andrographolide profile

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Andrographis	genus	A plant genus of the family ACANTHACEAE. Members contain andrographolide and other DITERPENES and androechin, a CHALCONE.[MeSH]	Acanthaceae	A plant family of the order Lamiales. It is characterized by simple leaves in opposite pairs, cystoliths (enlarged cells containing crystals of calcium carbonate), and bilaterally symmetrical and bisexual flowers that are usually crowded together. The common name for Ruellia of wild petunia is easily confused with PETUNIA.[MeSH]
Andrographis paniculata	species	A plant species in the genus Andrographis, family Acanthaceae. Its bitter tasting leaves have been used in traditional medicine and contain labdane-type diterpene lactone andrographolide.[MeSH]	Acanthaceae	A plant family of the order Lamiales. It is characterized by simple leaves in opposite pairs, cystoliths (enlarged cells containing crystals of calcium carbonate), and bilaterally symmetrical and bisexual flowers that are usually crowded together. The common name for Ruellia of wild petunia is easily confused with PETUNIA.[MeSH]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5318517
CHEMBL ID	186141
CHEBI ID	65408
SCHEMBL ID	12056309
MeSH ID	M0096228

Synonym
BIDD:ER0530
ACON1_002113
MEGXP0_000978
nsc 383468
3-(2-(decahydro-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylenenaphthyl)ethylidene)dihydro-4-hydroxyfuran-2(3h)-one
einecs 226-852-5
2(3h)-furanone, 3-(2-(decahydro-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylene-1-naphthalenyl)ethylidene)dihydro-4-hydroxy-, (1r-(1-alpha(e(s*)),4a-beta,5-alpha,6-alpha,8a-alpha))-
NCGC00179817-01
5508-58-7
andrographolide ,
2(3h)-furanone, 3-[2-[(1r,4as,5r,6r,8as)-decahydro-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylene-1-naphthalenyl]ethylidene]dihydro-4-hydroxy-, (3e,4s)-
(3e,4s)-3-[2-[(1r,4as,5r,6r,8as)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylene-decalin-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
nsc-383468
andrographolide, 98%
bdbm50084419
BRD-K89282837-001-01-0
CHEMBL186141
hmpl004
hmpl-004
chebi:65408 ,
(3e,4s)-3-[2-[(1r,4as,5r,6r,8as)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1h-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
410105jhgr ,
unii-410105jhgr
tox21_111508
cas-5508-58-7
dtxcid1025980
dtxsid3045980 ,
C20214
A830479
(3e)-3-[2-[(1r,8as)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylene-decalin-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-one;andrographolide
AKOS015920075
(3e,4s)-4-hydroxy-3-{2-[(1r,4as,5r,6r,8as)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidenedecahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene}dihydrofuran-2(3h)-one
(1r-(1-alpha(e(s)),4abeta,5alpha,6alpha,8aalpha))-3-(2-(decahydro-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylene-1-naphthalenyl)ethylidene)dihydro-4-hydroxy-2(3h)-furanone
3alpha,14,15,18-tetrahydroxy-5b,9bh,10a-labda-8(20),12-dien-16-oic acid gamma-lactone
andrographolide (constituent of andrographis) [dsc]
andrographolide [usp-rs]
andrographolide [inci]
2(3h)-furanone, 3-(2-((1r,4as,5r,6r,8as)-decahydro-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylene-1-naphthalenyl)ethylidene)dihydro-4-hydroxy-, (3e,4s)-
andrographolide [mi]
andrographolide [who-dd]
(3e,4s)-3-(2-((1r,4as,5r,6r,8as)-decahydro-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylene-1-naphthalenyl)ethylidene)dihydro-4-hydroxy-2(3h)-furanone
3.alpha.,14,15,18-tetrahydroxy-5.beta.,9.beta.h,10.alpha.-labda-8(20),12-dien-16-oic acid .gamma.-lactone
CCG-208428
CS-3334
HY-N0191
SCHEMBL12056309
BOJKULTULYSRAS-OTESTREVSA-N
(s,e)-4-hydroxy-3-(2-((1r,4as,5r,6r,8as)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylenedecahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3h)-one
Q-100624
gtpl9675
(s,e)-4-hydroxy-3-(2-((1r,4as,5r,6r,8as)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylenedecahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene)dihydrofuran-2
andrographolide, analytical standard
mfcd07778082
andrographolide, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
DB05767
Q4759444
(3e,4s)-3-{2-[(1r,4as,5r,6r,8as)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-decahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene}-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
AS-13637
2(3h)-furanone,3-[2-[(1r,4as,5r,6r,8as)-decahydro-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylene-1-naphthalenyl]ethylidene]dihydro-4-hydroxy-,(3e,4s)-
NCGC00179817-02
andrographolide (usp-rs)
andrographolide (constituent of andrographis)
(1r-(1-alpha(e(s)),4a-beta,5alpha,6alpha,8a-alpha))-3-(2-(decahydro-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylene-1-naphthalenyl)ethylidene)dihydro-4-hydroxy-2(3h)-furanone
3alpha,14,15,18-tetrahydroxy-5beta,9betah,10alpha-labda-8(20),12-dien-16-oic acid gamma-lactone
(3e,4s)-4-hydroxy-3-(2-((1r,4as,5r,6r,8as)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidenedecahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3h)-one
(3e,4s)-3-(2-((1r,4as,5r,6r,8as)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1h-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene)-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Andrographolide (1) is a diterpenoid lactone with an α,β-unsaturated lactone group that inhibits NF-κB DNA binding. "	( Specificity and inhibitory mechanism of andrographolide and its analogues as antiasthma agents on NF-κB p50. Lam, Y; Lin, Q; Loh, XY; Mok, YK; Nguyen, VS; Wang, J; Wijaya, H; Wong, WS, 2015)	2.13
"Andrographolide (AG) is an antitumor phytochemical that acts against non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. "	( Nanoemulsomes for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of the Anticancer Phytochemical Andrographolide: Characterization and Pharmacokinetics. Abdallah, OY; Elnaggar, YSR; Elsheikh, MA; Rizk, SA, 2021)	2.29
"Andrographolide (AG) is a diterpene lactone extracted from A."	( Insight into the pharmacological effects of andrographolide in musculoskeletal disorders. Gao, YZ; Li, HJ; Li, PH; Liu, MY; Liu, RZ; Liu, ZD; Yang, C; Zang, WD; Zhang, L; Zhao, YY; Zhu, YJ, 2022)	1.7
"Andrographolide is an active diterpenoid compound extracted from "	( Real-Time Monitoring the Cytotoxic Effect of Andrographolide on Human Oral Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells. Chao, SC; Chiang, CP; Huang, CC; Lee, SP; Liao, HY; Tang, BH; Wang, JK, 2022)	2.42
"Andrographolide is a promising natural substance with numerous pharmacotherapy uses. "	( A Sensitive Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for Determination of 14-Deoxy-12(R)-Sulfo Andrographolide Concentration in Rat Plasma and its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. Fu, B; Hu, W; Liao, R; Tang, D; Wu, J; Xie, C; Yang, R; Ye, L; Zhao, X, 2022)	2.38
"Andrographolide (AG) is a lactone diterpene with valuable biological activities. "	( Andrographolide protects against doxorubicin-and arsenic trioxide-induced toxicity in cardiomyocytes. Haghighatnazar, S; Safaeian, L; Shafiee, F, 2023)	3.8
"Andrographolide (AGP) is a traditional Chinese patent medicine that has been reported to have protective effects on cardiovascular system."	( Andrographolide improves the dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells from angiotensin II-induced hypertensive mice through SIRT1 signaling. Dong, B; Liu, Z; Qiu, Y; Tao, J; Tu, Q; Xu, L; Zhang, H, 2023)	3.07
"Andrographolide (Andro) is a diterpenoid derived from Andrographis paniculate, which has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and hepatoprotective activities. "	( TMT-based quantitative proteomics reveals the targets of andrographolide on LPS-induced liver injury. Bai, Y; Ge, S; Li, H; Lian, W; Pang, Q; Wang, D; Wang, L; Zhao, F, 2023)	2.6
"Andrographolide (APL) is a compound with a variety of pharmacological properties, including antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects."	( Andrographolide inhibits infectious bronchitis virus-induced apoptosis, pyroptosis, and inflammation. Chang, X; Chen, L; Hou, X; Shen, J; Shen, R; Wu, Y; Xu, Q; Zhao, Z; Zhu, L, 2023)	3.07
"Andrographolide acts as a protective agent for the treatment of complete freund's adjuvant induced rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and nitrite/nitrate levels in a dose-dependent manner, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, reducing levels of chemokines and inflammatory factors, preventing neutrophil accumulation and infiltration."	( Andrographolide ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation and histological outcome in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis. Li, H; Li, X; Liu, J; Luo, S; Wan, Z; Wang, Y; Wu, X; Xie, X; Yang, M; Zhao, Z, 2020)	3.44
"Andrographolide is a new class of anti-inflammatory agent, that has been proposed as a potential drug for autoimmune disorders, including MS."	( Efficacy of andrographolide in not active progressive multiple sclerosis: a prospective exploratory double-blind, parallel-group, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Burgos, RA; Cárcamo, C; Ciampi, E; Cruz, JP; Hancke, J; Pinto, C; Reyes, A; Reyes, D; Uribe-San-Martin, R; Vásquez, M, 2020)	1.66
"Andrographolide (AP) is a major constituent isolated from Andrographis paniculata."	( Andrographolide modulates HNF4α activity imparting on hepatic metabolism. Guan, M; Huang, T; Liu, J; Liu, Q; Ming, Y; Tong, Y; Wang, B; Wang, N; Wong, CW; Yang, M; Yao, D; Zhang, M, 2020)	2.72
"Andrographolide (Andro) is an active compound extracted from Andrographis, which has protective anti-inflammatory effects. "	( Andrographolide protects against endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory response in rats with coronary heart disease by regulating PPAR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Huang, R; Liu, Y; Shi, G; Shu, J; Tian, Y; Zhu, R, 2020)	3.44
"Andrographolide is a highly abundant natural product of the medicinal plant, Andrographis paniculata, which has been clinically used for inflammatory diseases and anti-viral therapy."	( Andrographolide and its fluorescent derivative inhibit the main proteases of 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV through covalent linkage. Chen, CC; Chen, WY; Fu, SL; Hsu, YL; Huang, YL; Lin, CH; Lo, LC; Pi, WC; Shi, TH, 2020)	2.72
"Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid extracted and purified from the aerial parts of plants belonging to genus Andrographis (Acanthaceae). "	( Andrographolide as a potent and promising antiviral agent. Latif, R; Wang, CY, 2020)	3.44
"Andrographolide is a labdene diterpenoid with potential applications against a number of viruses, including the mosquito-transmitted dengue virus (DENV). "	( Andrographolide and Its 14-Aryloxy Analogues Inhibit Zika and Dengue Virus Infection. Khanom, W; Li, F; Paemanee, A; Roytrakul, S; Smith, DR; Sun, X; Wang, D; Zhou, GC, 2020)	3.44
"Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid herb, which is isolated from the leaves of "	( The Effects of Andrographolide on the Enhancement of Chondrogenesis and Osteogenesis in Human Suprapatellar Fat Pad Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Honsawek, S; Kulsirirat, T; Leanpolchareanchai, J; Sathirakul, K; Sinchaipanid, N; Takeda-Morishita, M; Udomsinprasert, W, 2021)	2.42
"Andrographolide (ANDRO) is a major bioactive constituent of Andrographis paniculata, has various biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinesterase, and neuroprotective properties."	( Protective effect of andrographolide against STZ induced Alzheimer's disease in experimental rats: possible neuromodulation and Aβ Kaur, K; Patel, R; Singh, S, 2021)	1.66
"Andrographolide is a diterpenoid lactone from Andrographis paniculate, which has shown anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative effects."	( Andrographolide improves PCP-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors through blocking interaction between NRF2 and KEAP1. Dai, Z; Liu, J; Sui, Y; Wang, X, 2021)	2.79
"Andrographolide (Andro) is an excellent anti-inflammatory bicyclic diterpene γ-lactone. "	( A novel nanosuspension of andrographolide: Preparation, characterization and passive liver target evaluation in rats. Deng, Y; Di, D; Guo, L; Kang, L; Kong, D; Lin, X; Liu, X; Song, Y; Wu, Y, 2017)	2.2
"Andrographolide (AG) is an anti-inflammatory agent extracted from a traditional Chinese herb andrographis paniculata."	( Inhalable Andrographolide-β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes for Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia by Regulating Immune Responses. Han, G; Hu, Y; Jiang, Q; Jin, Y; Li, M; Zhang, E; Zhang, T; Zhu, L, 2017)	1.58
"Andrographolide (AG) is a diterpenoid lactone isolated from the stem and leaves of Andrographis paniculata Nees that is used for the effective treatment of infectious diseases in Asian countries. "	( Andrographolide disrupts meiotic maturation by blocking cytoskeletal reorganisation and decreases the fertilisation potential of mouse oocytes. Chai, WR; Du, T; Kuang, YP; Liang, HX; Long, H; Lu, SS; Lyu, QF; Yan, Z; Yan, ZG; Zhu, XX, 2017)	3.34
"Andrographolide (AG) is a chemical entity from traditional Chinese herbs and its oral pills have been applied to the treatment of respiratory inflammation. "	( Liposomal andrographolide dry powder inhalers for treatment of bacterial pneumonia via anti-inflammatory pathway. Jin, Y; Li, M; Wang, R; Zhang, T; Zhu, L, 2017)	2.3
"Andrographolide (AG) is a major diterpenoid of the Asian medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata which has shown exciting pharmacological potential for the treatment of inflammation-related pathologies including neurodegenerative disorders. "	( Andrographolide-loaded nanoparticles for brain delivery: Formulation, characterisation and in vitro permeability using hCMEC/D3 cell line. Bergonzi, MC; Bilia, AR; Eigenmann, DE; Faleschini, MT; Guccione, C; Hamburger, M; Jähne, EA; Oufir, M; Piazzini, V; Smiesko, M; Zabela, V, 2017)	3.34
"Andrographolide is a main bioactive substance in Andrographis paniculata, and extensively used in anti-inflammatory drugs. "	( [Cloning and tissue expression of mevalonate disphosphate decarboxylase genes from Andrographis paniculata]. Chen, R; Wang, XY; Zhang, EH; Zhong, GY, 2016)	1.88
"Andrographolide is a major diterpenoid of Andrographis paniculata and possesses several biological activities, including protection against oxidative stress mediated neurotoxicity, inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration, and cerebral ischemia. "	( Solid lipid nanoparticles for delivery of andrographolide across the blood-brain barrier: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Bergonzi, MC; Bilia, AR; Casamenti, F; Graverini, G; Landucci, E; Nardiello, P; Pantano, D; Pellegrini-Giampietro, DE; Piazzini, V, 2018)	2.19
"Andrographolide (ANDRO) is a diterpene lactone compound with extensive biological effects, such as antibacterial, antitumor and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. "	( Effect of Andrographolide on Gene Expression Profile and Intracellular Calcium in Primary Rat Myocardium Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Dong, H; Feng, B; Mu, X; Sun, X; Wang, X; Zhang, Q, 2017)	2.3
"Andrographolide (Andro) is a main bioactive constituent of the herb"	( Andrographolide enhanced 5-fluorouracil-induced antitumor effect in colorectal cancer via inhibition of c-MET pathway. Chen, Y; Liu, F; Qin, B; Su, M; Zhang, R, 2017)	2.62
"Andrographolide is a main active ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine Andrographis paniculata，with a variety of pharmacological activity，widely used in clinical practice. "	( [Cloning and functional identification of a new NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in Andrographis paniculata]. Kang, Y; Lin, HX; Liu, Y; Ma, XJ; Qi, MD; Wang, FF; Wang, J; Zhang, Q, 2018)	1.92
"Andrographolide (Andro) is a main active ingredient of the natural plant Andrographis paniculata, which has special effects on bacterial infections and inflammatory diseases."	( Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Andrographolide Derivatives as Anti-inflammatory Agent. Duan, H; Jing, M; Xu, L; Yu, P; Zhu, Z, 2018)	2.19
"Andrographolide is a bioactive diterpenoid lactone isolated from the plant Andrographis paniculata which has been a traditional medicinal herb for respiratory diseases."	( Andrographolide simultaneously augments Nrf2 antioxidant defense and facilitates autophagic flux blockade in cigarette smoke-exposed human bronchial epithelial cells. Dong, J; Liao, W; Peh, HY; Shen, HM; Tan, WSD; Vila, M; Wong, WSF, 2018)	2.64
"Andrographolide is a major bioactive constituent of Andrographis paniculata that has been shown in vitro to have antiviral activity against a number of viruses, including the mosquito transmitted dengue virus (DENV). "	( A proteomic analysis of the anti-dengue virus activity of andrographolide. Hitakarun, A; Paemanee, A; Roytrakul, S; Smith, DR; Wintachai, P, 2019)	2.2
"Andrographolide is a main bioactive diterpene lactone in "	( Synthesis and structure anti-inflammatory activity relationships studies of andrographolide derivatives. Han, G; Jia, H; Liu, L; Yan, Y; Zheng, L, 2020)	2.23
"Andrographolide is a medical herbal compound with documented anti-inflammatory activity and therapeutic efficacy in animal models of Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and ischemic stroke. "	( Andrographolide enhances hippocampal BDNF signaling and suppresses neuronal apoptosis, astroglial activation, neuroinflammation, and spatial memory deficits in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Fang, SP; Hai, J; Lin, Q; Shen, JH; Su, SH; Wang, DP; Wu, YF; Yin, H, 2019)	3.4
"Andrographolide is a natural diterpenoid from Andrographis paniculata that was shown to exert anti-inflammatory activity."	( Treatment with andrographolide sulfonate provides additional benefits to imipenem in a mouse model of Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia. Jiang, C; Liu, L; Liu, N; Xie, N; Xu, Y; Zhang, G, 2019)	1.59
"Andrographolide is a natural diterpenoid from Andrographis paniculata that has been proposed as an anticancer agent as well as a chemosensitizer for use in combination with anticancer drugs. "	( Andrographolide sensitizes Hep-2 human laryngeal cancer cells to carboplatin-induced apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species levels. He, P; Mao, W; Wang, W; Wei, C; Wu, X, 2019)	3.4
"Andrographolide is a natural product that displays evident anti-inflammatory activities."	( Andrographolide triggers autophagy-mediated inflammation inhibition and attenuates chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Geng, J; Guo, W; Liu, J; Liu, W; Yuan, X, 2019)	2.68
"Andrographolide (AP) is a diterpene lactone in the leaves and stem of Andrographis paniculata (Burm."	( Induction of heme oxygenase-1 and inhibition of TPA-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression by andrographolide in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Chao, CY; Chen, HW; Hsu, YT; Li, CC; Lii, CK; Liu, KL; Lu, CY, 2013)	1.33
"Andrographolide (AP) is a major active anti-inflammatory compound extracted from Andrographis paniculata Nees. "	( Comparative metabolism and stability of andrographolide in liver microsomes from humans, dogs and rats using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Hu, H; Wang, YT; Zhao, HY, 2013)	2.1
"Andrographolide (Andro) is a diterpenoid that is isolated from Andrographis paniculata and reported to be active against several cancer cell lines. "	( Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects from sequenced combinations of andrographolide and cisplatin on ovarian cancer cell lines. Huq, F; Jauri, MH; Mutalip, SS; Yu, JQ; Yunos, NM, 2013)	2.06
"Andrographolide is a diterpenoid compound isolated from Andrographis paniculata that exhibits anticancer activity. "	( Andrographolide downregulates the v-Src and Bcr-Abl oncoproteins and induces Hsp90 cleavage in the ROS-dependent suppression of cancer malignancy. Alam, MM; Chen, PF; Chi, CW; Fu, SL; Hung, SK; Kuo, CD; Liang, FP; Lin, CH; Liu, SH; Maiti, B; Sun, CM, 2014)	3.29
"Andrographolide is a major bioactive labdane diterpenoid isolated from Andrographis paniculata and has protective effects against cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung injury. "	( Andrographolide antagonizes cigarette smoke extract-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells through induction of microRNA-218. Li, JB; Li, YJ; Wu, XY; Yu, CH, 2013)	3.28
"Andrographolide (AG) is a main effective ingredient in leaves of Andrographis paniculata. "	( [Advance in studies on anti-infection of andrographolide and its derivatives in past 10 years]. Shao, J; Shi, GX; Wang, CZ; Wang, TM; Yan, YY, 2013)	2.1
"Andrographolide is a bioactive molecule isolated from Andrographis paniculata with anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. "	( Andrographolide attenuates interleukin-1β-stimulated upregulation of chemokine CCL5 and glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes. Chan, SJ; Lai, MK; Wong, PT; Wong, SY; Wong, WS, 2014)	3.29
"Andrographolide is a prominent secondary metabolite found in Andrographis paniculata that exhibits enormous pharmacological effects. "	( Jasmonate-induced biosynthesis of andrographolide in Andrographis paniculata. Geda, AK; Jha, Z; Sharma, SN; Sinha, RK, 2015)	2.14
"Andrographolide is a QS inhibitor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P."	( Andrographolide interferes quorum sensing to reduce cell damage caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Fu, BD; Fu, YX; Guo, X; Leng, CQ; Shen, HQ; Wei, XB; Wu, SC; Wu, YL; Xia, F; Yi, PF; Zhang, LY, 2014)	2.57
"Andrographolide is an active component from the extract of Andrographis paniculata [(Burm.f) Nees], a medicinal plant from the Acanthaceae family. "	( Andrographolide inhibits multiple myeloma cells by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Gao, H; Wang, J, 2016)	3.32
"Andrographolide (ANDRO) is a labdane diterpenoid component of Andrographis paniculata widely used for its anti-inflammatory properties. "	( Andrographolide Stimulates Neurogenesis in the Adult Hippocampus. Arredondo, SB; Hancke, J; Inestrosa, NC; Tapia-Rojas, C; Varela-Nallar, L, 2015)	3.3
"Andrographolide (ANDRO) is a lactone diterpenoid compound present in the medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata which is clinically applied for multiple human diseases in Asia and Europe. "	( Development of a Bifunctional Andrographolide-Based Chemical Probe for Pharmacological Study. Fu, SL; Hsu, YH; Hsu, YL; Lee, PX; Liao, HC; Lin, CH; Liu, SH; Lo, LC, 2016)	2.17
"Andrographolide (Andro) is a potential cancer therapeutic agent isolated from Andrographis paniculata (Burm."	( Synergistic anticancer effects of andrographolide and paclitaxel against A549 NSCLC cells. Gao, F; Lan, M; Sun, B; Yuan, H, 2016)	1.43
"Andrographolide is a traditional herb medicine, widely used in Asia for conditions involving inflammation. "	( Andrographolide derivative AL-1 ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis in mice: involvement of NF-кB and PPAR-γ signaling pathways. Jing, M; Shan, L; Sun, Y; Wang, Y; Xu, L; Yan, H; Yang, Y; Yu, P; Zhang, G; Zhang, Z, 2016)	3.32
"Andrographolide is a natural diterpenoid from Andrographis paniculata which has anti-bacterial, anti-antiviral and anti-inflammation activities."	( Andrographolide reversed 5-FU resistance in human colorectal cancer by elevating BAX expression. Fu, Z; Gao, J; Gu, Y; Guo, W; Li, L; Liu, W; Shu, Y; Sun, Y; Wang, W; Xu, Q, 2016)	2.6
"Andrographolide is a herbal extract traditionally used in South Asian countries for treating inflammatory diseases."	( An ex vivo evaluation of the efficacy of andrographolide in modulating differential expression of transcription factors and target genes in periodontal cells and its potential role in treating periodontal diseases. Anil Kumar, PR; Asha Nair, S; Janam, P; Kumary, TV; Prasad, M; Radhakrishna Pillai, M; Saneesh Babu, PS; Vinod, D, 2017)	2.16
"Andrographolide (ADG) is a diterpenoid isolated from "	( Fabrication and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of amorphous andrographolide nanosuspensions stabilized by d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate/sodium lauryl sulfate. Chen, L; Chen, T; Di, L; Fu, T; Li, J; Qiao, H; Rui, T; Wang, J, 2017)	2.14
"Andrographolide is a diterpenic labdane that possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects."	( Andrographolide reduces IL-2 production in T-cells by interfering with NFAT and MAPK activation. Alarcón, P; Burgos, RA; Carretta, MD; Concha, II; Hancke, JL; Hidalgo, MA; Jara, E; Solis, L, 2009)	2.52
"Andrographolide is a component of a famous traditional Chinese herbal medicine Andrographis paniculate (Burm) Nees. "	( Identification of four urea adducts of andrographolide in humans. Cai, Z; Chan, W; Cui, L; Qiu, F; Yao, X, 2008)	2.06
"Andrographolide (Ap) is a bioactive compound in Andrographis paniculata that is a Chinese herb. "	( Activation of the cAMP/CREB/inducible cAMP early repressor pathway suppresses andrographolide-induced gene expression of the pi class of glutathione S-transferase in rat primary hepatocytes. Chen, HW; Li, CC; Lii, CK; Liu, KL; Lu, CY; Tsai, CW; Yang, AJ, 2010)	2.03
"Andrographolide is a diterpenoid lactone isolated from Andrographis paniculata (King of Bitters), an herbal medicine used in Asia. "	( Mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in lymphoma cells by the diterpenoid lactone andrographolide, the active component of Andrographis paniculata. Bhalla, S; David, K; Evens, AM; Gordon, LI; Prachand, S; Singh, AT; Yang, S, 2010)	2.03
"Andrographolide is a diterpenoid lactone isolated from a traditional medicinal herb, Andrographis paniculata. "	( Neuroprotective effects of andrographolide in a rat model of permanent cerebral ischaemia. Bian, JS; Chan, SJ; Wong, PT; Wong, WS, 2010)	2.1
"Andrographolide (AG) is a diterpenoid lactone isolated from the leaves of Andrographis paniculata. "	( Andrographolide nanoparticles in leishmaniasis: characterization and in vitro evaluations. Bera, T; Das, S; Mondol, S; Mukherjee, A; Roy, P, 2010)	3.25
"Andrographolide (AP) is a major bioactive diterpene lactone in Andrographis paniculata that has anti-inflammatory activity."	( Andrographolide inhibits ICAM-1 expression and NF-κB activation in TNF-α-treated EA.hy926 cells. Chao, CY; Chen, HW; Li, CC; Lii, CK; Liu, KL; Tsai, CW; Tsai, IT, 2011)	2.53
"Andrographolide is a novel NF-κB inhibitor from the leaves of Andrographis paniculata. "	( A novel role of andrographolide, an NF-kappa B inhibitor, on inhibition of platelet activation: the pivotal mechanisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase/cyclic GMP. Chou, DS; Fong, TH; Hsiao, G; Jayakumar, T; Lee, JJ; Lu, WJ; Sheu, JR, 2011)	2.16
"Andrographolide (1) is a major diterpene lactone exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects and is found in the plant Andrographis paniculata (Burm. "	( Anti-inflammatory effect of novel andrographolide derivatives through inhibition of NO and PGE2 production. Chen, XR; Dai, GF; Dong, RJ; Jiang, ZW; Li, WY; Liu, HM; Ma, WY; Xu, HW; Zhao, J; Zhu, LP, 2011)	2.09
"Andrographolide is a major phytoconstituent present in Andrographis paniculata, a plant used in traditional medicines in Asia for various ailments. "	( The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assessments of andrographolide in vitro. Parry, EM; Parry, JM; Sharifuddin, Y, 2012)	2.08
"Andrographolide is a major labdane diterpenoid of the traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. "	( Two novel creatinine adducts of andrographolide in human urine. Chen, L; Cui, L; Qiu, F; Sun, J; Yao, X, 2012)	2.11
"Andrographolide is a prescribed drug used for preventing and treating the common cold, influenza, viral infections or allergies. "	( Water-soluble andrographolide sulfonate exerts anti-sepsis action in mice through down-regulating p38 MAPK, STAT3 and NF-κB pathways. Chen, G; Guo, W; Hong, S; Liu, W; Qian, C; Sun, Y; Xie, N; Xu, Q; Yang, X, 2012)	2.18
"Andrographolide is an active biomolecule isolated from the plant Andrographis paniculata."	( Andrographolide protects against cigarette smoke-induced oxidative lung injury via augmentation of Nrf2 activity. Chan, TK; Cheng, C; Guan, SP; Ho, WE; Mak, JC; Ng, DS; Peh, HY; Tee, W; Wong, WS, 2013)	2.55
"Andrographolide is an immunostimulant agent which can modulate both antigen specific and nonspecific immune function by means of its natural killer cells and macrophage and cytokines induction."	( [Modulation of lianbizi injection (andrographolide) on some immune functions]. Ding, RL; Li, HD; Peng, GY; Yao, K; Zhou, F, 2002)	2.03
"Andrographolide is a bicyclic diterpenoid lactone derived from extracts of Andrographis paniculata, a plant indigenous to South Asian countries that shows anti-inflammatory properties. "	( Andrographolide interferes with T cell activation and reduces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the mouse. Burgos, RA; Figueroa, CA; González, PA; Hancke, JL; Iruretagoyena, MI; Kalergis, AM; Sepúlveda, SE; Tobar, JA, 2005)	3.21
"Andrographolide (Andro) is a potentially anti-inflammatory diterpenoid lactone isolated from the traditional herbal medicine ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA, which has been effectively used for the treatment of infection, inflammation, cold, fever and diarrhea in China for centuries. "	( Andrographolide inhibits human hepatoma-derived Hep3B cell growth through the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Chen, Y; Ji, L; Liu, J; Liu, T; Wang, Z, 2007)	3.23

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Andrographolide has a potent antiviral effect in the treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). "	( The Development of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model of Andrographolide in Mice and Scaling it up to Rats, Dogs, and Humans. Sermsappasuk, P; Talapphetsakun, T; Viyoch, J; Waranuch, N, 2022)	2.39
"Andrographolide (Andro) has a protective effect against colitis and liver injury, but with low bioavailability."	( Andrographolide sodium bisulfite ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and liver injury in mice via inhibiting macrophage proinflammatory polarization from the gut-liver axis. Chen, B; Chen, L; Guan, F; Huang, N; Li, M; Liu, Y; Luo, H; Nie, J; Su, Z; Wei, G; Wu, J; Zhang, X, 2022)	2.89
"Andrographolide has a low aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability, which limits its clinical application. "	( Preparation and evaluation of andrographolide-loaded microemulsion. Dong, X; Du, H; Feng, Q; Han, L; Li, H; Li, X; Niu, X; Yang, X; Ye, M; Zhu, Q, 2012)	2.11
"Andrographolide (1) has been identified as one of the active constituents against atherosclerosis."	( Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity. Bhatia, G; Pandeti, S; Shukla, A; Sonkar, R; Tadigoppula, N, 2013)	1.45
"Andrographolide (AD) has been reported to play a potential anti-arthritic role by facilitating the proliferation and inhibiting the apoptosis of chondrocytes. "	( Andrographolide suppresses osteoarthritis progression by regulating circ_Rapgef1/miR-383-3p/NLRP3 signaling axis. Jiang, H; Jiang, Z; Jin, H; Li, L; Li, Z; Liu, B; Yan, W; Yu, H; Zou, D, 2022)	3.61
"Andrographolide has a potent antiviral effect in the treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). "	( The Development of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model of Andrographolide in Mice and Scaling it up to Rats, Dogs, and Humans. Sermsappasuk, P; Talapphetsakun, T; Viyoch, J; Waranuch, N, 2022)	2.39
"Andrographolide (Andro) has a protective effect against colitis and liver injury, but with low bioavailability."	( Andrographolide sodium bisulfite ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and liver injury in mice via inhibiting macrophage proinflammatory polarization from the gut-liver axis. Chen, B; Chen, L; Guan, F; Huang, N; Li, M; Liu, Y; Luo, H; Nie, J; Su, Z; Wei, G; Wu, J; Zhang, X, 2022)	2.89
"Andrographolide(ADE) has been demonstrated to inhibit tumor growth through direct cytotoxicity on tumor cells. "	( Andrographolide suppresses breast cancer progression by modulating tumor-associated macrophage polarization through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Gao, H; Han, R; Hou, ZL; Li, L; Liao, LW; Lin, ZY; Liu, P; Meng, MY; Tang, WW; Wang, RQ; Wang, WJ; Yang, LL; Yang, SL; Zhao, YY, 2022)	3.61
"Andrographolide (APE) has been used for COVID-19 treatment in various clinical settings in South-East Asia due to its benefits on reduction of viral clearance and prevention of disease progression. "	( Karbwang, J; Na-Bangchang, K; Saeheng, T, 2022)	2.16
"Andrographolide has been shown to have anticancer and chemosensitizer properties in a variety of solid tumors, including stomach cancer but the exact molecular mechanism is skeptical."	( Exploring the mechanism of andrographolide in the treatment of gastric cancer through network pharmacology and molecular docking. Das, M; Ghosh, S; Sadhukhan, S; Saha, ML; Yadav, RP, 2022)	1.74
"Andrographolide (Andro) has been demonstrated to possess neuroprotective properties, although its underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown."	( Andrographolide exerts a neuroprotective effect by regulating the LRP1-mediated PPARγ/NF-κB pathway. Gu, L; Hu, M; Ju, Y; Li, Q; Zhang, X; Zheng, M; Zhou, X, 2023)	3.07
"Andrographolide (AG) has been reported to have antitumor activity against a variety of tumors."	( Andrographolide Induces Autophagic Cell Death and Inhibits Invasion and Metastasis of Human Osteosarcoma Cells in An Autophagy-Dependent Manner. Gu, R; Li, Q; Liu, Y; Lu, P; Wu, X; Yan, L; Yu, X; Zhang, Y; Zhu, D; Zou, J, 2017)	2.62
"Andrographolide (ANDRO) has been studied for its immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotection effects. "	( Andrographolide protects mouse astrocytes against hypoxia injury by promoting autophagy and S100B expression. Ding, Y; Du, J; Li, A; Li, K; Na, X; Zhang, C; Zhang, Q, 2018)	3.37
"Andrographolide has been found to exert neuroprotective effects in several models of neurological diseases."	( Andrographolide alleviates Parkinsonism in MPTP-PD mice via targeting mitochondrial fission mediated by dynamin-related protein 1. Fan, T; Gao, J; Geng, J; Guo, W; Jiang, C; Liu, W; Qin, ZH; Sun, Y; Xu, Q, 2019)	2.68
"Andrographolide has been shown to have anticancer activity on diverse cancer cell lines representing different types of human cancers. "	( Proliferative and apoptotic effects of andrographolide on the BGC-823 human gastric cancer cell line. Han, B; Huang, D; Li, SG; Peng, T; Shao, QS; Shu, LS; Tao, HQ; Wang, YY; Yang, J; Yang, YJ; Ye, ZY; Zhao, YF, 2013)	2.1
"Andrographolide has potential as a leading compound in the prevention or treatment of obesity and insulin resistance."	( Andrographolide prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice by suppressing the sterol regulatory element-binding protein pathway. Ding, L; Huang, W; Li, J; Qi, M; Song, B; Tang, X; Wang, Z; Xiao, X; Yang, L; Yang, Q; Zhang, B, 2014)	2.57
"Andrographolide (Andro) has been reported to have anticancer activity in multiple types of cancer."	( Andrographolide inhibits melanoma tumor growth by inactivating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Ding, Y; Fang, HY; Gong, P; Gu, QL; He, XD; Lan, T; Lei, Y; Li, JC; Li, WD; Liu, HY; Qi, CL; Wang, LJ; Wu, XY; Yang, X; Yang, Y; Zhang, QQ; Zhou, DL, 2014)	2.57
"Andrographolide and analogues have been widely used for prevention of different diseases."	( Andrographolide and analogues in cancer prevention. Kim, HM; Mishra, SK; Oh, SH; Shukla, A; Tripathi, S, 2015)	2.58
"Andrographolide (Androg) has been reported to contain antiviral and antitumor activities, but the effects of Androg on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer have not been elucidated. "	( Activity of Andrographolide and Its Derivatives on HPV16 Pseudovirus Infection and Viral Oncogene Expression in Cervical Carcinoma Cells. Aromdee, C; Ekalaksananan, T; Fangkham, S; Kongyingyoes, B; Pientong, C; Seubsasana, S; Sookmai, W, 2015)	2.24
"Andrographolide (Andro) has been reported to have anticancer activity in multiple types of cancer due to its capacity to inactivate NF-κB pathway. "	( Andrographolide suppresses proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via attenuating NF-κB pathway. Chen, Z; Hu, M; Huang, S; Peng, T; Wu, TT; Zhang, C; Zhou, XH, 2015)	3.3
"Andrographolide has been shown to have therapeutic potential against various cancers."	( Andrographolide suppresses epithelial mesenchymal transition by inhibition of MAPK signalling pathway in lens epithelial cells. Arora, A; Gajjar, D; Ganatra, D; Johar, K; Kayastha, F; Madhu, H; Vasavada, A, 2015)	2.58
"Andrographolide (Andro) has emerged recently as a potential and effective anticancer agent with induction of apoptosis in some cancer cell lines while induction of G2/M arrest with weak apoptosis in others. "	( Taxifolin synergizes Andrographolide-induced cell death by attenuation of autophagy and augmentation of caspase dependent and independent cell death in HeLa cells. Alqouqa, I; Alzaharna, M; Cheung, HY, 2017)	2.22
"Andrographolide has a low aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability, which limits its clinical application. "	( Preparation and evaluation of andrographolide-loaded microemulsion. Dong, X; Du, H; Feng, Q; Han, L; Li, H; Li, X; Niu, X; Yang, X; Ye, M; Zhu, Q, 2012)	2.11
"Andrographolide has been shown to activate nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a redox-sensitive antioxidant transcription factor."	( Andrographolide protects against cigarette smoke-induced oxidative lung injury via augmentation of Nrf2 activity. Chan, TK; Cheng, C; Guan, SP; Ho, WE; Mak, JC; Ng, DS; Peh, HY; Tee, W; Wong, WS, 2013)	2.55
"Andrographolide has been reported to possess a variety of pharmacological activities. "	( Andrographolide inhibits the production of TNF-alpha and interleukin-12 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages: role of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Ge, BX; Kong, L; Qin, LH; Shi, GJ; Wang, ZT, 2006)	3.22
"Andrographolide has the extensive pharmacological actions, such as anti-tumor, dephlogisticate and antibiosis and anti-virus."	( [Advances in study on anti-tumor mechanism of andrographolide]. Qi, CL; Wang, LJ; Zhou, XL, 2007)	1.32

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Andrographolide promotes mouse skeletal muscle regeneration."	( Andrographolide promotes skeletal muscle regeneration after acute injury through epigenetic modulation. Chen, X; Fan, W; Hu, W; Liu, W; Lou, G; Meng, X; Shi, Y; Wang, B; Wang, Y; Wen, L; Wu, Z; Xiao, H; Xu, H; Xu, Y; Yang, L; Yang, Y; Yao, H, 2020)	2.72
"Andrographolide plays a crucial role in maintaining gastric vascular homeostasis during gastric ulcer development through regulating vascular endothelial cell glycolytic pathway."	( Andrographolide attenuates imbalance of gastric vascular homeostasis induced by ethanol through glycolysis pathway. Fan, W; Gao, Y; Jiang, Q; Liu, W; Lou, G; Wang, Y; Wu, Z; Xu, H; Xu, Y; Yao, H; Zheng, C, 2019)	2.68
"Andrographolide may also inhibit the onset and/or progression of Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and surgery- or diabetes-induced cognitive impairment."	( A review for the neuroprotective effects of andrographolide in the central nervous system. Chen, J; Chen, Z; He, H; Huang, C; Huang, H; Lu, J; Ma, Y; Wang, X; Wu, J, 2019)	1.5
"Andrographolide can inhibit BGC-823 cells proliferation, arrest BGC-823 cells in G0/G1 phase and induce apoptosis, and may be a potential traditional Chinese medicine with anti-cancer effect."	( [Effect of andrographolide on proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells]. Huang, D; Li, SG; Peng, T; Shao, QS; Wang, YY; Yang, YJ; Zhao, YF, 2013)	2.22
"Andrographolide can increase the radiosensitivity of esophageal cell line ECA109."	( Andrographolide radiosensitizes human esophageal cancer cell line ECA109 to radiation in vitro. Cai, J; Huang, GH; Kang, YH; Ma, JX; Sun, XC; Wang, JF; Wang, ZM; Xu, LP; Yang, BX; Yang, LP; Yang, X; Zhang, Q; Zhao, KL, 2016)	2.6
"Andrographolide significantly promotes cancer cell death compared to normal cells."	( Endoplasmic reticulum stress and IRE-1 signaling cause apoptosis in colon cancer cells in response to andrographolide treatment. Ahmed, H; Banerjee, A; Blanchard, TG; Czinn, SJ; Yang, P, 2016)	1.37
"Andrographolide displays diverse biological activities including hypoglycemia, hypolipidemia, anti-inflammation, and anti-tumorigenesis."	( Andrographolide inhibits adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells by suppressing C/EBPβ expression and activation. Chen, CC; Chen, HW; Chen, YT; Chuang, WT; Huang, CS; Lii, CK; Lin, AH; Tsai, CW, 2016)	2.6
"Andrographolide can inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, block the cell cycle, and promote apoptosis in SGC7901 cells."	( Andrographolide Inhibits Proliferation and Metastasis of SGC7901 Gastric Cancer Cells. Dai, L; Pan, W; Wang, G, 2017)	2.62
"Andrographolide was shown to suppress LPS/IFN-γ-induced inducible nitric-oxide synthase and matrix metalloprotease 9 expression in rat VSMCs."	( Andrographolide enhances nuclear factor-kappaB subunit p65 Ser536 dephosphorylation through activation of protein phosphatase 2A in vascular smooth muscle cells. Chen, SW; Chiu, PT; Chiu, YH; Hsiao, G; Hsieh, CY; Hsu, MJ; Huang, CW; Jayakumar, T; Sheu, JR; Wang, YH, 2011)	2.53
"Andrographolide could inhibit the activation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK and NK-κB induced by ox-LDL in macrophage foam cells, which might be one of its mechanisms in preventing atherosclerosis."	( Effects of andrographolide on the activation of mitogen activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB in mouse peritoneal macrophage-derived foam cells. Li, FX; Li, SS, 2012)	2.21
"Andrographolide was found to cause a weak increase in micronuclei induction at 10-50 μM in both AHH-1 and MCL-5 cell lines, respectively which were within the historical range."	( The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assessments of andrographolide in vitro. Parry, EM; Parry, JM; Sharifuddin, Y, 2012)	1.35
"Andrographolide failed to lower plasma glucose in the presence of opioid micro-receptor antagonists and in the opioid micro-receptor knockout diabetic mice."	( Mediation of beta-endorphin in andrographolide-induced plasma glucose-lowering action in type I diabetes-like animals. Chang, CK; Cheng, JT; Su, CF; Yu, BC, 2008)	1.35
"Andrographolide may inhibit HIV-induced cell cycle dysregulation, leading to a rise in CD4(+) lymphocyte levels in HIV-1 infected individuals."	( A phase I trial of andrographolide in HIV positive patients and normal volunteers. Babish, JG; Berman, SH; Calabrese, C; Dorr, M; Ma, X; Shinto, L; Standish, LJ; Wells, K; Wenner, CA, 2000)	1.36

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Andrographolide treatment resulted in a significantly decreased SWD (15.24 ± 0.45 vs."	( Can Viscoelasticity Measurements Obtained Through Shear-Wave US Elastography be used to Monitor Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Treatment Response? An Animal Study. Chen, Y; Kong, W; Liu, L; Tang, Y; Zhang, G; Zhao, J, 2020)	1.28
"Andrographolide treatment in CHIKV infected THP-1 cells significantly reduced IRE1α and downstream spliced XBP1 protein expression. "	( Andrographolide Mitigates Unfolded Protein Response Pathway and Apoptosis Involved in Chikungunya Virus Infection. Ganju, L; Gupta, S; Kumar, B; Mishra, KP; Singh, SB, 2021)	3.51
"Andrographolide treatment dramatically increased expression of myotube differentiation related genes, including Desmin, MyoD, MyoG, Myomaker, Tnni2, Dmd, Myoz1 and Myoz3."	( Andrographolide promotes skeletal muscle regeneration after acute injury through epigenetic modulation. Chen, X; Fan, W; Hu, W; Liu, W; Lou, G; Meng, X; Shi, Y; Wang, B; Wang, Y; Wen, L; Wu, Z; Xiao, H; Xu, H; Xu, Y; Yang, L; Yang, Y; Yao, H, 2020)	2.72
"Andrographolide treatment could increase the survival rate, diminish lung pathology, decrease the virus loads and the inflammatory cytokines expression induced by infection."	( Andrographolide inhibits influenza A virus-induced inflammation in a murine model through NF-κB and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Chen, L; Ding, Y; Liu, S; Wu, W; Yang, J; Yang, Z, 2017)	2.62
"Andrographolide treatment resulted in a decreased percentage of T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells and an increased proportion of Th2 cells, as demonstrated by flow cytometry analysis."	( Andrographolide affects Th1/Th2/Th17 responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ulcerative colitis patients. Chen, X; Feng, Y; He, Q; Wang, W; Zheng, P; Zhou, F; Zhou, J; Zhu, Q, 2018)	2.64
"Andrographolide treatment with radiation significantly inhibited cancer metastasis in vivo."	( Andrographolide enhances the anti-metastatic effect of radiation in Ras-transformed cells via suppression of ERK-mediated MMP-2 activity. Chen, CA; Chiou, WY; Fu, SL; Hung, SK; Lee, MS; Lin, HY; Su, YC; Yu, CC, 2018)	2.64
"Andrographolide treatment effectively reduced NF-κβ nuclear localization by modulating protein kinase A- protein phosphatase 2 A- Iκβ kinase (PKA/PP2 A/IKK) axis that in turn maintains initiator caspase8 activity."	( Cathepsin B mediated scramblase activation triggers cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest by andrographolide to overcome cellular resistance in cisplatin resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Banerjee, S; Chakraborty, P; Chatterjee, S; Chowdhury, KD; Patra, D; Sadhukhan, GC; Sarkar, A; Sengupta, D, 2019)	1.46
"Andrographolide pretreatment dramatically attenuates ethanol intragastric administration induced imbalance of gastric vascular homeostasis which characterized by severe hemorrhage, increase extracellular matrix deposition and augment macrophage infiltration."	( Andrographolide attenuates imbalance of gastric vascular homeostasis induced by ethanol through glycolysis pathway. Fan, W; Gao, Y; Jiang, Q; Liu, W; Lou, G; Wang, Y; Wu, Z; Xu, H; Xu, Y; Yao, H; Zheng, C, 2019)	2.68
"Andrographolide treatment during CCH suppressed astrocyte activation as evidenced by reduced GFAP expression, enhanced expression of BDNF and TrkB, improved impaired spatial learning and memory, and reversed upregulated TNF-α, IL-1β, and caspase-3 expression."	( Andrographolide enhances hippocampal BDNF signaling and suppresses neuronal apoptosis, astroglial activation, neuroinflammation, and spatial memory deficits in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Fang, SP; Hai, J; Lin, Q; Shen, JH; Su, SH; Wang, DP; Wu, YF; Yin, H, 2019)	2.68
"Andrographolide treatment decreased the relaxing effect of PVAT in endotoxaemic rats."	( Andrographolide protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular hyporeactivity by suppressing the expression of inducible nitric oxide in periaortic adipose. Hai-Mei, L; Jin-Wen, X; Le-Quan, Z; Run-Mei, L; Song-Yin, H; Xiao-Huang, X; Xiao-Ping, L, 2013)	2.55
"Andrographolide pretreatment was found to attenuate the upregulation of CCL5 and glial fibrillary basic protein as well as reduce the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB p65 and IκBα after interleukin 1β stimulation."	( Andrographolide attenuates interleukin-1β-stimulated upregulation of chemokine CCL5 and glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes. Chan, SJ; Lai, MK; Wong, PT; Wong, SY; Wong, WS, 2014)	2.57
"Andrographolide pretreatment suppressed CCl4-induced plasma aminotransferase activity and hepatic lipid peroxidation (p<0.05)."	( Bioavailability of andrographolide and protection against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative damage in rats. Chen, HW; Huang, CS; Huang, YJ; Li, CC; Lii, CK; Lin, AH; Wang, TS; Yao, HT, 2014)	1.45
"Andrographolide treatment inhibited liver neutrophil infiltration, while a decreased in TNF-α and COX-2 signalling indicated macrophage activation."	( Modulation of thioacetamide-induced hepatic inflammations, angiogenesis and fibrosis by andrographolide in mice. Chang, HH; Chang, YS; Huang, TH; Lee, TY; Wen, CK, 2014)	1.35
"Andrographolide sulfonate treatment has been shown to improve clinical severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) efficacies when combined with conventional therapy. "	( Clinical Efficacy of Andrographolide Sulfonate in the Treatment of Severe Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is Dependent upon Inhibition of Neutrophil Activation. Chen, X; Ding, X; Hu, J; Li, J; Li, X; Liang, L; Lv, A; Wen, T; Xu, W, 2015)	2.18
"Andrographolide treatment in vitro attenuated either LPS or IL-4 induced macrophage activation, inhibited both M1 and M2 cytokines expression and decreased IL-12/IL-10 ratio (the ratio of M1/M2 polarization). "	( Immunomodulatory activity of andrographolide on macrophage activation and specific antibody response. Boraschi, D; Dong, SF; Italiani, P; Liu, CH; Ma, SP; Qu, D; Sun, SH; Wang, J; Wang, W; Xu, J, 2010)	2.09
"Andrographolide treatment inhibited cell growth, down-regulated EGFRs on the cell surface and affected the degradation of EGFRs and TfRs. "	( Andrographolide regulates epidermal growth factor receptor and transferrin receptor trafficking in epidermoid carcinoma (A-431) cells. Chiow, KH; Huang, D; Tan, Y; Wong, SH, 2010)	3.25
"Andrographolide treatment significantly reduced lesion size in a dose-dependent manner and significantly increased response latency."	( Therapeutic potential of andrographolide for treating endometriosis. Guo, SW; Liu, X; Zheng, Y, 2012)	1.4
"Andrographolide treatment significantly decreased EOS count in BALF (P<0.05) and the effect of andrographolide was better than the effect of budesonide. "	( [Effects of andrographolide on the expression of eosinophil granulocytes and possible mechanisms]. Fan, XY; Guo, S; Jin, R; Li, YH; Ma, H; Wang, MY; Wu, LX; Zhang, JH, 2012)	2.2
"Andrographolide treatment inhibited the in vitro proliferation of different tumor cell lines, representing various types of cancers."	( Andrographolide, a potential cancer therapeutic agent isolated from Andrographis paniculata. Deevi, DS; Kumar, RA; Rajagopal, S; Rajagopalan, R; Satyanarayana, C, )	2.3
"In andrographolide-treated cells, evidence of apoptosis such as cell shrinkage and surface microvilli loss after 4-hour treatment and chromatin condensation and fragmentation in H&E-stained cells between 4 to 8 hours after treatment were observed."	( Morphological and biochemical changes of andrographolide-induced cell death in human prostatic adenocarcinoma PC-3 cells. Hung, CS; Hwi, KK; Kim, TG, )	0.91
"When andrographolide-treated groups were compared with controls, the MIC of ceftazidine, cefpirome, L-ofloxacin and meropenem for both strains decreased, and the relative mexB mRNA expression was significantly lower, although between andrographolide groups there were no significant differences."	( Effect and mechanism of andrographolide on the recovery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptibility to several antibiotics. Cao, JL; Ou, Y; Song, JX; Wu, CM; Zhang, L; Zheng, MH; Zhu, XQ, )	0.89
"Treatment with andrographolide inhibited migration of Ras-transformed cells. "	( Andrographolide enhances the anti-metastatic effect of radiation in Ras-transformed cells via suppression of ERK-mediated MMP-2 activity. Chen, CA; Chiou, WY; Fu, SL; Hung, SK; Lee, MS; Lin, HY; Su, YC; Yu, CC, 2018)	2.28
"Pretreatment with andrographolide (1 mg/kg body weight) markedly attenuated lung inflammation in CS-exposed mice, coupled with reduced numbers of total cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and decreased production of cytokine/chemokine into BALF."	( Andrographolide protects against cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation through activation of heme oxygenase-1. Guo, F; Song, L; Yang, D; Zhang, W, 2013)	2.16
"Treatment with andrographolide significantly inhibited phosphorylation of ERK and JNK."	( Andrographolide suppresses epithelial mesenchymal transition by inhibition of MAPK signalling pathway in lens epithelial cells. Arora, A; Gajjar, D; Ganatra, D; Johar, K; Kayastha, F; Madhu, H; Vasavada, A, 2015)	2.2
"Treatment with andrographolide also reduced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activation protein-1 (AP-1) DNA-binding activity."	( Andrographolide acts as an anti-inflammatory agent in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages by inhibiting STAT3-mediated suppression of the NF-κB pathway. Chang, HH; Chung, YH; Lee, KC; Lee, TY, 2011)	2.15
"Treatment with andrographolide significantly suppresses the growth of ectopic endometrium in vitro and in vivo, and results in a significant improvement in generalized hyperalgesia in rats with induced endometriosis. "	( Therapeutic potential of andrographolide for treating endometriosis. Guo, SW; Liu, X; Zheng, Y, 2012)	1.04
"Pretreatment with andrographolide sulfonate significantly decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and transaminase activities in serum, attenuated liver and lung damage, and improved the survival of mice with experimental sepsis."	( Water-soluble andrographolide sulfonate exerts anti-sepsis action in mice through down-regulating p38 MAPK, STAT3 and NF-κB pathways. Chen, G; Guo, W; Hong, S; Liu, W; Qian, C; Sun, Y; Xie, N; Xu, Q; Yang, X, 2012)	1.06
"Oral treatment of andrographolide decreased the plasma glucose concentrations of STZ-diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner."	( Antihyperglycemic effect of andrographolide in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Chen, WC; Cheng, JT; Hung, CR; Yu, BC, 2003)	0.94
"Treatment with andrographolide was able to significantly reduce EAE symptoms in mice by inhibiting T cell and antibody responses directed to myelin antigens."	( Andrographolide interferes with T cell activation and reduces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the mouse. Burgos, RA; Figueroa, CA; González, PA; Hancke, JL; Iruretagoyena, MI; Kalergis, AM; Sepúlveda, SE; Tobar, JA, 2005)	2.11
"Pretreatment with andrographolide but not with the other compounds protected the cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/ reoxygenation injury and up-regulated the cellular-reduced glutathione (GSH) level and antioxidant enzyme activities."	( Andrographolide up-regulates cellular-reduced glutathione level and protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Cheng, CH; Tsui, SK; Waye, MM; Woo, AY; Yeung, ST, 2008)	2.11

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Thus, the study points to a male reproductive toxic effect of this compound when used as a therapeutic; the study also confirms the possible prospective use of andrographolide in male contraception."	( Aspects of the male reproductive toxicity/male antifertility property of andrographolide in albino rats: effect on the testis and the cauda epididymidal spermatozoa. Akbarsha, MA; Murugaian, P, 2000)	0.73
" Doses of 3 and 5 up to 100 mg/kg did not show any serious toxic effects."	( Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and toxic effects of andrographolide derivatives in experimental animals. Arkaravichien, T; Aromdee, C; Pongnaratorn, P; Sattayasai, J; Suebsasana, S; Tiamkao, S, 2009)	0.59

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Validated analytical methods (HPLC, CE and GC-MS) for determining the amount of andrographolide (AND) in the blood plasma of rats and human volunteers following the oral administration of Andrographis paniculata extract (APE) and Andrographis paniculata fixed combination Kan Jang tablets were developed and used for the pharmacokinetic study."	( Pharmacokinetic and oral bioavailability of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata fixed combination Kan Jang in rats and human. Abrahamian, H; Gabrielian, E; Goukasova, G; Hambardzumyan, E; Hovhannisyan, A; Mamikonyan, G; Panossian, A; Wagner, H; Wikman, G, 2000)	0.8
" The data obtained was processed using the 3P87 pharmacokinetic program."	( HPLC determination of andrographolide in rat whole blood: study on the pharmacokinetics of andrographolide incorporated in liposomes and tablets. Suo, XB; Wang, YQ; Zhang, H, 2007)	0.65
" The elimination half-life (t(1/2beta)) and mean residence time (MRT) of theophylline were shortened by 14% and 17%, respectively, in the AG pretreated group when high-dose theophylline (5mg/kg) was given."	( Herb-drug interaction of Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in rats. Chien, CF; Lee, WC; Lin, LC; Tsai, TH; Wu, YT, 2010)	0.6
" In vivo pharmacokinetic properties and intestinal absorption of PSDS pellets in rat were investigated."	( [Intestinal absorption of enteric coating potassium sodium dehydroandroan drographolide succinate pellets in rat and in vivo pharmacokinetics study]. Gao, Y; Huang, GH; Wang, ZL, 2011)	0.37
" The main drug pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated."	( [Intestinal absorption of enteric coating potassium sodium dehydroandroan drographolide succinate pellets in rat and in vivo pharmacokinetics study]. Gao, Y; Huang, GH; Wang, ZL, 2011)	0.37
" The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of ASB intravenously administered to Beagle dogs."	( Determination of andrograpolide sodium bisulphite in Beagle dog plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetics. Fan, YM; Zhang, SQ, 2012)	0.38
" The method was fully validated and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of DHA and DHAS in rats."	( Simultaneous determination of 9-dehydro-17-hydro-andrographolide and sodium 9-dehydro-17-hydro-andrographolide-19-yl sulfate in rat plasma by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS after administration of xiyanping injection: application to a pharmacokinetic study. Chen, W; Chong, L; Jiang, Z; Luo, Y, 2013)	0.64
" The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats after a single intravenous dose of 5 mg/kg AND and DEO-AND, respectively."	( Comparative pharmacokinetic studies of andrographolide and its metabolite of 14-deoxy-12-hydroxy-andrographolide in rat by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Wang, CH; Wang, ZT; Xu, C; Yang, T, 2013)	0.66
"This study investigates the site-specific distribution of AG in different tissues of rats and its pharmacokinetic parameter evaluation by using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method."	( Pharmacokinetic analysis and tissue distribution of andrographolide in rat by a validated LC-MS/MS method. Ahmed, SK; Bera, R; Karmakar, S; Sarkar, L; Sen, T, 2014)	0.65
" The apparent C(max), T(max), elimination half-life and total exposure (AUC(0-α)) were 115."	( Pharmacokinetic analysis and tissue distribution of andrographolide in rat by a validated LC-MS/MS method. Ahmed, SK; Bera, R; Karmakar, S; Sarkar, L; Sen, T, 2014)	0.65
"Isolation of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata, preparation of a library of derivatives via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of andrographolide with azomethine ylides generated from isatin derivatives or acenaphthoquinone and seconday α-amino acids, evaluation of the anticancer potential of the products, quantitative structure activity relationship studies and pharmacokinetic parameter determination have been described."	( Towards the development of anticancer drugs from andrographolide: semisynthesis, bioevaluation, QSAR analysis and pharmacokinetic studies. Banerjee, S; Bharitkar, YP; Chakraborty, D; Halder, AK; Hazra, A; Jha, T; Mondal, C; Mondal, NB; Mondal, SK, 2015)	1.04
" The main pharmacokinetic parameters of Cmax, tmax, t1/2, MRT, Vd, CL, and AUC were calculated by non-compartment model."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interaction of Andrographis paniculata (Nees) extract and andrographolide with etoricoxib after oral administration in rats. Atre, B; Balap, A; Lohidasan, S; Mahadik, K; Sinnathambi, A, 2016)	0.65
" In pharmacodynamic study, ETO alone and ETO+APE (10+200mg/kg) groups exhibited significant synergistic anti-arthritic activity as compared to groups ETO+AN, APE and AN alone."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interaction of Andrographis paniculata (Nees) extract and andrographolide with etoricoxib after oral administration in rats. Atre, B; Balap, A; Lohidasan, S; Mahadik, K; Sinnathambi, A, 2016)	0.65
"The results obtained from this study suggested that ETO, APE and pure AN existed pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions in rat which is correlated with anti-arthritic study."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interaction of Andrographis paniculata (Nees) extract and andrographolide with etoricoxib after oral administration in rats. Atre, B; Balap, A; Lohidasan, S; Mahadik, K; Sinnathambi, A, 2016)	0.65
"01) all the pharmacokinetic parameters, such as Cmax, AUC0-n, AUCtotal, t1/2, and mean residence time, and decreased the clearance, Vd, markedly as compared with the control group."	( Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interaction of Boswellic Acids and Andrographolide with Glyburide in Diabetic Rats: Including Its PK/PD Modeling. Samala, S; Veeresham, C, 2016)	0.67
" Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions were studied after co-administration of APE and AN with NAB in Wistar rats."	( Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interaction of Andrographolide and Standardized Extract of Andrographis paniculata (Nees) with Nabumetone in Wistar Rats. Balap, A; Lohidasan, S; Mahadik, K; Sinnathambi, A, 2017)	0.71
"The results obtained from this study suggested that NP, APE and pure AN existed pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions in rat which is correlated with anti-arthritic study."	( Herb-drug interaction of Andrographis paniculata (Nees) extract and andrographolide on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of naproxen in rats. Balap, A; Lohidasan, S; Mahadik, K; Sinnathambi, A, 2017)	0.69
" In addition, Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes incubation systems were used to support the in vivo pharmacokinetic data and investigate its potential mechanism."	( Influence of andrographolide on the pharmacokinetics of warfarin in rats. Wang, X; Zhang, X; Zhao, M, 2018)	0.85
" The pharmacokinetic results indicated that co-administration of andrographolide could increase the systemic exposure of warfarin significantly, including area under the curve (118."	( Influence of andrographolide on the pharmacokinetics of warfarin in rats. Wang, X; Zhang, X; Zhao, M, 2018)	1.09
"Despite the better pharmacokinetic profile of DHY, EN remains the main chemical contributor to plant bioactivity."	( Comparing the pharmacokinetics of 13α,21-dihydroeurycomanone and eurycomanone exclusively enriched in Eurycoma longifolia extracts and their spermatogenesis enhancement in andrographolide-induced oligospermia in rats. Chan, KL; Chung, WJ; Lee, CY, 2021)	0.82
"First, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed."	( Prediction of Free Drug Absorption in Cyclodextrin Formulation by a Modified Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model and Phase Solubility 3-D Surface Graph. Ouyang, D; Wang, W, 2021)	0.62
" In vivo pharmacokinetic studies of EML-AG showed significant enhancement (> sixfold increase) in the rate and extent of AG absorption compared with free AG."	( Nanoemulsomes for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of the Anticancer Phytochemical Andrographolide: Characterization and Pharmacokinetics. Abdallah, OY; Elnaggar, YSR; Elsheikh, MA; Rizk, SA, 2021)	0.85
"The study aims to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) animal model and scale it up to a human model to predict andrographolide concentrations in the lungs."	( The Development of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model of Andrographolide in Mice and Scaling it up to Rats, Dogs, and Humans. Sermsappasuk, P; Talapphetsakun, T; Viyoch, J; Waranuch, N, 2022)	1.16
"58) was used to establish the PBPK model based on 24 enrolled pharmacokinetic studies."	( The Development of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model of Andrographolide in Mice and Scaling it up to Rats, Dogs, and Humans. Sermsappasuk, P; Talapphetsakun, T; Viyoch, J; Waranuch, N, 2022)	0.95
"To investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of SAP, a precise and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of SAP concentration in rat plasma was developed and validated in this study."	( A Sensitive Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for Determination of 14-Deoxy-12(R)-Sulfo Andrographolide Concentration in Rat Plasma and its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. Fu, B; Hu, W; Liao, R; Tang, D; Wu, J; Xie, C; Yang, R; Ye, L; Zhao, X, 2022)	0.94
" This SAP quantification method was then successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of SAP."	( A Sensitive Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for Determination of 14-Deoxy-12(R)-Sulfo Andrographolide Concentration in Rat Plasma and its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. Fu, B; Hu, W; Liao, R; Tang, D; Wu, J; Xie, C; Yang, R; Ye, L; Zhao, X, 2022)	0.94
") ethanolic extract (APE) and andrographolide (AND) (a potent CYP2C9 inducer/inhibitor) can alter the pharmacokinetic parameters of glipizide (GLZ)."	( Pharmacokinetic Herb-Drug Interactions of Glipizide with Amalia Prihati, D; Lukitaningsih, E; Nugroho, AE; Nurrochmad, A; Puspitasari, I; Sundhani, E, 2022)	1.01

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The blood theophylline levels were monitored by microdialysis sampling combined with HPLC-UV."	( Herb-drug interaction of Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in rats. Chien, CF; Lee, WC; Lin, LC; Tsai, TH; Wu, YT, 2010)	0.6
"An off-line two-dimensional high-speed counter-current chromatography method combined with gradient and recycling elution mode was established to isolate terpenoids and flavones from the leaves of Andrographis paniculata (Burm."	( Separation of five compounds from leaves of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees by off-line two-dimensional high-speed counter-current chromatography combined with gradient and recycling elution. Chen, X; Jiang, S; Liu, Q; Yu, J; Zeng, H; Zhang, L, 2015)	0.42
"The influence of albumin towards the metabolism behavior of fenoprofen enantiomers and relevant drug-drug interaction was investigated in the present study."	( Albumin Supplement Affects the Metabolism and Metabolism-Related Drug-Drug Interaction of Fenoprofen Enantiomers. Chen, JW; Meng, Y; Wang, F; Wang, JX; Wang, N; Yang, GH, 2015)	0.42
" GLZ was administered alone and in combination with APE or AND to normal and diabetic rats."	( Pharmacokinetic Herb-Drug Interactions of Glipizide with Amalia Prihati, D; Lukitaningsih, E; Nugroho, AE; Nurrochmad, A; Puspitasari, I; Sundhani, E, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The validated method may be used to assess the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of the drug."	( Determination of andrographolide in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Chen, B; Gu, Y; Liu, Y; Ma, J; Yao, S, 2007)	0.68
"The results proved that the andrographolide complex produced by this method has better bioavailability and hence improved hepatoprotective activity compared with andrographolide at the same dose."	( Enhancing bioavailability and hepatoprotective activity of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata, a well-known medicinal food, through its herbosome. Maiti, K; Mukherjee, K; Mukherjee, PK; Murugan, V; Saha, BP, 2010)	0.9
" The bioavailability of andrographolide from optimized nanoparticles and pure andrographolide was assessed in male Wistar albino rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg."	( Improved bioavailability of orally administered andrographolide from pH-sensitive nanoparticles. Chellampillai, B; Pawar, AP, 2011)	0.93
" This study determined its oral bioavailability and how intestinal disposition affects its bioavailability."	( Poor oral bioavailability of a promising anticancer agent andrographolide is due to extensive metabolism and efflux by P-glycoprotein. Cai, Z; Hu, M; Liu, W; Liu, Z; Tang, L; Wang, T; Yang, Z; Ye, L; Zheng, Z; Zhou, J, 2011)	0.61
" Although hepatoprotective activity of AN is established, but their bioavailability is restricted due to its rapid clearance."	( Enhancement of absorption and hepatoprotective potential through soya-phosphatidylcholine-andrographolide vesicular system. Gajbhiye, A; Jain, PK; Kharya, MD; Khurana, N; Pounikar, Y, 2013)	0.61
" There was an improvement in Cmax and AUC of AD-SLNs when compared with AD, thereby enhancing the bioavailability of AD."	( Solid lipid nanoparticles of anticancer drug andrographolide: formulation, in vitro and in vivo studies. Ahmad, FJ; Ahmad, S; Iqbal, Z; Parveen, R; Samim, M, 2014)	0.66
"In this study, a novel andrographolide (AG) preparation formulation, niosomes, was prepared to improve the bioavailability and tissue distribution of AG."	( Preparation and characterisation of andrographolide niosomes and its anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity. Chen, YX; Huang, DE; Jiang, ZQ; Sun, DM; Tu, YS; Yao, N; Zeng, XH; Zhang, JJ, 2014)	0.99
" But its poor water solubility and instability resulted in lower bioavailability and seriously limited its pharmacological function."	( Preparation of andrographolide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and their in vitro and in vivo evaluations: characteristics, release, absorption, transports, pharmacokinetics, and antihyperlipidemic activity. Feng, NP; Sheng, HH; Wang, CH; Wang, ZT; Wei, H; Yang, T, 2013)	0.74
" Andrographolide (AGP), a potent hepatoprotective, possesses low aqueous solubility which results in a low bioavailability after oral administration, inappropriate tissue localization and consequently poor therapeutic application."	( Enhanced hepatoprotective activity of andrographolide complexed with a biomaterial. Bothiraja, C; Channekar, PR; Chaudhari, PD; Galgatte, UC; Shaikh, KS; Thingale, AD, 2015)	1.6
"Complexation with HA is a valuable technique to improve solubility and bioavailability of pharmaceuticals."	( Enhanced hepatoprotective activity of andrographolide complexed with a biomaterial. Bothiraja, C; Channekar, PR; Chaudhari, PD; Galgatte, UC; Shaikh, KS; Thingale, AD, 2015)	0.69
"Andrographolide (ADG) isolated from Andrographis paniculata exhibits anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, but high hydrophobicity and poor bioavailability greatly restricts its clinical application."	( Andrographolide-loaded PLGA-PEG-PLGA micelles to improve its bioavailability and anticancer efficacy. Chen, M; Gao, W; Li, Y; Repka, MA; Wang, Y; Zhang, J, 2014)	3.29
"In this study, ADG was encapsulated in a micelle formulation based on poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)-b-poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) amphiphilic triblock copolymers, in order to enhance the anticancer efficacy and bioavailability in vivo."	( Andrographolide-loaded PLGA-PEG-PLGA micelles to improve its bioavailability and anticancer efficacy. Chen, M; Gao, W; Li, Y; Repka, MA; Wang, Y; Zhang, J, 2014)	1.85
"All of these investigations suggest that PLGA-PEG-PLGA micelles may be a potential drug delivery strategy for improving ADG bioavailability and efficacy in cancer therapy."	( Andrographolide-loaded PLGA-PEG-PLGA micelles to improve its bioavailability and anticancer efficacy. Chen, M; Gao, W; Li, Y; Repka, MA; Wang, Y; Zhang, J, 2014)	1.85
" In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of andrographolide in rats and studied whether andrographolide enhances antioxidant defense in a variety of tissues and protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative damage."	( Bioavailability of andrographolide and protection against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative damage in rats. Chen, HW; Huang, CS; Huang, YJ; Li, CC; Lii, CK; Lin, AH; Wang, TS; Yao, HT, 2014)	0.96
"To improve the aqueous solubility and bioavailability of AG 050 by protonation and encapsulation in poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(d,l-lactide) (PEG-b-PLA) polymeric micelles."	( Solubility enhancement and in vitro evaluation of PEG-b-PLA micelles as nanocarrier of semi-synthetic andrographolide analogue for cholangiocarcinoma chemotherapy. Chairoungdua, A; Nasongkla, N; Piyachaturawat, P; Puntawee, S; Reabroi, S; Saeeng, R; Theerasilp, M, 2016)	0.65
"The main purpose of this study was to improve the in-vitro dissolution and the in-vivo bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble drug, andrographolide (ADG)."	( Dry state microcrystals stabilized by an HPMC film to improve the bioavailability of andrographolide. Dandan, Y; Di, D; Hu, X; Liu, X; Tang, X; Yin, T; Zhang, S; Zhang, Y, 2015)	0.84
" In addition, the ADG pellets were subjected to investigations involving scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as dissolution, accelerated stability and bioavailability measurements."	( Dry state microcrystals stabilized by an HPMC film to improve the bioavailability of andrographolide. Dandan, Y; Di, D; Hu, X; Liu, X; Tang, X; Yin, T; Zhang, S; Zhang, Y, 2015)	0.64
"These results showed that the new core-shell structured pellets consisting of ADG microcrystalline particles and stabilized by HPMC alone, markedly improved the dissolution and bioavailability of andrographolide."	( Dry state microcrystals stabilized by an HPMC film to improve the bioavailability of andrographolide. Dandan, Y; Di, D; Hu, X; Liu, X; Tang, X; Yin, T; Zhang, S; Zhang, Y, 2015)	0.83
" The results revealed that BA and AD led to the PK/PD changes because of glyburide-increased bioavailability and because of the inhibition of CYP3A4 enzyme."	( Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interaction of Boswellic Acids and Andrographolide with Glyburide in Diabetic Rats: Including Its PK/PD Modeling. Samala, S; Veeresham, C, 2016)	0.67
"Andrographolide is among the most promising anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic components in Andrographis paniculata but its poor bioavailability and limited efficacy pose difficulties for its therapeutic development."	( Anti-angiogenic activity of a new andrographolide derivative in zebrafish and HUVECs. Chan, JY; Cui, G; Lee, SM; Li, J; Li, S; Peng, Y; Sun, Y; Wang, D; Zhou, GC, 2016)	2.16
" These results demonstrated that the bioavailability of and rographolide extracted by BMAP was significantly higher than that extracted by ethanol."	( A new biocompatible microemulsion increases extraction yield and bioavailability of Andrographis paniculata. DU, H; Feng, QJ; Li, L; Liu, XY; Niu, X; Wang, DW; Yang, XZ; Zhao, T, 2016)	0.43
" However, the low solubility and bioavailability of AG lead to high doses and long-term therapy."	( Inhalable Andrographolide-β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes for Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia by Regulating Immune Responses. Han, G; Hu, Y; Jiang, Q; Jin, Y; Li, M; Zhang, E; Zhang, T; Zhu, L, 2017)	0.86
" Conversely, the low bioavailability of AG still represents a limiting factor for its use."	( Andrographolide-loaded nanoparticles for brain delivery: Formulation, characterisation and in vitro permeability using hCMEC/D3 cell line. Bergonzi, MC; Bilia, AR; Eigenmann, DE; Faleschini, MT; Guccione, C; Hamburger, M; Jähne, EA; Oufir, M; Piazzini, V; Smiesko, M; Zabela, V, 2017)	1.9
" However, its low oral bioavailability is a major obstacle to its potential use."	( Nanoemulsion as a strategy for improving the oral bioavailability and anti-inflammatory activity of andrographolide. Chen, YC; Wang, CC; Wu, MT; Wu, YT; Yen, CC, 2018)	0.7
" The pharmacokinetic results indicate that the absorption of AG from AG-NE was significantly enhanced in comparison with that from the AG suspension, with a relative bioavailability of 594."	( Nanoemulsion as a strategy for improving the oral bioavailability and anti-inflammatory activity of andrographolide. Chen, YC; Wang, CC; Wu, MT; Wu, YT; Yen, CC, 2018)	0.7
"We conclude that the developed AG-NE not only enhanced the oral bioavailability of AG in this study but may also prove to be an effective formulation of AG for preventing gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders."	( Nanoemulsion as a strategy for improving the oral bioavailability and anti-inflammatory activity of andrographolide. Chen, YC; Wang, CC; Wu, MT; Wu, YT; Yen, CC, 2018)	0.7
" The dissolution characterization and oral bioavailability of AG-NC-SD were evaluated."	( Novel nanocrystal-based solid dispersion with high drug loading, enhanced dissolution, and bioavailability of andrographolide. Ma, Y; Xie, J; Xu, J; Yang, M; Yang, Y; Yue, P, 2018)	0.69
"This study illustrates that a quickly dissolving, high drug load, surfactant-free NC-SD can be prepared by using a superdisintegrant as codispersant, and provides a feasible strategy to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs."	( Novel nanocrystal-based solid dispersion with high drug loading, enhanced dissolution, and bioavailability of andrographolide. Ma, Y; Xie, J; Xu, J; Yang, M; Yang, Y; Yue, P, 2018)	0.69
" But its poor bioavailability and short plasma half-life constrain its efficacy."	( Therapeutic potential of andrographolide-loaded nanoparticles on a murine asthma model. Bera, T; Chakraborty, S; Debnath, MC; Ehsan, I; Mondal, L; Mukherjee, B; Paul, B; Roy, S; Saha, KD, 2019)	0.82
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
"Poor bioavailability and limited efficacy are challenges associated with using andrographolide as a therapeutic agent."	( AGS-30, an andrographolide derivative, suppresses tumor angiogenesis and growth in vitro and in vivo. Lee, SM; Leung, GP; Li, F; Li, J; Li, R; Sheng, D; Tang, F; Zhang, J; Zhou, GC, 2020)	1.18
" Also, special attempt on increasing the bioavailability of andrographolide (1) has been given for the designing of various targeted drug delivery systems."	( Andrographolide: Chemical modification and its effect on biological activities. Dheer, D; Kumar, G; Shankar, R; Singh, D; Tali, JA, 2020)	2.24
" Despite its well-documented therapeutic efficacy in various disease models, for years, the discrepancies between in vivo bioavailability and bioactivity of andrographolide and the debate surrounding its multi-targeting properties (polypharmacology or promiscuity?) have hindered the development of this versatile molecule into a potential therapeutic agent."	( Polypharmacology of andrographolide: beyond one molecule one target. Chai, CLL; Tan, WSD; Tran, QTN; Wong, WSF, 2021)	1.14
" However, its high hydrophobicity and poor bioavailability restrict its clinical application as a chemopreventative agent."	( Andrographolide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles enhance anti-cancer activity against head and neck cancer and precancerous cells. Li, H; Liu, W; Qian, W; Qu, X; Song, Y; Wang, C, 2022)	2.16
"We aimed to investigate whether ADG-SLN enhanced the bioavailability and anti-cancer efficacy of ADG in the human immortalized oral epithelial (HIOEC), precancerous leukoplakia (Leuk1), HN6, and HN30 cells that represented an in vitro model of stepwise head and neck squamous cell carcinoma development."	( Andrographolide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles enhance anti-cancer activity against head and neck cancer and precancerous cells. Li, H; Liu, W; Qian, W; Qu, X; Song, Y; Wang, C, 2022)	2.16
" The poor solubility and bioavailability of this diterpenoid lactone could be overcome by nanoencapsulation."	( Nanoencapsulation of Andrographolide Rich Extract for the Inhibition of Cervical and Neuroblastoma Cancer Cells. Chua, LS; Hashemi, SS; Nasiri, R; Sanati, P, 2020)	0.88
" Different novel formulations of AG have been investigated to increase its bioavailability for better efficacy."	( Anticancer potential of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees and its mechanisms of action. Aasif Khan, M; Ahmad, S; Husain, SA; Khan, A; Malik, Z; Massey, S; Parveen, B; Parveen, R; Zahiruddin, S, 2021)	0.93
" DHY showed better oral bioavailability (1."	( Comparing the pharmacokinetics of 13α,21-dihydroeurycomanone and eurycomanone exclusively enriched in Eurycoma longifolia extracts and their spermatogenesis enhancement in andrographolide-induced oligospermia in rats. Chan, KL; Chung, WJ; Lee, CY, 2021)	0.82
" Based on extensive chemical structural modifications, a series of andrographolide derivatives with improved bioavailability and druggability has been developed."	( Andrographolide and its derivatives: Current achievements and future perspectives. Li, S; Si, Y; Xu, H; Zhang, H, 2021)	2.3
" However, AG shows low oral bioavailability due to extensive first-pass metabolism and P-glycoprotein efflux."	( Nanoemulsomes for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of the Anticancer Phytochemical Andrographolide: Characterization and Pharmacokinetics. Abdallah, OY; Elnaggar, YSR; Elsheikh, MA; Rizk, SA, 2021)	0.85
"Coamorphous drug delivery systems have shown great potential in improving the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs."	( Exploring the Formation Mechanism of Coamorphous Andrographolide-Oxymatrine Based on Molecular Dynamics and Spectroscopy. Cao, Y; Fang, X; Han, L; Hu, Y; Huang, Z; Li, B; Lu, S, 2022)	0.98
"Andrographolide (AG), a natural product with various pharmacological effects, exhibited low oral bioavailability owing to its poor solubility, stability, and low absorption."	( Andrographolide/Phospholipid/Cyclodextrin Complex-Loaded Nanoemulsion: Preparation, Optimization, in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation. Ding, W; Feng, J; Huang, Q; Huang, T; Li, J; Li, Z; Lin, S; Yang, X; Zou, L, 2022)	3.61
" In in vivo pharmacokinetics studies, AND-SLN was found to have enhanced bioavailability and specificity in the spleen and thymus compared to plasma, providing evidence that the formulations could enhance target specificity and bioavailability in comparison to pure drugs."	( Development of andrographolide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for lymphatic targeting: Formulation, optimization, characterization, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation. Kaur, CD; Shrivastava, S, 2023)	1.26
" Pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and nanotechnology to improve bioavailability are discussed."	( The role of Andrographolide in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. Dong, Z; Huang, Q; Qin, X; Tian, M; Wang, C; Wang, J; Wang, X, 2023)	1.29

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Compound 2 was found to be selective towards leukaemia and colon cancer cells, and compound 4 was selective towards leukaemia, ovarian and renal cancer cells at all the dose-response parameters."	( Semisynthesis and in vitro anticancer activities of andrographolide analogues. Hamzah, AS; Jada, SR; Lajis, NH; Matthews, C; Saad, MS; Stanslas, J; Stevens, MF; Subur, GS, 2007)	0.59
" Notably, the same dosage of Andro did not further reduce neointimal formation in p50(-/-) mice, which implicates the specificity of Andro on p50 for treating experimental arterial restenosis."	( Andrographolide inhibits NF-kappaBeta activation and attenuates neointimal hyperplasia in arterial restenosis. Fan, QX; Geng, JG; Wang, JT; Wang, YJ, 2007)	1.78
" At a dosage of 100 mg/kg, AP-H2O and andrographolide, but not AP-EtOH, showed antioedema and analgesic activities."	( Antioxidant, antioedema and analgesic activities of Andrographis paniculata extracts and their active constituent andrographolide. Lee, SC; Lin, FL; Ng, LT; Wu, SJ, 2009)	0.83
" The most effective dosage of AL-1 in these studies ranged from 100 to 200 mg/kg/d, when administered twice daily for 7 d beginning 24 h before viral exposure."	( Activity of andrographolide and its derivatives against influenza virus in vivo and in vitro. Chen, JX; Fang, BH; Liu, YH; Wang, YQ; Xue, HJ; Ye, WC; Yu, P; Yuan, SH, 2009)	0.73
" Antileishmanial activity was found to be significant for the nanoparticle preparation with 4% PVA (IC₅₀) 34 μM) in about one-fourth of the dosage of the pure compound AG (IC₅₀) 160 μM)."	( Andrographolide nanoparticles in leishmaniasis: characterization and in vitro evaluations. Bera, T; Das, S; Mondol, S; Mukherjee, A; Roy, P, 2010)	1.8
" Adenomyosis was induced in 55 female ICR mice neonatally dosed with tamoxifen, while another 8 (group C) were dosed with solvent only."	( The retardation of myometrial infiltration, reduction of uterine contractility, and alleviation of generalized hyperalgesia in mice with induced adenomyosis by levo-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP) and andrographolide. Carter, AV; Guo, SW; Mao, X; Wang, Y; Zhen, X, 2011)	0.56
" Reform the dosage forms of andrographolide to improve its aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability."	( Preparation and evaluation of andrographolide-loaded microemulsion. Dong, X; Du, H; Feng, Q; Han, L; Li, H; Li, X; Niu, X; Yang, X; Ye, M; Zhu, Q, 2012)	0.96
" Compared with the model group, the plasma TC levels of experimental groups with AND and NEO at 100 mg/kg dosage decreased by 23."	( Hypolipidemic effects of andrographolide and neoandrographolide in mice and rats. Shi, HX; Wang, CH; Wang, ZT; Yang, T, 2013)	0.69
" Antileishmanial activity as revealed from selectivity index in wild-type strain was found to be significant for AGnp with TPGS in about one-tenth of the dosage of the free AG and one-third of the dosage of the AGnp without TPGS."	( In vitro susceptibilities of wild and drug resistant leishmania donovani amastigote stages to andrographolide nanoparticle: role of vitamin E derivative TPGS for nanoparticle efficacy. Bera, T; Das, S; Halder, A; Mondal, S; Mukherjee, A; Roy, P, 2013)	0.61
" In a hepatoprotection study, rats were intragastrically dosed with 30 or 50mg/kg andrographolide for 5 consecutive days."	( Bioavailability of andrographolide and protection against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative damage in rats. Chen, HW; Huang, CS; Huang, YJ; Li, CC; Lii, CK; Lin, AH; Wang, TS; Yao, HT, 2014)	0.96
"The YHN group showed much less CFUs on catheter pieces and lower XTT metabolic activity than the blank group, with dosage dependence."	( [Effect of andrographolide derivative Yanhuning on in vivo Candida albicans biofilms in rats]. Lu, KQ; Shao, J; Shi, GX; Wang, CZ; Wang, TM; Yan, YY; Zhang, MX, 2014)	0.79
" Once additional data is available, the model would be needed to recalibrate to gain an understanding of a dose-response relationship and optimization of dosage regimens of andrographolide."	( The Development of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model of Andrographolide in Mice and Scaling it up to Rats, Dogs, and Humans. Sermsappasuk, P; Talapphetsakun, T; Viyoch, J; Waranuch, N, 2022)	1.15
" The objective of this study was to find the optimal dosage regimens of APE for COVID-19 treatment."	( Karbwang, J; Na-Bangchang, K; Saeheng, T, 2022)	0.72
" The poor solubility of AP limits the development of dosage forms."	( The role of Andrographolide in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. Dong, Z; Huang, Q; Qin, X; Tian, M; Wang, C; Wang, J; Wang, X, 2023)	1.29
" Diabetic conditions were induced by administering streptozotocin at a dosage of 45 mg/kg body weight and nicotinamide at a dosage of 110 mg/kg body weight through intraperitoneal injection."	( Antihyperglycemic activity of 14-deoxy, 11, 12-didehydro andrographolide on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats. Guru, A; Issac, PK; Kamaraj, N; Velumani, K, 2023)	1.16

Role	Description
metabolite	Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
anti-inflammatory drug	A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation.
anti-HIV agent	An antiviral agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus.
antineoplastic agent	A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
gamma-lactone	A lactone having a five-membered lactone ring.
primary alcohol	A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.
secondary alcohol	A secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it.
labdane diterpenoid	Any diterpenoid with a labdane skeleton.
carbobicyclic compound	A bicyclic compound in which all the ring atoms are carbon.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
PPM1D protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	11.7086	0.0052	9.4661	32.9993	AID1347411
TDP1 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.8232	0.0008	11.3822	44.6684	AID686978; AID686979
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.7672	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID743035; AID743042; AID743054; AID743063
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.4161	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1346984; AID1645841
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.8660	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID743069; AID743075; AID743080; AID743091
G	Vesicular stomatitis virus	Potency	30.1116	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
67.9K protein	Vaccinia virus	Potency	28.1838	0.0001	8.4406	100.0000	AID720579; AID720580
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	26.8325	0.0010	19.4141	70.9645	AID743094
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	21.6403	0.0003	23.4451	159.6830	AID743065; AID743067
Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	16.3094	0.0033	9.1582	39.8107	AID1347411; AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	30.1116	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	37.5780	0.0023	19.5956	74.0614	AID651631
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	30.1116	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	30.1116	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	IC50 (µMol)	15.0000	0.0002	2.4585	9.9600	AID1846486
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	49.6000	0.0001	1.9731	8.0000	AID1204909
Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	50.0000	5.5200	5.5200	5.5200	AID1551815
Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	9.7000	0.0183	4.5603	10.0000	AID1556077; AID1556095
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	10.0000	1.9000	2.3000	3.0000	AID1362918; AID1362919; AID1362920; AID1362922; AID1362923
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagy	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-beta	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replication	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
humoral immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergy	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacterium	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiation	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitment	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitment	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
autophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transduction	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replication	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespan	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stress	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substance	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-ray	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
viral process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growth	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodeling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growth	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibiotic	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behavior	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell death	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assembly	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-C	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin D	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transition	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processing	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
JNK cascade	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lipid storage	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cholesterol transport	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-12 production	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
response to muscle stretch	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell receptor signaling pathway	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein metabolic process	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
mammary gland involution	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to mechanical stimulus	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nicotine	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interleukin-1	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interleukin-6	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to dsRNA	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interleukin-17	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virus	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
antibacterial innate immune response	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to angiotensin	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to stress	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cytokine	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
temperature homeostasis	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
eye photoreceptor cell differentiation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleus	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system development	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell population proliferation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of autophagy	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphorylation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
sexual reproduction	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell differentiation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migration	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estradiol	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-10 production	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hormone stimulus	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
leptin-mediated signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
somatic stem cell population maintenance	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-15-mediated signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-9-mediated signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-11-mediated signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of multicellular organism growth	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose homeostasis	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
eating behavior	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to leptin stimulus	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
response to leptin	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesis	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glycolytic process	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
astrocyte differentiation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
radial glial cell differentiation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
retinal rod cell differentiation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of feeding behavior	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
growth hormone receptor signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
growth hormone receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
T-helper 17 type immune response	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
energy homeostasis	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interleukin-17	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via STAT	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-10-mediated signaling pathway	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of primary miRNA processing	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell differentiation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron migration	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell population proliferation	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
response to peptide hormone	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic mitochondrial changes	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemia	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
fructose 6-phosphate metabolic process	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
glycolytic process	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
lactation	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesis	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glucose import	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
canonical glycolysis	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
maintenance of protein location in mitochondrion	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion in response to mitochondrial depolarization	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate phosphorylation	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose metabolic process	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular glucose homeostasis	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nitrogen catabolite activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular glucose homeostasis	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription by RNA polymerase II	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell junction assembly	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Notch signaling pathway	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid metabolic process	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathway	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of type II interferon production	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-1 production	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-2 production	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-6 production	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-17 production	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of urea metabolic process	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular triglyceride homeostasis	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathway	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular bile acid receptor signaling pathway	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasis	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to bacterium	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid homeostasis	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to fatty acid	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to organonitrogen compound	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cholesterol metabolic process	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to bile acid	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adipose tissue development	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycle	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell differentiation	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cytokine activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protease binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
p53 binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA guanylyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA endonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
ISG15-specific peptidase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
5'-3' RNA helicase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
protein guanylyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coregulator activity	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
actinin binding	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin DNA binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling adaptor activity	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein dimerization activity	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
primary miRNA binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
lncRNA binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA sequestering activity	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glucokinase activity	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
hexokinase activity	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose binding	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
fructokinase activity	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coregulator binding	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor binding	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid binding	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid receptor activity	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific DNA binding	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear retinoid X receptor binding	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
chenodeoxycholic acid binding	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular space	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complex	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear body	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
replication fork	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrix	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
PML body	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand break	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
extracellular region	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule lumen	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
specific granule lumen	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
I-kappaB/NF-kappaB complex	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial outer membrane	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
sarcoplasmic reticulum	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Hexokinase-2	Homo sapiens (human)
fibrillar center	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
euchromatin	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Bile acid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (472)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1186154	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-06, Volume: 85	Synthesis and biological evaluation of andrographolide analogues as anti-cancer agents.
AID752623	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 23, Issue:11	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of andrographolide-19-oic acid analogues as anti-cancer agents.
AID1262810	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-468 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1186183	Reduction in NFkappaB expression in HEK293 cells at LC50 level after 48 hrs by Western blot method	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-06, Volume: 85	Synthesis and biological evaluation of andrographolide analogues as anti-cancer agents.
AID1262785	Cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL-5 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1204067	Cytotoxicity against human NP14 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 25, Issue:11	Synthesis of new ent-labdane diterpene derivatives from andrographolide and evaluation on cytotoxic activities.
AID1262792	Cytotoxicity against human OVCAR8 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1741340	GSH reactivity in PBS assessed as GSH adduct formation measured up to 120 hrs by HPLC-MS analysis	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID645483	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 22, Issue:4	Microbial transformation of deoxyandrographolide and their inhibitory activity on LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
AID1556077	Antagonist activity at Gal4 DBD-fused human FXR LBD expressed in human HepG2 cells after 8 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 176	Andrographolide: A natural product template for the generation of structurally and biologically diverse diterpenes.
AID1262667	Cytotoxicity against human UACC62 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID683525	Inhibition of HIV1 gp120 expressed in human HL2/3 cells assessed as Hl2/3 cell fusion to compound-treated human TZM-bl cells after 48 hrs by luciferase assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 56	Anti-HIV activity of semisynthetic derivatives of andrographolide and computational study of HIV-1 gp120 protein binding.
AID1846475	Cytotoxicity against human imHC cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
AID1374837	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas fluorescens	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 28, Issue:6	Regioselective and efficient enzymatic synthesis of antimicrobial andrographolide derivatives.
AID1262809	Cytotoxicity against human T47D cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID781136	Downregulation of MMP-7 mRNA expression in human SGC7901 cells after 48 hrs by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 23, Issue:23	Improved inhibitory activities against tumor-cell migration and invasion by 15-benzylidene substitution derivatives of andrographolide.
AID1846474	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
AID1663936	Anticancer activity against human HuCCa1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-15, Volume: 30, Issue:14	Design and synthesis of C-12 dithiocarbamate andrographolide analogues as an anticancer agent.
AID1761562	Antiosteoporotic activity against OVX-induced bone loss C57BL/6 mouse model assessed as decrease in ACP5 level in serum at 10 mg/kg, po QD for 4 weeks	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 213	Synthesis and evaluation of andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-osteoporosis agents in vitro and in vivo.
AID1262773	Cytotoxicity against human SF268 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262793	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-ADR-RES cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1846485	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human SH-SY5Y to IC50 for SARS CoV-2 (01/human/Jan2020/Thailand) infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells
AID776251	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as decrease in triton WR-1339-induced LDL cholesterol level in plasma at 100 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs by poly anionic precipitation method relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1317130	Anti-inflammatory activity in cigarette smoke-predisposed BALB/c mouse model of NTHi-inflammation assessed as reduction in macrophage infiltration in BAL fluid at 10 mg/kg, ip administered at 1 and 24 hrs post NTHi-challenge by Wright-staining based diffe	2016	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5	Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Disease Predisposes to More Severe Infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Protective Effects of Andrographolide.
AID696788	Toxicity in HUVEC assessed as induction of ICAM-1 expression at 5 to 20 uM measured after 6 hrs by Western blot analysis	2011	Journal of natural products, Nov-28, Volume: 74, Issue:11	Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
AID1918725	Cytotoxicity against human HCT-8 cells assessed as redcution in cell viability at 10 uM incubated for 96 hrs by PrestoBlue reagent based assay relative to control	2022	Journal of natural products, 12-23, Volume: 85, Issue:12	Evaluating the
AID1684575	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by SRB assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 33	Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new 7-acetoxy-12-amino-14-deoxy andrographolide analogues.
AID1204064	Cytotoxicity against human NTUB1 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 25, Issue:11	Synthesis of new ent-labdane diterpene derivatives from andrographolide and evaluation on cytotoxic activities.
AID713584	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 18 hrs by annexin-V labeling-based flow cytometry	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones, a source to discover agents that selectively inhibit acute myelogenous leukemia stem and progenitor cells.
AID781135	Effect on MMP-2 mRNA expression in human SGC7901 cells at 10 uM after 48 hrs by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 23, Issue:23	Improved inhibitory activities against tumor-cell migration and invasion by 15-benzylidene substitution derivatives of andrographolide.
AID1262640	Cytotoxicity against human HOP92 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID339167	Nonspecific immunostimulant activity in sheep RBC-immunized BALB/c albino mouse assessed as macrophage migration index at 4 mg/kg, ip administered on day 7 and 3 prior to immunization measured after 18 to 24 hrs	1993	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 56, Issue:7	Immunostimulant agents from Andrographis paniculata.
AID1262665	Cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL-5 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1140537	Octanol-water partition coefficient, log P of the compound at 30 degC by HPLC analysis	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 24, Issue:10	Synthesis, structure-activity relationships and biological evaluation of dehydroandrographolide and andrographolide derivatives as novel anti-hepatitis B virus agents.
AID1262682	Cytotoxicity against human UO31 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1408138	Antifibrotic activity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells assessed as inhibition of TGFbeta1-induced increase in COL1A1 mRNA level at 500 nM preincubated for 1 hr followed by TGFbeta-1 addition measured after 24 hrs by qRT-PCR method	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-05, Volume: 157	Synthesis and anti-fibrosis activity study of 14-deoxyandrographolide-19-oic acid and 14-deoxydidehydroandrographolide-19-oic acid derivatives.
AID1262651	Cytotoxicity against human KM12 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1741323	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced IL6 release at 5 to 10 uM preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by ELISA	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID1761558	Antiosteoporotic activity against OVX-induced bone loss C57BL/6 mouse model assessed as increase in trabecular number in femoral metaphysis at 10 mg/kg, po QD for 4 weeks	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 213	Synthesis and evaluation of andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-osteoporosis agents in vitro and in vivo.
AID264791	Inhibition of alpha glucosidase at 100 uM	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 16, Issue:10	Studies on the novel alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity and structure-activity relationships for andrographolide analogues.
AID1186187	Increase in p53 expression in p53 deficient HEK293 cells at LC50 level after 48 hrs by Western blot method	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-06, Volume: 85	Synthesis and biological evaluation of andrographolide analogues as anti-cancer agents.
AID1599361	Virucidal activity against DENV2 infected in human HepG2 cells	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 176	Recent update on anti-dengue drug discovery.
AID380103	Antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus at 10 ug/ml by disk diffusion assay	2006	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3	ent-Labdane diterpenoids from Andrographis paniculata.
AID683337	Therapeutic index, ratio of CC50 for human TZM-bl cells to IC50 for HIV1	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 56	Anti-HIV activity of semisynthetic derivatives of andrographolide and computational study of HIV-1 gp120 protein binding.
AID1846472	Antiviral activity against SARS CoV-2 (01/human/Jan2020/Thailand) infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication pre-infected with cells for 2 hrs followed by compound addition and measured after 48 hrs post inf
AID1378662	Cytotoxicity against rat ASK cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by SRB assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-29, Volume: 138	One-pot three steps cascade synthesis of novel isoandrographolide analogues and their cytotoxic activity.
AID1262794	Cytotoxicity against human SKOV3 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1204912	Cytotoxicity against human Jurkat T cells assessed as appearance of late apoptotic cells at 25 uM after 24 hrs by annexin V-FLUOS/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Specificity and inhibitory mechanism of andrographolide and its analogues as antiasthma agents on NF-κB p50.
AID1262808	Cytotoxicity against human BT549 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID776247	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as decrease in triton WR-1339-induced phospholipid level in plasma at 25 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1262656	Cytotoxicity against human SNB19 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262631	Cytotoxicity against human CCRF-CEM cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262791	Cytotoxicity against human OVCAR5 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1362924	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-01, Volume: 26, Issue:18	Andrographolide derivative as STAT3 inhibitor that protects acute liver damage in mice.
AID1374840	Antimicrobial activity against Rhizopus oryzae	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 28, Issue:6	Regioselective and efficient enzymatic synthesis of antimicrobial andrographolide derivatives.
AID611113	Cytotoxicity against human BEAS2B cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTS assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Jun-24, Volume: 74, Issue:6	Protective role of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, a noncytotoxic analogue of andrographolide, in allergic airway inflammation.
AID1663929	Anticancer activity against mouse P388 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-15, Volume: 30, Issue:14	Design and synthesis of C-12 dithiocarbamate andrographolide analogues as an anticancer agent.
AID683152	Cytotoxicity against human TZM-bl cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 56	Anti-HIV activity of semisynthetic derivatives of andrographolide and computational study of HIV-1 gp120 protein binding.
AID1707190	Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 cells	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Development of Potential Antitumor Agents from the Scaffolds of Plant-Derived Terpenoid Lactones.
AID776234	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as decrease in triton WR-1339-induced triglyceride level in plasma at 200 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID776238	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as decrease in triton WR-1339-induced triglyceride level in plasma at 150 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1596111	Inhibition of LPS-stimulated p38 MAPK phosphorylation in mouse RAW264.7 cells at 5 to 20 uM pretreated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 4 hrs by Western blot analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 174	The identification of naturally occurring labdane diterpenoid calcaratarin D as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
AID1186188	Reduction in NFkappaB expression in p53 deficient HEK293 cells at LC50 level after 48 hrs by Western blot method	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-06, Volume: 85	Synthesis and biological evaluation of andrographolide analogues as anti-cancer agents.
AID1761557	Antiosteoporotic activity against OVX-induced bone loss C57BL/6 mouse model assessed as increase in trabecular thickness in femoral metaphysis at 10 mg/kg, po QD for 4 weeks	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 213	Synthesis and evaluation of andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-osteoporosis agents in vitro and in vivo.
AID696790	Inhibition of TNFalpha-stimulated total ICAM-1 expression in HUVEC at 5 to 20 uM pretreated for 16 hrs before TNFalpha challenge measured after 6 hrs by Western blot analysis	2011	Journal of natural products, Nov-28, Volume: 74, Issue:11	Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
AID1262687	Cytotoxicity against human Hs578T cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1741339	GSH reactivity in PBS assessed as GSH adduct formation by measuring half life by HPLC-MS analysis	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID1186186	Increase in PARP cleavage in p53 deficient HEK293 cells at LC50 level after 48 hrs by Western blot method	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-06, Volume: 85	Synthesis and biological evaluation of andrographolide analogues as anti-cancer agents.
AID1378660	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by SRB assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-29, Volume: 138	One-pot three steps cascade synthesis of novel isoandrographolide analogues and their cytotoxic activity.
AID1741334	GSH reactivity in PBS assessed as isomerization by measuring (4S,Z)-4-hydroxy-3-(2-((1R,4aS,5R,6R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylenedecahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one formation measured up to 24 hrs by HPLC-	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID1262680	Cytotoxicity against human SN12C cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262653	Cytotoxicity against human SF268 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262652	Cytotoxicity against human SW620 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID339168	Nonspecific immunostimulant activity in sheep RBC-immunized BALB/c albino mouse assessed as phagocytosis of [14C] leucine labeled Escherichia coli at 4 mg/kg, ip administered on day 7 and 3 prior to immunization	1993	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 56, Issue:7	Immunostimulant agents from Andrographis paniculata.
AID1262648	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262669	Cytotoxicity against human OVCAR3 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID611109	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 3 to 120 uM by MTS assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Jun-24, Volume: 74, Issue:6	Protective role of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, a noncytotoxic analogue of andrographolide, in allergic airway inflammation.
AID1408134	Inhibition of cell proliferation in HUVEC at 40 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-05, Volume: 157	Synthesis and anti-fibrosis activity study of 14-deoxyandrographolide-19-oic acid and 14-deoxydidehydroandrographolide-19-oic acid derivatives.
AID776236	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as decrease in triton WR-1339-induced total cholesterol level in plasma at 200 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1262761	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H226 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1378658	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by SRB assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-29, Volume: 138	One-pot three steps cascade synthesis of novel isoandrographolide analogues and their cytotoxic activity.
AID1262646	Cytotoxicity against human COLO205 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1204911	Cytotoxicity against human Jurkat T cells assessed as appearance of early apoptotic cells at 25 uM after 24 hrs by annexin V-FLUOS/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Specificity and inhibitory mechanism of andrographolide and its analogues as antiasthma agents on NF-κB p50.
AID307364	Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase at 100 uM	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 15, Issue:12	Synthesis of andrographolide derivatives: a new family of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.
AID1262661	Cytotoxicity against human M14 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262760	Cytotoxicity against human HOP92 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID380105	Antimicrobial activity against Candida sake at 10 ug/ml by disk diffusion assay	2006	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3	ent-Labdane diterpenoids from Andrographis paniculata.
AID1262632	Cytotoxicity against human HL-60(TB) cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID752625	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 23, Issue:11	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of andrographolide-19-oic acid analogues as anti-cancer agents.
AID1317140	Downregulation of MMP9 gene expression in lungs of cigarette smoke-predisposed BALB/c mouse model of NTHi-inflammation at 5 and 10 mg/kg, ip administered post 1 and 24 hrs of NTHi-challenge by RT-PCR method	2016	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5	Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Disease Predisposes to More Severe Infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Protective Effects of Andrographolide.
AID697853	Inhibition of horse BChE at 2 mg/ml by Ellman's method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Exploration of natural compounds as sources of new bifunctional scaffolds targeting cholinesterases and beta amyloid aggregation: the case of chelerythrine.
AID1262658	Cytotoxicity against human U251 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID776245	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as increase in triton WR-1339-reduced post heparin lipolytic activity level in plasma at 25 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1741331	Activation of NF-kappaB activity in mouse RAW-Blue cells assessed as increase in SEAP reporter activity at 5 to 20 uM measured after 24 hrs by SEAP reporter gene assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID426095	Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 quorum sensing assessed as suppression of protease production at 1 mM after 18 hrs by azocasein-based colorimetric method in presence of glycine	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 44, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activities of andrographolide analogues.
AID1262755	Cytotoxicity against human RPMI8226 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID776231	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as increase in triton WR-1339-reduced HDL cholesterol level in plasma at 100 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs by poly anionic precipitation method relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1846482	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human HK-2 to IC50 for SARS CoV-2 (01/human/Jan2020/Thailand) infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells
AID696793	Inhibition of TNFalpha-stimulated NFkappaB activation in HUVEC assessed as reduction of nuclear p65 level at 20 uM pretreated for 16 hrs before TNFalpha challenge measured after 30 mins by EMSA	2011	Journal of natural products, Nov-28, Volume: 74, Issue:11	Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
AID1741322	Aqueous stability of compound	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID696794	Inhibition of TNFalpha-stimulated NFkappaB activation in HUVEC assessed as reduction of IkappaB degradation at 20 uM pretreated for 16 hrs before TNFalpha challenge measured after 30 mins by EMSA	2011	Journal of natural products, Nov-28, Volume: 74, Issue:11	Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
AID1262779	Cytotoxicity against human LOXIMVI cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID781152	Antimigratory activity against human PC3 cells at 10 uM after 12 to 48 hrs by wound-healing assay relative to control	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 23, Issue:23	Improved inhibitory activities against tumor-cell migration and invasion by 15-benzylidene substitution derivatives of andrographolide.
AID1416300	Growth inhibition of human PC3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	MedChemComm, Jun-01, Volume: 8, Issue:6	Synthesis of thioether andrographolide derivatives and their inhibitory effect against cancer cells.
AID1262643	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H322M cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID696778	Inhibition of TNFalpha-stimulated ICAM-1 expression in HUVEC transfected with activated AKT1 assessed as ICAM1 level at 10 uM incubated for 16 hrs by Western blot (Rvb = 249%)	2011	Journal of natural products, Nov-28, Volume: 74, Issue:11	Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
AID1262762	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H23 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1551814	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production preincubated for 3 hrs followed by LPS addition measured after 24 hrs by Griess assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis of novel andrographolide beckmann rearrangement derivatives and evaluation of their HK2-related anti-inflammatory activities.
AID611108	Cytotoxicity against rat RBL2H3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 3 to 120 uM by MTS assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Jun-24, Volume: 74, Issue:6	Protective role of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, a noncytotoxic analogue of andrographolide, in allergic airway inflammation.
AID1186182	Increase in p53 expression in HEK293 cells at LC50 level after 48 hrs by Western blot method	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-06, Volume: 85	Synthesis and biological evaluation of andrographolide analogues as anti-cancer agents.
AID1262633	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262768	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1556081	Growth inhibition of human SW620 cells	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 176	Andrographolide: A natural product template for the generation of structurally and biologically diverse diterpenes.
AID696786	Toxicity assessed as induction of HUVEC adhesion to BCECF-AM-labeled human HL60 cells by fluorescence assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Nov-28, Volume: 74, Issue:11	Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
AID683336	Antiviral activity against HIV1 in human TZM-bl cells assessed as viral infectivity by luciferase assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 56	Anti-HIV activity of semisynthetic derivatives of andrographolide and computational study of HIV-1 gp120 protein binding.
AID781160	Antimigratory activity against human 5637 cells at 5 uM after 12 to 48 hrs by wound-healing assay relative to control	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 23, Issue:23	Improved inhibitory activities against tumor-cell migration and invasion by 15-benzylidene substitution derivatives of andrographolide.
AID1262806	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1846473	Antiviral activity against SARS CoV-2 (01/human/Jan2020/Thailand) infected in human Calu-3 cells for 2 hrs assessed as reduction in extracellular viral RNA measured after 48 hrs post infection by qRT-PCR analysis
AID1846481	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human imHC to IC50 for SARS CoV-2 (01/human/Jan2020/Thailand) infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells
AID1262660	Cytotoxicity against human MALME-3M cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1663931	Anticancer activity against human HT-29 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-15, Volume: 30, Issue:14	Design and synthesis of C-12 dithiocarbamate andrographolide analogues as an anticancer agent.
AID1741324	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction cell viability at 20 uM measured after 24 hrs by Celltiter-glo assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID1262784	Cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL-28 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1684577	Cytotoxicity against human P388 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by SRB assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 33	Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new 7-acetoxy-12-amino-14-deoxy andrographolide analogues.
AID1378661	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by SRB assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-29, Volume: 138	One-pot three steps cascade synthesis of novel isoandrographolide analogues and their cytotoxic activity.
AID1317136	Antiinflammatory activity in cigarette smoke-predisposed BALB/c mouse model of NTHi-inflammation assessed as suppression of lung TNF-alpha level at 5 and 10 mg/kg, ip administered post 1 and 24 hrs of NTHi-challenge by ELISA	2016	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5	Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Disease Predisposes to More Severe Infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Protective Effects of Andrographolide.
AID1262638	Cytotoxicity against human EKVX cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1408132	Antifibrotic activity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-05, Volume: 157	Synthesis and anti-fibrosis activity study of 14-deoxyandrographolide-19-oic acid and 14-deoxydidehydroandrographolide-19-oic acid derivatives.
AID696787	Cytotoxicity against TNFalpha-stimulated HUVEC assessed as cell viability at 5 uM pretreated for 16 hrs before TNFalpha challenge measured after 6 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 103.8 +/- 6.1%)	2011	Journal of natural products, Nov-28, Volume: 74, Issue:11	Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
AID1262645	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H522 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1707186	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Development of Potential Antitumor Agents from the Scaffolds of Plant-Derived Terpenoid Lactones.
AID1140535	Antiviral activity against HBV infected in human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as inhibition of DNA replication	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 24, Issue:10	Synthesis, structure-activity relationships and biological evaluation of dehydroandrographolide and andrographolide derivatives as novel anti-hepatitis B virus agents.
AID611112	Cytotoxicity against rat RBL2H3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTS assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Jun-24, Volume: 74, Issue:6	Protective role of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, a noncytotoxic analogue of andrographolide, in allergic airway inflammation.
AID1317147	Induction of Nrf2 nuclear translocation in cigarette smoke-predisposed BALB/c mouse model of NTHi-inflammation assessed as Nrf2 binding to antioxidant response element consensus DNA binding site at 5 and 10 mg/kg, ip administered post 1 and 24 hrs of NTHi	2016	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5	Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Disease Predisposes to More Severe Infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Protective Effects of Andrographolide.
AID1596113	Inhibition of LPS-stimulated AKT phosphorylation in mouse RAW264.7 cells at 5 to 20 uM pretreated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 4 hrs by Western blot analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 174	The identification of naturally occurring labdane diterpenoid calcaratarin D as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
AID426099	Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation cultivated on respiratory tack suction tube at 1 mM after 7 days by scanning electron microscopy	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 44, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activities of andrographolide analogues.
AID1362923	Inhibition of NF-kappaB stimulated STAT3 activation in human HeLa cells incubated with NF-kappaB for 16 hrs followed by compound addition measured after 4 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-01, Volume: 26, Issue:18	Andrographolide derivative as STAT3 inhibitor that protects acute liver damage in mice.
AID1540915	Antiviral activity against DENV infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in plague formation incubated for 72 hrs by immunofluorescence assay	2019	Journal of natural products, 10-25, Volume: 82, Issue:10	Basimarols A, B, and C, Highly Oxygenated Pimarane Diterpenoids from
AID1846486	Inhibition of C-terminal His 6 tagged SARS CoV-2 main protease transfected in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)
AID339170	Immunostimulant activity in sheep RBC-immunized BALB/c albino mouse assessed as macrophage migration index at 1 mg/kg, po administered daily for 7 days measured after 18 to 24 hrs	1993	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 56, Issue:7	Immunostimulant agents from Andrographis paniculata.
AID697852	Inhibition of electric eel AChE at 2 mg/ml by Ellman's method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Exploration of natural compounds as sources of new bifunctional scaffolds targeting cholinesterases and beta amyloid aggregation: the case of chelerythrine.
AID611110	Cytotoxicity against human BEAS2B cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 3 to 120 uM by MTS assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Jun-24, Volume: 74, Issue:6	Protective role of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, a noncytotoxic analogue of andrographolide, in allergic airway inflammation.
AID781151	Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 23, Issue:23	Improved inhibitory activities against tumor-cell migration and invasion by 15-benzylidene substitution derivatives of andrographolide.
AID249077	Concentration causing 50% inhibition of cancer cell growth against human prostate DU145 cell line	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-20, Volume: 14, Issue:18	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of andrographolide analogues as novel cytotoxic agents.
AID339169	Nonspecific immunostimulant activity in sheep RBC-immunized BALB/c albino mouse assessed as [3H]thymidine uptake by splenic lymphocytes at 4 mg/kg, ip administered on day 7 and 3 prior to immunization by liquid scintillation counting	1993	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 56, Issue:7	Immunostimulant agents from Andrographis paniculata.
AID1262787	Cytotoxicity against human UACC62 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID781158	Cytotoxicity against human 5637 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 5 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 23, Issue:23	Improved inhibitory activities against tumor-cell migration and invasion by 15-benzylidene substitution derivatives of andrographolide.
AID1186153	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-06, Volume: 85	Synthesis and biological evaluation of andrographolide analogues as anti-cancer agents.
AID1544504	Induction of neurite outgrowth in NGF-induced rat PC12 cells assessed as neurite bearing cells at 20 uM cotreated with 20 ng/ml NGF incubated for 48 hrs by light microscopy	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Synthesis of andrographolide analogues and their neuroprotection and neurite outgrowth-promoting activities.
AID1262647	Cytotoxicity against human HCC2998 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262659	Cytotoxicity against human LOXIMVI cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1684576	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by SRB assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 33	Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new 7-acetoxy-12-amino-14-deoxy andrographolide analogues.
AID539309	Antiproliferative activity against human THP1 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTS-PMS assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 20, Issue:23	Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of andrographolide analogues as anti-cancer agent.
AID339165	Immunostimulant activity in sheep RBC-immunized BALB/c albino mouse assessed as hemolytic plaque-forming cells per 10'5 spleen cells at 4 mg/kg, ip administered on day 7 and 3 prior to immunization measured after 5 days	1993	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 56, Issue:7	Immunostimulant agents from Andrographis paniculata.
AID781142	Antimigratory activity against human HT-29 cells at 10 uM after 12 to 48 hrs by wound-healing assay relative to control	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 23, Issue:23	Improved inhibitory activities against tumor-cell migration and invasion by 15-benzylidene substitution derivatives of andrographolide.
AID426084	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 5677 at 0.05 mg/disk after 25 hrs	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 44, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activities of andrographolide analogues.
AID1741332	Activation of NF-kappaB activity in mouse RAW-Blue cells assessed as increase in SEAP reporter activity at 30 uM measured after 24 hrs in presence of p38 inhibitor SB203580 by SEAP reporter gene assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID1741358	Activation of JNK phosphorylation in mouse RAW264.7 cells at 50 uM measured after 4 hrs by Western blot analysis	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID1893874	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-116 cells harboring KRAS G13D mutant assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 96 hrs by MTT assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-05, Volume: 211	Targeting KRAS mutant cancers by preventing signaling transduction in the MAPK pathway.
AID1374839	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus fumigatus	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 28, Issue:6	Regioselective and efficient enzymatic synthesis of antimicrobial andrographolide derivatives.
AID1186181	Increase in PARP cleavage in HEK293 cells at LC50 level after 48 hrs by Western blot method	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-06, Volume: 85	Synthesis and biological evaluation of andrographolide analogues as anti-cancer agents.
AID1262788	Cytotoxicity against human IGROV1 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID339171	Immunostimulant activity in sheep RBC-immunized BALB/c albino mouse assessed as hemagglutininating antibody titer at 1 mg/kg, po administered daily for 7 days by microtiter hemagglutinination technique	1993	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 56, Issue:7	Immunostimulant agents from Andrographis paniculata.
AID1556083	Growth inhibition of human DU145 cells	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 176	Andrographolide: A natural product template for the generation of structurally and biologically diverse diterpenes.
AID1262795	Cytotoxicity against human 786-0 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID776240	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as decrease in triton WR-1339-induced total cholesterol level in plasma at 150 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1556085	Growth inhibition of human MCF7 cells	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 176	Andrographolide: A natural product template for the generation of structurally and biologically diverse diterpenes.
AID1262690	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-468 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1408136	Antifibrotic activity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells assessed as inhibition of TGFbeta1-induced increase in alpha-SMA mRNA level at 500 nM preincubated for 1 hr followed by TGFbeta-1 addition measured after 24 hrs by qRT-PCR method	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-05, Volume: 157	Synthesis and anti-fibrosis activity study of 14-deoxyandrographolide-19-oic acid and 14-deoxydidehydroandrographolide-19-oic acid derivatives.
AID781137	Antiinvasive activity against human SGC7901 cells at 5 to 10 uM after 24 hrs by matrigel invasion assay relative to control	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 23, Issue:23	Improved inhibitory activities against tumor-cell migration and invasion by 15-benzylidene substitution derivatives of andrographolide.
AID1262797	Cytotoxicity against human ACHN cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1204913	Cytotoxicity against human Jurkat T cells assessed as appearance of necrotic cells at 25 uM after 24 hrs by annexin V-FLUOS/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Specificity and inhibitory mechanism of andrographolide and its analogues as antiasthma agents on NF-κB p50.
AID1262678	Cytotoxicity against human Caki1 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1707193	Antiproliferative activity against mouse P388 cells	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Development of Potential Antitumor Agents from the Scaffolds of Plant-Derived Terpenoid Lactones.
AID637867	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells by SRB assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	New substituted C-19-andrographolide analogues with potent cytotoxic activities.
AID776243	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as decrease in triton WR-1339-induced phospholipid level in plasma at 50 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1262655	Cytotoxicity against human SF539 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262781	Cytotoxicity against human M14 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262662	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-435 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1596105	Inhibition of LPS-stimulated NFkappaB activation in mouse RAW blue cells assessed as reduction in SEAP protein expression at 0.1 to 20 uM pretreated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by reporter gene assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 174	The identification of naturally occurring labdane diterpenoid calcaratarin D as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
AID426097	Growth inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 assessed as population density at 1 mM after 15 hrs by atomic force microscopy	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 44, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activities of andrographolide analogues.
AID1317142	Reduction of Keap1 gene expression in lungs of cigarette smoke-predisposed BALB/c mouse model of NTHi-inflammation at 5 and 10 mg/kg, ip administered post 1 and 24 hrs of NTHi-challenge by RT-PCR method	2016	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5	Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Disease Predisposes to More Severe Infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Protective Effects of Andrographolide.
AID1761539	Cytotoxicity against C57BL/6 mouse BMM cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs in presence of M-CSF by CCK8 assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 213	Synthesis and evaluation of andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-osteoporosis agents in vitro and in vivo.
AID683524	Inhibition of HIV1 gp120 expressed in human HL2/3 cells assessed as compound-treated HL2/3 cell fusion to human TZM-bl cells after 48 hrs by luciferase assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 56	Anti-HIV activity of semisynthetic derivatives of andrographolide and computational study of HIV-1 gp120 protein binding.
AID1761556	Antiosteoporotic activity against OVX-induced bone loss C57BL/6 mouse model assessed as increase in bone volume/total bone volume in femoral metaphysis at 10 mg/kg, po QD for 4 weeks	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 213	Synthesis and evaluation of andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-osteoporosis agents in vitro and in vivo.
AID1262757	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID249072	Concentration causing 50% inhibition of cancer cell growth against human CNS U251 cell line	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-20, Volume: 14, Issue:18	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of andrographolide analogues as novel cytotoxic agents.
AID1755695	Inhibition of GST-tagged recombinant RANKL/M-CSF-induced osteoclastogenesis in C57BL/6 mouse bone marrow derived macrophages assessed as TRAcP enzymatic activity incubated for 5 days with subsequent replenishment of media for 2 days and measured by leucoc	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 210	Deep learning enables discovery of highly potent anti-osteoporosis natural products.
AID1317133	Bactericidal activity against non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 53600	2016	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5	Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Disease Predisposes to More Severe Infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Protective Effects of Andrographolide.
AID696785	Cytotoxicity against TNFalpha-stimulated HUVEC assessed as cell viability at 10 uM pretreated for 16 hrs before TNFalpha challenge measured after 6 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 103.8 +/- 6.1%)	2011	Journal of natural products, Nov-28, Volume: 74, Issue:11	Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
AID1186175	Increase in caspase-3 expression in HEK293 cells at LC50 level after 48 hrs by immunocytochemistry	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-06, Volume: 85	Synthesis and biological evaluation of andrographolide analogues as anti-cancer agents.
AID776244	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as decrease in triton WR-1339-induced total cholesterol level in plasma at 50 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1684572	Cytotoxicity against human K213 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by SRB assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 33	Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new 7-acetoxy-12-amino-14-deoxy andrographolide analogues.
AID486591	Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 quorum sensing assessed as inhibition of pycocyanin production at 0.5 mM after 24 hrs by spectrometry	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 18, Issue:12	Design, synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel andrographolide derivatives.
AID1707185	Cytotoxicity against human A2058 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Development of Potential Antitumor Agents from the Scaffolds of Plant-Derived Terpenoid Lactones.
AID1741356	Antiinflammatory activity in BSO-treated mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNFalpha release at 2.5 to 10 uM preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 4 hrs by ELISA	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID1317138	Antiinflammatory activity in cigarette smoke-predisposed BALB/c mouse model of NTHi-inflammation assessed as suppression of lung CXCL1/KC level at 5 and 10 mg/kg, ip administered post 1 and 24 hrs of NTHi-challenge by ELISA	2016	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5	Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Disease Predisposes to More Severe Infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Protective Effects of Andrographolide.
AID696782	Inhibition of TNFalpha-stimulated cell surface ICAM-1 expression in HUVEC at 5 to 20 uM pretreated for 16 hrs before TNFalpha challenge measured after 6 hrs by flow cytometry	2011	Journal of natural products, Nov-28, Volume: 74, Issue:11	Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
AID426098	Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation cultivated on respiratory tack suction tube at 1 mM after 3 days by scanning electron microscopy	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 44, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activities of andrographolide analogues.
AID1317146	Activation of Nrf2 in cigarette smoke-predisposed BALB/c mouse model of NTHi-inflammation assessed as increase in lung NQO1 expression at 5 and 10 mg/kg, ip administered post 1 and 24 hrs of NTHi-challenge by RT-PCR method	2016	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5	Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Disease Predisposes to More Severe Infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Protective Effects of Andrographolide.
AID1262688	Cytotoxicity against human BT549 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262670	Cytotoxicity against human OVCAR4 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID696781	Inhibition of TNFalpha-stimulated DNA binding activity of NFkappaB in HUVEC at 5 to 20 uM pretreated for 16 hrs before TNFalpha challenge measured after 30 mins by EMSA	2011	Journal of natural products, Nov-28, Volume: 74, Issue:11	Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
AID1262683	Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262637	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1374838	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 28, Issue:6	Regioselective and efficient enzymatic synthesis of antimicrobial andrographolide derivatives.
AID1378659	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by SRB assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-29, Volume: 138	One-pot three steps cascade synthesis of novel isoandrographolide analogues and their cytotoxic activity.
AID1317139	Downregulation of MMP8 gene expression in lungs of cigarette smoke-predisposed BALB/c mouse model of NTHi-inflammation at 5 and 10 mg/kg, ip administered post 1 and 24 hrs of NTHi-challenge by RT-PCR method	2016	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5	Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Disease Predisposes to More Severe Infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Protective Effects of Andrographolide.
AID249074	Concentration causing 50% inhibition of cancer cell growth against human renal A498 cell line	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-20, Volume: 14, Issue:18	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of andrographolide analogues as novel cytotoxic agents.
AID776253	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as decrease in triton WR-1339-induced total cholesterol level in plasma at 25 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1878394	Antiviral activity against CHIKV 122508 infected in human HeLa CCL2 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication at MOI of 1 incubated for 24 hpi by immunofluorescence assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 230	Discovery and development of labdane-oxindole hybrids as small-molecule inhibitors against chikungunya virus infection.
AID1262789	Cytotoxicity against human OVCAR3 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262674	Cytotoxicity against human SKOV3 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1556093	Hypoglycemic activity in db/db mouse assessed as decrease in blood glucose level at 100 mg/kg administered daily for 6 days relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 176	Andrographolide: A natural product template for the generation of structurally and biologically diverse diterpenes.
AID1556080	Growth inhibition of human U251 cells	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 176	Andrographolide: A natural product template for the generation of structurally and biologically diverse diterpenes.
AID1262772	Cytotoxicity against human SW620 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262807	Cytotoxicity against human Hs578T cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262765	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H522 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID249073	Concentration causing 50% inhibition of cancer cell growth against human lung H522 cell line	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-20, Volume: 14, Issue:18	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of andrographolide analogues as novel cytotoxic agents.
AID1262644	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID696772	Induction of NFkappaB activation in HUVEC by EMSA	2011	Journal of natural products, Nov-28, Volume: 74, Issue:11	Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
AID1262802	Cytotoxicity against human UO31 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID781156	Antimigratory activity against human SGC7901 cells at 10 uM after 12 to 48 hrs by wound-healing assay relative to control	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 23, Issue:23	Improved inhibitory activities against tumor-cell migration and invasion by 15-benzylidene substitution derivatives of andrographolide.
AID1741337	GSH reactivity in PBS assessed as GSH adduct formation measured up to 8 hrs by HPLC-MS analysis	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID1262668	Cytotoxicity against human IGROV1 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1317135	Activation of Nrf2 in cigarette smoke-predisposed BALB/c mouse model of NTHi-inflammation assessed as increase in lung OH-1 expression at 5 and 10 mg/kg, ip administered post 1 and 24 hrs of NTHi-challenge by RT-PCR method	2016	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5	Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Disease Predisposes to More Severe Infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Protective Effects of Andrographolide.
AID1262654	Cytotoxicity against human SF295 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID426090	Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 quorum sensing assessed as inhibition of pycocyanin production at 1 mM after 18 hrs in presence of glycine	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 44, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activities of andrographolide analogues.
AID1262778	Cytotoxicity against human U251 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262804	Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID781134	Downregulation of MMP-9 mRNA expression in human SGC7901 cells at 10 uM after 48 hrs by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 23, Issue:23	Improved inhibitory activities against tumor-cell migration and invasion by 15-benzylidene substitution derivatives of andrographolide.
AID696773	Inhibition of TNFalpha-stimulated ICAM-1 mRNA expression in HUVEC at 20 uM pretreated for 16 hrs before TNFalpha challenge measured after 6 hrs by RT-PCR analysis	2011	Journal of natural products, Nov-28, Volume: 74, Issue:11	Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
AID1186179	Increase in Bax expression in HEK293 cells at LC50 level after 48 hrs by Western blot method	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-06, Volume: 85	Synthesis and biological evaluation of andrographolide analogues as anti-cancer agents.
AID1262758	Cytotoxicity against human EKVX cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID696777	Inhibition of TNFalpha-stimulated AKT1-mediated ICAM-1 expression in HUVEC assessed as ICAM1 level at 10 uM pretreated for 16 hrs before TNFalpha challenge measured after 6 hrs by Western blot analysis (Rvb = 345%)	2011	Journal of natural products, Nov-28, Volume: 74, Issue:11	Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
AID1408133	Inhibition of cell proliferation in HUVEC at 10 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-05, Volume: 157	Synthesis and anti-fibrosis activity study of 14-deoxyandrographolide-19-oic acid and 14-deoxydidehydroandrographolide-19-oic acid derivatives.
AID383495	Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells by trypan blue assay	2008	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 71, Issue:5	ent-Labdane diterpenoid lactone stereoisomers from Andrographis paniculata.
AID1262801	Cytotoxicity against human TK10 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262636	Cytotoxicity against human SR cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID310639	Inhibition of TNFalpha secretion in mouse J774A.1 cells at 20 uM after 24 hrs by ELISA	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 17, Issue:24	Synthesis of andrographolide derivatives and their TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression inhibitory activities.
AID684074	Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase at 50 uM by ELISA	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 56	Anti-HIV activity of semisynthetic derivatives of andrographolide and computational study of HIV-1 gp120 protein binding.
AID683526	Antiviral activity against HIV1 assessed as inhibition of syncytia formation	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 56	Anti-HIV activity of semisynthetic derivatives of andrographolide and computational study of HIV-1 gp120 protein binding.
AID1707191	Antiproliferative activity against human HL-60 cells	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Development of Potential Antitumor Agents from the Scaffolds of Plant-Derived Terpenoid Lactones.
AID776229	Antioxidant activity assessed as decrease in superoxide anions level by measuring formation of formazone at 200 ug/ml after 30 mins by spectrophotometric analysis relative to control	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID776252	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as decrease in triton WR-1339-induced total cholesterol level in plasma at 100 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1262786	Cytotoxicity against human UACC257 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1556095	Antagonist activity at FXR (unknown origin)	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 176	Andrographolide: A natural product template for the generation of structurally and biologically diverse diterpenes.
AID776249	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as decrease in triton WR-1339-induced triglyceride level in plasma at 100 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1741351	Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by Celltiter-glo assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID1846487	Antiviral activity against SARS CoV-2 (01/human/Jan2020/Thailand) infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells for assessed as inhibition of viral replication preincubated for 1 hr followed by viral adsorption for 2 hrs and measured after 48 hrs by hoec
AID1663932	Anticancer activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-15, Volume: 30, Issue:14	Design and synthesis of C-12 dithiocarbamate andrographolide analogues as an anticancer agent.
AID1262639	Cytotoxicity against human HOP62 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1663930	Anticancer activity against human KB cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-15, Volume: 30, Issue:14	Design and synthesis of C-12 dithiocarbamate andrographolide analogues as an anticancer agent.
AID776228	Antioxidant activity assessed as decrease in hydroxyl radicals level by measuring formation of malondialdehyde at 200 ug/ml after 90 mins by spectrophotometric analysis relative to control	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID696774	Inhibition of TNFalpha-stimulated human ICAM-1 promoter activity expressed in HUVEC assessed as beta-galactosidase activity at 20 uM pretreated for 30 mins before TNFalpha challenge measured after 5 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Nov-28, Volume: 74, Issue:11	Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
AID1663934	Anticancer activity against rat ASK cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-15, Volume: 30, Issue:14	Design and synthesis of C-12 dithiocarbamate andrographolide analogues as an anticancer agent.
AID1262753	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1741364	Antiinflammatory activity in 24 hrs NAC-pretreated mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNFalpha release at 10 uM preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 4 hrs by ELISA relative to control	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID1846469	Antiviral activity against SARS CoV-2 (01/human/Jan2020/Thailand) infected in human Calu-3 cells for 2 hrs assessed as inhibition of viral replication measured after 48 hrs post infection by IFA assay
AID696775	Inhibition of activated Akt1 phosphorylation at Ser473 expressed in HUVEC transfected with activated AKT1 assessed as pAKT level at 10 uM after 16 hrs by Western blot analysis (Rvb = 272%)	2011	Journal of natural products, Nov-28, Volume: 74, Issue:11	Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
AID1262675	Cytotoxicity against human 786-0 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1846480	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human HepG2 to IC50 for SARS CoV-2 (01/human/Jan2020/Thailand) infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells
AID1741328	Inhibition of LPS-induced NF-kappaB activity in mouse RAW-Blue cells assessed as reduction in SEAP reporter activity at 5 to 20 uM preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 8 to 24 hrs by SEAP reporter gene assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID776250	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as decrease in triton WR-1339-induced phospholipid level in plasma at 100 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID426091	Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 quorum sensing assessed as inhibition of pycocyanin production at 1 mM after 18 hrs in presence of lipoic acid	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 44, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activities of andrographolide analogues.
AID1317137	Antiinflammatory activity in cigarette smoke-predisposed BALB/c mouse model of NTHi-inflammation assessed as suppression of lung IL-1 beta level at 5 and 10 mg/kg, ip administered post 1 and 24 hrs of NTHi-challenge by ELISA	2016	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5	Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Disease Predisposes to More Severe Infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Protective Effects of Andrographolide.
AID1707192	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells incubated for 48 hrs by SRB assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Development of Potential Antitumor Agents from the Scaffolds of Plant-Derived Terpenoid Lactones.
AID1262672	Cytotoxicity against human OVCAR8 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID426078	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 0.05 mg/disk after 25 hrs	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 44, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activities of andrographolide analogues.
AID1262774	Cytotoxicity against human SF295 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1204909	Inhibition of TNF-alpha-stimulated NF-kappaB p50 (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells preincubated for 4 hrs followed by TNF-alpha challenge measured after 24 hrs by secreted alkaline phosphatase reporter assay	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Specificity and inhibitory mechanism of andrographolide and its analogues as antiasthma agents on NF-κB p50.
AID380100	Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis at 10 ug/ml by disk diffusion assay	2006	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3	ent-Labdane diterpenoids from Andrographis paniculata.
AID683527	Inhibition of HIV1 protease at 50 uM by ELISA	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 56	Anti-HIV activity of semisynthetic derivatives of andrographolide and computational study of HIV-1 gp120 protein binding.
AID1262752	Cytotoxicity against human HL-60(TB) cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID776232	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as decrease in triton WR-1339-induced VLDL cholesterol level in plasma at 100 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs by poly anionic precipitation method relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1262776	Cytotoxicity against human SNB19 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1663933	Anticancer activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-15, Volume: 30, Issue:14	Design and synthesis of C-12 dithiocarbamate andrographolide analogues as an anticancer agent.
AID1556086	Growth inhibition of human OVCAR1 cells	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 176	Andrographolide: A natural product template for the generation of structurally and biologically diverse diterpenes.
AID1262796	Cytotoxicity against human A498 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262686	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1317145	Activation of Nrf2 in cigarette smoke-predisposed BALB/c mouse model of NTHi-inflammation assessed as increase in lung GPx2 expression at 5 and 10 mg/kg, ip administered post 1 and 24 hrs of NTHi-challenge by RT-PCR method	2016	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5	Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Disease Predisposes to More Severe Infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Protective Effects of Andrographolide.
AID1262666	Cytotoxicity against human UACC257 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262684	Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262689	Cytotoxicity against human T47D cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID781146	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 23, Issue:23	Improved inhibitory activities against tumor-cell migration and invasion by 15-benzylidene substitution derivatives of andrographolide.
AID1599362	Virucidal activity against DENV2 infected in human HeLa cells	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 176	Recent update on anti-dengue drug discovery.
AID1262676	Cytotoxicity against human A498 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262766	Cytotoxicity against human COLO205 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1186184	Increase in Bax expression in p53 deficient HEK293 cells at LC50 level after 48 hrs by Western blot method	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-06, Volume: 85	Synthesis and biological evaluation of andrographolide analogues as anti-cancer agents.
AID1741362	Antiinflammatory activity in 2 hrs NAC-pretreated mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNFalpha release at 10 uM preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 4 hrs by ELISA relative to control	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID1374836	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 28, Issue:6	Regioselective and efficient enzymatic synthesis of antimicrobial andrographolide derivatives.
AID637868	Cytotoxicity against human Col2 cells by SRB assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	New substituted C-19-andrographolide analogues with potent cytotoxic activities.
AID1262798	Cytotoxicity against human Caki1 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1918724	Antiviral activity against HCoV-OC43 infected in human HCT-8 cells assessed as inhibition of viral growth at 10 uM incubated for 4 days by ELISA analysis relative to control	2022	Journal of natural products, 12-23, Volume: 85, Issue:12	Evaluating the
AID1540916	Antiviral activity against West Nile virus Kunjin infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in plague formation incubated for 72 hrs by immunofluorescence assay	2019	Journal of natural products, 10-25, Volume: 82, Issue:10	Basimarols A, B, and C, Highly Oxygenated Pimarane Diterpenoids from
AID1262803	Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262751	Cytotoxicity against human CCRF-CEM cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID776235	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as decrease in triton WR-1339-induced phospholipid level in plasma at 200 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1556084	Growth inhibition of human A498 cells	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 176	Andrographolide: A natural product template for the generation of structurally and biologically diverse diterpenes.
AID776227	Antioxidant activity assessed as reduction of microsomal lipid per-oxidation level by measuring formation of malondialdehyde at 200 ug/ml after 90 mins by spectrophotometric analysis relative to control	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1262777	Cytotoxicity against human SNB75 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1846471	Antiviral activity against SARS CoV-2 (01/human/Jan2020/Thailand) infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells for 2 hrs assessed as inhibition of viral replication measured after 48 hrs post infection by IFA assay
AID1262663	Cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL-2 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1596110	Inhibition of LPS-stimulated SAPK/JNK phosphorylation in mouse RAW264.7 cells at 5 to 20 uM pretreated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 4 hrs by Western blot analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 174	The identification of naturally occurring labdane diterpenoid calcaratarin D as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
AID1453834	Growth inhibition of human NCI60 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13	Synthesis and biological evaluation of new C-12(α/β)-(N-) sulfamoyl-phenylamino-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1741350	Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by Celltiter-glo assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID1317143	Activation of Nrf2 in cigarette smoke-predisposed BALB/c mouse model of NTHi-inflammation assessed as increase in lung GR expression at 5 and 10 mg/kg, ip administered post 1 and 24 hrs of NTHi-challenge by RT-PCR method	2016	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5	Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Disease Predisposes to More Severe Infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Protective Effects of Andrographolide.
AID1262685	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262671	Cytotoxicity against human OVCAR5 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1362920	Inhibition of NF-kappaB stimulated STAT3 activation in human AD293 cells incubated with NF-kappaB for 16 hrs followed by compound addition measured after 4 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-01, Volume: 26, Issue:18	Andrographolide derivative as STAT3 inhibitor that protects acute liver damage in mice.
AID249078	Concentration causing 50% inhibition of cancer cell growth against human breast MCF-7/ADR cell line	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-20, Volume: 14, Issue:18	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of andrographolide analogues as novel cytotoxic agents.
AID645482	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs by Griess method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 22, Issue:4	Microbial transformation of deoxyandrographolide and their inhibitory activity on LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
AID637866	Cytotoxicity against mouse P388 cells by SRB assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	New substituted C-19-andrographolide analogues with potent cytotoxic activities.
AID776246	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as decrease in triton WR-1339-induced triglyceride level in plasma at 25 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1186152	Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-06, Volume: 85	Synthesis and biological evaluation of andrographolide analogues as anti-cancer agents.
AID1408137	Antifibrotic activity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells assessed as inhibition of TGFbeta1-induced increase in FN mRNA level at 500 nM preincubated for 1 hr followed by TGFbeta-1 addition measured after 24 hrs by qRT-PCR method	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-05, Volume: 157	Synthesis and anti-fibrosis activity study of 14-deoxyandrographolide-19-oic acid and 14-deoxydidehydroandrographolide-19-oic acid derivatives.
AID1262763	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H322M cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID310642	Inhibition of LPS-induced IL6 secretion in mouse J774A.1 cells at 20 uM after 24 hrs by ELISA	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 17, Issue:24	Synthesis of andrographolide derivatives and their TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression inhibitory activities.
AID1262770	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1140530	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2.2.15 cells by MTT assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 24, Issue:10	Synthesis, structure-activity relationships and biological evaluation of dehydroandrographolide and andrographolide derivatives as novel anti-hepatitis B virus agents.
AID1846476	Cytotoxicity against human HK-2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
AID713583	Cytotoxicity against human HL60/A cells after 18 hrs by annexin-V labeling-based flow cytometry	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 55, Issue:20	Guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones, a source to discover agents that selectively inhibit acute myelogenous leukemia stem and progenitor cells.
AID637871	Cytotoxicity against rat ASK cells by SRB assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	New substituted C-19-andrographolide analogues with potent cytotoxic activities.
AID1186185	Reduction in Bcl-xL expression in p53 deficient HEK293 cells at LC50 level after 48 hrs by Western blot method	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-06, Volume: 85	Synthesis and biological evaluation of andrographolide analogues as anti-cancer agents.
AID776233	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as increase in triton WR-1339-reduced post heparin lipolytic activity level in plasma at 200 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1262759	Cytotoxicity against human HOP62 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1741363	Antiinflammatory activity in 4 hrs NAC-pretreated mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNFalpha release at 10 uM preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 4 hrs by ELISA relative to control	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID758827	Induction of metaphase cell accumulation in human PC3 cells at 30 to 60 uM after 24 hrs by DAPI staining-based confocal microscopic analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 23, Issue:14	Discovery of novel andrographolide derivatives as cytotoxic agents.
AID1317131	Anti-inflammatory activity in cigarette smoke-predisposed BALB/c mouse model of NTHi-inflammation assessed as reduction in neutrophil infiltration in BAL fluid at 10 mg/kg, ip administered at 1 and 24 hrs post NTHi-challenge by Wright-staining based diffe	2016	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5	Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Disease Predisposes to More Severe Infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Protective Effects of Andrographolide.
AID339164	Immunostimulant activity in sheep RBC-immunized BALB/c albino mouse assessed as hemagglutininating antibody titer at 4 mg/kg, ip administered on day 7 and 3 prior to immunization measured after 5 days by microtiter hemagglutinination technique	1993	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 56, Issue:7	Immunostimulant agents from Andrographis paniculata.
AID1556078	Growth inhibition of human MCF7/ADR cells	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 176	Andrographolide: A natural product template for the generation of structurally and biologically diverse diterpenes.
AID611116	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTS assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Jun-24, Volume: 74, Issue:6	Protective role of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, a noncytotoxic analogue of andrographolide, in allergic airway inflammation.
AID1707175	Antiproliferative activity against human HL-60 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Development of Potential Antitumor Agents from the Scaffolds of Plant-Derived Terpenoid Lactones.
AID426085	Growth inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 at 1 mM after 25 hrs	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 44, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activities of andrographolide analogues.
AID426083	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 5676 at 0.05 mg/disk after 25 hrs	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 44, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activities of andrographolide analogues.
AID1140536	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human HepG2.2.15 cells to IC50 for HBV infected in human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as inhibition of DNA replication	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 24, Issue:10	Synthesis, structure-activity relationships and biological evaluation of dehydroandrographolide and andrographolide derivatives as novel anti-hepatitis B virus agents.
AID1262642	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H23 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID758826	Growth inhibition of human A549 cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 23, Issue:14	Discovery of novel andrographolide derivatives as cytotoxic agents.
AID781161	Antimigratory activity against human 5637 cells at 2.5 uM after 12 to 48 hrs by wound-healing assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 23, Issue:23	Improved inhibitory activities against tumor-cell migration and invasion by 15-benzylidene substitution derivatives of andrographolide.
AID539368	Antiproliferative activity against human L-132 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTS-PMS assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 20, Issue:23	Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of andrographolide analogues as anti-cancer agent.
AID776226	Antioxidant activity assessed as reduction of LDL-oxidation at 200 ug/ml after 1 hr by TBARS assay in presence of Cu 2+ relative to control	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1262681	Cytotoxicity against human TK10 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1551815	Inhibition of recombinant human HK2 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using glucose as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition in presence of ATP by G6PDH/NADP coupled assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 173	Synthesis of novel andrographolide beckmann rearrangement derivatives and evaluation of their HK2-related anti-inflammatory activities.
AID781144	Antimigratory activity against human EC109 cells at 10 uM after 12 to 48 hrs by wound-healing assay relative to control	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 23, Issue:23	Improved inhibitory activities against tumor-cell migration and invasion by 15-benzylidene substitution derivatives of andrographolide.
AID1374841	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 28, Issue:6	Regioselective and efficient enzymatic synthesis of antimicrobial andrographolide derivatives.
AID1408141	Antifibrotic activity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells assessed as inhibition of COL1A1 mRNA level at 500 nM measured after 24 hrs by qRT-PCR method	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-05, Volume: 157	Synthesis and anti-fibrosis activity study of 14-deoxyandrographolide-19-oic acid and 14-deoxydidehydroandrographolide-19-oic acid derivatives.
AID1262634	Cytotoxicity against human MOLT4 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID264793	Inhibition of beta glucosidase at 100 uM	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 16, Issue:10	Studies on the novel alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity and structure-activity relationships for andrographolide analogues.
AID380104	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans at 10 ug/ml by disk diffusion assay	2006	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3	ent-Labdane diterpenoids from Andrographis paniculata.
AID1262649	Cytotoxicity against human HCT15 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1684566	Cytotoxicity against rat ASK cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by SRB assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 33	Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new 7-acetoxy-12-amino-14-deoxy andrographolide analogues.
AID1596109	Inhibition of LPS-stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation in mouse RAW264.7 cells at 5 to 20 uM pretreated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 4 hrs by Western blot analysis	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 174	The identification of naturally occurring labdane diterpenoid calcaratarin D as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
AID696792	Inhibition of TNFalpha-stimulated Akt1 phosphorylation at Ser473 in HUVEC at 10 uM pretreated for 16 hrs before TNFalpha challenge measured after 15 mins by Western blot analysis	2011	Journal of natural products, Nov-28, Volume: 74, Issue:11	Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
AID426080	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis at 0.05 mg/disk after 25 hrs	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 44, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activities of andrographolide analogues.
AID380101	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at 10 ug/ml by disk diffusion assay	2006	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3	ent-Labdane diterpenoids from Andrographis paniculata.
AID1262664	Cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL-28 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262754	Cytotoxicity against human MOLT4 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1846483	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human Caco-2 to IC50 for SARS CoV-2 (01/human/Jan2020/Thailand) infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells
AID1408139	Antifibrotic activity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells assessed as inhibition of alpha-SMA mRNA level at 500 nM measured after 24 hrs by qRT-PCR method	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-05, Volume: 157	Synthesis and anti-fibrosis activity study of 14-deoxyandrographolide-19-oic acid and 14-deoxydidehydroandrographolide-19-oic acid derivatives.
AID1872887	Inhibition of porcine alpha-amylase using starch as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 10 mins by microplate reader analysis	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 235	Recent results from non-basic glycosidase inhibitors: How structural diversity can inform general strategies for improving inhibition potency.
AID781155	Cytotoxicity against human SGC7901 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 23, Issue:23	Improved inhibitory activities against tumor-cell migration and invasion by 15-benzylidene substitution derivatives of andrographolide.
AID776242	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as decrease in triton WR-1339-induced triglyceride level in plasma at 50 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1262650	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262790	Cytotoxicity against human OVCAR4 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID776248	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as increase in triton WR-1339-reduced post heparin lipolytic activity level in plasma at 100 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1204065	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 25, Issue:11	Synthesis of new ent-labdane diterpene derivatives from andrographolide and evaluation on cytotoxic activities.
AID1317132	Bacteriostatic activity against non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 53600	2016	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5	Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Disease Predisposes to More Severe Infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Protective Effects of Andrographolide.
AID1378657	Cytotoxicity against mouse P388 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by SRB assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-29, Volume: 138	One-pot three steps cascade synthesis of novel isoandrographolide analogues and their cytotoxic activity.
AID1707187	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Development of Potential Antitumor Agents from the Scaffolds of Plant-Derived Terpenoid Lactones.
AID1872886	Inhibition of yeast alpha-glucosidase using p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 5 mins by microplate reader analysis	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 235	Recent results from non-basic glycosidase inhibitors: How structural diversity can inform general strategies for improving inhibition potency.
AID776237	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as increase in triton WR-1339-reduced post heparin lipolytic activity level in plasma at 150 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1186180	Reduction in Bcl-xL expression in HEK293 cells at LC50 level after 48 hrs by Western blot method	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-06, Volume: 85	Synthesis and biological evaluation of andrographolide analogues as anti-cancer agents.
AID1204914	Cytotoxicity against human Jurkat T cells assessed as appearance of viable cells at 25 uM after 24 hrs by annexin V-FLUOS/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Specificity and inhibitory mechanism of andrographolide and its analogues as antiasthma agents on NF-κB p50.
AID1741327	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNFalpha release at 5 to 10 uM preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 4 hrs by ELISA	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID1262756	Cytotoxicity against human SR cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1317141	Antiinflammatory activity in cigarette smoke-predisposed BALB/c mouse model of NTHi-inflammation assessed as suppression of lung 8-OHdG level at 5 and 10 mg/kg, ip administered post 1 and 24 hrs of NTHi-challenge by ELISA	2016	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5	Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Disease Predisposes to More Severe Infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Protective Effects of Andrographolide.
AID1362921	Cytotoxicity against human AD293 cells	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-01, Volume: 26, Issue:18	Andrographolide derivative as STAT3 inhibitor that protects acute liver damage in mice.
AID380102	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli at 10 ug/ml by disk diffusion assay	2006	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3	ent-Labdane diterpenoids from Andrographis paniculata.
AID1362922	Inhibition of IFNgamma-stimulated STAT3 activation in human HeLa cells incubated with IFNgamma for 16 hrs followed by compound addition measured after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-01, Volume: 26, Issue:18	Andrographolide derivative as STAT3 inhibitor that protects acute liver damage in mice.
AID426093	Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 quorum sensing assessed as suppression of protease production at 1 mM after 18 hrs by azocasein-based colorimetric method	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 44, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activities of andrographolide analogues.
AID696776	Inhibition of TNFalpha-stimulated Akt1 phosphorylation at Ser473 assessed as pAKT level in HUVEC at 10 uM pretreated for 16 hrs before TNFalpha challenge measured after 6 hrs by Western blot analysis (Rvb = 249%)	2011	Journal of natural products, Nov-28, Volume: 74, Issue:11	Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
AID1362918	Inhibition of IFNgamma-stimulated STAT3 activation in human AD293 cells incubated with IFNgamma for 16 hrs followed by compound addition measured after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-01, Volume: 26, Issue:18	Andrographolide derivative as STAT3 inhibitor that protects acute liver damage in mice.
AID1262677	Cytotoxicity against human ACHN cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID426096	Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 quorum sensing assessed as suppression of protease production at 1 mM after 18 hrs by azocasein-based colorimetric method in presence of lipoic acid	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 44, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activities of andrographolide analogues.
AID1317144	Activation of Nrf2 in cigarette smoke-predisposed BALB/c mouse model of NTHi-inflammation assessed as increase in lung GCLM expression at 5 and 10 mg/kg, ip administered post 1 and 24 hrs of NTHi-challenge by RT-PCR method	2016	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5	Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Disease Predisposes to More Severe Infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Protective Effects of Andrographolide.
AID426103	Growth inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 assessed as survival rate at 350 ug/mL after 20 hrs	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 44, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activities of andrographolide analogues.
AID1408135	Inhibition of cell proliferation in HUVEC at 80 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-05, Volume: 157	Synthesis and anti-fibrosis activity study of 14-deoxyandrographolide-19-oic acid and 14-deoxydidehydroandrographolide-19-oic acid derivatives.
AID539308	Antiproliferative activity against human U937 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTS-PMS assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 20, Issue:23	Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of andrographolide analogues as anti-cancer agent.
AID1262767	Cytotoxicity against human HCC2998 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1540918	Antiviral activity against influenza virus H3N2 infected in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in plague formation incubated for 72 hrs by immunofluorescence assay	2019	Journal of natural products, 10-25, Volume: 82, Issue:10	Basimarols A, B, and C, Highly Oxygenated Pimarane Diterpenoids from
AID1204907	Binding affinity to 6His-tagged recombinant human NF-kappaB p50 N-terminal domain expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) after 2 hrs by mass spectrometric analysis	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Specificity and inhibitory mechanism of andrographolide and its analogues as antiasthma agents on NF-κB p50.
AID1741341	GSH reactivity assessed as GSH adduct formation by measuring reduction in intracellular GSH level at 5 to 20 uM measured after 2 hrs by cell-based monochlorobimane fluorometric method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID1556094	Decrease in plasma triglycerides level in db/db mouse at 100 mg/kg administered daily for 6 days relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 176	Andrographolide: A natural product template for the generation of structurally and biologically diverse diterpenes.
AID1846478	Cytotoxicity against human Calu-3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
AID758824	Growth inhibition of human KBVIN cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 23, Issue:14	Discovery of novel andrographolide derivatives as cytotoxic agents.
AID1525097	Neuroprotective against amyloid beta (42 residues)-induced cell death in mouse HT22 cells transfected with pEGFP-C1/Abeta42 assessed as increase in cell viability up to 80 uM measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2019	Journal of natural products, 05-24, Volume: 82, Issue:5	Eudesmane Glycosides from Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Common Ragweed) as Potential Neuroprotective Agents.
AID781141	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 23, Issue:23	Improved inhibitory activities against tumor-cell migration and invasion by 15-benzylidene substitution derivatives of andrographolide.
AID758823	Growth inhibition of human KB cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 23, Issue:14	Discovery of novel andrographolide derivatives as cytotoxic agents.
AID426082	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at 0.05 mg/disk after 25 hrs	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 44, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activities of andrographolide analogues.
AID611114	Cytotoxicity against human BEAS2B cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTS assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Jun-24, Volume: 74, Issue:6	Protective role of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, a noncytotoxic analogue of andrographolide, in allergic airway inflammation.
AID1262769	Cytotoxicity against human HCT15 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID611115	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTS assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Jun-24, Volume: 74, Issue:6	Protective role of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, a noncytotoxic analogue of andrographolide, in allergic airway inflammation.
AID977602	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID339166	Immunostimulant activity in sheep RBC-immunized BALB/c albino mouse assessed as delayed-type hypersensitivity response-related right foot pad thickness at 4 mg/kg, ip administered on day 7 and 3 prior to immunization measured after 5 days relative to non-	1993	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 56, Issue:7	Immunostimulant agents from Andrographis paniculata.
AID1741357	Cytotoxicity against BSO-treated mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction cell viability measured after 24 hrs by Celltiter-glo assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID1684573	Cytotoxicity against human K055 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by SRB assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 33	Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new 7-acetoxy-12-amino-14-deoxy andrographolide analogues.
AID1317134	Antiinflammatory activity in cigarette smoke-predisposed BALB/c mouse model of NTHi-inflammation assessed as reduction in lung inflammation score at 10 mg/kg, ip administered at 1 and 24 hrs post NTHi-challenge by hematoxylin and eosin staining-based meth	2016	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5	Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Disease Predisposes to More Severe Infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Protective Effects of Andrographolide.
AID1262673	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-ADR-RES cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1374842	Hemolytic activity in human RBC at 25 ug/ml relative to control	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 28, Issue:6	Regioselective and efficient enzymatic synthesis of antimicrobial andrographolide derivatives.
AID1544493	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced NO production at 20 uM incubated for 24 hrs by Griess method	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Synthesis of andrographolide analogues and their neuroprotection and neurite outgrowth-promoting activities.
AID1262771	Cytotoxicity against human KM12 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1368094	Inhibition of NF-kappaB (unknown origin) expressed in human A431 cells using p-NPP as substrate incubated for 48 hrs followed by substrate addition measured after 1 hr by SEAP reporter gene assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 27, Issue:24	Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines linked with thiazoles/thiophene motif through keto spacer as potential cytotoxic agents and NF-κB inhibitors.
AID1846477	Cytotoxicity against human Caco-2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
AID696783	Inhibition of TNFalpha-stimulated HUVEC adhesion to BCECF-AM-labeled human HL60 cells at 20 uM pretreated for 16 hrs before TNFalpha challenge measured after 6 hrs by fluorescence assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Nov-28, Volume: 74, Issue:11	Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
AID1262657	Cytotoxicity against human SNB75 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1374835	Antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 28, Issue:6	Regioselective and efficient enzymatic synthesis of antimicrobial andrographolide derivatives.
AID1540917	Antiviral activity against influenza virus H1N1 infected in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in plague formation incubated for 72 hrs by immunofluorescence assay	2019	Journal of natural products, 10-25, Volume: 82, Issue:10	Basimarols A, B, and C, Highly Oxygenated Pimarane Diterpenoids from
AID637869	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells by SRB assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	New substituted C-19-andrographolide analogues with potent cytotoxic activities.
AID1684565	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by SRB assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 33	Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new 7-acetoxy-12-amino-14-deoxy andrographolide analogues.
AID249075	Concentration causing 50% inhibition of cancer cell growth against human colon SW620 cell line	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-20, Volume: 14, Issue:18	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of andrographolide analogues as novel cytotoxic agents.
AID977599	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1846479	Cytotoxicity against human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
AID776241	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as increase in triton WR-1339-reduced post heparin lipolytic activity level in plasma at 50 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID776230	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as increase in triton WR-1339-reduced lipoprotein lipase level in liver at 100 mg/kg, po relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1408140	Antifibrotic activity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells assessed as inhibition of FN mRNA level at 500 nM measured after 24 hrs by qRT-PCR method	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-05, Volume: 157	Synthesis and anti-fibrosis activity study of 14-deoxyandrographolide-19-oic acid and 14-deoxydidehydroandrographolide-19-oic acid derivatives.
AID1684574	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by SRB assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 33	Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new 7-acetoxy-12-amino-14-deoxy andrographolide analogues.
AID611111	Cytotoxicity against rat RBL2H3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTS assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Jun-24, Volume: 74, Issue:6	Protective role of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, a noncytotoxic analogue of andrographolide, in allergic airway inflammation.
AID776239	Antidyslipidemic activity in Charles foster rat assessed as decrease in triton WR-1339-induced phospholipid level in plasma at 150 mg/kg, po after 18 hrs relative to triton-treated rat	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69	Synthesis of new andrographolide derivatives and evaluation of their antidyslipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity.
AID1204908	Binding affinity to 6His-tagged recombinant human NF-kappaB p50 N-terminal domain expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) at 20:1 compound to protein molar ratio after 2 hrs by mass spectrometric analysis in presence of DTT	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Specificity and inhibitory mechanism of andrographolide and its analogues as antiasthma agents on NF-κB p50.
AID1262780	Cytotoxicity against human MALME-3M cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1186155	Cytotoxicity against human MCF10A cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-06, Volume: 85	Synthesis and biological evaluation of andrographolide analogues as anti-cancer agents.
AID1262635	Cytotoxicity against human RPMI8226 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262799	Cytotoxicity against human RXF393 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID781149	Antimigratory activity against human A549 cells at 5 uM after 12 to 48 hrs by wound-healing assay relative to control	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 23, Issue:23	Improved inhibitory activities against tumor-cell migration and invasion by 15-benzylidene substitution derivatives of andrographolide.
AID1262764	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID380106	Antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger at 10 ug/ml by disk diffusion assay	2006	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 69, Issue:3	ent-Labdane diterpenoids from Andrographis paniculata.
AID1846470	Antiviral activity against SARS CoV-2 (01/human/Jan2020/Thailand) infected in human Calu-3 cells for 2 hrs assessed as inhibition of viral replication measured after 48 hrs post infection by plague assay
AID1262641	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H226 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262775	Cytotoxicity against human SF539 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1761542	Anti-osteoporosis activity in C57BL/6 mouse BMM cells assessed as inhibition of M-CSF/RANKL-induced bone resorption by measuring suppression of reabsorbing pits formation after 48 hrs by hydroxyapatite assay using Leica inverted microscope	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 213	Synthesis and evaluation of andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-osteoporosis agents in vitro and in vivo.
AID1761559	Antiosteoporotic activity against OVX-induced bone loss C57BL/6 mouse model assessed as decrease in trabecular spacing in femoral metaphysis at 10 mg/kg, po QD for 4 weeks	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 213	Synthesis and evaluation of andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-osteoporosis agents in vitro and in vivo.
AID1556082	Growth inhibition of human SKOV3 cells	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 176	Andrographolide: A natural product template for the generation of structurally and biologically diverse diterpenes.
AID1846484	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human Calu-3 to IC50 for SARS CoV-2 (01/human/Jan2020/Thailand) infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells
AID426079	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli at 0.05 mg/disk after 25 hrs	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 44, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activities of andrographolide analogues.
AID637870	Cytotoxicity against human Lu1 cells by SRB assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	New substituted C-19-andrographolide analogues with potent cytotoxic activities.
AID1262679	Cytotoxicity against human RXF393 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID310641	Inhibition of IL6 secretion in mouse J774A.1 cells at 20 uM after 24 hrs by ELISA	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 17, Issue:24	Synthesis of andrographolide derivatives and their TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression inhibitory activities.
AID781138	Antiinvasive activity against human SGC7901 cells at 10 uM after 24 hrs by matrigel invasion assay relative to control	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 23, Issue:23	Improved inhibitory activities against tumor-cell migration and invasion by 15-benzylidene substitution derivatives of andrographolide.
AID426092	Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 quorum sensing assessed as suppression of protease production at 0.1 mM after 18 hrs by azocasein-based colorimetric method	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 44, Issue:7	Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial activities of andrographolide analogues.
AID781143	Cytotoxicity against human EC109 cells assessed as growth inhibition at 10 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 23, Issue:23	Improved inhibitory activities against tumor-cell migration and invasion by 15-benzylidene substitution derivatives of andrographolide.
AID310640	Inhibition of LPS-induced TNFalpha secretion in mouse J774A.1 cells at 20 uM after 24 hrs by ELISA	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 17, Issue:24	Synthesis of andrographolide derivatives and their TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression inhibitory activities.
AID1362919	Inhibition of IL-6 stimulated STAT3 activation in human AD293 cells incubated with IL-6 for 16 hrs followed by compound addition measured after 6 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-01, Volume: 26, Issue:18	Andrographolide derivative as STAT3 inhibitor that protects acute liver damage in mice.
AID1761538	Anti-osteoporosis activity in C57BL/6 mouse BMM cells assessed as inhibition of M-CSF/RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by measuring reduction in multinucleated TRAP+ cells incubated for 5 days with media replenishment for every 48 hrs measured by TRAP-sta	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 213	Synthesis and evaluation of andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-osteoporosis agents in vitro and in vivo.
AID1741359	Activation of JNK phosphorylation in BSO-treated mouse RAW264.7 cells at 50 uM measured after 4 hrs by Western blot analysis	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 204	From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.
AID1262805	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1663935	Anticancer activity against human KKU-M213 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-15, Volume: 30, Issue:14	Design and synthesis of C-12 dithiocarbamate andrographolide analogues as an anticancer agent.
AID696784	Cytotoxicity against TNFalpha-stimulated HUVEC assessed as cell viability at 20 uM pretreated for 16 hrs before TNFalpha challenge measured after 6 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 103.8 +/- 6.1%)	2011	Journal of natural products, Nov-28, Volume: 74, Issue:11	Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
AID696791	Induction of Akt1 phosphorylation at Ser473 expressed in HUVEC by Western blot analysis	2011	Journal of natural products, Nov-28, Volume: 74, Issue:11	Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Inflammation by andrographolide via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
AID1204066	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 25, Issue:11	Synthesis of new ent-labdane diterpene derivatives from andrographolide and evaluation on cytotoxic activities.
AID539369	Antiproliferative activity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTS-PMS assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 20, Issue:23	Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of andrographolide analogues as anti-cancer agent.
AID1262800	Cytotoxicity against human SN12C cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1262782	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-435 cells assessed as growth level at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel C-12 substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.
AID1663937	Anticancer activity against human KKU055 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-15, Volume: 30, Issue:14	Design and synthesis of C-12 dithiocarbamate andrographolide analogues as an anticancer agent.
AID758825	Growth inhibition of human DU145 cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 23, Issue:14	Discovery of novel andrographolide derivatives as cytotoxic agents.
AID249076	Concentration causing 50% inhibition of cancer cell growth against human ovarian SKOV3 cell line	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-20, Volume: 14, Issue:18	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of andrographolide analogues as novel cytotoxic agents.
AID539310	Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTS-PMS assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 20, Issue:23	Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of andrographolide analogues as anti-cancer agent.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347412	qHTS assay to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: Counter screen cell viability and HiBit confirmation	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347411	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1159550	Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening	2015	Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11	6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	5 (0.55)	18.7374
1990's	12 (1.32)	18.2507
2000's	122 (13.44)	29.6817
2010's	511 (56.28)	24.3611
2020's	258 (28.41)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	9 (0.98%)	5.53%
Reviews	50 (5.42%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	864 (93.61%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (14)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy of Andrographis Paniculata in Subjects With Mild to Moderate Osteoarthritis Over a 12-weeks Period [NCT03262792]		108 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-12-13	Completed
Effects of an Adaptogenic Extract on Electrical Activity of Brain in Elderly Subjects With Cognitive Impairment: a Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled, Two Arms Cross-over Study. [NCT03780621]	Phase 1	16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-04-01	Completed
A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study to Assess the Effect of 336 Days Exposure of Paractin® on Pain & Disease Progression in Patients Suffering From Osteoarthritis of Knee Joint. [NCT04833946]		111 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-03-13	Recruiting
Randomized, Comparative, Double Blind Controlled Phase II Clinical Trial, to Evaluate the Efficacy of ApE in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis (MS). [NCT02280876]	Phase 1/Phase 2	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Combined With Andrographolide Sulfonate on the Basis of Conventional Therapy in Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis: a Randomized, Single Blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Study [NCT03132610]	Phase 4	240 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-12-01	Recruiting
Combined With Andrographolide Sulfonate on the Basis of Conventional Therapy in the Treatment of Acute Tonsillitis: a Randomized, Single Blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Study [NCT03134443]	Phase 4	144 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-12-01	Recruiting
Controlled, Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial, 24 Months Duration, to Compare the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Andrographolide Versus Placebo in Patients With Progressive Forms of Multiple Sclerosis [NCT02273635]	Phase 1/Phase 2	68 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Recruiting
A Two-stage Adaptive Randomized Controlled Trial of Andrographis Paniculata Extract, Boesenbergia Rotunda Extract, and Standard Treatment in Asymptomatic COVID-19 Patients [NCT05019326]	Phase 3	3,060 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-08-30	Recruiting
Andrographolides With or Without Capecitabine for Elderly Patients With Locally Advanced or Recurrent or Metastasis Inoperable Colorectal Cancer: a Randomized, Open-label Trial. [NCT01993472]	Phase 2	308 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Terminated(stopped due to low accrual rate)
A Phase 1, Open Label, Randomized, Three-Period, Crossover, Single Dose Oral Administration Of Andrographis Paniculata And Metformin Clinical Trial In Healthy Volunteers Under Fasting Condition [NCT04161404]	Phase 1	18 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-08-21	Recruiting
The Effect of Andrographis Paniculata to GLP-1, Fasting Insulin, Insulin 2-h Post OGTT, and HOMA-IR in Normal and Prediabetes Subject [NCT03455049]		73 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-17	Completed
The Effect of Andrographis Paniculata (AP) on Palliative Management of Advanced Esophageal Cancer [NCT04196075]	Phase 3	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-01	Completed
Real World, Open Label Prospective Experience of Supplementation With a Fixed Combination of Magnesium, Vitamin B2, Feverfew, Andrographis Paniculata and Coenzyme Q10 for Episodic Migraine Prophylaxis [NCT04463875]		113 participants (Actual)	Observational	2018-04-01	Completed
The Efficacy and Safety of Andrographolide Sulfonate in the Treatment of Acute Bronchitis: a Randomized,Double-blind,Placebo Parallel Controlled,Multicenter Study [NCT03132623]	Phase 4	144 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-12-01	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	3.31	1	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	2.41	2	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
carbamates [no description available]	2.41	1	0	amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	3.73	3	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	2.47	2	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	2.17	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
phloroglucinol Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.	2.03	1	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	algal metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.6	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
4-aminophenol 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.	2.07	1	0	aminophenol	allergen; metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.36	6	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	7.52	2	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	2.07	1	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	3.34	6	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	3.23	5	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
melatonin [no description available]	4.37	5	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.6	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.4	2	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
phthalic acid phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.	2.41	1	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	3.62	8	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.06	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	2.31	1	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	8.85	2	1	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
epibatidine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkaloid
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.85	3	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.	2.66	2	0	methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine	neurotoxin
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	2.05	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	2.93	4	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	2.21	1	0	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
theophylline [no description available]	7.47	2	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amodiaquine Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.	3.31	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; phenols; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
aristolochic acid i aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.	2.07	1	0	aristolochic acids; aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; cyclic acetal; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mutagen; nephrotoxin; toxin
berberine [no description available]	7.11	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
5-methoxypsoralen 5-Methoxypsoralen: A linear furanocoumarin that has phototoxic and anti-inflammatory properties, with effects similar to METHOXSALEN. It is used in PUVA THERAPY for the treatment of PSORIASIS.. 5-methoxypsoralen : A 5-methoxyfurocoumarin that is psoralen substituted by a methoxy group at position 5.	2.07	1	0	5-methoxyfurocoumarin; organic heterotricyclic compound; psoralens	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
beta-naphthoflavone beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308). beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone.	7.98	4	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	7.21	1	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	2.05	1	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.	2.1	1	0	indoles	fluorochrome
2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decyl-1,4-benzoquinone 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decyl-1,4-benzoquinone: ubiquinol analog. 6-decylubiquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,3-dimethoxybenzoquinone which has been substituted at positions 5 and 6 by decyl and methyl groups.	2.07	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor
dibutyl phthalate Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.	2.41	1	0	diester; phthalate ester	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; metabolite; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
dichlorvos Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	2	1	0	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organophosphate insecticide	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
3,3'-diindolylmethane 3,3'-diindolylmethane: anti-inflammatory from edible cruciferous vegetables; a cytochrome P-450 antagonist	2.07	1	0	indoles	antineoplastic agent; P450 inhibitor
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	2.06	1	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
ellipticine ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.	3.23	5	0	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polycyclic heteroarene	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
embelin embelin: from Embelia fruit (Myrsinaceae). embelin : A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.	2.07	1	0	dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	2.07	1	0	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	7.41	1	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
fenoprofen Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.	2.11	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	3.53	7	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	3.31	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
gemfibrozil [no description available]	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether	antilipemic drug
glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.41	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	8.66	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	2.07	1	0
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	7.41	1	0	methoxybenzenes
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	3.31	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
hypericin [no description available]	2.07	1	0
indole-3-carbinol indole-3-carbinol: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables. indole-3-methanol : An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity.	2.07	1	0	indolyl alcohol	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	7.54	2	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	2.41	1	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	7.31	1	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
staurosporine aglycone staurosporine aglycone: metabolite from culture broth of Nocardiopsis sp.; a neurotrophin antag; inhibits BDNF TrkB receptor	2.21	1	0
nsc 664704 kenpaullone: inhibits CDK1/cyclin B; structure in first source. kenpaullone : An indolobenzazepine that is paullone in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by a bromo substituent. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta).	2.07	1	0	indolobenzazepine; lactam; organobromine compound	cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.	2.31	1	0	amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.	2.07	1	0	furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle	anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
kinetin Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.	2.07	1	0	6-aminopurines; furans	cytokinin; geroprotector
beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.	2.07	1	0	benzochromenone; orthoquinones	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
lavendustin a lavendustin A: from Streptomyces griseolavendus; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	aromatic amine
lavendustin b [no description available]	2.07	1	0
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	2.97	4	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	2	1	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.07	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; psoralens	antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	2.6	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
myristicin myristicin: asaricin is an isomer; structure; a methylene dioxy version of elemicin;	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	7.15	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
nalidixic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
niclosamide Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.	3.31	1	0	benzamides; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; salicylanilides; secondary carboxamide	anthelminthic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; molluscicide; piscicide; STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	2.07	1	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
6,7-dimethoxy-3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-7,8-dihydro-5H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-5-yl)-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one [no description available]	2.07	1	0	isoquinolines
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	2.21	1	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
patulin Patulin: 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems.. patulin : A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic.	2.07	1	0	furopyran; gamma-lactone; lactol	antimicrobial agent; Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	2.74	3	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phloretin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	2.21	1	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.	3.31	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	2.06	1	0	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.66	2	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
salmeterol xinafoate salmeterol : A racemate consisting of equal parts of (R)- and (S)-salmeterol. It is a potent and selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50 = 5.3 nM). Unlike other beta2 agonists, it binds to the exo-site domain of beta2 receptors, producing a slow onset of action and prolonged activation.. 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A phenol having a hydroxymethyl group at C-2 and a 1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl group at C-4; derivative of phenylethanolamine.	3.31	1	0	ether; phenols; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
sanguinarine benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; benzophenanthridine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent
streptonigrin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	pyridines; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	7.55	2	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
temozolomide [no description available]	2.21	1	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
tetrahydropapaverine tetrahydropapaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is norlaudanosoline in which the four phenolic hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline; polyether; secondary amino compound
theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.	2.07	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.	2.6	1	0	imidazoles	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
trifluoperazine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trioxsalen Trioxsalen: Pigmenting photosensitizing agent obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia. It is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with ultraviolet light in the treatment of vitiligo.. lactone : Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.. antipsoriatic : A drug used to treat psoriasis.. trioxsalen : 7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis.	2.07	1	0	psoralens	dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	2.07	1	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
corticosterone [no description available]	2.1	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidone	hyperglycemic agent; metabolite
benzimidazole 1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.	3.41	1	0	benzimidazole; polycyclic heteroarene
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	2.17	1	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	7.06	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
pilocarpine hydrochloride pilocarpine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of (+)-pilocarpine, a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye and dry mouth.	2.07	1	0	hydrochloride
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	2.41	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	3.65	9	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
cantharidin Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.	2.07	1	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; monoterpenoid	EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; herbicide
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	2.49	2	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benz(a)anthracene benz(a)anthracene: 4 fused rings of which one is angular in contrast to the linear NAPHTHACENES. tetraphene : An angular ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings.	2.03	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	2.07	1	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.21	1	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	2.77	3	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	2.08	1	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	2.06	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine monophosphate Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.	2.1	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	2.07	1	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	2.1	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	1.99	1	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	2.11	1	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	2.46	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	7.06	1	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
veratramine veratramine: structure. veratramine : A piperidine alkaloid comprising the 14,15,16,17-tetradehydro derivative of veratraman having two hydroxy groups at the 3- and 23-positions.	2.07	1	0	piperidine alkaloid
phlorhizin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative	antioxidant; plant metabolite
papaverine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	2.17	1	0	lactose
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	2	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	7.49	2	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
yohimbine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	2.07	1	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	2.05	1	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
gliotoxin Gliotoxin: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.. gliotoxin : A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi.	2.07	1	0	dipeptide; organic disulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; pyrazinoindole	antifungal agent; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; proteasome inhibitor
tubercidin Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.	2.07	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
mannitol [no description available]	2.78	3	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
dinitrofluorobenzene Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.	7.13	1	0	C-nitro compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; allergen; chromatographic reagent; EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor; protein-sequencing agent; spectrophotometric reagent
veratridine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	steroid	sodium channel modulator
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	2.41	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cordycepin [no description available]	2.08	1	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines	antimetabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
bromoethane bromoethane : A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying a bromo substituent. It is an alkylating agent used as a chemical intermediate in various organic syntheses.	2.1	1	0	bromoalkane; bromohydrocarbon; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; refrigerant; solvent
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.05	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	2.01	1	0	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
acetyl chloride [no description available]	2.01	1	0	acyl chloride
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	2.42	2	0	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	2.07	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
trityl chloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
gibberellic acid gibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure. gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.	2.07	1	0	C19-gibberellin; gibberellin monocarboxylic acid; lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	2.31	1	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
acrylamide [no description available]	2.06	1	0	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
visnagin visnagin: from Musineon divaricatum. visnagin : A furanochromone that is furo[3,2-g]chromen-5-one which is substituted at positions 4 and 7 by methoxy and methyl groups, respectively. Found in the toothpick-plant, Ammi visnaga.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; furanochromone; polyketide	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; EC 1.1.1.37 (malate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; phytotoxin; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	2.49	2	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
skimmianine skimmianine: furanoquinoline alkaloid from Teclea (RUTACEAE)	2.07	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
syrosingopine syrosingopine: was heading 1963-94; SYRINGOPINE was see SYROSINGOPINE 1977-94; use RESERPINE to search SYROSINGOPINE 1966-94	2.07	1	0	yohimban alkaloid
pyocyanine Pyocyanine: Antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. pyocyanine : An iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group. An antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	2.96	4	0	iminium betaine; phenazines	antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite; biological pigment; virulence factor
gramine gramine : An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3.	2.07	1	0	aminoalkylindole; indole alkaloid; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
decalin decalin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; don't confuse with decaline which has a nitrogen at the juncture of the two rings;. trans-decalin : The trans-stereoisomer of decalin.. decalin : An ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon that is the decahydro- derivative of naphthalene.	7.25	1	0	ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon	solvent
2-methyltetrahydrofuran 2-methyltetrahydrofuran: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.77	3	0	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
vinyl acetate [no description available]	2.08	1	0	acetate ester
acetic anhydride acetic anhydride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. acetic anhydride : An acyclic carboxylic anhydride derived from acetic acid.	2.03	1	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride	metabolite; reagent
succinic anhydride [no description available]	2	1	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; tetrahydrofurandione
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	3.96	4	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
isopropyl myristate isopropyl myristate: used for microemulsions; structure	2.07	1	0	fatty acid ester
diethylene glycol glycol ether : A hydroxyether which contains both an ether and alcohol functional groups. It is one of the most versatile classes of organic solvents which are commonly used in paints, cleaners, adhesives, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.	7.41	1	0	hydroxyether
methylergonovine Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.07	1	0	ergoline alkaloid
propylene propylene: structure	2.6	1	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	refrigerant; xenobiotic
2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) [no description available]	2.07	1	0	diarylmethane
dibenzoylmethane dibenzoylmethane : A beta-diketone that is acetylacetone (acac) in which both methyl groups have been replaced by phenyl groups. It is a minor constituent of the root extract of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and exhibits antimutagenic and anticancer effects.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone	antimutagen; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.	2.77	3	0	anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone	antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector
indolebutyric acid indolebutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. indole-3-butyric acid : A indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is butanoic acid carrying a 1H-indol-3-yl substituent at position 1.	2.07	1	0	indol-3-yl carboxylic acid	auxin; plant hormone; plant metabolite
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	3.35	7	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
shikimic acid Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.	2.07	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	1.99	1	0	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.	2.1	1	0	hydrochloride; organoammonium salt	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	3.51	1	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	3.08	4	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
thiazoles [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	3.04	1	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.	2.08	1	0	organic cation
monocrotaline Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.	2.85	3	0	pyrrolizidine alkaloid
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.	7.08	1	0	mixture	bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug
jervine jervine: teratogen from Veratrum grandiflorum; RN given refers to parent cpd(3beta,23beta)-isomer; structure	2.07	1	0	piperidines
propiolic acid propiolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. propynoic acid : A terminal acetylenic compound that is a 3-carbon, straight-chain, monounsaturated fatty acid having one acetylenic bond.	2.31	1	0	acetylenic fatty acid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; monounsaturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenobiotic metabolite
glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	immunomodulator; plant metabolite
boldine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aporphine alkaloid
indirubin [no description available]	2.07	1	0
plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.	2.07	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols	anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite
cepharanthine cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.	2.07	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.	2.07	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
kokusaginine kokusaginine: antimalarial alkaloid from Teclea afzelii; structure in first source	2.31	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
osthol osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; coumarins	metabolite
cytisine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkaloid; bridged compound; lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; phytotoxin; plant metabolite
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.	2.07	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	2.07	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
thymoquinone thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.	2.07	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	adjuvant; anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylethanol 4-hydroxyphenylethanol: in chest gland secretion of galagos. 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol : A phenol substituted at position 4 by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	2.11	1	0	phenols	anti-arrhythmia drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; protective agent
oleanolic acid [no description available]	7.57	2	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	2.07	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.07	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	2.57	2	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	3.47	7	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.83	3	0	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	2.08	1	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
1-naphthylisothiocyanate 1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.	2.57	2	0	isothiocyanate	insecticide
carbon tetrabromide tetrabromomethane : A one-carbon compound substituted by 4 bromo groups.	2.1	1	0	bromomethanes
toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate: Skin irritant and allergen used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and other elastomers.. toluene 2,4-diisocyanate : A toluene meta-diisocyanate in which the isocyanato groups are at positions 2 and 4 relative to the methyl group on the benzene ring.	2.17	1	0	toluene meta-diisocyanate	allergen; hapten
galactitol [no description available]	2.08	1	0	hexitol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.55	2	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
Berberine chloride (TN) [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2.46	2	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.08	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-dimethylaminopyridine 4-dimethylaminopyridine: catalyst for acetylation of hydroxy cpds; structure	2.01	1	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	2.08	1	0
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.17	1	0	alkali metal hydroxide
arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.	7.6	1	0
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	8.89	3	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	3.37	6	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
vincamine Vincamine: A major alkaloid of Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae. It has been used therapeutically as a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent, particularly in cerebrovascular disorders.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid ester; hemiaminal; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; vinca alkaloid	antihypertensive agent; metabolite; vasodilator agent
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	7.31	1	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
2-tert-butylhydroquinone 2-tert-butylhydroquinone: an anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive agent. 2-tert-butylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group.	2.1	1	0	hydroquinones	food antioxidant
muscarine [no description available]	2.07	1	0
2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate: reducing agent; structure given in first source	2.41	1	0
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	2.05	1	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
ecdysone [no description available]	2.07	1	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; 6-oxo steroid; ecdysteroid	prohormone
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	2.06	1	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
limonene Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.	7.31	1	0	cycloalkene; p-menthadiene	human metabolite
n-deacetyl-n-formylcolchicine N-deacetyl-N-formylcolchicine: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	cyclic ketone
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	2.84	3	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	2.11	1	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	2.42	2	0	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.47	2	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
sodium sulfate [no description available]	2.89	3	0	inorganic sodium salt
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	2.1	1	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	3.91	4	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
2-bromoergocryptine mesylate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	antiparkinson drug
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	3.31	1	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
zingerone zingerone: pungent principle of ginger; structure. zingerone : A methyl ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by methoxy and hydroxy groups respectively. The major pungent component in ginger.	2.07	1	0	methyl ketone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; antiemetic; antioxidant; flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	3.15	5	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
pyrrolidine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	azacycloalkane; pyrrolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.13	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.25	1	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	2.41	1	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	7.8	3	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	2.77	3	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.	2.07	1	0	butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cephradine Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.	2.07	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.	2.02	1	0	pyridinium ion	apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
quisqualic acid Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.	2.07	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor
mefloquine (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.	3.31	1	0	[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol	antimalarial
acarbose [no description available]	3.51	1	0	tetrasaccharide derivative	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	2.21	1	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
doxofylline doxofylline : An oxopurine that is a derivative of xanthine, methylated at N-1 and N-3 and carrying a 1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl group at N-7, used in the treatment of asthma.	7.08	1	0	oxopurine	anti-asthmatic drug; antitussive; bronchodilator agent
swainsonine Swainsonine: An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine also exhibits antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity.. swainsonine : An indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8.	2.07	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.114 (mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; plant metabolite
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	7.11	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
castanospermine castanospermine: indolizidine alkaloid from seeds of Australian legume, Castanospermum australe. castanospermine : A tetrahydroxyindolizidine alkaloid that consists of octahydroindolizine having four hydroxy substituents located at positions 1, 6, 7 and 8 (the 1S,6S,7R,8R,8aR-diastereomer).	2.07	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	anti-HIV-1 agent; anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.	2.05	1	0	3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.	7.13	1	0	imidazoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	7.08	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
atorvastatin [no description available]	2.79	3	0	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
daunorubicin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0	anthracycline
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.	3.31	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	6.91	33	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
mevastatin mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.	2.07	1	0	2-pyranones; carboxylic ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; Penicillium metabolite
ursolic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
norharman norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd. beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.	2.07	1	0	beta-carbolines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	fungal metabolite; marine metabolite
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.49	2	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
betulinic acid [no description available]	3.62	2	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalin [no description available]	3.64	2	0	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	2.07	1	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.46	2	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
baccatin iii [no description available]	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; benzoate ester; tetracyclic diterpenoid	plant metabolite
triptonide triptonide: extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii; structure given in first source. triptonide : A diterpene triepoxide that is triptobenzene K in which the acylhydroquinone moiety has undergone oxidation to the corresponding triepoxyketone derivative. It has been isolated from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii.	2.25	1	0	butenolide; cyclic ketone; diterpene triepoxide; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent
taleranol taleranol: a metabolite of ZEARALENONE which is a non-steroidal estrogenic lactone used as an anabolic compound in animal feed; a stereoisomer of ZERANOL (alpha-zearalanol)	2.07	1	0	macrolide
narasin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	diterpene glycoside
quassin quassin: article discusses quassinoid principle; structure	2.07	1	0	triterpenoid
tomatidine tomatidine: RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha,22beta,25S)-isomer; structure. tomatidine : A 3beta-hydroxy steroid resulting from the substitution of the 3beta-hydrogen of tomatidane by a hydroxy group.	2.07	1	0	3beta-hydroxy steroid; azaspiro compound; oxaspiro compound
aloxistatin aloxistatin: a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. aloxistatin : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.	2.07	1	0	epoxide; ethyl ester; L-leucine derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticoronaviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor
rutecarpine rutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsules	2.07	1	0	beta-carbolines
bergenin bergenin: RN refers to (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,4aalpha,10bbeta))-isomer; structure	2.07	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	metabolite
benzeneboronic acid [no description available]	2.15	1	0	boronic acids
pinocembrin pinocembrin : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea.	2.07	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; dihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; vasodilator agent
maculine maculine: isolated from Esenbeckia grandiflora; structure in first source	2.31	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
alpha-methylene gamma-butyrolactone alpha-methylene gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide having a methylene group at the 3-position.	2.07	1	0	butan-4-olide	anti-ulcer drug; gastrointestinal drug
artemether Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	7.31	1	0	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; organic peroxide; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial
isoscopoletin isoscopoletin : A hydroxycoumarin that is esculetin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It is the major primary metabolite of scoparone.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; hydroxycoumarin	plant metabolite
vinburnine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkaloid
tocophersolan tocophersolan: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.52	2	0	tocol
epicatechin (-)-epicatechin : A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.07	1	0	catechin; polyphenol	antioxidant
hesperetin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
magnolol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	biphenyls
honokiol [no description available]	3.62	2	0	biphenyls
sesamin (+)-sesamin : A lignan that consists of tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by 1,3-benzodioxole groups at positions 1 and 4 (the 1S,3aR,4S,6aR stereoisomer). Isolated from Cinnamomum camphora, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.	2.25	1	0	benzodioxoles; furofuran; lignan	antineoplastic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
chelerythrine chloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
betulin betulin: isolated from various white birch bark (BETULA). betulin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents.	2.07	1	0	diol; pentacyclic triterpenoid	analgesic; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; metabolite
tetrahydroalstonine tetrahydroalstonine : A heteropentacyclic compound that is (20alpha)-16,17-didehydro-18-oxayohimban which is substituted at position 16 by a methoxycarbonyl group and at position 19 by a methyl group. It is a metabolite found in several plant species.	2.07	1	0	methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; yohimban alkaloid	plant metabolite
hernandezine hernandezine: from Thalictrum glandulosissimum; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (1beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 3/91	2.07	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
lycorine lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.	3.31	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
picropodophyllin picropodophyllin: isolated from American May apple (Podophyllum); inhibits IGF-I autophosphorylation without interfering with tyrosine kinase activity. picropodophyllotoxin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that has a furonaphthodioxole skeleton bearing 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl and hydroxy substituents.	2.07	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
nagilactone c nagilactone C: norditerpene lactone isolated from leaves of Podocarpus; structure	2.25	1	0
pacein PAcein: structure. pacein : A member of the class of benzofurans that is dibenzo[b,d]furan-3,7-dione bearing two methyl substituents at positions 1 and 9 as well as two 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylanilino substituents at positions 2 and 8.. orcein : A variable mixture of several compounds isolated from lichens, the eight most abundant being alpha-aminoorcein, alpha-hydroxyorcein, beta-aminoorcein, gamma-aminoorcein, beta-hydroxyorcein, gamma-hydroxyorcein, beta-aminoorceimine and beta-aminoorceimine (all are phenoxazine-based). It is used for the demonstration of elastic fibres as well as to stain the rough endoplasmic reticulum of hepatitis B infected liver cells.	3.31	1	0
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	3.64	2	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
dehydrocostus lactone dehydrocostus lactone : An organic heterotricyclic compound and guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone that is acrylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a 4-hydroxy-3,8-bis(methylene)decahydoazulen-5-yl group and in which the hydroxy group and the carboxy group have undergone formal condensation to afford the corresponding gamma-lactone.	2.48	2	0	gamma-lactone; guaiane sesquiterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	antimycobacterial drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; metabolite; trypanocidal drug
madecassic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tetrol	antioxidant; plant metabolite
brusatol brusatol: quassinoid from B. javanica; structure	2.72	2	0	triterpenoid
panaxadiol panaxadiol: a protopanaxadiol with the side chain cyclized into a pyran which is an artifact of acidic hydrolysis; RN refers to (3 beta,12 beta,20R)-isomer	2.07	1	0	triterpenoid saponin
tryptanthrine tryptanthrine: minor constituent of traditional Chinese medicine qing dai	2.07	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
homoeriodictyol homoeriodictyol: structure in first source. homoeriodictyol : A trihydroxyflavanone that consists of 3'-methoxyflavanone in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4', 5, and 7.	2.07	1	0	3'-methoxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone	flavouring agent; metabolite
4-hydroxyindole hydroxyindoles : Any member of the class of indoles carrying at least one hydroxy group.	2.07	1	0	hydroxyindoles; phenols
rosiglitazone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
eriocitrin eriocitrin: structure in first source. eriocitrin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of eriodictyol substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.07	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; rutinoside; trihydroxyflavanone	antioxidant
7,8-dihydromethysticin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	2-pyranones; aromatic ether
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	2.75	3	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
cinchonine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol; cinchona alkaloid	metabolite
aucubin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
lupinine lupinine: RN given refers to parent cpd(1R-trans)-isomer; structure	2.07	1	0	quinolizidine alkaloid
matrine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkaloid
friedelin 3-friedelanone: from the stem bark of Irvingia gabonensis; structure in first source. friedelin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is perhydropicene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by methyl groups at the 4, 4a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 12b, and 14a-positions (the 4R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,12bS,14aS,14bS-enantiomer). It is the major triterpenoid constituent of cork.	2.07	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; plant metabolite
catalpol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
quinine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
sarsasapogenin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	sapogenin
aluminum maltolate aluminum maltolate: aluminum cpd, not an aluminum salt	2.6	1	0
corynanthine Corynanthine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine.	2.07	1	0	yohimban alkaloid
prunin protein, prunus prunin protein, Prunus: a legumin-like type of globulin; structure given in first source. naringenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.07	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	antibacterial agent; antilipemic drug; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite
podocarpic acid podocarpic acid: structure. podocarpic acid : An abietane diterpenoid lacking the isopropyl substituent with an aromatic C-ring and a hydroxy group at the 12-position.	2.07	1	0	abietane diterpenoid
harmol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
5-Methoxyflavone 5-methoxyflavone: DNA polymerase-beta inhibitor and neuroprotective agent against beta-amyloid toxicity; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	ether; flavonoids
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.44	2	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
canthin-6-one canthin-6-one: from Zanthoxylum usambarense; structure in first source. canthin-6-one : An indole alkaloid that is 6H-indolo[3,2,1-de][1,5]naphthyridine substituted by an oxo group at position 6.	2.41	1	0	enone; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimycobacterial drug; metabolite
10-hydroxycamptothecin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
nimbolide nimbolide: isolated from Nigerian medicinal plant Azadirachta indica; RN given refers to 4alpha,5alpha,6alpha,7alpha,15beta,17alpha-isomer; structure given in first source	7.11	1	0
corydaline [no description available]	2.07	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
demissidine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkaloid; organic heteropolycyclic compound; steroid
cinchonidine cinchonidine: has antimalarial activity; diastereoisomer of cinchonine with distinct physiochemical properties; RN given refers to parent cpd(8alpha,9R)-isomer. cinchonidine : 8-epi-Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (R configuration). A diasteroisomer of cinchonine, it occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis.	2.07	1	0	(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol; cinchona alkaloid	metabolite
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	2.15	1	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.	2.41	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	2.21	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
propidium iodide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic iodide salt
artesunic acid [no description available]	2.31	1	0
eudragit-e Eudragit-E: a cationic polymer, used as a embolic material for arteriovenous malformations and as a taste masker	2.06	1	0
dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol [no description available]	2.25	1	0
tryptoline tryptoline: neurotoxic factor that may be involved in development of Parkinson's disease; enzymatic prep from human brain converts tryptamine to tryptoline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.07	1	0	beta-carbolines
geniposide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	terpene glycoside
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	2.31	1	0	proanthocyanidin
deguelin deguelin: a natural product from Mundulea sericea; RN refers to (7aS-cis)-isomer; structure given in first source. deguelin : A rotenone that is 13,13a-dihydro-3H-chromeno[3,4-b]pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-7(7aH)-one substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10, and by two methyl groups at position 3 (the 7aS,13aS-stereoisomer). It exists in abundant quantities in the bark, roots, and leaves of the Leguminosae family of plants and reported to exert anti-tumour effects in various cancers.	7.49	2	0	aromatic ether; diether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; plant metabolite
catechin (+)-catechin monohydrate : The monohydrate of (+)-catechin.	2.07	1	0	hydrate	geroprotector
daidzin daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
triptolide [no description available]	2.25	1	0	diterpenoid; epoxide; gamma-lactam; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	antispermatogenic agent; plant metabolite
cafestol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	diterpenoid; furans; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alcohol; tertiary alcohol	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
asiaticoside [no description available]	7.52	2	0
parthenolide [no description available]	8.01	4	0	germacranolide
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	4.64	4	0	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
homoorientin homoorientin: isolated from Swertia japonica; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	flavone C-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; radical scavenger
tanshinone tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent	7.81	3	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
amarogentin amarogentin: secoiridoid glycoside. amarogentin : A secoiridoid glycoside that consists of (4aS,5R,6R)-5-ethenyl-6-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one having a 2-O-[(3,3',5-trihydroxybiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl group attached at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.53	2	0	monosaccharide derivative; secoiridoid glycoside	EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; metabolite
asiatic acid [no description available]	7.57	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; triol	angiogenesis modulating agent; metabolite
obacunone obacunone: from bark of Chinese plant Phellodendron amurense; shortens sleeping time induced in mice by alpha-chloralose-urethane	2.25	1	0	limonoid
angustmycin a angustmycin A: structure; from Streptomyces hygroscopicus; inhibits GMP synthesis	2.07	1	0	6-aminopurines
razadyne Razadyne: Name of the FDA approved preparation from J&J.	2.07	1	0
phytosphingosine phytosphingosine: differ with an additional hydroxyl at C-4 & no double bond between C-4 & C-5	2.07	1	0	amino alcohol; sphingoid; triol	mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
celastrol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite
4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin: structure in first source. 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is the 9- epimer of 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin.	2.07	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound; phenols	antineoplastic agent
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	2.21	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
mk 0663 [no description available]	2.13	1	0	bipyridines; organochlorine compound; sulfone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gefitinib [no description available]	2.15	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n-(n-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine: inhibits calcium-activated neutral protease; see also record for E-64; RN given refers to (2-S-(2alpha,3beta)(R*)-isomer)	2.07	1	0	leucine derivative
angiotensin ii, des-phe(8)- Ile(5)-angiotensin II (1-7) : An angiotensin compound consisting of the linear heptapeptide sequence L-Asp-L-Arg-L-Val-L-Tyr-L-Ile-L-His-L-Pro.	2.41	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin	vasodilator agent
e 64 E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)	2.07	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoamide; epoxy monocarboxylic acid; guanidines; L-leucine derivative; zwitterion	antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; protease inhibitor
glabridin [no description available]	8.64	1	1	hydroxyisoflavans	antiplasmodial drug
methotrexate [no description available]	7.61	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
chlorolissoclimide chlorolissoclimide: structure given in first source; a labdane cytotoxin isolated from Lissoclinum voeltzkowi Michaelson	2.25	1	0
aspartame [no description available]	2.41	1	0	carboxylic acid; dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; methyl ester	apoptosis inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; micronutrient; nutraceutical; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
sinensetin sinensetin: isolated from citrus fruit; exhibit antiadhesive action on platelets. sinensetin : A pentamethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.07	1	0	pentamethoxyflavone	plant metabolite
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.41	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
harmalol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
lonafarnib lonafarnib: inhibitor of farnesyl protein transferase. lonafarnib : A 4-{2-[4-(3,10-dibromo-8-chloro-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}piperidine-1-carboxamide that has R configuration. It is used as oral farnesyltransferase inhibitor.	3.41	1	0	4-{2-[4-(3,10-dibromo-8-chloro-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}piperidine-1-carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).	3.31	1	0	azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite
hyoscyamine Hyoscyamine: The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.. (S)-atropine : An atropine with a 2S-configuration.	2.07	1	0	tropane alkaloid
schizandrin a schizandrin A: the major lignan, 2-9%, of Schisandra plant; has hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antineoplastic activities	3.62	2	0
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	7.15	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	7.07	1	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
schizandrin b (+)-schisandrin B : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is found in Fructus Schisandrae and Schisandra chinensis.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclic acetal; organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; tannin	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
tipifarnib [no description available]	3.41	1	0	imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound; quinolone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
bruceine a bruceine A: quassinoid which inhibits protein synthesis & DNA synthesis in cells; RN given refers to (11 beta,12 alpha,15 beta)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.72	2	0	quassinoid
cryptotanshinone cryptotanshinone: from Salvia miltiorrhiza	2.07	1	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
isosakuranetin isosakuranetin: structure in first source. 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone : A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4' (the 2S stereoisomer).	2.07	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; monomethoxyflavanone	plant metabolite
bruceine b bruceine B: quassinoid which inhibits protein synthesis & DNA synthesis in cells; structure in first source	2.25	1	0	triterpenoid
jolkinolide a jolkinolide A: isolated from Euphorbia fischeriana	2.25	1	0	diterpene lactone	metabolite
jolkinolide b jolkinolide B: isolated from Euphorbia fischeriana	2.25	1	0	diterpene lactone	metabolite
isovitexin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
sclareol sclareol: structure given in first source. sclareol : A labdane diterpenoid that is labd-14-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 8 and 13. It has been isolated from Salvia sclarea.	2.07	1	0	labdane diterpenoid	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; apoptosis inducer; fragrance; plant metabolite
tanshinone ii a tashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	abietane diterpenoid
leucodin leucodin: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	sesquiterpene lactone
boswellic acid boswellic acid: ursane type; RN given refers to (3alpha,4beta)-isomer; active principle of salai guggal; see also record for salai guggal	7.13	1	0	triterpenoid
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	7.6	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
sb 203580 [no description available]	2.02	1	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
erlotinib [no description available]	3.68	2	0	aromatic ether; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; protein kinase inhibitor
agn 193109 AGN 193109: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
limonin [no description available]	2.53	2	0	epoxide; furans; hexacyclic triterpenoid; lactone; limonoid; organic heterohexacyclic compound	inhibitor; metabolite; volatile oil component
kutkoside kutkoside: structure in first source	3.14	1	0
maduramicin maduramicin: isolated from Actinomadura rubra	2.07	1	0
chelidonine chelidonine: benzophenanthridine derived from scoulerine from Chelidonium majus; RN given refers to parent cpd (chelidonine, (5bR-(5balpha,6beta,12alpha))-isomer)	2.07	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; alkaloid fundamental parent; benzophenanthridine alkaloid
troleandomycin Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyketide; semisynthetic derivative	EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic
sorafenib [no description available]	3.41	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
l 778,123 L-778,123 (free base) : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted by (4-cyanophenyl)methyl and [4-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-oxopiperazin-1-yl]methyl groups at positions 1 and 5, respectively. It is a dual inhibitor of FPTase and GGPTase-I.	3.41	1	0	imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; piperazinone; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.59 (protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I) inhibitor
santonin Santonin: Anthelmintic isolated from the dried unexpanded flower heads of Artemisia maritima and other species of Artemisia found principally in Russian and Chinese Turkestan and the Southern Ural region. (From Merck, 11th ed.)	2.07	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; santonin	plant metabolite
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	2.07	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.06	1	0	2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
vincristine sulfate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic sulfate salt	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector
anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.	2.07	1	0	monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	2.41	1	0
lupeol [no description available]	3.31	1	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite
acetylstrophanthidin acetylstrophanthidin: structure. acetylstrophanthidin : An acetate ester that is strophanidin acetylated at the 3beta-hydroxy group.	2.07	1	0	acetate ester	anti-arrhythmia drug
Harringtonine harringtonin: alkaloid C from Caphalotaxus fortunei	2.07	1	0	alkaloid
tripdiolide tripdiolide: structure	2.25	1	0	oxacycle
acivicin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	antileishmanial agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; glutamine antagonist; metabolite
ketopinic acid ketopinic acid: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
wortmannin [no description available]	2.44	2	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
2-oxindole 2-oxindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. indolin-2-one : An indolinone carrying an oxo group at position 2.	2.08	1	0	gamma-lactam; indolinone
gitoxigenin gitoxigenin: structure	2.07	1	0	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 16beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid
graveoline graveoline: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	quinolines
4-oxy-6-(4-oxybezoyloxy)dauc-8,9-en 4-oxy-6-(4-oxybezoyloxy)dauc-8,9-en: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,3abeta,4beta,8aalpha))-isomer; a natural benzyl ester of a carotyl type azulene sesquiterpenoid; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
phyllanthin [no description available]	3.14	1	0	lignan
bortezomib [no description available]	7.11	1	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
carboplatin [no description available]	7.21	1	0
eurycomanone eurycomanone: from Eurycoma longifolia; structure in first source. eurycomanone : A quassinoid isolated from Eurycoma longifolia and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic and antimalarial activties.	7.31	1	0
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.	2.49	2	0	3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	3.62	2	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	2.07	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
puromycin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.79	3	0	taxifolin	metabolite
mimosine L-mimosine : An L-alpha-amino acid that is propionic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a 3-hydroxy-4-oxopyridin-1(4H)-yl group at position 3 (the 2S-stereoisomer). It a non-protein plant amino acid isolated from Mimosa pudica.	2.07	1	0	4-pyridones; amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
eriodictyol eriodictyol: structure. eriodictyol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.07	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone
arbutin hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.07	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	2.07	1	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
conessine conessine : A steroid alkaloid that is con-5-enine substituted by a N,N-dimethylamino group at position 3. It has been isolated from the plant species of the family Apocynaceae.	2.07	1	0	steroid alkaloid; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; H3-receptor antagonist; plant metabolite
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	2.07	1	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	2.07	1	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
hyperforin hyperforin: a prenylated acylphloroglucinol derivative; antibiotic component of novoimanine; psychoactive agent in St. John's wort; Russian; structure;. hyperforin : A cyclic terpene ketone that is a prenylated carbobicyclic acylphloroglucinol derivative produced by St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum.	2.07	1	0
deltaline [no description available]	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic acetal; diterpene alkaloid; organic polycyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
columbin columbin: from Tinospora Cordifolia Miers & Calumbae Radix (the root of Jateorhiza columba MIERS, Menispermacea) ; structure given in first source	7.6	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organooxygen compound
ingenol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid
micheliolide micheliolide: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	sesquiterpene lactone
picrotin picrotin: the less toxic component of PICROTOXIN lacking GABA activity. picrotin : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is picrotoxinin in which the olefinic double bond has undergone addition of water to give the corresponding tertiary alcohol. It is the less toxic component of picrotoxin, lacking GABA activity.	2.07	1	0	diol; epoxide; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	plant metabolite
picrotoxinin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	epoxide; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	GABA antagonist; plant metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
naringin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
isonaringin isonaringin: structure in first source. narirutin : A disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.07	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; metabolite
ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.	2.07	1	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
gingerol gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger.	2.07	1	0	beta-hydroxy ketone; guaiacols	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
securinine securinine: a quinolizine pseudoalkaloid (not from amino acid) from Securinega suffurutiosa or Securinini nitras	2.07	1	0	indolizines
Dubinidine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
cyclopamine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	piperidines	glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	4.76	3	0
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	4.42	3	0	tripeptide
1-O-Acetyllycorine 1-acetyllycorine: has antiviral activity; structure in first source	3.31	1	0	alkaloid
doxorubicin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0	anthracycline
vinpocetine vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2.07	1	0	alkaloid	geroprotector
dihydroergocristine monomesylate dihydroergocristine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergocristine. It has been used as the for the symptomatic treatment of mental deterioration associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency and in peripheral vascular disease. It is also a component of ergoloid mesylate (codergocrine mesilate), a mixture of ergot alkaloid derivatives that is used as a vasodilator and has shown mild benefits in the treatment of vascular dementia.	2.07	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.49	2	0	cyclodextrin
acarbose [no description available]	2.03	1	0	amino cyclitol; glycoside
trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES	2.08	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.46	2	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	2	1	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
farnesol Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.11	1	0	farnesol	plant metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	9.11	4	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.6	1	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	2.07	1	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	2.53	2	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	2.07	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	2.08	1	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
bms 214662 7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine: a farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source. BMS-214662 : A member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors.	3.41	1	0	benzenes; benzodiazepine; imidazoles; nitrile; sulfonamide; thiophenes	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.	2.07	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist
L-cycloserine L-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has S configuration. An antibiotic isolated from Erwinia uredovora.	2.07	1	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one	anti-HIV agent; anticonvulsant; EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).	2.78	3	0
12-deoxyphorbol 13-acetate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	phorbol ester	metabolite
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2.07	1	0	actinomycin	mutagen
aphidicolin Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.	2.07	1	0	tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; apoptosis inducer; Aspergillus metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
ic9564 IC9564: betulinic acid derivative; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.1	1	0	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
posaconazole [no description available]	3.31	1	0	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxolanes; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	trypanocidal drug
(+)-usnic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	usnic acid
beta, beta-dimethylacrylshikonin, (+)-isomer [no description available]	2.07	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
shikonin shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities	2.07	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
davanone davanone: antifungal and antispasmodic isolated from natural Davana oil and Artemisia pallens; structure in first source	2.25	1	0	oxolanes
carbenoxolone [no description available]	3.31	1	0
rhapontin rhapontin: constituent of rhubarb rhizome	2.07	1	0	rhaponticin	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
citral citral: Xref geranial: geraniol is also available; Xref neral: nerol is also available; vitamin A antagonist; oxygenated monoterpene; inhibits cytosolic dehydrogenases; structure. citral : An enal that consists of octa-2,6-dienal bearing methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7. A mixture of the two geometric isomers geranial and neral, it is the major constituent (75-85%) of oil of lemon grass, the volatile oil of Cymbopogon citratus, or of C. flexuosus. It also occurs in oils of verbena, lemon, and orange.	4.29	2	0	enal; monoterpenoid; polyprenal	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	7.57	2	0	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	2.79	3	0	stilbene
isoliquiritigenin [no description available]	2.17	1	0	chalcones	antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; GABA modulator; geroprotector; metabolite; NMDA receptor antagonist
rauwolscine Rauwolscine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine.	2.07	1	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate
gw9662 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand binding	2.31	1	0	benzamides
amygdalin (R)-amygdalin : An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration.	2.07	1	0	amygdalin	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
lanatoside c lanatoside C: RN given refers to (3beta,5beta,12beta)-isomer	3.31	1	0
hydrastine, (r-(r,s))-isomer [no description available]	2.07	1	0	isoquinolines
isopropyl thiogalactoside Isopropyl Thiogalactoside: A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.. isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside : An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.	2.31	1	0	S-glycosyl compound
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.52	2	0
vasicine vasicine: RN given refers to (R)-isomer	2.07	1	0
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	3.65	2	0	catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	2.07	1	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
4-methoxycinnamic acid [no description available]	3.51	1	0	cinnamic acids
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	2.07	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
heliotrine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	pyrrolizines
sclareolide [no description available]	2.52	2	0	naphthofuran
tetrahydropalmatine [no description available]	7.06	1	0
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	5.13	7	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
hypocrellin b hypocrellin B: photosensitive pigments isolated from Hypocrella bambusae Sacc; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
urb 597 cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3'-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester: a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.41	1	0	biphenyls
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	2.07	1	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
aurapten aurapten: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source. auraptene : A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a geranyl group. Ii is isolated from several edible fruits and vegetables and exhibits a variety of therapeutic properties.	2.07	1	0	coumarins; monoterpenoid	antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; dopaminergic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; gamma-secretase modulator; gastrointestinal drug; hepatoprotective agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; PPARalpha agonist; vulnerary
oxazolone Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.	7.21	1	0
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.81	3	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	2.08	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	7.1	1	0	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
fumonisin b2 fumonisin B2: produced by Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting ability. fumonisin B2 : A fumonisin that is (2S,3S,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,14,15-triol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 have each been esterified by condensation with the 1-carboxy group of 3-carboxyglutaric acid (giving a 3-carboxyglutarate ester group with R configuration in each case).	2.07	1	0	diester; diol; fumonisin; primary amino compound	Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent
nadp [no description available]	2.13	1	0
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.11	1	0
stattic [no description available]	2.17	1	0	1-benzothiophenes; C-nitro compound; sulfone	antineoplastic agent; radiosensitizing agent; STAT3 inhibitor
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	2.07	1	0	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.	2.07	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
telaprevir [no description available]	2.1	1	0	cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	2.15	1	0	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	2.07	1	0	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
quinine [no description available]	3.31	1	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
12-deoxyphorbolphenylacetate-20-acetate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
brassinin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	dithiocarbamic ester; indole phytoalexin
8-bromoguanosino-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate [no description available]	2.17	1	0
chaetomellic acid a chaetomellic acid A: structure given in first source; an inhibitor of farnesyl-protein transferase	2.07	1	0
hirsutine [no description available]	3.62	2	0
3-deoxyvasicine, hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
emetine dihydrochloride emetine dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of emetine.. emetine dihydrochloride hydrate : A hydrate that is the monohydrate of the dihydrochloride salt of emetine.	2.07	1	0	hydrochloride	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; protein synthesis inhibitor
salinomycin salinomycin: from Streptomyces albus; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.07	1	0	polyketide; spiroketal	animal growth promotant; potassium ionophore
silybin [no description available]	2.07	1	0
phosphothreonine Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.	2.04	1	0	L-threonine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	3.18	5	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2.47	2	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
zinc protoporphyrin ix [no description available]	2.49	2	0
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	2.25	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	3.31	1	0	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
5,6-dehydrokawain 5,6-dehydrokawain: from Alpinia speciosa rhizoma; RN given for cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	2-pyranones; aromatic ether
9,10-dihydrolysergol 9,10-dihydrolysergol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.07	1	0
geranylgeranic acid geranylgeranic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranic acid : A diterpenoid obtained by formal oxidation of the CH2OH group of (E,E,E)-geranylgeraniol to the corresponding carboxylic acid.	2.07	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; diterpenoid; methyl-branched fatty acid; trienoic fatty acid
quercetin [no description available]	4.34	5	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	2.53	2	0	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	3.34	6	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	2.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
biochanin a [no description available]	2.07	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
formononetin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
prostaglandin b1 prostaglandin Bx: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; polymeric derivative of diketo-PGB1; mean MW 2,200. prostaglandin B1 : A member of the class of prostaglandins B that is prosta-8(12),13-dien-1-oic acid carrying oxo and hydroxy substituents at positions 9 and 15 respectively (the 13E,15S-stereoisomer).	2.07	1	0	prostaglandins B	human metabolite
sterigmatocystin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	sterigmatocystins	metabolite
vitexin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
acacetin 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin.	2.07	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	anticonvulsant; plant metabolite
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	2.07	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.6	1	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	2.07	1	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
quercitrin [no description available]	3.62	2	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antileishmanial agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
scopoletin [no description available]	3.65	2	0	hydroxycoumarin	plant growth regulator; plant metabolite
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.	2.06	1	0	epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A	mouse metabolite
hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.	2.07	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
alprostadil [no description available]	2.07	1	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
quercetin 3-o-glucopyranoside quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside: structure in first source. quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells	2.07	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antipruritic drug; bone density conservation agent; geroprotector; histamine antagonist; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	2.07	1	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
senecionine senecionine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. senecionine : A pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant species of the genus Senecio.	2.07	1	0	lactone; pyrrolizidine alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	plant metabolite
genistein [no description available]	3.65	2	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.52	2	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
jasmonic acid jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.	2.58	2	0	oxo monocarboxylic acid	jasmonates; plant metabolite
butein [no description available]	2.07	1	0	chalcones; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; radiosensitizing agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
sulfuretin sulfuretin: the chalcone C ring closes into a 5 instead of the more typical 6 membered ring leaving a phenyl methane at the 2 position instead of the typical phenyl	2.07	1	0	1-benzofurans
bruceantin [no description available]	2.25	1	0	triterpenoid
genistin genistin: glycoside of soy bean isoflavone, gentistein	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside
chartreusin chartreusin: structure	2.07	1	0	benzochromenone; glycoside
costunolide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	germacranolide; heterobicyclic compound	anthelminthic drug; antiinfective agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; antiviral drug; metabolite
caryophyllene (-)-beta-caryophyllene : A beta-caryophyllene in which the stereocentre adjacent to the exocyclic double bond has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration. It is the most commonly occurring form of beta-caryophyllene, occurring in many essential oils, particularly oil of cloves.. beta-caryophyllene : A sesquiterpene with a [7.2.0]-bicyclic structure comprising fused 9- and 4-membered rings, with a trans-ring junction, a trans-double bond between the 4- and 5-positions of the 9-membered ring, a methylidene group at position 9, and methyl groups at positions 3, 11, and 11. The most commonly occurring form is the (1R,9S)-(-)-enantiomer, which is found in many essential oils, particularly clove oil.. cannabinoid : A diverse group of pharmacologically active secondary metabolite characteristic to Cannabis plant as well as produced naturally in the body by humans and animals. Cannabinoids contain oxygen as a part of the heterocyclic ring or in the form of various functional groups. They are subdivided on the basis of their origin.	3.31	1	0	beta-caryophyllene	fragrance; insect attractant; metabolite; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
methysticin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	2-pyranones; aromatic ether
yangonin yangonin: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	2-pyranones; aromatic ether
zearalenone Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.	2.07	1	0	macrolide; resorcinols	fungal metabolite; mycoestrogen
baicalein [no description available]	2.07	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
datiscetin datiscetin : A tetrahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' and 5.	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone
diosmetin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
diosmin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant
fisetin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite
galangin 5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; trihydroxyflavone	antimicrobial agent; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
mangostin mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.	3.31	1	0	aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
3-methylquercetin isorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	anticoagulant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; metabolite
morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
myricetin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
rhamnetin rhamnetin: aglycone of xanthorhamnin; from Rhamnus. rhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position 7.	2.07	1	0	monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; metabolite
robinetin robinetin: structure given in first source. robinetin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, 3, 4' and 5'.	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
tamarixetin tamarixetin: isolated from Costsus spicatus. tamarixetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position O-4'. Isolated from Cyperus teneriffae.	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
wogonin wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.	2.07	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; plant metabolite
coumestrol Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.	2.07	1	0	coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
pterostilbene [no description available]	7.11	1	0	diether; methoxybenzenes; stilbenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; neurotransmitter; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
ethyl 4-methoxycinnamate ethyl 4-methoxycinnamate: an antifungal agent isolated from Curcumba zedoaria	3.51	1	0
caffeic acid phenethyl ester phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.	2.07	1	0	alkyl caffeate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; immunomodulator; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.	2.07	1	0	rosmarinic acid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
wedelolactone wedelolactone: antihepatotoxic coumestan from Eclipta prostrata and Wedelia calendulacea (both Asteraceae); structure given in first source. wedelolactone : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents as positions 1, 8 and 9 and a methoxy substituent at position 3.	2.47	2	0	aromatic ether; coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite
rottlerin rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; chromenol; enone; methyl ketone	anti-allergic agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; K-ATP channel agonist; metabolite
ellagic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
7-hydroxyflavone 7-hydroxyflavone : A hydroxyflavonoid in which the flavone nucleus is substituted at position 7 by a hydroxy group.	2.07	1	0	hydroxyflavonoid
prostaglandin a1 [no description available]	2.07	1	0	prostaglandins A
cerulenin Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.	2.07	1	0	epoxide; monocarboxylic acid amide	antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
rhoifolin rhoifolin: from many plants. apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside : An apigenin derivative having an alpha-(1->2)-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety attached to the 7-hydroxy group.	2.07	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone; neohesperidoside	metabolite
vitexin rhamnoside 2''-O-rhamnopyranosylvitexin: has both analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities; isolated from Alternanthera maritima; structure in first source. vitexin 2''-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside : A derivative of vitexin having an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue attached at the 2''-position of the glucitol moiety.	2.07	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; disaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
domoic acid domoic acid: kainic acid analog, heterocyclic amino acid from seaweed; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. domoic acid : An L-proline derivative that is L-proline substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 3 and a 6-carboxyhepta-2,4-dien-2-yl group at position 4. It is produced by the diatomic algal Pseudo-nitzschia. It is an analogue of kainic acid and a neurotoxin which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP).	2.07	1	0	L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid; tricarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; hapten; marine metabolite; neuromuscular agent; neurotoxin
isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.	2.07	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent
cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	2.07	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide	anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
natamycin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; dicarboxylic acid monoester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyene antibiotic	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; ophthalmology drug
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.53	2	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
brefeldin a [no description available]	3.62	2	0	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	7.17	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
peridinin peridinin: structure	3.31	1	0
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	2.07	1	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
vinorelbine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
biliverdine [no description available]	3.43	2	0
bisdemethoxycurcumin curcumin III: structure in first source. bisdemethoxycurcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by 4-hydroxycinnamoyl groups.	2.07	1	0	beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; metabolite
isorhamnetin 3-o-glucoside isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside: from the flowers of Persea gratissima; structure in first source. isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is isorhamnetin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.	2.07	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	metabolite
licochalcone b licochalcone B: isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata; inhibits phosphorylation of NF-kappaB p65 in LPS signaling pathway; structure in first source	7.31	1	0	chalcones
shihulimonin a shihulimonin A: isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa; structure in first source	2.25	1	0	limonoid
semaxinib semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.	2.31	1	0	olefinic compound; oxindoles; pyrroles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
su 11248 [no description available]	3.31	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
6,7-dihydroxyflavone 6,7-dihydroxyflavone: intensifies effect of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
flavokawain a flavokawain A: from kava extract, induces apoptosis in bladder cancer cells; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	chalcones
flavokawain b flavokawain B: from Piper methysticum Forst (Kava Kava) roots; structure in first source. flavokawain B : A member of the class of chalcones that consists of trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy group at positions 2' and methoxy groups at positions 4' and 6'. Isolated from Piper methysticum and Piper rusbyi, it exhibits antileishmanial, anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities.	2.07	1	0	chalcones; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; antileishmanial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
auriculasin auriculasin: isolated from the fruits of Maclura pomifera; structure in first source	3.41	1	0	isoflavanones
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	2.6	1	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	7.11	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
kavain [no description available]	2.07	1	0	racemate	glycine receptor antagonist
abscisic acid, (+,-)-isomer 2-cis-abscisic acid : A member of the class of abscisic acids in which the double bond betweeen positions 2 and 3 has cis- (natural) geometry.	2.07	1	0	abscisic acids	abscisic acid receptor agonist
beta-carboline-1-propionic acid [no description available]	2.41	1	0	harmala alkaloid
veratrine Veratrine: A voltage-gated sodium channel activator.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid
vinblastine sulfate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
catharanthine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkaloid ester; bridged compound; methyl ester; monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound
cytochalasin e cytochalasin E: structure	2.07	1	0	cytochalasan alkaloid	metabolite
cytochalasin d [no description available]	2.07	1	0
sinomenine sinomenine: isolated from root of Sinomenium acutum; antirheumatic, antineuralgic	2.07	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
ecdysterone Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.	2.07	1	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; ecdysteroid; phytoecdysteroid	animal metabolite; plant metabolite
bleomycin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	bleomycin	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	8.16	5	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
bakuchiol bakuchiol: chief component of Psoralea corylifolia Linn; structure	2.07	1	0
dichapetalin a dichapetalin A: isolated from Dichapetalum; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
s-trans,trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid farnesylthiosalicylic acid: structure in first source	3.41	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
zerumbone zerumbone: RN given for (E,E,E)-isomer; structure in first source. zerumbone : A sesquiterpenoid and cyclic ketone that is (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene which is substituted by an oxo group at the carbon atom attached to two double bonds. It is obtained by steam distillation from a type of edible ginger, Zingiber zerumbet Smith, grown particularly in southeast Asia.	2.07	1	0	cyclic ketone; sesquiterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor; plant metabolite
solanesol solanesol : A nonaprenol that is hexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaen-1-ol substituted by 9 methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31 and 35 (the all-trans0stereoisomer).	2.07	1	0	nonaprenol; primary alcohol	plant metabolite
arglabin arglabin: a sesquiterpene lactone from the Chinese herb Artemisia myriantha; structure given in first source. arglabin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound and guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone that is acrylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a 4-hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-1,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydroazulen-5-yl group in which the double bond in the 7-membered ring has been epoxidised and in which the hydroxy group and the carboxy group have undergone formal condensation to give the corresponding gamma-lactone. It is found in Artemisia glabella. Arglabin-DMA HCl, the hydrochloride salt of the adduct resulting from the conjugate addition of dimethylamine to the ene-lactone moiety, has been successfully used in Khazakhstan for the treatment of breast, colon, ovarian and lung cancers.	2.07	1	0	epoxide; gamma-lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
(1S,15S,17R,18R,19S,20S)-6,18-dimethoxy-17-[oxo-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methoxy]-1,3,11,12,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21-dodecahydroyohimban-19-carboxylic acid methyl ester [no description available]	2.07	1	0	yohimban alkaloid
n-caproylsphingosine N-(hexanoyl)sphing-4-enine : An N-acylsphingosine consisting of sphing-4-enine bearing a hexanoyl group on nitrogen.	2.07	1	0	N-acylsphingosine
ap 10 [no description available]	4.02	13	0	diterpene lactone	metabolite
monorden monorden: inhibits HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins, DNA topoisomerase VI and human Topoisomerase II	2.07	1	0	cyclic ketone; enone; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antifungal agent; metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ginkgolide b [no description available]	2.53	2	0
homatropine hydrobromide, (endo-(+-)-isomer) [no description available]	2.07	1	0
hydrocotarnine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.07	1	0
salsolinol hydrobromide [no description available]	2.07	1	0
lasalocid sodium lasalocid sodium : The sodium salt of lasalocid. It is a veterinary ionophore antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry.	2.07	1	0	benzoates; organic sodium salt	coccidiostat; ionophore
bongkrekic acid Bongkrekic Acid: An antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas cocovenenans. It is an inhibitor of MITOCHONDRIAL ADP, ATP TRANSLOCASES. Specifically, it blocks adenine nucleotide efflux from mitochondria by enhancing membrane binding.. bongkrekic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is docosa-2,4,8,10,14,18,20-heptaenedioic acid substituted at positions 2 ,5 and 17 by methyl groups, at positions 6 by a methoxy group and at position 20 by a carboxymethyl group. It is produced by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli and implicated in outbreaks of food-borne illness involving coconut and corn-based products in Indonesia and China.	2.13	1	0	ether; olefinic compound; tricarboxylic acid	apoptosis inhibitor; ATP/ADP translocase inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; toxin
sclerotiorin sclerotiorin: isolated from monoverticillate Penicillia; RN given for (R-(R,S-(E,E)))-isomer; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	azaphilone
himbacine himbacine: muscarine receptor antagonist; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha,3aalpha,4beta(1E,2(2R,6S)),4abeta,8aalpha,9aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source. himbacine : A piperidine alkaloid that is decahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a 2-[(2R,6S)-1,6-dimethylpiperidin-2-yl]ethenyl group at position 4. It has been isolated from the bark of Australian magnolias.	2.07	1	0	gamma-lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound; piperidine alkaloid	muscarinic antagonist
ebelactone b ebelactone B: esterase inhibitor; structure given in first source; see also ebelactone A	2.07	1	0
3-o-methylbutein 3-O-methylbutein: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	chalcones
manumycin manumycin: an NSAID; RN given for (1S-(1alpha,3(2E,4E,6S*),5alpha,5(1E,3E,5E),6alpha))-isomer; a farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor; from Streptomyces parvulus; MF C31-H38-N2-O7; structure given in first source. manumycin A : A polyketide with formula C31H38N2O7 initially isolated from Streptomyces parvulus as a result of a random screening program for farnesyl transferase (FTase) inhibitors. It is a natural product that exhibits anticancer and antibiotic properties.	3.41	1	0	enamide; epoxide; organic heterobicyclic compound; polyketide; secondary carboxamide; tertiary alcohol	antiatherosclerotic agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; marine metabolite
thermozymocidin thermozymocidin: a serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor; FTY720 is an analog	2.07	1	0	alpha-amino fatty acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sphingoid	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
andrographoside andrographoside: from Andrographis paniculata Nees; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
marein marein: hypoglycemic from Coreopsis tinctoria; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	flavonoids; glycoside
beta-escin [no description available]	2.15	1	0
arteannuin b [no description available]	7.31	1	0
17-hydroxyjolkinolide b 17-hydroxyjolkinolide B: isolated from Euphorbia fischeriana	2.25	1	0	diterpene lactone	metabolite
hydroxyachillin hydroxyachillin: isolated from Tanacetum microphyllum; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	gamma-lactone
butylscopolammonium bromide Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.	2.07	1	0
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.	2.96	1	0	cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	calcium ionophore; metabolite
fumagillin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; carboxylic ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; meroterpenoid; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; spiro-epoxide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; fungal metabolite; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor
artesunate artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether	2.07	1	0	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer
anisodamine [no description available]	2.07	1	0
cyclo(leucyl-prolyl) cyclo(leucyl-prolyl): structure in first source. cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) : A homodetic cyclic peptide composed from leucyl and prolyl residues.	3.31	1	0	dipeptide; homodetic cyclic peptide; pyrrolopyrazine	bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite
bufalin bufalin: cardiotonic; powerful anesthetic & one of the active constituents of the Chinese drug ch'an su(senso); in Japan prepared from skin of Bufo bufo garfarizans; RN given refers to (3beta,5beta)-isomer. bufalin : A 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo.	2.07	1	0	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid	animal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; cardiotonic drug
labdane labdane: from Croton joufra; structure in first source	7.61	2	0	diterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent
alpha-solanine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	glycoalkaloid; organic heterohexacyclic compound; steroid saponin; trisaccharide derivative	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; phytotoxin; plant metabolite
neoandrographolide neoandrographolide: structure in first source; isolated from Andrographis paniculata	6.03	34	0
apigenin-7-o-rutinoside [no description available]	2.07	1	0
gambogic acid gambogic acid: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,1(Z),3abeta,5alpha,11beta,14aS*))-isomer	2.07	1	0	pyranoxanthones	metabolite
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	5.21	10	1	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
9-methoxycanthin-6-one 9-methoxycanthin-6-one: from roots of Eurycoma longifolia (Simaroubaceae). 9-methoxycanthin-6-one : An indole alkaloid that is the 9-methoxy derivative of canthin-6-one. Isolated from Eurycoma longifolia and Simaba multiflora, it exhibits cytotoxic activity towards human cancer cell lines.	2.41	1	0	aromatic ether; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; antiplasmodial drug; metabolite
bn 52020 [no description available]	2.53	2	0
cumambrin b cumambrin B: RN given for (3aR-(3aalpha,4alpha,6alpha,6aalpha,9aalpha,9bbeta))-isomer; isolated from Chrysanthemum boreale; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
osu 03012 OSU 03012: a PDK-1 inhibitor; structure in first source	3.31	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; aromatic amide; glycine derivative; organofluorine compound; phenanthrenes; pyrazoles	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
carmine carminic acid : A tetrahydroxyanthraquinone that is that is 1,3,4,6-tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone substituted by a methyl group at position 8, a carboxy group at position 7 and a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol moiety at position 2 via a C-glycosidic linkage. It is a natural dye isolated from several insects such as Dactylopius coccus.	2.07	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid; tetrahydroxyanthraquinone	animal metabolite; histological dye
9-hydroxycanthin-6-one 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one: from Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Simaroubaceae), induces penile erection and delays ejaculation. 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one : An indole alkaloid that is canthin-6-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 9. Isolated from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.41	1	0
bavachinin bavachinin: do not confuse with bavachin	2.07	1	0	flavanones
dichlorolissoclimide dichlorolissoclimide: structure given in first source; a labdane cytotoxin isolated from Lissoclinum voeltzkowi Michaelson	2.25	1	0
grayanotoxin iii grayanotoxin III: from leaves of Leucothoe grayana (Ericaceae); RN refers to (3beta,6beta,14R)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
nimbidiol nimbidiol: structure in first source	3.51	1	0
Dihydrotanshinone I dihydrotanshinone I: extracted from Radix Salviae	2.07	1	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
14-deoxyandrographolide 14-deoxyandrographolide: from Andrographis paniculata; structure in first source	9.28	17	0
andrograpanin andrograpanin: an NSAID isolated from Andrographis paniculata; structure in first source	2.97	4	0
lactimidomycin lactimidomycin: a glutarimide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces amphibiosporus	3.31	1	0	macrolide
silvestrol silvestrol: isolated from the fruit and twig of Aglaia silvestris. silvestrol : An organic heterotricyclic compound that consists of a 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan framework substituted by hydroxy groups at positions C-1 and C-8b, a methoxycarbonyl group at C-2, a phenyl group at C-3, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at C-3a, a methoxy group at C-8 and a 1,4-dioxan-2-yloxy group at position C-6 which in turn is substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and a 1,2-dihydroxyethyl group at position 6. Isolated from Aglaia silvestris, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.41	1	0	dioxanes; ether; methyl ester; organic heterotricyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	2.77	3	0	benzoxazole
cinobufagin cinobufagin: isolated from Chinese medicinal preparation ch'an su; derived from toad venom	2.07	1	0	steroid lactone
atropine sulfate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
cannogenin thevetoside cannogenin thevetoside: from Thevetia neriifolia; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search CARDENOLIDES (77-84), CARDANOLIDES (75-76); RN given refers to (3beta,5beta)-isomer	2.07	1	0	cardenolide glycoside
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	2.47	2	0
eriodictyol 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside [no description available]	2.07	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; flavanone glycoside; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavanone	plant metabolite; radical scavenger
hypocrellin a hypocrellin A: isolated from fungus Hypocrella bambusae sacc	2.07	1	0
n-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-n-phenylurea [no description available]	2.15	1	0
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	3.16	5	0
sch 54292 SCH 54292: structure in first source	3.41	1	0
beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).	7.04	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	2.41	1	0	glycoside
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	2.57	2	0
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.08	1	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	2.11	1	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
alendronate sodium [no description available]	2.31	1	0
dihydrorobinetin dihydrorobinetin: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
chitosan [no description available]	3.25	5	0
sodium bisulfite sodium bisulfite: has been used externally for parasitic skin diseases and as gastrointestinal antiseptic; structure. sodium hydrogensulfite : An inorganic sodium salt having hydrogensulfite as the counterion.	3.49	7	0	inorganic sodium salt; sulfite salt	allergen; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; mutagen; reducing agent
monensin [no description available]	2.07	1	0
olaparib [no description available]	2.31	1	0	cyclopropanes; monofluorobenzenes; N-acylpiperazine; phthalazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
methyl jasmonate [no description available]	2.83	3	0
arabinogalactan [no description available]	2.46	2	0
oxymatrine oxymatrine: structure in first source; has anti-apoptosis effects	7.41	1	0
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene [no description available]	2.31	1	0	BODIPY compound
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	2.25	1	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.52	2	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.52	2	0
14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide: a diterpenoid from Andrographis paniculata; structure in first source	4.08	14	0
andrographoside [no description available]	2.44	2	0
sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir: A uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C.. sofosbuvir : A nucleotide conjugate that is used in combination with ledipasvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.	3.64	2	0	isopropyl ester; L-alanyl ester; nucleotide conjugate; organofluorine compound; phosphoramidate ester	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; prodrug
14-o-phosphonooxymethyltriptolide 14-O-phosphonooxymethyltriptolide disodium salt: pro-drug of triptolide; has antineoplastic activity	2.25	1	0
eurycomanone [no description available]	2.41	1	0	cyclic ether; delta-lactone; enone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; pentol; quassinoid; secondary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alcohol	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
tatanan a tatanan A: from the rhizomes of Acorus tatarinowii Schott; structure in first source	3.31	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.47	2	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	2.48	2	0
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	2.07	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	7.51	2	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
citrinin Citrinin: Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum.	2.07	1	0
vulpinic acid vulpinic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source; vulpinic acid refers to (E)-isomer	2.07	1	0	butenolide
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.76	3	0
ajmaline [no description available]	2.07	1	0
hypophyllanthin hypophyllanthin: Anti-inflammatory from Phyllanthus amarus	3.14	1	0
ephrin-a5 Ephrin-A5: A GLYCOINOSITOL PHOSPHOLIPID MEMBRANE ANCHOR containing ephrin found in developing tectum. It has been shown to mediate the bundling of cortical axons and repel the axonal growth of retinal ganglia axons. It is found in a variety of adult tissues of BRAIN; HEART; and KIDNEY.	2.41	1	0
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	3.01	4	0
angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.	2.41	1	0	angiotensin; peptide zwitterion	human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent
bacoside a bacoside A: from Bacopa monnieri; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	triterpenoid saponin
oridonin [no description available]	2.17	1	0
s 8932 [no description available]	2.41	1	0	aromatic amine; C-nucleoside; carboxylic ester; nitrile; phosphoramidate ester; pyrrolotriazine	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; prodrug
silybin Silybin: The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers.	2.17	1	0
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	8.64	1	1
dehydroandrographolide [no description available]	6.02	25	1
thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.	2.74	3	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	2.08	1	0
scleroglucan [no description available]	7.15	1	0	oligosaccharide
liriodendrin, 1r-(1alpha,3abeta,4beta,6aalpha)-isomer eleutheroside E: from Eleutherococcus senticosus extract	2.92	1	0
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	7.11	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	7.78	3	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.08	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	2.41	1	0	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.	2.02	1	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.07	1	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2.08	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.	2.46	2	0	citrate salt	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
aprepitant Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.	2.31	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; triazoles	antidepressant; antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; peripheral nervous system drug; substance P receptor antagonist
8-bromocyclic gmp 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.	2.17	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; organobromine compound	muscle relaxant; protein kinase G agonist
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	1.98	1	0
alpha-cyclopiazonic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alpha-cyclopiazonic acids
ARS-1620 ARS-1620: covalent S-IIP G12C inhibitor for targeting of KRAS G12C mutant tumors. ARS-1620 : A qinazoline derivative carrying chloro and fluoro substituents at positions 6 and 8 respectively, a 2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl group at position 7, and a 4-(prop-2-enoyl)piperazin-1-yl group at position 4. A potent, selective, and orally bioavailable covalent KRAS-G12C inhibitor, it inhibits the protein coding gene KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma virus) with high potency in cells and animals.	3.41	1	0	quinazolines	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; inhibitor
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	9.11	3	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	2.41	1	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	0	2.47	2	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	0	3.37	6	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	7.55	70	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	0	3.37	6	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	0	2.07	1	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	0	3	4	0
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	0	3	4	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	6.97	21	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	0	6.97	21	0
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	0	3.26	5	0
Haemophilus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.	0	2.13	1	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	0	4.74	10	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	0	4.74	10	0
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	0	3.26	5	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	3.66	8	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	0	3.66	8	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	0	3.26	5	0
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	0	3.26	5	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	0	5.23	15	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	0	5.23	15	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	0	3.95	3	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	0	8.95	3	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	0	3.05	4	0
Chickungunya Fever [description not available]	0	4.07	4	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	0	5.44	16	0
Catarrh Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous in humans or animals. Catarrh is used mostly in a historical context.	0	6.24	10	1
Common Cold A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.	0	6.24	10	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	6.43	54	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	6.43	54	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	0	2.57	2	0
Enterovirus Infections Diseases caused by ENTEROVIRUS.	0	2.63	2	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	0	4.47	19	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	0	4.47	19	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	0	5.03	4	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	0	5.03	4	0
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	0	2.41	1	0
Sarcopenia Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.	0	2.41	1	0
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling [description not available]	0	2.82	2	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	0	7.61	2	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	0	2.61	2	0
Degenerative Disc Disease [description not available]	0	4.11	4	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	0	3.53	2	0
Orthopedic Disorders [description not available]	0	3.33	1	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	0	3.53	2	0
Musculoskeletal Diseases Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively.	0	3.33	1	0
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates.	0	9.11	4	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	0	7.41	1	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	0	2.41	1	0
Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic.	0	7.41	1	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	0	3.07	3	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	0	3.07	3	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	0	3.33	1	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	0	9.34	6	0
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	0	5.94	2	1
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	0	4.13	4	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	0	3.33	1	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	0	4.34	6	0
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	0	10.94	2	1
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	0	9.13	4	0
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	0	7.41	1	0
Aura [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	0	7.41	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	0	2.41	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	0	3.51	7	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	4.02	12	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	0	3.51	7	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	4.02	12	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	0	3.76	8	0
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	0	8.76	8	0
Break-Bone Fever [description not available]	0	4.64	8	0
Dengue An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.	0	4.64	8	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	0	2.72	2	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	0	7.72	2	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	0	3.64	8	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	0	3.64	8	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	0	3.49	7	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	3.49	7	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	4.13	14	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	0	4.13	14	0
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	0	7.76	2	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	0	2.58	2	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	0	2.58	2	0
Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	0	3.13	4	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	0	3.79	9	0
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	1	5.13	4	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	0	2.52	2	0
Cytokine Release Syndrome A severe immune reaction characterized by excessive release of CYTOKINES. Symptoms include DYSPNEA; FEVER; HEADACHE; HYPOTENSION; NAUSEA; RASH; TACHYCARDIA; HYPOXIA; HYPERFERRITINEMIA, and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE. It is associated with viral infections, SEPSIS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES and a variety of factors used in IMMUNOTHERAPY.	0	2.41	1	0
EBV Infections [description not available]	0	2.9	2	0
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).	0	2.9	2	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	0	3.27	5	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	0	2.93	3	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	0	3.27	5	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.93	3	0
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	0	2.41	1	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	0	2.83	3	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	0	2.83	3	0
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	0	2.41	1	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	0	2.91	3	0
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	0	2.91	3	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	0	5.22	3	1
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.98	3	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	0	7.98	3	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	0	3.23	5	0
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	0	7.41	1	0
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	0	3.23	5	0
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	0	3.51	6	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	0	3.51	6	0
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola A highly fatal, acute hemorrhagic fever caused by EBOLAVIRUS.	0	2.41	1	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	0	2.86	3	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	0	2.86	3	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	0	4.18	15	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	0	3.05	4	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	0	3.05	4	0
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	0	2.41	1	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	0	9.16	11	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	0	6.38	7	2
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	0	6.38	7	2
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	0	2.6	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	2.94	3	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	0	4.62	5	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	0	5.23	17	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	0	4.62	5	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	0	5.23	17	0
Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.	0	2.6	1	0
Auricular Fibrillation [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.	0	7.6	1	0
Abscess, Amebic, Hepatic [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	0	4.29	3	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	0	4.29	3	0
Airway Remodeling The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.	0	2.76	2	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	0	2.59	2	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	0	2.63	2	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	0	2.59	2	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	0	2.6	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	0	4.11	14	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	0	4.11	14	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	0	2.78	3	0
Hepatic Veno Occlusive Disease [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease Liver disease that is caused by injuries to the ENDOTHELIAL CELLS of the vessels and subendothelial EDEMA, but not by THROMBOSIS. Extracellular matrix, rich in FIBRONECTINS, is usually deposited around the HEPATIC VEINS leading to venous outflow occlusion and sinusoidal obstruction.	0	2.6	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.	0	2.6	1	0
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	0	3.92	3	0
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	0	3.92	3	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	3.22	5	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	0	3.03	4	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	0	3.03	4	0
Grippe [description not available]	0	2.87	3	0
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	0	2.87	3	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	0	2.9	2	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	0	2.9	2	0
Chloasma [description not available]	0	3.64	1	1
Melanosis Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.	0	3.64	1	1
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	0	2.61	2	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	0	3.24	5	0
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	0	3.24	5	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	0	3.93	2	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	0	3.93	2	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	0	2.58	2	0
Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change.	0	2.25	1	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	0	4.25	16	0
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced Congenital changes in the morphology of organs produced by exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.	0	2.21	1	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	0	2.99	4	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	0	2.99	4	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	0	2.69	2	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	0	2.69	2	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	0	5.3	4	1
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	5.3	4	1
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	0	7.81	3	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	0	3.29	5	0
Anasarca [description not available]	0	3.7	9	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	0	3.7	9	0
Diathesis [description not available]	0	2.69	2	0
Aortic Stenosis [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Aortic Valve Stenosis A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.	0	2.25	1	0
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	0	2.25	1	0
Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	0	2.25	1	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	0	2.25	1	0
Mucositis An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).	0	7.25	1	0
Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis [description not available]	0	4.55	1	1
Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive A form of multiple sclerosis characterized by a progressive deterioration in neurologic function which is in contrast to the more typical relapsing remitting form. If the clinical course is free of distinct remissions, it is referred to as primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When the progressive decline is punctuated by acute exacerbations, it is referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis. The term secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is used when relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis evolves into the chronic progressive form. (From Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl:S73-S79; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)	1	6.55	1	1
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	0	3.86	3	0
Chronic Hepatitis B [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Hepatitis B, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	0	2.25	1	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	0	3.08	4	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	0	8.08	4	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	0	7.25	1	0
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	0	2.25	1	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	0	3.82	10	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	1	5.82	10	0
Choroid Neovascularization [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	0	2.25	1	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	0	2.25	1	0
Coarctation of Aorta [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Aortic Coarctation A birth defect characterized by the narrowing of the AORTA that can be of varying degree and at any point from the transverse arch to the iliac bifurcation. Aortic coarctation causes arterial HYPERTENSION before the point of narrowing and arterial HYPOTENSION beyond the narrowed portion.	0	2.25	1	0
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available]	0	2.57	2	0
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.	0	2.57	2	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Endomyometritis Inflammation of both the ENDOMETRIUM and the MYOMETRIUM, usually caused by infections after a CESAREAN SECTION.	0	2.31	1	0
Endometritis Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.	0	2.31	1	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	0	2.41	1	0
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	0	7.31	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	0	3.26	5	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	0	3.26	5	0
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	0	7.21	1	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	0	8.75	3	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	0	3.75	3	0
Hypospermatogenesis [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	0	3.12	4	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	0	3.12	4	0
Hypomania [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.	0	2.31	1	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	0	2.31	1	0
HPV Infection [description not available]	0	2.58	2	0
Papillomavirus Infections Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.	0	2.58	2	0
Low Bone Density [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.	0	2.31	1	0
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	0	7.31	1	0
Margins of Excision The edges of tissue removed in a surgery for assessment of the effectiveness of a surgical procedure in achieving the local control of a neoplasm and the adequacy of tumor removal. When the margin is negative or not involved by tumor (e.g., CANCER) it suggests all of the tumor has been removed by the surgery.	0	2.31	1	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.	0	3.04	4	0
Peritoneal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.	0	2.31	1	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.	0	8.04	4	0
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	0	2.31	1	0
Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available]	0	3.23	1	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	0	4.92	13	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	0	3.06	1	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	0	3.06	1	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	0	3.06	1	0
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.	0	3.06	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	0	4.92	13	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	0	3.7	9	0
Chondrosarcoma A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	7.15	1	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	0	3.35	6	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	0	3.35	6	0
Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available]	0	7.15	1	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	2.52	2	0
Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.	0	2.15	1	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	0	3.21	5	0
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.	0	2.15	1	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	0	3.71	3	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	0	3.71	3	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	0	2.49	2	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	0	2.47	2	0
Avian Flu [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Influenza in Birds Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.	0	2.15	1	0
Amyloid Deposits [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Hand Foot and Mouth Disease [description not available]	0	9.2	3	1
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease A mild, highly infectious viral disease of children, characterized by vesicular lesions in the mouth and on the hands and feet. It is caused by coxsackieviruses A.	0	9.2	3	1
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Allodynia [description not available]	0	2.81	3	0
Ache [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	0	7.17	1	0
Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.	0	2.17	1	0
Atheroma [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	0	3.02	4	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	0	3.02	4	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	0	2.55	2	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	0	2.47	2	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	0	2.55	2	0
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	0	2.17	1	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	0	7.17	1	0
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.	0	2.54	2	0
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	0	2.54	2	0
Asthma, Occupational Asthma attacks caused, triggered, or exacerbated by OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE.	0	2.17	1	0
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available]	0	7.55	2	0
Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.	0	2.17	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	0	2.21	1	0
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	0	2.54	2	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	0	2.79	3	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	0	2.79	3	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	0	2.75	3	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	0	2.75	3	0
Infections, Klebsiella [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.	0	2.21	1	0
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	0	2.21	1	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	0	2.21	1	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	0	2.08	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	0	3	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	3.77	10	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	0	2.47	2	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	0	2.45	2	0
Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.	0	2.08	1	0
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)	0	2.08	1	0
Adenomyosis The extension of endometrial tissue (ENDOMETRIUM) into the MYOMETRIUM. It usually occurs in women in their reproductive years and may result in a diffusely enlarged uterus with ectopic and benign endometrial glands and stroma.	0	7.49	2	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	0	2.8	3	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	0	2.8	3	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	2.08	1	0
Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.	0	2.08	1	0
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	0	2.08	1	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	2.08	1	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	0	2.5	2	0
Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.	0	2.51	2	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	0	7.1	1	0
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	0	2.98	4	0
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	0	2.1	1	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	0	2.49	2	0
Adenoma, beta-Cell [description not available]	0	2.8	3	0
Insulinoma A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.	0	7.8	3	0
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Parkinson Disease, Secondary Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)	0	2.1	1	0
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	0	2.52	2	0
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.	0	7.52	2	0
Nasal Catarrh [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Sinus Infections [description not available]	0	4.75	2	1
Nasal Polyps Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations.	0	7.1	1	0
Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.	0	2.1	1	0
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	0	9.75	2	1
Dysentery, Shiga bacillus [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Dysentery, Bacillary DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).	0	2.1	1	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	0	4.14	3	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	0	4.14	3	0
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	0	2.13	1	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	0	7.1	1	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	0	2.78	3	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	0	2.78	3	0
Bacteroidaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family BACTEROIDACEAE.	0	2.1	1	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	0	2.77	3	0
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	0	2.1	1	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	0	2.52	2	0
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	0	7.11	1	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	0	2.47	2	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	0	2.48	2	0
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.11	1	0
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm [description not available]	0	7.13	1	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	0	2.13	1	0
Becker Muscular Dystrophy [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)	0	2.13	1	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	2.49	2	0
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	0	2.49	2	0
Opisthorchis felineus Infection [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	4.75	2	1
Opisthorchiasis Infection with flukes of the genus Opisthorchis.	0	7.13	1	0
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	0	2.13	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Acute, T Cell [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and young adults and characterized LYMPHADENOPATHY and THYMUS GLAND involvement. It most frequently presents as a lymphoma, but a leukemic progression in the bone marrow is common.	0	2.13	1	0
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	0	7.13	1	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	0	2.49	2	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	0	7.49	2	0
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	0	2.13	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).	0	2.53	2	0
Bilateral Wilms Tumor [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Wilms Tumor A malignant kidney tumor, caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of renal stem (blastemal), stromal (STROMAL CELLS), and epithelial (EPITHELIAL CELLS) elements. However, not all three are present in every case. Several genes or chromosomal areas have been associated with Wilms tumor which is usually found in childhood as a firm lump in a child's side or ABDOMEN.	0	2.13	1	0
Nociceptive Pain Dull or sharp aching pain caused by stimulated NOCICEPTORS due to tissue injury, inflammation or diseases. It can be divided into somatic or tissue pain and VISCERAL PAIN.	0	2.15	1	0
Parodontosis [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	0	7.15	1	0
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	2.04	1	0
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	0	2.04	1	0
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	0	2.05	1	0
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	2.05	1	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	0	2.05	1	0
Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.	0	2.05	1	0
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.	0	2.05	1	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	0	2.75	3	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	0	2.05	1	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	0	7.05	1	0
Black Fever [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Leishmaniasis, Visceral A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.	0	2.05	1	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	0	2.06	1	0
Endometrial Diseases [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Uterine Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.	0	2.06	1	0
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.	0	2.06	1	0
Angiitis [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	0	2.07	1	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	0	7.07	1	0
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.	0	2.06	1	0
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	0	2.06	1	0
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	0	7.06	1	0
Ear Diseases Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.	0	2.06	1	0
Granulomas [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	0	2.06	1	0
Classic Galactosemia [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Galactosemias A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)	0	2.08	1	0
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	2.07	1	0
Cervix Dysplasia [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Menstruation, Painful [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Fibroid [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Uterine Cervical Dysplasia Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE.	0	2.08	1	0
Dysmenorrhea Painful menstruation.	0	2.08	1	0
Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.	0	2.08	1	0
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	0	2.08	1	0
Pyogenic Sacroiliitis [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	0	2.46	2	0
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	0	2.08	1	0
Acute Hepatic Failure [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Liver Failure, Acute A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.	0	2.08	1	0
Leishmania Infection [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).	0	2.01	1	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	0	6.31	9	0
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	0	2.02	1	0
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	0	4.72	2	1
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	0	4.72	2	1
Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.	0	2.03	1	0
Carcinoma, Thymic [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Thymoma A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.03	1	0
Coronary Restenosis Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.	0	2.03	1	0
Hepatitis, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.	0	1.97	1	0

andrographolide

Cross-References

Synonyms (66)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (4)

Drug Classes (5)

Protein Targets (19)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (311)

Molecular Functions (85)

Ceullar Components (47)

Bioassays (472)

Research

Studies (908)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 41.49

Study Types

Clinical Trials (14)

Trial Overview

andrographolide

Related Flora

Cross-References

Synonyms (66)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (4)

Drug Classes (5)

Protein Targets (19)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (311)

Molecular Functions (85)

Ceullar Components (47)

Bioassays (472)

Research

Studies (908)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 41.49

Study Types

Clinical Trials (14)

Trial Overview

Related Drugs (774)

Related Conditions (464)