Onset of HYPERREFLEXIA; SEIZURES; or COMA in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient (PRE-ECLAMPSIA).
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| "Preeclampsia is characterized by a generalized disturbance in endothelial physiology, and not merely by an isolated defect in vascular prostacyclin synthesis." | ( Dekker, GA; van Geijn, HP, 1992) |
| "Preeclampsia is diagnosed when the systolic blood pressure (BP) increases by 30 mm Hg or the diastolic BP increases by 15 mm Hg after the 20th week of gestation and the BP rise is accompanied by edema, proteinuria, or both." | ( McCombs, J, 1992) |
| "Preeclampsia is a syndrome of unknown etiology characterized by the sequential development of facial and hand edema, hypertension, and proteinuria after the 20th week of gestation." | ( Zuspan, FP, 1991) |
| "Eclampsia is classified as the acute fulminating type, which can occur without warning, and the insidious type." | ( Patwardhan, VB, 1995) |
| "Eclampsia is a leading cause of maternal mortality." | ( Anthony, J; Duley, L; Johanson, RB, 1996) |
| "As eclampsia is a life-threatening condition associated with both maternal and fetal complications, strict regimens and protocols are warranted at every delivery unit." | ( Hjertberg, R, 1999) |
| "Preeclampsia/eclampsia is a complex multisystem disorder with potentially severe, irreversible sequelae." | ( Kaplan, PW, 1999) |
| "Eclampsia is a grand mal convulsion associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension." | ( Mahomed, K, 1999) |
| "Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are associated with higher levels of cord blood erythropoietin." | ( Dhawan, V; Ganguly, NK; Gupta, G; Gupta, I; Suri, V, 2000) |
| "Eclampsia is the third commonest cause of maternal mortality after haemorrhage and infection." | ( Manyemba, J, 2000) |
| "Preeclampsia and eclampsia are the primary causes of maternal mortality." | ( Barrera Saldaña, H; García Cavazos, R; Garza Elizondo, M; López Valdez, R; Martínez de Villarreal, LE; Perales Dávila, J; Rojas Martínez, A; Saldívar Rodríguez, D; Triana Saldaña, H; Valdez Leal, R; Zacarías Villarreal Pérez, J, 2001) |
| "Pre-eclampsia is a serious multi-system disorder with general endothelial disease, often with a component of hepatic dysfunction." | ( Berg, S; Engman, A; Holmgren, S; Laurent, TC; Lundahl, T, 2001) |
| "Severe preeclampsia is a pathophysiological disorder specific to pregnancy and characterized by vasoconstriction and hypercoagulability." | ( Kanayama, N; Kobayashi, T; Naruse, H; Nishiguchi, T; Sugimura, M; Terao, T; Tokunaga, N, 2002) |
| "Preeclampsia is a common complication of pregnancy and a significant cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality." | ( Belfort, MA; Frias, AE, 2003) |
| "Eclampsia is thought to be similar to hypertensive encephalopathy, whereby acute elevations in intravascular pressure cause forced dilatation (FD) of intrinsic myogenic tone of cerebral arteries and arterioles, decreased cerebrovascular resistance, and hyperperfusion." | ( Cipolla, MJ; McKinnon, J; Vitullo, L, 2004) |
| "ARF with eclampsia is a frequent situation that required intensive management when risks factors were present." | ( Alaoui, SY; Barrou, L; Mjahed, K, 2004) |
| "Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy associated with hypertension and proteinuria." | ( Graeber, B; Stiller, RJ; Vanderwal, T; Werdmann, MJ, 2005) |
| "Eclampsia is a major source of both maternal and perinatal mortality." | ( Bharracharyya, SK; Kamilya, G; Mukherji, J, 2005) |
| "Eclampsia is a severe condition with high rates of maternal complications, such as abruptio placentae, disseminated intravascular coagulation, neurological problems, pulmonary oedema, acute renal insufficiency and even death." | ( Bleker, OP; Hajenius, PJ; Richard, E; van Weert, JM; Wolf, H, 2007) |
| "Postpartum eclampsia is a serious and unexpected complication." | ( Agrawal, A; Lakshmi, R; Raina, A; Upreti, D, 2007) |
| "Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-associated illness affecting multiple organ systems." | ( Bremerich, DH; Fetsch, NI, 2008) |
| "Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are common obstetrical problem causing adverse effects on pregnancy outcome." | ( Bulbul, T; Ferdausi, M; Hoque, MM; Islam, NA; Mahal, M, 2008) |
| "Eclampsia is characterized by generalized convulsions in pregnant women with hypertension and proteinuria." | ( Wasseff, S, 2009) |
| "Therefore, eclampsia is not always preventable." | ( Mirzaie, F; Niroomanesh, S, 2008) |
| "Preeclampsia and eclampsia are pregnancy complications with serious consequences for mother and infant." | ( Kodliwadmath, M; Kodliwadmath, MV; Patil, SB, 2009) |
| "Post-partum eclampsia is an unfrequent entity (11 to 44 % of eclampsia), which can sometimes occur late, beyond the 48th hour." | ( Bedel, B; Cartron, G; Parant, O; Vayssière, C, 2010) |
| "Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are serious complications of pregnancy and major causes of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide." | ( Bero, LA; Hill, SR; Ridge, AL, 2010) |
| "Preeclampsia is associated with innate inflammatory response resulting in elevated tumor necrosis factor-α, agonistic autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type I receptor, and activation of endothelin 1 (ET-1)." | ( Dechend, R; Herse, F; LaMarca, B; Martin, JN; Wallace, K; Wallukat, G; Weimer, A, 2011) |
| "Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia are relatively common complications of pregnancy, leading to considerable maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity." | ( Bhutta, ZA; Imdad, A; Jabeen, M; Yakoob, MY, 2011) |
| "Eclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity around the world." | ( Aggrawal, A; Pradhan, T; Regmi, MC; Rijal, P; Subedi, A; Uprety, D, 2010) |
| "Pre-eclampsia is associated with oxidative stress in the maternal circulation." | ( Karki, K; Khanna, HD; Khanna, RS; Kumar, A; Negi, R; Pande, D, 2012) |
| "Pre-eclampsia is still a very prevalent disease with critical hemodynamic changes." | ( Albarran, HA; Rodriguez, GC; Zeron, HM, 2012) |
| "Pre-eclampsia is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality." | ( Dennis, AT, 2012) |
| "Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia is one of the most common causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in low and middle income countries." | ( Currie, SM; Felker-Kantor, E; Fullerton, J; Harris, L; Lowe, RF; Smith, JM, 2013) |
| "Preeclampsia is associated with elevated natriuretic peptide levels." | ( Afshani, N; Biccard, BM; Dyer, RA; Moustaqim-Barrette, A; Rodseth, RN, 2013) |
| "Eclampsia is the third major cause of maternal mortality in Pakistan." | ( Assad, H; Bigdeli, M; Ghaffar, A; Zafar, S, 2013) |
| "Pre-eclampsia is a devastating multi system syndrome and a major cause of maternal, fetal, neonatal morbidity and mortality." | ( Karki, K; Khanna, HD; Khanna, RS; Kumar, A; Negi, R; Pande, D, 2014) |
| "Eclampsia is a poorly understood but potentially fatal complication of pregnancy." | ( Brennecke, SP; Di, X; Hu, B; Huang, Q; Liu, H; Liu, L, 2014) |
| "Eclampsia is a life-threatening complication of pregnancy." | ( Chambers, E; Dennis, AT; Serang, K, 2015) |
| "Although eclampsia is known to result from severe pre-eclampsia with or without organ function derangement, this review has revealed that a significant number of eclamptic women had either normal blood pressure or mild-to-moderate hypertension immediately before seizure." | ( Berhan, A; Berhan, Y, 2015) |
| "Eclampsia is a very serious complication of pregnancy which is responsible for high maternal and perinatal mortality." | ( Biswas, S; Das, R, 2015) |
| "Late postpartum eclampsia is defined as occurrence of eclampsia >48 h after delivery and is a rare clinical entity." | ( Dickman, E; Garg, D; Rahaman, B; Stein, EG, 2015) |
| "Eclampsia is a rare but serious threat to maternal and fetal well-being." | ( Ekholm, E; Jaatinen, N, 2016) |
| "Eclampsia is an important cause of maternal mortality in developing countries." | ( Ahmed, AN; Ahmed, S; Mondal, BR; Paul, D; Perveen, SI; Rahman, MQ; Saha, S; Sarker, UK; Sultana, T, 2016) |
| "Eclampsia is the main cause of maternal death in Brazil." | ( Cecatti, JG; Costa, ML; Lotufo, FA; Osis, MJ; Parpinelli, MA; Surita, FG, 2016) |
| "Eclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that is defined by the new onset of grand mal seizures on the basis of preeclampsia and a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide." | ( Bao, J; Di, X; Han, X; Li, X; Liu, H; Yang, J; Zhang, G, 2017) |
| "Eclampsia is specifically addressed by 85% (28/33) of agencies." | ( Brown, JF; Gausche-Hill, M; Gilbert, GH; Koenig, KL; Lemieux, JM; Rudnick, EM; Salvucci, AA; Silverman, EC; Sporer, KA, 2017) |
| "Eclampsia is characterized by high morbidity and mortality wordwide." | ( Li, X; Liu, H; Yang, Y, 2019) |
| "Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality." | ( Bannale, S; Bellad, M; Charantimath, U; Derman, R; Goudar, S; Joshi, A; Karadiguddi, C; Katageri, G; Kavi, A; Magee, LA; Mallapur, A; Mungarwadi, G; Payne, BA; Qureshi, R; Rakaraddi, S; Ramadurg, U; Sawchuck, D; Sharma, S; Vidler, M; von Dadelszen, P, 2018) |
| "Eclampsia is a multisystem disorder that may lead to deterioration of maternal condition, hypoxia and acidosis of fetus." | ( Bhatta, RD; Pradhan, T; Rai, R; Regmi, MC; Rijal, P; Thapa, BD, 2019) |
| "Eclampsia is an obstetric emergency and a major cause of maternal mortality in low and middle-income countries such as South Africa." | ( Alese, OM; Moodley, J; Naicker, T, 2019) |
| "Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive disorder in pregnancy." | ( Abraham, C; Kusheleva, N, 2019) |
| "Eclampsia is a serious consequence of pre-eclampsia." | ( Ellwood, D; Homer, CSE; Jackson Pulver, L; Knight, M; Li, Z; McLintock, C; Peek, MJ; Pollock, W; Sullivan, EA; Vaughan, G; Wang, A, 2020) |
| "Eclampsia is an uncommon consequence of pre-eclampsia in ANZ." | ( Ellwood, D; Homer, CSE; Jackson Pulver, L; Knight, M; Li, Z; McLintock, C; Peek, MJ; Pollock, W; Sullivan, EA; Vaughan, G; Wang, A, 2020) |
| "Eclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal death worldwide." | ( Dembélé, K; Kampo, MI; Kassogué, D; Konaté, I; Ongoiba, O; Sissoko, D; Sogoba, S; Sow, F; Traoré, Y, 2020) |
| "Pre-eclampsia is a common pregnancy complication with many associated maternal and fetal risks, yet its pathophysiology remains poorly understood." | ( Martinez, A; Swartz, S; Whitley, J, 2021) |
| "Eclampsia is a pregnancy complicationcharacterized bygeneralized tonic-clonicconvulsions." | ( Hoyt, K; Johnson, E; Kirschen, GW; Patel, S, 2022) |
| ""Classic" preeclampsia is a severe and quickly progressing condition with placental insufficiency and consequent fetal growth restriction and oligohydramnios." | ( Alemu Wami, G; Bódis, J; Farkas, B; Kovács, K; Tamás, P; Várnagy, Á, 2022) |
| "Eclampsia is an independent risk factor of acute kidney injury." | ( Hassan, M; Mark, LH; Mayanja, R; Muhindo, R; Robert, N; Samson, O; Ssalongo, WGM, 2022) |
| "Eclampsia is the most serious pregnancy complication and one of the main causes of death of pregnant and delivering women." | ( Laskowska, M, 2023) |
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| "For the treatment of eclampsia well tried standardized methods with few drugs as magnesium sulfate and when necessary barbiturates and hydralazine are mentioned, furthermore, the combination with new therapeutic managements as the osmo onco-therapy and the modern anaesthetic technics." | ( During, R; Kyank, H, 1978) |
| "A woman was treated for eclampsia with neurofibromatosis and had a complicated course." | ( Schwartz, DB; Sherman, SJ, 1992) |
| "The characteristics and treatment of preeclampsia and eclampsia are reviewed." | ( McCombs, J, 1992) |
| "As stated in an earlier review, "in treating preeclampsia, magnesium sulfate therapy may have a role and may moderate factors leading to eclampsia." | ( Friedman, SA; Kaplan, PW; Repke, JT, 1992) |
| "A review of the pathophysiology and treatment of pre-eclampsia indicates that vasospasm and vascular hyperreactivity are important elements in the disease process and its control." | ( Zaret, GM, 1983) |
| "Although the recognition and treatment of preeclampsia theoretically should eliminate eclampsia, it has not disappeared and remains a substantial threat to maternal and fetal well-being." | ( Anderson, GD; Dilts, PV; McCubbin, JH; Sibai, BM, 1982) |
| "Current treatment of preeclampsia no longer mandates delivery for proteinuria of >5 g per 24 hours." | ( Dotson, T; Fontenot, MT; Jaekle, RK; Lewis, DF; Newman, MG; Robichaux, AG; Stedman, CM, 2003) |
| "In the past ten years effective treatments for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia have been evaluated and identified following large trials and systematic reviews." | ( Grimshaw, J; Gülmezoglu, AM; Langer, A; Lumbiganon, P; Piaggio, G, 2007) |
| "Magnesium sulfate (MgSO(4)) is the best treatment of eclampsia, reduces the risk of recurrence better than other anticonvulsants and is recommended as first line in cases of eclampsia." | ( Haddad, B; Kayem, G; Mandelbrot, L, 2012) |
| "Obstetric data, the treatment used for eclampsia and pre-eclampsia and maternofetal complications were collected." | ( Azhougagh, K; Bourret, B; Compère, V; Dureuil, B; Gillet, R; Marpeau, L; Provost, D; Rachet, B; Rieu, M; Torre, S, 2012) |
| "Inadequately treated, preeclampsia and eclampsia (PE/E) may rapidly lead to severe complications in both mothers and neonates, and are estimated to cause 60,000 global maternal deaths annually." | ( Christmas, A; Ghosh, R; Gore, A; Mahapatra, T; Morgan, MC; Raney, JH; Spindler, H; Sterling, M; Walker, DM, 2019) |
| "The gold standard intrapartum treatment for preeclampsia with severe features is magnesium sulfate in order to provide prophylaxis against eclampsia." | ( Abbas, D; Alexander, M; Claus, L; Comfort, A; Srivastava, A; Tummala, S; Wang, MJ; Yarrington, C; Young, S, 2022) |