

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Group A(Oral Aprepitant+iv Ondansetron)7
Group B(Oral Placebo+iv Ondansetron)22

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Cocaine Use by Urine Benzoylecgonine

Urine samples were collected up to three times weekly for up to 9 weeks to test for the major cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine (NCT00689572)
Timeframe: up to 9 weeks

InterventionPercent of cocaine-free urines (Mean)
Ondansetron16
Placebo26

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Cocaine Use by Self-report

Participants were assessed up to three times weekly for up to 9 weeks to evaluate cocaine use by self-report (NCT00689572)
Timeframe: up to 9 weeks

InterventionPercent of cocaine-free (abstinent)days (Mean)
Ondansetron67
Placebo67

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Change in Withdrawal Symptoms With Placebo and With Ondansetron

Subjective Opioid Withdrawal Scale: Participants were asked to rate, from 0 to 4, their experience of 15 withdrawal symptoms. Scores for each participant were derived from the sum of their withdrawal symptoms score (minimum:0, maximum: 60). A higher score indicates more symptoms experienced and/or at a greater degree of severity. (NCT00695864)
Timeframe: Baseline, 1 hour post dose Placebo, 1 hour post dose Ondansetron

InterventionPercent change (Mean)
Placebo - Sugar Pill-22.08
Ondansetron-42.71

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no Emesis

(NCT00711555)
Timeframe: cycle 1, day 1

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Aprepitant, Dexamethasone, Ondansetron, Multiple Days100

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no Nausea

defined as maximum nausea severity < 5 mm (100 mm visual analog scale, 0 = no nausea, 100 = worst nausea) (NCT00711555)
Timeframe: cycle 1, day 1

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Aprepitant, Dexamethasone, Ondansetron, Multiple Days74

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no Significant Nausea

defined as a maximum nausea severity < 25 mm (100 mm visual analog scale, 0 = no nausea, 100 = worst nausea) (NCT00711555)
Timeframe: cycle 1, day 1

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Aprepitant, Dexamethasone, Ondansetron, Multiple Days79

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Complete Response (Percentage of Patients)

defined as a no emetic episodes and no use of rescue therapy (NCT00711555)
Timeframe: cycle 1, day 1

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Aprepitant, Dexamethasone, Ondansetron, Multiple Days84

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Complete Protection

defined as no emesis, no use of rescue medications, and a maximum nausea severity < 25 mm (100 mm visual analog scale, 0 = no nausea, 100 = worst nausea) (NCT00711555)
Timeframe: cycle 1, day 1

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Aprepitant, Dexamethasone, Ondansetron, Multiple Days74

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Average Nausea Score

Participants verbally rated their nausea on a scale of 0-10. 0 = No nausea, 10 = worst nausea imaginable (NCT00734929)
Timeframe: Post OP hours 0-2, 24 h, 48 h

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
0-2 hours post op24 hours post op48 hours post op
Aprepitant0.40.80.9
Ondansetron0.61.31.1

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Use of Rescue Antiemetics (24 Hours)

(NCT00734929)
Timeframe: 24 h

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Aprepitant31
Ondansetron30

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Use of Rescue Antiemetics (48 Hours)

(NCT00734929)
Timeframe: 48 hour

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Aprepitant33
Ondansetron32

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Use of Rescue Antiemetics (Post OP)

(NCT00734929)
Timeframe: Post OP (0 - 2 hours)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Aprepitant20
Ondansetron24

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Incidence of Nausea

operative procedure (NCT00734929)
Timeframe: Post operative procedure (OP) hours (0-2, 24, 48)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
0-2 hours Post OP24 Hours Post Op48 Hours Post Op
Aprepitant273335
Ondansetron273032

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Number of Participants With a Complete Response Rate

complete response rate: defined as no Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and no need for rescue antiemetics. (NCT00734929)
Timeframe: 24 hours Post OP, 48 hours Post OP

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
24 Hours Post OP48 Hours Post OP
Aprepitant1411
Ondansetron2119

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Time to First Vomiting

(NCT00734929)
Timeframe: 48 h

Interventionhours (Median)
Aprepitant + Dexamethasone13.5
Ondansetron + Dexamethasone2

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"Number of Participants Who Rated Their Satisfaction With Antiemetic Management as Very Satisfied"

Participants rated their satisfaction with antiemetic management on a 5 points scale: very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, somewhat dissatisfied, very dissatisfied) (NCT00734929)
Timeframe: 48 hour

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Aprepitant36
Ondansetron32

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Cumulative Incidence of Emesis

Any vomiting or retching (NCT00734929)
Timeframe: 48 h

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Aprepitant8
Ondansetron20

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Incidence of Vomiting (24 Hours)

Any vomiting or retching (NCT00734929)
Timeframe: 24 h

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Aprepitant7
Ondansetron19

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Incidence of Vomiting (Post OP)

(NCT00734929)
Timeframe: Post OP (0 - 2 hours)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Aprepitant3
Ondansetron11

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Number of Vomiting Episodes

(NCT00734929)
Timeframe: 48 hours

Interventionvomiting episodes (Mean)
Aprepitant0
Ondansetron0

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Patient Satisfaction 2: Willingness to Pay Extra Money for Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Preventive Medication

Percent of participants willing to pay extra money for preemptive medication for PONV for subsequent surgical procedures when queried at post-operative 24-48 hr. and at 2-6 wk. follow-up interviews. (NCT00757822)
Timeframe: Post-operative follow-up interviews 24 hr to 6 weeks post surgery

,
Interventionpercent of participants (Number)
24-48 hr. post-op2-6 wk post-op
Arm 1:Dronabinol8073
Arm 2:Ondansetron7068

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Patient Satisfaction: Willingness to Take Pre-operative Medication for Post-operative Nausea and/or Vomiting

Percent of participants who responded that they would be willing to take preemptive medication for nausea and vomiting for subsequent surgeries when queried during post-operative follow-up interviews at 24-48 hrs or 2-6 weeks. (NCT00757822)
Timeframe: Post operative follow up interviews 24 hrs to 6 wks

,
Interventionpercent of participants (Number)
24-48 hr post-operative interview2-6 week post-operative interview
Arm 1:Dronabinol9287
Arm 2:Ondansetron8975

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Post-operative Antiemetic Use

Percentage of participants requiring post-operative anti-emetic medications.. Anti-emetic medication need was assessed during a) post-operative care unit (PACU) stay and b)during the first 48 hrs. following discharge from PACU to home or if applicable to in-patient unit. (NCT00757822)
Timeframe: End of surgery to 48 hr post surgery

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Medication need during PACU stayMedication need for first 48 hrs after discharge t
Arm 1:Dronabinol253
Arm 2: Ondansetron174

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Post-Surgery Hospital Admissions (All Cause) After Out-patient Abdominal Procedure

Number of all-cause hospital admissions on day of elective out-patient surgery . (NCT00757822)
Timeframe: Post-operative Day of Surgery (DOS)

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
DOS admission-observationDOS admission- urinary retensionDOS admission-pain managementDOS admission- low SpO2DOS admission -intractable nausea/vomitting
Arm 1:Dronabinol34110
Arm 2: Ondnasetron33100

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Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

The incidence of postoperative nausea (PON) and postoperative vomiting (POV) was assessed during Post-operative Care Unit (PACU) stay. (NCT00757822)
Timeframe: Post-operative Care Unit (PACU) length of stay on day of surgery (time from end of surgery to transfer to discharge unit or other hospital unit)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Incidence PACU PONIncidence PACU POV
Arm 1:Dronabinol34.412.5
Arm 2:Ondansetron29.87

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Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Incidence 24-48 Hours Post Surgery

Participants were queried for presence of postoperative nausea (PON) or postoperative vomiting (POV) during the 24-48 hr window post surgery. (NCT00757822)
Timeframe: 24-48 hrs post surgery

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
24-48hr PON incidence24-48 hr POV incidence
Arm 1: Dronabinol23.46.3
Arm 2:Ondansetron22.83.5

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Post-Operative Care Unit Length of Stay (Min)

Length of time in PACU (minutes) measured from end of surgery to time of transfer to ambulatory care prior to home discharge or time to hospital admission if applicable. (NCT00757822)
Timeframe: Day of surgery (time from end of surgery to transfer to ambulatory pre-discharge unit or other unit)

Interventionminutes (Median)
Arm 1:Dronabinol99.5
Arm 2:Ondansetron97.0

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Maximum Reported Post-Operative Nausea Scores on Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Scale

"VAS Scale: 0=no nausea, 1-3=mild nausea, 4-6= moderate nausea, 7-9= severe nausea, 10=extreme nausea usually accompanied with vomiting.~VAS nausea score were obtained every 30 min from entry into post-operative care unit (PACU) for first 2 hrs. and then hourly until time of transfer out of PACU." (NCT00757822)
Timeframe: Post-operative Care Unit (PACU) stay from end of surgery to transfer to ambulatory unit

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
No nausea (VAS score=0)Mild Nausea (VAS score=1-3)Moderate Nausea (VAS score =4-6)Severe nausea (VAS score=7-9)Extreme nausea (VAS score=10)
Arm 1: Dronabinol59.415.67.87.89.4
Arm 2:Ondansetron70.212.31.87.08.8

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Reduction in Rates of Nausea or Vomiting After Ondansetron (Compared to FHCRC Historical Rates)

Nausea Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer Antiemesis Tool™ (MAT). Increased MAT scores represent worse outcome (score 0-10). Vomiting represented as present or absent. (NCT00795769)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 120 minutes

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
MAT score >2 on arrival and pre-ondansetronBaseline MAT score >2 prior to first ASCT infusionMAT score increases >2 by end of infusionNumber of patients that vomited
Ondansetron Therapy239129

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Tmax for Fosaprepitant

Tmax is a measure of the amount of time after dosing to when the maximum concentration of fosaprepitant was achieved. Blood samples for PK assessment were collected at the following time points: Part IA - Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hr post fosaprepitant dose; Part V - Pre-dose and -0.75, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hr post start of chemotherapy. (NCT00818259)
Timeframe: Up to 72 hours post fosaprepitant dose

,
Interventionhr (Mean)
6 months to <2 years (n=0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7)2 years to <6 years (n=0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7)6 years to <12 years (n=0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8)12 years to 17 years (n=0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
Part IB-fosaprepitant 150 mgNANANA0.614
Part V-fosaprepitant Regimen1.131.051.04NA

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Cmax for Fosaprepitant

Cmax is a measure of the maximum amount of fosaprepitant in the plasma. Blood samples for PK assessment were collected at the following time points: Part IA - Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hr post fosaprepitant dose; Part V - Pre-dose and -0.75, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hr post start of chemotherapy. (NCT00818259)
Timeframe: Up to 72 hours post fosaprepitant dose

,
Interventionng/mL (Mean)
6 months to <2 years (n=0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7)2 years to <6 years (n=0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8)6 years to <12 years (n=0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8)12 years to 17 years (n=0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
Part IB-fosaprepitant 150 mgNANANA1310
Part V-fosaprepitant Regimen275630341654NA

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Area Under the Time-Concentration Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC 0-24hr) for Aprepitant

AUC is a measure of the amount of aprepitant in the plasma. Fosaprepitant is a prodrug for aprepitant and is rapidly converted to aprepitant after IV administration. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic (PK) assessment were collected at the following time points: Part IA - Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hours (hr) post fosaprepitant dose; Part IB - Pre-dose and -0.75, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hr post start of chemotherapy; Parts II and IV - Pre-dose and 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hr post aprepitant dose; Part V - Pre-dose and -0.75, -0.5, 0, 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hr post start of chemotherapy. (NCT00818259)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours post fosaprepitant/aprepitant dose

,,,,,
Interventionhr*ng/mL (Mean)
6 months to <2 years (n=0, 0, 5, 5, 0, 6, 6)2 years to <6 years (n=0, 0, 8, 7, 0, 6, 7)6 years to <12 years (n=0, 0, 6, 6, 0, 6, 8)12 years to 17 years (n=8, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
Part IA-fosaprepitant 115 mg/AprepitantNANANA19500
Part IB-fosaprepitant 150 mgNANANA30800
Part IIA-aprepitant 80 mg Equiv.200001640016000NA
Part IIB-aprepitant 125 mg Equiv.63102300022000NA
Part IV-aprepitant Regimen211001730024400NA
Part V-fosaprepitant Regimen117001830019500NA

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Apparent Terminal Half-life (t1/2) for Aprepitant

t1/2 is the amount of time from dosing until half of the aprepitant was metabolized from the body. Fosaprepitant is a prodrug for aprepitant and is rapidly converted to aprepitant after IV administration. Blood samples for PK assessment were collected at the following time points: Part IA - Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hr post fosaprepitant dose; Part IB - Pre-dose and -0.75, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hr post start of chemotherapy; Parts II and IV - Pre-dose and 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hr post aprepitant dose; Part V - Pre-dose and -0.75, -0.5, 0, 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hr post start of chemotherapy. (NCT00818259)
Timeframe: Up to 72 hours post fosaprepitant/aprepitant dose

,,,,,
Interventionhr (Mean)
6 months to <2 years (n=0, 0, 5, 3, 0, 3, 6)2 years to <6 years (n=0, 0, 6, 4, 0, 5, 7)6 years to <12 years (n=0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 4, 8)12 years to 17 years (n=6 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
Part IA-fosaprepitant 115 mg/AprepitantNANANA11.0
Part IB-fosaprepitant 150 mgNANANA22.2
Part IIA-aprepitant 80 mg Equiv.7.288.279.17NA
Part IIB-aprepitant 125 mg Equiv.8.096.066.89NA
Part IV-aprepitant Regimen6.189.2110.8NA
Part V-fosaprepitant Regimen7.716.448.76NA

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Number of Participants Experiencing Adverse Events (AEs)

An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the study drug, whether or not considered related to the use of the product. Participants were monitored for the occurrence AEs for up to 14 days after last dose of study drug. (NCT00818259)
Timeframe: Up to 14 days after last dose of study drug (Up to 17 days)

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Part IA-fosaprepitant 115 mg/Aprepitant11
Part IB-fosaprepitant 150 mg6
Part IIA-aprepitant 80 mg Equiv.18
Part IIB-aprepitant 125 mg Equiv.16
Part III-ondansetron15
Part IV-aprepitant Regimen13
Part V-fosaprepitant Regimen17

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Time to Cmax (Tmax) for Aprepitant

Tmax is a measure of the amount of time after dosing to when the maximum concentration of aprepitant was achieved. Fosaprepitant is a prodrug for aprepitant and is rapidly converted to aprepitant after IV administration. Blood samples for PK assessment were collected at the following time points: Part IA - Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hr post fosaprepitant dose; Part IB - Pre-dose and -0.75, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hr post start of chemotherapy; Parts II and IV - Pre-dose and 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hr post aprepitant dose; Part V - Pre-dose and -0.75, -0.5, 0, 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hr post start of chemotherapy. (NCT00818259)
Timeframe: Up to 72 hours post fosaprepitant/aprepitant dose

,,,,,
Interventionhr (Mean)
6 months to <2 years (n=0, 0, 5, 5, 0, 6, 7)2 years to <6 years (n=0, 0, 8, 7, 0, 6, 7)6 years to <12 years (n=0, 0, 6, 6, 0, 7, 8)12 years to 17 years (n=12, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
Part IA-fosaprepitant 115 mg/AprepitantNANANA0.41
Part IB-fosaprepitant 150 mgNANANA0.64
Part IIA-aprepitant 80 mg Equiv.2.333.785.17NA
Part IIB-aprepitant 125 mg Equiv.3.455.283.08NA
Part IV-aprepitant Regimen7.344.926.42NA
Part V-fosaprepitant Regimen1.131.411.07NA

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Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for Aprepitant

Cmax is a measure of the maximum amount of aprepitant in the plasma. Fosaprepitant is a prodrug for aprepitant and is rapidly converted to aprepitant after IV administration. Blood samples for PK assessment were collected at the following time points: Part IA - Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hr post fosaprepitant dose; Part IB - Pre-dose and -0.75, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hr post start of chemotherapy; Parts II and IV - Pre-dose and 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hr post aprepitant dose; Part V - Pre-dose and -0.75, -0.5, 0, 1.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hr post start of chemotherapy. (NCT00818259)
Timeframe: Up to 72 hours post fosaprepitant/aprepitant dose

,,,,,
Interventionng/mL (Mean)
6 months to <2 years (n=0, 0, 5, 5, 0, 6, 7)2 years to <6 years (n=0, 0, 8, 7, 0, 6, 7)6 years to <12 years (n=0, 0, 6, 6, 0, 7, 8)12 years to 17 years (n=12, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
Part IA-fosaprepitant 115 mg/AprepitantNANANA3240
Part IB-fosaprepitant 150 mgNANANA5870
Part IIA-aprepitant 80 mg Equiv.193013001300NA
Part IIB-aprepitant 125 mg Equiv.65921001930NA
Part IV-aprepitant Regimen181018401800NA
Part V-fosaprepitant Regimen170024302850NA

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Number of Participants Discontinuing Study Drug Due to an AE

An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the study drug, whether or not considered related to the use of the product. The number of participants who discontinued from the study due to an AE are summarized. (NCT00818259)
Timeframe: Day 1 up to Day 3

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Part IA-fosaprepitant 115 mg/Aprepitant0
Part IB-fosaprepitant 150 mg0
Part IIA-aprepitant 80 mg Equiv.0
Part IIB-aprepitant 125 mg Equiv.0
Part III-ondansetron0
Part IV-aprepitant Regimen0
Part V-fosaprepitant Regimen1

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Number of Participants With Complete Response Up to 48 Hours Following Surgery in Study Part 2

Complete response was defined as no vomiting and no use of rescue medication in 0-48 hours post-surgery. (NCT00819039)
Timeframe: Up to 48 Hours

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Part 2: Oral Aprepitant17
Part 2: Intravenous Ondansetron20

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Number of Participants With Complete Response Up to 24 Hours Following Surgery in Study Part 2

Complete response was defined as no vomiting and no use of rescue medication in 0-24 hours post-surgery. (NCT00819039)
Timeframe: Up to 24 Hours

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Part 2: Oral Aprepitant19
Part 2: Intravenous Ondansetron20

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Area Under the Curve From 0-48 (AUC0-48) of Aprepitant Following a Single Oral Dose in Study Part 1

Blood samples of 0.5 mL were collected from participants for the analysis of AUC0-48 at specified time points: pre-dose, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours post aprepitant single dose. (NCT00819039)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours post-dose

Interventionhr*ug/ml (Mean)
6 months to <2 years (n=11)2 years to <6 years (n=11)6 years to <12 years (n=11)12 years to 17 years (n=10)
Part 1: Oral Aprepitant5.974.766.166.01

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Plasma Concentration of Aprepitant at 24 Hours (C24 hr) Following a Single Oral Dose in Study Part 1

Blood samples were collected from participants for the analysis of C24 hr at 24 hours after dosing. N/A indicates that >50% of measurements were below the lower level of quantitaion (LLOQ). (NCT00819039)
Timeframe: 24 Hours Post-Dose

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
6 months to <2 years (n=11)2 years to <6 years (n=11)6 years to <12 years (n=11)12 years to 17 years (n=10)
Part 1: Oral Aprepitant31.058.651.181.1

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Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Aprepitant Following a Single Oral Dose in Study Part 1

Blood samples were collected from participants for the analysis of Cmax up to 48 hours after dosing. (NCT00819039)
Timeframe: 48 Hours Post-Dose

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
6 months to <2 years (n=11)2 years to <6 years (n=11)6 years to <12 years (n=11)12 years to 17 years (n=10)
Part 1: Oral Aprepitant715586913520

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Number of Participants With Vomiting Frequency in Study Part 2

(NCT00819039)
Timeframe: Up to 24 Hours

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
No Vomiting1 Vomiting Episode2 Vomiting Episodes3 Vomiting Episodes>3 Vomiting Episodes
Part 2: Intravenous Ondansetron203101
Part 2: Oral Aprepitant205000

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Number of Participants Experiencing Adverse Events (AEs)

(NCT00819039)
Timeframe: Up to 21 Days Post-Surgery

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Part 1: Oral Aprepitant20
Part 2: Oral Aprepitant12
Part 2: Intravenous Ondansetron7

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Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Aprepitant Following a Single Oral Dose in Study Part 1

Blood samples were collected from participants for the analysis of Tmax up to 48 hours after dosing. (NCT00819039)
Timeframe: 48 Hours Post-Dose

InterventionHours (Median)
6 months to <2 years (n=11)2 years to <6 years (n=11)6 years to <12 years (n=11)12 years to 17 years (n=10)
Part 1: Oral Aprepitant3.003.002.003.50

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Number of Participants Discontinuing Study Treatment Due to AEs

(NCT00819039)
Timeframe: Day 1

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Part 1: Oral Aprepitant0
Part 2: Oral Aprepitant0
Part 2: Intravenous Ondansetron0

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Number of Participants With No Vomiting Up to 48 Hours Following Surgery Ini Study Part 2

(NCT00819039)
Timeframe: Up to 48 Hours

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Part 2: Oral Aprepitant18
Part 2: Intravenous Ondansetron20

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Number of Participants With No Vomiting Up to 24 Hours Following Surgery in Study Part 2

(NCT00819039)
Timeframe: Up to 24 Hours

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Part 2: Oral Aprepitant20
Part 2: Intravenous Ondansetron20

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Plasma Concentration of Aprepitant at 48 Hours (C48 hr) Following a Single Oral Dose in Study Part 1

The mean plasma concentration of aprepitant was evaluated in participants at 48 hours following a single oral dose. (NCT00819039)
Timeframe: 48 Hours Post-Dose

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
6 months to <2 years (n=11)2 years to <6 years (n=11)6 years to <12 years (n=11)12 years to 17 years (n=10)
Part 1: Oral AprepitantNANANA7.25

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Severity of Nausea

Percentage of participants reporting moderate or severe nausea in the first 24 hours (NCT00878228)
Timeframe: Postdischarge Day 1

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Study Group23
Control Group32

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Incidence of Nausea

Percentage of participants with nausea (NCT00878228)
Timeframe: Postdischarge Day 1

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Study Group46
Control Group54

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Impact of Nausea and Vomiting on Quality of Life

Percentage of participants whose quality of life was impacted by nausea and vomiting (NCT00878228)
Timeframe: Postdischarge Day 1

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Study Group18
Control Group30

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Cmax - Maximum Observed Concentration

Bioequivalence based on Cmax (NCT00934180)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over 24 hour period

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Ondansetron32.096
Zofran®31.753

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AUC0-inf - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (Extrapolated)

Bioequivalence based on AUC0-inf (NCT00934180)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over 24 hour period

Interventionng*h/mL (Mean)
Ondansetron237.935
Zofran®237.458

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AUC0-t - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Non-zero Concentration (Per Participant)

Bioequivalence based on AUC0-t (NCT00934180)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over 24 hour period

Interventionng*h/mL (Mean)
Ondansetron224.155
Zofran®224.692

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AUC0-t - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Non-zero Concentration (Per Participant)

Bioequivalence based on AUC0-t (NCT00934921)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over 24 hour period

Interventionng*h/mL (Mean)
Ondansetron270.928
Zofran®276.641

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Cmax - Maximum Observed Concentration

Bioequivalence based on Cmax (NCT00934921)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over 24 hour period

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Ondansetron30.196
Zofran®30.892

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AUC0-inf - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (Extrapolated)

Bioequivalence based on AUC0-inf (NCT00934921)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over 24 hour period

Interventionng*h/mL (Mean)
Ondansetron293.492
Zofran®303.106

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Treatment Success Rate

Treatment success is defined as no nausea, no vomiting and no need for rescue medication (or complete response) within the first 6 treatment days. Treatment success rate defined as percentage of participants achieving treatment success. (NCT00954941)
Timeframe: First 6 treatment days

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Group 1: Ondansetron48
Group 2: Ondansetron + Aprepitant51

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Participant Responses

Participant response defined as: Complete response - no emetic episode, no nausea and no rescue medication during the administration of chemotherapy; Partial response - less than or equal to one episode of emesis in 24 hours, no rescue medication, and no more than moderate nausea (grade 2 National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE)) during chemotherapy. Vomit was defined as expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth, nausea as stomach distress with distaste for food and an urge to vomit, and rescue medication as antiemetic medications given to treat nausea and/or vomit that did not respond to the initial prophylactic regimen. Treatment success was defined as no nausea, no vomiting and no need for rescue medication within the first 6 treatment days with continuous monitoring. (NCT00954941)
Timeframe: First 6 treatment days

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Complete ResponsePartial ResponseNo Response
Group 1: Ondansetron20913
Group 2: Ondansetron + Aprepitant21128

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Change From Baseline in Nausea Severity Score

Severity of nausea was assessed at specific time points using an 11-point NRS scale (ranging from 0-10) for evaluation of nausea severity. On the 0-10 rating scale, 0 means no nausea, 2 or 3 was mild nausea, around 5 was moderate nausea, 7 and higher was severe nausea and 10 means the worst possible nausea. Higher scores were considered as worse outcome. (NCT00967499)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 72 hours postdose

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
BaselineChange at 72 hours postdose
Ondansetron5.9-5.6
Palonosetron5.7-5.1

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Percentage of Participants Who Did Not Receive Any Rescue Medication Post-surgical Procedure

(NCT00967499)
Timeframe: Up to 72 hours postdose

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Palonosetron37.5
Ondansetron44.0

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Percentage of Participants With Complete Response

Complete response was defined as participants with no emetic episode and no use of rescue medication. An emetic episodic is defined as any number of retches (unproductive emesis) in a single 5-minute period; 1 or a sequence of vomits in a close succession not relieved by a period of relaxation of at least 2 minutes; or retching of less than (<) 5 minutes duration combined with a single vomit. (NCT00967499)
Timeframe: Up to 72 hours postdose

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Palonosetron31.3
Ondansetron26.0

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Percentage of Participants With Complete Control

Complete control was defined as participants with no emetic episode, no rescue medication, and no more than 3 on the nausea numeric rating scale (NRS) severity score. The 11-point NRS scale (ranging from 0-10), where 0 means no nausea, 2 or 3 was mild nausea, around 5 was moderate nausea, 7 and higher was severe nausea and 10 means the worst possible nausea. Higher scores were considered as worse outcome. (NCT00967499)
Timeframe: Up to 72 hours postdose

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Palonosetron25.0
Ondansetron18.0

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Percentage of Participants Who Did Not Experience Any Episode of Emesis

(NCT00967499)
Timeframe: Up to 72 hours postdose

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Palonosetron70.8
Ondansetron52.0

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Modified Osoba Nausea and Emesis Module Questionnaire Score

"Modified Osoba nausea and emesis module questionnaire was used to assess the impact of nausea and emesis on functional interference at 24, 48 and 72 hours postdose. The modified Osoba questionnaire included specific questions regarding the interference of nausea and emesis in daily activities (appetite, sleep, physical activities, social life, and enjoyment of life) with respective choices. The raw score of the modified Osoba questionnaire was the arithmetic mean of the non-missing item scores, using 1 for the answer not at all, 2 for the answer a little, 3 for the answer quite a bit, and 4 for the answer very much. Raw score range from 5-20 and the total score was computed by linearly transformed the raw score to final score range as 0 to 100 by calculating ([RS-1]/range)*100, with RS being the raw score and range being 3 in this case of answers scored from 1 to 4. Lower scores indicate better quality of life." (NCT00967499)
Timeframe: 24, 48 and 72 hours postdose

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
24 Hours Postdose48 Hours Postdose72 Hours Postdose
Ondansetron12.17.06.2
Palonosetron11.36.56.7

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Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Zero to Infinity (AUC) of Ondansetron

(NCT00971633)
Timeframe: 0 (predose), 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours post dose

InterventionnM*hr (Least Squares Mean)
Treatment OE U.K. Tablet644
Treatment U.K. Tablet712
Treatment U.S. Tablet649

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Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Ondansetron

(NCT00971633)
Timeframe: 24 hours post dose

InterventionnM (Least Squares Mean)
Treatment OE U.K. Tablet82
Treatment U.K. Tablet93
Treatment U.S. Tablet86

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Peak Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for Ondansetron

(NCT00972595)
Timeframe: 24 hours post-dose

Interventionng/mL (Least Squares Mean)
OE U.K. Tablet41.3
U.K. Tablet41.8

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Plasma Area Under The Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC(0-infinity)) For Ondansetron

(NCT00972595)
Timeframe: 0 (predose), 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours postdose

Interventionng*hr/mL (Least Squares Mean)
OE U.K. Tablet257.8
U.K. Tablet262.6

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Brain Regions With Increases or Decreases in Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations (ALFF) Associated With Ondansetron Administration

Changes are reporting using Spearman's correlation coefficient, using within-subject factors of time (pre-naloxone, post-naloxone) and pre-treatment (placebo, ondansetron). Changes in Objective Opioid Withdrawal Scale (OOWS) and Subjective Opioid Withdrawal Scale (SOWS) with correlation coefficient >0.45 are reported. The OOWS consists of 13 observable physical symptoms assessed over a 5-minute observation period and scored as present (score of 1) or absent (score of 0). The total OOWS scores is determined by summing the scores of the 13 items. OOWS scores can range from 0 to 13; lower scores correspond to fewer symptoms. SOWS consists of 16 physical and emotional symptoms rated by the participant on a scale from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely), to indicate the extent to which the symptom describes how they are feeling at the time. The total SOWS score is determined by summing the scores of the 16 items. Scores range from 0 to 64; lower scores correspond to fewer symptoms. (NCT01006707)
Timeframe: 36 minutes

Interventioncorrelation coefficient (Number)
Left inferior frontal gyrus, orbital (OOWS)Right inferior frontal gyrus, orbital (OOWS)Right superior frontal gyrus, medial (SOWS)Right inferior frontal gyrus, orbital (SOWS)Left superior temporal gyrus (OOWS)Left caudate head (SOWS)
All Ondansetron0.5190.5620.4780.486-0.6120.475

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Objective Opioid Withdrawal Scale Score 15 Minutes Following Ondansetron or Placebo Administration

The OOWS consists of 13 observable physical symptoms that are assessed over a five-minute observation period and scored as present (score of 1) or absent (score of 0). The total OOWS scores is determined by summing the scores of the 13 items. OOWS scores can range from a low of 0 to a high of 13. A score of 0 would suggest that no objective signs of withdrawal were observed while a score of 13 would suggest that every observable sign of withdrawal was observed. (NCT01006707)
Timeframe: 15 Minutes Following Ondansetron or Placebo Administration

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ondansetron2.7
Placebo2.2

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Subjective Opioid Withdrawal Scale (SOWS) Score 20 Minutes Following Ondansetron or Placebo Administration

The SOWS consists of 16 physical and emotional symptoms that are rated by the participant on a scale from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely), to indicate the extent to which the symptom describes how they are feeling at the time. The total SOWS score is determined by summing the scores of the 16 items. Scores range from a low of 0 to a high of 64. A score of 0 would suggest that the individual is experiencing no symptoms of withdrawal while a score of 64 would suggest that the individual is experiencing all 16 symptoms of withdrawal to the fullest extent possible. (NCT01006707)
Timeframe: 20 minutes following Ondansetron or Placebo administration

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ondansetron5.7
Placebo8.1

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Objective Opioid Withdrawal Scale Score 5 Minutes Following Ondansetron or Placebo Administration

The OOWS consists of 13 observable physical symptoms that are assessed over a five-minute observation period and scored as present (score of 1) or absent (score of 0). The total OOWS scores is determined by summing the scores of the 13 items. OOWS scores can range from a low of 0 to a high of 13. A score of 0 would suggest that no objective signs of withdrawal were observed while a score of 13 would suggest that every observable sign of withdrawal was observed. (NCT01006707)
Timeframe: 5 Minutes Following Ondansetron or Placebo Administration

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ondansetron1
Placebo2

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Number of Patients With Complete Response

Number of emesis (vomiting) episodes and no use of rescue medication during the administration of chemotherapy assessed as complete response. Complete response is defined as < or equal to 1 episode of emesis during entire 7-day study period, no use of of rescue medication during the study period, and no more than moderate nausea (Grade 2, National Cancer Institutes (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria (CTC)) during chemotherapy. (NCT01031498)
Timeframe: 7 days, starting first day of chemotherapy

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Ondansetron: Standard of Care11
Palonosetron Group 1 (5 Days)15
Palonosetron Group 2 (3 Days)18

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Brain NK1-receptor Occupancy at the Time of the Maximum Concentration (Tmax)

(NCT01111851)
Timeframe: 30 minutes after the end of the 20-minute infusion of fosaprepitant or at 4 hours after oral dosing of aprepitant

InterventionPercent of occupancy (Geometric Mean)
Fosaprepitant 150 mg100.25
Aprepitant 165 mg99.99

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Brain NK1-receptor Occupancy at 120 Hours Post Dose

(NCT01111851)
Timeframe: 120 hours post dose

InterventionPercent of occupancy (Geometric Mean)
Fosaprepitant 150 mg59.93
Aprepitant 165 mg54.32

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Brain NK1-receptor Occupancy at 24 Hours Post Dose

(NCT01111851)
Timeframe: 24 hours post dose

InterventionPercent of occupancy (Geometric Mean)
Fosaprepitant 150 mg100.40
Aprepitant 165 mg100.20

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Brain NK1-receptor Occupancy at 48 Hours Post Dose

(NCT01111851)
Timeframe: 48 hours post dose

InterventionPercent of occupancy (Geometric Mean)
Fosaprepitant 150 mg98.62
Aprepitant 165 mg98.79

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Intraoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Comparison of intraoperative nausea and vomiting between the 3 groups. (NCT01216410)
Timeframe: Intraoperatively

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Combination Group23
Metoclopramide31
Phenylephrine Infusion49

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Maternal Hemodynamics

The number of patients with systolic blood pressure decrease to less than 20 % of baseline intraoperatively (NCT01216410)
Timeframe: Intraoperatively

Interventionparticipants with SBP< 20 % baseline (Number)
Combination Group16
Metoclopramide19
Phenylephrine Infusion16

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Pruritus

(NCT01216410)
Timeframe: 0-24 hrs

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Combination Group95
Metoclopramide93
Phenylephrine Infusion97

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Satisfaction

1=very satisfied, 2=somewhat satisfied, 3= neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, 4=somewhat dissatisfied, 5= very dissatisfied. Number of very satisfied subjects posted. (NCT01216410)
Timeframe: 24 h

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Combination Group94
Metoclopramide85
Phenylephrine Infusion87

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Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)

(NCT01216410)
Timeframe: 0-2h, 2-6h, 6-24h

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
0-2 hrs PONV2-6 hrs PONV6-24 hrs PONV
Combination Group202822
Metoclopramide333526
Phenylephrine Infusion394122

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Cmax

Maximum Plasma Concentration occurring at Tmax (Time to reach maximum concentration) (NCT01217190)
Timeframe: 0,0.33,0.67,1,1.33,1.67,2,2.33,2.67,3,4,6,8,10,12,15,18,24 hours

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Ondansetron ODFS37.282
Zofran ODT41.108

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AUCt

Area Under Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time Zero to Last Measurable Concentration (NCT01217190)
Timeframe: 0,0.33,0.67,1,1.33,1.67,2,2.33,2.67,3,4,6,8,10,12,15,18,24 hours

Interventionng*hr/mL (Mean)
Ondansetron ODFS216.269
Zofran ODT239.463

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AUCinf

Area Under Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time Zero to Time Infinity (NCT01217190)
Timeframe: 0,0.33,0.67,1,1.33,1.67,2,2.33,2.67,3,4,6,8,10,12,15,18,24 hours

Interventionnghr/mL (Mean)
Ondansetron ODFS225.032
Zofran ODT250.673

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Area Under Plasma Concentration

Calculation of the AUC-Time Curve will be conducted to determine bio-equivalence. (NCT01217801)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 7

Interventionng*hr/ml (Mean)
Film213.7
Tablet225.9

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AUCt

"Area Under Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time Zero to Last Measurable Concentration (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours post-dose)" (NCT01220167)
Timeframe: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours post-dose

Interventionng*hr/mL (Mean)
ODFS without waterODFS with waterZofran ODT
Ondansetron ODFS With and Without Water and Zofran ODT290.687291.069285.457

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Cmax

Maximum Plasma Concentration (Time to reach maximum concentration) (NCT01220167)
Timeframe: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours post-dose

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
ODFS without waterODFS with waterZofran ODT
Ondansetron ODFS With or Without Water and Zofran ODT40.86642.84339.382

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AUCinf

Area Under Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time Zero to Time Infinity (NCT01220167)
Timeframe: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours post-dose

Interventionng*hr/mL (Mean)
ODFS without waterODFS with waterZofran ODT
Ondansetron ODFS With and Without Water and Zofran ODT311.349310.394306.497

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Number of Subjects Who Discontinue Due to Side Effects

The investigators will count the number of subjects who discontinue medication during the 16-week intervention period due to complaints of side effects. (NCT01254877)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo Ondansetron - Sugar Pill0
Low Dose Ondansetron (0.2 mg Bid)0
Moderate Dose Ondansetron (0.8 mg Bid)0

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Number of Days/Week Abstinent From Alcohol

The Time-line Follow-back (Sobell, Sobell, Leo & Cancilla, 1988) is used to obtain this secondary dependent measure. Alcohol use will be assessed biweekly and quantified over the 16-week medication period. Number of days/week abstinent from alcohol is calculated as the number of abstinent days divided by the number of study medication days (adjusted for days in confinement (e.g., hospitalization; jail)) and multiplied by 7. (NCT01254877)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

Interventiondays/week abstinent from alcohol (Mean)
Placebo Ondansetron - Sugar Pill4.7
Low Dose Ondansetron (0.2 mg Bid)4.9
Moderate Dose Ondansetron (0.8 mg Bid)4.8

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Number of Alcoholic Containing Drinks Per Drinking Day

The Time-line Follow-back (TLFB; Sobell, Sobell, Leo & Cancilla, 1988) is conducted as an interview administered by trained and certified research staff. The interview obtains participant self-reports of daily drinking, including number and type of alcoholic beverages. These data are used to quantify an individual's drinking pattern including the number of drinks per drinking day and drinking frequency. The TLFB was completed biweekly and quantified over the 16-week medication period (NCT01254877)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

InterventionStandard alcohol drinks per drinking day (Mean)
Placebo Ondansetron - Sugar Pill5.9
Low Dose Ondansetron (0.2 mg Bid)6.1
Moderate Dose Ondansetron (0.8 mg Bid)5.9

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Medication Safety

Medication side-effects and adverse events were measured using the Systematic Assessment for Treatment of Emergent Events (SAFTEE). The SAFTEE contains 25 detailed questions that systematically address 29 body systems. A trained interviewer elicits information about onset, duration, pattern, and judgment of attribution. For the present trial outcome, we report number of events. (NCT01254877)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

Interventionnumber of events (Mean)
Placebo Ondansetron - Sugar Pill11.4
Low Dose Ondansetron (0.2 mg Bid)12.4
Moderate Dose Ondansetron (0.8 mg Bid)11.0

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HIV Medication Adherence

The investigators will obtain patient self reports of the number of HIV medication doses taken as a function of the total number of doses prescribed. The adherence measure is expressed as the % of prescribed doses. (NCT01254877)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

Interventionpercentage of prescribed doses (Mean)
Placebo Ondansetron - Sugar Pill92.4
Low Dose Ondansetron (0.2 mg Bid)87.6
Moderate Dose Ondansetron (0.8 mg Bid)85.4

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Percentage of Participants With No Vomiting in the Overall Phase of Cycle 1

Overall phase was defined as 0 to 120 hourse after the start of chemotherapy. No vomiting was defined as no emesis or retching or dry heaves in the overall phase of Cycle 1. (NCT01362530)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 hours after initiation of chemotherapy

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Aprepitant Regimen46.7
Control Regimen21.3

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Percentage of Participants With a Complete Response in the Overall Phase of Cycle 1

Overall phase was defined as 0 to 120 hourse after the start of chemotherapy. Complete response was defined as no vomiting or retching and no use of rescue medication in the overall phase of Cycle 1. (NCT01362530)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 hours after initiation of chemotherapy

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Aprepitant Regimen40.1
Control Regimen20.0

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Percentage of Participants With a Complete Response in the Delayed Phase of Cycle 1

Delayed Phase was defined as 25-120 hours after the start of chemotherapy. Complete response was defined as no vomiting or retching and no use of rescue medication in the delayed phase of Cycle 1. (NCT01362530)
Timeframe: 25 to 120 hours after the start of chemotherapy

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Aprepitant Regimen50.7
Control Regimen26.0

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Percentage of Participants With a Complete Response in the Acute Phase of Cycle 1

Acute phase was defined as 0 to 24 hours after the start of chemotherapy. Complete response was defined as no vomiting or retching and no use of rescue medication in the acute phase of Cycle 1. (NCT01362530)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours after initiation of chemotherapy

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Aprepitant Regimen66.4
Control Regimen52.0

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Patients Who Experience First Emetic Episode Within 24 Hours

Number of patients with first emetic episode experienced within 24 hours (NCT01370408)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Palonosetron15

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Number of Patients That Required First Administration of Rescue Medication Within 24 Hours

Number of patients who required the use of rescue medication (lorazepam, prochlorperazine, promethazine, metoclopramide, scopolamine, or dronabinol) within the first 24 hours (NCT01370408)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Palonosetron46

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Number of Patients That Experience Treatment Failure Within the First 24 Hours

Number of patients with first emetic episode or time to administration of rescue therapy, whichever occurred first, within the first 24 hours (NCT01370408)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Palonosetron49

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Complete Response Rate for Delayed Chemotherapy Induced Nausea & Vomiting

Proportion of patients achieving a delayed CINV complete response (CR) defined as no emetic episode and no use of rescue medications during the 24-120 hour period post chemotherapy. (NCT01370408)
Timeframe: 120 hours

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Palonosetron13

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Complete Remission During Overall Chemotherapy Time Period

Proportion of patients achieving a CR during the cumulative overall 0-120 hour time period (NCT01370408)
Timeframe: 120 hours

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Palonosetron10

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Complete Remission During Acute Phase Post-chemotherapy

Proportion of patients achieving an acute CINV CR during the acute phase post -chemotherapy (0-24 hours) (NCT01370408)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Palonosetron33

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Complete Control Rate for Nausea & Vomiting

Complete control rate (CC; defined as no emetic episodes, no rescue medication use, and no more than mild nausea) (NCT01370408)
Timeframe: 120 hours

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Palonosetron8

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Emetic Episodes

Number of emetic episodes (NCT01370408)
Timeframe: 120 Hours

Interventionepisodes (Mean)
Palonosetron1.7

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Proportion of Patients With no Vomiting

Time 0 (T0) was defined as the time when the patient wakes up and is able to show any active reaction postoperatively. (NCT01395901)
Timeframe: 0-24 hours after T0

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Palonosetron and Placebo to Ondansetron83.1
Ondansetron and Placebo to Palonosetron87.6

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Proportion of Patients Without Emetic Episodes

An emetic episode was defined as one or more continuous vomits (expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth) or retches (an attempt to vomit that is not productive of stomach contents). Time 0 (T0) was defined as the time when the patient wakes up and is able to show any active reaction postoperatively. (NCT01395901)
Timeframe: 0-24 hours after T0

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Palonosetron and Placebo to Ondansetron80.1
Ondansetron and Placebo to Palonosetron83.9

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Proportion of Patients Without Antiemetic Rescue Medication

Rescue medications are any medications with potential antiemetic effect taken in the 24 hours after patient wake-up from anaesthesia (T0).Time 0 (T0) was defined as the time when the patient wakes up and is able to show any active reaction postoperatively. (NCT01395901)
Timeframe: 0-24 hours after T0

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Palonosetron and Placebo to Ondansetron93.1
Ondansetron and Placebo to Palonosetron96.4

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Proportion of Patients With Complete Response

Complete Response was defined as no vomiting, no retching, and no use of antiemetic rescue medication during the first 24 hours postoperatively, starting at T0. Time 0 (T0) was defined as the time when the patient wakes up and is able to show any active reaction postoperatively. (NCT01395901)
Timeframe: 0-24 hours after T0

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Palonosetron and Placebo to Ondansetron78.2
Ondansetron and Placebo to Palonosetron82.7

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Proportion of Patients Without Nausea (Patient Aged > 6 Years)

(NCT01395901)
Timeframe: 0-24 hours after T0

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Palonosetron and Placebo to Ondansetron83.2
Ondansetron and Placebo to Palonosetron82.0

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Proportion of Patients With Complete Response >24 to 120 Hours (Delayed Phase) in Cycle 1

Complete Response (CR) was defined as no vomiting, no retching, and no use of antiemetic rescue medication from >24 to 120 hours (delayed phase) after T0 (start of administration of the most emetogenic chemotherapy) during first cycle. (NCT01442376)
Timeframe: from >24 to 120 hours (delayed phase) after T0

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Palonosetron 10 mcg/kg28.9
Palonosetron 20 mcg/kg38.8
Ondansetron28.4

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Proportion of Patients With Complete Response 0 to 24 Hours (Acute Phase) in Cycle 1

Complete Response (CR) was defined as no vomiting, no retching, and no use of antiemetic rescue medication from 0 to 24 hours (acute phase) after T0 (start of administration of the most emetogenic chemotherapy) during first cycle. Time 0 (T0) is defined as the time when the patient starts the first cycle of chemotherapy. (NCT01442376)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours after T0

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Palonosetron 10 mcg/kg54.2
Palonosetron 20 mcg/kg59.4
Ondansetron58.6

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Patient's Global Satisfaction With the Antiemetic Regimen

"Patients' global satisfaction with the antiemetic regimen is measured using the Osoba survey, which was administered on days 1-7. This survey asks patients In the past 24 hours, did vomiting or dry heaves a) interfere with your appetite, b) affect your sleep, c) interfere with your physical activities, d) interfere with your social life, and e) interfere with your enjoyment of life? Patients responded on a scale of 1-4 ranging from 'Not at all' to 'Very much.' Global satisfaction was defined as responding 'Not at all' for all questions related to vomiting/retching for each study day. The proportion of patients responding 'Not at all' for all Osoba vomiting/retching questions over the study period is reported." (NCT01450826)
Timeframe: 7 days

Interventionproportion of patients (Number)
Aprepitant+Ondansetron0.87
Ondansetron0.81

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Proportion of Patients Achieving an Acute and Delayed Complete Response (CR)

CR is the proportion of patients with no emetic episode and no rescue medication. (1) Assessed from the beginning of study day 1, CR is defined for acute CINV as no emetic episode and no use of rescue anti-nausea medication during the first 24 hours following chemotherapy administration. An emetic episode is defined as one episode of vomiting or a sequence of episodes in very close succession not relieved by a period of relaxation of at least 1 min, any number of unproductive emetic episodes (retches) in any given 5 minute period, or an episode of retching lasting <5 minutes combined with vomiting not relieved by a period of relaxation of at least 1 minute; (2) Complete response (CR) on study days 2-7 (delayed CINV) is defined as the proportion of patients achieving a CR during the delayed time period. The data will be captured by the validated ultinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Anti-emesis Tool (MAT)/Osoba survey. (NCT01450826)
Timeframe: 7 days

,
Interventionproportion of patients (Number)
Acute CINV CRDelayed CINV CR
Aprepitant+Ondansetron0.970.59
Ondansetron0.880.58

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Proportion of Patients Achieving Complete Control (CC)

Complete control (CC): study days 1-7 (acute and delayed CINV) the proportion of patients achieving complete control (CC); defined as no emetic episode, no need for rescue medication during days 1-7; number of emetic episodes daily; time to first emetic episode; as captured by the MAT (MASCC Antiemesis Tool)/Osoba survey (MASCC refers to Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer™). Severity of nausea and other toxicities measured daily by the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria (version 4.0). (NCT01450826)
Timeframe: 7 days

Interventionproportion of patients (Number)
Aprepitant+Ondansetron0.59
Ondansetron0.55

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Time to Treatment Failure

Median time in days to first emetic episode or first need of rescue medication, whichever occurred first as measured by the MAT/Osoba survey, among those patients experiencing an emetic episode or need of rescue medication (NCT01450826)
Timeframe: 7 days

Interventiondays (Median)
Aprepitant+Ondansetron5
Ondansetron4

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Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Scores on a Verbal Response Scale

"To assess the efficacy of triple therapy with Scopolamine, Ondansetron and Dexamethasone for prevention of post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in high risk patients during a delayed period after neurological surgery under general anesthesia.~- Assess the severity of nausea and vomiting during the first 24 hours after neurological surgery.~Nausea is evaluated by a standard verbal response scale (VRS) ranging from 0-10, 0 being no nausea and 10 being severe nausea. Vomiting is evaluated by the investigator or nursing staff numerically as either 0, no vomiting;, 1, mild vomiting;, 2, moderate vomiting;, or 3, severe vomiting." (NCT01474915)
Timeframe: 24 hours post-operatively

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Nausea episodesVomiting episodes
Aprepitant11.5
Ondansetron11.5

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Proportion of Patients With a Complete Response/Complete Control During the First 24 Hours After Neurological Surgery Under General Anesthesia

"To assess the efficacy of triple therapy with Scopolamine, Ondansetron and Dexamethasone for prevention of post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in high risk patients during the first 24 hours after neurological surgery under general anesthesia.~- Proportion of patients with a complete response/complete control during the first 24 hours after neurological surgery under general anesthesia.~Complete Control is defined as no emetic episode, no need for rescue medication and no more than mild nausea overall after neurological surgery and general anesthesia.~Complete Response is defined as no vomiting and no rescue therapy after neurological surgery and general anesthesia." (NCT01474915)
Timeframe: 24 hours post operatively

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Complete ControlComplete Response
Aprepitant3830
Ondansetron4130

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Quantify the Amounts of Phenergan Used Between the Two Groups.

(NCT01510379)
Timeframe: one week

Interventionmg (Mean)
Reletex42
Control57.6

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Comparison of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Scores Between Groups Treated With a ReletexTM Device and Those Without the Device.

Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Likert scale, 0-10 (0=no PONV, 10=worst PONV). (NCT01510379)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Reletex1.81
Control2.03

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Percentage of Participants With Response Rate to Anti Emetic Therapy 0-24 Hours Each Chemotherapy Cycle

The response rates to anti-emetic therapy (no emetic or retching episodes and no rescue medication use) in the acute (0-24 hours) phase. Responses tabulated to 4 items of Morisky Medication Adherence measure for each treatment group by cycle of therapy. Elements summarized of Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis and for pill counts/compliance for each treatment group by cycle of therapy. Descriptive statistics summarize total scores for Osoba Module, used to measure effect of nausea and vomiting on quality of life, for each treatment group by cycle of therapy. Osoba Nausea and Emesis Module; higher scores indicate worse quality of life. Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Higher scores indicate higher compliance. Morisky Medication Adherence Scale is Yes=0 and No=1 , zero is the lowest level of medication adherence, and 4 is the highest level of medication adherence. (NCT01536392)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 24 hours post-chemotherapy, through 5 cycles of chemotherapy measured each cycle, an average of 6 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm 1: Transdermal Granisetron49.8
Arm 2: Oral Ondansetron39.7

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Percentage of Participants With Response Rate to Anti-Emetic Therapy Days 4-7 Each Chemotherapy Cycle

Response defined as no emetic or retching episodes and no rescue medication use during late onset phase (4-7 days post-chemotherapy) measured each cycle. Responses tabulated to 4 items of Morisky Medication Adherence measure for each treatment group by cycle of therapy. Elements summarized of Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis and for pill counts/compliance for each treatment group by cycle of therapy. Descriptive statistics summarize total scores for Osoba Module, used to measure effect of nausea and vomiting on quality of life, for each treatment group by cycle of therapy. Osoba Nausea and Emesis Module; higher scores indicate worse quality of life. Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Higher scores indicate higher compliance. Morisky Medication Adherence Scale is Yes=0 and No=1 , zero is the lowest level of medication adherence, and 4 is the highest level of medication adherence. (NCT01536392)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to 7 days post-chemotherapy, through 5 cycles of chemotherapy measured each cycle, an average of 6 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm 1: Transdermal Granisetron49.8
Arm 2: Oral Ondansetron39.7

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Change in Objective Opioid Withdrawal Score (OOWS) From Baseline (Prevention of Opioid Withdrawal)

"Originally developed by Handelsman, the Objective Opioid Withdrawal Scale (OOWS) score is a well-characterized measure of opioid withdrawal in humans, calculated as the sum of a 13-item physician assessment documenting physically observable signs of withdrawal, which are rated as present (1) or absent (0) during the observation period. The minimum score of 0 means the patient is not showing any signs of opioid withdrawal. The maximum score of 13 signifies all signs of opioid withdrawal to the largest extent possible.~Immediately prior to ondansetron or placebo administration a baseline OOWS score was taken. 30 minutes later participants received naloxone, then 15 minutes later an OOWS score was taken. If deemed necessary by the clinician, participants may have received a second naloxone dose (25 minutes following 1st naloxone dose), then 15 minutes later an OOWS score was taken. Change from the baseline OOWS score to the score assessed following the last naloxone dose is reported." (NCT01549652)
Timeframe: Baseline; 15 minutes following last naloxone dose

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Change in OOWS (Ondansetron)Change in OOWS (Placebo)
Prevention of Opioid Withdrawal3.63.6

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Change in Objective Opioid Withdrawal Score From Baseline (Prevention of Physical Dependence)

"Originally developed by Handelsman, the OOWS score is a well-characterized measure of opioid withdrawal in humans, calculated as the sum of a 13-item physician assessment documenting physically observable signs of withdrawal, which are rated as present (1) or absent (0) during the observation period. The maximum score is 13 and suggests the patient is showing all signs of opioid withdrawal to the largest extent possible. The minimum score of 0 suggests the patient is not showing any signs of opioid withdrawal.~Immediately prior to ondansetron or placebo administration a baseline OOWS score was taken. 30 minutes later participants received naloxone, then 15 minutes later an OOWS score was taken. If necessary (as deemed by the clinician), participants may have received a second naloxone dose (25 minutes following 1st naloxone dose), then 15 minutes later an OOWS score was taken. Change from the baseline OOWS score to the score assessed following the last naloxone dose is reported." (NCT01549652)
Timeframe: Baseline; 15 minutes following last naloxone dose

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Change in OOWS (Ondansetron)Change in OOWS (Placebo)
Prevention of Physical Dependence4.54.2

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Change in Roland-Morris Disability (RMDI) Index From Baseline (Prevention of Physical Dependence)

The Roland-Morris Disability Index is a 24-question instrument used to assess level of disability from lower back pain. Scores range from 0-24 with lower scores corresponding to fewer symptoms. Change is from baseline score (taken at the beginning of the first study visit, prior to beginning of titration into morphine) to the score taken after taking morphine for 30 days (score taken at the beginning of second study visit). (NCT01549652)
Timeframe: 2 study days 1 month apart (at the start of each study visit)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Change in RMDI (Ondansetron)Change in RMDI (Placebo)
Prevention of Physical Dependence-4.6-2.0

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Change in Subjective Opioid Withdrawal Score (SOWS) From Baseline (Prevention of Opioid Withdrawal)

The Subjective Opioid Withdrawal Score (SOWS) score is calculated as the sum of 16 subjective patient-reported symptom scores rated on a scale of 0 to 4 (0=not at all, 4=extremely) based on what subjects were experiencing at the time of testing. A maximum score of 64 would suggest the patient is experiencing the symptoms of withdrawal to the maximum extent possible while the lowest score of 0 would suggest the patient is not experiencing any of the symptoms of withdrawal. Immediately prior to ondansetron or placebo administration a baseline SOWS score was taken. 30 minutes later participants received naloxone, then 15 minutes later an SOWS score was taken. If necessary (as deemed by the clinician), participants may have received a second naloxone dose (25 minutes following 1st naloxone dose), then 15 minutes later an SOWS score was taken. Change from the baseline SOWS score to the score assessed following the last naloxone dose is reported (NCT01549652)
Timeframe: Baseline; 15 minutes following last naloxone dose

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Change in SOWS (Ondansetron)Change in SOWS (Placebo)
Prevention of Opioid Withdrawal12.512.2

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Change in Subjective Opioid Withdrawal Score From Baseline (Prevention of Physical Dependence)

The SOWS score is composed of 16 subjective symptoms rated on a scale of 0 to 4 (0=not at all, 4=extremely) based on what subjects were experiencing at the time of testing. A maximum score of 64 would suggest the patient is experiencing the symptoms of withdrawal to the maximum extent possible while the lowest score of 0 would suggest the patient is not experiencing any of the symptoms of withdrawal. Immediately prior to ondansetron or placebo administration a baseline SOWS score was taken. 30 minutes later participants received naloxone, then 15 minutes later an SOWS score was taken. If necessary (as deemed by the clinician), participants may have received a second naloxone dose (25 minutes following 1st naloxone dose), then 15 minutes later an SOWS score was taken. Change from the baseline SOWS score to the score assessed following the last naloxone dose is reported (NCT01549652)
Timeframe: Baseline; 15 minutes following last naloxone dose

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Change in SOWS (Ondansetron)Change in SOWS (Placebo)
Prevention of Physical Dependence16.412.0

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Profile of Mood States (POMS) Change in Score From Baseline (Prevention of Opioid Withdrawal)

Profile of Mood States (POMS) is a 65-question survey of how participants have been feeling over the past week, assessing tension, depression, anger, fatigue, confusion and vigor. Each question is on a 5-point scale: 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely). Overall score range: 0 to 200 (lower scores corresponding to fewer symptoms), calculated by adding total scores for tension, depression, anger, fatigue and confusing, and subtracting that total score from the total score for vigor. Immediately prior to ondansetron or placebo administration a baseline POMS score was taken. 30 minutes later participants received naloxone, then 15 minutes later a POMS score was taken. If necessary (as deemed by the clinician), participants may have received a second naloxone dose (25 minutes following 1st naloxone dose), then 15 minutes later an POMS score was taken. Change from the baseline POMS score to the score assessed following the last naloxone dose is reported. (NCT01549652)
Timeframe: Baseline; 15 minutes following last naloxone dose

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Change in POMS Score (Ondansetron)Change in POMS Score (Placebo)
Prevention of Opioid Withdrawal29.328.3

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Profile of Mood States (POMS) Change in Score From Baseline (Prevention of Physical Dependence)

(Profile of Mood States) POMS is a 65-question survey of how participants have been feeling over the past week, assessing tension, depression, anger, fatigue, confusion and vigor. Each question is on a 5-point scale: 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely). Overall score range: 0 to 200 (lower scores corresponding to fewer symptoms), calculated by adding total scores for tension, depression, anger, fatigue and confusing, and subtracting that total score from the total score for vigor. Immediately prior to ondansetron or placebo administration a baseline POMS score was taken. 30 minutes later participants received naloxone, then 15 minutes later a POMS score was taken. If necessary (as deemed by the clinician), participants may have received a second naloxone dose (25 minutes following 1st naloxone dose), then 15 minutes later an POMS score was taken. Change from the baseline POMS score to the score assessed following the last naloxone dose is reported. (NCT01549652)
Timeframe: Baseline; 15 minutes following last naloxone dose

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Change in POMS (Ondansetron)Change in POMS (Placebo)
Prevention of Physical Dependence36.129.2

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Change in Pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) From Baseline (Prevention of Physical Dependence)

The VAS is a 0 to 100 millimeter scale where 0 corresponds to no pain and 100 to extreme pain, used by participants to indicated their level of pain over the last two weeks. Change is from baseline score for average level of pain (taken at the beginning of the first study visit, prior to beginning of titration into morphine) to the score taken after taking morphine for 30 days (score taken at the beginning of second study visit). (NCT01549652)
Timeframe: 2 study days 1 month apart (at the start of each study visit)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Change in VAS Score (Ondansetron)Change in VAS Score (Placebo)
Prevention of Physical Dependence-2.9-2.8

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Beck Depression Inventory Score (BDIS) Change From Baseline (Prevention of Physical Dependence)

The Beck Depression Inventory (a 21-item self-report multiple-choice inventory) yields a single summed score between 0 and 63; higher scores indicate more severe depression. Change is from baseline score (taken at the beginning of the first study visit, prior to beginning of titration into morphine) to the score taken after taking morphine for 30 days (score taken at the beginning of second study visit). (NCT01549652)
Timeframe: 2 study days 1 month apart (at the start of each study visit)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Change in BDIS (Ondansetron)Change in BDIS (Placebo)
Prevention of Physical Dependence-0.60.2

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Change in Roland-Morris Disability Index (RMDI) From Baseline (Prevention of Opioid Withdrawal)

The Roland-Morris Disability Index is a 24-question instrument used to assess level of disability from lower back pain. Scores range from 0-24 with lower scores corresponding to fewer symptoms. Change is from baseline score (taken at the beginning of the first study visit, prior to beginning of titration into morphine) to the score taken after taking morphine for 30 days (score taken prior to receiving ondansetron or placebo, at the beginning of second study visit). (NCT01549652)
Timeframe: 2 study days 1 month apart (at the start of each study visit)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Prevention of Opioid Withdrawal-2.59

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Change in Pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) From Baseline (Prevention of Opioid Withdrawal)

The VAS is a 0 to 100 millimeter scale where 0 corresponds to no pain and 100 to extreme pain, used by participants to indicated their level of pain over the last two weeks. Change is from baseline score for average level of pain (taken at the beginning of the first study visit, prior to beginning of titration into morphine) to the score taken after taking morphine for 30 days (score taken prior to receiving ondansetron or placebo, at the beginning of second study visit). (NCT01549652)
Timeframe: 2 study days 1 month apart (at the start of each study visit)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Prevention of Opioid Withdrawal-2.68

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Beck Depression Inventory Score (BDIS) Change From Baseline (Prevention of Opioid Withdrawal)

The Beck Depression Inventory (a 21-item self-report multiple-choice inventory) yields a single summed score between 0 and 63; higher scores indicate more severe depression. Change is from baseline score (taken at the beginning of the first study visit, prior to beginning of titration into morphine) to the score taken after taking morphine for 30 days (score taken prior to receiving ondansetron or placebo, at the beginning of second study visit). (NCT01549652)
Timeframe: 2 study days 1 month apart (at the start of each study visit)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Prevention of Opioid Withdrawal-0.44

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Hospital Length of Stay

Anesthesia start time determined from anesthesia portion of the medical record. Time at which discharge order was placed will serve as time of discharge. (NCT01592708)
Timeframe: Anesthesia start time to placement of hospital discharge order - average 26 - 28 hours

Interventionhours (Median)
Intervention Cohort26.4
Comparison Cohort28.2

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Post-discharge Nausea

To be assessed based on patient diary completed daily for 1 week following discharge to home from the hospital (NCT01592708)
Timeframe: 1 week from discharge from hospital

Interventionpercentage of subjects with PDN (Number)
Intervention Cohort72
Comparison Cohort60

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Post-discharge Vomiting

(NCT01592708)
Timeframe: 1 week post discharge

Interventionpercentage of subjects with PDV (Number)
Intervention Cohort22
Comparison Cohort29

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Post-operative Nausea

End of surgery time determined by anesthesia portion of the medical record. PONV to be assessed by review of surgeons' and nurses' notes in the medical record as well as through review of patient diaries. Vomiting constitutes a safety issue and, as such, associated adverse events will be noted. (NCT01592708)
Timeframe: End of surgery to discharge from hospital

Interventionpercentage of subjects with PON (Number)
Intervention Cohort24
Comparison Cohort70

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Post-operative Vomiting

(NCT01592708)
Timeframe: End of surgery to discharge from hospital

Interventionpercentage of subjects with POV (Number)
Intervention Cohort11
Comparison Cohort28

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Percentage of Participants With Complete Response From 0 to 120 Hours After Initiation of MEC

A Complete Response was defined as no vomiting and no use of rescue medication. (NCT01594749)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 hours after initiation of MEC

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Fosaprepitant Regimen77.1
Control Regimen66.9

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Percentage of Participants With Severe Infusion-site Reactions

The percentages of participants with severe infusion-site reactions, including severe site pain, or severe site redness (erythema) or severe site hardness (induration) are presented. (NCT01594749)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 17, inclusive

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Fosaprepitant Regimen0.0
Control Regimen0.0

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Percentage of Participants With No Vomiting From 0 to 120 Hours After Initiation of MEC

No Vomiting was defined as no emetic (vomiting) episodes, including no vomiting and no retching or dry heaves (attempts to vomit that are not productive of stomach contents), regardless of use of rescue medication. (NCT01594749)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 hours after initiation of MEC

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Fosaprepitant Regimen82.7
Control Regimen72.9

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Percentage of Participants With Infusion-site Thrombophlebitis

The percentages of participants with infusion-site thrombophlebitis are presented. Thrombophlebitis was defined as a condition affecting a superficial vein used for an IV infusion, associated with red color, hardness upon palpation, and the presence of a tender cord and possible fever. (NCT01594749)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 17, inclusive

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Fosaprepitant Regimen0.6
Control Regimen0.0

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Percentage of Participants With Complete Response From 25 to 120 Hours After Initiation of Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy (MEC)

A Complete Response was defined as no vomiting and no use of rescue medication. (NCT01594749)
Timeframe: 25 to 120 hours after initiation of MEC

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Fosaprepitant Regimen78.9
Control Regimen68.5

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Percentage of Participants With Complete Response From 0 to 24 Hours After Initiation of MEC

A Complete Response was defined as no vomiting and no use of rescue medication. (NCT01594749)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours after initiation of MEC

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Fosaprepitant Regimen93.2
Control Regimen91.0

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Percentage of Participants With No Vomiting and No Significant Nausea - Overall Stage

"Nausea was to be assessed using a 100-mm horizontal visual analogue scale (VAS) located in the participant diary labeled: How much nausea have you had over the last 24 hours? The left end of the scale (0 mm) was labeled no nausea, and the right end of the scale (100 mm) is labeled nausea as bad as it could be. In this study, No Significant Nausea was defined as a VAS nausea rating <25 mm." (NCT01636947)
Timeframe: Days 1 to Day 5

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Aprepitant Regimen76.4
Control Regimen72.4

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Percentage of Participants With No Vomiting - Acute and Delayed Stages

A vomiting episode was defined as one or more episodes of emesis (expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth) or retches (an attempt to vomit that is not productive of stomach contents). Acute Stage=0 to 24 hours after initiation of MEC. Delayed Stage=25 to 120 hours after initiation of MEC. (NCT01636947)
Timeframe: Day 1, Day 2 to Day 5

,
InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Acute StageDelayed Stage
Aprepitant Regimen95.878.5
Control Regimen98.872.4

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Percentage of Participants With a Complete Response - Overall, Acute, and Delayed Stages

A Complete Response was defined as no vomiting or dry heaves and no use of a rescue therapy. Overall Stage=0 to 120 hours after initiation of MEC. Acute Stage=0 to 24 hours after initiation of MEC. Delayed Stage=25 to 120 hours after initiation of MEC. (NCT01636947)
Timeframe: Hour 0 on Day 1 to Day 5 (approximately 120 hours)

,
InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Overall StageAcute StageDelayed Stage
Aprepitant Regimen73.495.874.3
Control Regimen70.497.971.2

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Number of Participants With No Use of a Rescue Therapy - Overall, Acute, and Delayed Stages

The percentage of participants who used no rescue therapy after initiation of MEC is presented for the Overall, Acute and Delayed Stages. Overall Stage=0 to 120 hours after initiation of MEC. Acute Stage=0 to 24 hours after initiation of MEC. Delayed Stage=25 to 120 hours after initiation of MEC. (NCT01636947)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Day 5

,
InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Overall StageAcute StageDelayed Stage
Aprepitant Regimen84.898.784.8
Control Regimen87.799.288.5

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The Percentage of Participants With No Vomiting - Overall Stage

A vomiting episode was defined as one or more episodes of emesis (expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth) or retches (an attempt to vomit that is not productive of stomach contents). No vomiting during the Overall Stage was defined as no episodes of emesis during the 120 hours (Days 1-5) after initiation of moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC). (NCT01636947)
Timeframe: Hour 0 on Day 1 to Day 5 (approximately 120 hours)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Aprepitant Regimen77.2
Control Regimen72.0

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Percentage of Participants With One or More Clinical Adverse Event

An adverse event was defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the study drug, whether or not considered related to the use of the study drug. Any worsening (i.e., any clinically significant adverse change in frequency and/or intensity) of a preexisting condition, which is temporally associated with the use of the study drug, is also an adverse event. Nausea and vomiting experienced during Days 1-6 were not counted as adverse events unless they were reported as a serious adverse event. (NCT01636947)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29 (Up to 28 days after first dose of study drug)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Aprepitant Regimen56.2
Control Regimen53.2

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Percentage of Participants With No Impact on Daily Life - Overall Stage

"The Functional Living Index-Emesis questionnaire (FLIE) is a validated, participant-reported instrument to measure the impact of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting on daily life. There are 9 nausea-related items and 9 vomiting-related items, each on a 7-point scale. For the purposes of this study, No Impact on daily life was defined as an average item score of >6 on the 7-point scale; a total score >108 indicates no impact on daily life. Overall Stage=0 to 120 hours after initiation of MEC." (NCT01636947)
Timeframe: Day 6

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Aprepitant Regimen76.8
Control Regimen73.8

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Number of Emetic Events - Overall Stage

The number of emetic events that occurred during the Overall Stage (0 to 120 hours after initiation of MEC) are presented. (NCT01636947)
Timeframe: Hour 0 on Day 1 to Day 5 (approximately 120 hours)

InterventionNumber of Emetic Events (Number)
Aprepitant Regimen54
Control Regimen68

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Acute CR (Complete Response)

After the First Course of HEC, Defined as no Emesis and no Use of Rescue Medication from time 0 to 24 hours. (NCT01640340)
Timeframe: 0-24 hours after chemotherapy

Interventionpercentage of particpants (Number)
Arm A (Palonosetron 0.25 mg IV on Day 1)75
Arm B (Ondansetron 24 mg Oral on Day 1)55

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Use of Rescue Medication for Each Treatment Arm

(NCT01640340)
Timeframe: From time 0 to 120 hours

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm A (Palonosetron 0.25 mg IV on Day 1)35
Arm B (Ondansetron 24 mg Oral on Day 1)55

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Percentage of Patients Who Experienced Grade 1, 2 or 3 Vomiting From Time 0 to 120 Hours

The percentage of patients who experienced grade 1, 2 or 3 vomiting from time 0 to 120 hours. Nausea graded using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) CTCAE v 4.0 vomiting Grading Scale. Grade 1=Loss of appetite without alteration in eating habits, Grade 2= Oral intake decreased without significant weight loss, dehydration or malnutrition, Grade 3= Inadequate oral caloric or fluid intake; tube feeding, TPN, or hospitalization indicated. (NCT01640340)
Timeframe: From time 0 to 120 hours

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm A (Palonosetron 0.25 mg IV on Day 1)5
Arm B (Ondansetron 24 mg Oral on Day 1)15

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Percentage of Patients Who Experienced Grade 1, 2 or 3 Nausea From Time 0 to 120 Hours

The percentage of patients who experienced grade 1, 2 or 3 nausea from time 0 to 120 hours. Nausea graded using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) CTCAE (Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Effects)version 4.0 Nausea Grading Scale. Grade 1=Loss of appetite without alteration in eating habits, Grade 2= Oral intake decreased without significant weight loss, dehydration or malnutrition, Grade 3= Inadequate oral caloric or fluid intake; tube feeding, TPN, or hospitalization indicated. (NCT01640340)
Timeframe: Time 0 to 120 hours

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm A (Palonosetron 0.25 mg IV on Day 1)55
Arm B (Ondansetron 24 mg Oral on Day 1)65

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Overall CR(Complete Response)After the First Course of HEC, Defined as no Emesis and no Use of Rescue Medication

We will use exact binomial methods to estimate proportions and their associated 95% confidence intervals. (NCT01640340)
Timeframe: Up to 120 hours after completion of chemotherapy

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Arm A (Palonosetron 0.25 mg IV on Day 1)65
Arm B (Ondansetron 24 mg Oral on Day 1)40

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Delayed CR (Complete Response)

After the First Course of HEC, Defined as no Emesis and no Use of Rescue Medication From Time 24to 120 Hours. (NCT01640340)
Timeframe: 24-120 hours after chemotherapy

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm A (Palonosetron 0.25 mg IV on Day 1)65
Arm B (Ondansetron 24 mg Oral on Day 1)45

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Analgesics Administered After Arrival to Inpatient Ward and Number of Participants Requiring Each

Analgesics administered after arrival to the inpatient ward included hydrocodone/acetaminophen, oxycodone, NSAIDS, acetaminophen, and morphine. (NCT01691690)
Timeframe: 8-12 hours post-operatively

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
hydrocodone/acetaminophenoxycodoneNSAIDSacetaminophenmorphine
IV Acetaminophen68311531
Saline Placebo Infused Intraoperatively57392220

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FLACC Pain Score Greater Than or Equal to 4

The Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale or FLACC scale is a measurement used to assess pain for children between the ages of 2 months and 7 years or individuals that are unable to communicate their pain. The scale is scored in a range of 0-10 with 0 representing no pain. 5 pain measurements were performed at 0, 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after PACU arrival. This is the number of participants who reached a FLACC score >/= 4 at one or more time points. (NCT01691690)
Timeframe: 0-60 mins post-operatively

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
IV Acetaminophen58
Saline Placebo69

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Time of First Opioid Analgesia in PACU

Mean time to first drug administration among patients requiring opioid analgesia in the PACU. (NCT01691690)
Timeframe: 0-90 minutes post-operatively

Interventionminutes (Mean)
IV Acetaminophen56.80
Saline Placebo Infused Intraoperatively60.46

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Apparent Terminal Half-life (t1/2) of Aprepitant in Participants 0 to <2 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The t1/2 for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

Interventionhours (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 0 to <2 Years-Cycle 17.94

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Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of Aprepitant From Time 0 to 24 Hours (AUC 0-24hr) in Participants 0 to <2 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The AUC 0-24hr for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

Interventionhr•ng/mL (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 0 to <2 Years-Cycle 136800

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AUC 0-24hr of Aprepitant in Participants 6 to <12 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The AUC 0-24hr for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

Interventionhr•ng/mL (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 147400
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 129200
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 112000
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 14260

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C24hr of Aprepitant in Participants 12 to 17 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The C24hr for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels in the time frame of 23 to 25 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Approximately 24 hours (from 23 to 25 hours) post-infusion

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 1735
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 1142
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 1101

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AUC 0-∞ of Aprepitant in Participants 6 to <12 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The AUC 0-∞ for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

Interventionhr•ng/mL (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 155300
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 134300
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 110700
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 12860

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AUC 0-24hr of Aprepitant in Participants 12 to 17 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The AUC 0-24hr for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

Interventionhr•ng/mL (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 130400
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 19700
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 14820

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AUC 0-24hr of Aprepitant in Participants 2 to <6 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The AUC 0-24hr for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

Interventionhr•ng/mL (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 145000
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 121800
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 119700
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 11840

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Apparent Total Body Clearance (CL/F) of Aprepitant in Participants 0 to <2 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The CL/F for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

InterventionmL/min (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 0 to <2 Years-Cycle 124.2

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AUC 0-∞ of Aprepitant in Participants 2 to <6 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The AUC 0-∞ for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

Interventionhr•ng/mL (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 146400
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 115300
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 116000
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 12070

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C24hr of Aprepitant in Participants 2 to <6 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The C24hr for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels in the time frame of 23 to 25 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Approximately 24 hours (from 23 to 25 hours) post-infusion

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 11060
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 1278
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 1332
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 19.23

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AUC 0-∞ of Aprepitant in Participants 12 to 17 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The AUC 0-∞ for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

Interventionhr•ng/mL (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 133800
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 112300
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 13500

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Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of Aprepitant From Time 0 to Infinity (AUC 0-∞) in Participants 0 to <2 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The AUC 0-∞ for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

Interventionhr•ng/mL (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 0 to <2 Years-Cycle 137200

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C24hr of Aprepitant in Participants 6 to <12 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The C24hr for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels in the time frame of 23 to 25 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Approximately 24 hours (from 23 to 25 hours) post-infusion

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 11210
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 1589
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 1219
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 170.4

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C48hr of Aprepitant in Participants 2 to <6 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The C48hr for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels in the time frame of 46 to 50 hours post-infusion. The C48hr was only planned to be measured in the 5 mg/mL dose for each age group. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Approximately 48 hours (from 46 to 50 hours) post-infusion

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 1232

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C48hr of Aprepitant in Participants 6 to <12 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The C48hr for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels in the time frame of 46 to 50 hours post-infusion. The C48hr was only planned to be measured in the 5 mg/mL dose for each age group. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Approximately 48 hours (from 46 to 50 hours) post-infusion

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 1164

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CL/F of Aprepitant in Participants 12 to 17 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The CL/F for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

InterventionmL/min (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 176.2
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 191.7
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 1105

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CL/F of Aprepitant in Participants 2 to <6 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The CL/F for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

InterventionmL/min (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 131.8
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 166.2
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 129.6
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 148.5

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CL/F of Aprepitant in Participants 6 to <12 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The CL/F for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

InterventionmL/min (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 142.1
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 169.2
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 178.8
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 189.6

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Cmax of Aprepitant in Participants 12 to 17 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The Cmax for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 13500
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 11180
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 1582

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Cmax of Aprepitant in Participants 2 to <6 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The Cmax for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 14270
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 12320
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 12030
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 1323

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Cmax of Aprepitant in Participants 6 to <12 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The Cmax for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 14400
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 13550
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 11360
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 1507

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Concentration of Aprepitant After 24 Hours (C24hr) in Participants 0 to <2 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The C24hr for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels in the time frame of 23 to 25 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Approximately 24 hours (from 23 to 25 hours) post-infusion

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 0 to <2 Years-Cycle 1691

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Concentration of Aprepitant After 48 Hours (C48hr) in Participants 0 to <2 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The C48hr for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels in the time frame of 46 to 50 hours post-infusion. The C48hr was only planned to be measured in the 5 mg/mL dose for each age group. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Approximately 48 hours (from 46 to 50 hours) post-infusion

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 0 to <2 Years-Cycle 1352

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Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Aprepitant in Participants 0 to <2 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The Cmax for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 0 to <2 Years-Cycle 13550

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Percentage of Participants Who Experienced at Least One Adverse Event (AE) in Cycle 1

AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which did not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE could therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign, symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product/protocol specified procedure, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product/protocol specified procedure. Any worsening of a preexisting condition temporally associated with the use of the product was also an AE. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Up to 14 days postdose in Cycle 1

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/Kg-Cycle 187.8
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/Kg-Cycle 183.3
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/Kg-Cycle 190.7
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/Kg-Cycle 180.0
Placebo Control-Cycle 177.1

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Percentage of Participants Who Experienced at Least One Adverse Event (AE) in Cycles 2-6

AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which did not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE could therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign, symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product/protocol specified procedure, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product/protocol specified procedure. Any worsening of a preexisting condition temporally associated with the use of the product was also an AE. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Up to 14 days postdose for each cycle (Cycles 2-6)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/Kg-Cycles 2-693.6
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/Kg-Cycles 2-675.5

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t1/2 of Aprepitant in Participants 12 to 17 Years of Age Hours

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The t1/2 for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

Interventionhours (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 110.5
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 17.92
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 18.27

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t1/2 of Aprepitant in Participants 2 to <6 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The t1/2 for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

Interventionhours (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 19.27
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 16.55
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 17.27
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 16.18

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t1/2 of Aprepitant in Participants 6 to <12 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The t1/2 for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

Interventionhours (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 19.77
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 17.69
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 18.23
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 16.58

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Time to Maximum Concentration (Tmax) of Aprepitant in Participants 0 to <2 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The Tmax for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

Interventionhours (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 0 to <2 Years-Cycle 12.01

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Tmax of Aprepitant in Participants 12 to 17 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The Tmax for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

Interventionhours (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 10.546
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 10.722
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 12 to 17 Years-Cycle 10.736

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Tmax of Aprepitant in Participants 2 to <6 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The Tmax for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

Interventionhours (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 11.90
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 12.29
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 11.36
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 2 to <6 Years-Cycle 11.34

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Tmax of Aprepitant in Participants 6 to <12 Years of Age

Fosaprepitant is a pro-drug that is rapidly converted to aprepitant. Because of this rapid conversion to aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannot be assessed directly. The pharmacokinetics for each fosaprepitant dose were determined by analyzing aprepitant in plasma. The Tmax for aprepitant was determined by measuring aprepitant levels at pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion. (NCT01697579)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion, immediately after infusion, and 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, 23-25, and 46-50 hours post-infusion

Interventionhours (Mean)
Fosaprepitant 5 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 12.92
Fosaprepitant 3 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 11.99
Fosaprepitant 1.2 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 12.14
Fosaprepitant 0.4 mg/kg: 6 to <12 Years-Cycle 11.68

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Cmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in 6 to <12 Year Age Group

Cmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 40 mg dose equivalent arm aged 6 to <12 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Cmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Cmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 2: Equivalent to 40 mg in Adults; 6 to <12930

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Cmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in Birth to <2 Year Age Group

Cmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 40 mg dose equivalent arm aged birth to <2 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Cmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Cmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 2: Equivalent to 40 mg in Adults; Birth to <21570

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Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in 12 to 17 Year Age Group

Cmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 125 mg dose equivalent arm aged 12 to 17 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Cmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Cmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 1: Equivalent to 125 mg in Adults; 12 to 171340

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Percentage of Participants Discontinuing Study Due to an AE

An AE was defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the SPONSOR's product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product. Any worsening of a pre-existing condition which is temporally associated with the use of the SPONSOR's product, was also an AE. Changes resulting from normal growth and development which did not vary significantly in frequency or severity from expected levels were not to be considered adverse events. Vomiting and retching were not defined as AEs during the period of data collection (24 hours following the end of surgery) unless they met the definition of an SAE. The percentage of participants discontinuing study due to an AE was reported by dose group. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: From pre-operative phase up to Follow-up (Day 1 to Day 15)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Aprepitant Dose 1: Equivalent to 125 mg in Adults0
Aprepitant Dose 2: Equivalent to 40 mg in Adults0
Aprepitant Dose 3: Equivalent to 10 mg in Adults0
Ondansetron0

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Percentage of Participants Experiencing at Least One Adverse Event (AE)

An AE was defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the SPONSOR's product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product. Any worsening of a pre-existing condition which is temporally associated with the use of the SPONSOR's product, was also an AE. Changes resulting from normal growth and development which did not vary significantly in frequency or severity from expected levels were not to be considered adverse events. Vomiting and retching were not defined as AEs during the period of data collection (24 hours following the end of surgery) unless they met the definition of an SAE. The percentage of participants experiencing ≥1 AE was reported by dose group. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: From pre-operative phase up to Follow-up (Day 1 to Day 15)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Aprepitant Dose 1: Equivalent to 125 mg in Adults31.6
Aprepitant Dose 2: Equivalent to 40 mg in Adults43.6
Aprepitant Dose 3: Equivalent to 10 mg in Adults35.7
Ondansetron48.1

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Time to Maximum Concentration (Tmax) of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in 12 to 17 Year Age Group

Tmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 125 mg dose equivalent arm aged 12 to 17 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Tmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Tmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhour (hr) (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 1: Equivalent to 125 mg in Adults; 12 to 174.86

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Tmax Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in 12 to 17 Year Age Group

Tmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 40 mg dose equivalent arm aged 12 to 17 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Tmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Tmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 2: Equivalent to 40 mg in Adults; 12 to 174.17

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Tmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in 12 to 17 Year Age Group

Tmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 10 mg dose equivalent arm aged 12 to 17 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Tmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Tmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 3: Equivalent to 10 mg in Adults; 12 to 173.53

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Tmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in 2 to <6 Year Age Group

Tmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 10 mg dose equivalent arm aged 2 to <6 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Tmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Tmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 3: Equivalent to 10 mg in Adults; 2 to <63.36

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Tmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in 6 to <12 Year Age Group

Tmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 10 mg dose equivalent arm aged 6 to <12 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Tmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Tmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 3: Equivalent to 10 mg in Adults; 6 to <123.75

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Tmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in Birth to <2 Year Age Group

Tmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 10 mg dose equivalent arm aged from birth to <2 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Tmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Tmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 3: Equivalent to 10 mg in Adults; Birth to <24.11

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Tmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in 2 to <6 Year Age Group

Tmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 125 mg dose equivalent arm aged 2 to <6 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Tmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Tmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 1: Equivalent to 125 mg in Adults; 2 to <64.91

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Tmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in 6 to <12 Year Age Group

Tmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 125 mg dose equivalent arm aged 6 to <12 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Tmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Tmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 1: Equivalent to 125 mg in Adults; 6 to <126.82

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Tmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in Birth to <2 Year Age Group

Tmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 125 mg dose equivalent arm aged birth to <2 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Tmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Tmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 1: Equivalent to 125 mg in Adults; Birth to <24.71

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Tmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in 2 to <6 Year Age Group

Tmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 40 mg dose equivalent arm aged 2 to <6 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Tmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Tmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 2: Equivalent to 40 mg in Adults; 2 to <63.35

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Tmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in 6 to <12 Year Age Group

Tmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 40 mg dose equivalent arm aged 6 to <12 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Tmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Tmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 2: Equivalent to 40 mg in Adults; 6 to <124.22

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Tmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in Birth to <2 Year Age Group

Tmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 40 mg dose equivalent arm aged birth to <2 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Tmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Tmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 2: Equivalent to 40 mg in Adults; Birth to <24.94

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Cmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in 6 to <12 Year Age Group

Cmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 125 mg dose equivalent arm aged 6 to <12 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Cmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Cmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 1: Equivalent to 125 mg in Adults; 6 to <121870

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Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of Aprepitant From Time 0 to the Last Measurable Concentration (AUC0-last) Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in 12 to 17 Year Age Group

AUC0-last was analyzed independently for participants in the 125 mg dose equivalent arm aged 12 to 17 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant AUC0-last assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma AUC0-last was evaluated using a noncompartmental analysis (NCA). The limit of quantitation (LOQ) value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 1: Equivalent to 125 mg in Adults; 12 to 177120

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AUC0-last Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in 12 to 17 Year Age Group

AUC0-last was analyzed independently for participants in the 10 mg dose equivalent arm aged 12 to 17 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant AUC0-last assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma AUC0-last was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 3: Equivalent to 10 mg in Adults; 12 to 17806

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AUC0-last Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in 12 to 17 Year Age Group

AUC0-last was analyzed independently for participants in the 40 mg dose equivalent arm aged 12 to 17 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant AUC0-last assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma AUC0-last was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 2: Equivalent to 40 mg in Adults; 12 to 172570

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AUC0-last of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in 2 to <6 Year Age Group

AUC0-last was analyzed independently for participants in the 10 mg dose equivalent arm aged 2 to <6 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant AUC0-last assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma AUC0-last was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 3: Equivalent to 10 mg in Adults; 2 to <61580

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AUC0-last of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in 6 to <12 Year Age Group

AUC0-last was analyzed independently for participants in the 10 mg dose equivalent arm aged 6 to <12 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant AUC0-last assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma AUC0-last was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 3: Equivalent to 10 mg in Adults; 6 to <121390

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AUC0-last of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in Birth to <2 Year Age Group

AUC0-last was analyzed independently for participants in the 10 mg dose equivalent arm aged from birth to <2 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant AUC0-last assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma AUC0-last was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 3: Equivalent to 10 mg in Adults; Birth to <21800

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AUC0-last of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in 2 to <6 Year Age Group

AUC0-last was analyzed independently for participants in the 125 mg dose equivalent arm aged 2 to <6 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant AUC0-last assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma AUC0-last was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 1: Equivalent to 125 mg in Adults; 2 to <612000

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AUC0-last of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in 6 to <12 Year Age Group

AUC0-last was analyzed independently for participants in the 125 mg dose equivalent arm aged 6 to <12 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant AUC0-last assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma AUC0-last was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 1: Equivalent to 125 mg in Adults; 6 to <1210300

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AUC0-last of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in Birth to <2 Year Age Group

AUC0-last was analyzed independently for participants in the 125 mg dose equivalent arm aged birth to <2 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant AUC0-last assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma AUC0-last was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 1: Equivalent to 125 mg in Adults; Birth to <26410

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AUC0-last of Aprepitant Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in 2 to <6 Year Age Group

AUC0-last was analyzed independently for participants in the 40 mg dose equivalent arm aged 2 to <6 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant AUC0-last assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma AUC0-last was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 2: Equivalent to 40 mg in Adults; 2 to <66320

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AUC0-last of Aprepitant Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in 6 to <12 Year Age Group

AUC0-last was analyzed independently for participants in the 40 mg dose equivalent arm aged 6 to <12 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant AUC0-last assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma AUC0-last was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 2: Equivalent to 40 mg in Adults; 6 to <124730

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AUC0-last of Aprepitant Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in Birth to <2 Year Age Group

AUC0-last was analyzed independently for participants in the 40 mg dose equivalent arm aged birth to <2 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant AUC0-last assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma AUC0-last was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionhr*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 2: Equivalent to 40 mg in Adults; Birth to <27910

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Cmax Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in 12 to 17 Year Age Group

Cmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 40 mg dose equivalent arm aged 12 to 17 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Cmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Cmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 2: Equivalent to 40 mg in Adults; 12 to 17513

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Cmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in 12 to 17 Year Age Group

Cmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 10 mg dose equivalent arm aged 12 to 17 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Cmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Cmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 3: Equivalent to 10 mg in Adults; 12 to 17131

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Cmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in 2 to <6 Year Age Group

Cmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 10 mg dose equivalent arm aged 2 to <6 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Cmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Cmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 3: Equivalent to 10 mg in Adults; 2 to <6300

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Cmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in 6 to <12 Year Age Group

Cmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 10 mg dose equivalent arm aged 6 to <12 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Cmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Cmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 3: Equivalent to 10 mg in Adults; 6 to <12289

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Cmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 10 mg Dose Equivalent in Birth to <2 Year Age Group

Cmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 10 mg dose equivalent arm aged from birth to <2 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Cmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Cmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 3: Equivalent to 10 mg in Adults; Birth to <2336

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Cmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in 2 to <6 Year Age Group

Cmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 125 mg dose equivalent arm aged 2 to <6 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Cmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Cmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 1: Equivalent to 125 mg in Adults; 2 to <62260

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Cmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 125 mg Dose Equivalent in Birth to <2 Year Age Group

Cmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 125 mg dose equivalent arm aged birth to <2 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Cmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative plasma Cmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 1: Equivalent to 125 mg in Adults; Birth to <21280

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Cmax of Aprepitant Following Administration of 40 mg Dose Equivalent in 2 to <6 Year Age Group

Cmax was analyzed independently for participants in the 40 mg dose equivalent arm aged 2 to <6 years old due to age- and dose-dependent differences in aprepitant absorption and clearance. Because the opportunity to collect specimens for PK analyses in children is limited, a flexible sparse sampling scheme using ranges of collection times was to be utilized which would limit the burden to participants. Plasma for aprepitant Cmax assessment was obtained at 30-60 minutes prior to aprepitant administration, 2-4 hours post aprepitant administration, 5-7 hours post aprepitant administration, and 8-10 hours post aprepitant administration. Post-operative aprepitant plasma Cmax was evaluated using an NCA. The LOQ value for this analysis was 10 ng/mL. (NCT01732458)
Timeframe: 30-60 minutes pre-administration, 2-4 hours post administration, 5-7 hours post administration, 8-10 hours post administration

Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Aprepitant Dose 2: Equivalent to 40 mg in Adults; 2 to <61290

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Number of Adverse Events

The secondary objective is to determine the number of severe adverse cardiac electrical events (non-sinus rhythm, severe bradycardia, sudden cardiac death) associated with routine use of intravenous ondansetron in the adult emergency department patient. All of these outcomes will be recorded for each patient during the emergency department stay which could range from 20 minutes to several hours. (NCT01759420)
Timeframe: 20 minutes to 8 hours

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
IV Ondansetron0

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Change in QTc Interval With Ondansetron Administration

The primary objective is to determine the mean maximal prolongation in QTc interval from baseline as measured by the Bazett formula. A baseline EKG will be obtained and then after drug administration an EKG will be performed every 2 minutes until 20 minutes has passed. The mean maximal QTc change will be calculated. (NCT01759420)
Timeframe: Baseline to 20 minutes

InterventionmS (Mean)
IV Ondansetron19.7

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Metabolic Clearance of Ondasetron

This is a mathematical estimation of the clearance for ondasetron as calculated by NONMEM. (NCT01801475)
Timeframe: 8 hours for women; 48 hours for neonate.

InterventionL/hr (Mean)
Women - Pregnant/Non-pregnant21.8
NeonatesNA

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Volume of Distribution Estimated Pharmacokinetic Parameter

This is an estimated pharmacokinetic parameter as calculated by NONMEM. (NCT01801475)
Timeframe: 8 hours for women; 48 hours for neonate.

InterventionLiters (Mean)
Women - Pregnant/Non-pregnant27.9
NeonatesNA

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Change in Cardiac Output From Baseline to 20 Minutes Post-spinal

Maximum change in cardiac output from initiation of spinal anesthesia (baseline) until uterine incision (20 minutes post-spinal) (NCT01841606)
Timeframe: Baseline and 20 minutes

InterventionL/min (Mean)
Ondansetron-2.05
Placebo-1.92

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Number of Participants With CR in the Overall Phase.

CR defined as no emesis and no use of rescue medication, in the overall phase (0 to 120 hours after the initiation of chemotherapy) (NCT01857232)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 hours after the initiation of chemotherapy

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Control33
Placebo11
APD403 10MG21
APD403 20MG17
ADP403 40MG17

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Number of Participants With Delayed Phase Complete Response(CR)

"Delayed phase complete response (CR), defined as an absence of emetic episodes and no rescue medication use in the period from 24 to 120 hours after the initiation of chemotherapy.~The primary endpoint was analysed separately in the strata of chemotherapy regimen and gender, and in the strata of country." (NCT01857232)
Timeframe: 24-120 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Control37
PLACEBO13
APD403 10MG27
ADP421 20MG21
APD421 40MG20

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Difference in Clinically Significant Visual Analogue Scale for Pain and Nausea Change Between CYP2D6 Users and Non-users

Clinically significant visual analogue scale (VAS; a measure of adult pain and nausea on a scale of 1-100 millimeters for increasing symptoms of pain and nausea) for patients who were administered either oxycodone, hydrocodone/acetaminophen, or ondansetron in the ED. Clinically significant change was defined as 13mm change on the VAS from baseline (when first VAS was completed) to 90 minutes following drug administration in the ED. (NCT01859715)
Timeframe: Baseline and 90 minutes

Interventionmillimeters (Mean)
Oxycodone Group7.4
Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Group10.9
Nausea-observational Group-14.0

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Adverse Drug Events

Determine all possible adverse drug events that occurred after the study drugs were administered. (NCT01859715)
Timeframe: Duration of ED stay, <24 hours. (up to 24 hours)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Oxycodone Group0
Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Group0
Nausea-observational Group0

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Number of Participants With Postoperative Vomiting Between 0 to 2 Hours

"In the Post Anesthetic Care Unit (PACU) the proper data (intraoperative and recovery period) was recorded at immediate postoperative period, at 2 hours after the procedure and prior to discharge.~Parents were informed during the consent process that postoperative 24 hour follow up was going to be done over the phone by researcher." (NCT01912807)
Timeframe: 0 to 2 hr after the procedure (in PACU)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Dextrose (D5NS) - Intervention Group11
Ondansetron - Control Group5

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Number of Participants Receiving Rescue Antiemetic Medications

"Parents were informed during the consent process that postoperative 24 hour follow up was going to be done over the phone by the researcher.~The number of participants (parents / caregivers) who answered the call was recorded, and from those the number of patients who presented the secondary outcome." (NCT01912807)
Timeframe: 2 to 24 hr after procedure

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Dextrose (D5NS) - Intervention Group15
Ondansetron - Control Group9

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Number of Participants Having Delayed Home Discharge

Data was recorder for number of patients with delays in discharge from PACU due to POV (NCT01912807)
Timeframe: Within 24 hours after the procedure

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Dextrose (D5NS) - Intervention Group2
Ondansetron - Control Group0

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Blood Glucose Level

Measuring the blood glucose level is important to ensure that administration of IV Dextrose at the dose to be used in our protocol, did not cause hyperglycemia in the participants. This measurement was done while patients were still under general anesthetic during the procedure. (NCT01912807)
Timeframe: Intraoperatively

Interventionmmol/L (Median)
Dextrose (D5NS) - Intervention Group6.3
Ondansetron - Control Group5.5

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Total Dose of Narcotic Required to Treat the Symptoms of NAS

Median dose of morphine required by neonates within 15 days of delivery. (NCT01965704)
Timeframe: 15 days

Interventionmg (Median)
Ondansetron - Neonates9.3
Placebo - Neonates11.1

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Number of Participants With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

The incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) measured as the number of neonates who need for morphine treatment for the symptoms of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) while the neonates received study medication and for the 30 days after stopping the study medication. (NCT01965704)
Timeframe: 35 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Ondansetron - Neonates22
Placebo - Neonates26

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Length of Hospital Stay

Severity of NAS will be measured by neonates' length of hospital stay (birth to discharge). Length of stay was calculated with 1) no maximum length, and 2) maximum length of stay capped at 15 days. All participants were included in both analyses. (NCT01965704)
Timeframe: At Day 15 and up to 64 days

,
Interventiondays (Mean)
Mean hospital stayMean hospital stay with a 15-day maximum
Ondansetron - Neonates15.59.3
Placebo - Neonates17.411.2

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Number of Participants Requiring Adjunctive Medication to Treat NOWS

Number of neonates requiring treatment with phenobarbital or clonidine. (NCT01965704)
Timeframe: 15 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Ondansetron - Neonates5
Placebo - Neonates5

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The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of LIfe Questionnaire - C15 Palliative (C15-PAL) on Day 6-10 of Treatment.

Quality of life as measured by the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL. For multiple fractions of radiotherapy, the questionnaire will be administered on Day 5 and 10 during treatment when applicable. Since the number of secondary prophylaxis patients was small (n=4), quality of life (QOL) analysis was done with two arms combined. Questions on the C15-PAL were scored on a scale of 0-100, with 0 representing no symptoms but low level of functioning and 100 representing severe symptoms and high degree of functioning. (NCT02006056)
Timeframe: Day 6-10 of treatment

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
PainDyspneaInsomniaAppetite lossConstipationOverall quality of lifePhysical functioningFatigueNausea/vomitingEmotional functioning
C15-PAL Results49.425.944.438.327.147.749.054.85.7569.2

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Functional Living Index-emesis (FLIE) at Day 3, Using Questions 2-9, 11-18 (Q1/Q10 Refer to Nausea/Vomiting and Therefore Are Part of Primary Objectives)

"Since the number of secondary prophylaxis patients was small (n=4), quality of life (QOL) analysis was done with two arms combined. Questions on the FLIE are reported from 1-7, with 1 being no symptoms and not at all for interference with life, and 7 being a great deal of symptom and interference with life.~Q1-9 are for nausea (N). Q 10-18 are for vomiting (V). All questions refer to during the past 3 days.~Q1/10: How much N/V have you had? Q2/11: Has N/V affected your ability to maintain usual recreation or leisure activities? Q3/12: Has N/V affected your ability to make a meal or do minor household repairs? Q4/13: How much has N/V affected your ability to enjoy a meal? Q5/14: How much has N/V affected your ability to enjoy liquid refreshment? Q6/15: How much has N/V affected your willingness to see and spend time with family/friends? Q7/16: Has N/V affected your daily functioning? Q8/17: Degree your N/V imposed hardship on you? Q9/18: Degree on your family?" (NCT02006056)
Timeframe: Day 3

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Q2 nausea affecting leisure activitiesQ3 nausea affecting ability to do house workQ4 nausea affecting enjoyment of mealsQ5 nausea affecting enjoyment of refreshmentsQ6 nausea affecting spending time with loved onesQ7 nausea affecting daily functioningQ8 nausea imposing personal hardshipQ9 nausea imposing hardship on othersQ11 vomiting affecting leisure activitiesQ12 vomiting affecting ability to do house workQ13 vomiting affecting enjoyment of mealsQ14 vomiting affecting enjoyment of refreshmentsQ15 vomiting affecting spending time with loved onQ16 vomiting affecting daily functioningQ17 vomiting imposing personal hardshipQ18 vomiting imposing hardship on others
C15-PAL Results1.311.211.401.171.101.131.201.131.0311.031.031.031.031.071.03

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Functional Living Index-emesis (FLIE) at Day 7, Using Questions 2-9, 11-18 (Q1/Q10 Refer to Nausea/Vomiting and Therefore Are Part of Primary Objectives)

"Since the number of secondary prophylaxis patients was small (n=4), quality of life (QOL) analysis was done with two arms combined. Questions on the FLIE are reported from 1-7, with 1 being no symptoms and not at all for interference with life, and 7 being a great deal of symptom and interference with life.~Q1-9 are for nausea (N). Q 10-18 are for vomiting (V). All questions refer to during the past 3 days.~Q1/10: How much N/V have you had? Q2/11: Has N/V affected your ability to maintain usual recreation or leisure activities? Q3/12: Has N/V affected your ability to make a meal or do minor household repairs? Q4/13: How much has N/V affected your ability to enjoy a meal? Q5/14: How much has N/V affected your ability to enjoy liquid refreshment? Q6/15: How much has N/V affected your willingness to see and spend time with family/friends? Q7/16: Has N/V affected your daily functioning? Q8/17: Degree your N/V imposed hardship on you? Q9/18: Degree on your family?" (NCT02006056)
Timeframe: Day 7

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Q2 nausea affecting leisure activitiesQ3 nausea affecting ability to do house workQ4 nausea affecting enjoyment of mealsQ5 nausea affecting enjoyment of refreshmentsQ6 nausea affecting spending time with loved onesQ7 nausea affecting daily functioningQ8 nausea imposing personal hardshipQ9 nausea imposing hardship on othersQ11 vomiting affecting leisure activitiesQ12 vomiting affecting ability to do house workQ13 vomiting affecting enjoyment of mealsQ14 vomiting affecting enjoyment of refreshmentsQ15 vomiting affecting spending time with loved onQ16 vomiting affecting daily functioningQ17 vomiting imposing personal hardshipQ18 vomiting imposing hardship on others
C15-PAL Results1.231.191.371.151.191.191.261.221.191.191.301.301.151.191.191.12

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The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of LIfe Questionnaire - C15 Palliative (C15-PAL), From Day 1-5 of Treatment.

Quality of life as measured by the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL. For multiple fractions of radiotherapy, the questionnaire will be administered on Day 5 and 10 during treatment when applicable. Since the number of secondary prophylaxis patients was small (n=4), quality of life (QOL) analysis was done with two arms combined. Questions on the C15-PAL were scored on a scale of 0-100, with 0 representing no symptoms but low level of functioning and 100 representing severe symptoms and high degree of functioning. (NCT02006056)
Timeframe: Day 0-5 during treatment

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
PainDyspneaInsomniaAppetite lossConstipationOverall quality of lifePhysical functioningFatigueNausea/vomitingEmotional functioning
C15-PAL Results50.624.134.536.827.647.749.054.85.7569.2

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Efficacy for the Prevention/Rescue of Radiation-induced Nausea and Vomiting.

"The primary objectives are to examine the efficacy for the prevention/rescue of Acute and Delayed Phase radiation-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV) in patients undergoing single or multiple fraction, emetogenic palliative radiation therapy for painful bone metastases.~Complete control: No increase in emetic episodes or increase in use of rescue medication (for secondary prophylaxis) following radiation treatment, compared to the number of incidences at baseline.~Partial control: Increase of 2 or fewer emetic episodes from baseline and no use of rescue antiemetic medication during or after radiotherapy.~Uncontrolled: Increase of three or more emetic episodes or use of antiemetic rescue medication." (NCT02006056)
Timeframe: Day 0 - Day 10

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Acute-Nausea72035347Acute-Nausea72035348Acute-Vomiting72035347Acute-Vomiting72035348Delayed-Nausea72035347Delayed-Nausea72035348Delayed-Vomiting72035347Delayed-Vomiting72035348Combined-Nausea72035347Combined-Nausea72035348Combined-Vomiting72035347Combined-Vomiting72035348
Partial controlUncontrolledComplete control
Primary Prophylaxis21
Secondary Prophylaxis4
Primary Prophylaxis2
Primary Prophylaxis3
Primary Prophylaxis25
Primary Prophylaxis1
Secondary Prophylaxis0
Primary Prophylaxis18
Primary Prophylaxis17
Secondary Prophylaxis2
Primary Prophylaxis8
Secondary Prophylaxis1
Primary Prophylaxis0
Primary Prophylaxis7

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Number of Standard Drinks Per Assessment Period on Timeline Followback (TLFB)

The Timeline Followback (TLFB) will be used to assess the change in the number of standard alcoholic drinks per week. The TLFB is interviewer-administered and asks participants to retrospectively estimate their alcohol use between each visit. The reported drinks are then converted to standard drinks based on the drink's alcohol by volume (ABV). The higher number is associated with more standard drinks and worse outcome. Values are corrected for the number of days covered in the assessment period. (NCT02082678)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

,
Interventionmean number of standard drinks per week (Mean)
BaselineWeek 12
Ondansetron4.062.50
Placebo4.922.92

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Number of Heavy Drinking Days Per Assessment Period on Timeline Followback (TLFB)

The Timeline Followback (TLFB) will be used to assess the change in the number of standard alcoholic drinks per week. The TLFB involves asking participants to retrospectively estimate their alcohol between each research visit. The reported drinks are then converted to heavy drinking days based on the drink's alcohol by volume (ABV) and participant's sex (male/female) - 5 drinks per day for males and 4 for females. Each day during which 4-5 drinks are consumed is counted as a heavy drinking day within a given assessment period. The reported values are corrected for days covered (divided by the number of days between each visit). The higher number is associated with more heavy drinking days and worse outcome. (NCT02082678)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

,
Interventionheavy drinking days (corrected) (Mean)
BaselineWeek 12
Ondansetron0.340.17
Placebo0.450.20

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Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD)

The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) is a 17-item observer-rated measure of depressive symptomatology. HAMD is scored between 0 and 4 points, with the total score ranging from 0 to 52. Scoring is based on the 17-item scale and scores of 0-7 are considered as being normal, 8-16 suggest mild depression, 17-23 moderate depression and scores over 24 are indicative of severe depression. The higher scores are associated with greater depressive symptom severity and poorer outcome. (NCT02082678)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
BaselineWeek 12
Ondansetron13.778.52
Placebo14.238.86

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Overall Complete Control Rate

To determine the effect of APF530 on complete control rates defined as no more than mild nausea, no emetic episodes [vomiting or retching], and no use of rescue medications in the overall phase (0 to 120 hours) of CINV. (NCT02106494)
Timeframe: 0 - 120 Hours

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
APF530 + Fosaprepitant + Dexamethasone54.7
Ondansetron + Fosaprepitant + Dexamethasone49.6

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Overall Complete Response Rate

To determine the effect of APF530 on complete response rates in the overall phase (0 to 120 hours) of CINV. (NCT02106494)
Timeframe: 0 - 120 Hours

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
APF530 + Fosaprepitant + Dexamethasone58.4
Ondansetron + Fosaprepitant + Dexamethasone52.9

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Rate of No Emetic Episodes

To determine the effect of APF530 on the rate of no emetic episodes (vomiting or retching) in the overall phase (0 to 120 hours) of CINV. (NCT02106494)
Timeframe: 0 - 120 Hours

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
APF530 + Fosaprepitant + Dexamethasone82.2
Ondansetron + Fosaprepitant + Dexamethasone79.2

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Delayed Complete Control (CC) Rate

To determine the effect of APF530 on complete control rates defined as no more than mild nausea, no emetic episodes [vomiting or retching], and no use of rescue medications in the delayed phase (24 to 120 hours) of CINV. (NCT02106494)
Timeframe: 24 - 120 Hours

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
APF530 + Fosaprepitant + Dexamethasone60.7
Ondansetron + Fosaprepitant + Dexamethasone53.1

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Delayed Phase Complete Response (CR) Rate

Percentage of Participants with no emesis and no rescue medication in patients receiving HEC in the delayed phase (24 to 120 hours) of CINV. (NCT02106494)
Timeframe: 24 - 120 Hours

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
APF530 + Fosaprepitant + Dexamethasone64.7
Ondansetron + Fosaprepitant + Dexamethasone56.6

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Frequency of Rescue Medication

Patients were asked to record daily number of extra nausea/vomiting pills taken because they developed nausea/vomiting in the following categories: None, One, Two, More than two in Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary Questionnaire. (NCT02116530)
Timeframe: Day 2 to Day 6 after chemotherapy

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Day 272213840Day 272213839Day 372213839Day 372213840Day 472213839Day 472213840Day 572213840Day 572213839Day 672213839Day 672213840
More than twiceTwiceNoneOnce
Olanzapine156
Placebo117
Olanzapine21
Placebo35
Placebo19
Olanzapine2
Olanzapine158
Placebo124
Olanzapine11
Placebo24
Olanzapine7
Placebo20
Olanzapine4
Placebo10
Olanzapine141
Olanzapine16
Olanzapine10
Placebo17
Olanzapine3
Placebo11
Olanzapine145
Placebo131
Olanzapine19
Placebo23
Olanzapine5
Placebo7
Olanzapine143
Placebo130
Olanzapine12
Placebo16
Placebo14

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Proportion of Patients With Complete Response

Complete response was defined as no emetic episodes and no use of rescue medication during the acute (0-24 hours), delayed (25-120 hours) and overall (0-120 hours) periods as measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire. (NCT02116530)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 hours after chemotherapy

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
0-24 hours after chemotherapy25-120 hours after chemotherapy0-120 hours after chemotherapy
Olanzapine85.766.963.6
Placebo64.652.440.6

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Median Nausea Scores

Nausea scores was measured using a visual-analogue scale ranging from 0 (none) to 10 (as bad as it can be). (NCT02116530)
Timeframe: Baseline and Day 2 to Day 6 after chemotherapy

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
BaselineDay 2Day 3Day 4Day 5Day 6
Olanzapine000000
Placebo011111

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Proportion of Patients With no Nausea

No nausea was defined as a response of 0 in the nausea item of Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire in the acute (0-24 hours), delayed (25-120 hours) and overall (0-120 hours) periods after chemotherapy. (NCT02116530)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 hours after chemotherapy

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
0-24 hours after chemotherapy25-120 hours after chemotherapy0-120 hours after chemotherapy
Olanzapine73.842.437.3
Placebo45.325.421.9

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Drinks Per Drinking Day

self-reported number of standard drinks of alcohol (14 g alcohol) consumed per drinking day (NCT02354703)
Timeframe: 16-week treatment period

Interventiondrinks per drinking day (Mean)
Ondansetron-responsive Genotype3.70
Ondansetron--non-responsive Genotype3.60
Placebo--responsive Genotype3.37
Placebo--non-responsive Genotype3.99

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Percent Drinking Days

self-reported percentage of days on which the participant drank alcohol (NCT02354703)
Timeframe: 16-week treatment period

Interventionpercentage of drinking days (Mean)
Ondansetron--non-responsive Genotype71.92
Ondansetron-responsive Genotype67.51
Placebo--responsive Genotype68.00
Placebo--non-responsive Genotype66.84

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Percent Heavy Drinking Days

self-reported percentage of days with heavy drinking (at least 5 drinks/day for men, at least 4 drinks/day for women) (NCT02354703)
Timeframe: 16-week treatment period

Interventionpercentage of days with heavy drinking (Mean)
Ondansetron--non-responsive Genotype32.93
Ondansetron-responsive Genotype40.49
Placebo--responsive Genotype31.96
Placebo--non-responsive Genotype35.13

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Number of Participants Experiencing Symptoms

Number of participants experiencing symptoms (vomiting or nausea+vomiting) at the time of or after doxycycline (NCT02456662)
Timeframe: 24 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo45
Ondansetron19

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Percentage of Participants Who Experienced No Vomiting, Regardless of Rescue Medication Use, During the Overall Phase (0 to 120 Hours Post Initiation of Chemotherapy) in Cycle 1

Vomiting was assessed, regardless of rescue medicine use, following the initiation of emetogenic chemotherapy in Cycle 1. A vomiting episode was specified as one or more episodes of emesis (expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth) or retching/dry heaves (an attempt to vomit that is not productive of stomach contents). Distinct vomiting episodes were separated by the absence of emesis and retching for at least one minute. The date and time of each vomiting episode was recorded by participants in diaries at the time of occurrence. Rescue medication was permitted to alleviate symptoms of established nausea or vomiting; but not as preventive medication. The percentage of participants with no vomiting and no retching episodes in the overall phase, defined as the time period of 0 to 120 hours post initiation of chemotherapy in Cycle 1, was calculated. (NCT02519842)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 hours post initiation of chemotherapy (up to 15 days after the dose of study drug)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Fosaprepitant Regimen Cycle 140.5
Control Regimen Cycle 132.4

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Percentage of Participants Who Experienced a Complete Response During the Acute Phase (0 to 24 Hours Post Initiation of Chemotherapy) in Cycle 1

Complete Response was defined as no vomiting, no retching, and no use of rescue medication following the initiation of emetogenic chemotherapy in Cycle 1. A vomiting episode was specified as one or more episodes of emesis (expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth) or retching/dry heaves (an attempt to vomit that is not productive of stomach contents). Distinct vomiting episodes were separated by the absence of emesis and retching for at least one minute. The date and time of each vomiting episode was recorded by participants in diaries at the time of occurrence. The percentage of participants with no vomiting and no retching episodes in the acute phase, defined as the time period of 0 to 24 hours post initiation of chemotherapy in Cycle 1, was calculated. (NCT02519842)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours post initiation of chemotherapy (up to 1 day after the dose of study drug)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Fosaprepitant Regimen Cycle 170.3
Control Regimen Cycle 158.8

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Percentage of Participants Who Experienced One or More Adverse Events

An adverse event (AE) is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a study drug, whether or not it is considered related to the study drug. A statistical analysis was performed for Tier 2 AEs in Cycle 1 to compare the percentage of participants who received fosaprepitant regimen and experienced at least 1 Tier 2 AE compared with the percentage of participants in the control regimen. The Tier 2 endpoint included broad clinical and laboratory AE categories consisting of the percentage of participants with any AE, drug-related AE, serious AE, and AEs that are both drug-related and serious. Tier 2 AEs were not pre-specified as events of interest and inclusion in the Tier 2 analysis required that at least 4 participants in any treatment group exhibited the AE. (NCT02519842)
Timeframe: Up to 6.5 months (up to 2 weeks after last dose of study drug)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Fosaprepitant Regimen Cycle 189.2
Control Regimen Cycle 179.4
Fosaprepitant Regimen Cycles 2-678.2

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Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an Adverse Event

An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a study drug, whether or not it is considered related to the study drug. A statistical analysis was performed to compare the percentage of participants who discontinued in Cycle 1 due to an AE and received fosaprepitant regimen compared with the percentage of participants who received control regimen. (NCT02519842)
Timeframe: Up to 6 months (up to last dose of study drug)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Fosaprepitant Regimen Cycle 15.4
Control Regimen Cycle 10.0
Fosaprepitant Regimen Cycles 2-60.0

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Percentage of Participants Who Experienced a Complete Response During the Delayed Phase (>24 to 120 Hours Post Initiation of Chemotherapy) in Cycle 1

Complete Response was defined as no vomiting, no retching, and no use of rescue medication following the initiation of emetogenic chemotherapy in Cycle 1. A vomiting episode was specified as one or more episodes of emesis (expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth) or retching/dry heaves (an attempt to vomit that is not productive of stomach contents). Distinct vomiting episodes were separated by the absence of emesis and retching for at least one minute. The date and time of each vomiting episode was recorded by participants in diaries at the time of occurrence. The percentage of participants with no vomiting and no retching episodes in the delayed phase, defined as the time period of >24 to120 hours post initiation of chemotherapy in Cycle 1, was calculated. (NCT02519842)
Timeframe: >24 to 120 hours post initiation of chemotherapy (1 to 15 days after the dose of study drug)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Fosaprepitant Regimen Cycle 148.6
Control Regimen Cycle 141.2

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Percentage of Participants Who Experienced a Complete Response During the Overall Phase (0 to 120 Hours Post Initiation of Chemotherapy) in Cycle 1

Complete Response was defined as no vomiting, no retching, and no use of rescue medication following the initiation of emetogenic chemotherapy in Cycle 1. A vomiting episode was specified as one or more episodes of emesis (expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth) or retching/dry heaves (an attempt to vomit that is not productive of stomach contents). Distinct vomiting episodes were separated by the absence of emesis and retching for at least one minute. The date and time of each vomiting episode was recorded by participants in diaries at the time of occurrence. The percentage of participants with no vomiting and no retching episodes in the overall phase, defined as the time period of 0 to 120 hours post initiation of chemotherapy in Cycle 1, was calculated. (NCT02519842)
Timeframe: 0 to 120 hours post initiation of chemotherapy (up to 15 days after the dose of study drug)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Fosaprepitant Regimen Cycle 140.5
Control Regimen Cycle 132.4

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Apparent Total Plasma Clearance of IPN01072 (Total CL) in Cycle 1

The PK sampling was performed from Day 1 to Day 3 post infusion done at Cycle 1 for Part B only. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion (Baseline) and 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours after the end of the infusion in Cycle 1

InterventionL/h (Mean)
Part B: All Participants9.58

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Maximal Uptake (%) of 177Lu-IPN01072 in Blood in Cycle 1

177Lu-IPN01072 uptake in blood was evaluated on site/locally using a gamma counter calibrated for 177Lu-IPN01072 according to the dosimetry operational manual. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion (Baseline), 5 and 30 minutes, 1, 4, 24, 48, 72 to 96 hours, 144 to 168 hours post infusion in Cycle 1

Interventionpercentage/liter (L) (Median)
Part A: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq3.66
Part B Cohort 1: 177Lu-IPN01072 6 GBq2.98
Part B Cohort 3: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq2.77
Part B Cohort 6: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq3.32
All Participants3.03

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Fraction of IPN01072 Excreted Into the Urine (Fe) in Cycle 1

Urine was collected during the first 48 hours post infusion to determine the renal excretion of 177Lu-IPN01072 at Cycle 1 for Part B only. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: 0 to 4 hours, 4 to 24 hours, 24 to 48 hours in Cycle 1 in Part B

Interventionpercentage of drug excreted into urine (Mean)
Part B: All Participants52.9

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Disease Control Rate (DCR)

The DCR was defined as the percentage of participants who achieved a CR, a PR or a stable disease (SD) as BOR according to Investigator assessment RECIST version 1.1 criteria. SD: Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for progressive disease (PD), taking as reference the smallest sum diameters while on study. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: From the start of the first study medication (Cycle 1 Day 1) up to 2 years after the EOCT/death or lost to follow-up, maximum of 59 months.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Part A: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq93.3
Part B Cohort 1: 177Lu-IPN01072 6 GBq100.0
Part B Cohort 3: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq100.0
Part B Cohort 6: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq90.0
All Participants95.0

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Cumulative Amount of Lu-177 Radioactivity Excreted Into the Urine (0 to 48 Hours) [Ae (0-48h)] in Cycle 1

Urine was collected during the first 48 hours post infusion to determine the renal excretion of 177Lu-IPN01072 at Cycle 1 only. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: 0 to 6 hours, 6 to 24 hours, 24 to 48 hours post-infusion in Cycle 1 of Part A; 0 to 4 hours, 4 to 24 hours, 24 to 48 hours in Cycle 1 of Part B.

InterventionMbq (Median)
Part A: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq2586
Part B Cohort 1: 177Lu-IPN01072 6 GBq3106
Part B Cohort 3: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq2640
Part B Cohort 6: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq2621
All Participants2787

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AUC of 177Lu-IPN01072 in Blood in Cycle 1

The AUC of 177Lu-IPN01072 radioactivity in blood were computed for each administration of 177Lu-IPN01072. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion (Baseline), 5 and 30 minutes, 1, 4, 24, 48, 72 to 96 hours, 144 to 168 hours post infusion in Cycle 1

InterventionMBq*hour/L (Median)
Part A: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq623
Part B Cohort 1: 177Lu-IPN01072 6 GBq901
Part B Cohort 3: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq690
Part B Cohort 6: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq720
All Participants726

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AUC From Time Zero to Infinity (AUCinf) of IPN01072 in Cycle 1

The PK sampling was performed from Day 1 to Day 3 post infusion done at Cycle 1 for Part B only. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion (Baseline) and 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours after the end of the infusion in Cycle 1

Interventionng*hour (h)/mL (Mean)
Part B: All Participants45.8

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Apparent Volume of Distribution During Terminal Phase (Vz) of IPN01072 in Cycle 1

The PK sampling was performed from Day 1 to Day 3 post infusion done at Cycle 1 for Part B only. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion (Baseline) and 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours after the end of the infusion in Cycle 1

InterventionLiter (Mean)
Part B: All Participants68.7

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Ae (0-48h) of IPN01072 in Cycle 1

Urine was collected during the first 48 hours post infusion to determine the renal excretion of 177Lu-IPN01072 at Cycle 1 for Part B only. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: 0 to 4 hours, 4 to 24 hours, 24 to 48 hours in Cycle 1 of Part B

Interventionmcg (Mean)
Part B: All Participants141

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Overall Response Rate (ORR)

The ORR was defined as the percentage of participants who achieved a complete response (CR) or a partial response (PR) as best overall response (BOR) according centralized to response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (RECIST) version 1.1 from investigator assessment. Participants with no tumour assessment after the start of study treatment were not evaluated. CR: Disappearance of all target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to <10 millimeter (mm). PR: At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: From the start of the first study medication (Cycle 1 Day 1) up to 2 years after the EOCT/death or lost to follow-up, maximum of 59 months.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Part A: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq40.0
Part B Cohort 1: 177Lu-IPN01072 6 GBq16.7
Part B Cohort 3: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq22.2
Part B Cohort 6: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq40.0
All Participants32.5

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

The PFS was defined as the time from start of study treatment until occurrence of tumour progression or death, according to Investigator assessment RECIST version 1.1. Estimation of the median was based on the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: From the start of the first study medication (Cycle 1 Day 1) up to 2 years after the EOCT/death or lost to follow-up, maximum of 59 months.

Interventionmonths (Median)
Part A: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq29.7
Part B Cohort 1: 177Lu-IPN01072 6 GBq21.2
Part B Cohort 3: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq25.1
Part B Cohort 6: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq11.1
All Participants28.1

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T1/2 of IPN01072 in Cycle 1

The PK sampling was performed from Day 1 to Day 3 post infusion done at Cycle 1 for Part B only. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion (Baseline) and 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours after the end of the infusion in Cycle 1

Interventionhours (Mean)
Part B: All Participants6.09

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Terminal Half-Life (T1/2) of Radioactivity Concentrations of the Radiopharmaceutical in Blood in Cycle 1

The terminal half-life was defined as the largest half-life of the decay curve of blood activity. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion (Baseline), 5 and 30 minutes, 1, 4, 24, 48, 72 to 96 hours, 144 to 168 hours post infusion in Cycle 1

Interventionhours (Median)
Part A: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq68.3
Part B Cohort 1: 177Lu-IPN01072 6 GBq109
Part B Cohort 3: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq123
Part B Cohort 6: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq145
All Participants127

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Specific Absorbed Dose Per Organ and Lesions of 177Lu-IPN01072 in Cycle 1

The specific absorbed dose was evaluated centrally, using nuclear medicine images, as part of the dosimetry workflow. Data are presented for all lesions, regardless of their anatomical localization. The organs considered for 177Lu-IPN01072 image-based dosimetry assessment included: liver, bone marrow, kidney (left + right), and spleen. The specific absorbed dose to the lesions was the absorbed dose by the lesion (unit: Gray) divided by the injected radioactivity (unit: GBq) for each lesion selected for dosimetry evaluation. The specific absorbed dose for a given organ was the absorbed dose by this organ (unit: Gray) divided by the injected radioactivity (unit: GBq). (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: 4, 24, 48, 72 to 96 hours, 144 to 168 hours post infusion in Cycle 1

,
InterventionGray/GBq (Median)
LesionsBone marrow (image-based)Kidney (left + right)Spleen
Part B Cohort 3: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq6.820.08500.8800.985
Part B Cohort 6: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq13.50.06500.7650.805

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Specific Absorbed Dose Per Organ and Lesions of 177Lu-IPN01072 in Cycle 1

The specific absorbed dose was evaluated centrally, using nuclear medicine images, as part of the dosimetry workflow. Data are presented for all lesions, regardless of their anatomical localization. The organs considered for 177Lu-IPN01072 image-based dosimetry assessment included: liver, bone marrow, kidney (left + right), and spleen. The specific absorbed dose to the lesions was the absorbed dose by the lesion (unit: Gray) divided by the injected radioactivity (unit: GBq) for each lesion selected for dosimetry evaluation. The specific absorbed dose for a given organ was the absorbed dose by this organ (unit: Gray) divided by the injected radioactivity (unit: GBq). (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: 4, 24, 48, 72 to 96 hours, 144 to 168 hours post infusion in Cycle 1

,,
InterventionGray/GBq (Median)
LesionsBone marrow (image-based)Kidney (left + right)LiverSpleen
All Participants5.000.09000.8790.1790.840
Part A: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq2.560.07961.050.1860.769
Part B Cohort 1: 177Lu-IPN01072 6 GBq3.900.1350.7200.1700.945

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious TEAEs

AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a subject or clinical trial subject administered a medicinal product, which did not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. A serious AE (SAE) was classified as any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose results in death; AE was life threatening; required inpatient hospitalization or prolonged existing hospitalization; resulted in persistent or significant disability/ incapacity; was a congenital anomaly/birth defect; was an important medical event that may not result in death. TEAEs are defined as AEs that developed or worsened after start of treatment. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: From the start of the first study medication (Cycle 1 Day 1) up to 6 months after the last dose of study medication, maximum of 33 months

,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
TEAEsSerious TEAEs
All Participants408
Part A: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq152
Part B Cohort 1: 177Lu-IPN01072 6 GBq61
Part B Cohort 3: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq92
Part B Cohort 6: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq103

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Maximum Uptake (%) of 177Lu-IPN01072 at Target Lesions and Discernible Organs in Cycle 1

177Lu-IPN01072 uptake in organs and lesions was evaluated centrally, using nuclear medicine images, as part of the dosimetry workflow. Uptake activity for organs of interest (i.e., body, bone marrow, kidney [left + right], healthy liver, and spleen) was determined. The maximal uptake in lesions was calculated for each lesion as: maximal activity divided injected activity*100. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: 4, 24, 48, 72 to 96 hours, 144 to 168 hours post infusion in Cycle 1

,,
Interventionpercentage of injected drug activity (Median)
Bone marrow (image-based)LiverKidney (left + right)SpleenAll lesions
Part B Cohort 1: 177Lu-IPN01072 6 GBq0.04204.311.761.272.36
All Participants0.03802.631.761.670.932
Part A: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq0.04691.521.961.500.651

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Maximum Uptake (%) of 177Lu-IPN01072 at Target Lesions and Discernible Organs in Cycle 1

177Lu-IPN01072 uptake in organs and lesions was evaluated centrally, using nuclear medicine images, as part of the dosimetry workflow. Uptake activity for organs of interest (i.e., body, bone marrow, kidney [left + right], healthy liver, and spleen) was determined. The maximal uptake in lesions was calculated for each lesion as: maximal activity divided injected activity*100. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: 4, 24, 48, 72 to 96 hours, 144 to 168 hours post infusion in Cycle 1

,
Interventionpercentage of injected drug activity (Median)
Bone marrow (image-based)Kidney (left + right)SpleenAll lesions
Part B Cohort 3: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq0.02501.601.781.18
Part B Cohort 6: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq0.02191.671.791.43

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Highest Absorbed Dose of 177LU-IPN01072 to Each Discernible Organ in Cycle 1

The absorbed dose to the discernible organs (i.e., organs showing uptake) was evaluated centrally, using nuclear medicine images, as part of the dosimetry workflow. The organs considered for 177LU-IPN01072 image-based dosimetry assessment included: liver, bone marrow, kidney (left + right), and spleen. Highest absorbed dose of 177Lu-IPN01072 was calculated as described in the Dosimetry calculation procedure manual. Maximum value observed for each discernible organs across participants has been reported. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: 4, 24, 48, 72 to 96 and 144 to 168 hours post infusion in Cycle 1

,
InterventionGray (Number)
Bone marrow (image-based assay)Kidney (left + right)Spleen
Part B Cohort 3: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq0.505.865.90
Part B Cohort 6: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq0.695.074.09

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Highest Absorbed Dose of 177LU-IPN01072 to Each Discernible Organ in Cycle 1

The absorbed dose to the discernible organs (i.e., organs showing uptake) was evaluated centrally, using nuclear medicine images, as part of the dosimetry workflow. The organs considered for 177LU-IPN01072 image-based dosimetry assessment included: liver, bone marrow, kidney (left + right), and spleen. Highest absorbed dose of 177Lu-IPN01072 was calculated as described in the Dosimetry calculation procedure manual. Maximum value observed for each discernible organs across participants has been reported. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: 4, 24, 48, 72 to 96 and 144 to 168 hours post infusion in Cycle 1

,,
InterventionGray (Number)
Bone marrow (image-based assay)Kidney (left + right)LiverSpleen
All Participants3.598.551.268.07
Part A: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq0.978.551.268.07
Part B Cohort 1: 177Lu-IPN01072 6 GBq3.594.870.816.00

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Cumulative Absorbed Organ Doses of 177Lu-IPN01072 in Cycles 1 and 3

The cumulative absorbed dose to the discernible organs (i.e., organs showing uptake) was evaluated centrally, using nuclear medicine images, as part of the dosimetry workflow. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: 4, 24, 48, 72 to 96 hours, 144 to 168 hours post infusion in Cycles 1 and 3

,
InterventionGray (Median)
Cycle 1: Bone marrow (image-based)Cycle 1: Kidney (left + right)Cycle 1: LiverCycle 1: SpleenCycle 3: Bone marrow (image-based)Cycle 3: Kidney (left + right)Cycle 3: LiverCycle 3: Spleen
All Participants0.4003.730.7653.451.1010.82.088.32
Part A: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq0.3194.310.7202.881.1112.32.086.93

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Cumulative Absorbed Organ Doses of 177Lu-IPN01072 in Cycles 1 and 3

The cumulative absorbed dose to the discernible organs (i.e., organs showing uptake) was evaluated centrally, using nuclear medicine images, as part of the dosimetry workflow. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: 4, 24, 48, 72 to 96 hours, 144 to 168 hours post infusion in Cycles 1 and 3

InterventionGray (Median)
Cycle 1: Bone marrow (image-based)Cycle 1: Kidney (left + right)Cycle 1: LiverCycle 1: SpleenCycle 3: Bone marrow (image-based)Cycle 3: Kidney (left + right)Cycle 3: Spleen
Part B Cohort 1: 177Lu-IPN01072 6 GBq0.7153.850.8104.351.489.417.58

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Cumulative Absorbed Organ Doses of 177Lu-IPN01072 in Cycles 1 and 3

The cumulative absorbed dose to the discernible organs (i.e., organs showing uptake) was evaluated centrally, using nuclear medicine images, as part of the dosimetry workflow. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: 4, 24, 48, 72 to 96 hours, 144 to 168 hours post infusion in Cycles 1 and 3

,
InterventionGray (Median)
Cycle 1: Bone marrow (image-based)Cycle 1: Kidney (left + right)Cycle 1: SpleenCycle 3: Bone marrow (image-based)Cycle 3: Kidney (left + right)Cycle 3: Spleen
Part B Cohort 3: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq0.3753.254.001.098.919.21
Part B Cohort 6: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq0.2853.553.550.84010.18.08

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Change From Baseline in Quality of Life (QoL) Questionnaire (QLQ)-C30 at EOCT Visit

The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) score questionnaire (QLQ-C30) was used for QoL evaluation. Each scale in the questionnaire were scored (0 to 100) according to the EORTC recommendations in the EORTC QLQ-C30 scoring manual. The scale included a global health status, where high score for the global health status represents a high QoL. The functional scales consisted of physical functioning, role functioning, emotional functioning, cognitive functioning, social functioning, where a higher value reflects a better level of function. Nine symptoms scales included nausea and vomiting, pain, fatigue, dyspnoea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhoea and financial difficulties, where a higher value reflects worse symptoms. Baseline was defined as the last non-missing measurement collected prior to the first dose of study drug (Day 1). (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and EOCT visit (30 months)

,,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Global Health StatusPhysical functioningRole functioningEmotional functioningCognitive functioningSocial functioning
All Participants3.840.263.855.123.208.97
Part A: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq1.27-2.053.8511.526.4115.38
Part B Cohort 1: 177Lu-IPN01072 6 GBq16.700.000.00-25.000.000.00
Part B Cohort 3: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq-6.24-0.82-0.01-4.16-6.26-2.09
Part B Cohort 6: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq29.1510.0012.5010.4312.5012.50

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Change From Baseline in QLQ Gastro-intestinal. Neuroendocrine Tumour (GI.NET)21 at EOCT Visit

The GI.NET21 module was intended for use among participants with gastrointestinal related (GI.- related) neuroendocrine tumours, who vary in disease stage and treatments. The module comprises 21 questions, consisting of 5 scales (endocrine symptoms, G.I. symptoms, treatment related symptom, social function, disease related worries) and 4 single items that assessed muscle /bone pain symptom, sexual function, information/communication function, and body image. Each question was quoted from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much). Each scale in the questionnaire was scored from 0 to 100. A higher value was equivalent to worse or more problems. Baseline was defined as the last non-missing measurement collected prior to the first dose of study drug (Day 1). (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and EOCT visit (30 months)

,,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Endocrine symptomsG. I. symptomsTreatment related symptomSocial functionDisease related worries
All Participants-2.98-3.335.28-16.67-7.06
Part A: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq-5.12-3.585.62-19.67-8.98
Part B Cohort 1: 177Lu-IPN01072 6 GBq11.10-6.70-6.70-22.30-22.20
Part B Cohort 3: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq-0.002.509.01-4.153.46
Part B Cohort 6: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq-5.55-13.30-0.30-30.53-18.05

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Area Under the Concentration Time Curve (AUC) of 177Lu-IPN01072 in Discernible Organs in Cycle 1

The AUC of 177Lu-IPN01072 radioactivity in discernible organs were computed for each administration of 177Lu-IPN01072. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: 4, 24, 48, 72 to 96 hours, 144 to 168 hours post infusion in Cycle 1

,,
InterventionMBq*hour (Median)
Bone marrow (Image-based)Kidney (left + right)LiverSpleen
All Participants1758239111337772
Part A: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq174959667456701
Part B Cohort 1: 177Lu-IPN01072 6 GBq3528966179187949

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Area Under the Concentration Time Curve (AUC) of 177Lu-IPN01072 in Discernible Organs in Cycle 1

The AUC of 177Lu-IPN01072 radioactivity in discernible organs were computed for each administration of 177Lu-IPN01072. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: 4, 24, 48, 72 to 96 hours, 144 to 168 hours post infusion in Cycle 1

,
InterventionMBq*hour (Median)
Bone marrow (Image-based)Kidney (left + right)Spleen
Part B Cohort 3: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq13862397727
Part B Cohort 6: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq15775788179

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Time to Reach Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of IPN01072 in Cycle 1

The PK sampling was performed from Day 1 to Day 3 post infusion done at Cycle 1 for Part B only. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion (Baseline) and 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours after the end of the infusion in Cycle 1

Interventionhours (Median)
Part B: All Participants0.083

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Number of Participants With Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLT)

DLTs were defined as study medication-related AEs with a severity of Grade 3 or higher are considered DLT, with the exception of hair loss, lymphopenia, nonfebrile neutropenia lasting <4 weeks and thrombocytopenia lasting <4 weeks. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: From the start of the first study medication (Cycle 1 Day 1) up to EOCT, maximum of 16 weeks.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Part A: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq3
Part B Cohort 1: 177Lu-IPN01072 6 GBq0
Part B Cohort 3: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq2
Part B Cohort 6: 177Lu-IPN01072 4.5 GBq1
All Participants6

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Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of IPN01072 in Cycle 1

The PK sampling was performed from Day 1 to Day 3 post infusion done at Cycle 1 for Part B only. (NCT02592707)
Timeframe: Pre-infusion (Baseline) and 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours after the end of the infusion in Cycle 1

Interventionnanogram (ng)/milliliter (mL) (Mean)
Part B: All Participants10.7

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Time to First Bowel Movement

Time to first bowel movement is defined as the amount of time, from midnight on post-operative Day 1 (ie, first midnight following the surgery), to when the participant was to be able to pass a stool post-operatively. The outcome is reported as the time in days, with standard deviation, for the group receiving transversus abdominis plane (TAP) nerve block and the group receiving the placebo control. (NCT02601027)
Timeframe: up to 1 week

Interventiondays (Mean)
0.125% Bupivacaine1.67
Placebo1.62

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Time to Ambulation

Time to ambulation is defined as the amount of time, from midnight on post-operative Day 1 (ie, first midnight following the surgery), to when the participant to be able to stand up and walk a few steps post-operatively. The assessment of whether or not the participant was able to walk was subjective on the part of the shift nurse (ie, no defined number of steps nor quantitative assessment of gait or stability), and was not explicitly defined in the protocol or elsewhere. The outcome is reported as the time to ambulation in days, with standard deviation, for the group receiving transversus abdominis plane (TAP) nerve block and the group receiving the placebo control. (NCT02601027)
Timeframe: up to 1 week

Interventiondays (Mean)
0.125% Bupivacaine1.28
Placebo1.45

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Post-operative Pain Score

Post-operative Pain Score is defined using Visual Analog Scale (VAS), a patient-reported pain score based on viewing a graphic of a scale 0 to 10, and indicating pain level. Each participant was asked about 48 hours after breast reconstruction to indicate their their perceived pain according on the VAS scale. Higher scores represent greater pain. The outcome is reported as the mean VAS score at 48 hours, with standard deviation. (NCT02601027)
Timeframe: 2 days

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
0.125% Bupivacaine3.76
Placebo3.96

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Post-operative Anti-emetic Usage

Odansetron by intravenous administration was used to control nausea (ie, an anti-emetic drug). Anti-emetic usage was collected for first 48 hours post-operatively after breast reconstruction for the group receiving transversus abdominis plane (TAP) nerve block compared to the group receiving the placebo control. The outcome is reported as the mean quantity of Odansetron in milligrams (mg) administered to each group, with standard deviation. (NCT02601027)
Timeframe: 48 hours

Interventionmilligrams (mg) (Mean)
0.125% Bupivacaine5.14
Placebo9.93

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Post-operative Narcotic Usage

Narcotic usage was collected for first 48 hours post-operatively after breast reconstruction. The type and amount of each narcotic administered were each converted to the morphine equivalent amount that would be orally administered to achieve the same event. This term is known as the oral morphine equivalent (OME). Narcotic usage was assessed between the group receiving transversus abdominis plane (TAP) nerve block compared to the group receiving the placebo control. The outcome is reported as the observed OME for each group. (NCT02601027)
Timeframe: 48 hours

Interventionmilligrams (mg) (Mean)
0.125% Bupivacaine139.3
Placebo169.2

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Quality of Life Measurement

Quality of life for the study groups was assessed with the BREAST-Q questionnaire, a survey set of 6 pre-operative questionnaires comprised of 58 questions, and 15 post-operative questionnaires, collected 2 to 6 months after surgery, which is comprised of 109 questions. The results range for the pre-operative and post-operative questionnaire sets is 0 to 269 and 0 to 462, respectively. Because the baseline and post-operative domains are different, the BREAST-Q survey is not a measure of quality of life change over time. The Breast Q questionnaire was validated by Pusic, et al (citation provided). Higher scores for a domain represents better quality of life. The outcome is reported as the mean for each group and timepoint, with standard deviation. (NCT02601027)
Timeframe: Pre-operative Baseline and Post-operative (2-6 months)

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Pre-operative baselinePost-operative (2 to 6 month)
0.125% Bupivacaine97.30342.11
Placebo99.08358.00

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Time to Nausea Reduction by 50% by Visual Analog Scale.

A visual analog scale (VAS) will be utilized to determine level of nausea. The VAS scale will be utilized before enrollment, at the time of medication administration, then every 2 minutes after administration for 10 minutes. The scale is a numbered linear scale from 0-10, with 0 = no nausea and 10 = worst nausea possible (NCT02618343)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 10 minutes

InterventionMinutes (Mean)
Isopropyl Alcohol4.3
Ondansetron Group3.5

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Number of Subjects That Required Rescue Ondansetron

We will compare the number of times that a subject required ondansetron administration after IPA administration, and the number of times ondansetron repeat dose is required in the control group. (NCT02618343)
Timeframe: 15 minutes

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Isopropyl Alcohol0
Ondansetron Group2

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Adherence to PONV Guidelines

PONV guideline adherence: percentage of patients who received the exact number of prophylactic interventions for PONV that were recommended by the decision support. (NCT02625181)
Timeframe: A specific time frame on the day of surgery: the start of admission at the holding room to the end of the anesthetic case

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Baseline Measurement666
CDS Email Recommendations5260
CDS Email + Real TIme Recommenations5863

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Time to Discharge From the Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU)

This is the number of minutes from admission to the PACU until discharge, assessed up to 2 days (NCT02625181)
Timeframe: A specific time frame on the day of surgery: from the start of admission to the PACU to discharge from the PACU

Interventionminutes (Mean)
Baseline Measurement266
CDS Email Recommendations264
CDS Email + Real TIme Recommenations266

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The Number of Prophylactic Interventions for PONV

the absolute number of prophylactic interventions applied between the admission of the patient in the holding room until admission to the PACU. (NCT02625181)
Timeframe: A specific time frame on the day of surgery: from the start of admission at the holding room to the end of the anesthetic case

Interventionprophylactic antiemetics administered (Mean)
Baseline Measurement2.196
CDS Email Recommendations2.176
CDS Email + Real TIme Recommenations2.129

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PONV Incidence: Number of Participants With Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

The occurrence of PONV, as defined by the administration of antiemetics in the PACU between admission to PACU and discharge from PACU. (NCT02625181)
Timeframe: PACU recovery period

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Baseline Measurement139
CDS Email Recommendations1323
CDS Email + Real TIme Recommenations1343

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Nausea

Reduction in 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score. The maximum possible change in VAS score is 100 mm, representing the complete relief of maximum nausea. A change of 0 mm corresponds to no change in nausea level, and a negative value indicates worsening of the nausea after the medication. (NCT02657031)
Timeframe: 0-60 minutes

Interventionmm (Mean)
Control Arm38.9
Study Arm22.9

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Headache Following Intervention

Reduction in 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score. Positive values represent a reduction in headache severity. The maximum possible change in VAS score is 100 mm, representing the complete relief of a maximally severe headache. A change of 0 mm corresponds to no change in headache severity, and a negative value indicates worsening of the headache after the medication. (NCT02657031)
Timeframe: 0-60 minutes

Interventionmm (Mean)
Control Arm63.5
Study Arm43.5

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The Number of Participants Experiencing Vomiting

Yes/No (NCT02657031)
Timeframe: 0-60 minutes

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Control Arm2
Study Arm3

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The Number of Patients Experiencing Restlessness

Yes/No (NCT02657031)
Timeframe: 0-60 minutes

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Control Arm3
Study Arm3

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Anxiety

Reduction in 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score. The maximum possible change in VAS score is 100 mm, representing the complete relief of maximum anxiety. A change of 0 mm corresponds to no change in anxiety level, and a negative value indicates worsening of the anxiety after the medication. (NCT02657031)
Timeframe: 0-60 minutes

Interventionmm (Mean)
Control Arm33.7
Study Arm21.2

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Number of Participants With Complete Response (CR) of Rolapitant Hydrochloride Administered as a Single-dose

Complete response (CR) no emetic episodes and no rescue medications. (NCT02732015)
Timeframe: Days 1-10

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Cohort 10
Cohort 25

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Number of Participants Who Required Rescue Anti-emetics

Whether patient required rescue anti-emetics (binary variable). Measured using nurse drug administration record. (NCT02760069)
Timeframe: Study duration (up to 5 hours post intervention)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Inhaled ISO + Oral Ondansetron11
Inhaled ISO + Oral Placebo10
Inhaled Placebo + Oral Ondansetron18

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Nausea 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)

Full Scale Name: Nausea 100-mm visual analogue scale. Scale Construct: Measures nausea as reported by the patient Scale Range: Minimum is 0 (no nausea) to 100 (worst nausea imaginable). These values quantify, on an interval scale anchored at 0, the patient's subjective sensation of nausea. Higher values represent worse outcomes (e.g., more nausea). Patient makes a single vertical mark on a 100 mm horizontal line with 0 at the left and 100 on the right to depict their nausea. (NCT02760069)
Timeframe: 30 minutes post intervention

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Inhaled ISO + Oral Ondansetron23
Inhaled ISO + Oral Placebo19
Inhaled Placebo + Oral Ondansetron42

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CSF to Plasma Concentration Ratio

CSF: plasma ratio of ondansetron at the time of obtaining the CSF sample (NCT02901054)
Timeframe: 0-180 min from the beginning of infusion

InterventionRatio (Mean)
Open Label Infusion Ondansetron0.15

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Vomiting

The investigators will perform objective assessments of whether or not the patients have vomited during the procedure. The investigators will then analyze if there is a statistically significant difference between the number of patients that vomit in each group. (NCT02959840)
Timeframe: During the surgical procedure

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Control27
Metoclopramide, Ondansetron10
Acupressure Point P6 Stimulator8

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Vomiting During Stage II (After Eversion of the Uterus and Until Replacement of the Uterus)

The investigators will perform objective assessments of whether or not the patients have vomited during stage II. The investigators will then analyze if there is a statistically significant difference between the number of patients that vomit in each group. (NCT02959840)
Timeframe: During the surgical procedure

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Control10
Metoclopramide, Ondansetron1
Acupressure Point P6 Stimulator3

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Vomiting During Stage IV (the Rest of the Time Until Arrival at PACU)

The investigators will perform objective assessments of whether or not the patients have vomited during stage IV. The investigators will then analyze if there is a statistically significant difference between the number of patients that vomit in each group. (NCT02959840)
Timeframe: During the surgical procedure

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Control0
Metoclopramide, Ondansetron2
Acupressure Point P6 Stimulator0

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Nausea

The investigators will analyze if there is a statistically significant difference between the number of patients that experience nausea at any point during the surgical procedure in each group. (NCT02959840)
Timeframe: During the surgical procedure

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Control44
Metoclopramide, Ondansetron14
Acupressure Point P6 Stimulator22

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Nausea During Stage I (After the Administration of CSE and Until Eversion of the Uterus)

Patients offer their subjective assessments of the level of nausea on a scale of 0-10 (0 = no nausea, 10 = worst nausea ever experienced) during stage I. The investigators will analyze if there is a statistically significant difference between the number of patients that experience nausea in each group at this point. Patients that report nausea (1 or more on our scale) will be recorded as that they have experienced nausea. (NCT02959840)
Timeframe: During the surgical procedure

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Control33
Metoclopramide, Ondansetron7
Acupressure Point P6 Stimulator14

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Nausea During Stage II (After Eversion of the Uterus and Until Replacement of the Uterus)

Patients offer their subjective assessments of the level of nausea on a scale of 0-10 (0 = no nausea, 10 = worst nausea ever experienced) during stage II. The investigators will analyze if there is a statistically significant difference between the number of patients that experience nausea in each group at this point. Patients that report nausea (1 or more on our scale) will be recorded as that they have experienced nausea. (NCT02959840)
Timeframe: During the surgical procedure

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Control12
Metoclopramide, Ondansetron6
Acupressure Point P6 Stimulator5

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Nausea During Stage IV (the Rest of the Time Until Arrival at PACU)

Patients offer their subjective assessments of the level of nausea on a scale of 0-10 (0 = no nausea, 10 = worst nausea ever experienced) during stage IV. The investigators will analyze if there is a statistically significant difference between the number of patients that experience nausea in each group at this point. Patients that report nausea (1 or more on our scale) will be recorded as that they have experienced nausea. (NCT02959840)
Timeframe: During the surgical procedure

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Control3
Metoclopramide, Ondansetron4
Acupressure Point P6 Stimulator0

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Overall Anesthetic Care Satisfaction

Patients are asked their overall anesthetic care satisfaction (0 = Not Satisfied, 10 = Extremely Satisfied). Data are expressed as number of parturients who gave a score of 8 or higher. (NCT02959840)
Timeframe: During the surgical procedure

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Control53
Metoclopramide, Ondansetron58
Acupressure Point P6 Stimulator56

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Satisfaction of Anti-emetic Treatment

Patients are asked their anti-emetic treatment satisfaction (0 = Not Satisfied, 10 = Extremely Satisfied). Data are expressed as number of parturients who gave a score of 8 or higher. (NCT02959840)
Timeframe: During the surgical procedure

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Control49
Metoclopramide, Ondansetron58
Acupressure Point P6 Stimulator55

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Vomiting During Stage I (After the Administration of CSE and Until Eversion of the Uterus)

The investigators will perform objective assessments of whether or not the patients have vomited during stage I. The investigators will then analyze if there is a statistically significant difference between the number of patients that vomit in each group. (NCT02959840)
Timeframe: During the surgical procedure

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Control20
Metoclopramide, Ondansetron5
Acupressure Point P6 Stimulator4

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Complete Response (CR) Rate as Measured by MAT With Supplemental Nurses Notes

The Complete Response rate is defined as the proportion of participants with no emetic episode or the use of rescue medication during the first two weeks of radiation therapy and concomitant Temozolomide. The Complete Response rate will be assessed via the modified Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) MAT and nurse notes if MATs are missing. (NCT02991456)
Timeframe: Weeks 1 and 2

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
Sequence A0.6000
Sequence B0.6522

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Complete Response (CR) Rate as Measured by Antiemesis Tool (MAT)

The Complete Response rate is defined as the proportion of participants with no emetic episode or the use of rescue medication during the first two weeks of radiation therapy and concomitant Temozolomide. The Complete Response rate will be assessed via the modified Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Antiemesis Tool (MAT). (NCT02991456)
Timeframe: Weeks 1 and 2

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
Sequence A0.5717
Sequence B0.7368

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Chemoradiation-induced Vomiting (cRIV) Rate Over First Two Weeks With Supplemental Nurses Notes

The cRIV-CR rate is defined as the proportion of participants without use of rescue medication for vomiting. The cRIV-CR rates were assessed via the modified Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Antiemesis Tool (MAT) and nurse notes if MATS are missing. (NCT02991456)
Timeframe: Weeks 1 and 2

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
Sequence A0.8000
Sequence B0.9565

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Chemoradiation-induced Vomiting (cRIV) Rate Over First Two Weeks

The cRIV-CR rate is defined as the proportion of participants without use of rescue medication for vomiting. The cRIV-CR rates were assessed via the modified Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Antiemesis Tool (MAT). (NCT02991456)
Timeframe: Weeks 1 and 2

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
Sequence A0.8095
Sequence B1.0000

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Chemoradiation-induced Vomiting (cRIV) Rate Over All Six Weeks

The cRIV-CR rate is defined as the proportion of participants without use of rescue medication for vomiting. The cRIV-CR rates were assessed via the modified Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Antiemesis Tool (MAT). (NCT02991456)
Timeframe: Weeks 1-6

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
Sequence A0.7368
Sequence B0.8947

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Chemoradiation-induced Nausea (cRIN) Rate Over First Two Weeks and Supplemented by Nurses Notes

The cRIN-CR rate is defined as the proportion of participants who did not use rescue medication for nausea. The cRIN-CR rates were assessed via the modified Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Antiemesis Tool (MAT) and nurses notes if MATs were missing. (NCT02991456)
Timeframe: Weeks 1 and 2

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
Sequence A0.6000
Sequence B0.6087

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Chemoradiation-induced Nausea (cRIN) Rate Over First Two Weeks

The cRIN-CR rate is defined as the proportion of participants who did not use rescue medication for nausea. The cRIN-CR rates were assessed via the modified Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Antiemesis Tool (MAT). (NCT02991456)
Timeframe: Weeks 1 and 2

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
Sequence A0.6160
Sequence B0.6842

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Chemoradiation-induced Nausea (cRIN) Rate Over All Six Weeks

The cRIN-CR rate is defined as the proportion of participants who did not use rescue medication for nausea. The cRIN-CR rates were assessed via the modified Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Antiemesis Tool (MAT). (NCT02991456)
Timeframe: Weeks 1-6

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
Sequence A0.4737
Sequence B0.4737

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Week 6 Patient Satisfaction: Convenience

Mean convenience scores at week 6 using the 9-item Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM-9) patient satisfaction survey. The convenience subscale score was computed from the 3 items corresponding to convenience. The resulting convenience score is measured from 0-100 with higher scores corresponding to higher convenience. (NCT02991456)
Timeframe: Weeks 4-6

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Sequence A86.11
Sequence B91.98

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Week 3 Patient Satisfaction: Overall Satisfaction

Mean overall satisfaction scores at week 3 using the 9-item Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM-9) patient satisfaction survey. The overall satisfaction subscale score was computed from the 3 items corresponding to overall satisfaction. The resulting overall satisfaction score is measured from 0-100 with higher scores corresponding to higher overall satisfaction. (NCT02991456)
Timeframe: Weeks 1-3

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Sequence A81.88
Sequence B90.94

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Ondansetron Medication Compliance Weeks 1-3

Percentage of participants who adhered to ondansetron treatment for more than 21 days during weeks 1-3. (NCT02991456)
Timeframe: Weeks 1-3

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Sequence A91.30
Sequence B100

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Week 3 Patient Satisfaction: Effectiveness

Mean effectiveness scores at week 3 using the 9-item Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM-9) patient satisfaction survey. The effectiveness subscale score was computed from the 3 items corresponding to effectiveness. The resulting effectiveness score is measured from 0-100 with higher scores corresponding to higher effectiveness. (NCT02991456)
Timeframe: Weeks 1-3

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Sequence A83.60
Sequence B94.44

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Ondansetron Medication Compliance Weeks 4-6

Percentage of participants who adhered to ondansetron treatment for more than 21 days during weeks 4-6. (NCT02991456)
Timeframe: Weeks 4-6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Sequence A95
Sequence B95.24

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Week 3 Patient Satisfaction: Convenience

Mean convenience scores at week 3 using the 9-item Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM-9) patient satisfaction survey. The convenience subscale score was computed from the 3 items corresponding to convenience. The resulting convenience score is measured from 0-100 with higher scores corresponding to higher convenience. (NCT02991456)
Timeframe: Weeks 1-3

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Sequence A85.71
Sequence B94.15

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Week 6 Patient Satisfaction: Overall Satisfaction

Mean overall satisfaction scores at week 6 using the 9-item Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM-9) patient satisfaction survey. The overall satisfaction subscale score was computed from the 3 items corresponding to overall satisfaction. The resulting overall satisfaction score is measured from 0-100 with higher scores corresponding to higher overall satisfaction. (NCT02991456)
Timeframe: Weeks 4-6

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Sequence A81.39
Sequence B88.58

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Week 6 Patient Satisfaction: Effectiveness

Mean effectiveness scores at week 6 using the 9-item Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM-9) patient satisfaction survey. The effectiveness subscale score was computed by summing the 3 items corresponding to effectiveness. The resulting effectiveness score is measured from 0-100 with higher scores corresponding to higher effectiveness. (NCT02991456)
Timeframe: Weeks 4-6

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Sequence A83.89
Sequence B88.27

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Nausea and Vomiting During PACU Staying

The occurrence of PONV will be registered during the PACU (NCT03035942)
Timeframe: 4h

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
O Group3
D Group9
S Group9

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Pain During Postanesthesia Care Unit and Ward Stay (Numeric Rating Scale - NRS)

Pain were assessed every 15 minutes during postanesthesia care unit, where zero meant no pain and 10 the worst imaginable pain (higher values represent worse outcome). Twenty four hours after surgery, patients were asked to describe the highest pain score (NRS) during ward stay. (NCT03035942)
Timeframe: 24 hours

InterventionScore on a scale (NRS) (Median)
D Group0
O Group5
S Group2

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Number of Participants With Pruritus

The occurrence of localized or generalized itching (patients who answered yes or no) (NCT03035942)
Timeframe: 24 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
O Group4
D Group7
S Group8

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Quality of Recovery

Quality of Recovery Questionnaire (QoR-40). Minimum score 40 (very poor quality of recovery) and maximun score 200 (excellent quality of recovery). Higher scores mean better outcome (NCT03035942)
Timeframe: Twenty four hours after surgery by a blinded investigator

InterventionScore on a scale (Median)
O Group184
D Group187
S Group185

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Change in Nausea Score

"Difference in the nausea score before and after treatment. Nausea is scored on a scale from 1 to 10 with 1 being no nausea and 10 being severe nausea with impending vomiting.~A greater difference is indicative of a better outcome" (NCT03075163)
Timeframe: Time to discharge from post anesthetic care unit

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Acupressure1.88
Ondansetron1.25

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Complete Control Rate of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Following 2nd Cycle of Chemotherapy

Complete control rate of nausea and vomiting is defined as the percentage of patients without episodes of nausea or emesis, or rescue medication administered, during overall phase of the second chemotherapy cycle. Data was collected by administration of the MASCC Antiemesis Tool. The MASCC Antiemesis Tool is an eight-item questionnaire administered to patients to assess the occurrence of vomiting and nausea both during the first 24 hours after chemotherapy as well as the occurrence of delayed nausea and vomiting from the day after to 120 hours after chemotherapy. (NCT03237611)
Timeframe: 24 hours following the second cycle of chemotherapy

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
VomitingNausea
Low Dose Aprepitant or Fosaprepitant33

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Complete Control Rate of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Following 1st Cycle of Chemotherapy

Complete control rate of nausea and vomiting is defined as the percentage of patients without episodes of nausea or emesis, or rescue medication administered, during the overall phase of the first carboplatin-based chemotherapy cycle. Data was collected by administration of the MASCC Antiemesis Tool. The MASCC Antiemesis Tool is an eight-item questionnaire administered to patients to assess the occurrence of vomiting and nausea both during the first 24 hours after chemotherapy as well as the occurrence of delayed nausea and vomiting from the day after to 120 hours after chemotherapy. (NCT03237611)
Timeframe: From 24 to 120 hours following the first cycle of chemotherapy, approximately 5 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
VomitingNausea
Low Dose Aprepitant or Fosaprepitant99

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Complete Control Rate of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Following 2nd Cycle of Chemotherapy

Complete control rate of nausea and vomiting is defined as the percentage of patients without episodes of nausea or emesis, or rescue medication administered, during overall phase of the second chemotherapy cycle. Data was collected by administration of the MASCC Antiemesis Tool. The MASCC Antiemesis Tool is an eight-item questionnaire administered to patients to assess the occurrence of vomiting and nausea both during the first 24 hours after chemotherapy as well as the occurrence of delayed nausea and vomiting from the day after to 120 hours after chemotherapy. (NCT03237611)
Timeframe: From 24 to 120 hours following the second cycle of chemotherapy, approximately 5 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
VomitingNausea
Low Dose Aprepitant or Fosaprepitant33

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Complete Control Rate of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) Following 1st Cycle of Chemotherapy

Complete control rate of nausea and vomiting is defined as the percentage of patients without episodes of nausea or emesis, or rescue medication administered, during the overall phase of the first carboplatin-based chemotherapy cycle. Data was collected by administration of the MASCC Antiemesis Tool. The MASCC Antiemesis Tool is an eight-item questionnaire administered to patients to assess the occurrence of vomiting and nausea both during the first 24 hours after chemotherapy as well as the occurrence of delayed nausea and vomiting from the day after to 120 hours after chemotherapy. (NCT03237611)
Timeframe: 24 hours following the first cycle of chemotherapy

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
VomitingNausea
Low Dose Aprepitant or Fosaprepitant1110

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Change in Sensory Phenomena Scale (SPS) Score

"The SPS is a clinician-rated scale that assesses presence or absence of sensory phenomena. It contains a checklist with examples of different types of sensory phenomena, including physical sensations, just right sensations, incompleteness, general energy or inner tension buildup, and urges. The total score ranges from 0-15, with higher scores indicating more severe sensory phenomena. A score of 6 or more is defined as moderate or greater severity of sensory phenomena. An decrease in scores indicates severity decreased during the observational period." (NCT03239210)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Ondansetron (OND)1.646
Placebo (PL)1.204

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Change in Brain Activation - Somatosensory Cortex

"Change in brain activation is measured by percentage blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal change in the somatosensory cortex. BOLD signal is captured via functional MRI taken during MRI scanning sessions. Participants viewed body-focused videos (e.g., close-ups of a brush stroking a hand) alternating with control videos depicting similar types of movements but without body parts (e.g., a pen moving across a table) in an MRI scanner. Analysis examined change in brain activation between baseline and final during the viewing of body-focused videos compared to control videos. The outcome measure is the change in brain activation (Baseline minus Final) averaged across the right and left postcentral gyrus regions of interest." (NCT03239210)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4

InterventionPercent BOLD Signal Change (Median)
Ondansetron (OND)-0.097
Placebo (PL)-0.0052

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Change in Brain Activation - Insula Cortex

"Change in brain activation is measured by percentage blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal change in the insula cortex. BOLD signal is captured via functional MRI taken during MRI scanning sessions. Participants viewed body-focused videos (e.g., close-ups of a brush stroking a hand) alternating with control videos depicting similar types of movements but without body parts (e.g., a pen moving across a table) in an MRI scanner. Analysis examined change in brain activation between baseline and final during the viewing of body-focused videos compared to control videos. The outcome measure is the change in brain activation (Baseline minus Final) averaged across the right and left insula regions of interest." (NCT03239210)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4

InterventionPercent BOLD Signal Change (Mean)
Ondansetron (OND)-0.071
Placebo (PL)-0.0094

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Change in Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) Score

The YGTSS is designed to rate the overall severity of motor and phonic tic symptoms across a range of dimensions: number, frequency, intensity, complexity, and interference. The total score is the sum of the 5 motor tic items and the 5 phonic (vocal) tic items and ranges from 0 to 50, with higher scores representing greater severity. A decrease in scores indicates severity decreased during the observational period. (NCT03239210)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Ondansetron (OND)1.4
Placebo (PL)3.6

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Change in Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) Score

Y-BOCS is designed to rate the severity and type of symptoms in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. In general, the items depend on the patient's report; however, the final rating is based on the clinical judgement of the interviewer. The scale consists of 10 items summed to determine the level of symptom severity. The total score ranges from 0 to 40 with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. A decrease in scores indicates symptom severity decreased during the observational period. (NCT03239210)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Ondansetron (OND)2.25
Placebo (PL)1

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Incidence of Post Operative Nausea or Vomiting

number of participants with any incidence of postoperative nausea or vomiting (NCT03262038)
Timeframe: 24 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Ondansetron IV8
Placebo23

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Incidence of Pruritus

number of participants with any incidence of pruritus (NCT03262038)
Timeframe: 24 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Ondansetron IV14
Placebo24

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Severity of Post Operative Nausea or Vomiting

number of participants who Indicated mild post operative nausea or vomiting (no treatment needed) or severe postoperative nausea or vomiting(treatment needed) (NCT03262038)
Timeframe: 24 hours

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Mild / no treatment requiredSevere / requiring treatment
Ondansetron IV26
Placebo419

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Severity of Pruritus

number of participants who indicated mild pruritus (no treatment needed) or severe pruritus (treatment needed) (NCT03262038)
Timeframe: 24 hours

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Mild / no treatment neededSevere / requiring treatment
Ondansetron IV113
Placebo420

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Nausea Scale

Nausea Scale - full scale from 1-10, with higher score indicating more symptom of nausea (NCT03297021)
Timeframe: average of 4 hours in PACU and POD1

,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
PACUPOD1
Ondansetron 4mg Pre-emergence3.52.0
Ondansetron 8mg Pre-emergence4.01.0
Ondansetron Pre-Incision and Pre-emergence4.08.0

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Number of Participants With Symptoms on POD 1

Number of participants with symptom presence of nausea or vomiting or headache on post-operative day one (NCT03297021)
Timeframe: Day 1

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
NauseaVomitingHeadache
Ondansetron 4mg Pre-emergence915
Ondansetron 8mg Pre-emergence415
Ondansetron Pre-Incision and Pre-emergence103

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Total Anesthesia Time

(NCT03297021)
Timeframe: intraoperative, up to 3.5 hours

Interventionminutes (Mean)
Ondansetron 4mg Pre-emergence116.0
Ondansetron 8mg Pre-emergence128.5
Ondansetron Pre-Incision and Pre-emergence118.0

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Number of Participants Who Needed Rescue Anti-emetics

Number participants who needed rescue anti-emetics, i.e,, additional treatments needed to control nausea or vomiting in the PACU (NCT03297021)
Timeframe: average of 4 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Ondansetron 4mg Pre-emergence4
Ondansetron 8mg Pre-emergence1
Ondansetron Pre-Incision and Pre-emergence2

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Number of Participants With Episodes of Vomiting in the PACU

Number of participants with episodes of vomiting in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (NCT03297021)
Timeframe: average of 4 hours

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Ondansetron 4mg Pre-emergence2
Ondansetron 8mg Pre-emergence0
Ondansetron Pre-Incision and Pre-emergence1

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Nausea

% of patients with nausea (NCT03435692)
Timeframe: Post-Operative Days 0-2

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (< 6 Years Old)40
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (< 6 Years Old)33.3
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (6 Years and Older)71.4
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (6 Years and Older)55.6
Patient Controlled Analgesia (6 Years and Older)71.4

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Muscle Spasm

% of patients w/ muscle spasm (NCT03435692)
Timeframe: Post-Operative days 0-2

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (< 6 Years Old)80
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (< 6 Years Old)55.6
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (6 Years and Older)100
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (6 Years and Older)44.4
Patient Controlled Analgesia (6 Years and Older)71.4

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Maximum Pain Score

"Mean of Maximum Pain Score POD 0-2~Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability Pain Scale (FLACC) for children 1-3 years of age, Faces Pain Scale - Revised (FPS-R) for children over age 3 and the Numeric scale (0-10) for children over age 7.~minimum value = 0, maximum value 10 (higher score is worse)" (NCT03435692)
Timeframe: Post-Operative Days 0-2

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (< 6 Years Old)5.5
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (< 6 Years Old)4.3
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (6 Years and Older)6.4
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (6 Years and Older)5.5
Patient Controlled Analgesia (6 Years and Older)6.5

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Itching

% of patients with itching (NCT03435692)
Timeframe: Post-Operative Days 0-2

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (< 6 Years Old)40
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (< 6 Years Old)33.3
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (6 Years and Older)28.6
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (6 Years and Older)22.2
Patient Controlled Analgesia (6 Years and Older)42.9

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Hospital Length of Stay

Total hospital length of stay (NCT03435692)
Timeframe: Through hospital stay, an average of 2-3 days.

Interventiondays (Mean)
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (< 6 Years Old)1.9
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (< 6 Years Old)2
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (6 Years and Older)2.9
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (6 Years and Older)2.5
Patient Controlled Analgesia (6 Years and Older)3.2

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Total Perioperative Morphine Equivalents

All administered opioids measured as morphine equivalents (mg/kg) (NCT03435692)
Timeframe: Post-Operative Days 0-2

Interventionmg/kg (Mean)
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (< 6 Years Old)0.54
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (< 6 Years Old)0.7
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (6 Years and Older)0.85
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (6 Years and Older)0.83
Patient Controlled Analgesia (6 Years and Older)2.23

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Episodes of Postoperative Nausea

The total number count of post operative nausea episodes were determined by nursing documentation or by treatment with rescue antinausea medication. (NCT03503292)
Timeframe: 0-48 hours post bariatric surgery

Interventionepisodes (Number)
CYP2D6 Rapid Metabolizer (Granisetron)0
CYP2D6 Normal Metabolizer (Ondansetron)16

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Episodes of Postoperative Vomiting

The total number count of post operative vomiting episodes were determined by nursing documentation or by treatment with rescue antinausea medication. (NCT03503292)
Timeframe: 0-48 hours post bariatric surgery

Interventionepisodes (Number)
CYP2D6 Rapid Metabolizer (Granisetron)0
CYP2D6 Normal Metabolizer (Ondansetron)4

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Total Frequency of Rescue Medication as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire

The specific measure will be based on the single item : number of extra nausea/vomiting pills taken (None, One , Twice, More than twice) of the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire. (NCT03578081)
Timeframe: Over 5 Days per each of the 4 cycles

,
Interventionepisodes (Number)
ZeroOneTwoMore than two
Arm I (Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine, Olanzapine)361435017056
Arm II (Placebo, Olanzapine)354140516274

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Potential Toxicities as Ascribed to Olanzapine as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire

Potential toxicities includes nausea, undesired sedation, and undesired appetite, measured by three individual items ( nausea, undesired sedation, undesired appetite) of the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Dairy/Questionnaire(scale 0-10, 0 is no symptoms, 10 is worst symptoms). Incidences of toxicities will be summarized by type and by treatment arm. Incidences of toxicities will be compared between arms using a Chi-squared test or the Fisher's exact test as appropriate. In addition, undesired sedation and appetite increase as collected in the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire will be analyzed by repeated measures analyses including descriptive statistics, graphical approaches, and growth curve models to account for the factor of day and time trend. (NCT03578081)
Timeframe: Up to 120 hours

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Overall No Appetite IncreaseOverall Any Appetite IncreaseAcute No Appetite IncreaseAcute Any Appetite IncreaseDelayed No Appetite IncreaseDelayed Any Appetite Increase
Arm I (Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine, Olanzapine)14018623591147179
Arm II (Placebo, Olanzapine)13618423684143177

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No Nausea Rate Defined as a Response of 0 in the Nausea Item of Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire in the Overall (0-120 Hours), Acute (0-24 Hours), and Delayed (24-120 Hours) Periods

The specific measure will be based on the proportion of patients with a value of 0, as measured by the single nausea item (scale 0-10, 0 is no symptoms, 10 is worst symptoms) of the Questionnaire. A modified intent-to-treat principle will be applied for statistical analysis of efficacy in evaluable patients. The proportions of patients with no nausea during the overall, the acute, and the delayed period will be summarized by treatment arm. They will be tested in a sequential manner, using a Simes gatekeeping procedure to maintain the overall significance level at the specified by the Lan-DeMets family of alpha spending function. The difference in no nausea proportions between arms will be estimated along with a one-sided 95% confidence interval. The tests and the confidence intervals will be constructed using normal approximation of the binomial distribution adjusted for the non-inferiority margin. (NCT03578081)
Timeframe: Up to 120 hours

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Overall No NauseaOverall Any NauseaAcute No NauseaAcute Any NauseaDelayed No NauseaDelayed Any Nausea
Arm I (Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine, Olanzapine)123203202124140186
Arm II (Placebo, Olanzapine)97223201119114206

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Complete Response (CR) (no Emetic Episodes and no Use of Rescue Medication) During the Acute, Delayed and the Overall Periods as Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire

"The specific measure will be based on the proportion of patients who answered None to both questions concerning Vomiting episode(None, Once, Twice, More than twice) and number of extra nausea/vomiting pills taken (None, One, Two, More than two) in the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire. The CR rate for the overall, the acute, and the delayed period will be summarized by treatment arm and will be compared using a Chi-squared test. The difference in CR rates between arms will be estimated along with a 95% confidence interval." (NCT03578081)
Timeframe: Up to 120 hours

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Complete Response - >> OverallComplete Response - >> AcuteComplete Response ->> Delayed
Arm I (Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine, Olanzapine)179256193
Arm II (Placebo, Olanzapine)151247166

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Average Nausea Scores (0-10) Repeatedly Measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire

The specific measure will be based on the by the single nausea item (scale 0-10, 0 is no symptoms, 10 is worst symptoms) of the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire. Nausea scores (0-10) repeatedly measured by the Nausea and Vomiting Daily Diary/Questionnaire will be analyzed using the repeated measures analyses and growth curve models as described above for undesired sedation and increase in appetite. (NCT03578081)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Arm I (Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine, Olanzapine)0.8211364
Arm II (Placebo, Olanzapine)0.9177778

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Percentage of Participants With Emesis Within 24 Hours Post-Surgery

Percentage of participants with emesis, defined as vomiting (the forceful discharge of even the smallest amount of stomach contents) or retching (the same muscular movements as vomiting but without expulsion of stomach contents) were reported. Percentages are rounded off to whole number at the nearest single decimal. (NCT04557189)
Timeframe: Within 24 hours post-surgery (up to Day 2)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Ondansetron 4 mg IV24.4
TAK-951 4 mg SC10.3

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Percentage of Participants With Total Response

Percentage of participants with total response, defined as no emesis, no nausea (VRS score <1), and no need for rescue therapy were reported. VRS was used to score postoperative nausea on 11-point numerical scale, where 0 represents 'no nausea' and 10 represents 'worst nausea possible'. Percentages are rounded off to whole number at the nearest single decimal. (NCT04557189)
Timeframe: Within 24 hours post-surgery (up to Day 2)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Ondansetron 4 mg IV34.1
TAK-951 4 mg SC48.7

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Percentage of Participants With Complete Response Within 24 Hours Post-Surgery

Percentage of participants with complete response, defined as no emesis (vomiting or retching) and no need for rescue therapy (indicated if vomiting/retching and/or nausea score ≥4 or upon participant's request) were reported. The severity of nausea was scored using a self-reported, 11-point numerical Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), where 0 represents no nausea and 10 represents the worst nausea possible. Significant nausea was defined as a VRS score ≥4. Percentages are rounded off to whole number at the nearest single decimal. (NCT04557189)
Timeframe: Within 24 hours post-surgery (up to Day 2)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Ondansetron 4 mg IV41.5
TAK-951 4 mg SC59.0

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Peak Nausea Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) Score

VRS was used to score postoperative nausea on 11-point numerical scale. The score ranges from 0-10, where 0 represents 'no nausea' and 10 represents 'worst nausea possible'. Higher score represents worsening of disease. Mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) was used for analysis. Least square mean (LSM) estimates extracted from MMRM are presented in the data table for each time point. (NCT04557189)
Timeframe: 30 minutes; 1, 2, 6, and 24 hours post-surgery (up to Day 2)

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
30 Minutes Post Surgery1 Hour Post Surgery2 Hours Post Surgery6 Hours Post Surgery24 Hours Post Surgery
Ondansetron 4 mg IV0.1590.0990.043-0.0200.203
TAK-951 4 mg SC0.3470.5000.3080.0770.000

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Percentage of Participants With Markedly Abnormal Clinical Laboratory Values

Laboratory parameters included hematology and serum chemistry. Percentage of participants with markedly abnormal clinical laboratory values were reported. Percentages are rounded off to whole number at the nearest single decimal. Only categories with at least 1 participant with data are reported. (NCT04557189)
Timeframe: From first administration of study drug up to Day 14

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Erythrocytes (10^12 per liter [10^12/L]): Low: <0.8*Lower Limit of Normal (LLN)Hemoglobin (grams per liter [g/L]): Low: <0.8*LLNHematocrit (percent [%]): Low: <0.8*LLNAspartate Aminotransferase (units per liter[U/L]): High: >3*Upper Limit of Normal (ULN)Alanine Aminotransferase (U/L): High: >3*ULNAlbumin (g/L): Low: <25Protein (g/L): Low: <0.8*LLNGamma Glutamyl Transferase (U/L): High: >3*ULNGlucose (millimoles per liter [mmol/L]): Low: <3Glucose (millimoles per liter [mmol/L]): High: >10Potassium (mmol/L): High: >5.5
Ondansetron 4 mg IV14.614.612.20.00.00.02.40.00.04.92.4
TAK-951 4 mg SC14.323.823.84.84.84.84.85.04.80.00.0
TAK-951 Redacted mg SC27.811.111.10.00.00.016.70.00.00.00.0

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Percentage of Participants With Markedly Abnormal Vital Signs

Vital signs included heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body temperature and BMI. Percentage of participants with markedly abnormal vital sign values were reported. Percentages are rounded off to whole number at the nearest single decimal. Only categories with at least 1 participant with data are reported. (NCT04557189)
Timeframe: From first administration of study drug up to Day 14

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Heart Rate (beats per minute [beats/min]): Low: <60Heart Rate (beats/min): High: >100Respiratory Rate (breaths per minute [breaths/min]): Low: <12Respiratory Rate (breaths/min): High: >16SBP (millimeters of mercury [mmHg]): Low: <85SBP (mmHg): High: >140DBP (mmHg): Low: <50DBP (mmHg): High: >90BMI (kg/m^2): High: >25.0
Ondansetron 4 mg IV36.614.646.3100.07.370.722.043.990.2
TAK-951 4 mg SC19.066.719.0100.09.542.933.314.385.7
TAK-951 Redacted mg SC22.272.255.6100.016.777.855.638.988.9

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Percentage of Participants With TAK-951 Antidrug Antibodies (ADA)

Percentage of participants with ADA results as: ADA negative, ADA positive were reported. Participants with ADA positive status are defined as those who had confirmed positive ADA status in baseline or at least 1 postbaseline assessments. Participants with ADA negative status are defined as those who did not have positive ADA response at baseline and in all postbaseline assessments. (NCT04557189)
Timeframe: Within 6 hours post-surgery (Day 1)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any Antidrug Antibody PositiveAny Antidrug Antibody Negative
TAK-951 4 mg SC0.0100.0
TAK-951 Redacted mg SC0.0100.0

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TAK-951 Plasma Concentrations

(NCT04557189)
Timeframe: 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-18, and 22-26 hours post-dose (up to Day 2)

Interventionpicograms per milliliter(pg/mL) (Mean)
1-3 Hours Post Dose4-6 Hours Post Dose7-9 Hours Post Dose
TAK-951 Redacted mg SC58229.4136950.0017741.76

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TAK-951 Plasma Concentrations

(NCT04557189)
Timeframe: 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-18, and 22-26 hours post-dose (up to Day 2)

Interventionpicograms per milliliter(pg/mL) (Mean)
1-3 Hours Post Dose4-6 Hours Post Dose7-9 Hours Post Dose10-18 Hours Post Dose22-26 Hours Post Dose
TAK-951 4 mg SC24734.5018456.1110568.314478.22672.63

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Percentage of Participants With Complete Response in the Immediate Postoperative Period

Percentage of participants with complete response, defined as no emesis (vomiting or retching) and no need for rescue therapy (indicated if vomiting/retching and/or nausea score ≥4 or upon participant's request) were reported. The severity of nausea was scored using a self-reported, 11-point numerical Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), where 0 represents no nausea and 10 represents the worst nausea possible. Significant nausea was defined as a VRS score ≥4. Percentages are rounded off to whole number at the nearest single decimal. (NCT04557189)
Timeframe: 6 hours post-surgery (Day 1)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Ondansetron 4 mg IV48.8
TAK-951 4 mg SC71.8

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Percentage of Participants With Emesis in the First 6 Hours Post-Surgery

Percentage of participants with emesis, defined as vomiting (the forceful discharge of even the smallest amount of stomach contents) or retching (the same muscular movements as vomiting but without expulsion of stomach contents) were reported. Percentages are rounded off to whole number at the nearest single decimal. (NCT04557189)
Timeframe: Within 6 hours post-surgery (Day 1)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Ondansetron 4 mg IV17.1
TAK-951 4 mg SC7.7

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Percentage of Participants With Clinically Significant Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Percentage of participants with clinically significant ECG interpretation were reported. Percentages are rounded off to whole number at the nearest single decimal. A combined ECG interpretation was derived using ECG heart rate, PR interval, RR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, and QT interval with Fridericia correction method (QTcF). (NCT04557189)
Timeframe: From first administration of study drug up to Day 14

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Ondansetron 4 mg IV2.4
TAK-951 4 mg SC0.0
TAK-951 Redacted mg SC0.0

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Percentage of Participants With Any Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE)

An adverse event (AE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant administered a drug; it does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. A TEAE is defined as an AE with an onset that occurs after receiving study drug. Percentages are rounded off to whole number at the nearest single decimal. (NCT04557189)
Timeframe: From first administration of study drug up to Day 14

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Ondansetron 4 mg IV87.8
TAK-951 4 mg SC71.4
TAK-951 Redacted mg SC88.9

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Percentage of Participants With Absence of Nausea in the First 6 Hours Post-Surgery

Percentage of participants without nausea, defined as urge to vomit without the presence of expulsive muscular movements were reported. Percentages are rounded off to whole number at the nearest single decimal. (NCT04557189)
Timeframe: Within 6 hours post-surgery (Day 1)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Ondansetron 4 mg IV41.5
TAK-951 4 mg SC59.0

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Percentage of Participants With Absence of Nausea in the First 24 Hours Post-Surgery

Percentage of participants without nausea, defined as urge to vomit without the presence of expulsive muscular movements were reported. CMH method was used for analysis. Percentages are rounded off to whole number at the nearest single decimal. (NCT04557189)
Timeframe: Within 24 hours post-surgery (up to Day 2)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Ondansetron 4 mg IV34.1
TAK-951 4 mg SC48.7

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Percentage of Participants Requiring Rescue Therapy for Breakthrough PONV Within 24 Hours Post-Surgery

Percentage of participants to whom rescue therapy was given as per local standard of care guidelines were reported. Percentages are rounded off to whole number at the nearest single decimal. (NCT04557189)
Timeframe: Within 24 hours post-surgery (up to Day 2)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Ondansetron 4 mg IV56.1
TAK-951 4 mg SC33.3

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Time From End of Surgery to First Emetic Event

Duration between end of wound closure to first emetic event i.e., vomiting or retching was reported. If a participant did not have an emetic event within 24 hours post-surgery, they were censored at 24 hours post-surgery. Cox proportional hazard model was used for analysis. (NCT04557189)
Timeframe: Within 24 hours post-surgery (up to Day 2)

Interventionhours (Median)
Ondansetron 4 mg IVNA
TAK-951 4 mg SCNA

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SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		12.29278amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
5-aminovaleric acid
5-aminovaleric acid: from red fox anal secretion; RN given refers to parent cpd. 5-aminopentanoic acid : A delta-amino acid comprising pentanoic acid with an amino substituent at C-5; a methylene homologue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that is a weak GABA agonist.		3.110amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid;
omega-amino fatty acid		human metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.		4.4870hydroxytryptophanhuman metabolite;
neurotransmitter
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		4.0550monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetamide
acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.		2.0510acetamides;
carboximidic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia
adenine
[no description available]		2.05106-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
agmatine
Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.		2.0410guanidines;
primary amino compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
allantoin
[no description available]		2.0510imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
ureas		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
vulnerary
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		2.7230acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		3.5920amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
1-butanol
1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.		2.0210alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.		210carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent
formic acid
formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.		4.821monocarboxylic acidantibacterial agent;
astringent;
metabolite;
protic solvent;
solvent
carnitine
[no description available]		2.4720amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		2.110alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
choline
[no description available]		2.4120cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		2.0510tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		2.9140halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		2.4320coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		2.9440monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
bupropion
Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		4.85100aromatic ketone;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
phosphonoacetic acid
Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		3.0810monocarboxylic acid;
phosphonic acids		antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.		2.8940catechols;
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid		human metabolite
aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.		4.0640amino acid zwitterion;
epsilon-amino acid;
omega-amino fatty acid		antifibrinolytic drug;
hematologic agent;
metabolite
fosmidomycin
fosmidomycin: from Streptomyces lavendulae; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in second source. fosmidomycin : Propylphosphonic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a formyl(hydroxy)amino group. An antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lavendulae, it specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267), a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis.		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.267 (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase) inhibitor
creatine
[no description available]		2.0510glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.45202-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		4.1131sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		3.1850aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		3.4270alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		7.4920alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		6.1331carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine
[no description available]		11.6863aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		2.4120elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
hydroquinone
[no description available]		2.0510benzenediol;
hydroquinones		antioxidant;
carcinogenic agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
skin lightening agent
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		210alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		2.0510cyclitol;
hexol
melatonin
[no description available]		2.0810acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
croton oil
[no description available]		2.4620N-acyl-hexosamine
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		2.0510pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		4.0940pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine
3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidine bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position 2.		2.0610N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridine alkaloid;
pyrrolidine alkaloid
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		2.1310monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
nitrous oxide
Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.		16.22019gas molecular entity;
nitrogen oxide		analgesic;
bacterial metabolite;
food packaging gas;
food propellant;
general anaesthetic;
greenhouse gas;
inhalation anaesthetic;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
raising agent;
refrigerant;
vasodilator agent
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		2.0510pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid
4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.		4.3460aminobenzoic acid;
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion		allergen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		2.0510phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenylacetic acid
phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenylacetic acids		allergen;
Aspergillus metabolite;
auxin;
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
toxin
propylene glycol
Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.		2.4320glycol;
propane-1,2-diols		allergen;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
pyrazinamide
pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.		3.8730monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines		antitubercular agent;
prodrug
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.		2.9640methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate		coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		10.46152hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrogallol
benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.		210benzenetriol;
phenolic donor		plant metabolite
taurine
[no description available]		7.6970amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		3.5920primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		2.0510pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		2.4320isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxyflavan
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate
2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.		2.9440non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidNMDA receptor antagonist
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin
8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively		5.45200phenols;
tertiary amino compound;
tetralins		serotonergic antagonist
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.		2.4320non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
bremazocine
[no description available]		2.0610
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist		1.9810
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd without isomeric designation; a serotonin agonist. 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-methylethylamine : An organoiodine compound that is amphetamine bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as an iodo substituent at position 4.		2.4420amphetamines;
dimethoxybenzene;
organoiodine compound
gallopamil
Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.		2.0510benzenes;
organic amino compound
normetanephrine
Normetanephrine: A methylated metabolite of norepinephrine that is excreted in the urine and found in certain tissues. It is a marker for tumors.		2.0410catecholamine
menthol
Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.		7.7530p-menthane monoterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		volatile oil component
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
[no description available]		2.0610catechin
1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide
1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide: RN given refers to parent cp; a 5-HT3 receptor agonist		4.58250biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.		6.01103monochlorobenzenes;
N-arylpiperazine		drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
serotonergic agonist;
xenobiotic
hoe 33342
BXI-72: structure in first source		2.0710bibenzimidazole;
N-methylpiperazine		fluorochrome
2-methyl-5-ht
2-methyl-5-HT: M-receptor agonist		5.79350tryptaminesserotonergic agonist
3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine: An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally.		1.9810benzodioxoles
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.		1.9810amphetamines;
benzodioxoles		neurotoxin
enprofylline
enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.		2.0410oxopurineanti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
4-aminopyridine
[no description available]		2.7430aminopyridine;
aromatic amine		avicide;
orphan drug;
potassium channel blocker
homovanillic acid
Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.		2.6730guaiacols;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenytoin
[no description available]		6.12150imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
5-carboxamidotryptamine
5-carboxamidotryptamine: agonist of 5-HT receptor; structure given in first source		2.730tryptamines
hydroxyindoleacetic acid
(5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.		12.69145indole-3-acetic acidsdrug metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5-methoxytryptamine
5-Methoxytryptamine: Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.. 5-methoxytryptamine : A member of the class of tryptamines that is the methyl ether derivative of serotonin.		3.2460aromatic ether;
primary amino compound;
tryptamines		5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist;
5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor agonist;
5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonist;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
radiation protective agent;
serotonergic agonist
tacrine
Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		8.91120acridines;
aromatic amine		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acebutolol
Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.		4.84100aromatic amide;
ethanolamines;
ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		14.736022acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)		4.2650monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide
Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.		2.0510acetophenones;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
acetohydroxamic acid
acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.8530acetohydroxamic acids;
carbohydroximic acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
alaproclate
alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		8.5220alpha-amino acid ester
albendazole
[no description available]		3.8730aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
albuterol
Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).		4.6380phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alendronate
alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.		3.56201,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
primary amino compound		bone density conservation agent;
EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alfuzosin
alfuzosin: structure given in first source		3.8630monocarboxylic acid amide;
quinazolines;
tetrahydrofuranol		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
alminoprofen
alminoprofen: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. alminoprofen : A substituted aniline that is ibuprofen in which the isobutyl group is replaced by a (2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl)amino group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used for treatment of inflammatory and rheumatic disorders.		2.0610amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
alosetron
alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.		5.07130imidazoles;
pyridoindole		antiemetic;
gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic antagonist
alpha-methylserotonin
alpha-methylserotonin: potent agonist at M & D receptors of serotonin; RN given refers to parent cpd		3.0850tryptaminesserotonergic agonist
alprazolam
Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.		6.78102organochlorine compound;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
alprenolol
Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.		3.6590secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
altretamine
Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.		3.5620triamino-1,3,5-triazine
am 251
AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.		2.1710amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
organoiodine compound;
pyrazoles		antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
CB1 receptor antagonist
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		4.7590adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
ambenonium
ambenonium : A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.		3.2310quaternary ammonium ionEC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ambroxol
Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.		2.0510aromatic amine
amfenac
amfenac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. amfenac : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is benzophenone in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by an amino group and a carboxymethyl group at position 2 and 3, respectively. The corresponding carboxamide, nepafenac, is a prodrug of amfenac and is used for the treatment of pain and inflammation following cataract surgery.		2.0610amino acid;
benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid;
primary amino compound;
substituted aniline		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
diatrizoic acid
Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		3.8730acetamides;
benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
amifostine anhydrous
Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.		5.2231diamine;
organic thiophosphate		antioxidant;
prodrug;
radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide
Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.		2.7430dicarboximide;
piperidones;
substituted aniline		adrenergic agent;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine
pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.		2.0510guanidines;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid
p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.		3.620N-acylglycineDaphnia magna metabolite
theophylline
[no description available]		5.38180dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		5.161401-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
dan 2163
[no description available]		4.5751aromatic amide;
aromatic amine;
benzamides;
pyrrolidines;
sulfone		environmental contaminant;
second generation antipsychotic;
xenobiotic
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		5.9180carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amlexanox
amlexanox: SRA-A antagonist;structure given in first source. amlexanox : A pyridochromene-derived monocarboxylic acid having an amino substituent at the 2-position, an oxo substituent at the 5-position and an isopropyl substituent at the 7-position.		2.4520monocarboxylic acid;
pyridochromene		anti-allergic agent;
anti-ulcer drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
amlodipine
Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.		4.5370dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
amobarbital
Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.		2.4320barbiturates
amoxapine
Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.		3.8530dibenzooxazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
amsacrine
Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.		4.6861acridines;
aromatic ether;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
anastrozole
[no description available]		4.0840nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anethole trithione
Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.		2.0510methoxybenzenes
aniracetam
[no description available]		2.4620N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidin-2-ones
anthralin
Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.		2.4720anthracenesantipsoriatic
antipyrine
Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.		3.5580pyrazoloneantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol
[no description available]		2.0610aporphine alkaloid
apraclonidine
apraclonidine: relieves postoperative intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty; RN given refers to parent cpd. apraclonidine : An imidazoline that is 2-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens has been replaced by a 4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		2.4120dichlorobenzene;
guanidines;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antiglaucoma drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
diagnostic agent;
ophthalmology drug
arcaine
arcaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,4-diguanidinobutane : A guanidine derivative consisting of butane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 4-positions.		2.0410guanidines
arecoline
Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.		7.6730enoate ester;
methyl ester;
pyridine alkaloid;
tetrahydropyridine		metabolite;
muscarinic agonist
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		6.53141benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
astemizole
Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.		3.5580benzimidazoles;
piperidines		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		5.01120ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
azasetron
azasetron: a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source;		5.27121benzoxazine
azathioprine
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.		4.4160aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
azelaic acid
nonanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups.		2.4220alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
plant metabolite
azelastine
azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.4320monochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
azosemide
azosemide : A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide which is substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by chlorine, (2-thienylmethyl)amino and 1H-tetrazol-5-yl groups, respectively. It is a diuretic that has been used in the management of oedema and hypertension.		2.0510monochlorobenzenes;
sulfonamide;
tetrazoles;
thiophenes		loop diuretic
aztreonam
Aztreonam: A monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms.. aztreonam : A synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic (monobactam), used primarily to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, thereby blocking peptidoglycan crosslinking.		6.9810
baclofen
[no description available]		13.74160amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant
barbital
5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).		2.0510barbituratesdrug allergen
bendazac
bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.		3.5920indazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger
bendroflumethiazide
Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.		3.2310benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
benzbromarone
Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.		4.27501-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone		uricosuric drug
benzocaine
Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.		2.0810benzoate ester;
substituted aniline		allergen;
antipruritic drug;
sensitiser;
topical anaesthetic
benzyl benzoate
benzyl benzoate: structure; acarosan, a moist powder composed of wetted cellulose and benzyl benzoate, is used on carpets as an acaricide. benzyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia.		2.0110benzoate ester;
benzyl ester		acaricide;
plant metabolite;
scabicide
bepridil
Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.		3.2860pyrrolidines;
tertiary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
berberine
[no description available]		2.4720alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
betahistine
Betahistine: A histamine analog and H1 receptor agonist that serves as a vasodilator. It is used in MENIERE DISEASE and in vascular headaches but may exacerbate bronchial asthma and peptic ulcers.. betahistine : An aminoalkylpyridine that is pyridine substituted by a 2-(methylamino)ethyl group at position 2. It acts as a histamine agonist and a vasodilator, and is thought to improve the microcirculation of the labyrinth, resulting in reduced endolymphatic pressure. It is used (generally as the hydrochloride or mesylate salt) to reduce the symptoms of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss associated with Meniere's disease.		3.5111aminoalkylpyridine;
secondary amino compound		H1-receptor agonist;
vasodilator agent
betaxolol
[no description available]		4.3960propanolamineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bethanechol
Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.		3.2310carbamate ester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscarinic agonist
bevantolol
bevantolol: structure given in first source. bevantolol : A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.4220propanolamineanti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
calcium channel blocker
bicalutamide
bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.		4.0840(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502
bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.		2.4720biphenyls;
imidazoles
biperiden
Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.		5.6151piperidines;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to sarin poisoning;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
bisacodyl
Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)		3.6120diarylmethane
bisindolylmaleimide i
bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide		2.0610
bisoprolol
Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.		4.3960secondary alcohol;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bithionol
Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.. bithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.		2.0810aryl sulfide;
bridged diphenyl antifungal drug;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
dichlorobenzene;
organochlorine pesticide;
polyphenol		antifungal agrochemical;
antiplatyhelmintic drug
bretylium
bretylium: RN given refers to parent cpd. bretylium : A quaternary ammonium cation having 2-bromobenzyl, ethyl and two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.		210quaternary ammonium ionadrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent
brimonidine
[no description available]		2.0210imidazoles;
quinoxaline derivative;
secondary amine		adrenergic agonist;
alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent
bromazepam
Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.		9.5251organic molecular entity
bromopride
bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.4620benzamides
bromisovalum
Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group.		2.0510N-acylurea;
organobromine compound
bronopol
[no description available]		2.0810nitro compound
brotizolam
brotizolam: structure		2.7230organic molecular entity
buflomedil
buflomedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym LL 1656 refers to HCl; structure		2.4520aromatic ketone
bumetanide
[no description available]		5.01120amino acid;
benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		diuretic;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunazosin
bunazosin: structure		2.0410quinazolines
bupivacaine
Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.		8.71146aromatic amide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
buspirone
Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.		10.77341azaspiro compound;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
piperidones;
pyrimidines		anxiolytic drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
sedative;
serotonergic agonist
busulfan
[no description available]		4.5470methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
insect sterilant;
teratogenic agent
secbutabarbital
secbutabarbital: Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) should be distinguished from Butobarbital		3.2310barbiturates
butalbital
butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.		2.0510barbituratesanalgesic;
sedative
butenafine
butenafine: studied on experimental dermatophytosis. butenafine : Trimethylamine in which hydrogen atoms attached to different methyl groups are substituted by 1-naphthyl and 4-tert-butylphenyl groups. It is an inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, an enzyme responsible for the creation of sterols needed in fungal cell membranes, and is used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of dermatological fungal infections.		2.0210naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		antifungal drug;
EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor
caffeine
[no description available]		5.96190purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		5.59220aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
metrizoate
Metrizoic Acid: A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt.		2.0410monocarboxylic acidradioopaque medium
camostat
camostat : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.		2.0810benzoate ester;
carboxylic ester;
diester;
guanidines;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifibrinolytic drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
serine protease inhibitor
candesartan cilexetil
candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects		2.0510biphenyls
candesartan
candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.		3.8630benzimidazolecarboxylic acid;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		6.13160dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
carbinoxamine
carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.		3.2310monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
carisoprodol
Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.		4.0640carbamate estermuscle relaxant
carmustine
Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.		8.72116N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
carprofen
carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.		2.4720carbazoles;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
photosensitizing agent
carteolol
Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.		2.4120quinolone;
secondary alcohol		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
carvedilol
[no description available]		5.09130carbazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
celecoxib
[no description available]		8.192organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cetirizine
Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.		8.31133ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperazines		anti-allergic agent;
environmental contaminant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
chelerythrine
chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.		2.5120benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
organic cation		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chloral hydrate
[no description available]		2.0510aldehyde hydrate;
ethanediol;
organochlorine compound		general anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
sedative;
xenobiotic
chlorambucil
Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.		4.6580aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
chlorcyclizine
chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness		3.2310diarylmethane
chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.		6.27180benzodiazepine
chlormezanone
Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.		3.85301,3-thiazine;
lactam;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfone		antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
muscle relaxant
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.86100aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.		4.0940benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
chloroxylenol
chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.		2.0510monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
molluscicide
chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.		5.02120monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidepressant;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		8.43233organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.		4.7590monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone
Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.		4.3960isoindoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone
Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		4.27501,3-benzoxazoles;
heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
organochlorine compound		muscle relaxant;
sedative
cifenline
[no description available]		2.9540diarylmethane
ciclopirox
[no description available]		2.7530cyclic hydroxamic acid;
hydroxypyridone antifungal drug;
pyridone		antibacterial agent;
antiseborrheic
ciglitazone
ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.		2.4720aromatic ether;
thiazolidinone		antineoplastic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug
cilostazol
[no description available]		3.6120lactam;
tetrazoles		anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cimetidine
Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.		7.29172aliphatic sulfide;
guanidines;
imidazoles;
nitrile		adjuvant;
analgesic;
anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
cinoxacin
Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.		2.7230cinnolines;
oxacycle;
oxo carboxylic acid		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
ciprofibrate
[no description available]		2.7630cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		5.16140aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
cisapride
Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.		6.25192benzamides
citalopram
Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.		7.892602-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
clebopride
clebopride: antidopaminergic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.4420piperidines
clioquinol
Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.4720monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
organoiodine compound		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
chelator;
copper chelator
clobazam
Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.		2.73301,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clofazimine
Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.		2.9640monochlorobenzenes;
phenazines		dye;
leprostatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate		4.4160aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
clofilium
clofilium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0610benzenes;
organic amino compound
clomiphene
[no description available]		3.8730tertiary amineestrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine
Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		6.32111dibenzoazepineanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam
Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.		5.07701,4-benzodiazepinone;
monochlorobenzenes		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		7.6242clonidine;
imidazoline
4-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide
[no description available]		2.4720sulfonamide
chlorazepate
clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.		4.06401,4-benzodiazepinoneanticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
prodrug
clotiazepam
clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines		2.0510organic molecular entity
clotrimazole
[no description available]		4.5370conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes		antiinfective agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cocaine
[no description available]		2.0610
cromolyn
cromoglycic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer.		210chromones;
dicarboxylic acid		anti-asthmatic drug;
calcium channel blocker
phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide
phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide: cyclic somatostatin octapeptide analog with high affinity & selectivity toward mu opioid receptors		2.0610
cyclandelate
Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.		2.0510carboxylic ester;
secondary alcohol		vasodilator agent
cyclobenzaprine
cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		3.5620carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant;
muscle relaxant;
tranquilizing drug
cyclofenil
Cyclofenil: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.		3.2310organic molecular entity
cyproheptadine
Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.		5.5280piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
danthron
danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.		2.0510dihydroxyanthraquinoneapoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
dantrolene
Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.		7.1110hydrazone;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione		muscle relaxant;
neuroprotective agent;
ryanodine receptor antagonist
dapsone
[no description available]		4.5470substituted aniline;
sulfone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
leprostatic drug
debrisoquin
Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.		6.9810carboxamidine;
isoquinolines		adrenergic agent;
antihypertensive agent;
human metabolite;
sympatholytic agent
deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.		3.5920acyclic desferrioxaminebacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator;
siderophore
desipramine
Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.		5.39180dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam
Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.		2.95401,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
human metabolite;
sedative
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		6.84112primary amine
eflornithine
Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.		2.7430alpha-amino acid;
fluoroamino acid		trypanocidal drug
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		9.244241,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diazoxide
Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.		4.5470benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
diuretic;
K-ATP channel agonist;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasodilator agent
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		8.21183amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source		2.0510benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
dichlorphenamide
Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.		3.2310dichlorobenzene;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
ophthalmology drug
dicyclomine
Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.		6.7461carboxylic ester;
tertiary amine		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		3.2310pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
diflunisal
Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.		4.5270monohydroxybenzoic acid;
organofluorine compound		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dilacor xr
5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate : A lactam that is 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group.		2.0610acetate ester;
aromatic ether;
benzothiazepine;
lactam;
tertiary amino compound
dimercaprol
Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.		3.2310dithiol;
primary alcohol		chelator
diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.		11.383214ether;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
antitussive;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
oneirogen;
sedative
dipivefrin
dipivefrin: used in treatment of both primary & open angle glaucoma; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer. dipivefrin : The dipivalate ester of (+-)-epinephrine (racepinephrine). A pro-drug of epinephrine, the hydrochloride is used topically as eye drops to reduce intra-ocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.		2.0210ethanolamines;
pivalate ester		adrenergic agonist;
antiglaucoma drug;
ophthalmology drug;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		4.2750piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
disopyramide
Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.		5.22150monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram
[no description available]		8.94160organic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		4.86100branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
p-chloroamphetamine
p-Chloroamphetamine: Chlorinated analog of AMPHETAMINE. Potent neurotoxin that causes release and eventually depletion of serotonin in the CNS. It is used as a research tool.		2.3920
thiorphan
Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms.		2.110N-acyl-amino acid
domperidone
Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.		9.8294benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil
Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.		4.350aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
doxapram
Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.		3.8630morpholines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones		central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin
Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.		4.5370aromatic amine;
benzodioxine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
vasodilator agent
doxepin
Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.		4.5370dibenzooxepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
doxylamine
Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.		10.58142pyridines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antitussive;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
sedative
droperidol
Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.		18.9914892aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound		anaesthesia adjuvant;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
dsp 4
DSP 4: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.520
dyphylline
Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.		3.8630oxopurine;
propane-1,2-diols		bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
e 4031
E 4031: class III anti-arrhythmia agent; structure given in UD		2.9540sulfonamide
ebastine
[no description available]		2.7430organic molecular entity
ebselen
ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.		210benzoselenazoleanti-inflammatory drug;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor;
enzyme mimic;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
genotoxin;
hepatoprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
econazole
Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.		2.7230dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
edrophonium
Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		3.2310phenols;
quaternary ammonium ion		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
enflurane
Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.		2.4420ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		anaesthetic
enoxacin
Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.		2.96401,8-naphthyridine derivative;
amino acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
epinastine
epinastine: RN given refers parent cpd. epinastine : A benzazepine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine in which the azepine ring is fused to the e side of 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine.		2.9540benzazepine;
guanidines		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
ophthalmology drug
estazolam
Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.		3.8530triazoles;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		4.0840aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
ether
Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.		2.3920ether;
volatile organic compound		inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
ethosuximide
Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.		3.8430dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone		anticonvulsant;
geroprotector;
T-type calcium channel blocker
ethotoin
ethotoin: was heading 1966-94 (see under HYDANTOINS 1966-90); use HYDANTOINS to search ETHOTOIN 1966-94. ethotoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.		3.2310imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
ethoxzolamide
Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.		2.0510aromatic ether;
benzothiazoles;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
etidronate
Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.		3.56201,1-bis(phosphonic acid)antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
etilefrine
Etilefrine: A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.		2.7230phenols
etizolam
etizolam: structure given in first source		2.0510organic molecular entity
etodolac
Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.		4.3860monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
brl 42810
[no description available]		4.26502-aminopurines;
acetate ester		antiviral drug;
prodrug
famotidine
Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.		3.15101,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
felbamate
Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.		4.2550carbamate esteranticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent
4-biphenylylacetic acid
biphenyl-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is substituted by a biphenyl-4-yl group. An active metabolite of fenbufen, it is used as a topical medicine to treat muscle inflammation and arthritis.		2.0810biphenyls;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
felodipine
Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.		4.94110dichlorobenzene;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
fendiline
Fendiline: Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.		2.0710diarylmethane
fenfluramine
Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.		5.3272(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
secondary amino compound		appetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
fenofibrate
Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE		4.4260aromatic ether;
chlorobenzophenone;
isopropyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
fenoldopam
Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.		3.2310benzazepinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
dopamine agonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
fenoprofen
Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.		3.8630monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
berotek
Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.		2.7230resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
fenspiride
fenspiride: was heading 1975-94 (see under SPIRO COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SPIRO COMPOUNDS to search FENSPIRIDE 1975-94; bronchodilator agent used in asthma		2.4520azaspiro compound
fentanyl
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		15.415636anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
fexofenadine
fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.		4.5570piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
fipexide
fipexide: regulates dopaminergic systems at macromolecular level		3.2310benzodioxoles
flavoxate
Flavoxate: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.. flavoxate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol.		3.2310carboxylic ester;
flavones;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
flecainide
Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		4.93110aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug
fleroxacin
Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.		2.9740difluorobenzene;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
quinolines		antibacterial drug;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole
Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.		5.15140conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flucytosine
Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.		4.6480aminopyrimidine;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine antifungal drug;
pyrimidone		prodrug
flufenamic acid
Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.		2.0510aromatic amino acid;
organofluorine compound		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine
[no description available]		4.2150N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.		5.46200ethyl ester;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
organofluorine compound		antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning;
GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam
Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.		4.04501,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound;
monofluorobenzenes		anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
fluorescite
fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.		4.0840benzoic acids;
cyclic ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
phenols;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		10.833616nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
fluoxetine
Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.		8.85342(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
fluphenazine depot
fluphenazine decanoate : The prodrug of fluphenazine, an antipsychotic drug used for the symptomatic management of psychosis in patients with schizophrenia.		2.0210decanoate ester;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
prodrug
fluphenazine enanthate
[no description available]		2.0210phenothiazines
flurazepam
Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.		3.23101,4-benzodiazepinone;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.		8.6683fluorobiphenyl;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
flutamide
Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.		4.6580(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
fomepizole
Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.		3.5920pyrazolesantidote;
EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
protective agent
foscarnet
Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		4.8960carboxylic acid;
one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furafylline
[no description available]		2.0710oxopurine
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		6.83191chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
gabapentin
Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.		11.89236gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
gabexate
Gabexate: A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin.		2.0810benzoate ester
gaboxadol
gaboxadol: GABA agonist; inhibitor of GABA uptake systems; structure		3.110oxazole
gemfibrozil
[no description available]		4.7590aromatic etherantilipemic drug
glafenine
Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.		3.5920aminoquinoline;
carboxylic ester;
glycol;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide
Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.		2.7630N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
radical scavenger
glimepiride
glimepiride: structure given in first source		4.4160sulfonamide
glipizide
Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		4.85100aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-sulfonylurea;
pyrazines		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
glutethimide
Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.		2.0510piperidines
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		5.34170monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (1,1-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-iumyl) ester
[no description available]		3.2310benzenes
gossypol
Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.		2.0510
granisetron
[no description available]		5.71260aromatic amide;
indazoles
guaiazulene
guaiazulene: structure		2.0510sesquiterpene
guaifenesin
Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.		3.5520methoxybenzenes
guanethidine
Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.		3.6120azocanes;
guanidines		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
sympatholytic agent
guanfacine
Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.		4.4160acetamides
guanidine
Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.		3.5420carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound
fasudil
fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.		2.0510isoquinolines;
N-sulfonyldiazepane		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
nootropic agent;
vasodilator agent
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		13.185314aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
halothane
[no description available]		6.5596haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic
hexachlorophene
Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.		2.0510bridged diphenyl fungicide;
polyphenol;
trichlorobenzene		acaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
miltefosine
miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.		2.0510phosphocholines;
phospholipid		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
apoptosis inducer;
immunomodulator;
protein kinase inhibitor
hexamethonium
Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.		4.2170quaternary ammonium salt
hexestrol
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
hexetidine
Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)		2.0510organic heteromonocyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexobarbital
Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.		2.7230barbiturates
hydralazine
Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		4.2450azaarene;
hydrazines;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
phthalazines		antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.7590benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide
Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.		4.0840benzothiadiazine;
thiazide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.		3.5820aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		4.4160one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.		5.0850hydroxyether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antipruritic drug;
anxiolytic drug;
dermatologic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
hypericin
[no description available]		2.0410
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		7.24171monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
phenelzine
Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.		3.8530primary amine
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		10.85297benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
alverine
alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.		2.0510tertiary amineantispasmodic drug
idebenone
[no description available]		2.46201,4-benzoquinones;
primary alcohol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor
ifenprodil
ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist		2.0610piperidines
ifosfamide
[no description available]		12.62134ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		5.62230dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone
Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.		4.7590bipyridinesEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide
Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.		4.2650indoles;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		5.68240aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
iodixanol
iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.		2.0210organoiodine compoundradioopaque medium
iohexol
Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.		2.9640benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iopromide
iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.		2.4320dicarboxylic acid diamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
nephrotoxic agent;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iothalamic acid
Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.		2.0410organic molecular entity
iodipamide
Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.		2.0510benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound;
secondary carboxamide		radioopaque medium
ioversol
[no description available]		3.5620amidobenzoic acid
iproniazid
[no description available]		4.0940carbohydrazide;
pyridines
avapro
Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.		4.5570azaspiro compound;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.		1.99103-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isocarboxazid
Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)		3.2310benzenes
isoflurane
Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.		7.641710organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
isoguvacine
isoguvacine: A GABA agonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0310tetrahydropyridine
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		4.7690carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
4-piperidinecarboxylic acid
4-piperidinecarboxylic acid: structure in first source		3.110
2-propanol
2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.		12.131811secondary alcohol;
secondary fatty alcohol		protic solvent
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		4.0640catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine
Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.		3.5920alkylbenzene
isradipine
Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.		4.5370benzoxadiazole;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester
itraconazole
[no description available]		4.7690piperazines
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		9.51235cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketanserin
Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.		12.26500aromatic ketone;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		5.22150dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		7.31121benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ketorolac
Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.		8.88184amino acid;
aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrrolizines;
racemate		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
khellin
Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.		2.0510furanochromone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle		anti-asthmatic agent;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
kynurenic acid
Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.		2.4620monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		G-protein-coupled receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
labetalol
Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.		4.7590benzamides;
benzenes;
phenols;
primary carboxamide;
salicylamides;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
lamotrigine
[no description available]		5.531201,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine		anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic
lansoprazole
Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.		5.02120benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
beta-lapachone
beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.		2.0510benzochromenone;
orthoquinones		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
lauric acid
dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.		7.0210medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antibacterial agent;
plant metabolite
leflunomide
Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.		4.0740(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole
[no description available]		4.0840nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lidoflazine
Lidoflazine: Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic action.		2.4420diarylmethane
lofepramine
Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.		2.7330aromatic ketone;
dibenzoazepine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
lomefloxacin
lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.		3.8530fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
lomustine
[no description available]		3.8730N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
loperamide
Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		5.6790monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine
Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.		5.03120benzocycloheptapyridine;
ethyl ester;
N-acylpiperidine;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist
lorazepam
Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.		10.422914benzodiazepine
lorglumide
lorglumide: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer. lorglumide : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-lorglumide.. N(2)-(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-N,N-dipentyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl)glutamic acid with the amino group of dipentylamine.		2.0210benzamides;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
dichlorobenzene;
glutamic acid derivative
losartan
Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position		4.4160biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
loxapine
Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.		3.5620dibenzooxazepineantipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
loxoprofen
loxoprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source. loxoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl group. A prodrug that is rapidly converted into its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration.		2.0610cyclopentanones;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
ly 278584
LY 278584: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.9240aromatic amide;
indazoles
mabuterol
mabuterol: structure given in first source		210(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
malathion
Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.		2.0510diester;
ethyl ester;
organic thiophosphate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source		2.0510isopropyl ester
maprotiline
Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.		4.5270anthracenes
mazindol
Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.		2.0510organic molecular entity
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		4.6480aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mecamylamine
Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.		5.5580primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine
nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.		3.2310nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent
meclizine
Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.		11.8762diarylmethane
meclofenamic acid
Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		3.5620aminobenzoic acid;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenoxate
Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid
mefenamic acid
Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.2450aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
mefloquine hydrochloride
[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4.		3.1350organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinolines;
secondary alcohol
memantine
[no description available]		4.9940adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3
Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.		2.05101,4-naphthoquinones;
vitamin K		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
nutraceutical
mepenzolate
mepenzolic acid: anticholinergic, antispasmodic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.2310diarylmethane
meperidine
Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.		8.15134ethyl ester;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
mephenytoin
Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.		3.8730imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
mepivacaine
Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.		4.0840piperidinecarboxamidedrug allergen;
local anaesthetic
meprobamate
Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)		3.8630organic molecular entity
mesalamine
Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.		4.2450amino acid;
aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
phenols		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mesoridazine
Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.		4.2450phenothiazines;
sulfoxide;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
metaproterenol
Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.		4.0640aralkylamino compound;
phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		11.49131guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methadone
Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.		6.47131benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene
Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.		2.0410ethylenediamine derivativeanti-allergic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative
methazolamide
Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.		3.2310sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles
methiothepin
Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively).		3.0950aryl sulfide;
dibenzothiepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
tertiary amino compound		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
methocarbamol
Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.		3.6620aromatic ether;
carbamate ester;
secondary alcohol
methoxsalen
Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.		3.8730aromatic ether;
psoralens		antineoplastic agent;
cross-linking reagent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
methoxyflurane
Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.		2.0510ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		hepatotoxic agent;
inhalation anaesthetic;
nephrotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic
methyclothiazide
Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)		3.2310benzothiadiazine
methyl salicylate
methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.		2.0510benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
salicylates		flavouring agent;
insect attractant;
metabolite
methylphenidate
Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.		4.0840beta-amino acid ester;
methyl ester;
piperidines
methyprylon
methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94		2.0510organic molecular entity
metoclopramide
Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.		20.96268137benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
gastrointestinal drug;
xenobiotic
metolazone
Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.		4.2650organochlorine compound;
quinazolines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		5.29160aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		4.86100C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
metyrapone
Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.		3.8630aromatic ketoneantimetabolite;
diagnostic agent;
EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine
Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.		4.5370aromatic ether;
primary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin
Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.		8.89120dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine agonist;
sedative;
serotonergic antagonist
miconazole
Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		2.4420dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		12.253916imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
midodrine
Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.		3.5620amino acid amide;
aromatic ether;
secondary alcohol		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
milrinone
[no description available]		9.2250bipyridines;
nitrile;
pyridone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
minoxidil
Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.		4.4160dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine
Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.		8141benzazepine;
tetracyclic antidepressant		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
oneirogen;
serotonergic antagonist
mitotane
Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.		3.5920diarylmethane
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		4.6780dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
moclobemide
Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.		3.5580benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
morpholines		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
modafinil
Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.		5.2760monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfoxide
molsidomine
Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.		3.3711ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
moxisylyte
Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)		3.5920monoterpenoid
muscimol
Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.		3.8130alkaloid;
isoxazoles;
primary amino compound		fungal metabolite;
GABA agonist;
oneirogen;
psychotropic drug
deet
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.		2.0510benzamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide		environmental contaminant;
insect repellent;
xenobiotic
1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine
1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine: acts as serotonin agonist; structure. 1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group at position 1. A serotonergic agonist used as a recreational drug.		2.6830(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
N-arylpiperazine		environmental contaminant;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic agonist;
xenobiotic
acecainide
Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.		2.9740acetamides;
benzamides		anti-arrhythmia drug
fg 7142
FG 7142: benzodiazepine receptor agonist		1.9810beta-carbolines
apnea
Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.		2.6830purine nucleoside
nabumetone
Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		4.0540methoxynaphthalene;
methyl ketone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
nadolol
[no description available]		3.8730tetralins
nalidixic acid
[no description available]		3.87301,8-naphthyridine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
nan 190
1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-(2-phthalimido)butyl)piperazine: RN from Toxlit. NAN 190 : An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of (2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine in which the amine hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(2-phthalimido)butyl group.		2.420N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
phthalimides		serotonergic antagonist
naratriptan
naratriptan: structure given in first source		4.0840heteroarylpiperidine;
sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone
nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct		5.45110aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazoles		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam
Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.		11.8471benzoxazocine;
tertiary amino compound
neostigmine
Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		5.4351quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		4.7590cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide
Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.		3.5920organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
nicardipine
Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.		4.85100benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound
niceritrol
Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.		2.0510organic molecular entity
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		5.48200C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
nifekalant
[no description available]		2.0810amine
niflumic acid
Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.		2.0510aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
nilutamide
[no description available]		3.8530(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
imidazolidinone		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
nilvadipine
[no description available]		210dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester;
nitrile
nimesulide
nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.		3.8730aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		4.65802-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nisoldipine
Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.		4.6580C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
nitrazepam
Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).		3.3601,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound		anticonvulsant;
antispasmodic drug;
drug metabolite;
GABA modulator;
sedative
nitrendipine
Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.		3.83110C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.		4.0440nitroglycerolexplosive;
muscle relaxant;
nitric oxide donor;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
nizatidine
[no description available]		4.53701,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound;
carboxamidine;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
cholinergic drug;
H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine
Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.		4.0440isoquinolinesdopamine uptake inhibitor
masoprocol
nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)		2.4420catechols;
lignan;
tetrol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite
norfloxacin
Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.		4.460fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
norfluoxetine
norfluoxetine: metabolite of fluoxetine; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0610(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
nortriptyline
Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.		4.6580organic tricyclic compound;
secondary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		5.591303-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.		5.01120aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
orphenadrine
Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.		4.460ether;
tertiary amino compound		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
oxonic acid
Oxonic Acid: Antagonist of urate oxidase.		2.01101,3,5-triazines;
monocarboxylic acid
oxamniquine
Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.		2.0510aromatic primary alcohol;
C-nitro compound;
quinolines;
secondary amino compound
oxaprozin
Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.52701,3-oxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxatomide
oxatomide: structure; an anti-allergic & an anti-asthmatic. oxatomide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug.		2.0510benzimidazoles;
diarylmethane;
N-alkylpiperazine		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
oxazepam
Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.		9.851001,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
oxethazaine
[no description available]		2.0510amino acid amide
oxidopamine
Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).		340benzenetriol;
catecholamine;
primary amino compound		drug metabolite;
human metabolite;
neurotoxin
oxiracetam
oxiracetam: structure in first source		2.4520organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
oxotremorine
Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.		1.9910N-alkylpyrrolidine
oxprenolol
Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.		3.2860aromatic ether
oxybenzone
oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.		2.0510hydroxybenzophenone;
monomethoxybenzene		dermatologic drug;
environmental contaminant;
protective agent;
ultraviolet filter;
xenobiotic
oxybutynin
oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		4.6780acetylenic compound;
carboxylic ester;
racemate;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
parasympatholytic
oxyphenbutazone
Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		2.4320phenols;
pyrazolidines		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
drug metabolite;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid
Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.		3.5920aminobenzoic acid;
phenols		antitubercular agent
fenclonine
Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.		3.5380phenylalanine derivative
4-(2'-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2'-(n-(2''-pyridinyl)-4-iodobenzamido)ethyl)piperazine
4-(2'-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2'-(N-(2''-pyridinyl)-4-iodobenzamido)ethyl)piperazine: a 5-HT(1A) ligand; structure in first source		2.0510
pamidronate
[no description available]		4.0640phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole
Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.		10.9471aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
papaverine
Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.		4.5570benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines		antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
pargyline
Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.		2.0710aromatic amine
pemoline
Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.		4.08401,3-oxazolescentral nervous system stimulant
pentamidine
Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.		4.4160aromatic ether;
carboxamidine;
diether		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
calmodulin antagonist;
chemokine receptor 5 antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug;
xenobiotic
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		4.3760barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline
[no description available]		6.0481oxopurine
perazine
Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.		2.0510N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
perhexiline
Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.		4.0640piperidinescardiovascular drug
perphenazine
Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		7.56124N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacetin
Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione		3.5680acetamides;
aromatic ether		cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenazopyridine
Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.0110diaminopyridine;
monoazo compound		anticoronaviral agent;
carcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		7.46141barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
phenolphthalein
Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.		2.4320phenols
phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.		3.8630aromatic amine
phentermine
Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.		3.2310primary amineadrenergic agent;
appetite depressant;
central nervous system drug;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopaminergic agent;
sympathomimetic agent
4-phenylbutyric acid
4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.		3.2310monocarboxylic acidantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug
phenyl biguanide
phenyl biguanide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenyl biguanide : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a phenyl group.		3.690guanidinescentral nervous system drug
phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.		2.9440pyrazolidinesantirheumatic drug;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
moxonidine
moxonidine: structure given in first source		2.9740organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
pilsicainide
pilsicainide: structure given in first source. pilsicainide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline with the carboxy group of (tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-7a(5H)-yl)acetic acid. It is a sodium channel blocker which is used as an antiarrhythmic drug for the management of atrial tachyarrhythmias in Japan.		2.4720organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
sodium channel blocker
pimobendan
pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source		2.0410benzimidazoles;
pyridazinone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
pinacidil
Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)		2.0510pyridines
pindolol
Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.		5.15140indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		9.2850aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
pipamperone
pipamperone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pipamperone : A member of the class of bipiperidines that is 1,4'-bipiperidine which is substituted at the 1' and 4' positions by 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl and carboxamide groups, respectively. A first generation antipsychotic, its properties are generally similar to those of haloperidol.		2.1710aromatic ketone;
bipiperidines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
pipemidic acid
Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.		2.0510amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridopyrimidine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
piperazine
[no description available]		2.0510azacycloalkane;
piperazines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		anthelminthic drug
piperidine-4-sulfonic acid
piperidine-4-sulfonic acid: specific GABA agonist		3.110
piracetam
Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.		2.0810organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
pirbuterol
pirbuterol: structure		2.4420pyridines
pirenperone
[no description available]		210aromatic ketone
pirenzepine
Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.		3.8540pyridobenzodiazepineanti-ulcer drug;
antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
piretanide
piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure		2.0410aromatic ether
piribedil
Piribedil: A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist.		2.0810N-arylpiperazine
polythiazide
[no description available]		3.2310benzothiadiazine
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.		3.3110inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
4-aminobenzoic acid
para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.		4.1850aminobenzoate;
aromatic amino-acid anion		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid
pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid: a novel antagonist that selectively blocks P2 purinoceptor receptors; a useful tool to study co-transmission in tissues when ATP and coexisting neurotransmitters act in concert. 5'-phosphopyridoxal-6-azobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate carrying an additional 2,4-disulfophenylazo substituent at position 6.		2.7330arenesulfonic acid;
azobenzenes;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
organic phosphate;
pyridinecarbaldehyde		purinergic receptor P2X antagonist
practolol
Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		2.7530acetamides;
ethanolamines;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
duodote
duodote: consists of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; for treating those exposed to organophosphorus-containing nerve agents		3.2310pyridinium ionantidote to organophosphate poisoning;
antidote to sarin poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
ono 1078
pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		2.0810chromones
pyranoprofen
pyranoprofen: RN given refers to unlabled parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.4820pyridochromene
prazepam
Prazepam: A benzodiazepine that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.		2.0210benzodiazepine
praziquantel
azinox: Russian drug		4.2650isoquinolines
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		10.61230aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
prilocaine
Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		2.0410amino acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide		anticonvulsant;
local anaesthetic
primaquine
Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.		4.460aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
N-substituted diamine		antimalarial
primidone
Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.		4.3960pyrimidoneanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		4.85100benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
probucol
Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.		2.4320dithioketal;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug
procainamide
Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		5.02120benzamidesanti-arrhythmia drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker
procaine
Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.		210benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine
Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		3.8530benzamides;
hydrazines		antineoplastic agent
prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.		13.634213N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antiemetic;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine
Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.		4.2550pyrrolidines;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist
proglumide
Proglumide: A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.. proglumide : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs.. N(2)-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-benzoylglutamic acid with dippropylamine.		2.0210benzamides;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
glutamine derivative;
racemate		anti-ulcer drug;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
cholinergic antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
drug metabolite;
gastrointestinal drug;
opioid analgesic;
xenobiotic metabolite
promazine
Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.		2.7230phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
promethazine
Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.		14.994412phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
propafenone
Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		4.3960aromatic ketone;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
propantheline
Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.		3.5920xanthenes
propiverine
propiverine: anticholinergic used for overactive bladder syndrome		2.0510diarylmethane
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		16.347045phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		11.96221naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
protriptyline
Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.		3.8230carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant
pyridinolcarbamate
Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408)		2.0510pyridines
pyridostigmine
[no description available]		3.8630pyridinium ion
pyrilamine
Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.		1.9810aromatic ether;
ethylenediamine derivative		H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine
Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds		4.0640aminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
sch 16134
quazepam: structure given in first source		3.8530benzodiazepine
quetiapine
[no description available]		3.8730dibenzothiazepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
quipazine
Quipazine: A pharmacologic congener of serotonin that contracts smooth muscle and has actions similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants. It has been proposed as an oxytocic.		3.93130piperazines;
pyridines
qx-222
QX-222: amphipathic amine; RN given refers to ion; structure		2.0410amino acid amide
rabeprazole
Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.		3.8630benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
raloxifene
raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.		3.54201-benzothiophenes;
aromatic ketone;
N-oxyethylpiperidine;
phenols		bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
ranitidine
[no description available]		3.91120aralkylamine
opc 12759
rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase		2.0510secondary carboxamide
riluzole
Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.		4.5270benzothiazoles
rimantadine
Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.		3.8530alkylamine
risperidone
Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.		8.591911,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
ritanserin
Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.		6.21170organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
thiazolopyrimidine		antidepressant;
antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan
rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate		3.8630tryptaminesanti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
rofecoxib
[no description available]		9.3641butenolide;
sulfone		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rolipram
[no description available]		210pyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
ropinirole
[no description available]		3.5920indolones;
tertiary amine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
dopamine agonist
saccharin
Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.		3.64901,2-benzisothiazole;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
salicylamide
salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source		2.0510phenols;
salicylamides		antirheumatic drug;
non-narcotic analgesic
salmeterol xinafoate
salmeterol : A racemate consisting of equal parts of (R)- and (S)-salmeterol. It is a potent and selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50 = 5.3 nM). Unlike other beta2 agonists, it binds to the exo-site domain of beta2 receptors, producing a slow onset of action and prolonged activation.. 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A phenol having a hydroxymethyl group at C-2 and a 1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl group at C-4; derivative of phenylethanolamine.		2.0210ether;
phenols;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
sanguinarine
benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.		2.0710alkaloid antibiotic;
benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent
salicylsalicylic acid
salicylsalicylic acid: structure. salsalate : A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.		3.2310benzoate ester;
benzoic acids;
phenols;
salicylates		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
sdz 205-557
[no description available]		4.1850methoxybenzoic acid
secobarbital
Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.		3.2310barbituratesanaesthesia adjuvant;
GABA modulator;
sedative
sevoflurane
Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.		7.13128ether;
organofluorine compound		central nervous system depressant;
inhalation anaesthetic;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine
sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride		3.8630organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-obesity agent;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine
Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.		4.7590pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
coccidiostat;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
risedronic acid
Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.		3.8630pyridines
sotalol
Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		5.02120ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
sulfonamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt
sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.		2.0510organic sodium saltEC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
orphan drug;
prodrug
spiperone
Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.		3.1150aromatic ketone;
azaspiro compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
stearic acid
octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.		2.1110long-chain fatty acid;
saturated fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
imatinib
[no description available]		4.2750aromatic amine;
benzamides;
N-methylpiperazine;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vorinostat
Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).		4.0840dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylcholine
Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.		6.1931quaternary ammonium ion;
succinate ester		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
sulconazole
sulconazole: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure given in first source. sulconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sulconazole. An antifungal agent with activity against Candida species, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-[(4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}-1H-imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a (4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanediyl group while a second is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group.		2.4220dichlorobenzene;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
organic sulfide
sulfacetamide
Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.		2.0810N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
substituted aniline		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.		2.0510aromatic ether;
pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfamerazine
[no description available]		2.0510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen
sulfameter
Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
leprostatic drug;
renal agent
sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ligand;
xenobiotic
sulfamethizole
Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.		3.5920sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		3.360isoxazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
epitope;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
sulfanilamide
[no description available]		2.0510substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfanitran
[no description available]		2.0810sulfonamide
sulfaphenazole
Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.		2.7330primary amino compound;
pyrazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
sulfapyridine
Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0510pyridines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
dermatologic drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		5.02120
sulfathiazole
Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		3.23101,3-thiazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone
Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.		3.1350pyrazolidines;
sulfoxide		uricosuric drug
sulfisoxazole
Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		3.1450isoxazoles;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol
[no description available]		3.5920alkylbenzene
sulpiride
Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.		5.14101benzamides;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfonamide		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
sultopride
[no description available]		2.0510salicylamides
sumatriptan
Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.		6.03210sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen
Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.		2.9640aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antirheumatic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		2.7430naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
talipexole
talipexole: dopamine receptor agonist; structure given in first source		2.0510azepine
gatifloxacin
Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.		3.5580N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tazarotene
tazarotene: a topical acetylenic retinoid; a topical kerytolytic. tazarotene : The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin.		2.4520acetylenic compound;
ethyl ester;
pyridines;
retinoid;
thiochromane		keratolytic drug;
prodrug;
teratogenic agent
tegafur
[no description available]		2.4420organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
temazepam
Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.		10.6151benzodiazepine
temozolomide
[no description available]		7.5682imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
terazosin
Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia		4.84100furans;
piperazines;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
terbutaline
Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		4.85100phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
terfenadine
Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.		3.75100diarylmethane
tetracaine
Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.		2.7230benzoate ester;
tertiary amino compound		local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium
Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)		2.9640quaternary ammonium ion
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		4.2650phthalimides;
piperidones
thiabendazole
Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate		3.87301,3-thiazoles;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug
thioridazine
Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.		4.84100phenothiazines;
piperidines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa
Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).		4.4160aziridines
tiapride
[no description available]		2.0810benzamides
tiaprofenic acid
tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.		2.4620aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		drug allergen;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		4.0740monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tilorone
Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.		2.4720aromatic ether;
diether;
fluoren-9-ones;
tertiary amino compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
interferon inducer;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
tinidazole
Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.		4.2650imidazolesantiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
tioconazole
tioconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tioconazole.. 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that comprises 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethylimidazole carrying an additional (2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy substituent at position 2.		2.0210dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
thiophenes
tiopronin
Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.		3.8530N-acyl-amino acid
tizanidine
tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.		4.7590benzothiadiazole;
imidazoles		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
muscle relaxant
nikethamide
Nikethamide: A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229)		2.0810pyridinecarboxamide
tolazamide
Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		3.8430N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
potassium channel blocker
tolbutamide
Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.		5.01120N-sulfonylureahuman metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
potassium channel blocker
tolmetin
Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.		6.362aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrroles		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolnaftate
[no description available]		2.0810monothiocarbamic esterantifungal drug
tolperisone
Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)		2.0510aromatic ketone
ultram
2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.		4.7590aromatic ether;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid
Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.		10.9571amino acid
trapidil
Trapidil: A coronary vasodilator agent.		2.0510triazolopyrimidines
trazodone
Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.		5.2590monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazolopyridine		adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
triamterene
Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.		4.3960pteridinesdiuretic;
sodium channel blocker
triazolam
Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.		4.6380triazolobenzodiazepinesedative
triclosan
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
fungicide;
persistent organic pollutant;
xenobiotic
trientine
Trientine: An ethylenediamine derivative used as stabilizer for EPOXY RESINS, as ampholyte for ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING and as chelating agent for copper in HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION.. TETA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a fouteen-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.. 2,2,2-tetramine : A polyazaalkane that is decane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogens.		2.0210polyazaalkane;
tetramine		copper chelator
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		3.5620N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
triflupromazine
Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.		2.4320organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
trihexyphenidyl
Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.		3.5820amine
trimethadione
Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.		3.8530oxazolidinoneanticonvulsant;
geroprotector
trimethobenzamide
trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.		3.2310benzamides;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		5.28160aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trimetrexate
Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.		3.8430
trimipramine
Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.		4.2550dibenzoazepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
tripelennamine
Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.		2.0110aromatic amine
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.		4.4160chromanes;
thiazolidinone		anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
ics 205-930
[no description available]		2.0210indolyl carboxylic acid
thenoyltrifluoroacetone
Thenoyltrifluoroacetone: Chelating agent and inhibitor of cellular respiration.		2.0810
tyramine
[no description available]		3.2310monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
delavirdine
Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		3.5520aminopyridine;
indolecarboxamide;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
undecylenic acid
undecylenic acid: a fatty acid with a terminal double bond. 10-undecenoic acid : An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 10-position. It is derived from castor oil and is used for the treatment of skin problems.. undecenoic acid : A C11, straight-chain fatty acid carrying a C=C double bond at any position.		2.0810undecenoic acidantifungal drug;
plant metabolite
urapidil
[no description available]		3.360piperazines
urethane
[no description available]		210carbamate esterfungal metabolite;
mutagen
venlafaxine
venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.		4.85100cyclohexanols;
monomethoxybenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
xenobiotic
vesnarinone
[no description available]		2.9640organic molecular entity
vigabatrin
[no description available]		4.2750gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
viloxazine
Viloxazine: A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.		2.4520aromatic ether
pirinixic acid
pirinixic acid: structure		2.4720aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrimidines
ici 204,219
zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		4.2650carbamate ester;
indoles;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		anti-asthmatic agent;
leukotriene antagonist
zaleplon
zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.		4.0840nitrile;
pyrazolopyrimidine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
central nervous system depressant;
sedative
cn 100
CN 100: structure given in first source		2.0610organic molecular entity
zolpidem
Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.		4.460imidazopyridinecentral nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
sedative
zomepirac
zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0210aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrroles		cardiovascular drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zonisamide
Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.		4.28501,2-benzoxazoles;
sulfonamide		anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
central nervous system drug;
protective agent;
T-type calcium channel blocker
zopiclone
zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.		2.9740monochloropyridine;
pyrrolopyrazine		central nervous system depressant;
sedative
guanidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510one-carbon compound;
organic chloride salt		protein denaturant
hydrocortisone acetate
hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510cortisol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cortisone acetate
Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.		3.5920corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		6.6763mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
corticosterone
[no description available]		3.175011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		13.7618211beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
estriol
hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.		2.051016alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		estrogen;
human metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.		2.6730ergoline alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		dopamine agonist;
hallucinogen;
serotonergic agonist
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		5.2790alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
cephaloridine
Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.		2.4520beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
phentolamine
Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.		4.0540imidazoles;
phenols;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		3.5920glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
thymidine
[no description available]		1.9910pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		2.4420nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide
[no description available]		2.0510benzodioxolespesticide synergist
benzimidazole
1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.		2.0110benzimidazole;
polycyclic heteroarene
bromouracil
Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.		2.0510nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidines		mutagen
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid
tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.		2.0510
histamine dihydrochloride
Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.		2.0510
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		4.27502-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.		6.1911-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		3.2860ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
norethindrone acetate
norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.		2.05103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		4.65803-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cyclobarbital
cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative		2.0510barbiturates
aldosterone
[no description available]		8.371111beta-hydroxy steroid;
18-oxo steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid aldehyde		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
allobarbital
allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects		2.0510barbiturates
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		4.0840non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
trichlorfon
Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0510organic phosphonate;
organochlorine compound;
phosphonic ester		agrochemical;
anthelminthic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
cysteine
[no description available]		3.2310cysteine zwitterion;
cysteine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		12.2311311-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		3.592017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
oxandrolone
Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.		3.592017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
oxa-steroid		anabolic agent;
androgen
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.		2.051017-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
nad
[no description available]		2.0510NADgeroprotector
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		4.4260penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
pilocarpine
Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.		4.2250pilocarpineantiglaucoma drug
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide
Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.		1.9810N-arylpiperazine;
organic iodide salt;
piperazinium salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.		3.2860organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		4.35302-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
biguanides
Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.		4.85330guanidines
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		2.4720chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		2.7330alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		4.94110C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		2.9940aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		3.5920amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		3.7821aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
allyl isothiocyanate
allyl isothiocyanate: used in the manufacture of flavors, war gases; medical use as a counterirritant; structure. allyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate with the formula CH2=CHCH2N=C=S. A colorless oil with boiling point 152degreeC, it is responsible for the pungent taste of mustard, horseradish, and wasabi.		2.5120alkenyl isothiocyanate;
isothiocyanate		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
lachrymator;
metabolite
cetrimonium bromide
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.		2.0510organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		detergent;
surfactant
chlorobutanol
[no description available]		2.0610tertiary alcohol
vincristine
[no description available]		4.2550acetate ester;
formamides;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
physostigmine
Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.		9.2250carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		3.6390glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		3.36017-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
testosterone propionate
Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.		2.4420steroid ester
tubocurarine
Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.		3.6190bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloiddrug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		2.0810ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
apomorphine
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.		5.16140aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
aminopyrine
Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.		2.4620pyrazolone;
tertiary amino compound		antipyretic;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
methyltestosterone
Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.		3.592017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
enone		anabolic agent;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent
tetrabenazine
9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.		3.5920benzoquinolizine;
cyclic ketone;
tertiary amino compound
cephalothin
Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.		2.4520azabicycloalkene;
beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative;
thiophenes		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
uridine
[no description available]		2.4620uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		4.2650kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		4.0240monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		11.83155phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		11.48131amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		3.2310ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		3.5820amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
acetylcholine chloride
acetylcholine chloride : The chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug.		3.2310quaternary ammonium salt
phlorhizin
[no description available]		2.0210aryl beta-D-glucoside;
dihydrochalcones;
monosaccharide derivative		antioxidant;
plant metabolite
mepazine
mepazine: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search MEPAZINE (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. pacatal : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has an N-methylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl substituent at the N-10 position.		3.2310phenothiazines
acepromazine
Acepromazine: A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.. acepromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10.		8.711aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amino compound		phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
methicillin
Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.		2.0410penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
niridazole
Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.		2.05101,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound
cloxacillin
Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.		3.5920penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
methylene blue
Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.		2.3920organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer
bretylium tosylate
Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.		2.4420organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		1.9910amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
calcium acetate
calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.		3.2310calcium saltchelator
androstenedione
Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.		2.041017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbaryl
Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.		2.0510carbamate ester;
naphthalenes		acaricide;
agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant growth retardant
cytidine monophosphate
Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.		1.9910cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		2.7330lactose
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		3.8430aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.0310amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
Mebutamate
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
diethyl sulfate
diethyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. diethyl sulfate : The diethyl ester of sulfuric acid.		3.811alkyl sulfatealkylating agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mutagen
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		4.7490alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
mebanazine
mebanazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.2310benzenes
oxacillin
Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.		3.8330penicillinantibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		2.0510chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
triamcinolone diacetate
triamcinolone diacetate: lysyl oxidase antagonist; Polcortolon may also refers to triamcinolone		2.0810corticosteroid hormone
norethindrone
Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.		2.723017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary alcohol		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel
Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.		2.0510oxo steroid
cycloserine
Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).		3.59204-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
zwitterion		antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antitubercular agent;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
benziodarone
benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)		3.5920aromatic ketone
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		4.6480beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mannitol
[no description available]		4.5470mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine
[no description available]		16.222010beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine
Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.		2.0210nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
medroxyprogesterone acetate
[no description available]		2.743020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester		adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
sulfobromophthalein sodium
bromosulfophthalein sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of bromosulfophthalein.. bromosulfophthalein : An organosulfonic acid that consists of phthalide bearing four bromo substituents at positions 4, 5, 6 and 7 as well as two 4-hydroxy-3-sulfophenyl groups both located at position 1.		2.0710organic sodium saltdye
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		2.4520L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0110amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol
[no description available]		2.442017beta-hydroxy steroid;
aromatic ether;
terminal acetylenic compound		prodrug;
xenoestrogen
methaqualone
Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.		2.0510quinazolinesGABA agonist;
sedative
trypan blue
VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.		2.0510
cordycepin
[no description available]		2.05103'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines		antimetabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		2.9740erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine
Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.		1.9810aspartate family amino acid;
isoleucine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		4.0440arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
propane
Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.		2.4420alkane;
gas molecular entity		food propellant
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		5.0631aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
perflutren
Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.		3.2310fluoroalkane;
fluorocarbon
triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.		2.753011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
fluoxymesterone
Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
fluorinated steroid		anabolic agent;
antineoplastic agent
mepenzolate bromide
[no description available]		2.0410diarylmethane
allylpropymal
allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.		2.0510barbiturates
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		2.9640benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
butobarbital
butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)		2.0510barbiturates
methsuximide
methsuximide: anticonvulsant effective in petit mal & psychomotor epilepsy; has a number of unpleasant & toxic side effects; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SUCCINIMIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.2310organic molecular entity
tromethamine
Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)		3.2310primary amino compound;
triol		buffer
linalool
linalool: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. linalool : A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum.		2.110monoterpenoid;
tertiary alcohol		antimicrobial agent;
fragrance;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
isoprene
isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.		3.821alkadiene;
hemiterpene;
volatile organic compound		plant metabolite
trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.		2.0510chloroethenesinhalation anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite
dichloroacetic acid
[no description available]		2.0410monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		astringent;
marine metabolite
dehydrocholic acid
Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.		2.051012-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-5beta-steroid;
7-oxo steroid;
oxo-5beta-cholanic acid		gastrointestinal drug
taurocholic acid
Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.		2.4720amino sulfonic acid;
bile acid taurine conjugate		human metabolite
cyclizine
Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group.		6.2885N-alkylpiperazineantiemetic;
central nervous system depressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		10.952396-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.		2.0810organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin
brompheniramine
Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.5920organobromine compound;
pyridines		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
penicillin v
Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.		4.460penicillin allergen;
penicillin
isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.		3.8630glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
penicillanic acid
Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.		1.9810penicillanic acids
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		2.4110pyrrolidin-2-ones
pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.		3.2310phenylethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
central nervous system drug;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
diethylpropion
Diethylpropion: A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290). diethylpropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which one of the hydrogens alpha- to the carbonyl is substituted by a diethylamino group. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as the hydrochloride as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
tertiary amine		appetite depressant
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		3.5480mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
isatin
tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;		2.4320indoledioneEC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
phenothiazine
10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.		3.0910phenothiazineferroptosis inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
synephrine
[no description available]		2.0510ethanolamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenols		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
plant metabolite
benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.		2.0510carbonyl compound
4-butyrolactone
4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		1.9810butan-4-olidemetabolite;
neurotoxin
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid
Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.		1.97105-oxoproline;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		algal metabolite
carvone
carvone: an oxidized derivative of limonene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; L-carvone has spearmint flavor, D-carvone has dill/caraway flavor. carvone : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohex-2-enone having methyl and isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, respectively.		7.0410botanical anti-fungal agent;
carvones		allergen
quinuclidines
Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.		16.245724quinuclidines;
saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
pyridostigmine bromide
Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.		1.9910pyridinium salt
benzonatate
benzonatate: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1107. benzonatate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.		3.2310benzoate ester;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		anaesthetic;
antitussive
maleic anhydride
Maleic Anhydrides: Used in copolymerization reactions, in the Diels-Alder(diene)synthesis, in the preparation of resins, pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. It is a powerful irritant and causes burns.. maleic anhydride : A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of maleic acid.		210cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride;
furans		allergen
cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.		2.4220cyclohexanols;
secondary alcohol		solvent
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		2.9440pyrrole;
secondary amine
furan
furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.		2.0510furans;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene		carcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
Maillard reaction product
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		2.9640mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
isopropyl myristate
isopropyl myristate: used for microemulsions; structure		2.1110fatty acid ester
tetraethylenepentamine
[no description available]		2.0110polyazaalkanecopper chelator
ergotamine
Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.		3.1150peptide ergot alkaloidalpha-adrenergic agonist;
mycotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
oxytocic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
estradiol dipropionate
estradiol dipropionate: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemline 7/83		2.0210steroid ester
methylergonovine
Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.6120ergoline alkaloid
neostigmine bromide
neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.		2.9640bromide salt
phenformin
Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.		2.9840biguanidesantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
mephobarbital
Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		2.0510barbituratesanticonvulsant
hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.		2.0510aromatic fungicide;
chlorobenzenes		antifungal agrochemical;
carcinogenic agent;
persistent organic pollutant
trinitrotoluene
Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.		2.0510trinitrotolueneexplosive
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		2.7530aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
pyrazolanthrone
pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.		2.0510anthrapyrazole;
aromatic ketone;
cyclic ketone		antineoplastic agent;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
geroprotector
diatrizoate meglumine
Diatrizoate Meglumine: A versatile contrast medium used for DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY RADIOLOGY.. meglumine amidotrizoate : The N-methylglucamine salt of amidotrizoic acid. Both the sodium and the meglumine salts of amidotrizoic acid have been widely used as water-soluble radioopaque media in diagnostic radiography. The use of a mixture of the two salts is often preferred, as adverse effects can be reduced.		3.4311monocarboxylic acid anionradioopaque medium
meglumine
Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.		2.6930hexosamine;
secondary amino compound
cinchophen
cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94		3.5920quinolines
1-naphthylamine
1-Naphthylamine: A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic.. naphthylamine : A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position.. 1-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1.		4.0631naphthylaminehuman xenobiotic metabolite
sodium cyanide
Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.		1.9710cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
sodium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
yohimbine
Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.		8.1250methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.		2.4420hydrochloride;
organoammonium salt		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
sedative
nafcillin
Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.		4.0540penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mequinol
mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510methoxybenzenes;
phenols		metabolite
potassium cyanide
[no description available]		1.9910cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
potassium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin
methohexital
Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.		3.8430acetylenic compound;
barbiturates		drug allergen;
intravenous anaesthetic
quinestrol
Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)		2.051017-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
dydrogesterone
[no description available]		2.051020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid		progestin
indazoles
Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.		8.62341indazole
adamantane
Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.		3.511adamantanes;
polycyclic alkane
isoxazoles
Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.		3.5220isoxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		2.38201,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		2.6830diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
propantheline bromide
[no description available]		2.0110xanthenes
calcium gluconate
[no description available]		3.4211calcium saltnutraceutical
ephedrine
Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.		15.29102phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenylethanolamines		bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
chlormadinone acetate
Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		2.0510corticosteroid hormone
pirinitramide
Pirinitramide: A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.		2.0410nitrile
edrophonium bromide
[no description available]		2.0410
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510
dexamethasone 21-phosphate
dexamethasone 21-phosphate: has anti-inflammatory activity. dexamethasone phosphate : A steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of dexamethasone.		2.061011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
steroid phosphate;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		glucocorticoid receptor agonist
estradiol 17 beta-cypionate
[no description available]		2.0210steroid ester
evans blue
Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.		2.4820organic sodium saltfluorochrome;
histological dye;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
testosterone enanthate
[no description available]		2.4420heptanoate ester;
sterol ester		androgen
aminophylline
Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.		4.0640mixturebronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		4.0840N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
phenyramidol
phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity		2.0510aminopyridine
carbutamide
Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)		2.0510benzenes;
sulfonamide
galantamine
Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.		4.0840benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzazepine alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to curare poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate
Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.5920steroid ester
methysergide
Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.		10.47250ergoline alkaloid
bucladesine
[no description available]		2.05103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
butanamides;
butyrate ester		agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
vasodilator agent
procarbazine hydrochloride
procarbazine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining procarbazine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		2.0810hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		4.938111beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
perflubron
perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.		2.0510haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
perfluorinated compound		blood substitute;
radioopaque medium
cyproterone acetate
[no description available]		2.051020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
chlorinated steroid;
steroid ester		androgen antagonist;
geroprotector;
progestin
nandrolone
Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		human metabolite
fluorobenzenes
Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.		4.4111monofluorobenzenesNMR chemical shift reference compound
dextropropoxyphene
Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.		4.89601-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoatemu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
ketobemidone
ketobemidone: structure		2.0410piperidines
glycyrrhetinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510cyclic terpene ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		immunomodulator;
plant metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		3.8530bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
glycocholic acid
Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.0710bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
emetine
Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.		2.4720isoquinoline alkaloid;
pyridoisoquinoline		antiamoebic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
expectorant;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
dihydralazine
Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)		2.0510phthalazines
bicuculline
Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.		3.1150benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines		agrochemical;
central nervous system stimulant;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
GABAA receptor antagonist;
neurotoxin
kainic acid
Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.		2.0810dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid		antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist
phenylpropanolamine
Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.		2.0510amphetamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid		plant metabolite
4-hydroxybutyric acid
4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.23104-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		general anaesthetic;
GHB receptor agonist;
neurotoxin;
sedative
alpha-aminopyridine
alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.		2.4720
dihydroergotamine
Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.		4.2650ergot alkaloid;
semisynthetic derivative		dopamine agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic;
serotonergic agonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
podophyllotoxin
Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.		6.3342furonaphthodioxole;
lignan;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
hesperidin
Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.05103'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
flavanone glycoside;
monomethoxyflavanone;
rutinoside		mutagen
medroxyprogesterone
[no description available]		3.231017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
dimenhydrinate
gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source		10.34146diarylmethane
azomycin
azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure		1.9810C-nitro compound;
imidazoles		antitubercular agent
chlormethiazole
Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.		2.9340thiazoles
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.		5.9271amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic
levocarnitine
(R)-carnitine : The (R)-enantiomer of carnitine.		3.5620carnitineantilipemic drug;
nootropic agent;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
water-soluble vitamin (role)
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		2.4420dialdehydebiomarker
sulfanilylurea
sulfanilylurea: antimicrobial agent; structure		3.2310benzenes;
sulfonamide
gentian violet
Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.		2.0510organic chloride saltanthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye
1-naphthylisothiocyanate
1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.		2.4720isothiocyanateinsecticide
hematoporphyrin
Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.		2.0510
lithium carbonate
Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.		2.0410carbonate salt;
lithium salt		antimanic drug
doxylamine succinate
[no description available]		3.1910organic molecular entity
lactulose
[no description available]		4.0840glycosylfructosegastrointestinal drug;
laxative
3-hydroxyflavone
3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.		2.2110flavonols;
monohydroxyflavone
megestrol acetate
[no description available]		2.743020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
steroid ester		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
glycopyrrolate
Glycopyrrolate: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics.. glycopyrronium bromide : A quaternary ammonium salt composed of 3-{[cyclopentyl(hydroxy)phenylacetyl]oxy}-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium and bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio.		10.3322organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt
pamabrom
[no description available]		3.2310
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		14.13162acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
glycochenodeoxycholic acid
Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycochenodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycochenodeoxycholic acid.. glycochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl as the bile acid component.		2.0710bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
erythromycin stearate
[no description available]		2.0510aminoglycoside
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		7.78203cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
hydroxychloroquine sulfate
[no description available]		2.0810
levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.		4.255017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
lormetazepam
lormetazepam: RN given refers to cpd with specified locant for methyl group; structure given in first source. lormetazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position, a 2-chlorophenyl group at the 5-position and a chloro substituent at the 7-position.		2.74301,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		sedative
vinblastine
[no description available]		3.1550
diphenoxylate
Diphenoxylate: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.. diphenoxylate : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin.		3.2310ethyl ester;
nitrile;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amine		antidiarrhoeal drug
1-methylpyridinium
1-methylpyridinium: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710methylpyridines
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		4.7132pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
estradiol valerate
[no description available]		2.4420steroid ester
ethambutol hydrochloride
ethambutol dihydrochloride : The dihydrchloride salt of ethambutol. A bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, it is effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol dihydrochloride is used alone.		2.0810hydrochlorideantitubercular agent
ethambutol
Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.		4.2350ethanolamines;
ethylenediamine derivative		antitubercular agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
carmine
Carmine: Coloring matter from the insect Coccus cacti L. It is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc., as a dye, and also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker.		2.0110
antimycin a
[no description available]		2.4720benzamides;
formamides;
macrodiolide;
phenols		antifungal agent;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
piscicide
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		4.4260glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid
glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.		2.0710enone;
glucosiduronic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
tricarboxylic acid;
triterpenoid saponin		EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		3.8430alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
pregnenolone carbonitrile
Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.		2.0810aliphatic nitrile
ibufenac
ibufenac: used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. ibufenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.		3.2310monocarboxylic acidEC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metylperon
metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4620aromatic ketone
metaxalone
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether
diphenyldiselenide
diphenyldiselenide: structure given in first source		2.0710
spectinomycin
Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.		3.5820cyclic acetal;
cyclic hemiketal;
cyclic ketone;
pyranobenzodioxin;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate
Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		5.2541tertiary amine
dronabinol
Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.		11.53141benzochromene;
diterpenoid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide		cannabinoid receptor agonist;
epitope;
hallucinogen;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic
amiloride
Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.		4.5170aromatic amine;
guanidines;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		diuretic;
sodium channel blocker
pimozide
Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.		4.84100benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound		antidyskinesia agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
benperidol
Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)		2.0410aromatic ketone
betamethasone valerate
Betamethasone Valerate: The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.. betamethasone valerate : A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
guanoxan
guanoxan: was MH 1976-92 (see under GUANIDINES 1976-90); use GUANIDINES to search GUANOXAN 1976-92; antihypertensive agent similar in its mechanism of action to guanethidine; may cause liver damage		2.4620benzodioxine
benzylguanidine
[no description available]		1.9710
phenethyl isothiocyanate
phenethyl isothiocyanate: a dietary liver aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor; promotes urinary bladder carcinoma. phenethyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenethyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is a naturally occurring compound found in some cruciferous vegetables (e.g. watercress) and is known to possess anticancer properties.		2.0710isothiocyanateantineoplastic agent;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
metabolite
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate
Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate: A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies.		2.0210corticosteroid hormone;
hemisuccinate
dexbrompheniramine
dexbrompheniramine : The (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.2310brompheniramineanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
flupenthixol
Flupenthixol: A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595). flupenthixol : A thioxanthene derivative having a trifluoromethyl substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)propylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry.		6.9910thioxanthenes
alpha-terpineol
terpineol : A family of monoterpenols that have a p-menthane skeleton containing one double bond and bearing a single hydroxy substituent.		2.1310terpineolplant metabolite
sulfadoxine
Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.		2.0510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimalarial
dixyrazine
dixyrazine: structure		8.8221phenothiazines
acadesine
[no description available]		2.05101-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
chlordesmethyldiazepam
[no description available]		2.0410benzodiazepine
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		4.4160dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine
doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.		2.7430organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
dicloxacillin
Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.		4.460dichlorobenzene;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
sabinene
sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.		1.9810thujeneplant metabolite
cyclacillin
Cyclacillin: A cyclohexylamido analog of PENICILLANIC ACID.		2.0210penicillinantibacterial drug
iproclozide
iproclozide: structure		2.0510aromatic ether
megestrol
Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.		3.231017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
tranylcypromine
Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		2.02102-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
streptomycin
[no description available]		3.8630antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
cladribine
[no description available]		4.2550organochlorine compound;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
beclomethasone
[no description available]		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug
carbenicillin
Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.		3.5820penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
carbenicillin disodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic sodium salt
dehydroemetine
dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties.		2.0510aromatic ether;
isoquinolines;
pyridoisoquinoline		antileishmanial agent;
antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug
estradiol enanthate
[no description available]		2.0210steroid ester
benorilate
benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin		2.0510carbonyl compound
trimetazidine
Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.		2.0510aromatic amine
5,6-dihydroxytryptamine
5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 6. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacologic research.		2.4420
metocurine
metocurine: from Chinese herb Cyclea hainanensis Mrr		2.4720isoquinolines
floxacillin
Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.		2.4520penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
clomacran
clomacran: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.2310acridines
beclomethasone dipropionate
beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.		2.041011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
enone;
glucocorticoid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		2.0510beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate
[no description available]		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		antipsoriatic
methenamine hippurate
methenamine hippurate: both parts of molecule contribute to its antibacterial action		3.2310N-acylglycine
limonene
Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.		7.0410cycloalkene;
p-menthadiene		human metabolite
olsalazine
olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.		5.0370azobenzenes;
dicarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
tiadenol
tiadenol: structure		2.0510aliphatic sulfide
terodiline
[no description available]		2.7430diarylmethane
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
etidronate disodium
etidronate disodium : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of two protons from etidronic acid (one from from each of the phosphonic acid groups) by sodium ions.		2.0810organic sodium saltantineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		2.1110copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		2.4420titanium group element atom
zirconium
Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.		2.4420titanium group element atom
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		3.2960pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
magnesium sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.		2.0210magnesium salt;
metal sulfate;
organic magnesium salt		anaesthetic;
analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
anticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
fertilizer;
tocolytic agent
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt
[no description available]		3.3711sodium phosphate
metocurine iodide
[no description available]		2.0410aromatic ether
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		4.6861delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
zinc sulfate
Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.		3.710metal sulfate;
zinc molecular entity		fertilizer
copper sulfate
Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.		3.3970metal sulfateemetic;
fertilizer;
sensitiser
sodium thiosulfate
sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.		3.2310inorganic sodium saltantidote to cyanide poisoning;
antifungal drug;
nephroprotective agent
chlorine
Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.		1.9910diatomic chlorine;
gas molecular entity		bleaching agent
fluorosulfonic acid
perfluorosulfonic acid: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer–copolymer		2.110sulfur oxoacidNMR solvent
glycerol 1-stearate
glycerol 1-stearate: isolated from the young fronds of the bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum; structure in first source. rac-1-monostearoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-stearoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-stearoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monostearoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has stearoyl as the acyl group.		2.1101-acylglycerol 18:0;
rac-1-monoacylglycerol		algal metabolite;
Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite
trolamine salicylate
Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		2.1110
stanozolol
Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anabolic agent;
androgen
clodronic acid
Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.		2.45201,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
one-carbon compound;
organochlorine compound		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent
mafenide acetate
[no description available]		2.0810carboxylic acid
reproterol
reproterol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.0510oxopurine
titanium dioxide
titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.		2.4420titanium oxidesfood colouring
apazone
Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.		2.0410benzotriazinesnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
uricosuric drug
misonidazole
Misonidazole: A nitroimidazole that sensitizes normally radio-resistant hypoxic cells to radiation. It may also be directly cytotoxic to hypoxic cells and has been proposed as an antineoplastic.		1.9810
diacerein
diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase;		2.0810anthraquinone
metopimazine
metopimazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		7.6197phenothiazines
xipamide
Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.		2.0510benzamides
selegiline
Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.		4.3960selegiline;
terminal acetylenic compound		geroprotector
selegiline hydrochloride, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4720hydrochloride;
terminal acetylenic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		2.44206-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
clemastine
Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.		5.4241monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
thiamphenicol
[no description available]		2.4720monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfone		antimicrobial agent;
immunosuppressive agent
pancuronium bromide
pancuronium bromide : A bromide salt consisting of two bromide ions and one pancuronium dication.		2.0810bromide saltcholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
pizotyline
Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.		2.0510benzocycloheptathiophenehistamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
cephalexin
Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.		4.6580beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
cromolyn sodium
Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.		3.6420organic sodium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
drug allergen
isosorbide-5-mononitrate
isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug		2.9640glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
ornidazole
Ornidazole: A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.. ornidazole : A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
organochlorine compound;
secondary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antitrichomonal drug;
epitope
edifenphos
edifenphos: structure. edifenphos : An organic thiophosphate that is the O-ethyl-S,S-diphenyl ester of phosphorodithioic acid. Used to control a variety of fungal diseases on rice including blast, ear blight and stem rot. Edifenphos is moderately toxic to mammals and fish but poses more of a risk to aquatic invertebrates.		2.0610organic thiophosphateantifungal agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin;
phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitor
danazol
Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.		4.265017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		anti-estrogen;
estrogen antagonist;
geroprotector
metergoline
Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.		2.6830carbamate ester;
ergoline alkaloid		dopamine agonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
fenclozic acid
fenclozic acid: an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZOLES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		3.2310
lisuride
Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).		3.0810monocarboxylic acid amideantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
serotonergic agonist
laxagetten 4,4'-diacetoxydiphenylpyridylemethane
[no description available]		3.2310
1-deoxynojirimycin
1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.		2.06102-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol;
piperidine alkaloid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		5.4341aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
cephapirin
Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		2.4320cephalosporinantibacterial drug
fludarabine phosphate
fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.		3.6120nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
alclofenac
alclofenac: was heading 1975-94 (was see under PHENYLACETATES 1975-90); use PHENYLACETATES to search ALCLOFENAC 1975-94; an anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; acts also as an analgesic and an antipyretic. alclofenac : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen links an allyl group to the 4-position of (3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid.A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the UK market in 1979 due to concerns with its association with vasculitis and rash.		3.2310aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
carbimazole
Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		2.05101,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones;
carbamate ester		antithyroid drug;
prodrug
bromocriptine
Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.		3.8530indole alkaloidantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
hormone antagonist
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		2.4320benzenes;
phenyl acetates
triamcinolone
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.		2.051011beta-hydroxy steroid;
16alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
oxyphenisatin
[no description available]		3.5920indoles
tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.		2.0510chlorocarbon;
chloroethenes		nephrotoxic agent
fludrocortisone
Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
mineralocorticoid		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid
Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		5.0850bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pregnanolone
Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.		2.49203-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid		human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
metipranolol
Metipranolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist effective for both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It is used as an antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, and antiglaucoma agent.. metipranolol : 3-(Propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy group. A non-cardioselective beta-blocker, it is used to lower intra-ocular pressure in the management of open-angle glaucoma.		2.0210acetate ester;
aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
benzonidazole
benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antiprotozoal drug
halazepam
halazepam: structure		2.0210organic molecular entity
butachlor
butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.		2.0510aromatic amide;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
du-21220
Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.		2.7130benzyl alcohols;
polyphenol;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
dihydro-beta-erythroidine
Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine: Dihydro analog of beta-erythroidine, which is isolated from the seeds and other plant parts of Erythrina sp. Leguminosae. It is an alkaloid with curarimimetic properties.. dihydro-beta-erythroidine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the partial hydrogenation of the 1,3-diene moiety of beta-erythroidine to give the corresponding 2-ene.		2.0510delta-lactone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		nicotinic antagonist
transferrin
Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.		8.821
rose bengal b disodium salt
[no description available]		2.0510
alkenes
[no description available]		1.9810
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		5.05120glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
dexchlorpheniramine
dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer		3.2310chlorphenamine
ribostamycin
Ribostamycin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from Streptomyces ribosifidicus.. ribostamycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is 4,6-diaminocyclohexane-1,2,3-triol having a 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 1 and a beta-D-ribosyl residue attached at position 2. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ribosidificus (formerly S. thermoflavus).		2.0410amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
metabolite
clometacin
clometacin: structure		3.2310N-acylindole
cefazolin
Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		9.5370beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
tetrazoles;
thiadiazoles		antibacterial drug
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		4.7690penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
timolol
(S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.		5.09130timololanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin
Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.9540tryptamines
carfecillin
Carfecillin: The phenyl ester of CARBENICILLIN that, upon oral administration, is broken down in the intestinal mucosa to the active antibacterial. It is used for urinary tract infections.		2.0510penicillin
tramadol
Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.		12.9632142-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanoladrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antitussive;
capsaicin receptor antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nicergoline
Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.		2.0510organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
oxcarbazepine
Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.		4.0940cyclic ketone;
dibenzoazepine		anticonvulsant;
drug allergen
carbidopa
carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.		3.6120catechols;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
toloxatone
toloxatone: oxazolidinone derivative; psychotropic drug; structure. toloxatone : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted by a 3-methylphenyl group at position 3.		2.0410oxazolidinone;
primary alcohol;
toluenes
moricizine
Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.		3.8230carbamate ester;
morpholines;
phenothiazines		anti-arrhythmia drug
amineptin
amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.		3.5920amino acid;
carbocyclic fatty acid;
carbotricyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor
bitolterol
bitolterol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bitolterol : The di-4-toluate ester of (+-)-N-tert-butylnoradrenaline (colterol). A pro-drug for colterol, a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, bitolterol is used as its methanesulfonate salt for relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.		2.0210carboxylic ester;
diester;
ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
prodrug
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		5.01120azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate
2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate: used in coating materials		2.0610
feprazone
Feprazone: A pyrazole that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It has been used in mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p15)		2.0810organic molecular entity
5,7-dihydroxytryptamine
5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.		3.2560
pirprofen
pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure		3.5920pyrroline
medifoxamine
medifoxamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		210aromatic ether
sisomicin
Sisomicin: Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS).		2.0410amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic;
beta-L-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative
amdinocillin
Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.		2.0410penicillinantibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
tobramycin
Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.		2.9640amino cyclitol glycosideantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
toxin
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		13.43177taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		10.57225beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p
[no description available]		9.37151peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
dobutamine
Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		4.0540catecholamine;
secondary amine		beta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
ticarcillin
Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.		2.0410penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
trimazosin
trimazosin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410N-arylpiperazine
halofantrine
halofantrine: used in treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria		2.9540phenanthrenes
penbutolol
Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.		3.8230ethanolamines
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		4.41601-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
adinazolam
adinazolam: structure in first source. adinazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a dimethylaminomethyl group at the 1-position, a phenyl group at the 6-position and a chloro substituent at the 8-position.		2.4520triazolobenzodiazepineanticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
sedative
lentinan
[no description available]		2.0110
amikacin
Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.		4.2650alpha-D-glucoside;
amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside;
carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
nephrotoxin
tolamolol
[no description available]		2.0410
carbidopa
[no description available]		2.0510catechols;
hydrate;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
cephradine
Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.		3.8630beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
ticrynafen
Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.		3.5920aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antihypertensive agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
loop diuretic
guanadrel
guanadrel: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanadrel : A spiroketal resulting from the formal condensation of the keto group of cyclohexanone with the hydroxy groups of 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)guanidine. A postganglionic adrenergic blocking agent formerly used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the management of hypertension, it has been largely superseded by other drugs less likely to cause orthostatic hypotension (dizzy spells on standing up or stretching).		2.0210guanidines;
spiroketal		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
methyldopa
Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		4.6580L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
hapten;
peripheral nervous system drug;
sympatholytic agent
tocainide
Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		2.9440monocarboxylic acid amideanti-arrhythmia drug;
local anaesthetic;
sodium channel blocker
sulbenicillin
Sulbenicillin: Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic.. sulbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain.		2.0410penicillin
bezafibrate
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
sq-11725
Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.		3.5480
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		10.341705-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
levobunolol
Levobunolol: The L-Isomer of bunolol.. levobunolol : A cyclic ketone that is 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-one substituted at position 5 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group (the S-enantiomer). A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of glaucoma.		2.0210aromatic ether;
cyclic ketone;
propanolamine		antiglaucoma drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.0710pyridinium ionapoptosis inducer;
herbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
neurotoxin
vecuronium bromide
Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		2.9740organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
vecuronium
vecuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		3.2310acetate ester;
androstane;
quaternary ammonium ion		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.		3.3260alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
benoxaprofen
benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.		3.59201,3-benzoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antipsoriatic;
antipyretic;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
nephrotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
protein kinase C agonist
permethrin
hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141		2.4420cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
cyclopropanes		agrochemical;
ectoparasiticide;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide;
scabicide
exifone
[no description available]		3.2310benzophenones
pirfenidone
pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.		2.0510pyridoneantipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mefloquine
(-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.		3.2310[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanolantimalarial
vindesine
Vindesine: Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against CANCER. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols (ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS).		4.3522methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
primary carboxamide;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent
rp 31264
suriclone: recognizes receptors labeled by benzodiazepines		3.3711
desogestrel
Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
meptazinol
Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.		2.7230azepanes
muzolimine
Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects.		2.0510dichlorobenzene
nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug		3.6120benzamides;
carboxylic ester
sufentanil
Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		8.1592anilide;
ether;
piperidines;
thiophenes		anaesthesia adjuvant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
acarbose
[no description available]		3.6120tetrasaccharide derivativeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
torsemide
Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.		4.3960aminopyridine;
N-sulfonylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
loop diuretic
medroxalol
medroxalol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410salicylamides
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		10.772211aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
flumecinol
flumecinol: liver microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme inducer		3.710diarylmethane
cefmetazole
Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.		2.4320cephalosporinantibacterial drug
desflurane
Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.		5.0552organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
prenalterol
Prenalterol: A partial adrenergic agonist with functional beta 1-receptor specificity and inotropic effect. It is effective in the treatment of acute CARDIAC FAILURE, postmyocardial infarction low-output syndrome, SHOCK, and reducing ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION in the SHY-RAGER SYNDROME.		210aromatic ether
lorcainide
[no description available]		3.1450acetamides
idarubicin
Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.		3.8430anthracycline antibiotic;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative
laurocapram
laurocapram: enhances percutaneous absorption of different chemicals; structure given in first source		2.0610
ceforanide
ceforanide: RN given refers to (6R-(trans))-isomer. ceforanide : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with {[1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and 2-(aminomethyl)phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is effective against many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, and most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter and Arizona species.		2.0410cephalosporinantibacterial drug
cefonicid
Cefonicid: A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.. cefonicid : A cephalosporin bearing {[1-(sulfomethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		2.0210cephalosporinantibacterial drug
piperacillin
Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		9.2350penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
paroxetine
Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.		5.81160aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		5.01120alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
progabide
progabide: GABA agonist; structure		2.0510diarylmethane
cefoperazone
Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.		4.0640cephalosporinantibacterial drug
staurosporine
[no description available]		2.4720indolocarbazole alkaloid;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
geroprotector
foscarnet sodium
trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		2.4720one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antiviral drug
lodoxamide
[no description available]		2.0210organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
indalpine
indalpine: selective 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9810indoles
atracurium
Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.		3.8430diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
atracurium besylate
atracurium besylate : The bisbenzenesulfonate salt of atracurium.		2.0810organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
butoconazole
butoconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. butoconazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)sulfanyl]butyl group. An antifungal agent, it is used as its nitrate salt in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.		2.0210aryl sulfide;
conazole antifungal drug;
dichlorobenzene;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
moxalactam
Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.		2.4520cephalosporin;
oxacephem		antibacterial drug
nicorandil
Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.		2.4720nitrate ester;
pyridinecarboxamide		potassium channel opener;
vasodilator agent
endralazine
BQ 22-708: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410benzamides
naftifine
naftifine: allylamine der; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. naftifine : A tertiary amine in which the nitrogen is substituted by methyl, alpha-naphthylmethyl, and (1E)-cinnamyl groups. It is used (usually as its hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of fungal skin infections.		2.0210allylamine antifungal drug;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
pergolide
Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		4.7590diamine;
methyl sulfide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
pergolide mesylate
pergolide mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained from pergolide by mixing eqimolar amount of pergolide and methanesulfonic acid. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltantiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
geroprotector
bicifadine
bicifadine: a nonopioid analgesic that modulates the monoaminergic pathways involved in pain		2.0610
cefadroxil anhydrous
Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.6680cephalosporinantibacterial drug
encainide
Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.		3.1350benzamides;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
sodium channel blocker
talniflumate
talniflumate: an anti-inflammatory molecule for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma		2.0810benzofurans
fenoldopam mesylate
[no description available]		2.0810benzazepine
tiotidine
tiotidine: UD gives slightly different structure for this cpd; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		2.0610thiazoles
nedocromil
Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS.		2.0210dicarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fialuridine
[no description available]		3.2310
cefaclor anhydrous
Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.0840cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
bucindolol
bucindolol: an indolyl-tert-butyl-phenoxypropanolamine benzonitrile derivative		2.0410
pefloxacin
Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.		3.1550fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
alfentanil
Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.		8.3104monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		central nervous system depressant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
fomesafen
fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.		9.46283aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
organofluorine compound;
phenols		agrochemical;
EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor;
herbicide
miglustat
miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.		3.5920piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
haloperidol decanoate
[no description available]		3.2310organic molecular entity
cefotetan
Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.		4.4160
recainam
recainam: structure given in first source		2.7430
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		4.7690delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
flupirtine
flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.1550aminopyridine
tolrestat
tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source		3.2310naphthalenesEC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
enoximone
Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.		2.9540aromatic ketone
stepronin
[no description available]		2.0810N-acyl-amino acid
piritrexim
piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0510
levocabastine
levocabastine: for the temporary relief of the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis		2.0210piperidines
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		12.0691delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
idazoxan
Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.		3.470benzodioxine;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist
remoxipride
Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.		3.1550dimethoxybenzene
balsalazide
balsalazide: a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine; structure in first source. balsalazide : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.		3.2310
pravastatin
Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		4.76903-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
carbobicyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
xenobiotic
cabergoline
Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.		4.1140N-acylureaantineoplastic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
bambuterol
bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.		2.0410carbamate ester;
phenylethanolamines		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
atomoxetine hydrochloride
Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.		4.0840hydrochlorideadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant
atomoxetine
atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.		4.2650aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound;
toluenes		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
quinapril
Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.0840dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
alpidem
[no description available]		5.2131imidazoles
gepirone
gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.4120N-arylpiperazine
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		4.1403-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
piroximone
piroximone: structure in first source		2.0510
5-propynylarabinofuranosyluracil
5-propynylarabinofuranosyluracil: potent inhibitor of VZV		2.4620
itraconazole
Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.		2.1710aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
trospectomycin
trospectomycin: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer		2.0410dioxanes
fosphenytoin
fosphenytoin: structure given in first & second source		3.5620imidazolidine-2,4-dione
salmeterol xinafoate
Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.		2.0810naphthoic acid
ranolazine
Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.		3.620aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
secondary alcohol
ipsapirone
[no description available]		2.3820N-arylpiperazine
fura-2
Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.		2.0310
flesinoxan
[no description available]		1.9710
finasteride
Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.		4.55703-oxo steroid;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		androgen antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
imiquimod
Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.		2.0810imidazoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
interferon inducer
pemirolast
pemirolast: RN from Toxlit; structure given in first source; antiallergic drug		2.0610pyridopyrimidine
sematilide
sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source		2.4520
batanopride
batanopride: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9710
esmolol
methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.		5.6451aromatic ether;
ethanolamines;
methyl ester;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
clinafloxacin
clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl		2.4520quinolines
sertindole
sertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.		3.2960heteroarylpiperidine;
imidazolidinone;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
phenylindole		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
adapalene
Adapalene: A naphthalene derivative that has specificity for RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS. It is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT for the treatment of ACNE.. adapalene : A naphthoic acid that is CD437 in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to its methyl ether.		2.4520adamantanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
naphthoic acid		dermatologic drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
adefovir
adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		4.08406-aminopurines;
ether;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
loxiglumide
loxiglumide: cholecystokinin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source		2.4520organic molecular entity
aromasil
[no description available]		3.612017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sparfloxacin
[no description available]		3.6590fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone
zileuton
[no description available]		4.08401-benzothiophenes;
ureas		anti-asthmatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		3.5920methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous
Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.		4.4160phosphonic acids;
pyrimidone		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
photosensitizing agent
tiagabine
Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.		4.2650beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid;
tertiary amino compound;
thiophenes		anticonvulsant;
GABA reuptake inhibitor
mibefradil
Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.		3.5480tetralinsT-type calcium channel blocker
topotecan
Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.		5.9271pyranoindolizinoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
tenidap
tenidap: structure given in first source; RN refers to (Z)-isomer		2.4620
bromfenac
bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.		4.460aromatic amino acid;
benzophenones;
organobromine compound;
substituted aniline		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride;
organofluorine compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		5.6451organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
ibutilide
ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt		4.5270benzenes;
organic amino compound
aripiprazole
Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.		5.73100aromatic ether;
delta-lactam;
dichlorobenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone		drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic agonist
remifentanil
Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.		16.81712alpha-amino acid ester;
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidinecarboxylate ester		intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
sedative
atorvastatin calcium anhydrous
[no description available]		2.0810organic calcium salt
atorvastatin
[no description available]		4.2550aromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)		environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
befloxatone
befloxatone: selectively inhibits monoamine oxidase A; structure in first source; RN given refers to (R)-isomer		2.0610
lamivudine
[no description available]		4.5470monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride
Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.		3.2150duloxetine hydrochlorideantidepressant
duloxetine
[no description available]		3.8630duloxetine
irinotecan
[no description available]		6.1591carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		4.5470biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ibandronic acid
Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.5820
ziprasidone
ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.		4.76901,2-benzisothiazole;
indolones;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir
Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.		2.7430guanidinesantiviral agent;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan
zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.		4.2650oxazolidinone;
tryptamines		anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
adefovir dipivoxil
bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		2.47206-aminopurines;
carbonate ester;
ether;
organic phosphonate		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		3.8830monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
mifobate
mifobate: has antiatherosclerotic properties		2.0510trialkyl phosphate
tasosartan
tasosartan: angiotensin II antagonist; structure given in first source		3.2310biphenyls
tiludronic acid
tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source		3.2310organochlorine compound
tirofiban
Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.		3.5820L-tyrosine derivative;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
capecitabine
Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.		5.541carbamate ester;
cytidines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		4.0840adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
paroxetine hydrochloride
paroxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of paroxetine. It is an antidepressant drug.		2.0810hydrochlorideantidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
desferrioxamine b mesylate
desferrioxamine B mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of desferrioxamine B with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. It is an iron-chelating medicine used to remove excess iron from the body. It binds to iron in the blood, which is then passed out in the urine.		2.0110methanesulfonate saltantidote;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator
bupropion hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic ketone
cisatracurium
cisatracurium: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,2alpha(1'R*,2'R*)))-isomer. cisatracurium : A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.		2.0410diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
halofuginone
[no description available]		2.0510quinazolines
venlafaxine hydrochloride
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.		2.4220hydrochloride
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		2.0810hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
fosinoprilat
fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.		2.0410L-proline derivative;
phosphinic acids		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ortho-cept
ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne		2.0510
trovafloxacin
trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.		4.2650
cefprozil
[no description available]		4.0640cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
doxazosin mesylate
Cardura: Trade name in United States.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltgeroprotector
methylprednisolone aceponate
methylprednisolone aceponate: RN given for (6alpha,11beta)-isomer		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
dexamethasone 17-valerate
dexamethasone 17-valerate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure		2.021021-hydroxy steroid
dexamethasone dipropionate
[no description available]		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		4.2750acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir
Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.		4.4360aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
doxapram hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510hydrochloridecentral nervous system stimulant
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		210D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
mevastatin
mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.		2.08102-pyranones;
carboxylic ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		antifungal agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
Penicillium metabolite
bupivacaine hydrochloride
bupivacaine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine hydrochloride and levobupivacaine hydrochloride. The monohydrate form is commonly used as a local anaesthetic.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.0810hydrochloride;
racemate		adrenergic antagonist;
amphiphile;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
local anaesthetic
fenofibric acid
fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
chlorobenzophenone;
monocarboxylic acid		drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
n-methylnicotinamide
N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.		2.4620pyridinecarboxamidemetabolite
1,5-anhydroglucitol
1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.		2.0510anhydro sugarhuman metabolite
betulinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
baicalin
[no description available]		2.0710dihydroxyflavone;
glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		antiatherosclerotic agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
plerixafor
plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.		3.6120azacycloalkane;
azamacrocycle;
benzenes;
crown amine;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist;
immunological adjuvant
amprenavir
[no description available]		4.4360carbamate ester;
sulfonamide;
tetrahydrofuryl ester		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.		3.5920acetamides;
amino acid ester;
cyclohexenecarboxylate ester;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
ticlopidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride
epirubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		2.0510glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
iopamidol
Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.		2.4320benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound;
pentol		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
histamine phosphate
histamine phosphate : A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.		3.2310phosphate salthistamine agonist
imipramine n-oxide
imipramine N-oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410dibenzooxazepine
tilbroquinol
[no description available]		3.2310organohalogen compound;
quinolines
bendamustine
[no description available]		3.5920benzimidazoles
erdosteine
[no description available]		2.0510N-acyl-amino acid
droxicam
droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.		3.2310organic heterotricyclic compound;
pyridines		cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prodrug
esreboxetine
esreboxetine: a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor		2.0810aromatic ether
ebrotidine
ebrotidine: an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric mucosa protector		3.2310sulfonamide
web 2086
WEB 2086: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist		1.9810organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound
mizolastine
[no description available]		3.2960benzimidazoles
dexloxiglumide
dexloxiglumide: a CCK receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.4520glutamic acid derivative
terikalant
terikalant: experimental class II antiarrhythmic drug; RN gioven refers to terikalant ((S-(-))-isomer)		2.7230piperidines
intoplicine
intoplicine: structure in first source		2.4520pyridoindole
pazufloxacin
[no description available]		2.0810quinolines
repaglinide
[no description available]		4.4260piperidines
lerisetron
[no description available]		1.9910
telmisartan
Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.		4.96110benzimidazoles;
biphenyls;
carboxybiphenyl		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
dexfenfluramine
Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.		3.1450fenfluramineappetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
xenon radioisotopes
Xenon Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of xenon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Xe atoms with atomic weights 121-123, 125, 127, 133, 135, 137-145 are radioactive xenon isotopes.		3.3611
2-methoxyestradiol
2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.		2.452017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate: RN given refers to the (17alpha)-isomer		2.0410
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		4.03401,2,3-triazole
miconazole nitrate
miconazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole nitrate. An antifungal used for the treatment of athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		2.0810
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate: binds to albumin at 2 sites		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
steroid sulfate		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen
medetomidine
Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.		2.0510imidazoles
sertraline
Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		8.87114dichlorobenzene;
secondary amino compound;
tetralins		antidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
picosulfate sodium
picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure		2.0510aryl sulfate;
pyridines
cefcanel
cefcanel: RN given refers to (6R-(6 alpha,7 beta(R*)))-isomer; structure		2.4520
ibuproxam
ibuproxam: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #6312. ibuproxam : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of ibuprofen with the amino group of hydroxylamine. Used for treatment of pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders.		2.0610hydroxamic acidiron chelator;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rilmenidine
Rilmenidine: Oxazole derivative that acts as an agonist for ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION.		210isourea
zoledronic acid
Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.		4.08401,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
imidazoles		bone density conservation agent
epristeride
epristeride: structure given in first source		2.4520steroid acid
talinolol
[no description available]		2.7530ureas
budipine
budipine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #6541		2.0610diarylmethane
pirlindole
pirlindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym pyrazidol refers to mono-HCl; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2812		3.110carbazoles
artemisinin
(+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.0810organic peroxide;
sesquiterpene lactone		antimalarial;
plant metabolite
brinzolamide
brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent		2.0810sulfonamide;
thienothiazine		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
mesulergine
mesulergine: RN given refers to parent cpd; CU 32-085 is synonymous to mono-HCl; metabolized into dopaminergic agonists; structure given in first source. mesulergine : A member of the class of ergot alkaloids that is known to act on serotonin and dopamine receptors.		2.6930ergot alkaloid;
sulfamides		antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
serotonergic antagonist
dienogest
[no description available]		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
aliphatic nitrile;
steroid hormone		progesterone receptor agonist;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
tianeptine
tianeptine: structure given in first source. tianeptine : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tianeptine. It is an atypical antidepressant used in Europe to treat patients who respond poorly to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).. 7-[(3-chloro-6-methyl-5,5-dioxido-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepin-11-yl)amino]heptanoic acid : A member of the class of dibenzothiazepines that is 3-chloro-6-methyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide substituted by a (6-carboxyhexyl)amino group at position 11.. (S)-tianeptine : The S-enantiomer of tianeptine.		2.730dibenzothiazepine;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
drospirenone
drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source		2.08103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
steroid lactone		aldosterone antagonist;
contraceptive drug;
progestin
artemether
Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.0810artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
organic peroxide;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial
morphazinamide
morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index		2.0510morpholines;
pyrazines;
secondary carboxamide
dansylglycine
[no description available]		210
denaverine
denaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410diarylmethane
pafenolol
pafenolol: structure given in first source		2.0510
acamprosate
Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.		8.42100acetamides;
organosulfonic acid		environmental contaminant;
neurotransmitter agent;
xenobiotic
isaxonine
isaxonine: promotes nerve growth		3.2310aminopyrimidine
n-methylscopolamine
N-Methylscopolamine: A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.		2.0610
diprafenone
diprafenone: structure given in first source		2.4220aromatic compound
metaclazepam
Ka-2547: benzodiazepine deriv		2.0510benzodiazepine
erythromycin propionate
erythromycin propionate: form in which erythromycin estolate is principally absorbed		2.0210erythromycin derivative
nebivolol
2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.		3.5820chromanes;
diol;
organofluorine compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
uk 68798
[no description available]		7.16101aromatic ether;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
potassium channel blocker
ljc 10627
biapenem: structure given in first source. biapenem : A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively.		2.0410carbapenems;
organic sulfide;
pyrazolotriazole		antibacterial drug
hp 873
iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.		3.61201,2-benzoxazoles;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
monoamine;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
dexrazoxane
Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.		4.0640razoxaneantineoplastic agent;
cardiovascular drug;
chelator;
immunosuppressive agent
loxapine succinate
[no description available]		2.0810succinate saltgeroprotector
fenoxypropazine
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether
antebate
betamethasone butyrate propionate: a topical corticosteroid		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
voriconazole
Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.		4.0840conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidines;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		P450 inhibitor
betamipron
[no description available]		2.7530organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
bufuralol
bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.9540benzofurans
uroxatral
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride
aceclofenac
[no description available]		3.8830amino acid;
carboxylic ester;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
brl 46470
BRL 46470: a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and anxiolytic compound; BRL 46470A is the hydrochloride salt		2.6730
nitrefazole
[no description available]		3.2310imidazoles
epanolol
epanolol: structure given in first source		210acetamides
panipenem
panipenem: synthetic cpd; structure given in first source		2.0410organic molecular entity
perindoprilat
perindoprilat : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-norvaline with the amino group of (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid. The major active metabolite of perindopril.		2.0410dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide;
L-alanine derivative;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
fluparoxan
fluparoxan: structure given in first source		2.0610
cyclobutyrol
cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring.		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acidbile therapy drug
thiocolchicoside
[no description available]		2.0810glycoside
terlipressin
terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function.		2.0510polypeptide
tolmesoxide
tolmesoxide: structure		2.0510
ubenimex
ubenimex: growth inhibitor		2.0710
7-hydroxystaurosporine
[no description available]		2.0410
methotrimeprazine
Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.		2.7230phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
isoflavone
[no description available]		2.0510isoflavones
clevudine
[no description available]		2.0510
9-aminocamptothecin
[no description available]		2.0410pyranoindolizinoquinoline
sch 34343
Sch 34343: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,6alpha))-isomer		2.0410
grepafloxacin
grepafloxacin: structure in first source		2.9540fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
squalamine
squalamine: from dogfish shark Squalus acanthias; structure given in first source		2.0410bile acid
tetrandrine
tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity		2.0510bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
doripenem
Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.		3.6120carbapenems
atovaquone
Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.		4.2350hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
bendamustine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0710
rivastigmine
[no description available]		3.9130carbamate ester;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan
[no description available]		3.8630carbazoles
eletriptan
eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.		4.0840indoles;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfone		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		4.5570aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
tamiflu
[no description available]		2.0810phosphate salt
1-nitro-2-phenylethane
1-nitro-2-phenylethane: component of Aniba canelilla essential oil with antinociceptive activity; structure in first source		2.0510
bexarotene
[no description available]		3.6120benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent
s20098
[no description available]		3.8921acetamides
flunisolide
flunisolide: flunisolide HFA is a formulation of flunisolide using hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) as propellant in place of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ones		2.452011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
ketorolac tromethamine
Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.		2.0810organoammonium saltanalgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		4.85100macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
5-benzyloxytryptamine
[no description available]		2.110
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		7.732823-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
moexipril
[no description available]		3.5620peptide
gliquidone
gliquidone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0810isoquinolines
acetylsalicylic acid lysinate
acetylsalicylic acid lysinate: RN given refers to (L)-lysine, unspecified salicylate salt		3.3711
levobupivacaine
Levobupivacaine: S-enantiomer of bupivacaine that is used as a local anesthetic and for regional nerve blocks, including EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA.. levobupivacaine : The (S)-(-)-enantiomer of bupivacaine.		2.06101-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamideadrenergic antagonist;
amphiphile;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
local anaesthetic
mci 9038
[no description available]		3.5820peptide
lopinavir
[no description available]		3.1650amphetamines;
dicarboxylic acid diamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
glycylsarcosine
glycylsarcosine : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.		2.0610dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide
imidazoleacetic acid
imidazoleacetic acid: RN given refers to cpd without specific location of acetic acid attachment identified; structure. imidazol-5-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an imidazol-5-yl group.. imidazol-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an imidazol-4-yl group.		3.110imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		metabolite;
mouse metabolite
quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.0610
3-aminopropylphosphonic acid
3-aminopropylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. (3-aminopropyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus of phosphonic acid is substituted by a 3-aminopropyl group. It is a partial agonist of GABAB receptors.		3.110phosphonic acids;
primary amino compound;
zwitterion		GABAB receptor agonist
1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-aziridino-2-propanol
1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-aziridino-2-propanol: structure given in first source		1.9810
moxifloxacin hydrochloride
moxifloxacin hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of moxifloxacin and hydrogen chloride.		2.0810hydrochlorideantibacterial drug
phenglutarimide
phenglutarimide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0510piperidines
fulvestrant
Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.		3.612017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
mizoribine
[no description available]		2.0810imidazolesanticoronaviral agent
tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate
tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate: binds to GABA & ion recognition sites; structure given in first source		210organic thiophosphate
u 73122
1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.		2.1510aromatic ether;
aza-steroid;
maleimides		EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
vitamin b 6
Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.		3.411
imipenem, anhydrous
Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.		2.4520beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carbapenems;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug
sr141716
[no description available]		3.1450amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles		anti-obesity agent;
appetite depressant;
CB1 receptor antagonist
bosentan anhydrous
Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.		4.4260primary alcohol;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
ecgonine methyl ester
ecgonine methyl ester: major metabolite of cocaine; RN given refers to parent cpd (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer. ecgonine methyl ester : The O-debenzoyl analogue of cocaine.		2.0610methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		analgesic;
central nervous system depressant;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
opioid analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
sr 48968
SR 48968: structure given in first source; neurokinin A antagonist; tachykinin receptor antagonist; SR 48965 is the inactive R-enantiomer of SR 48968		1.9910
fluo-3
Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds		2.0710xanthene dyefluorochrome
selenomethionine
[no description available]		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
selenomethionine		plant metabolite
cyanates
Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).		2.0610
methyllycaconitine
methyllycaconitine: natural toxin from seeds of Delphinium brownii; parasympathomimetic and mild nicotine antagonist; antagonist of alpha-conotoxin-MII sensitive presynaptic nicotinic receptors; potent insecticide; RN refers to (1alpha,4(S),6beta,14alpha,16beta)-isomer		3.6730
indobufen
indobufen: thromboxane A2 antagonist		2.0610isoindoles
eudragit-e
Eudragit-E: a cationic polymer, used as a embolic material for arteriovenous malformations and as a taste masker		2.0310
7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one
7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one: structure given in first source; RP 68651 is the inactive (3aS,7aS)-isomer; substance P antagonist		1.9910
racecadotril
racecadotril: parenterally active enkephalinase inhibitor		2.4920N-acyl-amino acid
gr 127935
GR 127935: a 5-HT 1D receptor antagonist. GR 127935 : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid and the anilino group of 4-methoxy-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)aniline. Potent and selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.5 for both guinea pig 5-HT1D and rat 5-HT1B receptors). Displays > 100-fold selectivity over 5HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors and other receptor types. Centrally active following oral administration.		2.03101,2,4-oxadiazole;
benzamides;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
perindopril
Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline		3.5920alpha-amino acid ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
sr 95531
[no description available]		3.5320methoxybenzenes
asulacrine
asulacrine: derivative of amsacrine; structure given in first source		2.0410acridines
cl 218872
CL 218872: shows specific action on benzodiazepine receptors; structure		1.9810pyridazines;
ring assembly
hydroxycotinine
hydroxycotinine: metabolite of nicotine; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. trans-3-hydroxycotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is cotinine substituted at position C-3 by a hydroxy group (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		2.0410N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid
fk 888
FK 888: structure given in first source; a potent NK(1) receptor antagonist		2.3920peptide
fingolimod
fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.		2.0510aminodiol;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
CB1 receptor antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
6-chloro-2-(1-piperazinyl)pyrazine
[no description available]		2.3920N-arylpiperazine
quinaprilat
quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril. quinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.		2.4520dicarboxylic acid;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
ramosetron
[no description available]		13.934617indoles
5-methoxy 3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)1h indole
[no description available]		3.0710indoles
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydropyrazolo(4,3-c)quinoline-3(3h)-one
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydropyrazolo(4,3-c)quinoline-3(3H)-one: inhibits binding of benzodiazepine cpds to benzodiazepine receptors in the brain		1.9810
ml 9
[no description available]		2.1510
2-hydroxyimipramine
2-hydroxyimipramine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410dibenzoazepine
ecteinascidin 743
[no description available]		2.4520acetate ester;
azaspiro compound;
bridged compound;
hemiaminal;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
lactone;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
organic sulfide;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.		1.98102-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
hematologic agent;
vasodilator agent
zacopride
[no description available]		4.81330benzamides
ci 988
PD 134308: selective cholecystokinin type B receptor antagonist; inhibits growth of LoVo, a human colon cancer cell line; structure given in first source		1.9810
deoxyglucose
Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.		6.9710
tadalafil
[no description available]		3.6120benzodioxoles;
pyrazinopyridoindole		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
way 100135
WAY 100135: a selective antagonist at presynaptic & postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors; structure given in first source		340piperazines
2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine
2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine: cyclic methadone metabolite; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0210
paliperidone
3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.. paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia.		3.59201,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine;
secondary alcohol
nitisinone
[no description available]		3.5920(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
cyclohexanones;
mesotrione		EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
plavix
[no description available]		2.0810azaheterocycle sulfate salt;
organoammonium sulfate salt		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
marimastat
marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
clofarabine
[no description available]		3.8730adenosines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
elacridar
Elacridar: inhibitor of MDR1 PROTEIN; structure given in first source		2.0710
gr 113808
GR 113808: structure given in first source; a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist: GR 125487 is the HCl salt. GR 113808 : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 1-methylindole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of N-{2-[4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}methanesulfonamide.		3.81110indolyl carboxylate ester;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		serotonergic antagonist
ah 6809
6-isopropoxy-9-oxoxanthene-2-carboxylic acid: structure given in UD		2.1110xanthones
pramipexole
Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.		3.8730benzothiazoles;
diamine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
radical scavenger
renzapride
[no description available]		3.0850
mosapride
4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-({4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine.		3.1450aromatic ether;
benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound
valdecoxib
[no description available]		3.6120isoxazoles;
sulfonamide		antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
sb 204070a
SB 204070A: structure given in first source; a selective 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist		3.150
mitiglinide
mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
ym 022
YM 022: a potent and selective gastrin/cholecystokinin-B receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.0810
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		2.0510methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
almotriptan
almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.		3.5820indoles;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amine		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
tecastemizole
[no description available]		2.4320
mk 0663
[no description available]		2.7530bipyridines;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tazobactam
Tazobactam: A penicillanic acid and sulfone derivative and potent BETA-LACTAMASE inhibitor that enhances the activity of other anti-bacterial agents against beta-lactamase producing bacteria.. tazobactam : A member of the class of penicillanic acids that is sulbactam in which one of the exocyclic methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl group; used (in the form of its sodium salt) in combination with ceftolozane sulfate for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections.		6.9810penicillanic acids;
triazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
gefitinib
[no description available]		4.2650aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine
N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.		2.0510adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organoiodine compound		adenosine A3 receptor agonist
zk 91296
ZK 91296: structure in first source		1.9810
substance p (5-11), pglu(5)-mephe(8)-megly(9)-
[no description available]		1.9710
gr 65630
GR 65630: serotonin receptor ligand. GR 65630 : A member of the class of methylindoles that is 1-methylindole substituted at position 3 by a 3-(4-methylimidazol-5-yl)propanoyl group.		3.0850
cp 93129
3-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrid-4-yl)pyrrolo(3,2-b)pyrid-5-one: serotonin agonist; structure given in first source		2.0110pyrrolopyridine
desloratadine
desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.		3.9130benzocycloheptapyridineanti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist
desvenlafaxine
O-desmethylvenlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the drug venlafaxine.		3.2310cyclohexanols;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
rb 6145
RB 6145: structure given in first source; prodrug to RSU 1069; PD 144872 is the R-enantiomer of RB 6145		1.9810
methotrexate
[no description available]		11.724215dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
reboxetine
Reboxetine: A morpholine derivative that is a selective and potent noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor; it is used in the treatment of DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.		2.4110aromatic ether
cgp 361a
isamoltane: structure given in first source		2.1110
vb 20b7
2-(1-(4-piperonyl)piperazinyl)benzothiazole: a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and 5-HT4 receptor agonist; structure in first source		1.9810N-arylpiperazine
3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-4-hydroxy-n-(4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl)benzamide
3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl)benzamide: a 5-HT(1D) receptor antagonist; RN given refers to HCl salt		2.110
tamsulosin
[no description available]		3.86305-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamidealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
rufinamide
rufinamide: for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; structure in first source		3.2310aromatic amide;
heteroarene
antiprimod
azaspirane: structure given in first source		2.0510
dau 6285
[no description available]		2.6830
sulbactam
[no description available]		2.9640penicillanic acids
olmesartan medoxomil
Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.		4.140biphenyls
dau 6236
[no description available]		1.9910
(endo-n-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)oct-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-3-ethyl-2-oxo-1h-benzimidazol-1-carboxamide
(endo-N-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)oct-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-3-ethyl-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-1-carboxamide: potent agonist at the 5-HT(4) receptor positively coupled to adenylate cyclase in brain; structure given in first source		2.3920
dexpanthenol
dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid		3.2310amino alcohol;
monocarboxylic acid amide		cholinergic drug;
provitamin
fosamprenavir
fosamprenavir: a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. fosamprenavir : A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.		3.2310sulfonamideprodrug
safinamide
safinamide: short-acting inhibitor of MOA-B; FCE 26743 is (S)-isomer, FCE 28073 is (R)-isomer; structure in first source		7.2510amino acid amide
4-amino-1-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)piperidine hydrochloride
4-amino-1-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)piperidine hydrochloride: has high affinity and selectivity for 5-HT3 receptors; structure given in first source		2.5220
mci 225
MCI 225: a psychoactive cpd; enhances both noradrenergic and serotonergic function by inhibiting noradrenaline uptake and accelerating 5-hydroxytryptamine turnover, respectively		210
sc 53116
SC 53116: serotonin agonist; pyrrolizidine cpd but not alkaloid; structure given in first source		2.4120
ilomastat
CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
L-tryptophan derivative;
N-acyl-amino acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl n-acetyltryptophan
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl N-acetyltryptophan: structure given in first source; substance P and neurokinin receptor antagonist		2.0510
omega-n-methylarginine
omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.		1.9810amino acid zwitterion;
arginine derivative;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
ym 114
YM 114: a derivative of YM-060; a 5-HT(3) receptor anatagonist; structure in first source		2.940
abiraterone
[no description available]		2.08103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor
5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate
[no description available]		2.0710
febuxostat
Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.		3.61201,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
nitrile		EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
dilevalol
(R,R)-labetalol : A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.		2.04102-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
ici 170809
ICI 170809: structure given in first source		1.9910
escitalopram
Escitalopram: S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.. escitalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.		5.97501-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrileantidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
lexapro
Lexapro: Trade name of escitalopram, the active S-enantiomer of the racemic citalopram.		2.0810
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source. pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.		3.2310N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pteridines;
terminal acetylenic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
docetaxel
[no description available]		2.7330hydrate;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		6.441secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
irofulven
irofulven: structure in first source		2.0410cyclohexenones
atazanavir
atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).		3.8730carbohydrazideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
ym 872
YM 872: structure in first source		2.0410
tariquidar
[no description available]		7.2110benzamides
rs 42358-197
RS 42358-197: a 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor ligand; structure given in first source		1.9810
levofloxacin
Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.		4.931109-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe
Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).		4.140azetidines;
beta-lactam;
organofluorine compound		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite
ertapenem
Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.		3.5820carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial drug
dx 8951
[no description available]		2.0410pyranoindolizinoquinoline
cox 189
lumiracoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor. lumiracoxib : An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.		3.6120amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cilomilast
[no description available]		2.4520methoxybenzenes
conivaptan
conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).		3.8630benzazepineaquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
cariporide
cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510
tezosentan
tezosentan: structure in first source		2.4520
sabarubicin
sabarubicin: structure given in first source		2.0410
moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.		7.0791aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
pyrrolidinopiperidine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug
pralnacasan
pralnacasan: NSAID, ICE inhibitor & metastasis inhibitor; RN & structure in first source		3.2310
clevidipine
clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source		3.5820dihydropyridine
jtt 501
JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source		2.0510
solifenacin
[no description available]		3.8630isoquinolines
dexmethylphenidate
dexmethylphenidate : A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is the active enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.		3.2310methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetateadrenergic agent
pumosetrag
Pumosetrag: a 5-HT3 receptor agonist MKC-733 on upper gastrointestinal motility in human		2.0610
xamoterol
Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.		2.9540morpholines
desmethylastemizole
desmethylastemizole: astemizole metabolite in dog plasma; structure given in first source		2.4320benzimidazoles
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		4.7590methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
cinacalcet
cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
secondary amino compound		calcimimetic;
P450 inhibitor
lubiprostone
[no description available]		3.2310
telbivudine
[no description available]		3.6120pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
mdl 74156
hydrodolasetron: active metabolite of dolasetron		2.4620
cyc 202
seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.		2.05102,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
cannabidiolic acid
cannabidiolic acid: structure. cannabidiolic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is olivetolic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a 3-p-mentha-1,8-dien-3-yl (limonene) group.		7.4920dihydroxybenzoic acid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide;
resorcinols
ampelopsin
ampelopsin: hepatoprotective agent; isolated from Hovenia dulcis; RN given for (2R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source. (+)-dihydromyricetin : An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration.		2.2110dihydromyricetin;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
abanoquil
[no description available]		2.0410
paromomycin
Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		3.5920amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
anidulafungin
Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.		3.5820antibiotic antifungal drug;
azamacrocycle;
echinocandin;
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
semisynthetic derivative
avasimibe
[no description available]		2.0510monoterpenoid
17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate
17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS.		3.2310corticosteroid hormone
varenicline
Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.		9.140
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		2.0510biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fiduxosin
fiduxosin: fiduxosin (ABT-980) is the (3aR,9bR)-isomer; structure in first source		3.2310
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		15.28494
ly 97241
LY 97241: clofilium analog; blocks heart potassium channels; structure given in first source		2.0610
ropivacaine
Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.		12.5764piperidinecarboxamide;
ropivacaine		local anaesthetic
sb 203580
[no description available]		2.0610imidazoles;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
erlotinib
[no description available]		3.620aromatic ether;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
protein kinase inhibitor
piboserod
Serotonin 5-HT4 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT4 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS.		4.0540
antalarmin
antalarmin : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, and 6, by a mesityl group at position 7, and in which the amino substituent at position 4 has been substituted by ethyl and butyl groups. It is an antagonist of corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF-1) receptors (Ki = 1 nM).		2.0310pyrrolopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound		corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist
asimadoline
asimadoline: structure in first source		1.9910
esketamine
esketamine : The S- (more active) enantiomer of ketamine.		3.9911ketamineanalgesic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
NMDA receptor antagonist
melagatran
[no description available]		2.7430azetidines;
carboxamidine;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
secondary amino compound		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
serine protease inhibitor
emd 60263
EMD 60263: a thiadiazinone derivative; a Ca+2 sensitizer devoid of any phosphorodiesterase inhibiting properties; EMD 60264 is an enantiomer of EMD 60263; structure given in second source		2.0610
etravirine
[no description available]		3.2310aminopyrimidine;
aromatic ether;
dinitrile;
organobromine compound		antiviral agent;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
rs 127445
2-amino-4-(4-fluoronaphth-1-yl)-6-isopropylpyrimidine: a 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonist; structure in first source		2.0310
troleandomycin
Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		2.0510acetate ester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyketide;
semisynthetic derivative		EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor;
xenobiotic
maropitant
maropitant: neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist for treatment and prevention of emesis		6.4743
dronedarone
Dronedarone: A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.. dronedarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		3.59201-benzofurans;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
tesaglitazar
tesaglitazar: structure in first source		2.4520
ramelteon
ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist		8.8930indanes
lapatinib
[no description available]		3.5920furans;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
fk 1052
FK 1052: a serotonin 3 & 4 dual receptor antagonist; structure given in first source. fabesetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 8,9-dihydropyrido[1,2-a]indol-6(7H)-one substituted by a (5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl group at position 7R and a methyl group at position 10. It is a dual 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors antagonist whose clinical development was terminated in phase II. It was being developed for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced emesis and irritable bowel syndrome.		1.9910imidazoles;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antiemetic;
serotonergic antagonist
darunavir
Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.		3.2310carbamate ester;
furofuran;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
deferasirox
Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.		3.8730benzoic acids;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
triazoles		iron chelator
bms204352
BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source		2.7530
fosfluconazole
fosfluconazole: prodrug of fluconazole		2.0410conazole antifungal drug;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		prodrug
dabigatran
Dabigatran: A THROMBIN inhibitor which acts by binding and blocking thrombogenic activity and the prevention of thrombus formation. It is used to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic EMBOLISM in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.. dabigatran : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{[(4-carbamimidoylphenyl)amino]methyl}-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid with the secondary amoino group of N-pyridin-2-yl-beta-alanine. The active metabolite of the prodrug dabigatran etexilate, it acts as an anticoagulant which is used for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism.		2.0810aromatic amide;
benzimidazoles;
beta-alanine derivative;
carboxamidine;
pyridines		anticoagulant;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
tbc-11251
sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source		3.8730benzodioxoles
tolvaptan
[no description available]		3.6120benzazepine;
benzenedicarboxamide		aquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
sorafenib
[no description available]		3.5920(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lenalidomide
[no description available]		3.6120aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator
regadenoson
[no description available]		3.2310purine nucleoside
lacosamide
Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.		3.6120N-acyl-amino acid
cp 101,606
traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source		2.0410
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		2.071012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer
Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.		2.05103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
C29-steroid;
phytosterols;
stigmastane sterol		anticholesteremic drug;
antioxidant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
estradiol 3-benzoate
17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.		2.021017beta-hydroxy steroid;
benzoate ester		estrogen receptor agonist;
xenoestrogen
cortisone
[no description available]		2.482011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
vincaleukoblastine
[no description available]		3.8730acetate ester;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite
vincristine sulfate
[no description available]		2.0810organic sulfate saltantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		2.940
benzarone
benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure		3.59201-benzofurans
nsc-89199
estramustine phosphate : A steroid phosphate which is the 17-O-phospho derivative of estramustine.		2.4520carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid phosphate
estramustine
Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.		4.57017beta-hydroxy steroid;
carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
radiation protective agent
phenethicillin
phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.		2.0410penicillin allergen;
penicillin
noscapine
Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.		2.4720aromatic ether;
benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
cyclic acetal;
isobenzofuranone;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antitussive;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
homoharringtonine
Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.		2.0510alkaloid ester;
enol ether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
protein synthesis inhibitor
acivicin
[no description available]		2.0410isoxazoles;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		antileishmanial agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist;
metabolite
wortmannin
[no description available]		2.4720acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination
Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.		2.1710
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol
O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.		2.0510carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor;
retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
taurochenodeoxycholic acid
Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.		2.0710bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
bortezomib
[no description available]		4.0840amino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		4.871001,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
nexavar
[no description available]		2.0510organosulfonate salt
carboplatin
[no description available]		10.643121
rimiterol
rimiterol: was heading 1977-94 (see under CATECHOLS 1977-90); use CATECHOLS to search RIMITEROL 1977-94; predominantly a beta 2 stimulant, therefore affects the cardiovascular system less than isoproterenol, but its action is of shorter duration than that of albuterol		2.4320catechols
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		3.91120inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
bradykinin
[no description available]		1.9910oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		2.7430D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
naringenin
(S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.		2.0710(2S)-flavan-4-one;
naringenin		expectorant;
plant metabolite
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		3.5420heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		2.964011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
salicin
[no description available]		210aromatic primary alcohol;
aryl beta-D-glucoside;
benzyl alcohols		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		3.8530coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
taurolithocholic acid
Taurolithocholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurolithocholic acid : The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid.		2.0710bile acid taurine conjugate;
monocarboxylic acid amide		human metabolite
nitroarginine
Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.		1.9910guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
N-nitro compound;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
strychnine
Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.		3.7930monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		avicide;
cholinergic antagonist;
glycine receptor antagonist;
neurotransmitter agent;
rodenticide
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		5.49200cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		4.2550alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
griseofulvin
Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.		4.07401-benzofurans;
antibiotic antifungal drug;
benzofuran antifungal drug;
organochlorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antibacterial agent;
Penicillium metabolite
cefoxitin
Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.		3.8430beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
cephamycin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
digitoxin
Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.		2.9640cardenolide glycosideEC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
saquinavir
Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.		4.86100L-asparagine derivative;
quinolines		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
pentazocine
Pentazocine: The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)		8.4311benzazocine
pancuronium
Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.		3.8530acetate ester;
steroid ester		cholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
rocuronium
Rocuronium: An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.. rocuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.		7.09543alpha-hydroxy steroid;
acetate ester;
androstane;
morpholines;
quaternary ammonium ion;
tertiary amino compound		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		3.58202,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
netilmicin
Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.		2.7330
trimethaphan camsylate
trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan.		2.0510
perindopril erbumine
[no description available]		2.0810addition compoundantihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
miglitol
[no description available]		4.0840piperidines
metyrosine
alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine : An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma.		3.5620L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor
rocuronium bromide
rocuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.		2.4520organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
mefloquine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0110
erythromycin estolate
Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.		2.4620aminoglycoside sulfate salt;
erythromycin derivative		enzyme inhibitor
terconazole
terconazole: structure & RN for (cis)-isomer from first source. terconazole : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (2R,4S)- and (2S,4R)-terconazole. It has broad-spectrum antifungal activitiy and is used for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections (Candida).. (2R,4S)-terconazole : A 1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine in which positions 2 and 4 of the 1,3-dioxolane moiety have R and S configuration, respectively.		2.02101-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine
bacampicillin
bacampicillin: ester prodrug that is hydrolyzed to ampicillin after its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bacampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a semi-synthetic, microbiologically inactive prodrug of ampicillin.		2.0210penicillanic acid esterprodrug
linezolid
[no description available]		4.0840acetamides;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
oxazolidinone		antibacterial drug;
protein synthesis inhibitor
naringin
[no description available]		2.0710(2S)-flavan-4-one;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
neohesperidoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
gingerol
gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger.		7.2110beta-hydroxy ketone;
guaiacols		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
cyclopamine
[no description available]		2.0510piperidinesglioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
devazepide
Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.		2.72301,4-benzodiazepinone;
indolecarboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
gastrointestinal drug
clindamycin phosphate
[no description available]		3.2310
pemirolast potassium salt
[no description available]		2.0810
eplerenone
Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		3.61203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
epoxy steroid;
gamma-lactone;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid acid ester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
tolterodine
[no description available]		4.2550tertiary amineantispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant
doxorubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510anthracycline
dironyl
dironyl: pronounced antifertility agent in rats; lactation suppressor in other species; serotonin antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.520organic molecular entity
erythromycin ethylsuccinate
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.		2.4420cyclic ketone;
erythromycin derivative;
ethyl ester;
succinate ester
amcinonide
amcinonide: structure		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
spiroketal		anti-inflammatory drug
betamethasone acetate
[no description available]		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
fluorinated steroid;
steroid ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
ao 128
AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source		2.4720organic molecular entity
sultamicillin
sultamicillin: contains ampicillin & sulbactam		2.0210penicillanic acid ester
loteprednol etabonate
Loteprednol Etabonate: An androstadiene derivative corticosteroid that is used as an ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic eye conditions.		2.081011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
etabonate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid acid ester;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
darifenacin
darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.		3.58201-benzofurans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidines		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
fluticasone propionate
fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester;
thioester		adrenergic agent;
anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
dermatologic drug
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		2.9640cyclodextrin
acarbose
[no description available]		3.360amino cyclitol;
glycoside
trichostatin a
trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES		2.0710antibiotic antifungal agent;
hydroxamic acid;
trichostatin		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		4.2450retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		2.1710icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		3.5920retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.		2.0510D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
docosahexaenoate
efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.		2.0510docosahexaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		2.9540octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		4.2650macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
cerivastatin
cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		3.3160dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pyridines;
statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin
rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		4.2650dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidines;
statin (synthetic);
sulfonamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antilipemic drug;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		8.24331benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		2.0510icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		3.85302-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
tetragastrin
Tetragastrin: L-Tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide. The C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin.. tetragastrin : A tetrapeptide composed of L-tryptophan, L-methione, L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence.		4.3522peptidyl amide;
tetrapeptide		anxiogenic;
human metabolite
mupirocin
Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.		2.4520alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester;
epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid;
oxanes;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		4.460
fosfomycin
Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.		4.460epoxide;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		4.4160macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
drf 2725
ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma		2.0510
y 27632
Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.		2.1510aromatic amide
diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.		2.4720olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
bms 214662
7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine: a farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source. BMS-214662 : A member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors.		2.0410benzenes;
benzodiazepine;
imidazoles;
nitrile;
sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
octreotide
[no description available]		3.2310
eptifibatide
[no description available]		3.5820homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
organic disulfide		anticoagulant;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
alitretinoin
Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.		2.0510retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
metabolite;
retinoid X receptor agonist
gs 4071
GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.		2.4520acetate ester;
amino acid;
cyclohexenecarboxylic acid;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
decitabine
[no description available]		4.08402'-deoxyribonucleoside
sm 8668
Sch 39304: Sch 42427 is the active entantiomer of the antifungal agent Sch 39304 which consists of Sch 42426 & Sch 42427; Sch 42426, the (S,S)-isomer, is inactive		2.4520
teniposide
[no description available]		4.2550aromatic ether;
beta-D-glucoside;
cyclic acetal;
furonaphthodioxole;
gamma-lactone;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
troxacitabine
troxacitabine: shows good anti-HIV activity without cytotoxicity		2.0410carbohydrate derivative;
nucleobase-containing molecular entity
kt 5720
KT 5720: indolocarbazole; synthetic derivative of K 252a. KT 5720 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of hexyl (3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2R,3S,5S product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.		2.1110carboxylic ester;
gamma-lactam;
hemiaminal;
indolocarbazole;
organic heterooctacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
tertiary alcohol		EC 2.7.11.11 (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
valrubicin
[no description available]		2.0810anthracycline;
trifluoroacetamide
cefamandole
Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.		2.7330cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		3.8530actinomycinmutagen
tiazofurin
tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).		2.45201,3-thiazoles;
C-glycosyl compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
prodrug
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		15.17147L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
sitafloxacin
[no description available]		2.4520fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		4.0840nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
posaconazole
[no description available]		3.6120aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxolanes;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		trypanocidal drug
dibekacin
Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.		2.0410kanamycinsantibacterial agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
rubitecan
rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.		2.4720C-nitro compound;
delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
semisynthetic derivative;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
micafungin
Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.		3.8630antibiotic antifungal drug;
echinocandin		antiinfective agent
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		3.8430flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
sodium bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.		4.0340one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antacid;
food anticaking agent
sodium acetate, anhydrous
Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.		2.0510organic sodium saltNMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate
Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.		2.0510organic sodium saltalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
arsenic trioxide
Tetraarsenic Oxide: A form of As2O3 that exists as As4O6 in the solid state. It dissociates to As2O3 upon heating to the vapor phase above 800 degrees Celsius.		3.2310arsenic oxideantineoplastic agent;
insecticide
dipyrone
Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.		5.1252organic sodium saltanti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
ditiocarb sodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		1.99102-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
artemisin
[no description available]		2.0610
sch 22219
alclometasone dipropionate : A prednisolone compound having an alpha-chloro substituent at the 7-position, an alpha-methyl substituent at the 16-position and O-propanoyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
sr 90107
fondaparinux sodium : An organic sodium salt, being the decasodium salt of fondaparinux.		3.2310
carbenoxolone
[no description available]		2.0510
meglumine iodipamide
[no description available]		3.2310organoammonium saltradioopaque medium
tropacocaine
tropacocaine: RN given refers to (exo)-isomer; structure		2.6730
thyrotropin-releasing hormone
PR 546: no other info available 9/89. protirelin : A tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutamyl, L-histidyl and L-prolinamide residues joined in sequence.		3.2310peptide hormone;
tripeptide		human metabolite
discodermolide
[no description available]		2.0510diterpenoid
cannabidiol
Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.		7.4420olefinic compound;
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols		antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite
buprenorphine
Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.		5.2731morphinane alkaloiddelta-opioid receptor antagonist;
kappa-opioid receptor antagonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
lypressin
Lypressin: The porcine antidiuretic hormone (VASOPRESSINS). It is a cyclic nonapeptide that differs from ARG-VASOPRESSIN by one amino acid, containing a LYSINE at residue 8 instead of an ARGININE. Lys-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.		1.9810cyclic peptide
arginine vasopressin
Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.		6.0381vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen
s 1033
[no description available]		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
imidazoles;
pyridines;
pyrimidines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
mezlocillin
Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		2.4320penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
trilostane
trilostane: inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone; adrenal blocking agent used in treatment of Cushing's syndrome. trilostane : An epoxy steroid that is 3,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile in which the oxygen of the epoxy group is joined to the 4alpha and 5 alpha positions.		2.081017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
epoxy steroid;
nitrile		abortifacient;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.210 [3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase] inhibitor
methylatropine
methylatropine: RN given refers to endo-(+-)-isomer; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3766		2.4820
cholinophyllin
[no description available]		2.0210
tropisetron hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.6730
tropisetron
Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.		17.0915735indolyl carboxylic acid
leuprolide acetate
leuprolide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining the nonapeptide leuprolide with acetic acid. A long lasting GnRH analog, LH-Rh agonist. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		2.0810acetate saltantineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
leuprolide
Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		3.5220oligopeptideanti-estrogen;
antineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
fludarabine
[no description available]		2.4320purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		5.37100pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
ipratropium bromide anhydrous
[no description available]		2.0210
prothionamide
Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.		2.0510pyridines
chlorprothixene
Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.		2.4620chlorprothixene
etomidate
Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.		4.0640ethyl ester;
imidazoles		intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		6.0281aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
bemesetron
[no description available]		6360
levosulpiride
(S)-(-)-sulpiride : An optically active form of sulpiride having (S)-configuration. The active enantiomer of the racemic drug sulpiride. Selective D2-like dopamine antagonist (Ki values are ~ 0.015. ~ 0.013, 1, ~ 45 and ~ 77 muM at D2, D3, D4, D1 and D5 receptors respectively).		2.0810sulpirideantidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
pyrantel
Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.		3.23101,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines;
carboxamidine;
thiophenes		antinematodal drug
cotinine
Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.		2.4520N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid		antidepressant;
biomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
thiothixene
[no description available]		3.5620N-methylpiperazineanticoronaviral agent
eszopiclone
Eszopiclone: A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.. eszopiclone : The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.		3.6120zopiclonecentral nervous system depressant;
sedative
hc 030031
2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purin-7-yl)-N-(4-isopropylphenyl)acetamide: a TRPA1 channel blocker		2.7930
benztropine
Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.		3.5620diarylmethane
nootkatone
nootkatone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source. (+)-nootkatone : A sesquiterpenoid that is 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4 and 4a, and by an isopropenyl group at position 6 (the 4R,4aS,6R stereoisomer).		2.0710carbobicyclic compound;
enone;
sesquiterpenoid		fragrance;
insect repellent;
plant metabolite
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		4.94601,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
cinnarizine
Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.		2.7330diarylmethane;
N-alkylpiperazine;
olefinic compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
sulindac
Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.		4.6680monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		10.27160capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
enclomiphene
Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.		2.0210
zuclomiphene
Zuclomiphene: The cis or (Z)-isomer of clomiphene.		2.0610stilbenoid
levocetirizine
[no description available]		4.5511diarylmethane
terbinafine
[no description available]		4.2350acetylenic compound;
allylamine antifungal drug;
enyne;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
epalrestat
epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid;
thiazolidines		EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
drotaverin
drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.9740isoquinolines
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		3.85302-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
tacrine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510
sodium propionate
sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.		2.0510organic sodium saltantifungal drug;
food preservative
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		8.37110cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
succimer
Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.		3.5620dicarboxylic acid;
dithiol;
sulfur-containing carboxylic acid		chelator
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		5.2790cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
streptozocin
[no description available]		3.8530
capsazepine
capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.		2.9840benzazepine;
catechols;
monochlorobenzenes;
thioureas		capsaicin receptor antagonist
tamoxifen
[no description available]		6.47131stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin
[no description available]		1.9810
sodium taurodeoxycholate
Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid.		2.0710bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite
ethionamide
Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.		3.8530pyridines;
thiocarboxamide		antilipemic drug;
antitubercular agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor;
leprostatic drug;
prodrug
cancidas
[no description available]		3.5820
fusidic acid
Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.		2.964011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid;
steroid antibiotic;
sterol ester		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
lincomycin
Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.		3.8630carbohydrate-containing antibiotic;
L-proline derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
S-glycosyl compound		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
valinomycin
Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.		2.4720cyclodepsipeptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
antiviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
thiopental
Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		11.9364barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative;
xenobiotic
estrone sulfate
estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.472017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ranitidine
Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.		9.34143C-nitro compound;
furans;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
H2-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
aplaviroc
aplaviroc: a spiro-diketo-piperazine; a potent noncompetitive allosteric antagonist of the CCR5 receptor with concomitantly potent antiviral effects for HIV-1; structure in first source		3.2310
hmr 3647
[no description available]		4.2650
latoconazole
latoconazole: RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation; latoconazole is (E)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug
maraviroc
[no description available]		3.8930tropane alkaloid
toremifene citrate
[no description available]		2.0810stilbenoidanticoronaviral agent
toremifene
Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.		3.8630aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amine		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
telaprevir
[no description available]		2.0510cyclopentapyrrole;
cyclopropanes;
oligopeptide;
pyrazines		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
nelarabine
nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).		3.8730beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
prodrug
pica
Pica: The persistent eating of non-nutritive substances for a period of at least one month.		3.74100
glycylproline
Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.		2.0710dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
2-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine
[no description available]		2.7430aromatic ether
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		3.150alkali metal atom
dermatan sulfate
Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.		3.2310amino disaccharide;
glycosylgalactose derivative;
iduronic acids;
oligosaccharide sulfate
dezocine
dezocine: potent analgesic; RN given refers to ((5R-(5alpha,11alpha,13S*)))-isomer (dezocin); structure. dezocine : (7S,8S)-7-Amino-8-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol in which the hydrogen at position 8 and one of the hydrogens at position 6 are substituted by each end of a tetramethylene bridge. A synthetic opioid analgesic, it has mixed opiod agonist and antagonist properties. Although it is used for pain management, it can produce opioid withdrawal syndrome in patients already dependent on other opioids, and its clinical application is limited by side effects such as dizziness.		2.0210phenols;
primary amino compound		opioid analgesic
dapiprazole
[no description available]		2.0210N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
miotic;
ophthalmology drug
nizatidine
Nizatidine: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist with low toxicity that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The drug is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers.. nizatidine : A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.		210
droloxifene
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
raclopride
Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.		2.4320salicylamides
dolasetron
[no description available]		14.345418indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259
[no description available]		2.4520hydrazone;
nitrile;
pyridazinone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-diphenyl-1-butene
1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-diphenyl-1-butene: structure given in first source		1.9810stilbenoid
gestodene
Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer		2.7530steroidestrogen
orlistat
Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.		3.8730beta-lactone;
carboxylic ester;
formamides;
L-leucine derivative		anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
idoxifene
idoxifene: structure given in first source		2.0510stilbenoid
quinine
[no description available]		7.23111cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
zofenoprilate
zofenoprilate: RN given refers to ((1(R*),2alpha,4alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 9/90. zofenoprilat : A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. The active metabolite of zofenopril.		210aryl sulfide;
L-proline derivative;
N-acyl-L-amino acid;
thiol		anticonvulsant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
glycodeoxycholic acid
Glycodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.		2.0710bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
glyceryl nonivamide
N-(4-O-glycerol-3-methoxybenzyl)nonivamide: structure given in first source		2.0610
sch 23390
SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist. SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8.		2.2110benzazepine
isepamicin
[no description available]		2.0410
ifetroban
ifetroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane derivative		2.0410benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
lamifiban
lamifiban: a nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist; prevents platelet loss during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass		2.0410N-acylglycine
fospropofol
[no description available]		3.2310alkylbenzene
azilect
[no description available]		2.0810
rasagiline
[no description available]		3.2310indanes;
secondary amine;
terminal acetylenic compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
dasatinib
N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).		3.61201,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
zd 6474
CH 331: structure in first source		2.0510aromatic ether;
organobromine compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines;
secondary amine		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
telavancin
telavancin: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. telavancin : A glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria.		2.0410glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
silybin
[no description available]		2.0510
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline: structure given in first source; neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia; AMPA receptor antagonist		2.4220naphthalenes;
sulfonic acid derivative
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		2.4220
sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.		2.1710organic sodium saltdetergent;
protein denaturant
chloramine-t
chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.		2.0510organic sodium saltallergen;
antifouling biocide;
disinfectant
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione
6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.		2.9240quinoxaline derivative
zinc protoporphyrin ix
[no description available]		210
sitagliptin
sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		4.2650triazolopyrazine;
trifluorobenzene		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
hypoglycemic agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flosequinan
[no description available]		2.4420quinolines
tolcapone
Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.		4.42602-nitrophenols;
benzophenones;
catechols		antiparkinson drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
quercetin
[no description available]		2.98407-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		2.9740prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		2.4320monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		4.0840D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		2.0510carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
alprostadil
[no description available]		2.7430prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2
Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.		3.6120hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-ergostane;
vitamin D		bone density conservation agent;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
rodenticide
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		2.4920D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
leukotriene d4
Leukotriene D4: One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene D4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R).		1.9810dipeptide;
leukotriene;
organic sulfide		bronchoconstrictor agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
genistein
[no description available]		2.07107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		4.0740antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid
Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.		2.7430oxapenamantibacterial drug;
anxiolytic drug;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort
Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.		4.668011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic acetal;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
drug allergen
oxymetholone
Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.		3.8730
eprosartan
eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.		4.2650dicarboxylic acid;
imidazoles;
thiophenes		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
montelukast
montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		5.0870aliphatic sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium
Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.		5.2131isoquinolines
brompheniramine maleate
brompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		2.0810maleate saltanti-allergic agent
dexchlorpheniramine maleate
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
olopatadine
[no description available]		2.4420
hemabate
carboprost tromethamine : The tromethamine salt of carboprost. It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.		3.2310
mycophenolate mofetil
mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		3.8730carboxylic ester;
ether;
gamma-lactone;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
bw b1090u
[no description available]		2.0210isoquinolines
entacapone
entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.		4.26502-nitrophenols;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol
[no description available]		3.8630hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane		antiparathyroid drug
astaxanthine
astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.		2.0510carotenol;
carotenone		animal metabolite;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
food colouring;
plant metabolite
humulene
humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.		3.0240alpha-humulene
diosmin
[no description available]		2.0510dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone;
rutinoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant
morin
morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.		2.07107-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
coumestrol
Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.		2.0710coumestans;
delta-lactone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
daidzein
[no description available]		2.07107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
cynarine
cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent		2.0510alkyl caffeate ester;
quinic acid		plant metabolite
flupenthixol
cis-flupenthixol : A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration.		2.4620flupenthixoldopaminergic antagonist
sdz psc 833
valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215		2.7530homodetic cyclic peptide
estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide
17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid : A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 17 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.07103-hydroxy steroid;
steroid glucosiduronic acid
l 660,711
[no description available]		2.7630quinolines
coenzyme q10
coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.		2.0510ubiquinonesantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite
anandamide
anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.		2.0410endocannabinoid;
N-acylethanolamine 20:4		human blood serum metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
sorivudine
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
travoprost
Travoprost: A cloprostenol derivative that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.. travoprost : The isopropyl ester of prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of travoprost are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. It is a pro-drug; the isopropyl ester group is hydrolysed by esterases in the cornea to the biologically active free acid, fluprostenol.		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
ophthalmology drug;
prodrug;
prostaglandin receptor agonist
tranilast
tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.		2.4720amidobenzoic acid;
cinnamamides;
dimethoxybenzene;
secondary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
calcium channel blocker;
hepatoprotective agent;
nephroprotective agent
7432 s
Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.		3.5620cephalosporin;
dicarboxylic acid		antibacterial drug
imipenem
[no description available]		2.0810carbapenems
etretinate
retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.		2.7430enoate ester;
ethyl ester;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
isotretinoin
Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.		4.0840retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
teratogenic agent
misoprostol
Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.		2.4420
ketotifen fumarate
ketotifen fumarate : An organoammonium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of ketotifen(1+) and fumarate(1-) ions. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is a non-bronchodilator anti-asthmatic drug.		2.0810organoammonium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
epoprostenol
[no description available]		3.5620prostaglandins Imouse metabolite
indocyanine green
[no description available]		3.58201,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
dinoprost tromethamine
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
ozagrel
ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer		2.0510cinnamic acids
triprolidine
Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.		3.5820N-alkylpyrrolidine;
olefinic compound;
pyridines		H1-receptor antagonist
pitavastatin
pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.		3.8730cyclopropanes;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolines;
statin (synthetic)		antioxidant
rosuvastatin calcium
S 4522: structure in first source		2.0810N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine-1-phosphoethanolamine;
organic calcium salt		anti-inflammatory agent;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor
zinostatin
Zinostatin: An enediyne that alkylates DNA and RNA like MITOMYCIN does, so it is cytotoxic.		210
terbinafine hydrochloride
terbinafine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of terbinafine with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.		2.0810allylamine antifungal drug;
hydrochloride		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
ethamolin
monoethanolamine oleate: used for treatment of pyogenic granuloma		3.2310long-chain fatty acid
betamethasone benzoate
[no description available]		2.021021-hydroxy steroid
alatrofloxacin mesylate
[no description available]		3.5920
oleylamide
oleylamide: plastic additive; can cause contact urticaria; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer; a sleep inducing factor. aliphatic amide : A carboxamide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an aliphatic system.. oleamide : A fatty amide derived from oleic acid.		3.110primary fatty amidehuman metabolite;
plant metabolite
codeine
[no description available]		7.72112morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
cyclosporine
ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF		4.7790homodetic cyclic peptideanti-asthmatic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antirheumatic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
dermatologic drug;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
phenylephrine hydrochloride
Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.		2.0110hydrochloride
natamycin
[no description available]		2.4720antibiotic antifungal drug;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyene antibiotic		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
ophthalmology drug
acitretin
Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.		3.8730acitretin;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
acrivastine
acrivastine: a second generation antihistamine. acrivastine : A member of the class of pyridines that is (pyridin-2-yl)acrylic acid substituted at position 6 by a [(1E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a non-sedating antihistamine used for treatment of hayfever, urticaria, and rhinitis.		2.7330alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
olefinic compound;
pyridines		H1-receptor antagonist
cyproterone
Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.		2.041017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		androgen antagonist
dihydrocodeine
dihydrocodeine: RN refers to parent cpd(5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		3.5220morphinane alkaloid
dorzolamide
dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.0210sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
dothiepin
[no description available]		2.0510dothiepin
estropipate
estropipate: used therapeutically in menopausal patients		3.2310piperazinium salt;
steroid sulfate
granisetron
Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.		19.8524880aromatic amide;
indazoles
hydrocodone
Hydrocodone: Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant.. hydrocodone : A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine.		2.110morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
hydromorphone
Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.		5.9371morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
levetiracetam
Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.		4.8150pyrrolidin-2-onesanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ly 163892
loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.		4.0740carbacephem;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
nabilone
nabilone: cannabinol deriv; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.2310
nalmefene
nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer		4.0840morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine
Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.		2.0510morphinane alkaloid
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		11.07393morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone
Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.		14.67115organic heteropentacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
oxymorphone
Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)		3.5920morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1
Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.		3.2310phylloquinones;
vitamin K		cofactor;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
proscillaridin
Proscillaridin: A cardiotonic glycoside isolated from Scilla maritima var. alba (Squill).		2.0610organic molecular entity
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		3.8630antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
topiramate
Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.		9.11190cyclic ketal;
ketohexose derivative;
sulfamate ester		anticonvulsant;
sodium channel blocker
trospium chloride
trospium chloride : An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		3.2310
alvocidib
alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.		2.4520dihydroxyflavone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
seocalcitol
seocalcitol: structure given in first source		2.0510
fenretinide
Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid amide;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant
geldanamycin
[no description available]		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
cysteine protease inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor
calcipotriene
[no description available]		2.0210cyclopropanes;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antipsoriatic;
drug allergen
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		17.2511352morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
demycarosylturimycin h
[no description available]		2.4720
ar-r 17779
AR-R 17779: structure in first source		2.0210
4-aminocrotonic acid
[no description available]		3.110
acipimox
acipimox: lipolysis inhibitor		2.0810pyrazinecarboxylic acid
atosiban
[no description available]		2.0810oligopeptide
benzphetamine
Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.		3.2310amphetamines;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
appetite depressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
sympathomimetic agent
beta-funaltrexamine
beta-funaltrexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd(E)-isomer; structure given in first source		210morphinane alkaloid
bimatoprost
Bimatoprost: A cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid amideantiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent
(endo-n-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo-(3.2.1)oct-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-3-isopropyl-2-oxo-1h-benzimidazol-1-carboxamide
(endo-N-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo-(3.2.1)oct-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-3-isopropyl-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-1-carboxamide: potent agonist at the 5-HT(4) receptor positively coupled to adenylate cyclase in brain; structure given in first source		2.420
cicaprost
cicaprost: RN given refers to (3aS-(2E,3aalpha,4alpha(3R*,4R*),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer		2.0410monoterpenoid
clobetasol
Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
SMO receptor agonist
cp 99994
3-(2-methoxybenzylamino)-2-phenylpiperidine: selective NK(1) receptor antagonist; CP-100263 is the inactive enantiomer		3.470
denopamine
denopamine: structure given in first source		2.0410dimethoxybenzene
deamino arginine vasopressin
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptidediagnostic agent;
renal agent;
vasopressin receptor agonist
dexmedetomidine
[no description available]		8.0774medetomidinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sedative
fluticasone
Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
thioester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug
goserelin
Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.		3.2310organic molecular entity
halobetasol
halobetasol: used in ointment to treat psoriasis; Ulobetasol cream contains 0.05% 6-fluoroclobetasol 17-propionate		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
iloprost
Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.		7.7230carbobicyclic compound;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol		platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
latanoprost
Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.4520isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha;
triol		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
prodrug
mdl 100907
Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes.		2.4820
nalbuphine
Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.		8.6994organic heteropentacyclic compoundmu-opioid receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
nateglinide
Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		4.0840phenylalanine derivative
rimexolone
[no description available]		2.021020-oxo steroid
vinorelbine
[no description available]		4.0640acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
ring assembly;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
zuclopenthixol
zuclopenthixol : The (Z)-isomer of clopenthixol.		210clopenthixolalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
silodosin
silodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source		3.2310indolecarboxamide
furazolidone
[no description available]		2.0510
fluvoxamine
Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.		7.04141(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
semaxinib
semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.		2.0510olefinic compound;
oxindoles;
pyrroles		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
orantinib
orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.		2.0510
su 11248
[no description available]		3.2310monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
romidepsin
depsipeptide : A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.		2.0410cyclodepsipeptide;
heterocyclic antibiotic;
organic disulfide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.		4.85100dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
indoles;
organofluorine compound
molsidomine
[no description available]		2.4720ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
oxiconazole
oxiconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer; structure given in first source. oxiconazole : An oxime O-ether that is the 2,4-dichlorobenzyl ether of the oxime obtained by formal condensation of hydroxylamine with the carbonyl group of acetopnenone in which the phenyl group is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 4, and in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a 1H-imidazol-1-yl group. An antifungal agent, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) in creams and powders for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.		2.0210conazole antifungal drug;
dichlorobenzene;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
oxime O-ether		antiinfective agent
barium
Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.		1.9910alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental barium
levorphanol
Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.		3.2310morphinane alkaloid
bismuth
Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.		1.9910metal atom;
pnictogen
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		13.11345cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide
morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		4.0831morphinane alkaloid
dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.		8826-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthreneantitussive;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
oneirogen;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
butorphanol
Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.		4.4160morphinane alkaloidantitussive;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
cefodizime
cefodizime: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefodizime : A cephalosporin compound having 5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.04101,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
methylnaltrexone
methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer		2.7330phenanthrenes
cefixime
[no description available]		4.5470cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
lisinopril
Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.85100dipeptideEC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril
benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.		3.5620benzazepine;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
lactam		EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
ramipril
Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.		4.0840azabicycloalkane;
cyclopentapyrrole;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester		bradykinin receptor B2 agonist;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor;
prodrug
verteporfin
(2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.		3.2310
indinavir sulfate
Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.		4.86100dicarboxylic acid diamide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
piperazinecarboxamide		HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		9.1331chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
methylazoxymethanol acetate
Methylazoxymethanol Acetate: The aglycone of CYCASIN. It acts as a potent carcinogen and neurotoxin and inhibits hepatic DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis.		2.0310azoxy compound
zimeldine
Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)		3.5220styrenes
veratrine
Veratrine: A voltage-gated sodium channel activator.		1.9810alkaloid
enalapril maleate
enalapril maleate : The maleic acid salt of enalapril. It contains one molecule of maleic acid for each molecule of enalapril. Following oral administration, the ethyl ester group of enalapril is hydrolysed to afford the corresponding carboxylic acid, enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalapril is thus a prodrug for enalaprilat (which, unlike enalapril, is not absorbed by mouth), and its maleate is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients.		2.0810maleate saltantihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
enalapril
Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).		4.6680dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
prodrug
nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.		2.0510
trientine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.2310
n-methylscopolamine bromide
scopolamine methobromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.		3.2310
bleomycin
[no description available]		3.5920bleomycinantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
heroin
Heroin: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed). heroin : A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.		4.5251morphinane alkaloidmu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
prodrug
enalaprilat anhydrous
Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.		4.4260dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
imidapril
imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.		2.0510dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
imidazolidines;
N-acylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
sulindac sulfone
sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfone		apoptosis inducer;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
ximelagatran
ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.		3.5920amidoxime;
azetidines;
carboxamide;
ethyl ester;
hydroxylamines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary carboxamide		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
prodrug;
serine protease inhibitor
cefuroxime
[no description available]		4.53703-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin;
furans;
oxime O-ether		drug allergen
ceftriaxone
[no description available]		4.54701,2,4-triazines;
1,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime
Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.0640cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug
hr 810
cefpirome: structure in first source. cefpirome : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.0410cephalosporin;
cyclopentapyridine
pafuramidine
pafuramidine: a prodrug of furamidine		3.2310
ceftazidime
[no description available]		3.8430cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
trandolapril
trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.		4.0840dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
morphine-3-glucuronide
morphine-3-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		3.3911morphinane alkaloid
pregabalin
Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.		14.2183gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker
cefetamet
cefetamet: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; structure given in first source. cefetamet : A cephalosporin compound having methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups; a cephalosporin antibiotic active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.		2.4520cephalosporin
alvimopan anhydrous
alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain		3.6120peptide
oxyfedrine
Oxyfedrine: A drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, heart failure, conduction defects, and myocardial infarction. It is a partial agonist at beta adrenergic receptors and acts as a coronary vasodilator and cardiotonic agent.		2.0510aromatic ketone
aliskiren
aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.		3.2310monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene		antihypertensive agent
naltrindole
naltrindole: delta opioid receptor antagonist		2.0610isoquinolines
guanabenz acetate
[no description available]		2.0510dichlorobenzenegeroprotector
guanabenz
Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.9540dichlorobenzene
1-[4-[4-[[(2R)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1-imidazolylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy]phenyl]-1-piperazinyl]ethanone
[no description available]		2.0110piperazines
famotidine
[no description available]		4.851001,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
resiniferatoxin
resiniferatoxin: phorbol related diterpene ester; potent agonist of vanilloid TRPV1 receptors. resiniferatoxin : A heteropentacyclic compound found in Euphorbia poissonii with molecular formula C37H40O9. It is an agonist of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1).		2.0210carboxylic ester;
diterpenoid;
enone;
monomethoxybenzene;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
ortho ester;
phenols;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		analgesic;
neurotoxin;
plant metabolite;
TRPV1 agonist
cefotaxime
Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.		4.06401,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
aztreonam
[no description available]		4.460beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
monobactam		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
ammonium sulfate
Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.		2.2510ammonium salt;
inorganic sulfate salt		fertilizer
proguanil
Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.		2.0510biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
cci 15641
[no description available]		2.9540cephalosporin
rifamycin sv
rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.		2.4720acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol;
rifamycins		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
bacterial metabolite
ginkgolide b
[no description available]		2.4520
ro 42-5892
remikiren : An L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a (2S)-2-[(2-methylpropane-2-sulfonyl)methyl]-3-phenylpropanoyl group and the carboxy group is replaced by a [(2S,3R,4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]amino group. It is a renin inhibitor which was under development for the treatment of hypertension (now discontinued).		2.0610cyclopropanes;
diol;
L-histidine derivative;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.23.15 (renin) inhibitor;
peptidomimetic;
vasodilator agent
tetrodotoxin
Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.		3.94130azatetracycloalkane;
oxatetracycloalkane;
quinazoline alkaloid		animal metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite;
neurotoxin;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
cefpodoxime
[no description available]		3.5620carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
palonosetron
Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.		16.626728azabicycloalkane;
delta-lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antiemetic;
serotonergic antagonist
epoprostenol sodium
[no description available]		2.0510prostanoid
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate : A fumarate salt prepared from equimolar amounts of tenofovir disoproxil and fumaric acid. It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.0810fumarate saltantiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
cefatrizine
Cefatrizine: Orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.. cefatrizine : A cephalosporin compound having (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]acetamido side-groups. An antibacterial drug first prepared in the 1970s, it has more recently been found to be an inhibitor of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), which is known to regulate apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in many types of human cancers.		2.9740amino acid amide;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
phenols;
semisynthetic derivative;
triazoles		antibacterial drug;
EC 2.7.11.20 (elongation factor 2 kinase) inhibitor
dizocilpine maleate
Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.		3.1150maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
eniporide
eniporide: inhibits NHE-1 isoform; structure in first source		2.0410
dexbrompheniramine maleate
dexbrompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of the (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		2.0810brompheniramine maleateanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
tiacrilast
tiacrilast: structure given in first source		2.0610
cilastatin
[no description available]		2.0410carboxamide;
L-cysteine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organic sulfide		EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
rifaximin
[no description available]		3.6120acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative		antimicrobial agent;
gastrointestinal drug;
orphan drug
ly 53857
LY 53857: RN given refers to maleate[1:1](8beta)-isomer		3.0850
lumefantrine
Lumefantrine: A fluorene derivative that is used in combination with ARTEMETHER for the treatment of MALARIA (see ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE DRUG COMBINATION).. lumefantrine : A member of the class of fluorenes that is 9-(p-chlorobenzylidene)-9H-fluorene which is substitutec by chlorine at positions 2 and 7, and by a 2-(dibutylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group at position 4. An antimalarial drug used in combination with artemether for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.0610fluorenes;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amine		antimalarial
everolimus
[no description available]		3.6120cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
trk 820
TRK 820: structure in first source		3.710phenanthrenes
ixabepilone
[no description available]		3.86301,3-thiazoles;
beta-hydroxy ketone;
epoxide;
lactam;
macrocycle		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
netupitant
netupitant: orally active neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist. netupitant : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methylpropanoic acid with the secondary amino group of N-methyl-4-(2-methylphenyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine; an antiemetic used in combination with palonosetron hydrochloride (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.		3.5911aminopyridine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
toluenes		antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist
dirithromycin
[no description available]		2.0210macrolide antibioticprodrug
azlocillin
Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.		2.4520penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
verlukast
verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist		2.7130
cefpodoxime proxetil
cefpodoxime proxetil: structure given in first source; prodrug for cefpodoxime. cefpodoxime proxetil : The 1-[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]ethyl (proxetil) ester prodrug of cefpodoxime. After swallowing, hydrolysis of the ester group occurs in the intestinal epithelium, to release active cefpodoxime in the bloodstream. It is used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis.		2.4520carboxylic acid;
carboxylic ester;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug;
prodrug
ceftizoxime
[no description available]		4.0640cephalosporinantibacterial drug
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide
[no description available]		4.0240ergot alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide		serotonergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
carumonam
carumonam: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3alpha(Z))-isomer. carumonam : An N-sulfonated monobactam antibiotic.		2.0410monobactamantibacterial drug
fluphenazine
[no description available]		2.0810
n(4)-chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside
[no description available]		3.110
sb 222200
[no description available]		2.0210quinolines
dantrolene sodium
dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene.		2.0510
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		4.7690imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
sb 269970
SB 269970: a 5-HT(7) antagonist; structure in first source		4.0750sulfonamide
nifurtimox
Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.		2.4320nitrofuran antibiotic
ergoline
Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.		3.2360diamine;
ergoline alkaloid;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound
eritoran
eritoran : A lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis.		2.0410lipid As
dantrolene
[no description available]		3.8430
roxithromycin
(E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.		2.4720roxithromycinenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cefdinir
[no description available]		3.6120cephalosporin;
ketoxime		antibacterial drug
etonogestrel
[no description available]		3.231017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin
bisoprolol, fumarate (1:1) salt
[no description available]		2.0810
artesunate
artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether		2.4620artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
ferroptosis inducer
beraprost
beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.		2.0510enyne;
monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary allylic alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antihypertensive agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin receptor agonist;
vasodilator agent
lanreotide
[no description available]		2.0510
etoposide phosphate
[no description available]		2.0810furonaphthodioxole
dexniguldipine
niguldipine: structure given in first source; clinical modulator of multidrug resistance		2.0410diarylmethane
itasetron
itasetron: a potent 5HT-3 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		8.7721
cilansetron
cilansetron: structure given in first source; binds to 5-HT(3) receptors		2.3920
zatosetron
zatosetron: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.6830
ciclesonide
ciclesonide: nasal spray approved for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis		2.0810organic molecular entity
fedotozine
fedotozine: affects gastrointestinal motility in dogs		3.0910
ski 2053r
SKI 2053R: structure in first source; RN given in first source		3.3911
napsagatran
napsagatran: structure given in first source		2.0410
temsirolimus
[no description available]		3.8730macrolide lactam
dutasteride
Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.		3.6120(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
rs 25259-197
palonosetron hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining palonosetron with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride; an antiemetic used in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.		1.9810hydrochlorideantiemetic;
serotonergic antagonist
vofopitant
[no description available]		4.3141
tekturna
[no description available]		2.0810fumarate saltantihypertensive agent
lu 208075
ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension		3.5920diarylmethane
bms188797
[no description available]		2.0410
bibx 1382bs
BIBX 1382BS: an ErbB receptor kinase inhibitor; no further information available 4/2001		3.2310substituted aniline
vildagliptin
[no description available]		2.0810amino acid amide
fesoterodine
fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder		3.2310diarylmethane
acetylcarnitine
O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.		2.0510O-acetylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
taxane
taxane: produced by Taxomyces andreanae		2.0110diterpene;
terpenoid fundamental parent
bis(7)-tacrine
[no description available]		3.110secondary amino compoundapoptosis inhibitor;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.		2.0810biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent
sgd 301-76
[no description available]		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
organic nitrate salt		antiinfective agent
fluvoxamine maleate
[no description available]		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
thioacetazone
Thioacetazone: A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217). thiosemicarbazone : A hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with the non-thioacylated nitrogen of thiosemicarbazide or its substituted derivatives.		2.0810
s 1743
Esomeprazole: The S-isomer of omeprazole.. esomeprazole : A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. An inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, it is used (generally as its sodium or magnesium salt) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.		2.5720magnesium saltanti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
azimilide
azimilide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride		3.1350imidazolidine-2,4-dione
nifurtoinol
nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group.		2.0510hydrazone;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
gemifloxacin
Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.		3.23101,8-naphthyridine derivative;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
dexlansoprazole
Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.		3.6120benzimidazoles;
sulfoxide
gemifloxacin mesylate
gemifloxacin mesylate : The mesylate salt of gemifloxacin.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltantimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fosinopril
[no description available]		3.8530
armodafinil
armodafinil : A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.		3.23102-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamidecentral nervous system stimulant;
eugeroic
brl 24682
BRL 24682: RN given for (endo)-isomer; structure in first source		2.420
eflucimibe
eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor		2.0510
rs 14203
RS 14203: a type IV cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; structure in first source		210
tomopenem
[no description available]		2.0410
ave 0118
[no description available]		2.0610
(2s,3s)-2-phenyl-3-((5-trifluoromethoxy-2-methoxy)benzylamino)piperidine
(2S,3S)-2-phenyl-3-((5-trifluoromethoxy-2-methoxy)benzylamino)piperidine: structure given in first source		3.3911
em 523
EM 523: structure given in first source		2.3920
vestipitant
[no description available]		9.4111
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		3.8430oligopeptide
tapentadol
Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.		3.6220alkylbenzene
etomoxir
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether
bb-83698
BB-83698: peptide deformylase inhibitor		2.0410
pentagastrin
Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.		10.2131organic molecular entity
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		2.0610aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
cefditoren
cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.		3.2310carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
rivaroxaban
Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.		2.0810aromatic amide;
lactam;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound;
oxazolidinone;
thiophenes		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
zotarolimus
zotarolimus: synthetic analog of rapamycin; structure in first source		2.0410lactam;
macrolide
gentamicin sulfate
[no description available]		2.7430
bn 52020
[no description available]		2.4520
hki 272
[no description available]		2.0810nitrile;
quinolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
casopitant
[no description available]		9.721110piperidines
tofacitinib
tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis.		2.0810N-acylpiperidine;
nitrile;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound		antirheumatic drug;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
n-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2h)-carboxamide
N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2H)-carboxamide: a vanilloid receptor 1 antagonist and analgesic; structure in first source		2.0610piperazines;
pyridines
l-161982
L-161982: A prostanoid EP4 receptor antagonist		2.1110biphenyls
vortioxetine
Vortioxetine: A piperazine derivative that acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, as a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and 5-HT1A receptor agonist. It is used for the treatment of anxiety and depression.. vortioxetine : An N-arylpiperazine in which the aryl group is specified as 2-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)sulfanyl]phenyl. Used (as its hydrobromide salt) for treatment of major depressive disorder.		5.360aryl sulfide;
N-arylpiperazine		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonergic antagonist
pazopanib
pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.		3.6120aminopyrimidine;
indazoles;
sulfonamide		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
azd 6244
AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor		2.0510benzimidazoles;
bromobenzenes;
hydroxamic acid ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
prasugrel hydrochloride
Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.		3.2310
rolapitant
[no description available]		5.8632azaspiro compound;
ether;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones		antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist
ko 143
[no description available]		2.0710beta-carbolines;
tert-butyl ester
m-chlorophenylguanidine
[no description available]		2.0210
cj 033466
CJ 033466: structure in first source		2.0610
amg 009
AMG 009: an anti-inflammatory agent; structure in first source		2.0810
oxadiazoles
Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.		2.0310
vinflunine
vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.		2.0510acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent
cefotaxime sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
baci-im
[no description available]		3.5920homodetic cyclic peptide;
polypeptide;
zwitterion		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent
cariprazine
cariprazine: Structure in first source. cariprazine : An N-alkylpiperazine that is N,N-dimethyl-N'-{trans-4-[2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]cyclohexyl}urea substituted at position 4 on the piperazine ring by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group. Used (as the hydrochloride salt) for treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.		2.4110
bms 477118
[no description available]		3.2310adamantanes;
azabicycloalkane;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
tertiary alcohol		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		3.8530nystatins
veratridine
Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.		210
milnacipran
[no description available]		3.5920acetamides
vindesine
[no description available]		2.0410
lorcaserin
lorcaserin: orally active, small-molecule 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C agonist for the potential treatment of obesity and diabetes. lorcaserin : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and a t position 6 by a chloro group.		7.110benzazepine;
organochlorine compound		anti-obesity agent;
appetite depressant
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		2.0810
technetium tc 99m exametazime
Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime: A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES.		2.110
brl 15572
BRL 15572: specific for h5-HT(1D) receptors; structure in first source. 3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of 3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol. A selective h5-HT1D antagonist, displaying 60-fold selectivity over h5-HT1B, and exhibiting little or no affinity for a range of other receptor types.		2.1110hydrochlorideprodrug;
serotonergic antagonist
calcimycin
Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.		2.1510benzoxazole
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		10.674010
dactolisib
dactolisib: antineoplastic agent that inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR. dactolisib : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment.		2.0810imidazoquinoline;
nitrile;
quinolines;
ring assembly;
ureas		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
mTOR inhibitor
pituitrin
Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).		2.4220
pf 03491390
[no description available]		2.0510
atropine sulfate
[no description available]		2.0510
m-trifluoromethyl-diphenyl diselenide
m-trifluoromethyl-diphenyl diselenide: structure in first source		2.0510
1-arabinofuranosylcytosine-5'-stearylphosphate
1-arabinofuranosylcytosine-5'-stearylphosphate: structure given in first source		1.9910
rabeprazole sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
amodiaquine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4720
bisaramil
[no description available]		2.0410
cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.		5.26121
ceruletide
Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.		2.3820oligopeptidediagnostic agent;
gastrointestinal drug
motilin
Motilin: A peptide of about 22-amino acids isolated from the DUODENUM. At low pH it inhibits gastric motor activity, whereas at high pH it has a stimulating effect.		5.39141
dynorphins
Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.		2.9510
bivalirudin
bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.		3.6120polypeptideanticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
somatostatin
[no description available]		2.0810heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone
teicoplanin
teicoplanin A2-1 : A teicoplanin A2 that has (4Z)-dec-4-enoyl as the variable N-acyl group.		2.0410
tannins
gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).		2.0510tannin
enfuvirtide
Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.		3.2310
ganirelix
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
13-leu-motilin
[no description available]		210
nociceptin
[no description available]		6.3730organic molecular entity;
polypeptide		human metabolite;
rat metabolite
gastrins
Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.		3.3711
beta-endorphin
beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).		1.9810
neuropeptide y
Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.		6.8640
teriparatide
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
astressin
astressin : A 30-membered homodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence D-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Glu-Val-Leu-Glu-Nle-Ala-Arg-Ala-Glu-Gln-Leu-Ala-Gln-Glu-Ala-His-Lys-Asn-Arg-Lys-Leu-Nle-Glu-Ile-Ile-NH2 cyclised by an amide bridge, formed by condensation of the side-chain carboxy group of the Glu residue at position 19 and the side-chain amino group of the Lys residue at position 22.		2.0310homodetic cyclic peptide;
polypeptide		corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist;
neuroprotective agent
salmon calcitonin
[no description available]		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone;
polypeptide		bone density conservation agent;
metabolite
ly-146032
[no description available]		3.8730heterodetic cyclic peptide;
lipopeptide antibiotic;
lipopeptide;
macrocycle;
macrolide		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
calcium-dependent antibiotics
dalbavancin
[no description available]		2.0410carbohydrate acid derivative;
glycopeptide;
monosaccharide derivative;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
liraglutide
[no description available]		3.3110lipopeptide;
polypeptide		glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent
glucagon-like peptide 1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.		2.2110
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ilys-prolyl-alaninamide
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide: FE-200486 is the acetate salt		3.2310polypeptide
exenatide
[no description available]		3.2310
exendin (9-39)
exendin (9-39): a peptide from the venom of the lizard Heloderma suspectum; inhibits glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) induced cAMP production; its structure is related to exendin-4		2.5420
warfarin sodium
warfarin sodium : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin sodium. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.		2.0810
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		7.9440glycoside
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		1.99101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
pravastatin sodium
pravastatin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of pravastatin. A reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), it is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		2.0810organic sodium salt;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug
alendronate sodium
[no description available]		2.0810
valproate sodium
Epilim: oral sodium valproate used as antidepressive agent. sodium valproate : The sodium salt of valproic acid.. valproate : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of valproic acid.		2.0510organic sodium saltgeroprotector
sl 80.0750
[no description available]		2.0810
ethyl glucuronide
ethyl glucuronide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (BETA-D)-isomer. ethyl glucuronide : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the ethyl derivative of beta-D-glucuronic acid.		3.811beta-D-glucosiduronic acidhuman urinary metabolite
rs 39604
RS 39604 hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained by mixing equimolar amounts of RS 39604 with hydrochloric acid. A potent and selective 5-HT4 antagonist, with a pKi of 9.1 at 5-HT4 receptors in guinea pig striatal membranes and greater than 1000-fold selectivity over 5-HT1A, 2C, 3 and D1, D2, M1, M2, AT1, B1 and alpha1C receptors. The ketone group gives RS 39604 a relatively long half life; it is also orally active and so suitable for in vivo studies.. RS 39604 : An aromatic ether that is the 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl derivative of N-(2-{4-[3-(4-amino-5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxopropyl]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl)methanesulfonamide. A potent and selective 5-HT4 antagonist, with a pKi of 9.1 at 5-HT4 receptors in guinea pig striatal membranes and greater than 1000-fold selectivity over 5-HT1A, 2C, 3 and D1, D2, M1, M2, AT1, B1 and alpha1C receptors. The ketone group gives RS 39604 a relatively long half life; it is also orally active and so suitable for in vivo studies.		2.4420hydrochlorideserotonergic antagonist
dodecyl 2-(n,n-dimethylamino)propionate
dodecyl 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)propionate: a transdermal penetration enhancer; RN refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0610
chitosan
[no description available]		3.5880
mesna
Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.		4.3960organosulfonic acid
cerivastatin sodium
cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		2.0510organic sodium salt;
statin (synthetic)
clavulanate potassium
potassium clavulanate : A potassium salt having clavulanate as the counterion. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes and has only weak anitbiotic activity when administered alone. However it can be used in combination with amoxicillin trihydrate (under the trade name Augmentin) for treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, where it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamases.		2.0810potassium saltantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefamandole nafate
[no description available]		2.0210organic sodium saltantibacterial drug;
prodrug
taurocholic acid, monosodium salt
[no description available]		2.0410bile salt
sodium lactate
Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.		3.2310lactate salt;
organic sodium salt		food acidity regulator;
food preservative
piperacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
monensin
[no description available]		2.0510
sodium iothalamate
[no description available]		3.5920
oxacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4720organic sodium salt
sodium diatrizoate
histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		2.0510organic sodium salt;
organoiodine compound		radioopaque medium
cefazolin sodium
cefazolin sodium : A cephalosporin organic sodium salt having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups.		2.0810organic sodium salt
sodium glutamate
Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.		2.4110monosodium glutamateflavouring agent
azlocillin sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
piperacillin, tazobactam drug combination
Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination: An antibiotic combination product of piperacillin and tazobactam, a penicillanic acid derivative with enhanced beta-lactamase inhibitory activity, that is used for the intravenous treatment of intra-abdominal, pelvic, and skin infections and for community-acquired pneumonia of moderate severity. It is also used for the treatment of PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA INFECTIONS.		2.1510
picrotoxin
Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.		2.0410
2',3'-o-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate
2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate: analog of ATP; do not confuse with TNP-ATP record		2.0410C-nitro compound;
spiroketal		antagonist
ethyl cellulose
[no description available]		2.4620glycoside
suvorexant
suvorexant: an orexin receptor antagonist; structure in first source. suvorexant : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid with the secondary amino group of 5-chloro-2-[(5R)-5-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1,3-benzoxazole. An orexin receptor antagonist used for the management of insomnia.		7.1101,3-benzoxazoles;
aromatic amide;
diazepine;
organochlorine compound;
triazoles		central nervous system depressant;
orexin receptor antagonist
quetiapine fumarate
Quetiapine Fumarate: A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.		3.3520fumarate salt
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		3.0810
cetrorelix
cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.		3.5820oligopeptideantineoplastic agent;
GnRH antagonist
mannans
[no description available]		2.0310
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		14.416826
exenatide
Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.		2.110
dinaciclib
[no description available]		4.3711pyrazolopyrimidine
methylcellulose
Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.		2.7530
vasoactive intestinal peptide
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).		3.3711
heme
Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.		2.0510
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		4.0640ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
raltegravir
[no description available]		3.23101,2,4-oxadiazole;
dicarboxylic acid amide;
hydroxypyrimidine;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidone;
secondary carboxamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
novobiocin
Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.		2.7330carbamate ester;
ether;
hexoside;
hydroxycoumarin;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		4.85100
chlortetracycline
Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.		2.4520
oxytetracycline, anhydrous
Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.		3.8630
minocycline
Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.		4.3960
dicumarol
Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.		2.0510hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam
[no description available]		6.0581benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
roquinimex
roquinimex: structure in first source		2.7530aromatic amide
acenocoumarol
Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.		2.0510C-nitro compound;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
meclocycline
[no description available]		2.0210
mobic
Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.		4.55701,3-thiazoles;
benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex
tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.		3.5580heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam
isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		2.9740benzothiazine;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antirheumatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		4.93110benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
demeclocycline
Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		3.5820
phenprocoumon
Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.		2.0510hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
tipranavir
tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.		3.620sulfonamideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
rolitetracycline
Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.		2.4520
sudoxicam
sudoxicam: proposed ant-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZINES (75-86)		2.0510
minocycline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810
tigecycline
[no description available]		3.8730
sancycline
sancycline: RN given refers to parent cpd		210
lornoxicam
lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.		9.3641heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
s 1 (combination)
S 1 (combination): consists of tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyuridine & potassium oxonate; an inhibitor of fluorouracil(5-FU) degradation; prolongs the blood 5-FU level as well as increases selective toxicity to tumor; used for the treatment of colon cancer		2.0110
kaolinite
Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.		3.6490aluminosilicate mineral;
mixture		antidiarrhoeal drug;
excipient
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		2.0310
cgs 12066b
CGS 12066B: RN given for ((Z)-2-butenedioate (1:2))-salt (CGS 12066B); CGS 12066A is the (ethanedioate (1:2))-salt; structure given in first source. 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline dimaleate : A maleate salt that is the dimaleate salt of 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline. A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (5-HT1B) full agonist, 10-fold selective over 5-HT1A and 1000-fold selective over 5-HT2C receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration.		2.0510maleate saltprodrug;
serotonergic agonist
tan 67
TAN 67: a non-peptidic selective delta-opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source		210
ajmaline
[no description available]		2.4320
astressin b
[no description available]		2.0310
fertinex
[no description available]		3.2310
technetium tc 99m sulfur colloid
Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, liver, and spleen.		3.3911
teca
TECA: titrated extract of Centella asiatica; contains asiaticoside		210
hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.		4.411
aconitine
Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.		3.6730
lysergic acid
lysergic acid : An ergoline alkaloid comprising 6-methylergoline having additional unsaturation at the 9,10-position and a carboxy group at the 8-position.		2.9210
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		2.7730
peptide yy
Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence.		4.0731
orabase
Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers		2.2510
entecavir
entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.		3.87302-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		5.091302-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
levoleucovorin
Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		4.33415-formyltetrahydrofolic acidantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.		2.13103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine
[no description available]		2.0510inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		9.4460folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.		2.9210nucleoside triphosphate analogue
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		12.4141cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		13.13240benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		7.76112dacarbazine
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		4.4160purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir
[no description available]		4.76902-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
valtrex
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
valacyclovir
Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.		4.0840L-valyl esterantiviral drug
sildenafil
sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.		4.94110piperazines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
olanzapine
Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.		11.573013benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir
penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.		2.96402-aminopurines;
propane-1,3-diols		antiviral drug
oxypurinol
Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.		2.0510pyrazolopyrimidinedrug metabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
raltitrexed
[no description available]		2.4720N-acyl-amino acid
vardenafil
vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.		3.8630imidazotriazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-6-chloro-7-nitro-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide
[no description available]		210carbonyl compound;
organohalogen compound
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		4.7590nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
citrovorum factor
[no description available]		3.6120tetrahydrofolic acid
leucovorin
5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.		4.0840formyltetrahydrofolic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
rifapentine
rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin		3.6120N-alkylpiperazine;
N-iminopiperazine;
rifamycins		antitubercular agent;
leprostatic drug
alanosine
[no description available]		2.0510
bl 4162a
anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source. anagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.		3.2310imidazoquinazolineanticoagulant;
antifibrinolytic drug;
cardiovascular drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tegaserod
tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source		3.8630carboxamidine;
guanidines;
hydrazines;
indoles		gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic agonist
norclozapine
norclozapine: structure given in first source. N-desmethylclozapine : A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist.		2.7330dibenzodiazepine;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		delta-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
serotonergic antagonist
pemetrexed
pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).		5.0221N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
tirapazamine
Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.		2.4520aromatic amine;
benzotriazines;
N-oxide		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
sildenafil citrate
Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.		2.0810citrate saltEC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
valganciclovir
Valganciclovir: A ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.. valganciclovir : The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.		3.2310L-valyl ester;
purines		antiviral drug;
prodrug
aprepitant
Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.		18.159253(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
triazoles		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
substance P receptor antagonist
fosaprepitant
fosaprepitant: a pro-drug form of aprepitant. fosaprepitant : A morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid.		13.21913(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
phosphoramide;
triazoles		antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
prodrug
tegaserod maleate
[no description available]		2.0810maleate saltserotonergic agonist
ceftobiprole
ceftobiprole: BAL5788 is Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium. ceftobiprole : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).		2.0410cephalosporin;
thiadiazoles		antimicrobial agent
rifabutin
[no description available]		4.5470
desmethylolanzapine
desmethylolanzapine: structure in first source		2.0610benzodiazepine
levomefolate calcium
levomefolate calcium: an ingredient in Contraceptives, Oral, Combined. levomefolate calcium : An organic calcium salt of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid.		3.2310organic calcium saltantidepressant
cholestyramine resin
Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.		3.8530
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		2.1110
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		2.0610
aluminum magnesium silicate
aluminum magnesium silicate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified composition		2.1310
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Emesis
[description not available]		027.071,162601
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		129.071,162601
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		06.52450
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		05.0191
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		17.0191
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		04.78120
Colonic Diseases, Functional
Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category.		08.7894
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		011.27790
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		013.425514
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		012.252610
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		012.252610
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		011.51205
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		011.51205
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		06.57181
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		06.15111
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		06.15111
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		07.64182
Colitis, Mucous
[description not available]		09.53195
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.		111.53195
Depression, Involutional
Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.		06.54100
Depressive Disorder, Major
Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)		06.54100
Ache
[description not available]		015.057027
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		117.057027
Anemia, Fanconi
[description not available]		02.1310
Fanconi Anemia
Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)		02.1310
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
Dementia Praecox
[description not available]		010.68167
Schizophrenia
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.		112.68167
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		03.1550
Critical Illness
A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.		03.3340
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		08.1550
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		08.84285
Acute Post-operative Pain
[description not available]		018.2312793
Pain, Postoperative
Pain during the period after surgery.		018.2312793
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		015.536828
Gastroenteritis
INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.		119.899734
Emesis, Postoperative
[description not available]		025.17604423
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.		131.561,8121,269
Cocaine Abuse
[description not available]		07.8182
Cocaine-Related Disorders
Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.		19.8182
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		06.0684
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		011.0684
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		132.372,6161,482
Harelip
[description not available]		04.570
Cleft Palate, Isolated
[description not available]		06.2111
Cleft Lip
Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region.		04.570
Cleft Palate
Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.		06.2111
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		020.8920977
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged
[description not available]		011.05307
Long QT Syndrome
A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.		016.05307
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		09.03129
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		09.03129
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		05.9454
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced
[description not available]		04.7971
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced
Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)		04.7971
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		020.65212122
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		122.65212122
Torsade de Pointes
[description not available]		07.14113
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia
[description not available]		04.4241
Tachycardia, Ventricular
An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).		04.4241
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		017.155420
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		09.8309
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		119.155420
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		08.82200
Apnea, Obstructive Sleep
[description not available]		06.552
Airway Obstruction
Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.		02.4110
Acrocephaly
Premature closing of the lambdoid and coronal sutures.		02.4110
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		08.91136
Craniosynostoses
Premature closure of one or more CRANIAL SUTURES. It often results in plagiocephaly. Craniosynostoses that involve multiple sutures are sometimes associated with congenital syndromes such as ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLIA; and CRANIOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS.		02.4110
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		08.91136
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)		06.552
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		07.86124
Anankastic Personality
[description not available]		010.47158
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		07.86124
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.		112.47158
Itching
[description not available]		016.77643
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		016.77643
Vestibular Diseases
Pathological processes of the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls.		04.1521
Infarct
[description not available]		02.4110
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		013.963118
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		013.963118
Abstinence Syndrome, Neonatal
[description not available]		06.1932
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Fetal and neonatal addiction and withdrawal as a result of the mother's dependence on drugs during pregnancy. Withdrawal or abstinence symptoms develop shortly after birth. Symptoms exhibited are loud, high-pitched crying, sweating, yawning and gastrointestinal disturbances.		011.1932
Binge Alcohol Consumption
[description not available]		03.811
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		09.421810
Allodynia
[description not available]		012.29221
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		07.83113
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)		07.83113
Pain, Chronic
[description not available]		04.9621
Encephalopathy, Traumatic
[description not available]		03.1740
Cerebral Concussion
[description not available]		05.142
Brain Injuries, Traumatic
A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.		03.1740
Brain Concussion
A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed head injuries. The duration of UNCONSCIOUSNESS generally lasts a few seconds, but may persist for several hours. Concussions may be classified as mild, intermediate, and severe. Prolonged periods of unconsciousness (often defined as greater than 6 hours in duration) may be referred to as post-traumatic coma (COMA, POST-HEAD INJURY). (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p418)		05.142
Chronic Pain
Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.		04.9621
Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic
[description not available]		02.4110
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		09.7621
Arthritis, Juvenile
Arthritis in children, with onset before 16 years of age. The terms juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refer to classification systems for chronic arthritis in children. Only one subtype of juvenile arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent.		02.4110
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		04.7621
Bladder Diseases
[description not available]		02.4110
Crush Fractures
[description not available]		04.2190
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		07.4216
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		03.83100
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome, Familial Gestational Spontaneous
[description not available]		02.4110
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
A complication of OVULATION INDUCTION in infertility treatment. It is graded by the severity of symptoms which include OVARY enlargement, multiple OVARIAN FOLLICLES; OVARIAN CYSTS; ASCITES; and generalized EDEMA. The full-blown syndrome may lead to RENAL FAILURE, respiratory distress, and even DEATH. Increased capillary permeability is caused by the vasoactive substances, such as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS, secreted by the overly-stimulated OVARIES.		07.4110
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		02.610
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		02.610
Allergy, Food
[description not available]		05.98120
Enterocolitis
Inflammation of the MUCOSA of both the SMALL INTESTINE and the LARGE INTESTINE. Etiology includes ISCHEMIA, infections, allergic, and immune responses.		06.01120
Food Hypersensitivity
Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.		05.98120
Alcohol Abuse
[description not available]		020.844820
Alcoholism
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)		120.569640
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		019.35209140
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		019.35209140
Bradyarrhythmia
[description not available]		08.36153
Bradycardia
Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.		013.36153
Pernicious Vomiting of Pregnancy
[description not available]		013.13338
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Intractable VOMITING that develops in early PREGNANCY and persists. This can lead to DEHYDRATION and WEIGHT LOSS.		013.13338
Post-Dural Puncture Headache
A secondary headache disorder attributed to low CEREBROSPINAL FLUID pressure caused by SPINAL PUNCTURE, usually after dural or lumbar puncture.		06.2741
Craniocerebral Injuries
[description not available]		02.9940
Craniocerebral Trauma
Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.		02.9940
Asystole
[description not available]		08.7130
Heart Arrest
Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.		03.7130
Eye Disorders
[description not available]		03.8521
Eye Diseases
Diseases affecting the eye.		03.8521
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		02.4520
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		07.4520
Esophageal Reflux
[description not available]		05.9142
Morbid Obesity
[description not available]		07.4995
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.		05.9142
Obesity, Morbid
The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.		07.4995
Gastric Stasis
[description not available]		02.4620
Bile Reflux
Retrograde bile flow. Reflux of bile can be from the duodenum to the stomach (DUODENOGASTRIC REFLUX); to the esophagus (GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX); or to the PANCREAS.		02.610
Duodenal Reflux
[description not available]		02.610
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		03.6490
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		03.6490
Ulcer
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.		07.8930
Gastroparesis
Chronic delayed gastric emptying. Gastroparesis may be caused by motor dysfunction or paralysis of STOMACH muscles or may be associated with other systemic diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS.		14.4620
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational
[description not available]		03.8721
Diabetes, Gestational
Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.		03.8721
Hematologic Malignancies
[description not available]		010.361413
Hematologic Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.		010.361413
Brain Swelling
[description not available]		03.7930
Brain Edema
Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)		03.7930
Colicky Pain
[description not available]		06.6102
Abdominal Pain
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.		011.6102
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		08.35105
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		08.35105
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		016.199670
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		120.81192140
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		03.3820
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		03.3820
Ventricular Fibrillation
A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.		02.2510
Morning Sickness
Symptoms of NAUSEA and VOMITING in pregnant women that usually occur in the morning during the first 2 to 3 months of PREGNANCY. Severe persistent vomiting during pregnancy is called HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM.		08.81221
Allotriophagy
An unusual desire or craving for abnormal foods.		03.74100
Psychoses
[description not available]		04.3940
Psychotic Disorders
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		04.3940
Dehydration
The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.		014.674122
Abnormality, Heart
[description not available]		03.2750
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		07.47180
Heart Defects, Congenital
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.		03.2750
Inferior Dislocation
[description not available]		03.6411
Pain, Procedural
Pain associated with examination, treatment or procedures.		03.6411
Lacerations
Torn, ragged, mangled wounds.		03.6411
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.9840
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.9840
Intraventricular Septal Defects
[description not available]		02.2510
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular
Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect.		02.2510
Deaf Mutism
[description not available]		03.6411
Deafness
A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.		03.6411
Serotonin Syndrome
An adverse drug interaction characterized by altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction, and neuromuscular abnormalities. It is most frequently caused by use of both serotonin reuptake inhibitors and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, leading to excess serotonin availability in the CNS at the serotonin 1A receptor.		08.0140
Behavior Disorders
[description not available]		04.130
Mental Disorders
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.		04.130
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		04.4920
Acute Pain
Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.		03.1710
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		05.5244
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		04.3922
Cancer of the Vagina
[description not available]		03.711
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		17.5244
Vaginal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the VAGINA.		03.711
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		04.3922
Hypothermia, Accidental
[description not available]		06.3851
Hypothermia
Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.		06.3851
Abdominal Migraine
[description not available]		03.89120
Migraine Disorders
A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		03.89120
Recrudescence
[description not available]		06.96103
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		05.6100
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		010.6100
Nerve Pain
[description not available]		03.680
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.		15.680
Myoclonic Jerk
[description not available]		02.8230
Complication, Intraoperative
[description not available]		014.93289
Bleeding
[description not available]		07.7330
Cystitis
Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.		02.2510
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		02.7330
Dystonia
An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)		05.13101
Concomitant Strabismus
[description not available]		011.043425
Strabismus
Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)		011.043425
Abnormalities, Congenital
[description not available]		05.480
Abortion, Tubal
[description not available]		0440
Abortion, Spontaneous
Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.		0440
Aspiration, Respiratory
[description not available]		02.2510
Preterm Birth
[description not available]		02.3110
Premature Birth
CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).		02.3110
Thromboembolism, Venous
[description not available]		02.3110
Venous Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		07.3110
Muscle Spasm
[description not available]		02.7330
Spasm
An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.		07.7330
Cannabis Abuse
[description not available]		07.7444
Marijuana Abuse
Use of marijuana associated with abnormal psychological, social, and or occupational functioning.		07.7444
Cardiac Septal Defect
[description not available]		02.5720
Post-Concussion Symptoms
[description not available]		04.8532
Post-Concussion Syndrome
The organic and psychogenic disturbances observed after closed head injuries (HEAD INJURIES, CLOSED). Post-concussion syndrome includes subjective physical complaints (i.e. headache, dizziness), cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes. These disturbances can be chronic, permanent, or late emerging.		04.8532
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar
[description not available]		04.7521
Bipolar Disorder
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.		04.7521
Stillbirth
The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn.		03.4720
Angiospasm, Intracranial
[description not available]		02.3110
Vasospasm, Intracranial
Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).		02.3110
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		07.2285
Allergy, Milk
[description not available]		02.3110
Milk Hypersensitivity
Allergic reaction to milk (usually cow's milk) or milk products. MILK HYPERSENSITIVITY should be differentiated from LACTOSE INTOLERANCE, an intolerance to milk as a result of congenital deficiency of lactase.		02.3110
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.3110
Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage
[description not available]		02.1510
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		03.2860
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		03.2860
Respiration Disorders
Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.		03.5611
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		05.9952
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		05.9952
Drop Attack
[description not available]		02.1510
Syncope
A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)		02.1510
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
[description not available]		08.01166
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.		08.01166
Action Tremor
[description not available]		05.0652
Tremor
Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.		05.0652
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		06.5696
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		06.5696
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack
[description not available]		02.1510
Ischemic Attack, Transient
Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)		02.1510
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		03.5311
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.		03.5311
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		04.9281
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		04.9281
Linear Skull Fracture
[description not available]		02.4520
Rotavirus Infections
Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.		03.5311
Inguinal Hernia
[description not available]		04.8721
Hernia, Inguinal
An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.		04.8721
Breathlessness
[description not available]		03.8421
Envenomation, Snakebite
[description not available]		02.1510
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.		110.8421
Addiction, Opioid
[description not available]		05.9742
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
[description not available]		010.58426
Opioid-Related Disorders
Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.		17.9742
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.		010.58426
Colonic Diverticulitis
[description not available]		02.1710
Embolus
[description not available]		02.1710
Foreign Bodies
Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.		02.1710
Embolism
Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.		02.1710
Pityriasis Rosea
A mild exanthematous inflammation of unknown etiology. It is characterized by the presence of salmon-colored maculopapular lesions. The most striking feature is the arrangement of the lesions such that the long axis is parallel to the lines of cleavage. The eruptions are usually generalized, affecting chiefly the trunk, and the course is often self-limiting.		07.1710
Anasarca
[description not available]		02.7630
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		02.7630
Hospital-Acquired Condition
[description not available]		02.1710
Acathisia, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		05.9233
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		06.372
Amentia
[description not available]		03.8220
Dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.		110.8220
Nociceptive Pain
Dull or sharp aching pain caused by stimulated NOCICEPTORS due to tissue injury, inflammation or diseases. It can be divided into somatic or tissue pain and VISCERAL PAIN.		02.8330
Blood Loss, Surgical
Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.		04.3822
Abnormalities, Cardiovascular
[description not available]		02.1710
Cardiovascular Abnormalities
Congenital, inherited, or acquired anomalies of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, including the HEART and BLOOD VESSELS.		02.1710
Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome
A symptom complex associated with CARCINOID TUMOR and characterized by attacks of severe flushing of the skin, diarrheal watery stools, bronchoconstriction, sudden drops in blood pressure, edema, and ascites. The carcinoid tumors are usually located in the gastrointestinal tract and metastasize to the liver. Symptoms are caused by tumor secretion of serotonin, prostaglandins, and other biologically active substances. Cardiac manifestations constitute CARCINOID HEART DISEASE. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)		04.1660
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		010.033423
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		010.033423
Cataract, Membranous
[description not available]		02.2110
Cataract
Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.2110
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		04.4811
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		04.4811
Psychological Trauma
An emotionally painful, shocking, stressful, and sometimes life-threatening experience. It can result from witnessing distressing events such as natural disasters, physical or sexual abuse, and terrorism or other acts of violence. (https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/)		02.2110
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
[description not available]		02.2110
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month.		02.2110
Plant Poisoning
Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.		03.6730
Health Care Associated Infection
[description not available]		02.1710
Fungemia
The presence of fungi circulating in the blood. Opportunistic fungal sepsis is seen most often in immunosuppressed patients with severe neutropenia or in postoperative patients with intravenous catheters and usually follows prolonged antibiotic therapy.		07.1710
Cross Infection
Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.		02.1710
IgA Vasculitis
A systemic non-thrombocytopenic purpura caused by HYPERSENSITIVITY VASCULITIS and deposition of IGA-containing IMMUNE COMPLEXES within the blood vessels throughout the body, including those in the kidney (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS). Clinical symptoms include URTICARIA; ERYTHEMA; ARTHRITIS; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; and renal involvement. Most cases are seen in children after acute upper respiratory infections.		02.2110
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		06.271
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		010.7273
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		06.271
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		03.3520
Depression, Endogenous
[description not available]		07.45112
Hyperthyroid
[description not available]		03.1210
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		03.3520
Depressive Disorder
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.		07.45112
Hyperthyroidism
Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.		03.1210
Acute Peripheral Vestibulopathy
[description not available]		04.1831
Vestibular Neuronitis
Idiopathic inflammation of the VESTIBULAR NERVE, characterized clinically by the acute or subacute onset of VERTIGO; NAUSEA; and imbalance. The COCHLEAR NERVE is typically spared and HEARING LOSS and TINNITUS do not usually occur. Symptoms usually resolve over a period of days to weeks. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p304)		04.1831
Drug Overdose
Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.		05.13100
Chemical Dependence
[description not available]		04.8980
Substance-Related Disorders
Disorders related to substance use or abuse.		04.8980
Anxiety Neuroses
[description not available]		06.3253
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		02.4420
Anxiety Disorders
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.		06.3253
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		14.4420
Infant, Small for Gestational Age
An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.		02.0810
Air Embolism
[description not available]		02.0810
Hematemesis
Vomiting of blood that is either fresh bright red, or older coffee-ground in character. It generally indicates bleeding of the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.		02.4220
Cancer of Intestines
[description not available]		02.0810
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		02.730
Intestinal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.		02.0810
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		02.730
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.		07.0810
Bladder, Overactive
[description not available]		02.0810
Urinary Bladder, Overactive
Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. URINARY INCONTINENCE may or may not be present.		02.0810
Colonic Inertia
Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.		08.97106
Constipation
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.		08.97106
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		07.963
Acute Brain Injuries
[description not available]		02.520
Brain Injuries
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.		14.520
Heatstroke
[description not available]		02.0810
Pyrexia
[description not available]		03.6390
Tachyarrhythmia
[description not available]		02.0810
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		03.6390
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.		02.0810
Heat Stroke
A condition caused by the failure of body to dissipate heat in an excessively hot environment or during PHYSICAL EXERTION in a hot environment. Contrast to HEAT EXHAUSTION, the body temperature in heat stroke patient is dangerously high with red, hot skin accompanied by DELUSIONS; CONVULSIONS; or COMA. It can be a life-threatening emergency and is most common in infants and the elderly.		02.0810
Delirium of Mixed Origin
[description not available]		06.2972
Femoral Fractures
Fractures of the femur.		03.4811
Intertrochanteric Fractures
[description not available]		03.4811
Delirium
A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)		06.2972
Hip Fractures
Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).		03.4811
Emergencies
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.		04.1131
Thyrotoxicosis
A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING.		02.0810
Acute Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		04.411
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		05.5661
Liver Failure, Acute
A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.		04.411
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy
[description not available]		02.4220
Diabetic Neuropathies
Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)		02.4220
Cardiac Conduction Defect
[description not available]		02.110
Brugada ECG Pattern
[description not available]		02.110
Brugada Syndrome
An autosomal dominant defect of cardiac conduction that is characterized by an abnormal ST-segment in leads V1-V3 on the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM resembling a right BUNDLE-BRANCH BLOCK; high risk of VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA; or VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION; SYNCOPAL EPISODE; and possible sudden death. This syndrome is linked to mutations of gene encoding the cardiac SODIUM CHANNEL alpha subunit.		02.110
Alcohol Problem
[description not available]		05.0431
Alcohol-Related Disorders
Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of alcohol.		05.0431
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		03.83110
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		03.83110
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden
[description not available]		03.0110
Death, Sudden, Cardiac
Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)		03.0110
Air Sickness
[description not available]		09.471612
Motion Sickness
Disorder caused by motion. It includes sea sickness, train sickness, roller coaster rides, rocking chair, hammock swing, car sickness, air sickness, or SPACE MOTION SICKNESS. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting and/or dizziness.		09.471612
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		04.3141
Peripheral Nerve Injury
[description not available]		07.9840
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.		02.9840
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		07.8794
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		04.4222
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		04.4222
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		05.2941
Benign Infratentorial Neoplasms
[description not available]		08.1766
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		06.6173
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		06.6173
Benign Mucosal Pemphigoid
[description not available]		02.110
Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane
A chronic blistering disease with predilection for mucous membranes and less frequently the skin, and with a tendency to scarring. It is sometimes called ocular pemphigoid because of conjunctival mucous membrane involvement.		02.110
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		05.5663
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		05.5663
Uremia
A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.		011.8874
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		03.0110
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		02.7130
Brown Tendon Sheath Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4520
Ileus
A condition caused by the lack of intestinal PERISTALSIS or INTESTINAL MOTILITY without any mechanical obstruction. This interference of the flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS often leads to INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. Ileus may be classified into postoperative, inflammatory, metabolic, neurogenic, and drug-induced.		02.1110
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.		03.3870
Female Genital Neoplasms
[description not available]		07.13119
Genital Neoplasms, Female
Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		19.13119
Bone Marrow Diseases
Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.		02.1110
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		02.1110
Colitis, Granulomatous
[description not available]		03.420
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory
[description not available]		03.3720
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		02.1110
Crohn Disease
A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.		08.420
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.		03.3720
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		02.4220
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		02.4220
Intestinal Obstruction
Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.		02.9640
Peripheral Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		03.8721
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.		03.8721
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases
[description not available]		02.1110
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		05.9355
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		05.9355
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		04.7521
Intracranial Aneurysm
Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (		04.7521
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		07.95113
Metastase
[description not available]		05.2243
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		07.95113
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		05.2243
Hypotension, Postural
[description not available]		02.1110
Acetonemia
[description not available]		02.1110
Hypotension, Orthostatic
A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a 20-mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure or a 10-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure 3 minutes after the person has risen from supine to standing. Symptoms generally include DIZZINESS, blurred vision, and SYNCOPE.		02.1110
Hakim Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1110
Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure
A form of compensated hydrocephalus characterized clinically by a slowly progressive gait disorder (see GAIT DISORDERS, NEUROLOGIC), progressive intellectual decline, and URINARY INCONTINENCE. Spinal fluid pressure tends to be in the high normal range. This condition may result from processes which interfere with the absorption of CSF including SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, chronic MENINGITIS, and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp631-3)		02.1110
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		03.8221
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		06.4877
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		03.8221
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		06.4877
Muscular Weakness
[description not available]		03.511
Lassitude
[description not available]		09.07116
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		09.07116
Muscle Weakness
A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)		03.511
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		05.6854
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		02.1110
Cancer of the Urinary Tract
[description not available]		02.1110
Cancer of the Ureter
[description not available]		02.1110
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		05.6854
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.		02.1110
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		02.1110
Ureteral Neoplasms
Cancer or tumors of the URETER which may cause obstruction leading to hydroureter, HYDRONEPHROSIS, and PYELONEPHRITIS. HEMATURIA is a common symptom.		02.1110
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		02.1110
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		02.1110
Sensation Disorders
Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM).		03.8421
Inadequate Sleep
[description not available]		02.1110
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		03.89120
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		03.89120
Visceral Pain
Pain originating from internal organs (VISCERA) associated with autonomic phenomena (PALLOR; SWEATING; NAUSEA; and VOMITING). It often becomes a REFERRED PAIN.		02.1110
Deficiency, Pyridoxine
[description not available]		02.1110
Hand Injuries
General or unspecified injuries to the hand.		02.1110
Aggression
Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.		03.6330
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		02.1110
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		02.1110
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		02.1310
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		07.41103
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.		05.0731
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		07.41103
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		02.1310
Musculoskeletal Pain
Discomfort stemming from muscles, LIGAMENTS, tendons, and bones.		03.0410
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		02.4320
Metabolic Acidosis
[description not available]		02.1310
Convulsions, Grand Mal
[description not available]		02.7230
Acidosis
A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.		02.1310
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic
A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)		02.7230
Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome
[description not available]		03.8221
Fibromyalgia
A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95)		08.8221
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		04.4311
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		04.4311
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		07.2576
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		19.2576
Priapism
A prolonged painful erection that may lasts hours and is not associated with sexual activity. It is seen in patients with SICKLE CELL ANEMIA, advanced malignancy, spinal trauma; and certain drug treatments.		02.1510
Hypokalemia
Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.7530
Decreased Muscle Tone
[description not available]		02.1310
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		02.7530
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		02.7530
Perforated Appendicitis
[description not available]		04.4511
Long Sleeper Syndrome
[description not available]		05.3222
Appendicitis
Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated.		04.4511
Sleep Wake Disorders
Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.		05.3222
Infections, Parvoviridae
[description not available]		03.5311
Antisocial Behavior
Behavior that sharply deviates from social norms and violates rights of others		02.0410
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		05.0231
Basal Ganglia Diseases
Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		04.01140
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
[description not available]		03.3620
Respiratory Insufficiency
Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.3620
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		04.4851
Spinal Diseases
Diseases involving the SPINE.		04.3411
Injuries, Spinal Cord
[description not available]		02.7230
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).		02.7230
Consciousness, Loss of
[description not available]		02.0410
Diathesis
[description not available]		04.1331
Dizzyness
[description not available]		05.5832
Dizziness
An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.		05.5832
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.		09.4176
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		02.9610
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		02.9610
Biliary Tract Cancer
[description not available]		02.9610
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		04.1760
Biliary Tract Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.		02.9610
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		16.1760
Anoxemia
[description not available]		02.4520
Hypercapnia
A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.		02.4520
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		02.4520
Altitude Hypoxia
Low ambient oxygen tension associated with ALTITUDE.		02.0410
Altitude Sickness
Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE.		07.0410
Auricular Fibrillation
[description not available]		03.6330
Coronary Artery Vasospasm
[description not available]		04.2820
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.		03.6330
Coronary Vasospasm
Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.		09.2820
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance
Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.		04.7221
Catatonic Rigidity
[description not available]		02.4520
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
A potentially fatal syndrome associated primarily with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) which are in turn associated with dopaminergic receptor blockade (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) in the BASAL GANGLIA and HYPOTHALAMUS, and sympathetic dysregulation. Clinical features include diffuse MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; high FEVER; diaphoresis; labile blood pressure; cognitive dysfunction; and autonomic disturbances. Serum CPK level elevation and a leukocytosis may also be present. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199; Psychiatr Serv 1998 Sep;49(9):1163-72)		02.0510
Muscle Rigidity
Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73)		02.4520
Amaurosis
[description not available]		03.6230
Eye Hemorrhage
Intraocular hemorrhage from the vessels of various tissues of the eye.		02.0510
Blindness
The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.		08.6230
Aura
[description not available]		02.4420
Epilepsy
A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)		02.4420
Curling Ulcer
Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.		02.0510
Duodenal Ulcer
A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.		07.0510
Benign Supratentorial Neoplasms
[description not available]		04.3922
Apnea, Sleep
[description not available]		02.9240
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.		02.9240
Cadaver
A dead body, usually a human body.		02.0510
Anoxia, Brain
[description not available]		02.0510
Alopecia Cicatrisata
[description not available]		04.3511
Alopecia
Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.		04.3511
Exanthem
[description not available]		02.0510
Grippe
[description not available]		02.0510
Exanthema
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.		02.0510
Influenza, Human
An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.		02.0510
Hematoma
A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.		03.8521
Rhabdomyosarcoma
A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)		02.0510
Abdominal Epilepsy
[description not available]		02.9710
Epilepsies, Partial
Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317)		02.9710
A-V Dissociation
[description not available]		02.0510
Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome
[description not available]		04.3722
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic
A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)		04.3722
Diseases in Twins
Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.		02.0510
Autosomal Dominant Myotubular Myopathy
[description not available]		02.0510
Anesthesia Related Hyperthermia
[description not available]		02.4720
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		02.0510
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		02.0510
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		08.462417
Cancer of the Fallopian Tube
[description not available]		02.0610
Fallopian Tube Neoplasms
Benign or malignant neoplasms of the FALLOPIAN TUBES. They are uncommon. If they develop, they may be located in the wall or within the lumen as a growth attached to the wall by a stalk.		02.0610
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		08.462417
Breast Cancer, Male
[description not available]		03.4511
Breast Neoplasms, Male
Any neoplasms of the male breast. These occur infrequently in males in developed countries, the incidence being about 1% of that in females.		03.4511
Aneurysm, Arteriovenous
[description not available]		02.0510
Arteriovenous Malformations, Cerebral
[description not available]		03.8221
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations
Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. The locations and size of the shunts determine the symptoms including HEADACHES; SEIZURES; STROKE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; mass effect; and vascular steal effect.		03.8221
Flushing
A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress.		02.4220
Sarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		04.7221
Sarcoma
A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.		16.7221
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		08.5754
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		08.5754
Segond Fracture
[description not available]		02.0610
Tibial Fractures
Fractures of the TIBIA.		02.0610
Glenoid Labral Tears
[description not available]		04.3711
Rotator Cuff Injuries
Injuries to the ROTATOR CUFF of the shoulder joint.		04.3711
Hemorrhagic Shock
[description not available]		02.0610
Fasting Hypoglycemia
HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.		02.4220
Hypoglycemia
A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.		07.4220
Apple Peel Small Bowel Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0610
Hypospadias
A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is below its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the ventral surface of the PENIS or on the PERINEUM. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is in the VAGINA.		02.4720
Agitation, Psychomotor
[description not available]		05.842
Psychomotor Agitation
A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.		05.842
Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.0610
Glossoptosis, Micrognathia, and Cleft Palate
[description not available]		02.0610
Injuries, Preconception
[description not available]		02.0610
Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive
A form of multiple sclerosis characterized by a progressive deterioration in neurologic function which is in contrast to the more typical relapsing remitting form. If the clinical course is free of distinct remissions, it is referred to as primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When the progressive decline is punctuated by acute exacerbations, it is referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis. The term secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is used when relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis evolves into the chronic progressive form. (From Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl:S73-S79; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)		02.0610
Lung Adenocarcinoma
[description not available]		02.0710
Adenocarcinoma of Lung
A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.0710
Blood Loss, Postoperative
[description not available]		04.3241
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		04.3711
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		04.3711
Chronic Insomnia
[description not available]		02.0710
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.		02.0710
Granuloma, Hodgkin
[description not available]		04.7221
Hodgkin Disease
A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.		04.7221
Morphine Abuse
[description not available]		04.6360
Morphine Dependence
Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.		04.6360
Acrania
[description not available]		02.0710
Neural Tube Defects
Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)		02.0710
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		03.821
Cancer of Larynx
[description not available]		02.0710
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		03.821
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.		02.0710
Starvation
Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0710
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		02.0710
Experimental Radiation Injuries
[description not available]		02.4220
Menopause
The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.		03.8421
Leukemia, Pre-B-Cell
[description not available]		02.4620
Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and adolescents and characterized by a high number of lymphoblasts and solid tumor lesions. Frequent sites involve LYMPH NODES, skin, and bones. It most commonly presents as leukemia.		02.4620
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
[description not available]		02.4820
Glucose Intolerance
A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.		02.4820
Intestinal Diseases
Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.		02.0710
Bile Duct Obstruction
[description not available]		07.04102
Cholestasis
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).		07.04102
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		05.6554
Cochlear Hearing Loss
[description not available]		03.4711
Pulsatile Tinnitus
[description not available]		03.4711
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural
Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.		03.4711
Tinnitus
A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions.		08.4711
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.0710
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous
A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES; SEZARY SYNDROME; LYMPHOMATOID PAPULOSIS; and PRIMARY CUTANEOUS ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA are the best characterized of these disorders.		02.0710
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications
[description not available]		02.0710
Mucositis
An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).		02.0810
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		02.0710
Hyperdactyly
[description not available]		02.0710
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		02.0710
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		02.0710
Disease Resistance
The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.		02.0810
Hypovolemic
[description not available]		02.0810
Hypovolemia
An abnormally low volume of blood circulating through the body. It may result in hypovolemic shock (see SHOCK).		02.0810
Cephalgia Syndromes
[description not available]		0310
Headache Disorders
Various conditions with the symptom of HEADACHE. Headache disorders are classified into major groups, such as PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on characteristics of their headache symptoms) and SECONDARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on their etiologies). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		0310
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0810
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		04.3422
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		04.8642
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		04.3722
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		04.3422
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		03.3911
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		04.8642
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		04.8742
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		04.8742
Krukenberg Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.0110
Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.0110
Multiple Primary Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0110
Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell
A poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in which the nucleus is pressed to one side by a cytoplasmic droplet of mucus. It usually arises in the gastrointestinal system.		02.0110
Rheumatism
[description not available]		03.411
Rheumatic Diseases
Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.		03.411
Fistula
Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.		02.0110
Cerebellar Diseases
Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.		0533
Binge Eating
[description not available]		06.2572
Bulimia
Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of BULIMIA NERVOSA. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as ox hunger.		06.2572
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		03.630
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		15.630
Affective Disorders
[description not available]		03.8121
Mood Disorders
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.		03.8121
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		04.7221
Ataxia
Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.		02.0110
Hypesthesia
Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.		02.0210
Anticipatory Vomiting
[description not available]		07.741910
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		02.0210
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		02.0210
Hyperesthesia
Increased sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation due to a diminished threshold or an increased response to stimuli.		02.0210
Earache
Pain in the ear.		02.0210
Middle Ear Inflammation
[description not available]		02.0210
Otitis Media
Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.		02.0210
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic
[description not available]		03.3220
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic
Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).		03.3220
Adiadochokinesis
[description not available]		03.411
Brain Injury, Chronic
Conditions characterized by persistent brain damage or dysfunction as sequelae of cranial trauma. This disorder may result from DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; BRAIN EDEMA; and other conditions. Clinical features may include DEMENTIA; focal neurologic deficits; PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; AKINETIC MUTISM; or COMA.		03.411
Cerebellar Ataxia
Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)		03.411
Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis
[description not available]		02.9310
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		02.9310
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		05.0131
Biliary Cirrhosis
[description not available]		011.9663
Cholangiitis, Sclerosing
[description not available]		04.7121
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		02.9310
Cholangitis
Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.		02.9310
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		010.0131
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.		06.9663
Cholangitis, Sclerosing
Chronic inflammatory disease of the BILIARY TRACT. It is characterized by fibrosis and hardening of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ductal systems leading to bile duct strictures, CHOLESTASIS, and eventual BILIARY CIRRHOSIS.		04.7121
Hepatitis, Autoimmune
A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.		02.9310
Precordial Catch
[description not available]		02.6830
Chest Pain
Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.		02.6830
Hives
[description not available]		02.9340
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.		07.9340
Chronic Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder
[description not available]		04.6632
Tourette Syndrome
A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79)		09.6632
Infantile Diarrhea
[description not available]		02.0210
Diarrhea, Infantile
DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old.		02.0210
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		09.3622
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		04.3622
Nevi, Melanocytic
[description not available]		02.0210
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		04.0831
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		02.0210
Nevus, Pigmented
A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi.		02.0210
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		04.0831
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		02.0210
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		02.0210
Complications, Labor
[description not available]		02.0210
Acoustic Neuroma
[description not available]		08.4111
Bone Diseases
Diseases of BONES.		04.7421
Eczema, Atopic
[description not available]		02.0110
Dermatitis, Eczematous
[description not available]		02.0110
Dermatoses
[description not available]		02.420
Digitate Dermatosis
[description not available]		02.0110
Dermatitis, Atopic
A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.		02.0110
Eczema
A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).		02.0110
Parapsoriasis
The term applied to a group of relatively uncommon inflammatory, maculopapular, scaly eruptions of unknown etiology and resistant to conventional treatment. Eruptions are both psoriatic and lichenoid in appearance, but the diseases are distinct from psoriasis, lichen planus, or other recognized dermatoses. Proposed nomenclature divides parapsoriasis into two distinct subgroups, PITYRIASIS LICHENOIDES and parapsoriasis en plaques (small- and large-plaque parapsoriasis).		02.0110
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		07.420
Bewilderment
[description not available]		02.0310
Infections, Helicobacter
[description not available]		02.0310
Helicobacter Infections
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.		02.0310
Bulimia Nervosa
An eating disorder that is characterized by a cycle of binge eating (BULIMIA or bingeing) followed by inappropriate acts (purging) to avert weight gain. Purging methods often include self-induced VOMITING, use of LAXATIVES or DIURETICS, excessive exercise, and FASTING.		02.9410
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted
[description not available]		02.0310
Hepatitis C
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.		02.0310
Gastritis
Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.		09.3311
Delayed Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		03.4211
Aberrant Tissue
[description not available]		02.0310
Hand Dermatosis
[description not available]		02.730
Foot Dermatoses
Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.		02.730
Hand Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the HANDS.		02.730
Infectious Myelitis
[description not available]		03.3420
Acute Coronary Syndrome
An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		02.9610
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		04.8842
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		04.8842
Gelineau Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0310
Ureteral Obstruction
Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.		02.0310
Narcolepsy
A condition characterized by recurrent episodes of daytime somnolence and lapses in consciousness (microsomnias) that may be associated with automatic behaviors and AMNESIA. CATAPLEXY; SLEEP PARALYSIS, and hypnagogic HALLUCINATIONS frequently accompany narcolepsy. The pathophysiology of this disorder includes sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which normally follows stage III or IV sleep. (From Neurology 1998 Feb;50(2 Suppl 1):S2-S7)		02.0310
Amphetamine Abuse
[description not available]		03.4311
Amphetamine-Related Disorders
Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines.		15.4311
Cachexia
General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.		03.821
Deafness, Transitory
[description not available]		03.4211
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		04.3922
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		04.3922
Hypocalcemia
Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.4211
Hearing Loss
A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.		03.4211
Indigestion
[description not available]		05.2443
Hiccough
[description not available]		03.8121
Asthenia
Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.		02.0310
Dyspepsia
Impaired digestion, especially after eating.		010.2443
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		03.4311
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		03.4311
Giardia duodenalis Infection
[description not available]		03.4211
Giardiasis
An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.		03.4211
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic
[description not available]		03.4311
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.		03.4311
Gall Bladder Diseases
[description not available]		03.4311
Remission, Spontaneous
A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.		02.0410
Hyperventilation
A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.		02.0410
Habit Chorea
[description not available]		02.0410
Tics
Habitual, repeated, rapid contraction of certain muscles, resulting in stereotyped individualized actions that can be voluntarily suppressed for only brief periods. They often involve the face, vocal cords, neck, and less often the extremities. Examples include repetitive throat clearing, vocalizations, sniffing, pursing the lips, and excessive blinking. Tics tend to be aggravated by emotional stress. When frequent they may interfere with speech and INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS. Conditions which feature frequent and prominent tics as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as TIC DISORDERS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp109-10)		02.0410
Cortical Lewy Body Disease
[description not available]		02.0410
Lewy Body Disease
A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124)		02.0410
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast
An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.		03.4311
Allergy, Latex
[description not available]		02.0410
Orphan Diseases
Rare diseases that have not been well studied.		02.0410
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		05.451
Thyroglossal Cyst
A cyst in the neck caused by persistence of portions of, or by lack of closure of, the primitive thyroglossal duct. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9810
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Subacute
[description not available]		02.910
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous
A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID).		02.910
Psychoses, Drug
[description not available]		04.9831
Adhesions, Tissue
[description not available]		01.9810
Peritoneal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.		01.9810
Atypical Cluster Headache
[description not available]		01.9810
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
[description not available]		04.0731
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo
[description not available]		02.420
Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)		09.0731
Vertigo
An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)		07.420
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.3920
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		02.3920
Female Genital Diseases
[description not available]		07.5766
Genital Diseases, Female
Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		07.5766
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		01.9810
Leiomyosarcoma
A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)		01.9810
Appetite Disorders
[description not available]		01.9810
Feeding and Eating Disorders
A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.		01.9810
Esophageal Varices
[description not available]		01.9810
Pulmonary Hypertension
[description not available]		02.3920
Gouty Arthritis
[description not available]		06.9810
Esophageal and Gastric Varices
Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).		01.9810
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.		02.3920
Arthritis, Gouty
Arthritis, especially of the great toe, as a result of gout. Acute gouty arthritis often is precipitated by trauma, infection, surgery, etc. The initial attacks are usually monoarticular but later attacks are often polyarticular. Acute and chronic gouty arthritis are associated with accumulation of MONOSODIUM URATE in and around affected joints.		01.9810
Frigidity
[description not available]		02.910
Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological
Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994)		02.910
Icterus
[description not available]		01.9810
Jaundice
A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.		06.9810
Hairy Cell Leukemia
[description not available]		01.9810
Auricular Syndrome of Ramsay Hunt
[description not available]		01.9810
Leukemia, Hairy Cell
A neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular cells which is considered to be a rare type of chronic leukemia; it is characterized by an insidious onset, splenomegaly, anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, little or no lymphadenopathy, and the presence of hairy or flagellated cells in the blood and bone marrow.		01.9810
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		03.3711
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		03.3711
Nephritis
Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.		01.9810
Hallucination of Body Sensation
[description not available]		04.6232
Hallucinations
Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.		111.6232
Cryptosporidium Infection
[description not available]		01.9810
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.		01.9810
Cryptosporidiosis
Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.		01.9810
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		04.2841
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		04.2841
Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		01.9810
Endotoxin Shock
[description not available]		01.9810
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative
[description not available]		01.9810
Shock, Septic
Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.		01.9810
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.		01.9810
Argentaffinoma
[description not available]		02.3820
Carcinoid Tumor
A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)		02.3820
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma
[description not available]		01.9810
Oligodendroglioma
A relatively slow-growing glioma that is derived from oligodendrocytes and tends to occur in the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, or lateral ventricle. They may present at any age, but are most frequent in the third to fifth decades, with an earlier incidence peak in the first decade. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, relatively avascular, and tend to form cysts and microcalcifications. Neoplastic cells tend to have small round nuclei surrounded by unstained nuclei. The tumors may vary from well-differentiated to highly anaplastic forms. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2052; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p655)		01.9810
Cancer of Testis
[description not available]		05.6454
Testicular Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.		05.6454
Convulsive Generalized Seizure Disorder
[description not available]		01.9810
Carcinoma, Oat Cell
[description not available]		01.9810
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)		01.9810
Diarrheogenic Islet Cell Tumor
[description not available]		01.9810
Cancer of Nasopharynx
[description not available]		01.9810
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.		01.9810
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		01.9810
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		01.9810
Apnea
A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.		02.6830
Smoking Cessation
Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.		05.9552
Heroin Abuse
[description not available]		02.3920
Heroin Dependence
Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN.		02.3920
Hypermelanosis
[description not available]		01.9810
Hyperpigmentation
Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.		01.9810
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		03.3711
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		03.3711
AIDS-Associated Lymphoma
[description not available]		03.3711
Lymphoma, AIDS-Related
B-cell lymphoid tumors that occur in association with AIDS. Patients often present with an advanced stage of disease and highly malignant subtypes including BURKITT LYMPHOMA; IMMUNOBLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA; PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA; and DIFFUSE, LARGE B-CELL, LYMPHOMA. The tumors are often disseminated in unusual extranodal sites and chromosomal abnormalities are frequently present. It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation.		03.3711
Intradural-Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.3711
Spinal Cord Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA.		03.3711
Hemorrhage, Oral
[description not available]		03.3711
Benign Intracranial Hypertension
[description not available]		01.9910
Pseudotumor Cerebri
A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS).		01.9910
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		04.8542
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		04.8542
Claustrophobia
[description not available]		05.7742
Phobic Disorders
Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable.		05.7742
Minimal Disease, Residual
[description not available]		03.3711
Jaw Cysts
Saccular lesions lined with epithelium and contained within pathologically formed cavities in the jaw; also nonepithelial cysts (pseudocysts) as they apply to the jaw, e.g., traumatic or solitary cyst, static bone cavity, and aneurysmal bone cyst. True jaw cysts are classified as odontogenic or nonodontogenic.		03.3711
Cancer of Jaw
[description not available]		03.3711
Abdominal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.		04.8442
Alcoholic Intoxication
An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.		03.3711
Alagille Syndrome 1
[description not available]		01.9910
Alagille Syndrome
A multisystem disorder that is characterized by aplasia of intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC), and malformations in the cardiovascular system, the eyes, the vertebral column, and the facies. Major clinical features include JAUNDICE, and congenital heart disease with peripheral PULMONARY STENOSIS. Alagille syndrome may result from heterogeneous gene mutations, including mutations in JAG1 on CHROMOSOME 20 (Type 1) and NOTCH2 on CHROMOSOME 1 (Type 2).		01.9910
Decerebrate Posturing
[description not available]		02.3820
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		03.7821
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		03.7821
Swine Diseases
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.		02.420
Jejunal Diseases
Pathological development in the JEJUNUM region of the SMALL INTESTINE.		01.9910
Chorea Disorders
[description not available]		01.9910
Chorea
Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.		06.9910
Panic Attacks
[description not available]		04.6332
Agoraphobia
Obsessive, persistent, intense fear of open places.		01.9910
Panic Disorder
A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.		04.6332
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		03.5930
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		03.5930
Complications, Neoplastic Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.910
Retroperitoneal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the RETROPERITONEAL SPACE.		02.910
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		04.3522
Seminoma
A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.3811
Anochlesia
[description not available]		01.9910
Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		01.9910
Dermatitis, Contact
A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.		01.9910
Amnesia-Memory Loss
[description not available]		01.9910
Amnesia
Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)		01.9910
Neoplasms, Skull Base
[description not available]		01.9910
Salmonella Infections, Animal
Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.		01.9910
Abdominal Cramps
[description not available]		04.3522
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		07.3920
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		02.3920
Elevated ICP (Intracranial Pressure)
[description not available]		0210
Intracranial Hypertension
Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders.		0210
Acne Rosacea
[description not available]		0210
Rosacea
A cutaneous disorder primarily of convexities of the central part of the FACE, such as FOREHEAD; CHEEK; NOSE; and CHIN. It is characterized by FLUSHING; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA; RHINOPHYMA; papules; and ocular symptoms. It may occur at any age but typically after age 30. There are various subtypes of rosacea: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular (National Rosacea Society's Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea, J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:584-7).		0710
Craniofacial Abnormalities
Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.		03.3811
Teeth, Impacted
[description not available]		03.3811
Edema, Pulmonary
[description not available]		0210
Pulmonary Edema
Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.		0210
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		0210
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		0710
Pleural Effusion
Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.		03.3911
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome
Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.		03.3911
Hypertension, Portal
Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.		03.3911
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes
[description not available]		03.3911
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		03.3911
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		0210
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		0210
Alcohol Withdrawal Associated Autonomic Hyperactivity
[description not available]		0210
Mesothelioma
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)		0210
Anemia, Hypoplastic
[description not available]		03.3911
Anemia, Aplastic
A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.		03.3911
Genito-urinary Cancer
[description not available]		03.3911
Urogenital Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female.		03.3911
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.		08.3911
Mixed Pineocytoma-Pineoblastoma
[description not available]		02.0110
Pinealoma
Neoplasms which originate from pineal parenchymal cells that tend to enlarge the gland and be locally invasive. The two major forms are pineocytoma and the more malignant pineoblastoma. Pineocytomas have moderate cellularity and tend to form rosette patterns. Pineoblastomas are highly cellular tumors containing small, poorly differentiated cells. These tumors occasionally seed the neuroaxis or cause obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS or Parinaud's syndrome. GERMINOMA; CARCINOMA, EMBRYONAL; GLIOMA; and other neoplasms may arise in the pineal region with germinoma being the most common pineal region tumor. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2064; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p670)		02.0110
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0110
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed
[description not available]		02.0110
Medulloblastoma
A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)		02.0110
Ureteral Diseases
Pathological processes involving the URETERS.		03.3911
Taste Disorder, Anterior Tongue
[description not available]		01.9810
Angor Pectoris
[description not available]		02.3820
Angina Pectoris
The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.		02.3820
T-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		01.9810
Lymphoma, T-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.		01.9810
Blood Clot
[description not available]		02.3820
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		02.3820
Porphyria
[description not available]		06.9810
Porphyrias
A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.		01.9810
Back Ache
[description not available]		01.9810
Back Pain
Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.		01.9810
Disgerminoma
[description not available]		03.7721
Dysgerminoma
A malignant ovarian neoplasm, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. It is the counterpart of the classical seminoma of the testis, to which it is both grossly and histologically identical. Dysgerminomas comprise 16% of all germ cell tumors but are rare before the age of 10, although nearly 50% occur before the age of 20. They are generally considered of low-grade malignancy but may spread if the tumor extends through its capsule and involves lymph nodes or blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1646)		03.7721
Di Guglielmo Disease
[description not available]		01.9710
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.		01.9710
Cancer, Embryonal
[description not available]		03.3611
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal
Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.		03.3611
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		01.9710
Gastric Fistula
Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.		01.9710